Wikipédia jvwiki https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pendhapa MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.20 first-letter Médhia Mirunggan Parembugan Naraguna Parembugan Naraguna Wikipédia Parembugan Wikipédia Barkas Parembugan Barkas MédhiaWiki Parembugan MédhiaWiki Cithakan Parembugan Cithakan Pitulung Parembugan Pitulung Kategori Parembugan Kategori Gapura Parembugan Gapura TimedText TimedText talk Modhul Parembugan Modhul Acara Pembicaraan Acara 0 1772 1756877 1554673 2026-09-22T11:56:52Z Meursault2004 3 dening → déning 1756877 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alkitab Pitung Puluh''' (Latin: Septuaginta, LXX, tegese 70) iku kitab [[Prajanjian Lawas]] gagrag [[basa Yunani|basa Ellas]] kang digawé (kajarwakake) kurang luwih rong [[abad]] sadurungé [[Masehi]]. Pretalané iku kang nggawé déning wong Yahudi gunggung [[70]] ing [[Alexandria|Aleksandriyah]], [[Mesir]]. Alkitab Pitung Puluh nduweni kabedan karo Alkitab Protestan sing ngeloni tulisan Masoret. Pranjanjian Lawase Protestan mau ing Alkitab Pitung Puluh kaisenan kitab-kitab ''deuterokanonika'' sing padha kaya Alkitab Katulik lan katambahan saperangan kitab liya yaiku Makabe I-IV, Tobit, Yudit, Kawicaksanan Solomon, Sirakh, Barukh (kalebu Layang Yeremiyah), Masmur Solomon, ''Book of Odes'', lan Donganing Manasye. Dadi, saperangan kitab luwih dawa kaya ta Daniyel lan Ester. Ananging, kitab Yeremiyah luwih cendhak tinimbang Alkitab Protestan utawa Masoret. Alkitab Pitung Puluh dinggo déning wong Kristen Ortodhoksi. Alkitab iki banjur wus kajarwakake ing basa liya kaya ta basa Rossiyah lan basa Inggris. Amarga kajaba wong Kristen Ortodhoksi utawa widyaka ora ana kang nganggo, gunggung jarwa Alkitab Pitung Puluh ora saakeh Alkitab Protestan utawa Alkitab Katulik. Ananging ing tembe buri iki, wus awiwit upaya pinjarwa ing basa-basa liya. {{Alkitab}} [[Kategori:Alkitab]] [[Kategori:Basa Grikenlan]] 1rwxh7vtpu6okuxw6vaifw9cjukunsk 0 14607 1756840 1622549 2026-09-21T17:35:01Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1756840 wikitext text/x-wiki <table style="background:white;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px"> <caption><font size="+1">'''Kutha Pematangsiantar'''</font></caption> <tr><td style="background:#ffffff;" align="center" colspan=2> <table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <tr><td align="center" width="140px">[[image:Lambang_Kutha_Pematangsiantar.JPG|120px]]</td> <tr><td align="center" width="140px">Lambang Kutha Pematangsiantar</td> </table></td></tr> <tr><td align="center" colspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"><font size="-1">[[Sesanti]]: "---" <br></font></td></tr> <tr><td align="center" colspan=2>[[Image:Lokasi Sumatra Utara Kota Pematangsiantar.svg|300px]]</td></tr> <tr><td>Dina Dadi:</td><td>24 April 1871</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Walikutha]]:</td><td>RE Siahaan</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Wakil walikutha]]:</td><td>---</td></tr> <tr><td>Jembar<br>&nbsp;- Total: <br></td><td> <br> 79,97&nbsp;km² <br></td></tr> <tr><td>Kacamatan<br>&nbsp;- Cacahe: <br></td><td> <br> 6 Kacamatan <br></td></tr> <tr><td>[[Padunung]] <br>&nbsp;- Total: <br>&nbsp;- Kapadhetan: </td><td><br> +/- 240.831 (2000) <br> +/- --- jiwa/km² </td></tr> <tr><td>[[Suku Bangsa]]:</td><td>[[wong Batak]] lan liyané</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Agama]]:</td><td> [[Islam]], [[Protèstan]], [[Katulik]], [[Hindhu]] lan [[Buda]]</td></tr> <tr><td>Basa:</td><td> [[Basa Batak]] lan [[Basa Indonésia]]</td></tr> </table> '''Kutha Pematangsiantar''' iku salah siji kutha ing [[Sumatra Lor|Provinsi Sumatra Lor]]. Jembar wewengkon kutha iki ± 79,97&nbsp;km² utawa --- hèktar. == Géografi == == Papréntahan == Kutha Pematangsiantar ketata saking 6 [[kacamatan]], --- [[kalurahan]] / [[désa]]. Kacamatan-Kacamatan ing Kutha iki yaiku: #[[Siantar Kidul, Pematangsiantar|Siantar Kidul]] #[[Siantar Kulon, Pematangsiantar|Siantar Kulon]] #[[Siantar Lor, Pematangsiantar|Siantar Lor]] #[[Siantar Marihat, Pematangsiantar|Siantar Marihat]] #[[Siantar Martoba, Pematangsiantar|Siantar Martoba]] #[[Siantar Wétan, Pematangsiantar|Siantar Wétan]] ==Deleng uga== *[[Pratélan Daerah Tingkat II]] ==Pranala njaba== *[http://www.pematangsiantar.go.id Situs Web Resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070125211457/http://www.pematangsiantar.go.id/ |date=2007-01-25 }} {{Kutha Pematangsiantar}} {{Sumatra Lor}} [[Kategori:Kutha ing Sumatra Lor|Pematangsiantar]] [[Kategori:Kutha Pematangsiantar|Pematangsiantar]] oeuumspoeq8rzibyfsm9y797mob7bf6 0 20275 1756857 1648295 2026-09-22T04:14:48Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1756857 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox_ProvinceIT | fullname = Provinsi Firenze| name = Florence | region = [[Toscana]] | capital = [[Florence]] | commune = 44 | area = 3,514 | population_as_of = (2004) | population = 933,860 | populationdensity = 265 | vehicle = FI| postal_code = n/a| telephone_prefix = n/a| ISTAT = 048| president = Matteo Renzi | map = [[Gambar:Firenze posizione.png|150px|]] | coatofarms = [[Gambar:Provincia di Firenze-Stemma.svg|120px]] | }} '''Firenze''' ([[basa Italia]]: ''Provincia di Firenze'') iku [[Provinsi Italia|provinsi]] ing ''regione'' [[Toscana]] ing [[Italia]]. Kutha krajané dumunung ana ing kutha [[Firenze]]. Jembar wewengkan 3.514&nbsp;km², lan populasi 933.860 ([[2001]]). Ana 44 ''comune'' ing provinsi iki.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.upinet.it/indicatore.asp?id_statistiche=6 |title=''Istat'' |access-date=2007-12-21 |archive-date=2007-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070807094512/http://www.upinet.it/indicatore.asp?id_statistiche=6 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Komunitas wigati == * [[Firenze]] - 366.488 sing ndunungi * [[Scandicci]] - 50.003 sing ndunungi * [[Sesto Fiorentino]] - 46.702 sing ndunungi * [[Empoli]] - 46.017 sing ndunungi * [[Campi Bisenzio]] - 39.176 sing ndunungi * [[Bagno a Ripoli]] - 25.228 sing ndunungi * [[Fucecchio]] - 21.912 sing ndunungi * [[Pontassieve]] - 20.581 sing ndunungi * [[Borgo San Lorenzo]] - 17.350 sing ndunungi == Réferènsi == <Réferènsi/> == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.provincia.firenze.it www.provincia.firenze.it] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928210629/http://www.provincia.firenze.it/ |date=2007-09-28 }} {{Toscana}} {{Provinsi Firenze}} {{Italia}} [[Kategori:Provinsi Italia|Firenze]] {{geo-stub}} ngy5gjnqi7hb3dce9vkia71lue6lioq 0 20403 1756856 1648282 2026-09-22T04:14:18Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1756856 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox_ProvinceIT | fullname = Provinsi Brescia| name = Brescia| region = [[Lombardia]] | capital = [[Brescia]] | commune = 206 | area = 4784 | population_as_of = (2001) | population = 1,109,841 | populationdensity = 232 | vehicle = BS | postal_code = | telephone_prefix = 030, 0364, 0365, 035 | ISTAT = 017 | president = Alberto Cavalli | map = [[Gambar:Brescia posizione.png|150px|]]| coatofarms = | }} [[Gambar:Passogavia0002.jpg|jmpl|kiri|250px]] '''Provinsi Brescia''' iku [[Provinsi Italia|Provinsi]] ing ''regione'' [[Lombardia]], [[Italia]]. Provinsi iki wewatesan karo [[provinsi Sondrio]] ing lor lan lor-kulon, [[provinsi Bergamo]] ing kulon, [[provinsi Cremona]] ing kidul-kulon lan kidul, [[provinsi Mantova]] ing kidul, lan ing sisih wétan karo [[provinsi Verona]] (kang dadi péranganing ''regione'' [[Veneto]] lan [[Provinsi Trento]] (kang dadi péranganing ''regione'' [[Trentino-Alto Adige]]/Südtirol. Sumber data statistik ya iku saka: ''Italian institute of statistics'' (''Istat''), delengen [http://www.upinet.it/indicatore.asp?id_statistiche=6 Upinet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070807094512/http://www.upinet.it/indicatore.asp?id_statistiche=6 |date=2007-08-07 }}. [[Gambar:2005-05-05 - 12-45 Sirmione 05.JPG|jmpl|kanan|250px|Sirmione]] Tlatah Provinsi Brescia nglingkupi pinggir kidul lan kulon telaga [[Garda]]. Brescia dumunung ing ''regione'' [[Lombardia]] ing [[Italia]] sish lor. Kutha wigati antarané: [[Desenzano del Garda]], [[Palazzolo sull'Oglio]], [[Montichiari]], [[Ghedi]], [[Manerbio]], [[Carpenedolo]], [[Orzinuovi]], [[Chiari]], [[Brescia]], [[Rovato]], [[Salò]], [[Iseo (BS)|Iseo]], [[Gardone Val Trompia]] lan [[Lumezzane]]. == Uga delengen == * [[Comune ing provinsi Brescia]] == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.provincia.brescia.it/ Situs Resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110820160838/http://www3.provincia.brescia.it/ |date=2011-08-20 }} {{Lombardia}} {{Italia}} {{Provinsi Brescia}} [[Kategori:Provinsi Brescia| ]] [[Kategori:Provinsi Italia|Brescia]] {{Italia-geo-stub}} 5l72q8sx9i80ju8ez6oy72eogbfyzcz 0 20927 1756851 1659192 2026-09-22T02:57:56Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1756851 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox CityIT | img_coa = Piombino-Stemma.png| official_name = Comune Piombino| region = [[Toscana]] | provinsi = [[Provinsi Livorno|Livorno]] (LI) | elevation_m = 21 | area_total_km2 = 129| population_as_of = [[31 Dhésèmber]] [[2004]]| population_total = 34369| population_density_km2 = 263| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]], [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]+1 | coordinates = {{coor dm|42|55|N|10|32|E}}| frazioni = [[Populonia]], Baratti, Riotorto | telephone = 0565| name=Piombino| mapx=42.91| mapy=10.54| postalcode = 57025 | gentilic = Piombinesi| saint = [[Saint Anastasia]]| day = [[8 Mèi]] | mayor = Gianni Anselmi (since June [[2004]])| website = [http://www.comune.piombino.li.it www.comune.piombino.li.it] | }} '''Piombino''' iku sawijining kutha lan commune ing [[Provinsi Livorno]] ([[Toscana]]), [[Italia]], dumunung ana ing pasisir [[Sagara Tyrrhenian]], ing sangarepé Pulo [[Elba]] lan sisih loré [[Maremma]]. [[Gambar:Piombino1.jpg|jmpl|220px|kiri|Mercusuar ing plabuhan ''Marina'']] <!-- It has an ancient historical center, derived from the time in which it was the [[Etruscans]]' port, in the surroundings of [[Populonia]]. In the [[Middle Ages]], it was instead an important port of [[Pisa]]'s Republic. Its [[hinterland]] hosts a considerable industrial area. Its port is still heavily used, both for industry and for tourism, with ferry-boats to [[Portoferraio]] (Elba) and [[Olbia]] ([[Sardinia]]). --> == Komunitas tangga == * [[Campiglia Marittima]] * [[Follonica]] * [[San Vincenzo (LI)|San Vincenzo]] * [[Suvereto]] <!-- ==History== The area of modern Piombino was settled since ancient times. During the [[Etruscan civilization|Etruscan]] era the main city in the area was [[Populonia]], now a ''[[frazione]]'' within the commune of Piombino. The name ''Piombino'' derives almost certainly from ''Populino'', meaning "Small Populonia", which the refugees gave to a small village where they had taken refuge after the city had been attacked by Greek pirates (9th century CE). It is also probable that Piombino had already been founded during the [[Ostrogoth]] domination. In [[1022]] the Monastery of San Giustiniano was founded in the area, boosting the activity of fishers, sailors and workers. In [[1115]] Piombino submitted to the [[Republic of Pisa]], becoming its second main port: authority was exerted by a ''Capitano'' ("Captain"). During the conflicts between the Pisane and the Genoese (12th-13th centuries) the city was sacked various times. In [[1248]] the ''Capitano'' Ugolino Arsopachi built the Channels. The Castle of Piombino remained a Pisane possession until [[Gerardo Appiani]], ceding Pisa to the [[Milan]]ese [[Visconti]], carved out the independent state of Piombino, Elba, [[Pianosa]] and [[Montecristo]] for his family, who held it until [[1634]]. In [[1445]], through his marriage with Caterina Appiani, [[Rinaldo Orsini]] acquired the lordship. In 1501-1503 the principality was under [[Cesare Borgia]]. In 1509 the Appiani became princes of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] with the title of Piombino. After [[Cosimo I de' Medici]] had occupied it in the course of the war against [[Republic of Siena|Siena]], in 1553 and 1555 a French-[[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] fleet attacked Piombino, but was pushed back. In 1557 the peace treaty reinstated the Appiani, with the exception of [[Portoferraio]], given to the [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]], and the area of [[Orbetello]], which became the [[State of Presidi]] under the Spanish control. In [[1594]] the [[Principality of Piombino]] was created by Emperor [[Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor|Rudolf II of Habsburg]], the first prince being [[Alessandro Appiani d'Aragona]]. In [[1634]] the title was acquired by the [[Ludovisi]], whose member [[Niccolò I Ludovisi|Niccolò I]] had married Polissena Appiani in 1632. In [[1708]] it went to the [[Boncompagni]] with [[Antonio I Boncompagni|Antonio I]]. In [[1801]] Napoleon abolished the principate, Piombino and its lands being annexed to the [[Kingdom of Etruria]]; in 1809 they were given to Napoleon's sister, [[Elisa Baciocchi]]. After the Napoleon's final defeat and the [[congress of Vienna]], the state of Piombino was annexed to the [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]]. It became part of the [[unification of Italy|unified Kingdom of Italy]] in [[1860]]. During [[World War II]], after the fall of the Fascist government, Piombino successfully resisted for some days an attempt of sea invasion by German forces (see [[Battle of Piombino]]). For the deeds of its citizens, the city received a Gold Medal for Military Valour by President [[Carlo Azeglio Ciampi]]. [[image:Piombino2.jpg|thumb|290px|The ''Rivellino'', the ancient main gate built in [[1447]] by [[Rinaldo Orsini]].]] ==Main sights== {{Main|Populonia}} {{sect-stub}} *Co-Cathedral of ''Sant'Antimo'' (c. 1377), built by the [[Augustinians]] and originally dedicated to St. Michael. It is in [[Gothic architecture|Pisane-Gothic style]], a memoir of the rule of Pisa over Piombino. The interior, with two naves (one added in 1933), houses precious works by Andrea Guardi, including a Baptismal Font. The counter-façade has Renaissance sepulchres of the Appiani family. Also by Guardi is the cloister (1470). *The ''Rivellino'' (Walls Tower-Gate), the most ancient monument in the city (1212). *The ''Chiesa della Misericordia'' (early 13th century). It houses a precious 15th century crucifix. *The ''Cassero Pisano''(Castle). It is formed by two distinct building, the Fortress, built under [[Cosimo I de' Medici]] (1552-53), and the Cassero (late 15th century), the latter used as military jail until 1959. *The ''Palazzo Comunale'' (Town Hall), mostly a modern reconstruction of the ancient ''Palazzo degli Anziani'' (1435). In the Musters Hall, with portraits of the Princes of Piombino. *Chapel of St. Anne, a noteworthy Renaissance work by Guardi. Annexed is the ''Torre Civica'' (Town Tower, 16th century). *The ''Cisterna di Cittadella'' (Citadel's Cistern), also by Guardi. On the sides are the portraits of [[Jacopo III Appiani]] and his son and wife, later disfigured by order of [[Cesare Borgia]]. *''Casa delle Bifore'' (House of the Mullioned Windows, 1280s). *The Natural Province Reserve Padule Orti Bottagone, created in [[1998]], next to the locality of Torre del Sale. ==Other== Piombino has schools, gymnasia (middle school), lyceums (high school), churches, banks, parks and squares. In the locality of Punta Falcone is an astronomical observatory, created in 1976. --> == Kutha kembar == * [[Flémalle]], [[Bèlgi]] == Sajarah sing ndunungi == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Taun !! Populasi |- | [[1861]] || 2,905 |- | [[1871]] || 3,625 |- | [[1881]] || 4,058 |- | [[1901]] || 7,668 |- | [[1911]] || 18,649 |- | [[1921]] || 23,541 |- | [[1931]] || 25,981 |- | [[1936]] || 27,548 |- | [[1951]] || 32,336 |- | [[1961]] || 35,940 |- | [[1971]] || 39,654 |- | [[1981]] || 39,401 |- | [[1991]] || 36,774 |- | [[2001]] || 33,925 |- | [[Dhésèmber 2004|31 Dhésèmber, 2004]] || 34,369 |} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.comune.piombino.li.it situs resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130081245/http://www.comune.piombino.li.it/ |date=2024-01-30 }} * http://www.anpi.it/piombino.html{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{commons-inline|Piombino}} * '''Peta lan foto udara''' ** [http://www.mapquest.com/maps/map.adp?latlongtype=decimal&latitude=42.91667&longitude=10.533&zoom=6 Street map from Mapquest]. [http://maps.msn.com/map.aspx?&lats1=42.91667&lons1=-10.533&alts1=35 MapPoint]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} or [http://maps.google.com/maps?||=42.91667,10.533 Google] ** [http://terraserver.microsoft.com/map.aspx?t=1&s=14&lon=10.533&lat=42.91667&w=750&h=500 Aerial photograph from Microsoft Terraserver] or [http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=42.91667,10.533&spn=0.11,0.18&t=k Google] {{Provinsi Livorno}} <!--[[ja:Piombino]]--> [[Kategori:Kutha ing Toscana]] [[Kategori:Kutha ing Itali]] [[Kategori:Itali]] {{geo-stub}} gspim2sd3tb4gtmg0gd4df6pf7z8rqb 0 22976 1756867 1751052 2026-09-22T11:52:51Z Meursault2004 3 Mbenakaké sawetara 1756867 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Wikipédia basa Jawa|ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦃꦧꦱꦗꦮ}} {{Infobox Website | name = ꧋ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦧꦱꦗꦮ | logo = [[Gambar:Wikipedia-logo-v2-jv-java.svg]]<br>[[Gambar:Wikipedia-logo-v2-jv.svg]] | screenshot = [[Gambar:Wikipedia Jawa-2021-05-01.png|240px]] | caption = ''Screenshot'' Wikipédia basa Jawa ing tanggal 1 Mèi 2021 | url = {{URL|https://jv.wikipedia.org}} | commercial = Ora | type = ꧋ꦧꦲꦸꦮꦂꦤ꧀ꦤ ꦎꦤ꧀ꦭꦺꦤ꧀ | language = ꧋ꦧꦱꦗꦮ | registration = ꧋ꦩꦤꦰꦸꦏ | owner = ꧋ꦪꦺꦪꦱꦤ꧀ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦩꦺꦝꦶꦪ | author = | launch date = 8 Maret 2004 ꧘꧇ꦩꦉꦠ꧀꧇꧒꧐꧒꧔ | current status = | revenue = }} '''Wikipédia basa Jawa''' ([[Aksara Carakan|Carakan]]: ꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦃꦧꦱꦗꦮ) iku gagrag basa Jawa [[bauwarna]] gumathuk [[Wikipédia]]. Artikel utawa léma kapisané yaiku [[Basa Jawa]], kang tinulis ing tanggal [[8 Maret]] [[2004]]<ref> * Artikel kapisan yaiku [[Basa Jawa]], déning Meursault2004, tanggal 8 Maret. * Nanging kuwi besutan ka-8. Wonten 7 besutan sakderenge Artikel paling pertama: * Nomer 7: [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pendhapa&diff=prev&oldid=7 besutan Meursault ing Kaca Utama] - 8 Maret * Nomer 6: [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cithakan:All_messages&diff=prev&oldid=4742 besutan bot ing Cithakan:All_messages] - 22 Februari * Nomer 5: [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pendhapa&diff=prev&oldid=5 besutan anonim sing nerjemahne Kaca Utama] 15 Februari * Nomer 4: [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cithakan:All_messages&oldid=4 besutan bot ing Cithakan:All_messages] - 29 Januari 2004 * besutan kapisan sing kacathet yaiku tanggal 23 Januari 2003 [https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pendhapa&oldid=1] déning [[Naraguna:Patrick]] ([[Mirunggan:Pasumbanging_naraguna/Patrick|1 pasumbangan]])</ref>. Tekan saiki ({{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}), wis ana {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} artikel ing Wikipédia basa Jawa. Wikipédia basa Jawa lumrahé mèlu paugeran-paugeran Wikipédia basa Inggris lan Wikipédia basa Indonésia. Ing Wikipédia basa Jawa kabèh artikel uga kudu ditulis mawa [[Wikipédia:Cara ndeleng nétral]] utawa ing basa Inggris diarani ''Neutral Point of View''. Mirunggan Wikipédia basa Jawa yaiku akèh ngamot artikel-artikel bab prakara Kajawèn, mligi bab basa, sastra lan budaya Jawa. == Naraguna aktif == Naraguna mobah Wikipédia Jawa wiwité mligi pancèn saka [[Tanah Jawa]], nanging lumrahé manggon lan ngaksès Wikipédia saka [[Jakarta]]. Yèn dibandhingaké karo Wikipédia basa Indonésia, Wikipédia basa Jawa cacahé naraguna kang kapratelan, saya manèh naraguna kang mobah sithik banget, yaiku nganti dina iki mung ana {{NUMBEROFUSERS}} naraguna kapratelan. Kamangka yèn dideleng saka cacahé penutur, basa Jawa iki penutur ibuné ana kurang luwih 60 yuta jiwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2012/05/23/55eca38b7fe0830834605b35/kewarganegaraan-suku-bangsa-agama-dan-bahasa-sehari-hari-penduduk-indonesia.htm|title=Badan Pusat Statistik|website=www.bps.go.id|access-date=2020-10-13}}</ref> == Cara nulis == Pasang aksara utawa pangéjaan kang dinggo ing Wikipédia basa Jawa iku dhedhasar ''Ejaan resmi basa Jawa'' miturut ''Pusat Basa'' ing [[Yogyakarta|Ngayogyakarta]] weton taun [[1991]]. Nanging ana prabédan utama dienggo ing sawatara kalawarti basa Jawa. Ing Wikipédia basa Jawa, minangka sawijining bauwarna, pasang aksara kang dienggo iku mèmper pasang aksara kang dienggo nulis ing [[bausastra]]. Dadi antara 'e' pepet lan 'é' (utawa 'è') taling dibédakaké. Dadi séjé karo kalawarti ing ngendi pepet lan taling ditulis padha waé minangka 'e' nglegena. == Tuwuhing artikel == {{Tuwuhing-artikel}} == Proyèk liya == Saliyané Wikipédia, ana rong proyèk Wikimédia édhisi basa Jawa liyané, yaiku Wikisastra (Wiktionary) lan Wikisumber (Wikisource). Sapréné {{Pranala|1=[https://jv.wiktionary.org Wikisastra Jawa]}} ndarbèni punjul {{Round|{{Rounddown|{{NUMBEROF|articles|jv.wiktionary}}|-3}}}} èntri, wondéné {{Pranala|1=[https://jv.wikisource.org Wikisumber Jawa]}} ndarbèni punjul {{Round|{{Rounddown|{{NUMBEROF|articles|jv.wikisource}}|-2}}}} layang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jv.wiktionary.org/wiki/Mirunggan:Setatistik|title=Setatistik|website=jv.wiktionary.org|publisher=Wiktionary basa Jawa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jv.wikisource.org/wiki/Mirunggan:Setatistik|title=Setatistik|website=jv.wikisource.org|publisher=Wikisource basa Jawa}}</ref> == Gladri == <gallery> Gambar:Wikipedia-logo-jv.png|Logo Wikipédia basa Jawa taun 2007–2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaca_Utama|title=Arsip Wikipédia basa Jawa tanggal 10 Juni 2007|website=Internet Archive|date=2007-06-10|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2007-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610134658/http://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaca_Utama|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref name="jvwiki-2012">{{Cite web|url=http://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaca_Utama|title=Arsip Wikipédia basa Jawa tanggal 29 Oktober 2012|website=Internet Archive|date=2012-10-29|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2012-10-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029160452/http://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaca_Utama|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> Gambar:Wikipedia-logo-v2-jv.png|Logo Wikipédia basa Jawa taun 2012–2020.<ref name="jvwiki-2012" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepas|title=Arsip Wikipédia bahasa Jawa tanggal 29 Mèi 2020|website=Internet Archive|date=2020-05-29|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2020-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529053022/https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepas|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> Gambar:Kaca Utama Wikipedia Jawa 24-2-2008.jpg|''Screenshot'' Wikipédia basa Jawa ing tanggal 24 Fèbruari 2008. Gambar:Wikipedia Jawa-2020-05-29.png|''Screenshot'' Wikipédia basa Jawa ing tanggal 29 Mèi 2020. </gallery> == Deleng uga == * [[Wikipédia:Wara-wara]] == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/jv.wikipedia.org Setatistik Wikipédia Jawa] * [https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesWikipediaJV.htm Setatistik Wikipédia Jawa 2004–2018] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324164403/https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesWikipediaJV.htm |date=2023-03-24 }} [[Kategori:Wikipedia]] rjkl4ew8kyu9sdqpfyekjkkl1ihlt93 0 26259 1756850 1748963 2026-09-22T02:51:47Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1756850 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pulitik}} '''Pilihan umum Indonésia 2004''' iku [[pemilu]] pisanan sing ngéntukaké rakyat milih [[présidhèn]] kanthi langsung, lan cara pamilihané nyata-nyata béda karo Pemilu sadurungé. Ing Pemilu iki, rakyat bisa milih langsung présidhèn lan [[wakil présidhèn]] (sadurungé présidhèn lan wakil présidhèn dipilih déning [[MPR]] sing anggota-anggotané dipilih liwat Présidhèn). Saliyané iku, ing Pemilu iki pamilihan présidhèn lan wakil présidhèn tidak dilakukan kanthi terpisah (seperti Pemilu 1999) -- sajeroning Pemilu iki, sing dipilih yaiku pasangan calon (pasangan calon présidhèn lan wakil présidhèn), bukan calon présidhèn lan calon wakil présidhèn kanthi terpisah. = Pentahapan Pemilu 2004 = Pemilu iki dipérang maksimal dadi telung tahap (minimal rong tahap): * Tahap pisanan (utawa "Pemilu lègislatif") yaiku Pemilu kanggo milih [[parté pulitik]] (kanggo persyaratan Pemilu présidhèn) lan anggotané kanggo dicalonaké dadi anggota [[DPR]], [[DPRD]], lan [[DPD]]. Tahap pisanan iki wis ditindakaké tanggal [[5 April]] 2004. * Tahap kapidho (utawa "Pemilu présidhèn ubengan pisanan") yaiku kanggo milih pasangan calon présidhèn lan wakil présidhèn kanthi langsung. Tahap kaloro iki wis ditindakaké tanggal [[5 Juli]] 2004. * Tahap katelu (utawa "Pemilu présidhèn ubengan kaloro") yaiku babak pungkasan sing ditindakaké ''mung'' yèn sajeroning tahap kaloro durung ana pasangan calon sing olèh swara paling ora 50 persèn (Yèn kahanané mangkono, rong pasangan calon sing olèh swara paling akèh bakal mèlu Pemilu présidhèn ubengan kaloro. Nanging, yèn sajeroning Pemilu présidhèn ubengan pisanan wis ana pasangan calon sing olèh swara punjul 50 persèn, pasangan calon mau bakal langsung diangkat dadi présidhèn lan wakil présidhèn). Tahap katelu iki wis ditindakaké tanggal [[20 September]] 2004. = Partisipasi pihak jaba = Ing ngisor iki sawatara partisipasi pihak jaba (maksudé pihak sing dudu lembaga pamaréntah) sajeroning Pemilu 2004: == Pétungan swara pihak jaba == Sajeroning Pemilu 2004 iki ana sawijining trèn (anyar) yaiku pihak-pihak jaba mèlu partisipasi ngitung swara. Pihak-pihak mau yaiku saliyané saka para calon, uga saka médhia mangsa, lembaga-lembaga indepènden, lan uga saka lembaga-lembaga manca nagara. Pihak-pihak mau antarané yaiku: * Saka racaké calon, * Saka [[LP3ES]], ''[[National Democratic Institute for International Affairs|NDI]]'', lan [[MetroTV]] (kanthi sitem pètungan rikat [[Itung Cepet]] ''quick count''), * Saka [[Forum ITB 73|Forum ITB 73 (Fortuga)]] lan [http://astaga.com/ Astaga.com] (kanthi [[Pusat Tabulasi Nasional Independen]]), * Lll. == Lembaga pamantau Pemilu 2004 == Saliyané dipantau déning [[KPU|Komisi Pemilihan Umum]] dhéwé, Pemilu 2004 iki uga dipantau déning sawatara lembaga saka jero lan manca nagara. Ing ngisor iki pratélan lembaga-lembaga pemantau Pemilu 2004 sing kaakreditasi déning KPU (lembaga pamaréntah ora kalebu): Lembaga-lembaga saka jero nagara: [http://www.kpu.go.id/pemantaunas/link/PemantauPilpresDN.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930225237/http://www.kpu.go.id/pemantaunas/link/PemantauPilpresDN.htm |date=2007-09-30 }} * Pemantau Buruh Independen Pemilu (PBIP), * Yayasan Mustika Nagara Républik Indonésia (JAMUS NEGRI), * Lembaga Independent Pemantau Pemilu (LIPPI), * Forum Peduli Indonésia (FOPIN), * Masarakat lan Persatuan Wartawan Indonésia Pemantau Pemilihan Umum (MAPILU-PWI), * Komite Pemantau Pemilu Rakyat Miskin (KPP-PRAKIN), * Masarakat Peduli Pemilu (MAPELU), * Forum Komunikasi Penerus Pejuang Kemerdekaan Indonésia (FKPPK), * Pemantau Independent Pemilu Indonésia (PIPI), * Persatuan Wartawan Independen Indonésia-Setia Press (PWII-SP), * LPAB-Yapernus, * Komite Pemantau Pemilu-Garda Santri Nusantara (KPP-GARSANTARA), * Pro Sosial Pengkajian Ékonomi Kerakyatan (LSM PROSPEK), * Transparency International Indonésia (TI Indonésia), * Komite Pemantau Pemilu-Korps Alumni Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam (KAHMI), * LSM Patriot Indonésia (LSM-PI), * Indonésian Volunteers Organization Ning Mulya Sejahtera, * Indonésia Corruption Watch (ICW), * Lembaga Penelitian, Wiyata lan Penerangan Ékonomi lan Sosial ([[LP3ES]]), * The Habibie Center, * PM3-UI, * Kemitraan Masarakat Indonésia (KMI), * Komisi Advokasi Pemilihan Umum-Ikatan Penasehat Hukum Indonésia (KAPU-IPHI), * Bina Swadaya (Yayasan Pengembangan Swadaya Masarakat), * Forum Rektor Indonésia (Yayasan Pengembangan Swadaya Masarakat), * Lembaga Kajian lan Informasi Pemilu (LKIP), * Jaringan Masarakat Pemantau Pemilu (JAMPPI), * Jaringan Wiyata Pemilih Untuk Rakyat (JPPR), * Konsorsium 9 LSM]]. Lembaga-lembaga saka manca nagara: [http://www.kpu.go.id/pemantaunas/link/PemantauPilpresLN.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930230116/http://www.kpu.go.id/pemantaunas/link/PemantauPilpresLN.htm |date=2007-09-30 }} * European Union Electoral Observation Mission (EU-EOM), * National Democratic Institute for International Affairs (NDI), * International Foundation for Election System (IFES), * The Asia Foundation, * The Carter Center, * Australian Electoral Commission (AEC), * Asian Network for Free Election (ANFREL), * International Republican Institute (IRI), * Taiwan Association for Human Rights. = Pemilu Legislatif 2004 = Pemilu lègislatif yaiku tahap pisanan saka rangkéan tahapan Pemilu 2004. Pemilu lègislatif iki diiloni déning 24 parté pulitik, lan wis ditindakaké tanggal [[5 April]] 2004. Pemilu iki kanggo milih parté pulitik (minangka syarat Pemilu présidhèn) lan anggotané kanggo dicalonaké dadi anggota DPR, DPRD, lan DPD. Parté-parté pulitik sing olèh swara luwih gedhé utawa padha karo telung persèn bisa nyalonaké pasangan calon kanggo maju menyang tahap sabanjuré, yaiku sajeroning Pemilu présidhèn ubengan pisanan. == Peserta Pemilu Legislatif 2004 == Pemilu lègislatif sajeroning Pemilu 2004 iki diiloni 24 parté pulitik, yaiku: * [[Parté Nasional Indonésia Marhaenisme]], * [[Parté Buruh Sosial Dhémokrat]], * [[Parté Bulan Bintang]], * [[Parté Merdeka]], * [[Parté Persatuan Pangyasa]], * [[Parté Persatuan Dhémokrasi Kebangsaan]], * [[Parté Perhimpunan Indonésia Baru]], * [[Parté Nasional Banteng Kemerdekaan]], * [[Parté Dhémokrat]], * [[Parté Keadilan lan Persatuan Indonésia]], * [[Parté Penegak Dhémokrasi Indonésia]], * [[Parté Persatuan Nahdlatul Ummah Indonésia]], * [[Parté Amanat Nasional]], * [[Parté Karya Peduli Bangsa]], * [[Parté Kebangkitan Bangsa]], * [[Parté Keadilan Sejahtera]], * [[Parté Bintang Reformasi]], * [[Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan]], * [[Parté Damai Sejahtera]], * [[Parté Golongan Karya]], * [[Parté Patriot Pancasila]], * [[Parté Sarikat Indonésia]], * [[Parté Persatuan Laladan]], * [[Parté Pelopor]]. == Kasil Pemilu Legislatif 2004 == Kasil Pemilu lègislatif sajeroning Pemilu 2004 yaiku: [http://www.kpu.go.id/swara/hasilsuara_dpr_sah.php]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Tabel kasil perolehan swara saben parté pulitik: {| class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="2" ! Nomer Urut !! Jeneng Parté Pulitik !! Gunggung Swara !! Persèn !! Gunggung Kursi |- | align="right" | 1. || PNI Marhaenisme || align="right" | 923.159 || align="right" | 0,81% || align="right" | 1 |- | align="right" | 2. || Parté Buruh Sosial Dhémokrat || align="right" | 636.397 || align="right" | 0,56% || align="right" | 0 |- | align="right" | '''3.''' || '''Parté Bulan Bintang''' || align="right" | '''2.970.487''' || align="right" | '''2,62%''' || align="right" | '''11''' |- | align="right" | 4. || Parté Merdeka || align="right" | 842.541 || align="right" | 0,74% || align="right" | 0 |- | align="right" | '''5.''' || '''Parté Persatuan Pangyasa''' || align="right" | '''9.248.764''' || align="right" | '''8,15%''' || align="right" | '''58''' |- | align="right" | 6. || Parté Persatuan Dhémokrasi Kebangsaan || align="right" | 1.313.654 || align="right" | 1,16% || align="right" | 5 |- | align="right" | 7. || Parté Perhimpunan Indonésia Baru || align="right" | 672.952 || align="right" | 0,59% || align="right" | 0 |- | align="right" | 8. || Parté Nasional Banteng Kemerdekaan || align="right" | 1.230.455 || align="right" | 1,08% || align="right" | 1 |- | align="right" | '''9.''' || '''Parté Dhémokrat''' || align="right" | '''8.455.225''' || align="right" | '''7,45%''' || align="right" | '''57''' |- | align="right" | '''10.''' || '''Parté Keadilan dan Persatuan Indonésia''' || align="right" | '''1.424.240''' || align="right" | '''1,26%''' || align="right" | '''1''' |- | align="right" | 11. || Parté Penegak Dhémokrasi Indonésia || align="right" | 855.811 || align="right" | 0,75% || align="right" | 1 |- | align="right" | 12. || Parté Persatuan Nahdlatul Ummah Indonésia || align="right" | 895.610 || align="right" | 0,79% || align="right" | 0 |- | align="right" | '''13.''' || '''Parté Amanat Nasional''' || align="right" | '''7.303.324''' || align="right" | '''6,44%''' || align="right" | '''52''' |- | align="right" | 14. || Parté Karya Peduli Bangsa || align="right" | 2.399.290 || align="right" | 2,11% || align="right" | 2 |- | align="right" | '''15.''' || '''Parté Kebangkitan Bangsa (*)''' || align="right" | '''11.989.564''' || align="right" | '''10,57%''' || align="right" | '''52''' |- | align="right" | 16. || Parté Keadilan Sejahtera || align="right" | 8.325.020 || align="right" | 7,34% || align="right" | '''45''' |- | align="right" | 17. || Parté Bintang Reformasi || align="right" | 2.764.998 || align="right" | 2,44% || align="right" | 13 |- | align="right" | '''18.''' || '''Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan''' || align="right" | '''21.026.629''' || align="right" | '''18,53%''' || align="right" | '''109''' |- | align="right" | 19. || Parté Damai Sejahtera || align="right" | 2.414.254 || align="right" | 2,13% || align="right" | 12 |- | align="right" | '''20.''' || '''Parté Golongan Karya''' || align="right" | '''24.480.757''' || align="right" | '''21,58%''' || align="right" | '''128''' |- | align="right" | 21. || Parté Patriot Pancasila || align="right" | 1.073.139 || align="right" | 0,95% || align="right" | 0 |- | align="right" | 22. || Parté Sarikat Indonésia || align="right" | 679.296 || align="right" | 0,60% || align="right" | 0 |- | align="right" | 23. || Parté Persatuan Laladan || align="right" | 657.916 || align="right" | 0,58% || align="right" | 0 |- | align="right" | 24. || Parté Pelopor || align="right" | 878.932 || align="right" | 0,77% || align="right" | 2 |- ! JUMLAH<br />SWARA SAH | || align="right" | 113.462.414 || align="right" | 100,00% || align="right" | 550 |} Perbandingan gunggung pamilih sing swarané sah karo gunggung pamilih sing swarané ora sah: {| class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="2" ! Pamilih !! Jumlah !! Persentase |- ! Swara Sah | align="right" | 113.462.414 || align="right" | 91,19% |- ! Swara Ora Sah | align="right" | 10.957.925 || align="right" | 8,81% |- ! TOTAL<br />PAMILIH | align="right" | 124.420.339 || align="right" | 100,00% |} Perbandingan gunggung pamilih (kalebu swara ora sah) karo gunggung wong sing ora migunakaké hak pilihé ([[golput]]): {| class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="2" ! Jinis !! Gunggung !! Persèntase |- ! Milih | align="right" | 124.420.339 || align="right" | 84,07% |- ! Golput | align="right" | 23.580.030 || align="right" | 15,93% |- ! GRAND<br />TOTAL | align="right" | 148.000.369 || align="right" | 100,00% |} Saka kasil Pemilu lègislatif ing dhuwur, bisa dititèni akèhé gunggung swara sing ora sah, yaiku 10 yuta swara (8,81%) saka total gunggung pamilih, yaiku 124.420.339 jiwa. Saliyané iku, bisa dititèni uga akèhé calon pemilih sing ora migunakaké hak pilih (golput), yaiku 24 yuta calon pemilih (15,93%) saka total gunggung calon pemilih, yaiku 148 yuta sing ndunungi. [http://www.info-ri.com/news.asp?id=9120] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080120201417/http://www.info-ri.com/news.asp?id=9120 |date=2008-01-20 }} '''CATHETAN:''' * Parté sing '''dikandelaké'' yaiku parté sing nyalonaké pasangan calon présidhèn lan calon wakil présidhèn sajeroning pemilu présidhèn 2004. * '''(*)''' Parté Kebangkitan Bangsa nyalonaké pasangan calon kanggo maju menyang pemilu présidhèn, yaiku [[Abdurrahman Wahid|KH. Abdurrahman Wahid]] lan [[Marwah Daud Ibrahim]]. Nanging,amarga kasil pamriksaan kaséhatan déning IDI (sing dadi sarat sing kudu dipenuhi) nyatakaké yèn calon présidhèn Parté Kebangkitan Bangsa yaiku KH. Abdurrahman Wahid dianggep ora memenuhi sarat kamampuan jasmani lan rohani, Parté Kebangkitan Bangsa ora bisa nyalonaké pasangan caloné. Nampa kaputusan mau, Abdurrahman Wahid mutusaké nggugat IDI lan KPU gedhéné sak triliun rupiah amarga KPU dianggep wis ngrampas haké kanggo dipilih sajeroning pancalonan minangka Présidhèn RI sajeroning Pemilu 5 Juli sing bakal teka. [http://www.kompas.com/utama/news/0405/24/165011.htm] = Pemilu Présidhèn Puteran Pisanan 2004 = Sawisé Pemilu lègislatif rampung, parté sing duwé swara luwih gedhé utawa padha karo telung persèn, bisa nyalonaké pasangan calon présidhèn lan wakil présidhèn kanggo maju menyang Pemilu présidhèn puteran pisanan. Yèn sajeroning Pemilu iki ora ana pasangan calon sing olèh swara punjul 50 persèn, pasangan calon iku langsung diangkat dadi présidhèn lan wakil présidhèn. Sabanjuré, Pemilu présidhèn ubengan kaloro bakal diadani kanthi loro pasangan calon kanthi swara paling akèh. Pemilu présidhèn puteran pisanan 2004 iki diiloni déning 5 pasangan calon présidhèn lan wakil présidhèn, lan wis diadani tanggal [[5 Juli]] [[2004]]. Kasil pemilu iki dhéwé wis diumumaké tanggal [[26 Juli]] [[2004]], kanthi kasil isih perlu dianakaké pemilu présidhèn ubengan kaloro amarga durung anané pasangan calon sing ngéntukaké swara paling ora 50 persèn. == Peserta Pemilu Présidhèn Puteran Pisanan 2004 == Ana limang pasangan calon présidhèn lan calon wakil présidhèn sing dicalonaké ing pemilu présidhèn puteran pisanan yaiku: * [[Wiranto|H. Wiranto, SH.]] lan [[Salahuddin Wahid|Ir. H. Salahuddin Wahid]] (dicalonaké déning Parté Golongan Karya), * [[Megawati Soekarnoputri|Hj. Megawati Soekarnoputri]] lan [[Hasyim Muzadi|KH. Ahmad Hasyim Muzadi]] (dicalonaké déning Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan), * [[Amien Rais|Prof. Dr. HM. Amien Rais]] lan [[Siswono Yudo Husodo|Dr. Ir. H. Siswono Yudo Husodo]] (dicalonaké déning Parté Amanat Nasional), * [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono|H. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]] lan [[Jusuf Kalla|Drs. H. Muhammad Jusuf Kalla]] (dicalonaké déning Parté Dhémokrat, Parté Bulan Bintang, lan Parté Persatuan lan Kesatuan Indonésia), * [[Hamzah Haz|Dr. H. Hamzah Haz]] lan [[Agum Gumelar|H. Agum Gumelar, M.Sc.]] (dicalonaké déning Parté Persatuan Pangyasa). == Kasil Pemilu Présidhèn Putaran Pisanan 2004 == Kasil Pemilu présidhèn puteran pisanan wis rampung diitung lan wis diumumaké déning KPU tanggal [[26 Juli]] [[2004]]. Ing ngisor iki kasil pètungan: [http://www.kpu.go.id/berita/lihat-dalam.php?ID=625&cat=Berita] Tabel kasil swara saben pasangan calon: {| class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="2" ! Nomer Urut !! Jeneng Pasangan Calon Présidhèn<br />lan Calon Wakil Présidhèn !! Jumlah Swara !! Persentase |- | align="right" | 1. || H. Wiranto, SH.<br />Ir. H. Salahuddin Wahid || align="right" | 26.286.788 || align="right" | 22,15% |- | align="right" | '''2.''' || '''Hj. Megawati Soekarnoputri'''<br />'''KH. Ahmad Hasyim Muzadi''' || align="right" | '''31.569.104''' || align="right" | '''26,61%''' |- | align="right" | 3. || Prof. Dr. HM. Amien Rais<br />Dr. Ir. H. Siswono Yudohusodo || align="right" | 17.392.931 || align="right" | 14,66% |- | align="right" | '''4.''' || '''H. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono'''<br />'''Drs. H. Muhammad Jusuf Kalla''' || align="right" | '''39.838.184''' || align="right" | '''33,57%''' |- | align="right" | 5. || Dr. H. Hamzah Haz<br />H. Agum Gumelar, M.Sc. || align="right" | 3.569.861 || align="right" | 3,01% |- ! JUMLAH<br />SWARA SAH | || align="right" | 119.656.868 || align="right" | 100,00% |} Perbandingan gunggung pamilih sing swarané sah karo gunggung pamilih sing swarané ora sah: {| class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="2" ! Pamilih !! Gunggung !! Persentase |- ! Swara Sah | align="right" | 119.656.868 || align="right" | 97,84% |- ! Swara Ora Sah | align="right" | 2.636.976 || align="right" | 2,16% |- ! TOTAL<br />PAMILIH | align="right" | 122.293.844 || align="right" | 100,00% |} Perbandingan gunggung pamilih (kalebu swara ora sah) karo gunggung wong sing ora migunakaké hak pilihé (golput): {| class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="2" ! Jinis !! Gunggung !! Persèntase |- ! Milih | align="right" | 122.293.844 || align="right" | 79,76% |- ! Golput | align="right" | 31.026.700 || align="right" | 20,24% |- ! GRAND<br />TOTAL | align="right" | 153.320.544 || align="right" | 100,00% |} Saka kasil pemilu présidhèn puteran pisanan ing dhuwur, bisa dititèni gunggungé swara sing ora sah mudhun drastis (yèn dibandingaké karo pemilu lègislatif sing kapungkur, 10 yuta swara), yaiku mung 2 yuta swara waé (2,16%) saka total gunggung pamilih (122.293.844 pamilih). Saliyané iku, bisa dititèni uga tansaya akèh calon pamilih sing ora migunakaké hak pilih (golput), yaiku 31 yuta calon pamilih (20,24%) saka total gunggung calon pamilih (153 yuta sing ndunungi). [http://www.info-ri.com/news.asp?id=9120] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080120201417/http://www.info-ri.com/news.asp?id=9120 |date=2008-01-20 }} Saliyané iku, mundhaké gunggung calon pamilih (watara 5 yuta pamilih) sing, dijurung kanthi mudhuné gunggung swara ora sah (mudhun watara 8 yuta swara ora sah), ndadèkaké mundhaking gunggung pamilih kanthi swara sah (mundhak watara 6 yuta swara sah). '''CATHETAN:''' * Pasangan calon sing '''dikandelaké''' iku pasangan calon sing lolos menyang pemilu présidhèn ubengan kaloro (mung rong pasangan calon kanthi swara paling akèh sing lolos). = Pemilu Présidhèn Puteran Kaloro 2004 = Saka kasil Pemilu présidhèn puteran pisanan ing dhuwur, yaiku durung anané pasangan calon sing olèh swara punjul 50 persèn, banjur dianakaké Pemilu présidhèn ubengan kaloro 2004. Pasangan-pasangan calon sing mèlu Pemilu présidhèn puteran kaloro 2004 yaiku rong pasangan calon kanthi swara paling akèh sajeroning Pemilu présidhèn puteran pisanan 2004. Pemilu iki dianakaké tanggal [[20 September]] [[2004]]. == Peserta Pemilu Présidhèn Puteran Kaloro 2004 == Ana rong pasangan calon présidhèn lan wakil présidhèn (sing olèh swara paling akèh sajeroning Pemilu présidhèn puteran pisanan) sing dicalonaké ing Pemilu présidhèn puteran kaloro 2004, yaiku: * [[Megawati Soekarnoputri|Hj. Megawati Soekarnoputri]] lan [[Hasyim Muzadi|KH. Ahmad Hasyim Muzadi]] (dicalonaké déning Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan), * [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono|H. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]] lan [[Jusuf Kalla|Drs. H. Muhammad Jusuf Kalla]] (dicalonaké déning Parté Dhémokrat, Parté Bulan Bintang, lan Parté Keadilan lan Persatuan Indonésia). == Kasil Pemilu Présidhèn Puteran Kaloro 2004 == Kasil Pemilu présidhèn puteran kaloro wis rampung diitung lan wis diumumaké déning KPU tanggal [[4 Oktober]] [[2004]] liwat Kaputusan KPU nomer 98/SK/KPU/2004 [http://www.kpu.go.id/peraturan_uu/KepKPU_98_Thn2004.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930231631/http://www.kpu.go.id/peraturan_uu/KepKPU_98_Thn2004.htm |date=2007-09-30 }}. Ing ngisor iki kasil pètungané: [http://www.kpu.go.id/berita/lihat-dalam.php?ID=710&cat=Berita] Tabel kasil swara saben pasangan calon: {| class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="2" ! Nomer Urut !! Jeneng Pasangan Calon Présidhèn<br />lan Calon Wakil Présidhèn !! Gunggung Swara !! Persèntase |- | align="right" | 2. || Hj. Megawati Soekarnoputri<br />KH. Ahmad Hasyim Muzadi || align="right" | 44.990.704 || align="right" | 39,38% |- | align="right" | '''4.''' || '''H. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono'''<br />'''Drs. H. Muhammad Jusuf Kalla''' || align="right" | '''69.266.350''' || align="right" | '''60,62%''' |- ! GUNGGUNG<br />SWARA SAH | || align="right" | 114.257.054 || align="right" | 100,00% |} Perbandingan gunggung pamilih sing swarané sah karo gunggung pamilih sing swarané ora sah: {| class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="2" ! Pamilih !! Gunggung !! Persèntase |- ! Swara Sah | align="right" | 114.257.054 || align="right" | 97,94% |- ! Swara Ora Sah | align="right" | 2.405.651 || align="right" | 2,06% |- ! TOTAL<br />PAMILIH | align="right" | 116.662.705 || align="right" | 100,00% |} Perbandingan gunggung pamilih (kalebu swara ora sah) karo gunggung wong sing ora migunakaké hak pilihé (golput): {| class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="2" ! Jinis !! Jumlah !! Persèntase |- ! Milih | align="right" | 116.662.705 || align="right" | 77,44% |- ! Golput | align="right" | 33.981.479 || align="right" | 22,56% |- ! GRAND<br />TOTAL | align="right" | 150.644.184 || align="right" | 100,00% |} Saka kasil pemilu présidhèn puteran kaloro ing dhuwur, bisa dititèni akèhé swara sing ora sah kurang luwih padha (yèn dibandingaké karo pemilu lègislatif sadurungé 10 yuta swara), yaiku mung 2 yuta swara waé (2,06%) saka total gunggung pamilih, yaiku 116.662.705 pamilih. Saliyané iku, bisa dititèni uga tansaya akèhé calon pamilih sing ora migunakaké hak pilih (golput), yaiku 34 yuta calon pamilih (22,56%) saka total gunggung calon pamilih 150 yuta sing ndunungi. Bisa dititèni uga, mudhuné jumlah calon pamilih sing ndadèkaké mudhuné gunggung pamilih (pamilih mudhun watara 6 yuta, déné calon pamilih mudhun watara 3 yuta). Miturut kasil pemilu présidhèn puteran kaloro ing dhuwur, pasangan calon pemenang Pemilu, yaiku Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono lan Jusuf Kalla, dadi Présidhèn lan Wakil Présidhèn RI. Pelantikané tanggal [[20 Oktober]] [[2004]] déning [[MPR]], sajeroning sawijining acara pelantikan sing - kanggo pisanan - dirawuhi pamimpin-pamimpin nagara sahabat, yaiku: [[Perdhana Mentri|PM]] [[Australia]] [[John Howard]], PM [[Singapura]] [[Lee Hsien Loong]], PM [[Malaysia]] [[Abdullah Ahmad Badawi]], PM [[Timor Leste]] [[Mari Alkatiri]], lan [[Sultan]] [[Brunei]] [[Hassanal Bolkiah]] sarta 5 utusan-utusan nagara lyané. Présidhèn sadurungé, Megawati Soekarnoputri ora ngrawuhi acara pelantikan mau. Wenginé, watara jam 23.50 WIB, Présidhèn Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono mbiwara anggota kabinèt sing anyar, yaiku [[Kabinet Indonésia Bersatu]]. == Deleng uga == * [[Pulitik]] * [[Parté pulitik]] * [[Pemilu ing Indonésia]] * [[Pilihan umum Indonésia 1955]] * [[Pilihan umum Indonésia 1971]] * [[Pilihan umum Indonésia 1977-1997]] * [[Pilihan umum Indonésia 1999]] * [[Pilihan umum Legislatif Indonésia 2009]] == Pranala njaba == === Situs lembaga-lembaga pamaréntah === * [http://www.depdagri.go.id/ Departemen Dalam Negeri (Depdagri)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816151741/http://www.depdagri.go.id/ |date=2018-08-16 }} * Komisi Pemilihan Umum (KPU) (tersedia dalam [http://www.kpu.go.id/ Basa Indonésia] lan [http://www.kpu.go.id/english Basa Inggris] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040715085616/http://www.kpu.go.id/english/ |date=2004-07-15 }}) * [http://tnp.kpu.go.id/ Tabulasi Nasional Pemilu (TNP) KPU] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202194520/http://tnp.kpu.go.id/ |date=2007-02-02 }} * [http://www.panwaslu.org/ Panitia Pengawas Pemilihan Umum (Panwaslu)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120094306/http://www.panwaslu.org/ |date=2008-11-20 }} === Situs parté-parté pulitik === * [http://dpp-pni.tripod.com/ PNI Marhaenisme] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720050738/http://dpp-pni.tripod.com/ |date=2008-07-20 }} * [http://www.pbsd.or.id/ Parté Buruh Sosial Dhémokrat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050129200331/http://pbsd.or.id/ |date=2005-01-29 }} * [http://www.pbb-online.org/ Parté Bulan Bintang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080621160152/http://www.pbb-online.org/ |date=2008-06-21 }} * [http://www.partémerdeka.or.id/ Parté Merdeka]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.ppp.or.id/ Parté Persatuan Pembangunan] * [http://www.google.com/search?q="Parté+Persatuan+Dhémokrasi+Kebangsaan"&amp;hl=id Parté Persatuan Dhémokrasi Kebangsaan]'''*''' * [http://parté-pib.or.id/ Parté Perhimpunan Indonésia Baru]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.pnbk.i-p.com/ Parté Nasional Banteng Kemerdekaan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051017212244/http://www.pnbk.i-p.com/ |date=2005-10-17 }} * [http://www.dhémokrat.or.id/ Parté Dhémokrat]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.google.com/search?q="Parté+Keadilan+dan+Persatuan+Indonésia"&amp;hl=id Parté Keadilan dan Persatuan Indonésia]'''*''' * [http://www.google.com/search?q="Parté+Penegak+Dhémokrasi+Indonésia"&amp;hl=id Parté Penegak Dhémokrasi Indonésia] * [http://www.ppnui.com/ Parté Persatuan Nahdlatul Ummah Indonésia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041204233818/http://ppnui.com/ |date=2004-12-04 }} * [http://www.google.com/search?q="Parté+Amanat+Nasional"&amp;hl=id Parté Amanat Nasional]'''*''' * [http://www.google.com/search?q="Parté+Karya+Peduli+Bangsa"&amp;hl=id Parté Karya Peduli Bangsa]'''*''' * [http://www.kebangkitanbangsa.org/ Parté Kebangkitan Bangsa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821104930/http://www.kebangkitanbangsa.org/ |date=2008-08-21 }} * [http://www.pk-sejahtera.org/ Parté Keadilan Sejahtera] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517184417/http://pk-sejahtera.org/ |date=2008-05-17 }} * [http://www.pbr.or.id/ Parté Bintang Reformasi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080602131607/http://www.pbr.or.id/ |date=2008-06-02 }} * [http://www.pdiperjuangan.or.id/ Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508004446/http://www.pdiperjuangan.or.id/ |date=2017-05-08 }} * [http://www.partédamaisejahtera.com/ Parté Damai Sejahtera]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.parté-golkar.or.id/ Parté Golongan Karya]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.patriotpancasila.org/ Parté Patriot Pancasila] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050202235552/http://www.patriotpancasila.org/ |date=2005-02-02 }} * [http://www.psi.online.or.id/ Parté Sarikat Indonésia]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.google.com/search?q="Parté+Persatuan+Laladan"&amp;hl=id Parté Persatuan Laladan]'''*''' * [http://www.partépelopor.or.id/ Parté Pelopor]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} === Situs Capres lan Cawapres === * [http://www.wiranto.com/ H. Wiranto, SH. lan Ir. H. Salahuddin Wahid (Wiranto-Wahid)]'''*''' * [http://megahasyim.com/ Hj. Megawati Soekarnoputri lan KH. Ahmad Hasyim Muzadi (Mega-Hasyim)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081122110021/http://www.megahasyim.com/ |date=2008-11-22 }} * [http://www.tokohindonesia.com/majalah/12/amien-siswono.shtml Prof. Dr. HM. Amien Rais lan Dr. Ir. H. Siswono Yudohusodo (Amien-Siswono)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017214629/http://www.tokohindonesia.com/majalah/12/amien-siswono.shtml |date=2007-10-17 }}'''**''' * [http://www.sby-oke.com/ H. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono lan Drs. H. Muhammad Jusuf Kalla (SBY-JK)] * [http://www.hamzah-agum.com/ Dr. H. Hamzah Haz lan H. Agum Gumelar, M.Sc. (Hamzah-Agum)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041126075249/http://www.hamzah-agum.com/ |date=2004-11-26 }} === Situs LSM-LSM === * [http://www.cetro.or.id/ Centre for Electoral Reform (CETRO)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901163404/https://cetro.or.id/ |date=2023-09-01 }} * [http://www.lp3es.or.id/ Lembaga Penelitian Pendidikan lan Penerangan Ekonomi lan Sosial (LP3ES)] === Situs-situs warta lan informasi Pemilu === * [http://astaga.com/pemilu/ Astaga.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050307185900/http://www.astaga.com/pemilu/ |date=2005-03-07 }} * [http://pemilu.radio68h.com/ Kantor Berita Radio 68h] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828072307/http://pemilu.radio68h.com/ |date=2008-08-28 }} * [http://pemilu2004.goblogmedia.com/ GoblogMedia.com (Blog Pemilu 2004)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009102623/http://pemilu2004.goblogmedia.com/ |date=2023-10-09 }} * [http://swarapemilu.detik.com/ Detik.com]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.kompas.co.id/pemilu/ Kompas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609140726/http://www.kompas.co.id/pemilu/ |date=2007-06-09 }} * [http://pemilu.plasa.com/ TELKOM (Plasa.com)]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Pemilu Indonésia}} [[Kategori:Prastawa 2004]] [[Kategori:Pilihan umum ing Indonésia]] gs67h2kfgssyradf6z72wiqyphmnjyg 0 33845 1756835 1751799 2026-09-21T14:09:47Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1756835 wikitext text/x-wiki : ''Kanggo informasi ngenani kacilakan pesawat tanggal 15 Januari 2009 ing kali iki, pirsani [[US Airways pamaburan 1549]]''. '''Kali Hudson''', uga diarani '''''Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk''''', tegesé ''Great Mohegan'' déning [[Iroquois]],<ref name="Hoffman">{{cite book | last =Hoffman | first =Charles Fenno | title =Wild scenes in the forest and prairie {Chapter II: Ko nea rau neh neh or The Flying Head) | publisher = | date =1839 | location =Original from Oxford University | pages =Page 31 | url =http://books.google.com/books?id=JHoEAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA48&dq=%22The+Flying+Head%22&as_brr=1&ie=ISO-8859-1#PRA1-PA31,M1 | doi = | id = }}</ref><ref name="Abbatt">{{cite book | last =Abbatt | first =William | title =The Magazine of History with Notes and Queries (INDIAN LEGENDS VIII: THE FLYING HEAD A LEGEND OF SACONDAGA LAKE) | publisher = | date =1906 | location =Original from Harvard University | pages =282 | url =http://books.google.com/books?id=x_AOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA282&dq=%22The+Flying+Head%22&as_brr=1&ie=ISO-8859-1 | doi = | id = }}</ref><ref name="Coppée">{{cite book | last =Coppée | first =Henry (edited by) | title =The Classic and the Beautiful from the Literature of Three Thousand Years (THE FLYING HEAD A LEGEND OF SACONDAGA LAKE) | publisher =Carson & Simpson | date =1900 | location =Original from the New York Public Library | pages =220 | url =http://books.google.com/books?id=fL8CAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA224&dq=%22The+Flying+Head%22&as_brr=1&ie=ISO-8859-1#PPA220,M1 | doi = | id = }}</ref> utawa [[Lenape]] pribumi Amérika ngarani Unami, '''''Muhheakantuck''''', '''Θkahnéhtati'''<ref>Rudes, B. ''Tuscarora English Dictionary'' Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999</ref> sajeroning [[Basa Tuscarora]]), iku kali sing dawané 315 mil, sing mili saka lor mangidul ngliwati praja [[New York]] [[AS]] sisih wétan lan dadi wates antara kutha [[New York]] lan [[New Jersey]] ing sungapané kali sing lumebu [[Samodra Atlantik]]. <!-- It is named for [[Henry Hudson]], an [[England|Englishman]] sailing for the [[Dutch East India Company]], who explored it in 1609. The Hudson River was originally named the Mauritius River, which is claimed to be the name given by Hudson in honor of [[Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange|Prince Maurice of Nassau]]. Alternatively, it is said to be the name given by Sixteenth century European adventurers, explorers, and fishermen who knew the river as River Mauritius, 'The River of Mountains'. Early [[Europe]]an settlement of the area clustered around the river. The area inspired the [[Hudson River school]] of painting, a sort of early American pastoral idyll. --> == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} * [http://www.history.rochester.edu/canal/bib/whitford/1906/Chron15.html Chronology - Hudson River] == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.riverkeeper.org/ Hudson Riverkeeper] * [http://www.clearwater.org/ Hudson River Sloop Clearwater] * [http://www.scenichudson.org/ Scenic Hudson] * [http://www.hudsonriver.org/ Hudson River Foundation] * [http://www.riverproject.org/ The River Project] * [http://www.hudsonwatch.net/ HudsonWatch.net -- A Web site dealing with General Electric Company's Hudson River/PCB Cleanup and related matters.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140803063837/http://www.hudsonwatch.net/ |date=2014-08-03 }} * [http://www.hrwa.org/ Hudson River Watertrail Association] * [http://www.nynjbaykeeper.org/ NY/NJ Baykeeper] * [http://www.bannermanisland.com/ Bannerman Castle Trust] * [http://www.hudsonriver.com/ Hudson River.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141005043823/http://www.hudsonriver.com/ |date=2014-10-05 }} * [http://www.hres.org/ The Hudson River Environmental Society] * [http://www.ulster.net/~hrmm/welcome.html Hudson River Maritime Museum] * [http://hudsonriverhistory.com/ Hudson River History] * [http://fishkillcreekwatershed.org/ Fishkill Creek Watershed Committee] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016202558/http://fishkillcreekwatershed.org/ |date=2009-10-16 }} * [http://groundworkhudsonvalley.org/ Groundwork Hudson Valley & Saw Mill River Coalition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008041448/http://groundworkhudsonvalley.org/ |date=2007-10-08 }} * [http://www.nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/nsd/CP2/CP2-35ed-Ch12_2.pdf Chapter 12] Hudson River, ''Coast Pilot 2'', 35th Edition, 2006, Office of Coast Survey, NOAA * [http://www.nauticalcharts.gov/viewer/AtlanticCoastTable.htm NOAA Nautical Charts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060902103509/http://www.nauticalcharts.gov/viewer/AtlanticCoastTable.htm |date=2006-09-02 }} numbers 12335 (mile 0) to 13348 (mile 134). [[Kategori:Kali Hudson|*]] [[Kategori:Kali ing New York]] [[Kategori:Kali ing New Jersey]] {{geo-stub}} flgt98pmayxn2rrcoexwe5dxj47yqct 0 39974 1756842 1750651 2026-09-21T19:13:35Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1756842 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox militant organization |name = Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam {{br}} Pambebasan Macan Tamil Eelam {{br}} {{rtl-lang|ta|<small>தமிழிழவிடுதலைப்புலிகள்</small>}} |logo = Ltte_emblem.jpg |caption = Lambang resmi LTTE |dates = [[5 Mèi]] [[1976]] – [[18 Mèi]] [[2009]] |leader = [[Velupillai Prabhakaran]] |motives = Ngadegake nagara Tamil ing pérangan Lor lan Wétan Sri Lanka. |area = {{flagicon|Sri Lanka}} [[Sri Lanka]] |ideology = Nasionalisme Tamil |crimes = Bom nglalu, kajahatan déning manungsan, srangan déning sipil, migunakaké bocah-bocah dadi prajurit, panumpasan ètnis. |attacks = [[Pangebomban Bank Sentral]], [[Pembantaian Palliyagodella]], [[Pangeboman kreta Dehiwala]], dlan liyta-liyané. |status = Dinyatakake minangka organisasi teroris déning 32 nagara. |size = atusan èwu |financing= [[British Tamils Forum]] lan ekspatriat tamil liyané ing manca }} '''Organisasi Pambébasan Macan Tamil Eelam''' ([[basa Inggris]]: ''Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam''/LTTE), kang luwih populèr kanthi jeneng '''Macan Tamil''' diadegaké taun [[1976]] kanthi angkah tujuwan utama ngadegaké nagara [[Tamil]] kang mardika lan duwé kadhaulatan ing sisih wétan-lor [[Sri Lanka]]. Pamimpin organisasi iki ya iku Ketua Nasionalis Tamil [[Velupillai Prabakharan]] kang digolèki déning [[Interpol]] kanthi dakwan ''rajapati, kajahatan terorganisasi, lan terorisme''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.interpol.int/public/Data/Wanted/Notices/Data/1994/54/1994_9054.asp |title=Interpol: LTTE ngrekrut sebagéyan kader saka organisasi militan Tamil lain, sing uga kepingin ngadegaké nagara mardika ing Sri Lanka |access-date=2006-09-03 |archive-date=2006-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060903121259/http://www.interpol.int/public/Data/Wanted/Notices/Data/1994/54/1994_9054.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.ltteps.org/ LTTE] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060903121259/http://www.interpol.int/public/Data/Wanted/Notices/Data/1994/54/1994_9054.asp Interpol] * [http://www.tamilnation.org/ltte/ Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Kategori:Golongan separatis]] 6vgb93wfejgnv2de36q2dnxa9momy2x 0 70768 1756846 1750685 2026-09-21T22:30:48Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1756846 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:La Liberté guidant le peuple - Eugène Delacroix - Musée du Louvre Peintures RF 129 - après restauration 2024.jpg|300px|thumb|''[[Liberty Leading the People]]'' ([[Eugène Delacroix]], 1830) wujud siji conto misuwur seni nasionalis]] '''Nasionalisme''' utawa '''nagaracita''' nglibataké idhèntifikasi sing kuwat saka golongan indhividhu karo èntitas [[pulitik]] kadhèfinisikaké sajeroning istilah nasional, ya iku [[bangsa]]. Kerepé, iku wujud kayakinan yèn siji golongan ètnik nduwé hak kanggo duwé [[nagara]],<ref name="Smith 1993">{{Cite book|last=Smith|first=Anthony D.|authorlink=Anthony D. Smith|title=National Identity|publisher=University of Nevada Press|location=Reno|year=1993|isbn=0874172047|page=|url=http://books.google.com/?id=bEAJbHBlXR8C}}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> utawa kewarganagaraan ing siji nagara kudu winates ing siji golongan [[ètnis]], utawa yèn manéka bangsa sajeroning kaanan tunggal mesthi kudu duwé hak kanggo ngèksprèsikaké lan latihan idhèntitas nasional uga déning minoritas .<ref name="Kymlicka 1995">{{Cite book|last=Kymlicka |first=Will.|authorlink=Will Kymlicka |title=Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=1995|isbn=0198290918|url=http://books.google.com/?id=eiRqsXrJo1UC|page=[http://books.google.com/books?id=eiRqsXrJo1UC&pg=PA16 16]}}</ref> == Cathetan == {{Reflist}} == Pranala njaba == {{Wiktionary}} {{Wikiquote}} {{Commons category|Nationalism}} * [http://ayeshaheaven.blogspot.com/2010/08/independence-day-14-th-august-1947.html Nationalism, its importance and sources] * [http://www.nationalismproject.org The Nationalism Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002100619/http://www.nationalismproject.org/ |date=2019-10-02 }} * [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook17.html Internet Modern History Sourcebook: Nationalism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225034644/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook17.html |date=2009-02-25 }} * [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/nationalism/ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Nationalism] * [http://www.tamilnation.org/nation.htm Nations & Nationalism: What is a Nation]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://nationalityinworldhistory.net The History of a Social Phenomenon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511001309/http://nationalityinworldhistory.net/ |date=2017-05-11 }} [[Kategori:Nasionalisme]] [[Kategori:Téyori pulitik]] [[Kategori:Antropologi]] qudgx2k155l0833pol2k38t74gedz4t 0 76525 1756853 1712220 2026-09-22T03:23:13Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1756853 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox|title = Wewengkon Schengen |image = [[File:Schengen Area.svg|250px|alt=Wewengkon Schengen ing taun 2009]] |caption = {{legend|#A4C2D9|Wewengkon Schengen}}{{legend|#A2D78D|Calon anggota}} |headerstyle = background:#ccf; |labelstyle = background:#ddf; |label1 = Dhèskripsi |data1 = Wewengkon bébas kunjungan |label2 = Diadegaké |data2 = 1995 |label3 = Anggota |data3 = {{Collapsible list|status=uncollapsed|titlestyle=font-weight:normal; background:transparent; text-align:left;|title=29 anggota|[[Ostenrik]]<br />[[Bèlgi]]<br />[[Bulgari]]<br />[[Dhènemarken]]<br />[[Éstlan]]<br />[[Finlan]]<br />[[Hungaria]]<br />[[Èslan]]<br />[[Italia]]<br />[[Jerman]]<br />[[Lètlan]]<br />[[Kroasia]]<br /> [[Lètlan]]<br />[[Liechtenstein]]<br />[[Luxembourg]]<br />[[Malta]]<br />[[Nurwègen]]<br />[[Prancis]]<br />[[Polen]]<br />[[Portugal]]<br />[[Républik Céko]]<br />[[Rumeni]]<br />[[Slowak]]<br />[[Slowén]]<br />[[Spanyol]]<br />[[Swèdhen]]<br />[[Switserlan]]<br />[[Nèderlan]]<br />[[Yunani]]}} |label4 = Kebijakan saka |data4 = [[Uni Éropa]] |label5 = Wewengkon |data5 = 4.312.099 km² }} '''Prejanjèn Schengen 1985''' Iku sawijiking prejanjen sing digawé déning sawatara nagara [[Éropa]] kanggo ngurangi pangawasan tapel wates antar nagara. Sajeroning prejanjen iki kacakup manéka aturan kawicaksanan bebarengan bab idin lumebu mansa cedhak (kalebu Visa Schengen), panyelarasan kontrol tapel wates eksternal, lan kerjasama [[pulisi]] lintas wates. Jenenge dijupuk saka jeneng papan panggonan penandatanganan prejanjen iki, sawijining désa ingi [[Luksemburg]]. == Nagara-nagara sing mèlu prejanjen == Nganti taun 2025 ana gunggung 30 nagara – nyakup sapérangan anggota [[Uni Éropa]] plus [[Èslan]], [[Nurwègen]], lan [[Switserlan]] (kalebu [[Liechtenstein]])-wis napakasmani prejanjen iki; sawatara iki 29 nagara wis matrapake. Republik Irlandia (IR) lan Britania Raya (GB) mung mèlu sajeroning kerjasama pulisi lintas batas nanging ora mèlu ing babagan pengawasan tapel wates lan visa. Ing sajeroning tlatah Schengen (wewengkon nagara-nagara sing wis matrapake), pos lan paengawasan tapel wates wis dibusek lan 'Visa Schengen' umum diwetokake. Sing duwé [[paspor]]/[[visa]] salah siji nagara sing wis matrapake Prejanjen Schengen (nanging dudu IR lan GB!) bisa lumebu wewengkon saben nagara liyané kanthi bébas. === Patrap === Ing ngisor iki nagara-nagara sing wis matrapake kabèh isi prejanjen: * {{flagcountry|Bèlgi}} ([[26 Maret]] [[1995]]) * {{flagcountry|Prancis}} lan {{flagcountry|Monako}} ([[26 Maret]] [[1995]]) * {{flagcountry|Jerman}} ([[26 Maret]] [[1995]]) * {{flagcountry|Luksemburg}} ([[26 Maret]] [[1995]]) * {{flagcountry|Nèderlan}} ([[26 Maret]] [[1995]]) * {{flagcountry|Portugal}} ([[26 Maret]] [[1995]]) * {{flagcountry|Spanyol}} ([[26 Maret]] [[1995]]) * {{flagcountry|Italia}}, kalebu Republik [[San Marino]] lan [[Vatikan]] ([[26 Oktober]] [[1997]]) * {{flagcountry|Ostenrik}} ([[1 Dhésèmber]] [[1997]]) * {{flagcountry|Yunani}} ([[26 Maret]] [[2000]]) * {{flagcountry|Dhènemarken}} ([[25 Maret]] [[2001]]) * {{flagcountry|Finlan}} ([[25 Maret]] [[2001]]) * {{flagcountry|Èslan}} ([[25 Maret]] [[2001]]) * {{flagcountry|Nurwègen}} ([[25 Maret]] [[2001]]) * {{flagcountry|Swèdhen}} ([[25 Maret]] [[2001]]) * {{flagcountry|Polen}} ([[21 Dhésèmber]] [[2007]]) * {{flagcountry|Républik Céko}} ([[21 Dhésèmber]] [[2007]]) * {{flagcountry|Slowak}} ([[21 Dhésèmber]] [[2007]]) * {{flagcountry|Slowén}} ([[21 Dhésèmber]] [[2007]]) * {{flagcountry|Lètlan}} ([[21 Dhésèmber]] [[2007]]) * {{flagcountry|Litowen}} ([[21 Dhésèmber]] [[2007]]) * {{flagcountry|Éstlan}} ([[21 Dhésèmber]] [[2007]]) * {{flagcountry|Honggari}} ([[21 Dhésèmber]] [[2007]]) * {{flagcountry|Malta}} ([[21 Dhésèmber]] [[2007]]) * {{flagcountry|Switserlan}} ([[12 Dhésèmber]] [[2008]]) <ref>[http://www.neurope.eu/articles/91724.php Schengen time for Switzerland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091225163516/http://www.neurope.eu/articles/91724.php |date=2009-12-25 }}. New Europe. Edisi 5-1-2009.</ref> * {{flagcountry|Liechtenstein}} ([[19 Dhésèmber]] [[2011]]) * {{flagcountry|Kroasia}} ([[1 Januari]] [[2023]]) * {{flagcountry|Bulgari}} ([[31 Maret]] [[2024]]) * {{flagcountry|Romania}} ([[31 Maret]] [[2024]]) Paspor utawa visa salah siji nagara ing dhuwur bias lumebu lan metu kanthi bébas antarané nagara-nagara mau. == Cathetan sikil == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Schengen 1985}} [[Kategori:Prejanjen internasional]] ge81ras8mqxkc2fmnrvieuy86l63wmp 0 77488 1756860 1689531 2026-09-22T05:39:36Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1756860 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Writer |name = Remy Sylado |caption = |image =Remy Sylado 3.JPG |caption = |birthdate = 12 Juli 1945 |birthplace = {{flagicon|Jepang}} [[Kota Makassar|Makassar]], [[Sulawesi Selatan]], [[Masa Pendudukan Jepang]] |nationality = {{flag|Indonésia}} |deathdate = |deathplace = |occupation = [[wartawan]], [[sastrawan]], [[dramawan]], [[penulis]] |genre = |movement = |spouse = |children = |influences = |influenced = |religion = |awards = |signature = }} '''Yapi Panda Abdiel Tambayong''' ([[Ejaan Républik]]: '''Japi Tambajong''') utawa kondhang karo jeneng pena '''Remy Sylado''' lair ing [[Makassar]], [[Sulawesi Selatan]] 12 Juli 1945 ya iku [[sastrawan]] [[Indonésia]].<ref name="internet1">[http://www.bukabuku.com/authorscorner/detail/41/remy-sylado.html Remy Sylado](01 Agustus 2011)</ref> '''Remy Silado''' ya iku penyair, kondhang amarga puisi mbeling.<ref name="RS 1 js">{{cite web|url=http://www.jendelasastra.com/wawasan/pokok-dan-tokoh/remy-sylado-dan-puisi-mbeling|title=Remy Silado dan Puisi Mbeling|last=|first=|date=27 December 2013|publisher=jendelasastra.com|accessdate=14 August 2016}}</ref> Dhèwèké lair ana Malino, [[Makassar]], [[Sulawesi Kidul]], ing [[12]] [[Juli]] [[1945]], kanthi jeneng Yapi Panda Abdiel Tambayong utawa Japi Tambajong.<ref name="RS 1 js"/><ref name="RS 2 ti">{{cite web|url=http://www.tokohindonesia.com/biografi/article/286-direktori/2369-tokoh-banyak-rupa|title=Tokoh Banyak Rupa|last=|first=|date=24 February 2012|publisher=tokohindonesia.com|accessdate=14 August 2016|archive-date=7 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407232500/http://www.tokohindonesia.com/biografi/article/286-direktori/2369-tokoh-banyak-rupa|url-status=dead}}</ref> Jenenge kerep ditulis nganggo angka 23761, dijipuk saka chord sepisanan lagu All My Loving duweke The Beatles.<ref name="RS 1 js"/><ref name="RS 2 ti"/> Kabèh babagan seni wis dijajal, saka nulis geguritan, novèl, ésai, nganti naskah lakon; uga seni musik, seni rupa, lan mligi seni téater.<ref name="RS 1 js"/> Remy Silado dadi pelopor puisi mbeling taun [[1970]]-an, 'apa waé bisa lan olèh ditulis dadi geguritan, lan sapa waé olèh dadi penyair'.<ref name="RS 3 ag">{{cite web|url=https://ahmadgaus.com/2015/07/15/remy-sylado-dan-gerakan-puisi-mbeling/|title=Remy Silado dan Puisi Mbeling|last=Gaus|first=Ahmad|date=15 July 2015|publisher=ahmadgaus.com|accessdate=14 August 2016|archive-date=25 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151025013249/http://ahmadgaus.com/2015/07/15/remy-sylado-dan-gerakan-puisi-mbeling/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dhèwèké dadi rédhaktur ana kalawarti [[Aktuil]] lan ngurusi rubrik ''Puisi Mbeling''.<ref name="RS 3 ag"/> Geguritan-geguritané sasuwéné 30 taun diklumpukaké lan diterbitaké kanthi irah-irahan ''Puisi Mbeling Remy Silado'' déning [[Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia]] taun [[2004]].<ref name="RS 3 ag"/> == Nalika cilik == Remy, nalika cilik tau manggon ing [[Semarang]] lan [[Sala]].<ref name="internet1"/> == Jeneng samaran == Remy duwé sesinglon akèh kaya ta "''Dova Zila''", "''Alif Danya Munsyi''", "''Juliana C. Panda''", "''Jubal Anak Perang Imanuel''", lan liya-liayné.<ref name="internet1"/> Saliyané kagiyatan ing babagan [[musik]], [[seni rupa]], [[teater]], [[filem]], uga bisa akèh [[basa]].<ref name="internet1"/> == Karier == Remy wiwit karier dadi [[wartawan]] majalah ''[[TEMPO|Tempo]]'' (Semarang, 1965), [[redaktur]] [[majalah]] ''[[Aktuil]]'' Bandung (wiwit 1970), [[dhosèn]] [[Akademi Sinematografi Bandung]] (wiwit 1971), ketua Teater [[Yayasan Pusat Kebudayaan Bandung]].<ref name="internet2">[http://www.dkj.or.id/articles/sastra/remy-sylado-dalam-bincang-tokoh Remy Sylado] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902121653/http://www.dkj.or.id/articles/sastra/remy-sylado-dalam-bincang-tokoh |date=2011-09-02 }}(01 Agustus 2011)</ref> Dhèwèké nulis [[kritik]], [[puisi]], [[carkak]], [[novèl]] (wiwit umur 18), [[drama]], [[kolom]], [[esai]], sajak, roman populer, uga buku-buku [[musikologi]], [[dramaturgi]], basa, lan [[teologi]].<ref name="internet2"/> Remy kaloka amarga kekendhelané ngadhepi wong akèh liwat panggung-panggung drama kang kabawah. Remy uga salah sijiné pelopor panulisan [[puisi mbeling]].<ref name="internet2"/> Saliyané nulis novèl, Remy uga pinter nggambar, drama lan ngerti babagan filem.<ref name="internet2"/> Saiki Dhèwèké manggon ing [[Bandung]].<ref name="internet2"/> Remy tau dianugerahi bebungah [[Sastra Khatulistiwa]] 2002, iku kanggo novèl kang judhulé [[Kerudung Merah Kirmizi]].<ref name="internet2"/> ==Puisi Mbeling== Puisi mbeling lair bebarengan karo saya kuwaté konsolidasi pulitik pamaréntah [[Orde Anyar]] kang agi waé munggah kuwasa.<ref name="RS 3 ag"/> Surak-surak ana kalangan pulitis lan aktivis pergerakan kang wis kasil olèhé mbabat [[Orde Lawas]] isih krasa.<ref name="RS 3 ag"/> Pangarep-arep kang dibotaké ana pamaréntahan anyar ora ninggali rasa kritis kaya ing jaman démonstrasi gedhé taun [[1966]].<ref name="RS 3 ag"/> Sing metu ya iku usaha bebarengan kanggo nyipta suwasana kondusif lan stabil, ora mung ana puitik, nanging uga sastra.<ref name="RS 3 ag"/> Kaya kang diujaraké Remy Sylado, gerakan mbeling ya iku perlawanan kang diarahaké ana 2 sasaran.<ref name="RS 3 ag"/> Sepisanan, èstétika geguritan kang kekurung ana pikiran-pikiran konvénsional kang diungkap kanthi kabur lan peteng ana basa kembang-kembang saéngga geguritan kelangan tanggung-jawabé marang kasunyatan.<ref name="RS 3 ag"/> Kapindho, situasi pulitik Orde Anyar kang nyata dibingkai ana gerontokrasi kang salah kaprah kanthi slogan-slogan saka ''pejah gesang ndhèrèk bapak'' dadi ''mikul dhuwur, mendhem jero''.<ref name="RS 3 ag"/> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} ==Pranala njaba== *[http://www.jendelasastra.com/wawasan/pokok-dan-tokoh/remy-sylado-dan-puisi-mbeling Laman web Jendela Sastra] *[http://www.tokohindonesia.com/biografi/article/286-direktori/2369-tokoh-banyak-rupa Laman web Tokoh Indonesia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407232500/http://www.tokohindonesia.com/biografi/article/286-direktori/2369-tokoh-banyak-rupa |date=2016-04-07 }} *[https://ahmadgaus.com/2015/07/15/remy-sylado-dan-gerakan-puisi-mbeling/ Laman web ahmadgaus.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112131903/https://ahmadgaus.com/2015/07/15/remy-sylado-dan-gerakan-puisi-mbeling/ |date=2024-01-12 }} *[https://m.tempo.co/read/news/2013/10/20/079523178/perbedaan-cina-dan-china-versi-remy-sylado Laman web Tempo.co] *[http://dkj.or.id/berita/remy-sylado-dalam-bincang-tokoh/ Laman web DKJ] [[Kategori:Sastrawan]] [[Kategori:Juru gurit]] [[Kategori:Lair 1945]] {{stub}} bsxux6q2q2cdxe6tiozqksl6gspzs9v 0 77998 1756861 1675622 2026-09-22T07:20:35Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1756861 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Tempelcomplex bij het het heilige apenbos van Sangeh. TMnr 60004825.jpg|thumb|Foto Sangeh koleksi Tropen [[Museum]]]]'''Sangeh''' minangka papan wisata alami kang dumunung ing désa [[Sangeh, Abiansemal, Badung]], [[Bali]].<ref name="satu">{{Cite web |url=http://e-kuta.com/blog/tempat-wisata/bersafari-melihat-kera-kera-di-sangeh.htm |title=Bersafari melihat kera-kera di Sangeh |access-date=2011-08-07 |archive-date=2011-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027053247/http://e-kuta.com/blog/tempat-wisata/bersafari-melihat-kera-kera-di-sangeh.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Saka Denpasar, ngalor kurang luwih 25 [[kilomèter]]. Papan iki maune cagar alam,nanging wiwit wetuné layang kekancing Mantri Kehutanan Nomor: 87/Kpts-II/1993 tanggal [[16 Fèbruari]] [[1993]], status Cagar Alam diowahi dadi Taman Wisata Alam (TWA).<ref name="dua">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ksda-bali.go.id/?page_id=21 |title=TWA Sangeh |access-date=2011-08-07 |archive-date=2011-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110828164203/http://www.ksda-bali.go.id/?page_id=21 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ambane TWA Sangeh iku 13, 97 [[hektare]].<ref name="dua" /> Wates-watese Taman Wisata Alam Sangeh ya iku:<ref name="dua" /> # Sisih lor : Désa Sangeh, # Sisih kidul : Désa Sangeh, # Sisih wétan : Désa Sangeh, # Sisih kulon : Désa [[Cau Blayu]], kabupatèn [[Tabanan]]. == Legenda == Ing Sangeh, ing sajeroning [[alas]] [[pala]] ana pura cilik kang wis lumuten lan ing salah sijiné tugu pura iku ana reca Garuda. Miturut [[Samudramantana]], dicritakake bilih garuda isih golèk tirta Amerta ing dhasaring samodra. Dhèwèké banjur diwènèhi tirta Amerta satenggakkan lan dadi tunggangane Betara [[Wisnu]]. Legenda liyané nyaritakake bilih sing nunggoni alas iku prajurit [[kethèk]] kang keselen ing paprangan matèni Rahwana. Kethek-kethèk iku tiba bareng karo [[gunung]] lan alas kang dianggo nindhihi awake Rahwana, banjur netep ing kono. == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} {{stub}} cr9lx0qf3n042woyp5lau5fzxp7i971 0 78853 1756866 1744639 2026-09-22T11:28:41Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1756866 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Takoyaki 01.jpg|thumb|250px|Takoyaki kang diwadhahi wadhah awujud prau]] [[Gambar:Takoyakikado.Pan.jpg|thumb|250px|Wajan kanggo gawé Takoyaki]] {{commons|Takoyaki}} '''Takoyaki'''<ref name="ta">[http://japanesefood.about.com/od/seafoodfish/r/takoyaki.htm japanesefood.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110111162319/http://japanesefood.about.com/od/seafoodfish/r/takoyaki.htm |date=2011-01-11 }} Takoyaki</ref> (たこ焼き) jeneng panganan saka laladan [[Kansai]] ing [[Jepang]], lan [[Koréa Kidul]], awujud kaya bal-bal cilik kanthi diameter 3–5&nbsp;cm, digawé saka jladrèn glepung trigu ing jeroné diisèni irisan gurita. == Asal-Usul == Awale, takoyaki utawa octopus balls mung awujud snack bundher diametere 3–5&nbsp;cm kang jerone isiné potongan gurita, disajekake karo [[saus]]. Takoyaki iki didol nganggo sundukan pring isiné 3 glindhing. Nalika nyajekake, takoyaki mesthi didol ing wujud porsian. 1 porsi padatan isiné 3-10 glindhing ing 1 wadhah, kang mesthi diwènèhi tusuk gigi utawa sumpit ''sekali pakai''. Ing Jepang, takoyaki padatan didol ing wadhah kang wujudé kaya prau. Takoyaki misuwur banget ing Jepang, khususé ing Kansai, [[Tokyo]] lan Osaka. Snack mungil iki paling énak yèn didhahar nalika isih panas minangka nyamikan. Saben omah ing Osaka padatan duwé [[wajan]] (loyang) takoyaki. Takoyaki digunakak minangka panganan kebanggaan, kang digawé lawuh kanggo dhahar sega putih. == Jinising Takoyaki == * Takoyaki polos: Ora nganggo saus, rasa kecap asin lan kadhang-kadhang didhahar karo [[ponzu]] utawa [[uyah]] kasar * Takoyaki (karo saus): Dhuwure diolesi saus lan mayones, [[aonori]] lan [[katsuobushi]]. * Takoyaki kecap asin: Dhuwure diolesi kecap asin, kerep tinemu ing laladan [[Nayoga]] * Akashiyaki (Tamagoyaki): panganan saka tepung terigu kang diencerake karo endhog pitik kang akèh lan dashi, disajekake jejer-jejer ing sadhuwuring [[piring]] wujud talenan lan didhahar kanthi nyelupake ing sup dhedhasar dashi. == Bahan-bahan kanggo gawé Takoyaki == * Takoyaki-ki: sesebutan kanggo wajan kanthi bunderan-bunderan cekung kang fungsine minangka loyang nalika masak takoyaki.<ref name="yaki">[http://inforesep.com/takoyaki.html inforesep.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814205030/http://inforesep.com/takoyaki.html |date=2011-08-14 }} Takoyaki</ref> * Sunduk wesi karo cekelan saka [[kayu]]/tusuk [[sate]]: kanggo molak-malik adonan nganti dadi bunder tenanan. * Tepung terigu: nganggone tepung terigu protéin cendhèk supaya asile putih, luwih empuk lan gurih. * Konnyaku: jinis jelly kang duwé akèh serat. Digunakake kanggo variasi isi takoyaki. * Benishoga: asinan [[jahe]] (sushi gari) kang dicincang, kanggo nambah citarasa pedhes lan kecut ing takoyaki. * Konbu/kombu: ganggang laut (rumput laut) kang awujud lembaran, kanggo bahan dhasar kaldu (dashi). Ana uga kang fungsine minangka lapisan ''pana tarabagani sushi'' (capit kepiting besar). * Tenkasu: cereal jinis ''rice crispy'' fungsine kanggo nambahi rasa kriyuk-kriyuk ing takoyaki. * Katsuo-bushi: digawé saka [[iwak cakalang]]. Ana rong jinis, ya iku bubuk lan lembaran serat awarna kecoklatan. Digunakake kanggo pendamping ing masakan Jepang sarta bisa kanggo bahan kaldu. * Saus okonomiyaki: [[saus]] kang digunakaké ing okonomiyaki (jinis masakan [[teppanyaki]]) minangka lawuh padatan rasané pedhes lan legi. == Cathetan sikil == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.takoyaki-indonesia.com/ takoyaki-indonesia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100125021622/http://www.takoyaki-indonesia.com/ |date=2010-01-25 }} [[Kategori:Olah-olahan Jepang]] [[Kategori:Olah-olahan Koréa]] [[Kategori:Panganan]] {{panganan-stub}} b8jyd2l0nqonfk6tj7o1p8jq4k9hxdy 0 87053 1756836 1743919 2026-09-21T14:50:41Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1756836 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Carbon-dioxide-2D-dimensions.png|right|thumb|250px|Karbon dioksida]] '''Karbon dioksida''' utawa zat '''asam arang''' (rumus kimia: '''CO2''') iku salah siji senyawa kimia kang kasusun saka loro atom [[Oksigèn|oksigen]] sing kaiket sacara kovalen karo siji atom karbon. Wujude gas nalika ana ing kahanan suhu lan tekanan standar lan ana ing atmosfer bumi. Rata-rata konsentrasi karbon dioksida ing atmosfer bumi ing wulan [[Maret]] 2022 yaiku 417 ppm adhedhasar volume, dibandhingake karo konsentrasi sadurunge jaman industri yaiku 280 ppm. Karbon dioksida iku gas omah kaca sing wigati amarga bisa nyerep gelombang inframerah kanthi kuwat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://science.nasa.gov/earth/explore/earth-indicators/carbon-dioxide/|title=Carbon Dioxide - Earth Indicator - NASA Science|date=2025-09-25|language=en-US|access-date=2026-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jeSwRly2M_cC&q=280&pg=PA52|title=A Short Introduction to Climate Change|last=Eggleton|first=R. A.|date=2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-61876-3|language=en}}</ref> Karbon dioksida diasilake dening kabeh kéwan, tetuwuhan, jamur, lan mikroorganisme sajrone proses respirasi lan digunakake dening tetuwuhan sajrone proses fotosintesis. Mula, karbon dioksida dadi komponen penting ing siklus karbon. Karbon dioksida uga kawangun minangka asil samping saka pambakaran bahan bakar fosil. Karbon dioksida anorganik metu saka gunung geni lan proses geotermal liyane kayata ing sumber banyu panas. Karbon dioksida ora nduwèni wujud cair nalika tekanan ing ngisor 5,1 atm, nanging langsung dadi padhet nalika suhu ing ngisor -78 °C. Ing wujud padhet, karbon dioksida lumrahe diarani es garing. CO2 iku oksida asam. Larutan CO2 bisa ngganti warna lakmus saka biru dadi abang semu jambon. == Sifat == Karbon dioksida iku gas sing ora ana warnane lan ora ana ambune. Nalika kaambegan ing konsentrasi sing luwih dhuwur tinimbang konsentrasi karbon dioksida ing [[Tawang-panawang bumi|atmosfer]], gas iki bakal krasa asem ing cangkem lan ngrangsang [[irung]] lan [[tenggorokan]]. Efek iki dumadi amarga gas mau larut ing membran mukosa lan saliva, banjur mbentuk larutan asam karbonat sing sipate lemah. Rasa iki uga bisa dirasakake nalika wong sendawa sawisé ngombe [[banyu]] berkarbonasi (umpamane [[Coca-Cola]]). Konsentrasi sing luwih saka 5.000 ppm ora becik tumrap kesehatan, dene konsentrasi luwih saka 50.000 ppm bisa mbebayani tumrap urip kéwan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/124389.html|title=Carbon dioxide - IDLH {{!}} NIOSH {{!}} CDC|date=2020-03-04|website=www.cdc.gov|language=en-us|access-date=2026-02-16}}</ref> Ing suhu −78,51° C, karbon dioksida langsung nyublim dadi padhet liwat proses deposisi. Wujud padhete karbon dioksida lumrahe diarani “es garing”. Fenomena iki kapisan dipantau dening ahli kimia [[Prancis]], Charles Thilorier, ing taun 1825. Es garing biyasane digunakake minangka zat pendingin sing regane relatif murah. Sifat sing ndadekake praktis yaiku amarga karbon dioksida langsung nyublim dadi gas lan ora ninggalake cairan. Panggunaan liyane saka es garing yaiku kanggo reresik nganggo cara sembur.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C124389&Units=SI&Mask=4|title=Carbon dioxide|last=Informatics|first=NIST Office of Data and|website=webbook.nist.gov|language=en|access-date=2026-02-16}}</ref> Cairan karbon dioksida mung kawangun nalika tekanan luwih saka 5,1 atm; titik tripel karbon dioksida kira-kira 518 kPa ing suhu −56,6 °C. Dene titik kritise karbon dioksida yaiku 7,38 MPa ing suhu 31,1 °C. Ana uga wujud amorf karbon dioksida sing kaya kaca, nanging ora kawangun ing tekanan atmosfer. Wujud kaca iki, diarani karbonia, diasilake saka proses pembekuan CO2 sing sadurunge dipanasake ing tekanan banget dhuwur (40–48 GPa utawa kurang luwih 400.000 atm) ing landhesan inten. Panemuan iki negesake teori manawa karbon dioksida bisa nduweni wujud [[kaca]] kaya senyawa liya sing sakgolongan karo karbon, kayata silikon lan germanium. Beda karo kaca silikon lan germanium, kaca karbonia ora stabil ing tekanan normal lan bakal bali dadi [[gas]] nalika tekanane diluwari. == Sejarahipun == Ing abad kaping-17, sawijining ahli kimia Fleming, Jan Baptist van Helmont, nemokake manawa areng sing diobong ing wadhah tertutup bakal ngasilake awu sing bobote luwih entheng tinimbang bobot areng sakdurunge. Dheweke nyimpulake yen sawenèh bagean saka [[areng]] mau wis malih dadi zat sing ora katon, lan zat kasebut dijenengi “gas” utawa ''spiritus sylvestre'' (tegesé: arwah liar). Sifat-sifat karbon dioksida banjur ditliti luwih lanjut ing taun 1750 déning fisikawan [[Sekotlan|Skotlandia]], Joseph Black. Dheweke nemokake manawa [[watu gamping]] ([[kalsium karbonat]]) yen diobong utawa diwenehi asam bakal ngasilake gas sing dijenengi “fixed air”. Dheweke uga nemokake manawa gas iki luwih abot tinimbang udara lan yen dilebokake ing larutan kapur ([[Kalium hidroksida|kalsium hidroksida]]) bakal ngendap dadi kalsium karbonat. Fenomena iki digunakake kanggo nerangake yen karbon dioksida asalé saka [[ambegan]] kéwan lan fermentasi mikroba. Ing taun 1772, ahli [[kimia]] [[Inggris]], Joseph Priestley, nerbitake jurnal kanthi irah-irahan ''Impregnating Water with Fixed Air.'' Ing tulisan kasebut, dheweke nerangake proses netesake [[Asem sulpat|asam sulfat]] (utawa minyak vitriol miturut sebutane) marang kapur kanggo ngasilake karbon dioksida, banjur gas mau dipaksa larut kanthi nggoyangake banyu sing kena kontak karo gas kasebut.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://web.lemoyne.edu/~GIUNTA/priestley.html|title=Joseph Priestley|website=web.lemoyne.edu|access-date=2026-02-16}}</ref> Karbon dioksida kapisan bisa dicairake (kanthi tekanan dhuwur) ing taun 1823 déning Humphry Davy lan Michael Faraday. Katrangan kapisan ngenani karbon dioksida padhet dilapurake déning Charles Thilorier nalika ing taun 1834 dheweke mbukak kontainer karbon dioksida cair sing diwenehi tekanan, lan nemokake yen pendinginan kasebut nyebabake penguapan sing ngasilake “salju” CO2 padhet.<ref name=":0" /> == Uga delengen == * [http://www.uigi.com/carbondioxide.html Sifat-sifat, Panggunaan, lan Aplikasi Karbon Dioksida] * [http://scifun.chem.wisc.edu/chemweek/CO2/CO2_phase_diagram.gif Diagram Tekanan-Temperatur Karbon Dioksida] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216015146/http://scifun.chem.wisc.edu/chemweek/CO2/CO2_phase_diagram.gif |date=2008-02-16 }} * [http://www.bluerhinos.co.uk/molview/indv.php?id=2 Molview from bluerhinos.co.uk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216134911/http://www.bluerhinos.co.uk/molview/indv.php?id=2 |date=2008-02-16 }} nDeleng Karbon Dioksida kanthi 3D * [http://www.dryiceinfo.com/science.htm Informasi Ès Kering] * [http://www.cmdl.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/ Trèn Karbon Dioksida Atmosfer] ''(NOAA)'' * [http://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/~cchieh/cact/c123/phasesdgm.html Diagram Fase Karbon Dioksida] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080222025440/http://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/~cchieh/cact/c123/phasesdgm.html |date=2008-02-22 }} * [http://chemmovies.unl.edu/chemistry/smallscale/SS071.html Experimen 071 -- Titik Tripel Transisi Fase Karbon Dioksida] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080205202741/http://chemmovies.unl.edu/chemistry/smallscale/SS071.html |date=2008-02-05 }} * [http://www.r744.com/knowledge/faq_a.php {{chem|CO|2}} minangka pangadhem alami - FAQ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006101017/http://www.r744.com/knowledge/faq_a.php |date=2007-10-06 }} * [http://www.understandingnano.com/nanotechnology-carbon-dioxide.html Métode pangurangan émisi karbon dioksida saka pambangkit listrik] {{oxides of carbon}} == Rujukan == [[Kategori:Oksida]] [[Kategori:Gas]] qgsi9ojugdvlpe4initw8lb93l0g8jq 0 88217 1756873 1728183 2026-09-22T11:56:34Z Meursault2004 3 dening → déning 1756873 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Garudha Sempati''' ([[Sanskerta]]: सम्पाति, Sampāti) iku anake [[Garudha Aruni]] (Brihawan) karo [[Dewi Brahmanisri]], nunggal kadang karo [[Jatayu|Garudha Jatayu.]] Amarga mitulungi [[Kosalya|Dewi Raghu]](Sukasalya), wusana entek wulune, dibrodholi déning [[Rahwana|Prabu Dasamuka.]] Critane mangkene: Prabu Dasamuka ratu ing [[Ngalengka]] mireng kabar yen [[Prabu Banaputra]] ratu [[Ayodhya]] darbe putra 1, sesilihe Dewi Raghu (Dewi Sukasalya). Pawarta mangkono iku njalari Dasamuka kelingan marang pangandikane [[Begawan Maruta]] yen ta [[Wedawati|Dewi Widawati]] (Dewi Sri) ing tembe bakal manjanma maneh ana ing marcapada kanthi asma: (1) [[Dewi Citrawati]], dadi putrane putri [[Prabu Citradarma]] ratu ing [[Magada]]. (2) Dewi Raghu (Sukasalya), dadi putrane putri Prabu Banaputra ratu ing Ayodhya. (3) [[Dewi Sinta]], dadi putrane putri [[Prabu Janaka]] ratu ing [[Mithila|Mantili]]. (4) [[Sumbadra|Dewi Wara Sembadra]], dadi putrane putri [[Basudéwa|Prabu Basudewa]] ratu ing [[Mandura]]. Kanthi ngirid wadyabala sabregada, Dasamuka budhal menyang praja Ayodhya, nedya nyatakake bener-luputing pawarta. Bareng wis priksa Sang Prabu Banaputra kagungan putra putri kaya kang kasebut ing pawarta, Dasamuka nuli prapta ing praja Ayodhya, nglamar Dewi Raghu. Ananging, panglamare ora ditampa déning Prabu Banaputra, awit Dewi Raghu wis winengku garwa déning [[Begawan Rawatmeja]]. Senadyan panampiking panglamar nganggo wewaton kang maton, parandene Dasamuka meksa muring marang Prabu Banaputra. Ndadekake pasulayan bandayuda. Ora mung Prabu Banaputra kang disedani déning Dasamuka. Begawan Rawatmeja uga dipateni. Bareng priksa ramane lan garwane seda, Dewi Raghu banjur lumayu menyang [[Grastina|Padhepokan Grastina]], nedya nyuwun pengayoman déning [[Dasarata|Begawan Dasarata]]. Playune Dewi Raghu kapriksanan Dasamuka, gage ditututi. Nanging, nalika Dewi Raghu meh ketututan, Dasamuka semaput. Amarga disamber Garudha Sempati, mitrane Begawan Rawatmeja. Sawise eling, Dasamuka napak jumantara, ngoyak Garudha Sempati. Dadi pancakara rame. Wusana Garudha Sempati kalah, wulune dijabuti Dasamuka. Satemah Garudha Sempati brondhol lan ora bisa mabur. Playune Dewi Raghu bisa tekan Padhepokan Grastina kanthi slamet. Ditampa becik déning Sang Begawan. Sang Dewi didhawuhi ndelik ana ing sajroning padhepokan. == Cathetan sikil == {{reflist}} {{Ramayana}} [[Kategori:Paraga Wayang]] 3pbjic49ook0oacbtxh2moztl7vxbzw 0 92804 1756843 1657628 2026-09-21T20:03:45Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1756843 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rapèkaké}} {{Infobox religious building |image = Masjid_Nurul_Iman_Padang.jpg |caption = Masjid Nurul Iman |building_name = Masjid Nurul Iman |location = [[Kota Padang]], [[Sumatera Barat]], [[Indonésia]] |religious_affiliation = [[Islam]] |website = |architect = |architecture_type = |architecture_style = |groundbreaking = [[1958]] |year_completed = [[1976]] |renovation_date = [[2007]] |construction_cost = Rp18,4 miliar |capacity = |dome_quantity = 1 |dome_height_outer = |dome_dia_outer = |minaret_quantity = 1 |minaret_height = }} '''Masjid Nurul Iman''' yaiku [[masjid]] kang ana ing pertélon dalan [[Imam Bonjol]] lan dalan [[Muhammad Thamrin]], [[kutha Padang]], [[Sumatera Kulon]], [[Indonésia]]. Masjid iki siji [[masjid]] gedhé dhéwé ing [[Kutha Padang]].<ref name="lindhu">http://www.eqclearinghouse.org {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010165715/http://www.eqclearinghouse.org/ |date=2012-10-10 }} [http://www.eqclearinghouse.org/20090930-padang/structural-observations/masjid-nurul-iman Masjid Nurul Iman: Padang Earthquake Clearinghouse] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130326164444/http://www.eqclearinghouse.org/20090930-padang/structural-observations/masjid-nurul-iman |date=2013-03-26 }}. Diakses pada 18 Maret 2012.</ref> Masjid Nurul Iman wiwit diadhekake ing taun [[1958]]. Ledakan [[bom]] ampir ngeluluhlantakake [[masjid]] ing taun [[1976]].<ref name="dibom"/> Saking kejadian wau, masjid iki wiwit direnovasi malih ing taun [[2004]]. Kanthi kadukung [[Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Laladan|APBD]], ing taun [[2007]] renovasi Masjid Nurul Iman bisa dirampungake. Nanging akibat [[Lindhu Sumatera Kulon 2009|lindhu]] ing [[Sumatéra]] taun [[2009]], Masjid Nurul Iman uga rusak malih.<ref name="lindhu"/> == Rujukan == {{reflist|2}} == Delenga Uga == * [[Bom Masjid Nurul Iman 1976]] [[Kategori:Masjid ing Indonésia|Nurul Iman]] pcrefdb2egsfxew0fpnzswkox29xw7n 0 95594 1756849 1752082 2026-09-22T01:08:56Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1756849 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox airport | name = Papan Anggegana Internasional Jiangbei Chongqing | nativename-a = 重庆江北国际机场 | nativename-r = Chóngqìng Jiāngběi Guójì Jīchǎng | image = Chongqing Airport Dec 2011.jpg | image-width = 250 | image2 = | image2-width = 250 | IATA = CKG | ICAO = ZUCK | type = Public | owner = | operator = | city-served = [[Chongqing]] | location = [[Yubei District]], [[Chongqing]] | hub = <div> *[[China Express Airlines]] *[[China Southern Airlines]] <ref name="cscqhub">{{cite web|title=China Southern Airlines to make Chongqing into aviation hub|url=http://www.china.org.cn/business/2011-05/06/content_22512439.htm|publisher=[[Xinhua News Agency]]|date=2011-05-06|accessdate=2011-10-15}}</ref> *[[Chongqing Airlines]] *[[Sichuan Airlines]] *[[West Air (China)|West Air]] </div> | elevation-f = | elevation-m = 416 | website = | latd = 29 | latm = 43 | lats = 09 | latNS = N | longd=106 | longm= 38 | longs= 30 | longEW= E | coordinates_region = CN-50 | website = <span class="plainlinks"> [http://www.cqa.cn/u/jichang/ http://www.cqa.cn/] </span> | image_map = | image_mapsize = | image_map_caption = | pushpin_map = China | pushpin_label = CKG | pushpin_label_position = left | pushpin_map_caption = Location in China | metric-elev = yes | metric-rwy = yes | r1-number = 02L/20R | r1-length-f = | r1-length-m = 3,200 | r1-surface = Beton | r2-number = 02R/20L | r2-length-f = | r2-length-m = 3,600 | r2-surface = [[Beton]] | r3-number = — | r3-length-f = | r3-length-m = 3,800 | r3-surface = Under Construction | footnotes = | stat-year = 2011 | stat1-header = Passengers | stat1-data = 19,051,367 | footnotes = Source: [[China's busiest airports by passenger traffic]] }} '''Papan Anggegana Internasional Jiangbei Chongqing''' ({{zh-all|c=重庆江北国际机场|t=重慶江北國際機場|p=Chóngqìng Jiāngběi Guójì Jīchǎng}}) {{airport codes|CKG|ZUCK}} ya iku sebuah [[papan anggegana internasional]] kang mapan ing [[Chongqing]], [[Republik Rakyat Cina]]. Dibangun nalika Januari 1990 kanggo nggantèni [[Papan Anggegana Baishiyi]] lawas. Papan Anggegana iki pernahé ing Distrik Yubei, 21&nbsp;km kidul saka pusat kutha [[Chongqing]], lan nawaraké jaringan tumuwuh penerbangan langsung marang [[Cina]], [[Asia Tenggara]], [[Timur Tengah]] lan [[Éropah]]. Papan Anggegana Jiangbei kang dadi pusat operasi [[Air China]], [[China Southern Airlines]], [[Chongqing Airlines]], [[Sichuan Airlines]] lan [[West Air (Republik Rakyat Cina)|West Air]] saka [[HNA]]. Saiki, Papan Anggegana Jiangbei duwé rong terminal: Terminal 1 nglayani penerbangan internasional; Terminal 2 nglayani penerbangan domestik. == Sajarah == [[Gambar:CKGatNight SichuanAirlines.jpg|thumb|CKG ing waktu bengi]] [[Gambar:CKG Qatar Airways Landing.jpg|thumb|Pesawat Qatar Airways mendarat ing landasan pacu]] Penerbangan sipil Chongqing dimulai awit 1920-an, lan duwé sajarah punjul 90 taun. Sawisé [[Chongqing Baishiyi Air Base|Papan Anggegana Baishiyi]] nalika taun 1938, Chongqing dadi salah siji saka papat kutha amung ing Cina kang nduwé papan anggegana kang beroperasi. Nalika taun 1950, rute penerbangan papat saka Tianjin, Chengdu, Guangzhou lan Kunming marang Chongqing dadi awal dibukak sawisé ngadegé Republik Rakyat Cina nalika taun 1949. Nanging ing taun 1965, nalika [[Administrasi Penerbangan Sipil China]] ngedegaké salah siji cabang ing [[Sichuan|Provinsi Sichuan]] lan Chongqing Papan Anggegana dadi subjek kanggo iku. Awit iku, pengembangan penerbangan sipil Chongqing wis wiwit mandeg ndadhak, nganti 1990-an.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chongqing Documentary: The Intention of Expanding Baishiyi Airport 44 Years Ago|url=http://cq.qq.com/a/20100201/000769.htm|publisher=Tengxun Media|language=Simplified Chinese|date=2010-02-21|access-date=2012-12-31|archive-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425014223/http://cq.qq.com/a/20100201/000769.htm|url-status=dead}}(Kaunduh 1/1/13)</ref> Nalika tanggal 22 Januari 1990, papan anggegana nyar, Jiangbei Papan Anggegana dibuka lan nggantèni Papan Anggegana Baishiyi tuwa. Pengembangan penerbangan sipil diterusaké. Nalika taun 1997, wektu Kota Chongqing dadi [[Munsilpalitas Republik Rakyat Cina|Kota ke-4]] Cina, Administrasi Penerbangan Sipil China ngedegaké cabang ing Chongqing nalika taun kang pada. == Pengembangan == Chongqing Jiangbei Papan Anggegana Internasional saiki iki lagi mengalami ekspansi usaha kang gadhé, kanti ambisi kanggo mikolèh statusé udara hub internasional lan dadi papan anggegana gedhé dhéwé ing Cina barat nalika 2035.<ref name="cqcb">{{cite web|title=江北国际机场四期扩建工程今年底奠基|url=http://www.liangjiang.gov.cn/ljxw/xw_mtjj/201194/20119494254.htm|publisher=Chongqing Morning Paper|language=Simplified Chinese|date=2011-09-04|access-date=2012-12-31|archive-date=2012-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406184500/http://www.liangjiang.gov.cn/ljxw/xw_mtjj/201194/20119494254.htm|url-status=dead}}(Kaunduh 1/1/13)</ref> Sajeroning pirang wulan mengarep, CAPA bakal ninjau kemajuan lan ambisi saingan Chongqing ing Cina barat. saiki, Papan Anggegana Chengdu, kang wis ditinjau déning CAPA minangka péranganing rerangkèn papan anggegana, ya iku kang palig gedhésaka ambisius papan anggegana ing China barat. nanging Chongqing lan Xi'an wis nglaporaké tingkat pertumbuhan paling rikat wektu iki, miturut Lalu Lintas Piranti Papan Anggegana CAPA iku Tolok Ukur.<ref name="cqcb"/> [[gambar:BusyCKG UsualDay.jpg|thumb|left|Aircraft movement is increaing rapidly]] === Rute Internasional Terbaru === Nalika Kota Chongqing dadi [[Masukan dikendalèkaké kotamadya Republik Rakyat Cina|4 kotamadya]] saka [[Republik Rakyat Cina]] nalika taun 1997, Chongqing Jiangbei Papan Anggegana Internasional cilik banget, lan amung duwé rong penerbangan internasional per minggu. Nanging, sawéné 14 taun terakhir, mligi 5 taun terakhir, selot akèh rute internasional diluncuraké. Nalika taun 2010, ana rata-rata punjul 70 penerbangan internasional per minggu an nalika semester pertama taun 2011, jumlah iki mundhak dadi punjul satus. Jumlah iki karepaké bakal selot mundhak dadi 150 nalika taun 2012. Ing biyèné, tujuan internasional Chongqing Jiangbei Papan Anggegana Internasional kabèh éééturu ing Asia Timur lan Tenggara, kalebu Tokyo, Seoul, Hanoi, Singapura, Bangkok, Phuket, Siem Reap, lan sak panunggalé Naing, situasi iki berubah kanti rute anyar [[Qatar Airways]] lan [[Finnair]] kanggo mbukak [[Doha]] lan [[Helsinki]].<ref name="cqdoha">{{cite web|title=QATAR AIRWAYS TO FLY TO CHONGQING IN CHINA|url=http://www.qatarairways.com/global/en/newsroom/archive/PressRelease1_11Aug11.html|publisher=[[Qatar Airways]]|date=2011-08-11}}(Kaunduh 2/1/13)</ref><ref name="cqhelsinki">{{cite web|title=Finnair to open route to Chongqing in China|url=http://www.helsinki-vantaa.fi/more-information/news-archive/press-release/id=6113612/t=finnair-to-open-route-to|publisher=[[Helsinki Airport|Helsinki Vantaa International Airport]]|date=2011-05-07}}(Kaunduh 2/1/13)</ref> Tahun iki, [[Business Air]] nduwé rencana kanggo ngabakaké layanan marang Bangkok-Chongqing-Osaka lan Bangkok Chongqing-Seoul, lan [[mega Maldives]] uga berencana dawakaké penerbangan kanggo Malé-Chongqing-Tokyo, déning migunakaké [[Kebebasan saka udara|Kalima Kebebasan]]. Selanjutéa, [[Ethiopian Airlines]], lan [[Etihad Airways]] duwé kaloro nuduhaké niyat kanggo ngluncuraké penerbangan langsung marang lan saka [[Addis Ababa]] lan [[Abu Dhabi]] sajeroning pira-pira taun mengarep. anyar [[Delta Air Lines]] ngirim wakil marang Chongqing, sajeroning persiapan kanggo rute anyar saka Chongqing marang Amérika Utara.<ref name="cqna">{{cite web|title=空中银翼表 助重庆翱翔天宇|url=http://www.cq.gov.cn/today/news/355444.htm|publisher=Chongqing Municipal People's Government|language=Simplified Chinese|date=2011-10-22|access-date=2013-01-02|archive-date=2012-04-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401104807/http://www.cq.gov.cn/today/news/355444.htm|url-status=dead}}(Kaunduh 2/1/13)</ref> [[Hainan Airlines]] uga berencana kanggo nglucuraké penerbangan langsung marang [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]] lan penerbangan non-stop marangg [[Paris]] ing wektuné.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.carnoc.com/list/204/204563.htmle |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-01-02 |archive-date=2021-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516114242/https://news.carnoc.com/list/204/204563.htmle |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Maskapé Penerbangan == === Penumpang === {{airport-dest-list | 3rdcoltitle = Terminal/<br>Concourse | [[Air Asia]] | '''Musiman''': Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Phuket|1 | [[Air China]] | Beijing-Ibu kutha, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Hefei, Jinan, Lhasa, Nanjing, Qingdao, Sanya, Shanghai-Pudong, Shenzhen, Tianjin, Urumqi, Wenzhou, Xiamen, Xi'an |2B | Air China | Hong Kong, Nagoya-Centrair, Osaka-Kansai, Phuket, Seoul-Incheon, Singapura, Taipei-Taoyuan, Tokyo-Narita |1 | [[Air Macau]] | Macau |1 | [[Asiana Airlines]] | Seoul-Incheon |1 | [[Business Air]] | '''Carter''': Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Phuket |1 | [[Chengdu Airlines]] | Beihai |2A | [[China Airlines]] | Kaohsiung, Taichung |1 | [[China Eastern Airlines]] | Changsha, Changzhou, Hefei, Huai'an, Jinan, Kunming, Liuzhou, Nanjing, Ningbo, Quanzhou/Jinjiang, Shanghai-Hongqiao, Shanghai-Pudong, Shijiazhuang, Taiyuan, Wanzhou, Wenzhou, Wuhan, Wuxi, Xi'an |2B | [[China Express Airlines]] | Baise, Changzhi, Dalian, Datong, Dongying, Guiyang, Handan, Jining, Luoyang, Nanning, Nantong, Ordos, Qianjiang, Taiyuan, Tongliao, Weifang, Wuhan, Wuzhou, Xichang, Zhuhai |2B | [[China Southern Airlines]] | Beijing-Ibu kutha, Changsha, Changchun, Changsha, Dali, Dalian, Diqing, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Guilin, Guiyang, Hangzhou, Harbin, Haikou, Jiuzhaigou, Kunming, Lhasa, Lijiang, Nanchang, Nanning, Nyingchi, Sanya, Shanghai-Hongqiao, Shanghai-Pudong, Shantou, Shenyang, Shenzhen, Taiyuan, Tengchong, Urumqi, Wenzhou, Wuhan, Xiamen, Xi'an, Xishuangbanna, Yiwu, Zhengzhou, Zhuhai |2A | [[China United Airlines]] | Beijing-Nanyuan |2B | [[Chongqing Airlines]] | Beijing-Ibu kutha, Changsha, Dali, Diqing, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Guilin, Guiyang, Hangzhou, Jiuzhaigou, Kunming, Lijiang, Nanchang, Nanjing, Sanya, Shanghai-Pudong, Shenzhen, Sipsongpanna, Tengchong, Wenzhou, Wuhan |2A | [[Deer Air]] | Guangzhou, Haikou, Sanya |2A | [[Dragonair]] | Hong Kong |1 | [[Finnair]] | Helsinki |1 | [[Hainan Airlines]] | Beijing-Ibu kutha, Changsha, Changchun, Dalian, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Guilin, Haikou, Hangzhou, Jinan, Kunming, Lanzhou, Lijiang, Nanjing, Ningbo, Qingdao, Sanya, Shanghai-Hongqiao, Shenzhen, Tianjin, Urumqi, Wenzhou, Wuhan, Xiamen, Xi'an, Xishuangbanna, Yan'an, Zhangjiajie, Zhengzhou, Zhuhai |2A | [[Hebei Airlines]] | Nanning, Shijiazhuang |2B | [[Hong Kong Airlines]] | Hong Kong |1 | [[Hong Kong Express Airways]] | Hong Kong |1 | [[Juneyao Airlines]] | Shanghai-Hongqiao, Shanghai-Pudong |2B | [[Kunming Airlines]] | Huangyan, Kunming, Taizhou |2B | [[Lucky Air]] | Lijiang, Kunming, Xuzhou |2B | [[Malaysia Airlines]] | '''Carter''': Kuala Lumpur |1 | [[Mega Maldives]] | Gan, Malé |1 | [[Okay Airways]] | Changsha, Taiyuan, Tianjin |2B | [[Orient Thai Airlines]] | '''Carter''': Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi |1 | [[Qatar Airways]] | Doha |1 | [[Shandong Airlines]] | Guiyang, Harbin, Jinan, Kunming, Nanjing, Qingdao, Wuhan, Xiamen, Xi'an, Yantai, Zhengzhou |2B | [[Shanghai Airlines]] | Huangshan, Shanghai-Hongqiao |2B | [[Shenzhen Airlines]] | Dalian, Nanjing, Shenyang, Shenzhen, Taizhou, Urumqi, Wuxi, Zhengzhou |2B | [[Sichuan Airlines]] | Beijing-Ibu kutha, Changchun, Changsha, Changzhou, Chengdu, Dalian, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Guilin, Guiyang, Haikou, Hangzhou, Harbin, Hefei, Hohhot, Jinan, Jinjiang, Jiuzhaigou, Kangding, Kunming, Lanzhou, Lhasa, Lijiang City, Mianyang, Nanchang, Nanjing, Nanning, Ningbo, Panzhihua, Quanzhou/Jinjiang, Sanya, Shanghai-Pudong, Shenyang, Shenzhen, Taiyuan, Tianjin, Urumqi, Wenzhou, Wuhan, Wuxi, Xiamen, Xi'an, Xichang, Xining, Xuzhou, Yichang, Yinchuan, Zhangjiajie, Zhengzhou |2A | [[Sichuan Airlines]] | Hanoi, Phuket, Taipei-Songshan |1 | [[SilkAir]] | Singapura |1 | [[Spring Airlines]] | Shanghai-Hongqiao, Shanghai-Pudong, Shijiazhuang |2B | [[Tianjin Airlines]] | Nanning, Tianjin, Yinchuan, Yuncheng |2A | [[Tibet Airlines]] | Haikou, Lhasa, Nyingchi, Zhengzhou |2B | [[Tonlesap Airlines]] | '''Musiman''': Siem Reap |1 | [[TransAsia Airways]] | Taipei-Songshan |1 | [[Uni Air]] | Taipei-Taoyuan |1 | [[Vietnam Airlines]] | '''Carter''': Hanoi |1 | [[West Air (Republik Rakyat Cina)|West Air]] | Changsha, Dalian, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Guilin, Haikou, Jinan, Kunming, Lijiang, Nanjing, Ningbo, Qingdao, Sanya, Tianjin, Wenzhou, Wuhan, Xiamen, Xi'an, Xishuangbanna, Zhangjiajie, Zhengzhou, Zhuhai |2A | [[Xiamen Airlines]] | Changsha, Fuzhou, Guilin, Hangzhou, Lijiang, Nanchang, Quanzhou, Tianjin, Wuhan, Xiamen, Xi'an |2B }} === Kargo === {{airport-dest-list |[[Air China Cargo]]|Chennai, Luxembourg, Shanghai-Pudong <br>'''Carter:''' Chicago-O'Hare<ref>[http://news.ifeng.com/mil/air/hkxw/detail_2011_07/02/7397291_0.shtml 国货航成功执行重庆第一班至北美货运包机]</ref> |[[Cathay Pacific]]|Hong Kong |[[China Airlines]]|Taipei-Taoyuan<ref>{{cite web|title=华航11月2日开通“高雄——重庆”直航航线,11月4日起将增辟台北（桃园）——重庆货运航线|url=http://news.carnoc.com/list/204/204473.html|publisher=民航资源网|language=Cina|date=2011-11-02|accessdate=2011-11-02|archive-date=2023-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126165619/http://news.carnoc.com/list/204/204473.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |[[China Southern]]|Amsterdam<ref>{{cite web|title=China Southern Launches the First Regular International Freighter Service of Chongqing|url=http://www.csair.cn/_layouts/GroupPortal2010en/pages/newsdetail.aspx?itemid=75&ListName=News|publisher=[[China Southern Airlines]]|language=Inggris|date=2011-09-23|accessdate=2011-10-15|archive-date=2012-03-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329135732/http://www.csair.cn/_layouts/GroupPortal2010en/pages/newsdetail.aspx?itemid=75&ListName=News|url-status=dead}}</ref> , Shanghai-Pudong |[[China Eastern]]|Dhaka, Shanghai-Pudong<ref>http://caac.people.com.cn/GB/114110/8772652.html{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |[[Emirates SkyCargo]]|'''Carter:''' Dubai |[[EVA Air]]|Taipei-Taoyuan |[[Jade Cargo International]]|Amsterdam, Brescia, Dubai, Frankfurt, Hong Kong, Wina<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cq.xinhuanet.com/news/2009-09/15/content_17702560.htm |title=重庆机场首开欧洲国际货运航线 |access-date=2012-12-31 |archive-date=2012-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404122423/http://www.cq.xinhuanet.com/news/2009-09/15/content_17702560.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> |[[Shenzhen Donghai Airlines]]|Hong Kong |[[Singapore Airlines Cargo]]|Bengaluru, Dhaka, Kolkata, Shanghai-Pudong, Singapura<ref>{{cite web|title=重庆机场冬春季货运航线将达13条以上|url=http://www.cah.com.cn/news.php?id=4912|publisher=[[China Southern Airlines]]|language=Cina|date=2011-11-03|accessdate=2011-11-03|archive-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425132755/http://www.cah.com.cn/news.php?id=4912|url-status=dead}}</ref> |[[TNT Airways]]|Liege, Shanghai-Pudong |[[Yangtze River Express]]|Guangzhou, Luxembourg, Moskwa, Shanghai-Pudong, Taipei-Taoyuan }} == Cathetan sikil == {{reflist|35em}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.cqa.cn/u/jichang/ Papan Anggegana Internasional Jiangbei Chongqing] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605091945/https://www.cqa.cn/u/jichang |date=2021-06-05 }} {{zh icon}} * {{WAD|ZUCK}} {{Papan anggegana di Republik Rakyat Cina}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Jiangbei}} [[Kategori:Papan anggegana di Chongqing]] [[Kategori:Papan anggegana yang didirikan taun 1990]] f2ma6725xis3ubdal2ljbzsou8x4zzp 0 95960 1756858 1756649 2026-09-22T04:31:21Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1756858 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rapèkaké}} [[Gambar:Pt pupuk sriwijadja.jpg|thumb|240px]] {{for|perusahaan kang dahulu bernama PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja (Persero)|Pupuk Indonésia}} {{Kotak info perusahaan | company_name = PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang | company_logo = [[Berkas:Pusri.jpeg‎|center|150px]] | company_type = | foundation = [[12 November]] [[2010]] | location = [[Palembang]], [[Indonésia]] | key_people = Parikesit Suprapto, PhD , Komisaris {{br}}Edy Putra Irawady, SH , Direktur Utama |Ir. Arifin Tasrif | industry = [[Urea]] dan [[Amoniak]] | products = {{br}}Urea{{br}} Amoniak | revenue = | operating_income = | net_income = | num_employees = (organik){{br}} (non-organik) | parent = [[PT Pupuk Indonésia]] | subsid = {{br}}PT Sri Melamin Rejeki {{br}}PT Puspetindo | homepage = http://www.pusri.co.id/ | footnotes = }} '''PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang''', kang kondhang minangka PT Pusri, wujud anak perusahaan saka [[PT Pupuk Indonésia]] (Persero)<ref name="anak perusahaan pihc">{{Cite web |url=http://pupuk-indonesia.com/id/kepemilikan-saham |title=Anak Perusahaan PT Pupuk Indonésia |access-date=2013-01-14 |archive-date=2013-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115064736/http://pupuk-indonesia.com/id/kepemilikan-saham |url-status=dead }}</ref> kang bergerak ing babagan [[produksi]] lan [[pemasaran]] [[pupuk]]. == Sajarah == ==== Pupuk Sriwidjaja minangka Induk Pupuk Indonésia ==== Nalika taun 1997, Pusri ditunjuk minangka perusahaan induk membawahi papat BUMN kang bergerak ing babagan indhustri pupuk lan petrokimia, ya iku PT Petrokimia Gresik ing [[Gresik]], [[Jawa Timur]]; PT Pupuk Kujang ing [[Cikampek]], [[Jawa Barat]]; PT Pupuk Kaltim ing [[Bontang]], [[Kalimantan Timur]]; lan PT Pupuk Iskandar Muda ing [[Lhokseumawe]], [[Acèh]]; sarta BUMN kang bergerak ing babagan engineering, procurement & construction (EPC), ya iku PT Rekayasa Industri (kantore pusat ing Jakarta). Nalika taun 1998, anak perusahaan Pusri bertambah siji BUMN manhe, ya iku PT Mega Eltra ing Jakarta kang bergerak ing babagan perdagangan. awit Pamaréntah Indonésia mindahake sekabehane sahamnya kang dipanggonake ing Industri Pupuk Dalam Negeri lan ing PT Mega Eltra marang PUSRI, liwat Peraturan Pamaréntah (PP) nomer 28 taun 1997 lan PP nomer 34 taun 1998, mangka PUSRI, kang berkedudukan ing Palembang, Sumatera Selatan, dadi Induk Perusahaan (Operating Holding) kanti membawahi 6 (enam) anak perusahaan kalebu anak perusahaan penyertaan langsung ya iku PT Rekayasa Industri, masing-masing perusahaan bergerak sajrone babagan usaha: * PT Petrokimia Gresik kang berkedudukan ing Gresik, Jawa Timur. Produksi lan masarake pupuk urea, ZA, SP-36/SP-18, [[Phonska]], DAP, NPK, ZK, lan indhustri kimia lliyane sarta Pupuk Organik. * PT Pupuk Kujang, kang berkedudukan ing Cikampek, Jawa Barat. Memproduksi lan masarake pupuk urea lan indhustri kimia liyané. * PT Pupuk Kalimantan Timur, kang kedudukane ing Bontang, Kalimantan Timur. Produksi lan masarake pupuk urea lan indhustri kimia liyané. * PT Pupuk Iskandar Muda, kang kedudukane ing Lhokseumawe, Nangroe Acèh Darussalam. Produksi an masarake pupuk Urea lan indhustri kimia liyané. * PT Rekayasa Industri, kang kedudukane ing Jakarta, Bergerak sajrone penyediaan Jasa Engineering, Procurement & Construction (EPC) guna yasa indhustri gas & lenga bumi, pupuk, kimia dan petrokimia, pertambangan, pembangkit listrik (panas bumi, batu bara, micro-hydro, diesel). * PT Mega Eltra, kang kedudukane ing Jakarta kanti babagan usaha mligi ya iku Perdagangan Umum. === Periode Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang === Nalika taun [[2010]], dilakokake pemisahan ('''Spin-Off''') saka PT. Pupuk Sriwidjaja (Persero) (Pusri) marang PT. Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang (Pusri Palembang)<ref>[http://www.republika.co.id/berita/breaking-news/ekonomi/11/01/02/155887-pusri-resmi-jadi-holding-bumn-pupuk Pusri resmi jadi holding bumn pupuk]</ref>. Owah-owahan iki terutang sajrone owah-owahan anggaran dhasar<ref name="sajarah pusri">{{Cite web |url=http://www.pusri.co.id/50profil01.php |title=Sejarah Pusri |access-date=2013-01-14 |archive-date=2012-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710060935/http://www.pusri.co.id/50profil01.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Pengalihan hak lan kewajiban Pusri marang Pusri Palembang tertuang sajrone [[Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham]] - Luar Biyasa nalika [[24 Dhésèmber]] 2010<ref name="sajarah pusri" />. Serah tampa kalungguhan lan pengalihan hak lan kewajiban efektif nalika [[1 Januari]] 2011<ref name="sajarah pusri" />. Pusri Palembang tetep migunakaké logo lan merk dagang Pusri<ref name="sajarah pusri" />. Pusri dhéwé ganti jeneng dadi [[Pupuk Indonésia]] lan migunakaké merk Pupuk Indonésia lan logo Pupuk Indonésia<ref name="ganti nama dan logo ke pupuk indonesia">[http://www.pupuk-kujang.co.id/allmenu.php?idn=36&idd=166&PHPSESSID=d75250648bd1364e7d411e70d66d8ad9 Lauching Nama dan Logo Baru Holding Pupuk]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. == Anak Perusahaan == # PT Sri Melamin Rejeki<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri">{{Cite web |url=http://www.pusri.co.id/50profil10.php |title=Anak Perusahaan Pusri |access-date=2013-01-14 |archive-date=2013-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130111035224/http://www.pusri.co.id/50profil10.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> (20%)<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri 2">{{Cite web |url=http://www.pusri.co.id/index0300.php |title=Anak Perusahaan Pusri 2 |access-date=2013-01-14 |archive-date=2012-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717073925/http://www.pusri.co.id/index0300.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>, kang bergerak sajrone produksi melamin. # [http://www.puspetindo.com PT Puspetindo]<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri" /> (5.3%)<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri 2" />, kang bergerak sajrone produksi peralatan pabrik. # [http://twinplazahotèl.co.id/ PT Slipi Sri Indopuri]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot 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Bersubsidi kanggo Sektor Pertanian, ya iku kanti pola rayonisasi distribusi pupuk kanggo produsen pupuk. Wewengkon Pemsaran Pupuk Sriwidjaja diduduhake kanti warna biru sarta anakan perusahaane. [[Gambar:Insetpemasaran02.jpg|center|500px]] == Prastawa wigati == # Pusri didegake nalika tanggal 24 Dhésèmber 1959 di Palembang, kanti kagiyatan usaha produksi pupuk urea. # nalika taun [[1963]] beroperasi pabrik pupuk urea pertama ya iku: ” PUSRI I ” kanti kapasitas terpasang 100.000 ton per taun. # Tahun [[1974]] dibangun pabrik pupuk Urea kapindho ya iku “ PUSRI II “ kanti kapasitas terpasang 380.000 ton pertahun (awit taun 1992 kapasitase ditingkatake / optimasi dadi 570.000 ton/taun). # Tahun [[1976]] dibangun pabrik pupuk Urea ketelu, ya iku “ PUSRI III ” kanti kapasitas terpasang 570.000 ton pertahun. # Tahun [[1977]] dibangun pabrik pupuk Urea kepapat, ya iku “ PUSRI IV ” kanti kapasitas terpasang 570.000 ton pertahun. # Tahun [[1979]], pamaréntah ngukuhaké PT.Pusri minangka perusahaan kang bertanggung jawab sajrone pengadaan lan penyaluran sekabehane jinis pupuk bersubsidi, baik kang berskala saka produksi sajrone nagari utawa import kanggo memenuhi kebutuhan program intensivikasi pertanian (Bimas lan Inmas). # Tahun [[1990]] dibangun pabrik pupuk Urea, ya iku “ PUSRI I B ” kanti kapasitas terpasang 570.000 ton pertahun minangka pengganti pabrik Puri I kang diendeg operasine amarga usia teknis lan wis ora efisien manèh. Pabrik iki wiwit produksi nalika taun 1994, wujud pabrik pertama kang digarap sapérangan besar déning ahli-ahli bangsa Indonésia, kang dibangun kanti konsèp hemat ènergi lan migunakaké sistem kendali komputer “Distributed Control System” # Tanggal [[12 November]] [[2010]], pemisahan PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang saka PT Pusri. == Struktur Kepemilikan Saham == * PT Pupuk Indonésia (99,99%)<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri" /> * Yayasan Kesejahteraan Karyawan Pusri (0,01%)<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri" /> [[Gambar:Strukturholding.jpg|center|600px]] == Cathetan sikil == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.pusri.co.id/ Situs Resmi PT. Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130326054110/http://pusri.co.id/ |date=2013-03-26 }} [[Kategori:Kota Palembang]] [[Kategori:Perusahaan Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Pupuk]] 66ka3x6mhoswtiakmka2xo1c86tagnd 0 99887 1756848 1647064 2026-09-21T23:23:05Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1756848 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Coupole Bischoffsheim.jpg|thumb|Observatorium Nice]] '''Observatorium Nice''' ya iku observatorium astronomi kang mapan ing [[Nice]], [[Perancis]] ing puncak gunung [[Gros]]. Observatorium Nice tinemu ing taun 1879 déning pegawé bank [[Raphaël Bischoffsheim]]. Sing ngrancang ya iku [[Charles Garnier]] lan [[Gustave Eiffel]]. The architect was [[Charles Garnier (architect)|Charles Garnier]], and [[Gustave Eiffel]]. [[Gustave Eiffel]] ngrancang kubah kang pokok. [[Image:Telescope.jpg|thumb|left|Great Refractor]] [[Image:Grande Lunette Nice.jpg|thumb|Great Refractor]] Teleskop refraktor kang dawané 77&nbsp;cm (30.3 inch) digawé déning [[Gautier]]. Bisa digunakaké nalika taun [[1886]] nganti1 [[1887]]. Teleskop refraktor kalebu piranti kang gedhé dhéwé ing observatorim lan didanai déning swasta, lan kang kaping pisanan dhuwuré bisa nganti 325 mèter (1,066&nbsp;ft) ing ndhuwur lumah sagara. Kuwi lensané luwih gedhé sitik lan luwih dawa sitik tinimbang kang paling anyar (1895) 30 inch ing observatorium Pulkovo ing Kamaharajan [[Ruslan]]. Teleskop [[Perancis]] uga piranti kang duwé ''ketinggian'' kang dhuwur. Teleskop 30 inch iku loro-loroné kepalané ing 69&nbsp;cm ing Observatorium Wina Observatory (rampung wiwit 1880-an). Telu-teluné ngungkuli refraktor 36 in (91&nbsp;cm) kang dipasang ing Observatorium Lick ing taun [[1889]]. Minangka lembaga ilmiah, Observatorium Nice anané ora suwé. Observtorium Nice gabung karo CERGA ing taun [[1988]] kanthi wujud ''Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur''. Observatorium Nice dadi kang diutamaake ing [[1999]] ing filem [[Simon Sez]]. ==Directur== * [[Henri Joseph Anastase Perrotin]] [[1880]]—[[1904]]<ref>{{cite book|title=The Observatory, Volume 25|year=1904|publisher=Editors of the Observatory|pages=171, 176|url=http://books.google.com/?id=aZcOAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA176&dq=nice+observatory+director#v=onepage&q=nice%20observatory%20director&f=false}}</ref> * General J. A. L. Bassot [[1904]]—[[1917]]<ref name="Bassot">{{cite book|title=Popular astronomy, Volume 25|year=1917|publisher=Goodsell Observatory of Carleton College|pages=411, 480|url=http://books.google.com/?id=FAJLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA480&dq=nice+observatory+director#v=onepage&q=nice%20observatory%20director&f=false}}</ref> * Gaston Fayet [[1917]]—[[1962]]<ref name="Bassot" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Case Newsletter No. 6, April 2001|url=http://www.bath.ac.uk/ncuacs/casenl6.htm|work=Cooperation on Archives of Science in Europe|publisher=University of Bath|accessdate=23 July 2010|archive-date=7 February 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207101132/http://www.bath.ac.uk/ncuacs/casenl6.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Jean-Claude Pecker]] [[1962]]—[[1969]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Current issues in cosmology|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-85898-4|url=http://books.google.com/?id=VXTLsPS3q_0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=current+issues+in+cosmology#v=onepage&q=pecker&f=false|editor=Jean-Claude Pecker, Jayant Vishnu Narlikar|accessdate=23 July 2010|page=i|year=2006}}</ref> * [[Philippe Delache]] [[1969]]—[[1972]]<ref name="PhDelache">{{cite journal|last=Bonnet|first=R. M.|title=The scientific achievements of Ph. Delache|journal=Sounding solar and stellar interiors|year=1996|pages=222|editor1-last=Janine Provost, Francois-Xavier Schmider|publisher=Dordrecht Kluwer Academic Publishers|bibcode=1997IAUS..181..221B|id=ISBN 0792348389}}</ref> * Philippe Delache [[1975]]<ref name="PhDelache" /> * Philippe Delache [[1989]]—[[1994]]<ref name="PhDelache" /> ==Cathetan suku== {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * {{Official website|http://www.oca.eu/accueil/english}} * [http://www.e-rara.ch/doi/10.3931/e-rara-2174 ''Monographie de l'observatoire de Nice''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203185454/http://www.e-rara.ch/doi/10.3931/e-rara-2174 |date=2016-02-03 }} by Charles Garnier bbsvaqn0beete6dvnyvpr9dx99epvbk 0 106843 1756844 1420726 2026-09-21T21:12:39Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1756844 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Company |name = Motion Radio |logo = [[Berkas:MOTION RADIO.png|200px]] |type = |genre = |foundation = [[2009]] |founder = [[Kompas Gramedia]] |location = Jl Kebahagiaan 4-14, [[Jakarta Barat]] |origins = |key_people = |area_served = [[Jakarta]] |industry = [[Penyiaran umum]] |products = |services = |revenue = |operating_income = |net_income = |num_employees = |parent = |divisions = |subsid = |owner = [[Kompas Gramedia]] |slogan = Hanya Lagu HITS dan FAVORIT |homepage = [http://www.motionradiofm.com/ www.motionradiofm.com] |dissolved = |footnotes = }} '''97.5 FM Motion Radio Jakarta''' ya iku salah sijiné [[stasiun radio]] kang ngudara ing [[Jakarta]] kang duwé [[frekuensi]] 97.5. FM. Motion Radio duweke [[Kompas Gramedia]]. == SEJARAH == Kawiwitan saka radio '''Safari Bisnis FM''' kang ngadeg ing taun 90-an, banjur owah dadi '''Jakarta News FM''', lan ing [[2004]], stasiun radio iki ngalami masalah internal, ya iku panjupukan piranti giyaran saka stasiun radio kang duwé pusat ing [[Pondok Indah]], [[Jakarta Selatan]] iki, biyene dialihake ing [[Kompas Gramedia]]. Pengalihan iki ditentang para karyawan. Para karyawan nuntut supaya '''Jaknews FM''' dibalikake saka [[Kompas Gramedia]], kang saikine duwé jeneng '''Otomotion FM'''. Sawisé 4 taun duwé jeneng '''Otomotion FM''', ing [[2009]] dadi '''Motion Radio'''. Saikine, Motion Radio ana ing frekuensi '''97,5 FM''' lan bisa digelar ing tlatah [[Jabodetabek]]. == MOTION975FM == '''97.5 FM Motion Radio''' ya iku radio musik kang informatif lan inovatif tumrap Motioners (jejuluk kanggo sutresna Motion Radio -red) kang duwé jiwa nom sangisoring naungan grup médhia gedhé dhéwé ing Indonesia, Kompas Gramedia. Jumbuh tagline, '''"mung lagu HITS lan FAVORIT"'''''Teks miring'', 97.5 FM Motion Radio tansah dadi kanca cedhak kang nyuguhake musik lan informasi kang ngerteni kebutuhan lan kekarepane sutersnane sasuwéné 24 jam, 7 dina nonstop. == MOTIONERS PROFILE == * Umur : 20-35 th * SES : AB * Gender : Wadon (50%) & Lanang (50%) * Pekerjaan : Karyawan, profésional, entrepreneur & mahasiswa * Domisili : Jakarta, Dhépok, Tangerang, Bekasi & Bogor * Karakter : Dinamis, modern, open minded, duwé wawasan amba, family person, gaul, smartworker, tansah trend lan brand sensitive. == MUSIC FORMAT == '''97.5 FM Motion Radio''' muter lagu-lagu '''Hot AC (Adult Contemporary)'''''Teks miring'' ya iku lagu-lagu hits kang akèh disenengi kalangan diwasa nom saka manéka macem genre musik lan era kang lan isih diminati target market 97.5 FM Motion Radio. * Music Composition : 50% lagu Indonesia lan 50% lagu ngamanca * Sounds Like : Mancanegara = Beyonce, Coldplay, Sade, Maroon 5, Lady Gaga, Sting, Jason Mraz, Black Eyed Peas, lsp. * Indonesia = Maliq & D'Essentials, Yovie & Nuno, D'Masiv, Peterpan, Ello, Letto, Dewi Sandra, Sandy Sondhoro, lsp. == REFERENSI == * [http://www.detiknews.com/read/2005/11/22/163804/483986/10/meski-menangkan-jaknews-fm-putusan-kpi-dinilai-tak-tegas?nd992203605/ Detikcom] == PRANALA LUAR == * [http://www.motionradiofm.com/ Situs Resmi Motion Radio]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Kategori:Stasiun radio Indonesia]] 2xyg207pzl6pz7mkbb3nc4narm1eyuh 0 161807 1756855 1755362 2026-09-22T04:03:32Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1756855 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Yugure_II.jpg|300px|right|thumb|Prau panumpes Jepang Yūgure, taun 1935.]] {{nihongo|'''Prau ''Yūgure'''''|夕暮||''Sonten''}}<ref>{{cite book | last = Nelson | first = Andrew N. | year = 1967 | title = Japanese–English Character Dictionary | url = https://archive.org/details/modernreadersjap0000nels_z6z9 | publisher = Tuttle | isbn = 0-8048-0408-7|page=283}}</ref> iku prau panumpes klas Hatsuharu kang kaanggo nalika [[Perang Donya II]] darbéné [[Wadya Sagara Kamaharajan Jepang]]. Prauné minangka prau angka enem ing klas Hatsuharu. ''Yūgure'' kapernahaké rikala 9 April 1933 déning [[Astragara Wadya Sagara Maizuru]]; banjur kababar rikala 6 Mèi 1934. Prau iki kinepyakaké rikala 30 Maret 1935 ing pamangkuné Mayor Shiro Yasutake<ref> {{cite book | last = Toyama | first = Misao | title = 艦長たちの軍艦史 | publisher = Kojinsha| year = 2005| isbn = 4-7698-1246-9 |pages=300-301}}</ref>. Prau iki kèrem rikala 20 Juli 1943 ing Kolombangara ({{coord|07|25|S|156|45|E}}).<ref name="TROM">{{cite web|url=http://www.combinedfleet.com/yugure_t.htm|title={{PAGENAME}} ing Combinedfleet.com|last=Nevitt|first=Allyn D.|year=1998|work=Kuchikukan!|publisher=www.combinedfleet.com|accessdate=July 5, 2010|archive-date=May 21, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521010917/http://www.combinedfleet.com/yugure_t.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Réferensi == {{reflist}} == Wacan liyané == *{{cite book | last = D'Albas | first = Andrieu| year = 1965 | title = Death of a Navy: Japanese Naval Action in World War II | publisher = Devin-Adair Pub| isbn = 0-8159-5302-X}} *{{cite book | last = Brown | first = David| year = 1990 | title = Warship Losses of World War Two | publisher = Naval Institute Press| isbn = 1-55750-914-X}} *{{cite book | last = Howarth | first = Stephen | year = 1983 | title = The Fighting Ships of the Rising Sun: The Drama of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1895–1945 | url = https://archive.org/details/fightingshipsofr0000howa | publisher = Atheneum | location = | isbn = 0-689-11402-8}} *{{cite book | last = Jentsura | first = Hansgeorg | year = 1976 | title = Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869–1945 | publisher = US Naval Institute Press | isbn = 0-87021-893-X }} * {{cite book|last=Lengerer|first=Hans|title=The Japanese Destroyers of the Hatsuharu Class|publisher=Conway|location=London|year=2007|series=Warship 2007|pages=91–110|isbn=1-84486-041-8}} * {{cite book | last = Morison | first = Samuel Eliot | authorlink = Samuel Eliot Morison| year = 1961| title = Aleutians, Gilberts and Marshalls, June 1942-April 1944, ''vol. 7 of ''[[History of United States Naval Operations in World War II]] | publisher = [[Little, Brown and Company]] | location = Boston| id = ASIN B0007FBB8I}} *{{cite book | last = Watts | first = Anthony J | year = 1967 | title = Japanese Warships of World War II | publisher = Doubleday | id = ASIN B000KEV3J8}} *{{cite book | last = Whitley | first = M J | title = Destroyers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia | publisher = Arms and Armour Press | year = 2000 | location = London | isbn = 1-85409-521-8 }} ==Pranala njaba== * {{cite web| last = Globalsecurity.org| first = | url = http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/japan/Yūgure-dd.htm| title = Prau panumpes klas Hatsuharu| work = }}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{prau panumpes klas Hatsuharu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Yūgure}} [[Kategori:Prau taun 1934]] 6d8fstgacjzexrfq25o4srgjv2df8jl 0 161858 1756854 1754770 2026-09-22T03:59:39Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1756854 wikitext text/x-wiki {{nihongo|'''Prau ''Fukae'''''|福江}} iku prau pangayom pasisir angka sepuluh ing klas Etorofu kang kaanggo nalika [[Perang Donya II]] darbéné [[Wadya Sagara Kamaharajan Jepang]]. Aran prau iki saka jenengé [[Pulo Fukue|Pulo Fukae]]. ''Fukae'' kapernahaké rikala 30 Oktober 1942 déning [[Uraga Dock Company]]; banjur kababar rikala 2 April 1943. Prau iki kinepyakaké rikala 28 Juni 1943 ing pamangkuné Mayor Egawa Hirose.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jacar.archives.go.jp/aj/meta/image_C13072091700?IS_KEY_S1=C13072091700&IS_KIND=detail&IS_STYLE=default&IS_TAG_S1=InD&|title=６月（６）|website=www.jacar.archives.go.jp|access-date=2019-05-27}}{{Pranala mati|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ''Fukae'' diwenehake kanggo Karajan Manunggal lan kabungkar rikala 16 Juli 1947.<ref name="TROM">{{cite web | url= http://www.combinedfleet.com/Fukue_t.htm | title= {{PAGENAME}} ing Combinedfleet.com | last= Hackett | first= Bob | author2= Sander Kingsepp | author3= Peter Cundall | year= 2010 | work= Junyokan! | publisher= www.combinedfleet.com | access-date= 2019-05-27 | archive-date= 2021-12-07 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211207064541/http://www.combinedfleet.com/Fukue_t.htm | url-status= dead }}</ref> == Réferensi == {{reflist}} == Wacan liyané == * {{cite book|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946|url=https://archive.org/details/conwaysallworlds1922unse|editor1-last=Chesneau|editor1-first=Roger|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=Greenwich, UK|year=1980|isbn=0-85177-146-7}} *{{cite book| last = Jentschura| first = Hansgeorg| first2 = Dieter |last2=Jung|first3=Peter |last3=Mickel| year = 1977| title = Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869–1945| publisher = United States Naval Institute| location = Annapolis, Maryland| isbn = 0-87021-893-X|lastauthoramp=y}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.combinedfleet.com/Etorofu_c.htm Prau pangayom pasisir klas Etorofu] {{prau pangayom pasisir klas Etorofu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fukae}} [[Kategori:Prau taun 1943]] lrixe53wy3xmqkjlb9ea696ygjz7unm 0 163510 1756847 1756368 2026-09-21T22:32:36Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1756847 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:AberdeenBestiaryFolio004vChristInMajesty.jpg|jmpl|377x377px|Ing pangretosan ciyut, naskah ingkang mawi iluminasi punika namung kacakup ing naskah-naskah ingkang dipunrenggan kanthi sepuhan emas utawi pérak. [[Lukisan miniatur Maiestas Domini]] (Kristus ingkang manggèn ing saknginggilipun kursi raja utawi singgasana) saking Kitab [[Bestiarium Aberdeen]] (folio 4v) punika saged kawastanan "naskah beriluminasi".]] [[Gambar:Meister des Maréchal de Boucicaut 001.jpg|ka|jmpl|324x324px| Rerenggan kaca [[Buku Ibadat Harian|buku Ibadat Padinan]] Perancis saking [[Ca.|''ca.'']]''1400 punika nyakupi salah satunggaling lukisan miniatur, inisial, ugi marjinalia.'' ]] '''Naskah mawi iluminasi''' inggih punika [[naskah]] ingkang ngandhut tèks ingkang dipunimbuhi rerenggan kadosta [[inisial, marjinalia]], ugi [[gambar miniatur.]] Ing tetegesan ciyut, istilah punika namung miturut naskah-naskah ingkang kagungan rerenggan wujud gambar kanthi sepuhan emas ugi perak; ananging ing salebeting pacelathon sabendinten punapa déné ing salebeting kajian ilmiah modhéren, istilah punika dipunginakaken minangka sebatan umum tumrap sedaya naskah ingkang kagungan rerenggan utawi kangungan ilustrasi ingkang dipunanggit ing [[Donya Kulon|donya kilèn.]] Naskah-naskah sijinis ingkang dipunanggit ing [[Wetan tebih|Wétan tebih]] ugi [[Mesoamerika]] kawastanan "[[naskah bergambar]]". Naskah-naskah [[Islam]] saged kasebat ngemu iluminasi, ilustrasi, utawi gambar, nadyan awit dasaripun sampun dipunyasa utawi dipundamel mawi tèknik-tèknik ingkang sami kaliyan naskah-naskah kilèn. Artikel punika njlèntrèhaken ngenani sajarah, tèknik, sosial, tuwin ékonomi saking naskah ingkang mawi iluminasi; kagem pembahasan ngenani sajarah kagunannipun, saged mirsani [[Miniatur.|miniatur]] punika. Naskah-naskah mawi iluminasi langkung sepuh piyambak ingkang sintas mijil saking kinten-kinten 400 dumugi 600 tahun Masèhi, dipunanggit ing [[Kerajaan Tiyang Ostrogoth|Krajan Tiyang Ostrogoth]] ugi [[Kekaisaran Romawi Wétan|Kekaisaran Romawi wétan.]] Iluminasi ing salebeting naskah-naskah punika boten kémawon ngemu utawi kagungan nilai kagunan tuwin nilai sajarah ingkang nginggil, ananging ugi sampun nduwèni (jasa), sampun njagi ugi nglestantunaken (mata rantai) utawi urut-urutan melèk aksara ingkang dipunbentuk kaliyan tèks-tèks ingkang boten mawi iluminasi. Tanpa wontenipun daya nyambut damel saking para-para juru carik [[biara|asrama]] ing [[ujung Abad Antik]] punika, sapérangan ageng karya sastra Yunani ugi Romawi kirang langkung sampun musna saking Éropa. Kados ingkang sampun-sampun, pola sintas salah satunggaling karya tulis punika saèstu katemtokaken dening mupangatipun kagem saglintir tiyang Kristen ingkang melèk aksara. Iluminasi ing naskah-naskah, minangka salah satunggaling cara kagem mulyakaken dhokumèn-dhokumèn kuno, sampun paring pambiyantu nglestantunaken kawontenan ugi nonjolaken nilai informasi saking naskah-naskah punika, salaminipun wekdal nalika golongan panguwasa sampun boten malih nguwaosi basa-basa ingkang dipunginakaken salebeting naskah-naskah punika. Sapérangan ageng naskah mawi iluminasi ingkang sintas mijil saking [[Abad Pertengahan]], ananging taksih kathah ugi ingkang sintas saking [[Abad Pembaharuan]] utawi Abad anyar, sesarengan kaliyan saglintir naskah mawi iluminasi ingkang mijil saking ujunging [[Abad Antik]]. Sapérangan ageng naskah punika ngemu wos ngenani tèks-tèks bab agama. Awit saking punika, mliginipun wiwit abad kaping-13, tèks-tèks sékulèr pun ugi saya kathah ingkang dipunanggit mawi iluminasi. Sapérangan ageng naskah mawi iluminasi dipunyasa mawi bentuk [[Kodèks|kodhèks]], ingkang nggantosi bahan mawi bentuk [[gulungan]]. Sakedhik sanget sisa-sisa naskah mawi iluminasi ing papirus ingkang sintas, amargi papirus punika boten saged awèt sanget kadosta [[Velum|vélum]] utawi [[Perkamen|perkamèn]]. Sapérangan ageng naskah saking [[Abad Pertengahan]], ingkang wujud iluminasi punapa déné ingkang boten, dipunserat wonten ing perkamèn (limrahipun dipunyasa saking kulit pedhèt utawi [[anak lembu]], biri-biri, utawi ménda, ananging kathah dredah ingkang dipunanggep penting supados saged dipuniluminasi ugi dipun serat wonten ing perkamèn ingkang mutunipun inggil (saé) inggih punika kawastanan vélum. Wiwit ujunging [[Abad pertengahan]], naskah-naskah wiwit dipun tulis wonten ing dluwang utawi kertas.<ref>[[Buku Misa Silos]] saking kawitan abad kaping-11, dipunserat ing bahan ingkang boten limrah sajeroning yasa buku-buku ing wekdal punika, mijil saking Spanyol, cerak saking pusat yasa dluwang kaum Muslim ing [[Al-Andaluz]]. Panyeratan naskah ing dluwang lami-laminipun saya limrah dipunleksanakaken, ananging perkamèn ingkang langkung awis ugi taksih lankung asring dipunginakaken ing sajeroning yasa naskah-naskah mawi iluminasi dumugi ngantos purnaning période punika.</ref> Buku-buku cithak (generasi perdana) kadhangkala dipunanggit kanthi nglonggaraken wekdal dhumateng rubrik-rubrik saha miniatur-miniatur, utawi dipunparingi inisial-inisial rerenggan, utawi rerenggan wonten ing marjin halaman punika. Ananging pamanggihing tèknik cithak dadosaken iluminasi ing karya-karya tulis saya dangu saya kirang. Naskah-naskah mawi iluminasi taksih dipunasilaken terus ing kawitan abad kaping-16, ananging langkung sekedhik cacahipun. Sapérangan angeng naskah-naskah mawi iluminasi ing kawitan abad kaping-16 dipunanggit amargi panyuwunan saking tiyang-tiyang sugih punika. Naskah inggih punika salah satunggaling barang ingkang kagungan kathah [[sintas]] saking [[Abad Pertengahan]]; wonten éwonan cacahipun. Naskah-naskah punika inggih minangka spèsimèn-spèsimèn ingkang saé piyambak saking lukisan Abad Pertengahan ingkang mampu sintas ugi ingkang paling karawat, langkung malih, kadhang lukisan-lukisan ingkang natos dipunanggit ing kathah panggènan saha wekdal ing salebeting sajarah. == <big>Sajarah</big> == [[Gambar:Books in the monastery museum (5494269533).jpg|jmpl| Naskah-naskah mawi iluminasi ingkang kasimpen ding [[Ura Kidane Mehret]], salah satunggaling gedhung [[Geréja Ortodoks Étiopia|gréja Ortodoks Étiopia]] saking abad kaping 16 ing [[Semenanjung Zegé|Tanjung Zegé]], [[Danau Tana]], Étiopia. ]] Para sajarawan kagunan rupa nggolongaken naskah-naskah mawi iluminasi miturut jinis saha périodhe yasanipun, inggih punika naskah paling kéntun piyambak ing périodhe [[Abad Antik]], [[naskah Insular]], [[naskah Karoling]], [[naskah Ottonen]], [[naskah Roman]], [[naskah Gotik]], ugi [[naskah Abad Pembaharuan]]. Ugi wonten sekedhik naskah mawi iluminasi saking périodhe-périodhe ingkang langkung énggal. Jinis-jinis naskah ingkang dipunanggit mawi rerenggan saéngga kadhang-kadhang kasebut ugi mawi sebutan "buku pajangan", bènten-bènten saking setunggal pèriode tumuju pèriode sanèsipun. Ing périodhe milénium kang sepisan, sapérangan ageng saking naskah-naskah punika wujudipun kadosta [[Kitab Injil]], antawisipun [[Kitab Injil Lindisfarne]] saha [[Kitab Kells]]. Ing périodhe Roman, kathah dipunanggit [[Alkitab]] ingkang jangkep ugi mawi iluminasi kang ukuranipun ageng, salah satungaling kitab punika inggih Alkitab ingkang wonten ing [[Swèdhen]]. Betahaken tenaga pustakawan cacah tiga kagem njunjung Alkitab punika. Kathah [[buku Mazmur]] ugi dipunrengga kanthi kathah (malimpah-limpah), ing [[période Roman|périodhe Roman]] punapa déné [[période Gotik|périodhe Gotik]]. Kartu-kartu utawi poster-poster ing saklembaripun mawi bahan dasar vélum, kulit samakan, utawi kertas, ugi sampun dumugi ngendi-ngendi (nyebar dumugi pundi-pundi). Lembaran punika ngemu wos carita-carita cekak utawi légenda-légenda ngenani tiyang-tiyang kudus, kesatria-kesatria budiman, utawi tokoh-tokoh mitos, langkung malih ngenani para durjana, prastawa ing salebeting masyarakat (kemasyarakatan), utawi prastawa-prastawa ingkang gawé takjub tuwin nengsemaken; prastawa-prastawa populèr kadhang kerep dipunsadhur kanthi bébas déning para juru carita saha para lakon kagem nyengkuyung péntasipun panjenengan sedaya. Jinis naskah ingkang pungkasan inggih punika [[buku-buku ibadat harian]], buku sembahyang pribadhi ingkang limrahipun dipunsimpen kaliyan kaum-kaum awam ingkang sugih ugi kadhang kala dipunrengga kanthi iluminasi ingkang malimpah-limpah ing périodhe Gotik. Buku-buku sanèsipun, embuh punika wonten gayutipun kaliyan ibadat dhumateng Gusti punapa sanès, lajeng dipunparingi iluminasi malimpah kathah ing sedaya périodhe. [[Negri Bizantium]] ugi lajeng nganggit naskah-naskah kanthi ragamipun piyambak. Mawarni-marni naskah ingkang dipunanggit ing Bizantium kasebar ugi dumugi negri-negri Ortodoks tuwin Kristen wétan sanèsipun. Kagem kawasan, périodhe, saha jinis sanèsipun, saged mirsani [[Seni rupa Abad Pertengahan|kagunan rupa Abad Pertengahan]]. Daur ulang perkamèn kanthi cara ngerik pérangan jaba utawi permukaanipun saéngga saged dipunginakaken malih inggih punika praktik ingkang sampun lazim ing jaman punika; sisa-sisa ingkang katinggal saking tèks sadèrèngipun kawastanan [[palimpses]]. donya Islam, mliginipun [[Semenanjung Iberia|Tanjung Iberia]], mawi tradhisi melèk aksaranipun ingkang boten kaganggu salamining Abad Pertengahan, sampun paring pambiyantu ingkang kathah ing salebeting dugèkaken karya-karya carik klasik kagem badan ngèlmu kawruh ugi univèrsitas-univèrsitas ingkang saya dangu saya kerep ing Éropa Kilèn ing abad kaping-12, amargi ngasilaken buku-buku kanthi cacah kathah ugi mawi bahan baku dluwang kagem pisananipun wonten ing Éropa, punika ngemu wos babagan risalah-risalah ingkang jangkep ing manéka warna cabang ngèlmu kawruh, utamanipun [[astrologi]] saha [[kedhokteran]], ingkang betahaken [[iluminasi]] kanthi gunggung ingkang kathah ugi saged mujudaken tèks kanthi pas utawi akurat. Ing périodhe gotik, langkung kathah naskah-naskah mawi iluminasi ingkang dipunasilaken, ugi langkung kathah malih naskah-naskah sékulèr ingkang dipuniluminasi, kadosta [[kronik-kronik]] ugi karya-karya sastra. Ing périodhe punika ugi tiyang-tiyang sugih pada miwiti bangun perpustakaan-perpustakaan pribadhi. Mungkin perpustakaan kagunganipun [[Filipus Si Pemberani]] punika minangka dados perpustakaan paling ageng ing pertengangan abad kaping- 15. Boten dipun nyana-nyana biih Filipus punika ngolèksi kinten-kinten 600 naskah mawi iluminasi, manawi dipungatèkake kanca-kancane saha sedhèrèkipun namung ngolèksi kinten-kintan namung pirang lusin kémawon. Dumugi ngantos abad kaping 12, sapérangan ageng naskah dipunanggit ing asrama-asrama kagem kolèksi perpustakaan asrama utawi kagem jangkepi pikajengan utawi [[pesenan]] saking dermawan sugih. asrama-asrama angeng punika sok kadhang kala nyawisaken papan khusus kagem para [[rahib]] kagem yasa utawi nganggit naskah ingkang kasebat skriptorium. ing salebeting ruang skriptorium wonten aré-aré kerja pribadhi, papanipun rahib lenggah saha nganggit naskah tanpa kaganggu kaliyan kanca-kancanipun. manawi boten kagungan skriptorium, asrama wau saged nyisihaken "centhong-centhong alit ingkang saged dikhususaken kagem papan mutrani buku; centhong-centhong punika kedah dipunpilih kanthi prayitna supados masing-masing juru carik saged kagungan jendhéla ingkang madhep ing serambi asrama.<ref name="autogenerated19622">Putnam A.M., Geo. Haven. Books and Their Makers During The Middle Ages. Jil. 1. New York: Hillary House, 1962. Print.</ref> Pamisahan rahib-rahib punika saking saisinipun asrama nedahaken panjenengan-panjenenganipun estu diajèni ugi dihormati salebeting paguyubanipun. Ing abad kaping 14, regu khusus para rahib ingkang nganggit naskah ing ruang skriptorium asrama sampun mèh kémawon kagantos kaliyan sanggar-sanggar skriptorium komèrsial (perkotaan), ingkang mirunggan wonten ing Paris, Roma, ugi negri Walandi.<ref>De Hamel, 45</ref> Nadyan proses yasa naskah mawi ilumminasi boten ngantos ngalami owahan, ananging geseripun saking asrama-asrama tumuju ing lingkungan komèrsial inggih punika salah satunggaling langkah ingkang kagolong prakarti ingkang radhikal. Panyuwunan naskah saya inggil ugi pesat ngantos-ngantos perpustakaan-perpustakaan asrama ngantos kabanting-banting umpaminipun ing salebeting nyekapi punapa ingkang dados pamundhutipun saengga awit punika sampun nyambutdamelaken juru-juru carik ugi iluminator-iluminator saking jawinipun asrama.<ref>De Hamel, 57</ref> Tiyang-tiyang punika umumipun manggèn ing celakipun asrama ugi wonten ing sapérangan kasus, ngagem busana kadya rahib manawi mlebet ing asrama, ananging dipunkeparengaken wangsul manawi wekdal sampun sonten. Ing sanyatanipun, para ilumminator kadhang kala dipunkenal ugi dipunpuji-puji kaliyan tiyang kathah, saha kathah saking tandha-tandha jati diri panjenenganipun sedaya ingkang sintas.<ref>De Hamel, 65</ref> Ing wiwitan, naskah "dipunsrahaken dhumateng [[rubrikator]], ingkang mangké kuwajibanipun, jangkepi (mawi tinta abrit utawi warna sanèsipun) judhul-judhul, j[[udhul-judhul utama]], inisial-inisial bab ugii pérangan-pérangan bab, cathetan-cathetan tuwin sanès-sanèsipun; Salajengipun manawi badhe dipunilustrasi, buku punika kasrahaken dhumateng iluminator." salebeting kasus nalika nganggit naskah-naskah kagem disadé mawi cara komèrsial, panyeratipun "Sampun pasti dirembag rumiyin antawisipun panyuwun naskah punika kaliyan juru carik (agèn juru carik); nanging nalikanipun kempalan tulisan punika dipunsrahaken dhumateng iluminator, sampun boten wonten papan kagem inovasi."<ref>De Hamel, Christopher. Medieval Craftsmen: Scribes and Illuminations. Buffalo: University of Toronto, 1992. hal. 60.</ref> ==<big>Tèknik</big>== [[Gambar:Roman de la Rose f. 28r (Author at writing desk).jpg|jmpl|Panganggit naskah ing papan nyambut damelipun. Abad kaping 14.]] Iluminasi inggih punika salah satunggaling prosès ingkang rumit ugi sok kadhangkala nelasaken prabéya ingkang ageng. Karya iluminasi umumipun dipunkhususaken dhumateng buku-buku ingkang mirunggan: Alkitab kagem altar gréja, kadosta, tiyang-tiyang sugih kadhang kala mesen "[[buku-buku ibadat kegem sabendintenipun]]", ingkang ngemu wos kempalan donga-donga kagem wekdal-wekdal sembahyang salebeting [[dinten liturgi]]. Ing kawitaning Abad Pertengahan, sapérangan ageng buku dipundamel ing asrama-asrama, kagem kaperluwan utawi kabutuhan asrama punika piyambak, kagem dipundadosaken sesajen, punapa déné kagem nyekapi panyuwunan. Nadyan kala wau, sanggar-sanggar skriptorium komèrsial setunggal mawi setunggal padha muncul ing kutha-kutha ageng, istimewanipun ing [[Paris]], ugi [[Itali]]a, sarta negri [[Walanda|Walandi]]. Ing pangujung abad kaping 14 sampun wonten industri kegem nganggit naskah ingkang ([[signifikan]]). Industri punika ugi njawil marang agèn-agèn ingkang kagungan kuwajiban tugis nyatet pesenan-pesenan utawi panyuwunan saking tebih-tebih, sarta rincianipun lambang pribadhi ingkang nyuwun (mesen), ugi tiyang-tiyang kudus ingkang dipunpenginaken (kagem pananggalan ing salebeting buku ibadat sabendinanipun). Ing pangujung Abad Pertengahan, kathah saking para pelukis inggih punika kaum wanodya, mliginipun ing [[Paris]]. ===<big>Tèks</big>=== Salebeting yasa utawi nganggit naskah mawi iluminasi, umumipun tèks dipuntulis rumiyin. Lembaran-lembarann [[perkamèn]] utawi [[vélum]], inggih punika kulit kéwan ingkang sampun dipunolah mawi cara khusus ngantos dados mèdhia tulis, dipuniris-iris dados lembaran-lembaran kaca kanthi ukuran ingkang trep. Sawisipun sedata tata panggènan isinipun naskah dipunrancang kanthi mateng ( kadosta, papanipun huruf-huruf kapital inisial ugi gambar-gambar bingkai kaca), garis-garis minangka tandha saking garis dipungorèsaken kanthi tipis ing lembaran kala wau mawi pang ingkang landhep (runcing). Salajengipun juru carik wiwit yasa utawi nganggit kanthi (buli-buli tinta) tuwin [[péna bulu]] utawi [[kalam]] ingkang sampun diruncingaken. Jinis hurup kagem nulis tèks dipunpasaken kaliyan kebiasaan ugi (cita rasa setempat). Hurup-hurup Romawi ingkang kokoh saking kawitaning [[Abad Pertengahan]] suwi suwining wekdal saged kaganti kaliyan jinis-jinis hurup sanèsipun, kadosta hurup [[unksial]] saha hurup separo unksial, khuhusipun ing [[Kepulauan Britania]], papan kagem ngembangaken jinis-jinis hurup ingkang khas kadosta [[hurup mayuskula insular]] tuwin [[hurup minuskula insular]]. Hurup cemeng ingkang padhet ugi kagungan tèkstur kados pisanan medal kinten-kinten abad kaping 13 ugi dados sanget populèr, mliginipun ing pangujung Abad Pertengahan. Paléografi inggih punika kajian ngenani hurup-hurup tulisan carik ingkang kagungan nilai sejarah, ugi kodikologi inggih punika kajian ngenani aspèk-aspèk fisik sanèsipun saking kodèks-kodèks naskah. Salah saiwjining unsur ingkang èstu penting salebeting yasa utawi nganggit naskah mawi iluminasi inggih punika kathahipun wekdal ingkang dipuntelasaken ing tahap praprodhuksi kagem nyiapaken warangka naskah punika. Ing wekdal saderengipun naskah dipunanggit, naskah dipunrancang rumiyin kanthi prayitna, "Selembar kaca (halaman) mawi tulisan hurup cemeng, punika sampun dados barang lumrah ing périodhe [[Gotik]], badhe katingal minangka salembar kaca ingkang mawi wos hurup-hurup ingkang dipuntulus dhèmpèt-dhèmpètan saha seseg-sesegan, ing salah satunggaling format ingkang dipundominasi hurup-hurup ageng mawi rerenggan, ingkang dipuntedhak saking wujud aksara unksial utawi ingkang dipunpasaken kaliyan sedaya ilustrasi."<ref>Anderson, Donald M. The Art of Written Forms: The Theory and Practice of Calligraphy. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc, 1969. Print.</ref> Kagem nyegah kaulangipun yasa naskah-naskah ugi iluminasi-iluminasi ingkang kirang saé kados punika, limrahipun tulisan punika dipunwuwuhaken kala rumiyin, "ugi bidhang-bidhang kothong dipunsisihaken kagem dhekorasi. Bab punika dipunrancang kanthi prayitna sanget déning juru carik, langkung malih sadèrèngipun péna dipungores ing perkamèn punika."manawi juru carik ugi iluminator boten dipunayahi kaliyan setunggal tiyang ingkang sami, maka rencana praproduksi dadosaken kedah dipuncawisaken ruang utawi papan ingkang (memadai) kagem asil karya panjenengan punika sedaya masing-masing. ===<big>Prosès yasa iluminasi</big>=== [[Gambar:Illumination_process.svg|jmpl|langkah-langkah ingkang limrah salebeting yasa (nganggit) naskah mawi iluminasi, wiwit saking damel kuras dumugi ngantos panjilidan.]] [[Gambar:Illumination_execution.gif|jmpl| '''TAHAP-TAHAPING NGILUMINASI''' '''I.''' Maringi tandha warangka gambar mawi titik-titik saking bubuk grafit. '''II.''' Damel gambar mawi gerip pérak. '''III.''' Dadosaken gambar tambah jelas mawi tinta. '''IV.''' Nyawisaken (permukaan) bidhang gambar kagem mangké lajeng dipunsepuh kaliyan emas keranjang. '''V.''' Nyepuhaken emas keranjang. '''VI.''' Nggilapaken emas keranjang kersanipun kinclong. '''VII.''' Nambahaken (guratan) renggan supados emas keranjang saya kelèt. '''VIII.''' Bubuhaken warni-warni dhasar. '''IX.''' Nambahaken warni-warni peteng supados gambar kagungan kesan timbul. '''X.''' Nambahaken detail-detail gambar. '''XI.''' Bubuhakaen detail tambahan mawi warni-warni ingkang padhang. '''XII.''' Jelasaken sakiwa tengening pérangan saka ing gambar mawi tinta minangka ngrampungaken iluminasi punika. ]] [[Gambar:Thomas_Becket_Murder.JPG|jmpl|Salah satunggaling iluminasi manuskrip abad kaping 13, gambar prastawa paukuman mati Thomas Becket, minangka foto paling sepuh ingkang dipunsumerepi.]] Tahapan-tahapan ing ngandhap inggih punika pethingan saking sedaya warangka kegiatan salebeting yasa iluminasi-iluminasi ing salah satunggaling kaca ing naskah: #'''Damel gambar mawi gerip pérak.''' #'''Nyepuhaken emas.''' #'''Bubuhaken warni-warni ingkang utami.''' #'''Nglanjutaken tigang tahap utami sarta yasa warangka gambar-gambar hiasan ing sapinggiring kaca (halaman).''' #'''Nggambar rinceau utawi rerenggan ingkang awujud sulur-suluran minangka rerenggan marjin ing saben kaca.''' #'''Maringi warna gambar-gambar renggan marjin kaca punika'''.<ref>Calkins, Robert G. "Stages of Execution: Procedures of Illumination as Revealed in an Unfinished Book of Hours." International Center of Medieval Art 17.1 (1978): 61–70. JSTOR.org. Web. 17 April 2010. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/766713></ref> Iluminasi ugi rerenggan limrahipun sampun dipunrancang nalikaning naskah arsa dipunyasa, inggih punika ugi mawi bidhang kothong ingkang kedah dipunsisihaken kagem nampung sedaya renggan punika. Nadyan makaten, panulisan tèks limrahipun dipundamel langkung rumiyin sadèrèngipun naskah dipunsukani iluminasi. Ing kawitaning Abad Pertengahan, tèks ugi iluminasi sok kadhangkala dipundamel sekaliyan déning tiyang-tiyang ingkang sami, umumipun déning para rahib. Ananging ing [[puncaking Abad Pertengahan]], tèks saha iluminasi limrahipun dipunyasa kanthi cara misah, kajaba kagem inisial-inisial ugi rerenggan-rerenggan tambahan ing hurup ingkang kaulang. Ing abad kaping-14, sampun wonten sanggar-sanggar kriya ingkang mrodhuksi naskah-naskah, ugi ing kawitaning abad kaping-15, sapérangan ageng naskah-naskah ingkang saé piyambak dipunyasa ing sanggar-sanggar punika kagem nyekapi panyuwunan, langkung malih panyuwunan saking asrama-asrama. manawi payeratan tèks sampun paripurna, ilustrator lajeng siap-siap kagem nyambut damel. Gambar-gambar ingkang rumit (angèl) sampun dipunrancang sadèrèngipun, saged dipunpastèkaken ing papan-papan mawi lapis lilin, buku skétsa ing wanci punika. Gambar-gambar rancangan punika salajengipun dipuntedhak utawi dipunputrani ing (permukaan) vélum, (mingunakaken dom utawi alat kanggé nggorès sanèsipun, kadya ing prosès yasa [[Kitab Injil Lindisfarne]]). Sakpunika kathahipun naskah ingkang nembé separo dados saking mawarni-warni périodhe mawi sampun cetha nyingkap métodhe-métodhe ingkang natos dipunginaken ing prosès yasa (nganggit) naskah. Ing sedaya périodhe, sapérangan ageng naskah ingkang dipunkasilaken boten momot gambar. Ing kawitaning Abad Pertengahan, naskah-naskah condhong dipunkasilaken ing salebeting kalih kategori inggih punika tujuanipun dipundamel, inggih punika kagem dipunginakaken minagka buku pajangan ingkang sarat kaliyan iluminasi,punapa kagem kaperluwan pasinaon ingkang dipunrengga kanthi inisial-inisial renggan saha rerenggan-rerenggan tambahan ing hurup. Ing périodhe Roman, langkung kathah malih naskah ingkang dipunsukani rerenggan utawi [[inisial-inisial mawi riwayat]] (sajarahipun), ugi naskah-naskah ingkang kagem kaperluwan pasinaonan kerep sanget muat sapérangan gambar, nadyan kadhangkala boten dipunsukani warni. Conhongipun punika saya nambah ing périodhe Gotik, manawi sapérangan ageng naskah ingkang dipunasilaken sakirang-kirangipun kagungan rerenggan tambahan ing bagian hurup tertentu, ugi taksih kathah malih naskah ingkang ngemot gambar. Buku-buku pajangan, mliginipun ingkang dipunasilaken ing périodhe Gotik, dipunisi kaliyan warangka-warangka rerenggan utawi motif sulur-suluran, ingkang sok kadhangkala dipunsisipi [[droleri-droleri]] alit. Setunggal lembar kaca naskah ingkang dipun yasa ing périodhe Gotik saged ngemu sapérangan jinis rerenggan: salah satunggaling miniatur ing warangka, salah satunggaling inisial mawi riwayat ing awal setuggal bait tèks, ugi salah sawiining jinis warangka renggan ingkang dipunsisipi gambar-gambar droleri. Kadhang kala inis rerenggan ingkang benten punika dipunyasa déning juru kagunan ingkang sanès ugi. ===<big>Migunakaken warni ing salebeting naskah-naskah mawi iluminasi</big>=== manawi sepuhan emas minangka salah satunggaling tampilan ingkang paling nengsemaké saking naskah-naskah mawi iluminasi, kanthi punika padhuwan warni-warni ingkang kendel ngasilaken lapisna-lapisan dhimènsi ing iluminasi. Saking sudhut pandhang rèligius, "Manéka warni ingkang dipunginaken ing ilustrasi buku, boten kirang layang amargi kagungan manéka warnarahmat saking hikmah surgawi."manawi pujangga réligius nganggep badanipun minangka ejawantah sapérangan saking kamulyaning Allah ingkang boten wonten telasipun ing salebeting karya-karya panjenengan punika sadaya, kathah ilustrasi saged dipunhubungaken utawi dipunsautaken kaliyan "Sajarah saking tèks-tèks ingkang badhe dipunilustrasi sarta kabutuhan tuwin (cita rasa) saking para pamaosipun."<ref name="jrank12">"Manuscript." http://arts.jrank.org/pages/9716/Manuscript.html. Web. 17 April 2010.</ref> Wrni dadosaken gambar-gambar salebeting lembaran naskah katon gesang ugi nengsemaken pamaos. Tanpa warni, dhampak saking gambar naskah punika arsa ical sedayanipun. ===<big>Prosès wewarnan</big>=== Para juru kagunan Abad Pertengahan kagungan (perbendaharaan) warni ingkang sugih; ing ngandhap inggih punika dhaftar sapérangan bahan pewarna ingkang dipunginakaken. Kajaba saking punika, bahan-bahan anèh kadosta toya kagunan ugi reregeding talingan ugi dipunginakaken salebeting ngramu pewarna punika.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.humanities.uci.edu/spanishandportuguese/spanish/medievaliberia/manuscript_glossary_O-P.html |title=Iberian manuscripts (pigments) |access-date=2019-11-06 |archive-date=2003-03-29 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20030329222834/http://www.humanities.uci.edu/spanishandportuguese/spanish/medievaliberia/manuscript_glossary_O-P.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Warni !Pawarna |- !Abang |Pawarni saking serangga, antawisipun: *[[Karmin]], campuran [[asam karminat]] saking serangga ''Dactylopius Coccus'' ugi [[sarem aluminium]]; *[[Kirmizi]] utawi [[zat mérah padham]], dipunékstraksi saking serangga ''Kermes Vermilio;'' saha *[[Lak]], damar [[(merah jingga)]] ingkang dipunkasilaken déning sapérangan jinising serangga. Pawarna saking bahan kimiawi ugi mineral, antawisipun: *[[Timbal abrit]], ing ilmu kimia kawastanan [[timbal tetroksida]], PB₃O_4, dipunpikantukaken mawi cara alami saking mineral [[minium]], utawi dipundamel kanthi cara manasaken timbal pethak; *[[Vermilion]], ing Ngèlmu kimia kawastanan [[mèrkuri sulfida]], HgS, pikantuk saking cara ingkang alami saking mineral [[sinabar]]; *[[Karat]], ing ngèlmu kimia kawastanan hidrat [[ferioksida]], Fe<small>2</small>O<small>3.''n''</small>H<small>2</small>O, utawi bijih besi. |- ! Jenar |Pawarna saking tetuwuhan, antawisipun: * Reseda, dipunolah saking tetuwuhan ''Reseda Luteola;'' * Kunyit, saking tetuwuhan ''Curcuma Longa;'' ugi * Kuma-kuma, arang sanget digunakan amargi reginipun ingkang awis, saking tetuwuhan ''Crocus Sativus.'' Pawarna saking mineral, antawisipun: *[[Hartal]], zat warni lemah ingkang dipunpikantukaken kanthi cara alami saking mineral [[limonit]]; ugi * Orpimèn, ing ngèlmu kimia kawastanan [[arsèn trisulfida]], As<small>2</small>S<small>3</small>. |- ! Ijo | *[[Verdigris]], ing ngèlmu kimia kawastanan [[kupri asetat]], Cu(OAc)<small>2.</small>(H<small>2</small>O)<small>2,</small> miturut sajarah dipundamel kanthi cara nggodhog semprèngan [[tembaga]] ing salebeting larutan [[cuka]]; *[[Malakit]], sijinising mineral ingkang wonten ing alam, ing ngèlmu kimia kawastanan [[tembaga karbonat]] dasar, Cu<small>2</small>CO<small>3.</small>(OH)<small>2;</small> dan *''Ijo gadhung,'' jinising pawarna saking tetuwuhan ingkang dipunékstrak saking woh buni [[Rhamnus tinctoria]] |- ! Biru |Pawarna saking tetuwuhan, antawisipun: *[[Wasmah]], dipunkasilaken saking godhong tuwuhan (taneman) ''[[Isatis tinctoria]];'' *[[Nila]] dipunkasilaken saking taneman ''Indigofera tinctoria''; ugi * Folium, dipunkasilaken saking taneman ''[[Crozophora tinctoria]].'' Pawarna saking bahan kimiawi saha mineral, antawisipun: *[[Biru laut]], dipundamel saking mineral [[lapislazuli]] atau [[azurit]]; ugi *[[Kaca kobalt]], sakpunika kawastanan [[biru kobalt.]] |- ! Pethak | *[[Timbal pethak]], ing ngèlmu kimia kawastanan kaliyan [[timbal karbonat dasar]], 2PbCO<small>3.</small>Pb(OH)<small>2,</small> miturut sajarah dipundamel kanthi cara nèyèngaken ([[mengaratkan]]) sempringan [[timbal]] mawi cuka, salajengipun dipunbungkus mawi benda-benda ingkang saged bosok, kadosta [[telèk kéwan]], minangka supados [[Karbon dioksida|karbondioksida]] saged dipunkasilaken. Karbondioksida punika mangké dipunginakaken kagem [[réaksi kimia]]; ugi *[[Kapur]], ing ngèlmu kimia kawastanan [[kalsium karbonat]], CaCO ₃ . |- ! Cemeng | *[[Karbon]], saking [[jelaga (awu)]], [[arang]], ugi asil pangobangan balung utawi [[gadhing]]; *[[Sepia]], saking tinta sotong; ugi * Tinta wesi makajané, ing Abad Pertengahan dipundamel saking paku wesi ingkang dipungodhog ing larutan cuka; [[senyawa]] ingkang dipunkasilaken salajengipun dipuncampur kaliyan sari [[makajané]] (puru wit tarbatin). |- ! Emas | *[[Emas keranjang]], emas ingkang dipuntempa saéngga ngantos tipis-tipis, utawi bubuk emas, dipunkelètaken kaliyan gom arab utawi endog, punika kawastanan ''emas cangkang.'' |- ! Pérak | *[[Pérak]], pérak krenjang punapa déné bubuk, sami kaliaj emas; ugi *[[Timah krenjang]], sami kaliyan emas. |} ===<big>Panyepuhan</big>=== [[Gambar:Sakramentarz_tyniecki_02.jpg|jmpl|''Sakramentarium Tyniec'' saking abad kaping 11, dipuntulis mawi mangsi emas ing (latar wuri) ungu.]] Salah satunggaling naskah mawi iluminasi dipunanggep kanthi temenan mawi iluminasi manawi salah setunggaling utawi langkung iluminasi ing salebeting naskah punika dipun rengga kanthi wontenipun [[emas krenjang]] utawi emas urai ingkang dipunsepuhaken kanthi tèknik upam. Sepuhan emas ing salah satunggaling iluminasi nyirataken maneka warni makna hubunganipun kaliyan naskah punika. manawi sipating tèks punika rèligius, mangké prosès mbubuhi emas minangka tandha kurmat ugi mulyakaken tèks punika.ing abad-abad kawitan agama Kristen, "naskah-naskah [[Injil]] kadhangkala dipuntulis sedaya kanthi migunakaken mangsi emas (prada)."<ref>De Hamel, Christopher. The British Library Guide to Manuscript Illumination: History and Techniques. Toronto: University of Toronto, 2001. Print, 52.</ref> Kajaba dadosaken tèks katon nengsemaken, juru-juru carik wekdal samanten punika ugi kagungan pamikir bilih migunaaken emas punika minangka wujud mulyakaken Allah. Minangka tuladhanipun, "Lukisan riwayat gesangipun Kristus dipundamel langkung éndah ugi kagungan latar wingking emas ing tengah-tengah kathahing gambar (adegan perburuan), lomba, tuwin makhluk gaib."<ref name="newadvent19102">Brehier, Louis. “Illuminated Manuscripts.” The Catholic Encyclopedia. Jil.9. New York: Robert Appelton Company, 1910. 17 April 2010 http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09620a.htm</ref> Kajaba saking punika, emas ugi dipunginaaken manawi tiyang ingkang pesen naskah kepingin mamèraken kasugiihanipun. Ing wekdal mangkénipun bubuhi emas ing naskah-naskah kathah dipunayahi kaliyan tiyang-tiyang, "saéngga nilainipun minangka pratandha statusing janma dados mudhun."<ref>De Hamel, Christopher. Medieval Craftsmen: Scribes and Illuminations. Buffalo: University of Toronto, 1992. Print, 49.</ref> Salamining wekdal punika, reginipun emas dados mirah saengga bubuhi naskah-naskah mawi iluminasi kanthi mangsi emas namung dipunregani agengipun sepersedasa saking prabeya yasa naskah punika.<ref name="Brehier2">Brehier, Louis. “Illuminated Manuscripts.” The Catholic Encyclopedia. Jil.9. New York: Robert Appelton Company, 1910. 17 April 2010 http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09620a.htm, kaca 45.</ref> Kanthi cara nambah méwahing naskah, (penggunaan) emas ing salebeting yasa iluminasi sampun ngasilaken karya-karya kagunanng ingkang taksih dipunregani dumugi sakpunika. Dipunbubuhaken emas kranjang utawi emas urai ing salah satunggaling iluminasi inggih punika prosès ingkang saèstu rumit saéngga namung iluminator-iluminator ingkang mahir kémawon ingkang saged nindakaken pakaryan punika. Bab ingkang sepisan ingkang dados dasaring tetimbangan iluminator manawi badhe bubuhaken emas inggih punika punapa [[emas kranjang]] utawi emas urai ingkang kados pundi ingkang saé manawi dipunginakaken. manawi iluminator arsa migunakaken emas kranjang, kedahipun emas punika dipuntempa ngantos tipis nglangkungi tipisipun kertas ingkang paling tipis." Emas ingkang dipunagem ing bab punika bisa kémawon mujudaken mawarni-warni pérangan saking tèks ingkang saged dipun damelwarngka mawi garis emas. Wonten sapérangan cara nyapokaken emas ing salah satunggaling iluminasi, salah setunggaling cara ing paling poluler inggih punika nyampur emas kala rumiyin kaliyan lém héwani lajeng "dipunsuntak ing toya lajeng dipunluluhaken kanthi driji."<ref>Blondheim, D.S. "An Old Portuguese Work on Manuscript Illumination." The Jewish Quarterly Review, New Series 19.2 (1928): 97–135. JSTOR. Web. 17 April 2010. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1451766>.</ref> Sawisipun sampun dados empuk ugi mlempung ing salebeting toya, emas sampun siap manawi dipunsapokaken wonten lembaran naskah. Para iluminator kedah ngatos-atos sanget nalikanipun nyapokaken emas punika supados naskah kersanipun boten rusak warni sadèrèngipun ingkang dipun bubuhaken nalikanipun iluminasi. Emas Kranjang sipatipun gampil sanget kelet ing sedaya warni pawarna ingkang langkung rumiyin sampun dipunbubuhaken, saéngga saged ngrisak sedaya rancanganipun. Kajaba saking punika prosès panginclongan dipunleksanakanen kanthi cara medalaken sedaya daya saéngga risiko sanget dhumateng lukisan-lukisan kala wau amargi emas punika saged malubèr tumuju pérangan sakiwa tengenipun." Pambubuhan emas kanthi boten waspada saged ngrisak pérangn-pérangan iluminasi ingkang langkung rumiyin sampun dipun yasa saéngga sedaya lembaran kapeksa kedah dipungantos. ==<big>Para patron kagunan iluminasi</big>== asrama-asrama ngasilaken naskah-naskah kagem dipunanggé piyambak; naskah-naskah ingkang dipunsarati iluminasi ing ngajengipun namung kagem tujuan sarana paribadatan, ing sanès bab naskah-naskah kolèksi perpustakaan asrama ngemu wos tèks-tèks ingkang katingal langkung prasaja. Ing périodhe kala rumiyin, naskah-naskah kadhangkala dipunyasa amargi panyuwunanipun para panguwasa supados saged dipunanggé piyambak utawi dipundadosaken tandha mata diplomatik. Kathah naskah kuno ingkang dipunkasilaken kanthi cara kados punika, malah ugi ngantos [[kawitaning Zaman Modern|kawitaning jaman Modern]]. Kawit buku ibadat dinan sampun dados populèr, tiyang-tiyang sugih sami remen pesen buku-buku ibadat padinan mawi iluminasi kanggé dipundadosaken sarana pratandha status utawi drajad ing madyaning masyarakat, saéngga buku-buku kados makaten kadhang-kadhang ngemu potrèt utawi lambang pribadhi ingkang mesen: Ïng lukisan ingkang nggambaraken kisah Perjanjian Anyar, sosok Kristus lajeng dipunyasa langkung ageng tinimbang sosok rasul, ugi sosok rasul lajeng dipunyasa langkung ageng malih tinimbang sosok figuran, ambyog ingkang mesen ingkang (rendah hati) utawi pelukis piyambak badhe dipuntampilaken minangka sosok alit ing sudhut lukisan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/GlossH.asp|title=Heraldry|date=n.d.|access-date=14 Dhésèmber 2015|website=Glossary for Illuminated Manuscripts|publisher=British Library|last=|first=|archive-date=2015-02-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226084447/http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/GlossH.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref> Pananggalan ing salebeting buku-buku ibadat padinan punika dipunyasa kanthi sipating langkung pribadhi, inggih punika kanthi nonjolaken tanggal-tanggal ngenani acaranipun tiyang-tiyang kudus ing papan punika utawi santo-santa pangayoming anggota-anggota kulawarga ingkang mesen. Wonten ing pangujung Abad Pertengahan, kathah naskah ingkang dipunyasa kanthi tujuan dipundistribusèkaken liwat salah satunggaling jaringan agèn. Ing naskah-naskah punika wonten pérangan-pérangan ingkang sengaja dipunkothongaken kagem mangkenipun badhé dipunisi piyambak déning tiyang ingkang tumbas lukisan lambang ingkang dipunminati punika. Detail ugi kaéndahanipun ingkang nengsemaken nuduhaken bilih bubuhipun iluminasi boten natos saged dipunleksanakaken tanpa rancangan ingkang mateng. Bubuhaken iluminasi kagungan mupangat rangkep, inggih punika nambah nilai salah satunggaling karya tulis ugi ingkang langkung penting malih, nampilaken gambar-gambar tumraping golongan wuta aksara ing salebeting masyarakat ingkang "Dadosaken pamaosipun kraos langkung nyata, gampil, ugi bisa saged langkung dipercados." ==<big>Gladri</big>== <gallery heights="190" mode="packed"> Gambar:Illuminated.bible.closeup.arp.jpg|Hurup P dipunsunari amrih padhang ing Kitab Malmesbury. Hurup ingkang dipunginakaken kanggé nyerat naskah inggih punika ([[aksara cemeng]]) ingkang ugi kawastanan kalian nama serat Gotik. Gambar:Bernhard von Clairvaux (Initiale-B).jpg|Santo [[Bernardus dari Clairvaux]], saking salah satunggaling naskah mawi iluminasi [[Abad Pertengahan]]. Gambar:Monk tasting wine from a barrel.jpg|Rahib pangreksa gudhang nyicipi Bir anggur saking salah satunggaling tahang kanthi ugi ngisi buyung, saking ''Li Livres dou Santé'' karya Aldobrandino saking Siena, Prancis, wingking abad kaping-13. Gambar:BookDimmaEvangelistPortrait.jpg|[[Kitab Dimma]], Kitab Injil saku Irlandia, abad kaping-8. Gambar:Georgian MSS (213).jpg|[[Kitab Injil Adisyi]] saking [[Georgia]], 897. Gambar:Haggadah 15th cent.jpg|Naskah [[Haggadah]] mawi iluminasi, donga [[Paskah]] [[Yahudi]], abad kaping-14. Gambar:Pentecost 01.jpg|Dina Pentakosta, saking salah satunggaling naskah [[liturgi]] Katolik mawi iluminasi, ''[[circa|ca.]]'' 1310-1320. </gallery><gallery heights="160" mode="packed"> Gambar:Girart de Roussillon (full page).jpg|Nikahing Girart kalawan Bertha, saking ''Roman de [[Girart de Roussillon]]'', ''ca.'' 1450. Gambar:Illuminated.bible.arp.jpg|Hurup P mawi iluminasi ing salebeting Alkitab [[Biara Malmesbury]], [[Wiltshire]], [[Inggris]], 1407. Gambar:Armenian-manuscript-CIMG1727.JPG|Riwayatipun Jovhannes, naskah mawi iluminasi [[bahasa Armenia|Armenia]], 1053. Gambar:Alexander’s third victory over Darius.jpg|Menangipun kaping tiganya [[Aleksander Agung]] kalawan [[Darius III|Darius]], iluminasi Flandria saking abad kaping-15. Gambar:Richard de Clare coat of arms.jpg|Buku catetan para piadeg saha penderma [[Biara Tewkesbury]], purwaning abad kaping-16. Gambar:Rochefoucauld Grail.jpg|[[Rochefoucauld Grail]], nalikaning tahun 1315. Gambar:Chronicon Pictum P050 A ménfői csata.JPG|[[Pertempuran Ménfő]], salebeting ''[[Chronicon Pictum]]'' [[Bangsa Honggari|Honggari]], 1360. Gambar:Ethiopian, Illuminated Manuscript, 18th century.jpg|''Naskah beriluminasi'' yasan [[Etiopia]], abad kaping-18, ''[[Princeton University Art Museum]]''. </gallery> ==<big>Rujukan</big>== {{Reflist|2}} ==<big>Waosan langkung lanjut</big> == * Bland, David. ''A History of Book Illustration: The Illuminated Manuscript and the Printed Book'' (London: Faber & Faber, 1958) * Coleman, Joyce, Mark Cruse, and Kathryn A. Smith, eds. ''The Social Life of Illumination: Manuscripts, Images, and Communities in the Late Middle Ages'' (Series: Medieval Texts and Cultures in Northern Europe, jil. 21. Turnhout: Brepols Publishing, 2013). xxiv + 552 kaca [http://www.h-france.net/vol14reviews/vol14no159booton.pdf tinjauan daring] * De Hamel, Christopher. ''A History of Illuminated Manuscript'' (Phaidon, 1986) * De Hamel, Christopher. ''Medieval Craftsmen: Scribes and Illuminations''. Buffalo: University of Toronto, 1992. * Lazaris, Stavros. "L’illustration des disciplines médicales dans l’Antiquité: hypothèses, enjeux, nouvelles interprétations", salebeting: ''La Collezione di testi chirurgici di Niceta (Firenze, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Plut. 74.7). Tradizione medica classica a Bisanzio'', M. Bernabò (ed.), Roma, 2010, kaca.&nbsp;99-109 [https://www.academia.edu/1387609/_L_illustration_des_disciplines_médicales_dans_l_Antiquité_hypothèses_enjeux_nouvelles_interprétations_]. * Lazaris, Stavros. "L’image paradigmatique: des Schémas anatomiques d’Aristote au De materia medica de Dioscoride", '' Pallas, 93 (2013), hal. 131-164 .'' * Lazaris, Stavros. "Art et science vétérinaire à Byzance: Formes et fonctions de l’image hippiatrique". Turnhout: Brepols, 2010 [http://www.academia.edu/793657/Art_et_science_v%C3%A9t%C3%A9rinaire_%C3%A0_Byzance._Formes_et_fonctions_de_l_image_hippiatrique] * Morgan, Nigel J., Stella Panayotova, dan Martine Meuwese. ''Illuminated Manuscripts in Cambridge: A Catalogue of Western Book Illumination in the Fitzwilliam Museum and the Cambridge Colleges'' (London: ''Harvey Miller Publishers'' nyambut damel sesarengan kaliyan ''Modern Humanities Association''. 1999- ) * Rudy, K.M. ''[http://www.openbookpublishers.com/product/477/piety-in-pieces--how-medieval-readers-customized-their-manuscripts Piety in Pieces: How Medieval Readers Customized their Manuscripts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718115414/https://www.openbookpublishers.com/product/477/piety-in-pieces--how-medieval-readers-customized-their-manuscripts |date=2019-07-18 }}'' (Open Book Publishers, 2016) * Wieck, Roger. "Folia Fugitiva: The Pursui of the Illuminated Manuscript Leaf". ''Jurnal Walters Art Gallery'', Jil. 54, 1996. ==<big>Pranala jaba</big>== ===<big>Gambar</big>=== * [http://manuscripts.kb.nl/ Naskah-Naskah mawi iluminasi Abad Pertengahan] Naskah-naskah mawi iluminasi dhigital saking Perpustakaan Karaton Walandi. * [http://www.kb.nl/en/themes/middle-ages/highlights-from-medieval-manuscripts Musiyum Buku, Den Haag. Pengantar tematis, mawi kathah tuladhaning ilustrasi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904093320/https://www.kb.nl/en/themes/middle-ages/highlights-from-medieval-manuscripts |date=2015-09-04 }} * [http://www.english.cam.ac.uk/medieval/ Proyek Universitas Cambridge] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704190246/http://www.english.cam.ac.uk/medieval/ |date=2018-07-04 }} – nomor-nomor mawi warna dipuntautaken kaliyan gambar-gambar ingkang saé piyambak saking maneka warni kolèksi; nambah langkung cepetipun (pencarian) gambar subyèk-subyèk tertentu. * [http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/exploreArt?typ=2033122 Naskah-naskah mawi iluminasi ing Musiyum J. Paul Getty – Los Angeles] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060917232041/http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/exploreArt?typ=2033122 |date=2006-09-17 }} * [http://www.manuscritsenlumines.fr/ Portal naskah-naskah salebeting kolèksi-kolèksi publik Prancis] basis-basis data ageng, ing basa Prancis * [http://digital.library.louisville.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/mss/ Lembaran-lembaran naskah mawi iluminasi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101022719/http://digital.library.louisville.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/mss/ |date=2019-11-01 }} Naskah-naskah mawi iluminasi dhigital saking Perpustakaan Universitas Louisville * [http://www.illuminations.ca/images/st-catherine.jpg] Naskah-naskah mawi iluminasi dhigital saking Kathrine Zipista * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060114090741/http://www.heraklia.fws1.com/contemporaries/cicero/ Naskah-naskah Abad Pertengahan ugi Abad Pembaharuan, kadosta buku-buku Ibadat Padinan, kitab-kitab Vulgata, saha tulisan-tulisan kedokteran ingkang dipunrengga kanthi cara malimpah ruwah, abad kaping 12 dumugi kaping 17, ''Center for Digital Initiatives'', Perpustakaan Universitas Vermont] * [http://libx.bsu.edu/cdm4/collection.php?CISOROOT=/IlluminManu Kolèksi naskah-naskah mawi iluminasi dhigital] saking ''Digital Media Repository'', Ball State University * [http://digitalcollections.library.ubc.ca/cdm/landingpage/collection/logrono Naskah Kidung Spanyol] – Salah setunggaling kumpulan naskah mawi iluminasi Spanyol saking kolèksi-kolèksi dhigital Perpustakaan UBC * [http://www.thedigitalwalters.org/01_ACCESS_WALTERS_MANUSCRIPTS.html Naskah-naskah mawi iluminasi dhigital] – Salah satunggaling pernagkat lengkap gambar arsip kanthi résolusi inggil saking sedaya naskah kolèksi ''Walters Art Musiyum'' * [http://lichfield.ou.edu Naskah-naskah Katedral Lichfield] - Faksimile dhigital saking Kitab Injil Santo Chad, 2010. Ngliputi kemampuan tumpang tindhihing gambar-gambar ingkang dipunfoto kaliyan 13 jinis panyorotan, gambar-gambar ingkang ngandut unsur sajarah (kawit 1887), visualisasi-visualisasi multispektrum, nem belas ''rendering'' 3D interaktif, saha nem belas ''rendering'' RTI interaktif kanggé nyingkap tulisan ''drypoint''. University of Oklahoma * [http://lichfield.ou.edu/historical-images Tumpang Tindhih Gambar ingkang ngemu unsur sajarah] - Mirsani prosès(penuaan) ing naskah mawi iluminasi. ===<big>Sumber</big>=== * [http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz0009gx4f Kempalan naskah Abad Pertengahan ugi Abad Pembaharuan ing salebeting Kolèksi-Kolèksi Khusus Perpustakaan UCLA] * [http://www.digital-scriptorium.org Skriptorium Digital] * [http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/welcome.htm Katalog naskah mawi iluminasi, British Library] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130301081526/http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/welcome.htm |date=2013-03-01 }} * [http://www.kb.nl/manuscripts Kempalan naskah-naskah mawi iluminasi.] Saking Koninklijke Bibliotheek tuwin Musiyum Meermanno ing [[Den Haag]]. * [http://www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/pharos/sections/making_art/manuscript.html Démonstrasi daring ngenani prosès yasa salah satunggaling naskah mawi iluminasi saking Fitzwilliam, Cambridge] * [http://classes.bnf.fr/phebus/explo/index3b.htm Démonstrasi daring ngenani] [http://www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/pharos/sections/making_art/manuscript.html yasa salah satunggaling naskah mawi iluminasi saking] BNF, Paris. Naskah ing basa Prancis, nanging démonstrasi punika langkung kagungan sipat visual. * Nancy Ross, [http://www.nancyross.com/Illuminated_Manuscripts Sumber-sumber babagan naskah-naskah mawi iluminasi Inggris] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630050622/http://www.nancyross.com/Illuminated_Manuscripts |date=2016-06-30 }}. * British Library, [http://prodigi.bl.uk/illcat/glossary.asp Glosarium istilah-istilah naskah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061205223621/http://prodigi.bl.uk/illcat/glossary.asp |date=2006-12-05 }}, dipunadaptasi saking buku karya Michelle Brown, ''Understanding Illuminated Manuscripts: A Guide to Technical Terms'' (1994), {{ISBN|0-89236-217-0}} * Herbert, J. A. (1911), [http://posner.library.cmu.edu/Posner/books/pages.cgi?call=741.64_H53I_1911&file=0012 ''Illuminated Manuscripts''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021004113/http://posner.library.cmu.edu/Posner/books/pages.cgi?call=741.64_H53I_1911&file=0012 |date=2019-10-21 }}, buku daring. * [[gutenberg:19870|Illuminated Manuscripts]]', Buku karya John W. Bradley, saking Proyèk Gutenberg * [http://corsair.morganlibrary.org/ICAIntro/ICAintroshortdesc.htm CORSAIR] {{Webarchive|url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20120107004956/http://corsair.morganlibrary.org/ICAIntro/ICAintroshortdesc.htm |date=2012-01-07 }}. Éwonan gambar dhigital saking kolèksi naskah Abad Pertengahan saha Abad Pembaharuan kagunganing ''Morgan Library''. * {{CathEncy|wstitle=Illuminated Manuscripts}} * Diringer, David. The Book Before Printing: Ancient, Medieval and Oriental. New York: Dover Publications, Inc, 1982. Print. * Greenia, George D. "The Politics of Piety: Manuscript Illumination and Narration in the Cantigas of De Santa Maria." Hispanic Review 61.3 (1993): 325–44. JSTOR. Web. 17 April 2010.<http://www.jstor.org/stable/475069>. * ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ebr0HNnNNrs&feature=share 3D for Presenting Illuminated Manuscripts]'' - Penjelasan prosès yasa modèl 3D kagem Kitab Injil Santo Chad ingkang mawi iluminasi saking abad kaping 8. ===<big>Modhéren</big>=== * [http://www.saintjohnsbible.org Alkitab ''Saint John'']: salah satunggaling proyèk nganggit Alkitab mawi iluminasi * [http://www.efiaf.org ''Ellen Frank Illumination Arts Foundation'':] kagunan iluminasi * [http://www.kbtc.org/page.php?id=330 Iluminasi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120721025607/http://www.kbtc.org/page.php?id=330 |date=2012-07-21 }} Dhokumèntèr prodhuksi Full Focus ngenani proyèk nganggit Alkitab mawi iluminasi ing asrama Saint John * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nuNfdHNTv9o Yasa Naskah] vidéo karya Musiyum Getty [[Kategori:Naskah]] [[Kategori:Jinising naskah]] [[Kategori:Jinising buku]] [[Kategori:Naskah mawi iluminasi]] [[Kategori:Nakah carik (tulisan tangan)]] ikhwkjzqj3x9ge5qw7ddkan2luvhusg 4 165026 1756837 1756640 2026-09-21T15:26:41Z MediaWiki message delivery 19967 /* Your feedback wanted: Remove (Language link added:) and similar edits from Special:RecentChanges */ pérangan anyar 1756837 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/Pambuka}} <div style="display: none;"> {{Naraguna:LabdajiwaBot/konfig arsip |archive = Wikipédia:Angkringan Warta/Arsip %(year)d |algo = old(30d) |counter = 1 |minthreadsleft = 0 |minthreadstoarchive = 1 }} </div> == ''The Signpost'': 24 August 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/News and notes|Union process progresses, unanswered questions about Littler Mendelson remain]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/In the media|Wikipedia editors save Sam Altman's life]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/Recent research|Women in blue? Wikipedia's gender gap reverses in some areas]] * Discussion report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/Discussion report|Again and Again]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/Traffic report|Look out, here comes the Spider-Man!]] * Humour: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/Humour|Her tastes, her Wikimania, her upcoming tour... Baby Globe reveals everything]] * On the bright side: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/On the bright side|The great outdoors]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/Opinion|Are we embarrassed yet?]] * Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/Special report|Paris Syndrome: Labor Strife, AI Anxiety, and a Leadership Test at Wikimania 2026]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/Comix|WP:FAOWN]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 24 Agustus 2026 01.25 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Bri@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30889666 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-35</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Halaman [[Special:CreateAccount|Istimewa:Buat akun]] telah disederhanakan sebagai bagian dari upaya berkelanjutan untuk memodernisasi pengalaman pembuatan akun. Panel yang menampilkan statistik proyek kini tidak lagi muncul di samping formulir, baik pada tampilan web desktop maupun seluler. Berbagai eksperimen pembuatan akun menunjukkan bahwa formulir yang lebih sederhana membantu pendatang baru menyelesaikan proses pendaftaran. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783] * Untuk meningkatkan kinerja halaman, gambar kini dimuat ketika gambar tersebut ditampilkan atau dilihat oleh pembaca. Dengan demikian, gambar yang berada lebih jauh di bagian bawah suatu artikel tidak akan dimuat apabila pembaca tidak pernah menggulir hingga ke bagian tersebut. Perubahan ini dapat memengaruhi sejumlah metrik yang berkaitan dengan gambar. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:42}} {{PLURAL:42|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya adalah masalah yang menyebabkan keluku pada Wikipedia Abstrak tidak dapat ditampilkan setelah berkas terkait dipindahkan di Wikimedia Commons. Masalah tersebut kini telah diperbaiki. Keluku akan diperbarui dengan benar ketika berkas dipindahkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Kartu Informasi Pengguna adalah fitur yang membantu para pengawas melihat informasi mengenai akun pengguna. Selama ini, fitur tersebut hanya tersedia di tempat-tempat seperti riwayat halaman, log, dan perubahan terbaru. Kini, kartu tersebut juga dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|ditempatkan di dalam isi halaman]] dengan menggunakan fungsi pengurai <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{#uic:}}</nowiki></code></bdi>. Fitur ini dapat sangat berguna pada templat seperti [[:en:Template:Userlinks|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{Userlinks}}</nowiki></code></bdi>]] atau varian khususnya, karena akan memudahkan pengguna melihat konteks mengenai suatu akun pada berbagai halaman papan pengumuman. Kartu tersebut hanya akan ditampilkan kepada pengguna yang telah mengaktifkannya melalui [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferensi mereka]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466] * Karena adanya risiko terhadap keamanan dan privasi pengguna, akses ke URL <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> telah dinonaktifkan apabila URL tersebut secara khusus digunakan bersama <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. Jika Anda terdampak oleh perubahan ini, pertimbangkan apakah Anda dapat menggunakan pendekatan lain. URL <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> tetap dapat diakses dan digunakan tanpa <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. URL halaman pengguna tertentu, misalnya <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>User:Myusername</nowiki></code></bdi>, juga tetap dapat digunakan bersama <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386] * Sebagai bagian dari pembaruan, perangkat lunak untuk membuat keluku telah ditingkatkan. Pembaruan ini mencakup peningkatan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>librsvg</nowiki></code></bdi> ke versi 2.60 dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ImageMagick</nowiki></code></bdi> ke versi 7, serta penyelesaian sejumlah masalah lama dalam pembuatan keluku, seperti galat dalam proses perenderannya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 24 Agustus 2026 20.44 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30961208 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-36</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Format baru Daftar Harapan Komunitas kini telah dibuka untuk mendapatkan masukan. Anda dapat [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027|membaca gagasan-gagasan yang diusulkan di Meta]]. Proses baru ini dirancang untuk meningkatkan cara harapan komunitas diseleksi dan dikelompokkan berdasarkan prioritas, dipungut suaranya, dan ditetapkan prioritas pengerjaannya, dengan cara yang transparan dan seimbang di berbagai kelompok proyek dan edisi bahasa. Konsultasi ini dibuka selama dua pekan. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Rilis terbaru aplikasi Wikipedia untuk Android mencakup pembaruan pada fitur Tersimpan, sehingga pengalaman menyimpan artikel di aplikasi kini lebih mendekati pengalaman di aplikasi iOS dan Web. Pembaruan ini mendesain ulang tab Tersimpan dengan tampilan "Semua artikel", menghapus daftar bacaan "Tersimpan" yang sebelumnya tersedia secara bawaan, mengganti nama daftar bacaan menjadi "Koleksi", dan memodernisasi pengalaman menyimpan artikel. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420788] * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Daftar Bacaan]] telah diaktifkan untuk semua pengguna yang masuk log pada Wikipedia bahasa Bengali, Tionghoa, Ceko, dan Vietnam pada 25 Agustus, setelah tersedia sebagai fitur beta selama beberapa bulan. Fitur ini akan tersedia untuk semua pengguna yang masuk log di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Prancis, dan Indonesia pada 1 September, kemudian di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris pada 14 September, dan di seluruh wiki Wikipedia lainnya pada 28 September. * Pada akhir bulan ini, sebagian pembaca yang belum masuk log di Wikipedia bahasa Bengali, Ceko, Persia, Inggris, dan Polandia, yang menggunakan kulit Minerva pada perangkat seluler, akan melihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|bilah navigasi yang diperbarui]] dalam sebuah [[w:A/B test|uji A/B]]. Pengujian ini akan membandingkan bilah navigasi saat ini dengan versi baru yang dirancang agar pembaca dapat menemukan informasi dengan lebih cepat dan mudah. Tujuannya adalah mengetahui apakah perubahan tersebut mendorong pembaca untuk lebih sering kembali. Eksperimen ini tidak akan mengubah pengalaman pengguna yang telah masuk log dan/atau para penyunting. * Para penyunting yang mengelola pengalihan, templat, dan kategori yang digunakan pada halaman pengalihan kini memiliki cara yang lebih baik untuk menemukan dan mengelola pengalihan. Sebelumnya, halaman pengalihan tidak dapat dicari. Dua kata kunci pencarian baru, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>onlyredirects:</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>withredirects:</nowiki></code></bdi>, kini memungkinkan pengalihan dicari secara langsung dan dapat digabungkan dengan kata kunci yang sudah ada, seperti <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>incategory:</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>intitle:</nowiki></code></bdi>, dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>insource:</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T204089] * Perangkat pencarian ISBN yang digunakan untuk membuat sitasi baru-baru ini tidak berfungsi karena terdapat masalah pada layanan eksternal. Para pengembang sedang mengupayakan solusinya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435179] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan pencarian halaman berdasarkan kategori menggunakan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>deepcat</nowiki></code></bdi> tidak memberikan hasil atau justru memberikan hasil yang tidak berkaitan kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414859] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Domain URL untuk keluku berubah dari upload.wikimedia.org menjadi thumb.wikimedia.org. URL lama masih dapat digunakan untuk beberapa waktu ke depan, tetapi MediaWiki akan menggunakan domain baru tersebut dalam URL yang ditampilkannya. URL untuk jenis media lainnya, seperti berkas, video, dan hasil transkode asli, tetap akan disajikan melalui upload.wikimedia.org. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427465] * Wikimedia [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?api=wmf-math%2Fv1&title=Special%3ARestSandbox Math API] kini telah berstatus usang. Titik akhir API tersebut akan dihentikan sepenuhnya pada akhir September 2026. Para pengembang yang menggunakan titik akhir ini harus beralih ke solusi perenderan matematika alternatif, seperti [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML MathML] atau [https://www.mathjax.org/ MathJax] bawaan. Instalasi MediaWiki pihak ketiga yang menggunakan ekstensi Math untuk merender rumus diwajibkan melakukan peningkatan ke versi 1.43 atau yang lebih baru agar layanan tetap dapat digunakan. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Baca lebih lanjut mengenai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] dalam tulisan di Diff berjudul [[diffblog:2026/08/28/custom-edit-suggestions-for-every-wiki-how-communities-are-shaping-suggestion-mode-with-textmatch/|Saran penyuntingan khusus untuk setiap wiki: Bagaimana komunitas membentuk Mode Saran dengan TextMatch]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 31 Agustus 2026 20.52 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30990659 --> == This Month in Education: August 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 8 • August 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/August 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/August 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/Coordinating Wikimedia's Presence in Iraqi Universities|Coordinating Wikimedia's Presence in Iraqi Universities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/The EduWiki Hub Starter Kit Is Now Available in Spanish|The EduWiki Hub Starter Kit Is Now Available in Spanish]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/Wiki and democracy campaign launches in Brazil|Wiki and democracy campaign launches in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/Wiki Clubs strengthen youth participation in open knowledge in the Philippines|Wiki Clubs strengthen youth participation in open knowledge in the Philippines]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/Wikidata for research in the UI1|Wikidata for research in the UI1]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/Nupe Wikipedia Hits 1,000 Articles: The Next Chapter in Our Knowledge Journey |Nupe Wikipedia Hits 1,000 Articles: The Next Chapter in Our Knowledge Journey]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/Recruiting newcomers to preserve Yiddish using Wiktionary as a tool|Recruiting newcomers to preserve Yiddish using Wiktionary as a tool]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/Voices in Our Hands: How Nigerian Kids are Documenting Nigerian Sign Language for the World|Voices in Our Hands: How Nigerian Kids are Documenting Nigerian Sign Language for the World]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/Wiki in Schools, Architecture and Open Heritage|Wiki in Schools, Architecture and Open Heritage]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/More than 200 registrations, 22 speakers, and seven hours of shared experience: Wikimedia Ukraine’s Education Community Conference 2026|More than 200 registrations, 22 speakers, and seven hours of shared experience: Wikimedia Ukraine’s Education Community Conference 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/Launch of Wikifying a Conference handbook|Launch of Wikifying a Conference handbook]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/EduWiki Hub Updates: Working Groups Feedback Session and a New Roundtable for Program Officers|EduWiki Hub Updates: Working Groups Feedback Session and a New Roundtable for Program Officers]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/Curiosity through academic inquiry - learning by writing Wikipedia articles in Serbia|Curiosity through academic inquiry - learning by writing Wikipedia articles in Serbia]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 1 Sèptèmber 2026 17.54 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30917014 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-37</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Tambahkan Pranala]] telah ditingkatkan untuk pengguna Wikipedia bahasa Inggris dengan kemampuan mendeteksi pranala yang memiliki perbedaan penggunaan huruf besar dan kecil. Perubahan ini akan membantu mengurangi saran yang ambigu akibat perbedaan kapitalisasi dalam judul artikel, termasuk artikel tentang benda budaya. Tahap peningkatan kedua direncanakan akan dilakukan dan juga akan mempersiapkan fitur ini untuk dirilis dalam bahasa lainnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435526#12240876] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T434259] * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance|Panduan artikel]] akan diaktifkan secara bawaan bagi penyunting pemula di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris Sederhana dan Wikipedia bahasa Turki mulai 10 September 2026, setelah sebelumnya melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance/Updates#Summary_of_experiment_result|tahap uji coba]]. Penyunting pemula dengan jumlah suntingan 0 hingga 99 akan secara otomatis melihat fitur ini ketika mereka mengeklik pranala merah atau menggunakan opsi "[[tr:Vikipedi:Madde_sihirbazı|Madde oluşturto]]" di Wikipedia bahasa Turki untuk membuat artikel baru. Perubahan ini ditujukan untuk membantu pengguna baru dalam membuat artikel dengan kualitas yang lebih baik dan memenuhi standar setiap Wikipedia. [[phab:maniphest/query/z3tcTjmLMxk5/#R|Peningkatan lebih lanjut]] akan terus dilakukan berdasarkan hasil eksperimen dan masukan dari komunitas. * Perkakas [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org Pageviews Analysis], yang memungkinkan pengguna membandingkan jumlah kunjungan pada beberapa halaman, genap berusia 10 tahun pada tahun ini dan telah memperoleh sejumlah fitur baru. Fitur-fitur tersebut mencakup [[toolforge:wikinav|WikiNav]], yang memberikan gambaran mengenai cara pembaca Wikipedia menjelajahi konten, statistik penyuntingan di [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/siteviews?range=latest-30&sites=en.wikipedia.org Siteviews], kemampuan [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/massviews?source=wikiproject&project=en.wikipedia.org mencari artikel yang termasuk dalam suatu ProyekWiki], dan dukungan untuk mode gelap. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378549] * Bilah navigasi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|Minerva yang disederhanakan secara visual]] sedang diuji kepada pembaca yang belum masuk log dan menggunakan tampilan web seluler di Wikipedia bahasa Bengali, Ceko, Inggris, Farsi, dan Polandia. Uji coba ini bertujuan mengetahui apakah penyederhanaan navigasi dapat meningkatkan retensi pembaca. Pengujian akan berlangsung dari 31 Agustus hingga 28 September dan pengguna tidak perlu melakukan tindakan apa pun dalam uji coba ini. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Harapan Teknis WMDE]] sedang mengupayakan peningkatan pada [[en:Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Named references|nama referensi yang dibuat secara otomatis di VisualEditor]]. Penyunting hanya akan melihat sedikit perubahan mulai pekan ini. Saat nama referensi dibuat secara otomatis, penomoran akan dimulai dari <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>:1</nowiki></code></bdi>, bukan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>:0</nowiki></code></bdi>. Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia di [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|halaman proyek]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/VisualEditor/VisualEditor/+/1332704] * Semua wiki akan berada dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|kondisi hanya-baca selama beberapa menit]] pada 23 September. Hal ini dijadwalkan berlangsung pada pukul 14.00 UTC. Informasi lebih lanjut akan diterbitkan melalui Berita Teknis dan juga akan dipasang di spanduk setiap wiki dalam beberapa minggu mendatang. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:25}} {{PLURAL:25|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] salah menangani tag nowiki yang bersarang, sehingga konten dapat hilang dan teks yang tidak diinginkan dapat ditampilkan, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435116] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pengurus antarmuka dapat mengatur gawai melalui [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition]]. Format definisinya telah diperbarui dan kini tidak lagi memerlukan opsi <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ResourceLoader</nowiki></code></bdi>, karena gawai selalu dimuat melalui <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ResourceLoader</nowiki></code></bdi>. Perubahan ini menyederhanakan konfigurasi gawai dengan menghapus opsi yang tidak lagi diperlukan, sehingga definisi gawai menjadi lebih mudah dikelola oleh para pengurus. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298199] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 7 Sèptèmber 2026 18.43 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31008437 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': August 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue VIII, August 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: Hot August/Cold August * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Love Monuments and new phase of Museu Paulista collaboration * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Catalan areas report|Catalan areas report]]: The Catalan public domain: An application to identify Catalan works in public domain * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Explore the Colombian public domain app: Browse works an authors in the public domain * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Wikimedia CR introduces new members of GLAM/partnership team * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Egypt report|Egypt report]]: Egypt’s GLAM Team Brings Egyptian Postal History and Public Libraries to Wikimedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: The Musical Heritage of the Santa Cecilia Conservatory * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: New Zealand Thesis Project Update and the upcoming TDWG 2026 conference * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Connecting Culture and Free Knowledge - Wikimedia MKD’s GLAM Partnerships * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: August in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Summer, Follow-up in Aarau, CoCreation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Wikimedia gets Gazetted + Islamic Calligraphy on English Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: OpenGLAM Summer 2026 in Ukraine * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: GLAM USA Report (Past & Upcoming) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHL-Wiki working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Ghana national register * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Wikimedia Commons report|Wikimedia Commons report]]: Media loading change affects Commons Impact Metrics and GLAM analytics * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: September's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 11 Sèptèmber 2026 08.36 (UTC)</div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=31028447 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-38</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/38|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Tim Audiens Masa Depan (Future Audiences) telah memulai [[en:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)#New proposed experiment to let readers know about “Google preferred sources”|diskusi di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris]] mengenai usulan eksperimen baru untuk menampilkan pemberitahuan sementara tentang fitur [https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/search/original-high-quality-content-search/ Sumber Pilihan Google] kepada pembaca Wikipedia yang datang dari Google. Eksperimen ini bertujuan menguji apakah pemberitahuan tersebut dapat membuat pengunjung lebih sering kembali ke Wikipedia. Fitur Sumber Pilihan memungkinkan pengguna memilih situs web yang mereka percayai sehingga Google dapat menampilkan konten dari sumber-sumber tersebut secara lebih menonjol dalam Penelusuran dan berbagai pengalaman berbasis kecerdasan buatan. Kami tertarik untuk menguji fitur ini pada bahasa lain yang didukung Google dan menyambut bantuan untuk memulai diskusi di wiki lainnya. Jika berminat, silakan hubungi Tim Audiens Masa Depan melalui [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Preferred sources|halaman pembicaraan]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Platform percakapan Discord sedang merilis kerangka kerja mandiri baru yang dapat digunakan oleh situs web untuk menentukan tampilan pranala mereka ketika dibagikan di Discord. Tim Audiens Masa Depan berencana mulai menggunakan kerangka kerja ini untuk meningkatkan tampilan pranala Wikipedia ketika dibagikan di Discord, sekaligus memberikan atribusi dan penghargaan yang lebih baik kepada para kontributor. Pada tahap pertama proyek ini, tampilan dan perilaku pranala tidak akan berubah karena kami ingin terlebih dahulu mengumpulkan data dasar untuk menilai dampak perubahan pada tahap berikutnya. Namun, jika anggota komunitas yang aktif di Discord menemukan masalah, mereka dapat melaporkannya melalui [[phab:tag/future-audiences/|Phabricator]] atau [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences|Meta-Wiki]]. * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca akan menjalankan eksperimen untuk menguji apakah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Compact Lead|pemadatan bagian pembuka artikel]] dengan menambahkan tombol "baca selengkapnya" dapat meningkatkan retensi pembaca. Pengujian akan dimulai pada 17 September di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Spanyol, Prancis, Indonesia, Italia, Jepang, Portugis, Vietnam, dan Tionghoa, serta berlangsung selama empat pekan.</span> * Semua wiki akan berada dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|mode hanya-baca selama beberapa menit]] pada 23 September. Hal ini dijadwalkan berlangsung pada pukul 14.00 UTC. Informasi lebih lanjut akan diterbitkan dalam Berita Teknis dan juga akan diinformasikan ke setiap wiki pada pekan mendatang. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:28}} {{PLURAL:28|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan [https://wikistats.wmcloud.org/ Wikistats] untuk Wikipedia mengembalikan galat HTTP 500, sehingga tidak dapat diakses, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435959] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pengembang yang memelihara perkakas yang melakukan kueri terhadap tabel pranala Wikimedia Commons perlu memperbarui kode mereka agar terhubung ke gugus basis data x4 yang baru. Tabel pranala tersebut telah dipindahkan dari gugus s4 ke x4 dan tidak akan lagi menerima pembaruan di s4. Tabel halaman dan tabel pengalihan tetap tersedia di kedua gugus. Replika wiki untuk klaster x4 akan disiapkan setelahnya. Perubahan ini dilakukan karena gugus s4 telah berkembang terlalu besar untuk dapat dioperasikan secara efisien. [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/News/2026 Commons links tables database split|Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia di sini]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/38|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14 Sèptèmber 2026 15.30 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31039826 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Wiki Anda akan segera menjadi mode hanya baca</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Baca pesan ini dalam bahasa lain]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] akan menguji coba mengalihkan pusat data utama dan sekundernya. Hal ini akan memastikan bahwa Wikipedia dan wiki Wikimedia lainnya dapat tetap beroperasi bahkan selepas bencana. Semua lalu lintas akan beralih pada '''{{#time:j xg|2026-09-23|id}}'''. Uji coba akan dimulai pukul '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2026-09-23T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2026-09-23T14:00}}]'''. Akan tetapi, karena adanya keterbatasan dalam perangkat lunak [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], semua aktivitas penyuntingan harus berhenti sementara ketika proses pengalihan ini kami lakukan. Kami memohon maaf atas ketidaknyamanan ini dan kami akan berupaya untuk meminimalkan hal serupa pada waktu yang akan datang. Sebuah papan pengumuman akan ditampilkan di semua wiki 30 menit sebelum pelaksanaan operasi ini. Papan pengumuman tersebut akan selalu terlihat hingga akhir pengerjaan. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.</span> '''Anda masih bisa membaca, tetapi tidak bisa menyunting, seluruh wiki dalam waktu terbatas.''' * Anda tidak dapat menyunting hingga satu jam pada hari {{#time:l j xg Y|2026-09-23|id}}. * Jika Anda mencoba menyunting atau menyimpan suntingan Anda pada waktu tersebut, akan muncul pesan galat. Kami berharap tidak ada suntingan yang hilang pada waktu-waktu tersebut, tetapi kami tidak dapat menjamin hal ini. Jika Anda mendapat pesan galat, mohon menunggu hingga semuanya kembali normal. Ketika uji coba telah selesai, Anda dapat menyimpan suntingan Anda. Namun, kami sangat menyarankan untuk membuat salinan suntingan Anda terlebih dahulu untuk berjaga-jaga. ''Pengaruh lainnya'': * Pekerjaan latar belakang akan menjadi lebih lambat dan beberapa pekerjaan mungkin akan diberhentikan. Pranala merah mungkin tidak dapat diperbarui secepat biasanya. Jika Anda membuat artikel yang telah terhubung dengan halaman lainnya, pranalanya akan tetap merah lebih lama daripada biasanya. Beberapa skrip yang berjalan lama terpaksa dihentikan. * Kami berharap penerapan kode akan terjadi seperti minggu-minggu lainnya. Namun, beberapa kasus pembekuan kode dapat terjadi secara cepat jika proses operasi membutuhkannya setelah itu. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] akan tidak tersedia selama 90 menit. Proyek ini mungkin ditunda jika diperlukan. Anda dapat [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|membaca jadwalnya di wikitech.wikimedia.org]] Semua perubahan akan diumumkan dalam jadwal tersebut. '''Mohon sebarkan informasi ini kepada komunitas Anda.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 15 Sèptèmber 2026 12.58 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=30513874 --> == ''The Signpost'': 16 September 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-09-16/News and notes|The Balance of Power]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-09-16/In the media|Shocking photos may be changed on Wikipedia]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-09-16/Disinformation report|Have UN Secretary-General candidates manipulated Wikipedia?]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-09-16/Recent research|Google's AI overviews may have reduced search engine referrals to English Wikipedia by 5%]] * WikiConference report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-09-16/WikiConference report|The backwater symbiosis – reflections from Wiki Conference India 2026]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-09-16/Traffic report|Heaven let your light shine down]] * Serendipity: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-09-16/Serendipity|Wikipedia Family Mosh Pit]] * Obituary: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-09-16/Obituary|Passing of Gobonobo, community leader advocating for women and minorities]] * On the bright side: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-09-16/On the bright side|Fantasy video games, hopeful science fiction, and the change of seasons]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-09-16/Comix|The Adventure of the Unknown Corpse]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 16 Sèptèmber 2026 02.11 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=31028446 --> == Your feedback wanted: Remove ''(Language link added:) and similar'' edits from Special:RecentChanges == ''(Apologies for posting in English. You can help by translating it)'' Hello, I’m Danny from [[:en:w:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland’s]] [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team.<br/> We have been investigating and examining how Wikidata’s use in the [[Special:RecentChanges]] and [[Special:Watchlist]] pages can be made to be more useful, or less ‘noisy’ (fewer edits that have little value to the reader). We are currently exploring to make a change in the volume and the type of Wikidata edits that appear in these pages, and '''we need your feedback''' to help us ensure this is a positive change for the Wikis and won’t disrupt your workflows.<br/> Language links are also known as sitelinks or interlanguage links and describe when a Wikidata item is connected to a Wiki, adding it to the language dropdown tool for other connected Wikis. [[File:Types of Lang Link changes.png|x350px|frame|A variety of "Language Link" edits as seen in the Recent Changes feed]] The request for feedback is whether you support the removal of these language link edits from the Recent Changes and Watchlist feed, or would you oppose such a change and if so, why? Please share you thoughts on the dedicated '''[[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|metawiki Talk page]]'''. Further information about this change: [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Hide_Language_Link_edits]] Thank you for any participation or feedback you give, -- [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 21 Sèptèmber 2026 15.26 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_test_list&oldid=31067433 --> i6t7ow2p9plcislw81vqeeg6lnp7axh 0 171071 1756852 1755824 2026-09-22T03:05:14Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1756852 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Chicken parmigiana|image=File:Chicken parm at a diner.jpg|caption=Chicken parmigiana from a New Jersey diner|alternate_name=Pollo alla parmigiana, chicken parm, parmy, parma, parmi|country=|region=|creator=|course=|type=|served=|main_ingredient=[[chicken]] breast, [[tomato sauce]], [[mozzarella]], [[parmesan (cheese)|parmesan]]|variations=|calories=|other=}}'''Parmigiana pitik''', utawa '''parmesan pitik''' ( , yaiku panganan sing kalebu olahan [[pitik]] roti sing ditutupi saos tomat lan [[mozzarella]], [[Parmigiano-Reggiano|parmesan]], utawa keju provolone . <ref name="covered">{{Cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-ca/lifestyle/food/foodnews/20-italian-dishes-italians-don%E2%80%99t-really-eat/ss-AAypRz4#image=5|title=20 'Italian' Dishes Italians Don't Really Eat|date=June 9, 2019|publisher=msn.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327184157/https://www.msn.com/en-ca/lifestyle/food/foodnews/20-italian-dishes-italians-don%E2%80%99t-really-eat/ss-AAypRz4#image=5|archive-date=March 27, 2019|access-date=March 24, 2019}}</ref> Irisan [[ham]] utawa [[Daging bakon|daging babi]] sok ditambahake. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Debate over a pub favourite|last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=October 13, 2012|work=[[Daily Liberal and Macquarie Advocate]]|location=Dubbo, New South Wales|page=10}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thecourier.com.au/story/1770873/to-ham-or-not-to-ham-when-ordering-a-chicken-parma/|title=To ham or not to ham when ordering a chicken parma|last=Cowie|first=Tom|date=September 11, 2013|work=[[The Courier (Ballarat)|The Courier]]|last2=Bibby|first2=Grace|location=Ballarat, Victoria|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Uga dikenal kanthi sebutan ing Amerika Serikat minangka '''parm pitik''' <ref name="NYT">{{Cite news|url=http://mobile.nytimes.com/2015/02/04/dining/parm-dishes-to-warm-weary-souls.html?_r=0&referer=http://cooking.nytimes.com/recipes/1017169-chicken-parmesan|title=Parmigiana Dishes to Warm Weary Souls|last=Clark|first=Melissa|date=January 30, 2015|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=November 17, 2016|quote=Veal and chicken parmigiana, along with their cousins meatball, sausage and shrimp, are more recent adaptations, created by Italian immigrants in America who could afford to use meat in place of the vegetables they relied on in the Old Country.}}</ref> lan ing Australia minangka '''parma''', '''parmi''', utawa '''parmy''' . <ref name="Parma">{{Cite news|url=http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/brisbane-man-stephen-humphreys-quest-to-find-the-citys-best-parmigiana-20150416-1mmpcl.html|title=Brisbane man Stephen Humphreys' quest to find the city's best Parmigiana|last=Bochenski|first=Natalie|date=April 16, 2015|work=[[Brisbane Times]]|access-date=August 24, 2017}}</ref> Panganan kasebut asale saka diaspora Italia abad kaping-20. <ref name="covered"/> <ref name="NYT"/> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.revealedrome.com/2011/02/italian-food-cuisine-american-spaghetti-meatballs-italy.html|title=Can't Find a Favorite Italian Dish in Rome? Here's Why.|last=Ruggeri|first=Amanda|date=February 8, 2011|website=revealedrome.com|access-date=November 2, 2015|archive-date=August 11, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811184207/http://www.revealedrome.com/2011/02/italian-food-cuisine-american-spaghetti-meatballs-italy.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Chowhound">{{Cite web|url=http://www.chowhound.com/food-news/53553/fake-accent/|title=Fake Accent|last=Kaminski|first=Margot|date=October 12, 2006|website=[[Chowhound]]|access-date=November 1, 2015|archive-date=November 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117020358/http://www.chowhound.com/food-news/53553/fake-accent/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wis spekulasi manawa sajian kasebut didhasarake kombinasi saka [[Parmigiana|''melanzane'']] Italia [[Parmigiana|''alla Parmigiana'']], sajian sing nggunakake irisan [[Térong|terong]] roti tinimbang daging pitik, kanthi ''cotoletta'', potongan daging pedaging roti sing umume disajekake tanpa saos utawa keju ing Italia. Parmigiana pitik kalebu minangka dhasar sajian sing beda-beda, kalebu sandwich lan pai, <ref name="smh-2012feb17">{{Cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au//breaking-news-business/patties-pins-hopes-on-parma-pie-20120217-1tdp1.html|title=Patties pins hopes on "parma" pie|last=Gannon|first=Genevieve|date=February 17, 2012|work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]}}</ref> lan panganan kasebut digunakake kanggo dadi balapan mangan ing sawetara restoran. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/archive/news/welcome-to-parmageddon-the-war-on-culinary-theatrics/story-e6freall-1226466614192|title=Parmageddon: War on culinary theatrics|last=Penberthy|first=David|date=September 7, 2012|work=[[The Advertiser (Adelaide)|The Advertiser]]|location=Adelaide|page=13}}</ref> == Rujukan == ne1m182x5wztp9r3htlz04esmgq49f1 0 176221 1756862 1559052 2026-09-22T07:24:51Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1756862 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Barkas:Austrian_Dish.jpg|jmpl|Saus coklat ing Masakan Ostenrik]] Ing masakan [[Prancis]] klasik, '''saos coklat''' umume saos kanthi dhasar stok daging, kenthel kanthi nyuda lan kadhang ditambah [[Roux|roux coklat]], padha karo sawetara cara nanging luwih akeh tinimbang [[Duduh kenthel|kuah]] . Tuladha [[Saos|saus ibu]] klasik yaiku saus espagnole lan uga demi- turunan turunane, sanajan ana varietas liyane.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://theculinarycook.com/espagnole-brown-sauce/|title=Espagnole (Brown Sauce) & Demi-Glace|publisher=The Culinary Cook|access-date=February 1, 2017|archive-date=April 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419054927/https://theculinarycook.com/espagnole-brown-sauce/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Skandinavia == Ing [[Olahan Danish|masakan Dhènemarken]] saus coklat ( ''brun sovs'' ) minangka saos sing umum banget, lan nuduhake saos kanthi basis stok daging (ing jaman saiki, asring diganti [[Duduh|duduh kaldu]] digawe saka [[Kaldhu kothak|kiub bouillon]] ), dikenthel karo roux, lan kadang-kadang diwarnai wong sugih, coklat tuwa kanthi produk sing kalebu gula karamel ireng, sing diarani ''brun kulør'' (secara harfiah, "pewarnaan coklat") utawa ''madkulør'' (secara harfiah, "pewarna panganan"). Iki padha karo sing dikenal ing AS minangka kuah coklat. Variasi kalebu saus jamur, saus bawang, lan saos coklat herbed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nemlig.com/opskrift-brun-sovs-1072.aspx|title=Brun sovs|publisher=Nemlig.com A/S|access-date=February 1, 2017}}</ref> Varietas Nurwègen ( ''brun saus'' ) digawe kanthi cara sing padha karo saos coklat Dhènemarken, biasane saka tepung gandum. Saos diwarnai kanthi pertama-tama coklat ing wajan, sadurunge ditambahake glepung gandum lan banjur dadi luwih coklat. Pewarna ''panganan'' ( ''sukkerkulør'', secara harfiah "pewarna gula"), kecap, lan [[Brunost|keju coklat]] (kanggo warna lan rasa) sok ditambahake. Saos kasebut bisa uga entuk macem-macem rasa gumantung saka daging sing disedhiyakake, amarga umume masak daging sajrone saus sadurunge disajikake. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nrk.no/mat/brun-saus-1.6476323|title=Brun saus|publisher=nrk.no|access-date=February 1, 2017}}</ref> == Referensi == {{Reflist}} 1hdz0d7tchz85lgjkc0whx5gdhb11hv 0 177685 1756839 1732172 2026-09-21T17:04:16Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1756839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bridge |bridge_name = Kreteg Kluwung |native_name = レインボーブリッジ |native_name_lang = Japanese |image = Rainbow Bridge by night seen from Odaiba side.jpg |caption = |official_name = |carries = Kendaraan, [[Yurikamome]], Wong lumaku |crosses = [[Teluk Tokyo]] |locale = [[Minato, Tokyo]], Jepang |maint = |id = |design = |spans = 3 |mainspan = 570 m |length = 798 m |width = 49 m |height = 126 m (menara), 52 m (dalan gedhe) |load = |clearance = |below = |traffic = |begin = |complete = 1993 |open = 26 August 1993 |closed = |toll = |map_cue = |map_image = |map_text = |map_width = |coordinates = {{Coord|35|38|11|N|139|45|49|E|region:JP-13_type:landmark_source:dewiki|display=inline,title}} |lat = |long = }} [[File:Rainbow Bridge (9224620017).jpg|thumb|250px|Katon dalan setapak.]] [[File:レインボーブリッジ.JPG|thumb|250px|Kreteg Kluwung ing wayah wengi, murup lampu putih.]] {{Nihongo|'''Kreteg Kluwung'''|レインボーブリッジ|Reinbō Burijji}} yaiku sawijining [[jembatan gantung]] sing nyebrang ing sisih lor [[Teluk Tokyo]] antarane Dermaga [[Shibaura]] lan pambangunan pinggir sagara [[Odaiba]]. Dibangun dening [[Kawasaki Heavy Industries]],<ref>[http://www.architravel.com/architravel/architects/kawasaki-heavy-industries/ ArchiTravel - Kawasaki Heavy Industries] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506014410/http://www.architravel.com/architravel/architects/kawasaki-heavy-industries/ |date=2016-05-06 }} Retrieved October 4, 2015</ref><ref>[http://structurae.net/structures/rainbow-bridge-1993 Structurae - Rainbow Bridge] Retrieved October 4, 2015</ref> kanthi pambangunan wiwit taun 1987 lan rampung ing taun 1993.<ref>[http://www.japantimes.co.jp/2002/10/06/announcements/rainbow-bridge-record-broken/ Rainbow Bridge record broken October 6, 2002] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107203338/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/2002/10/06/announcements/rainbow-bridge-record-broken/ |date=January 7, 2019 }} ''[[Japan Times]]'' Retrieved October 4, 2015</ref> Jembatan kasebut dawane {{convert|798|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} kanthi rentang utama {{convert|580|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shutoko.jp/service/spot/rainbowbridge/index.html|title=首都高速道路株式会社｜首都高の名所｜レインボーブリッジ|access-date=2009-12-26|archive-date=2011-12-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111211012803/http://www.shutoko.jp/service/spot/rainbowbridge/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Menara sing ndukung jembatan kasebut kanthi warna putih, dirancang kanggo harmoni karo cakrawala Tokyo tengah sing katon saka Odaiba. Ana lampu sing dipasang ing kabel sing ndhukung jembatan, sing disinari dadi telung warna, abang, putih lan ijo saben wengi nggunakake energi surya sing dipikolehi nalika awan. Jembatan kasebut bisa diakses kanthi lumaku saka [[Stasiun Tamachi]] ([[JR East]]) utawa [[Stasiun Shibaura-futō]] ([[Yurikamome]]) ing sisih daratan. == Referensi == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Tokyo]] izif9nez69kt6muvadfugpxa8mb9xtt 0 182023 1756871 1579748 2026-09-22T11:56:26Z Meursault2004 3 dening → déning 1756871 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pratélan kabiskopan ing Laos''' yaiku pratelan sing ngalebokake lan njlèntrèhaké pambagian kanggo wilayah administratif [[Greja Katulik Roma]] sing dipimpin déning [[biskop]] utawa [[ordinaris]] ing [[Laos]]. Konferensi para biskop ing Laos bebarengan karo para biskop ing [[Kamboja]] gabung ing [[Konferensi Waligreja Laos lan Kamboja]] ([[bahasa Prancis]]: ''Conférence Episcopale du Laos et du Cambodge'', CELAC). Saiki, ana papat [[vikariat apostolik]]. == Pratelan vikariat == * [[Vikariat Apostolik Luang Prabang]]: ''lowong'', diisi déning Administrator Apostolik R.D. [[Tito Banchong Thopanhong]] * [[Vikariat Apostolik Paksé]]: ''lowong'', diisi déning Administrator Apostolik R.D. [[Andrew Souksavath Nouane Asa]] * [[Vikariat Apostolik Savannakhet]]: [[Jean Marie Prida Inthirath]] * [[Vikariat Apostolik Vientiane]]: Kardinal [[Louis-Marie Ling Mangkhanekhoun]], [[I.V.D.]] == Deleng uga == * [[Greja Katulik ing Laos]] == Pranala jaba == * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/country/blaqv.html Entri di Catholic-Hierarchy] * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/country/LA.htm Entri di GCatholic.org] {{Kabiskopan ing Laos}} {{Kabiskopan ing Asia}} [[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Laos| ]] [[Kategori:Pratélan kabiskopan miturut nagara|Laos]] [[Kategori:Pratélan bertopik Laos|K]] d5uoayeop8nlgix3i9wk5hh31bg4p59 0 182038 1756876 1724312 2026-09-22T11:56:48Z Meursault2004 3 dening → déning 1756876 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pratelan kabiskopan ing Korea''' yaiku pratelan sing ngalebokake lan njlèntrèhaké pambagian kanggo wilayah administratif [[Greja Katulik Roma]] sing dipimpin déning [[biskop]] utawa [[ordinaris]] ing [[Korea Lor]] lan [[Korea Kidul]]. Konferensi para biskop Korea Kidul lan Korea Lor gabung ing [[Konferensi Waligreja Korea]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/conference/058.htm |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-14 |archive-date=2023-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604113305/http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/conference/058.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Saiki ana 19 kabiskopan, sing endi 3 menika [[kabiskopan agung]], 14 [[kabiskopan sufragan]], 1 [[ordinariat militer]], lan 1 [[keabasan teritorial]]. == Pratelan kabiskopan == [[Barkas:Dioceses_of_Korea-en.svg|jmpl|ka|290px|Pambagian wilayah kabiskopan ing Korea.]] === Provinsi Grejawi Daegu === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Daegu]]: Mgr. [[Thaddeus Cho Hwan-Kil]] *: Biskop Auksilier, Mgr. [[John Bosco Chang Shin-Ho]] ** [[Kabiskopan Andong]]: Mgr. [[John Chrisostom Kwon Hyok-ju]] ** [[Kabiskopan Busan]]: ''lowong'' **: Biskop Auksilier, Mgr. [[Joseph Son Sam-seok]] ** [[Kabiskopan Cheongju]]: Mgr. [[Gabriel Chang Bong-hun]] ** [[Kabiskopan Masan]]: Mgr. [[Constantine Bae Ki Hyen]] === Provinsi Grejawi Gwangju === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Gwangju]]: Mgr. [[Hyginus Kim Hee-jong]] *: Biskop Auksilier, Mgr. [[Simon Ok Hyun-jjn]] ** [[Kabiskopan Cheju]]: Mgr. [[Peter Kang U-il]] **: Biskop Koajutor, Mgr. [[Pius Moon Chang-woo]] ** [[Kabiskopan Jeonju]]: Mgr. [[John Kim Son-Tae]] === Provinsi Grejawi Seoul === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Seoul]], ''uga kalebu wilayah Korea Lor'': Kardinal [[Andrew Yeom Soo-jung]] *: Biskop Auksilier, Mgr. [[Peter Chung Soon-taek]], [[O.C.D.]] *: Biskop Auksilier, Mgr. [[Job Koo Yobi]] *: Biskop Auksilier, Mgr. [[Benedictus Son Hee-Song]] *: Biskop Auksilier, Mgr. [[Timothy Yu Gyoung-chon]] ** [[Kabiskopan Chunchon]], ''uga kalebu wilayah Korea Lor'': Mgr. [[Lucas Kim Woon-hoe]] ** [[Kabiskopan Daejeon]]: Mgr. [[Lazarus You Heung-sik]] **: Biskop Auksilier, Mgr. [[Augustinus Kim Jong Soo]] ** [[Kabiskopan Incheon]]: Mgr. [[John Baptist Jung Shin-chul]] ** [[Kabiskopan Suwon]]: Mgr. [[Mathias Ri Iong-hoon]] **: Biskop Auksilier, Mgr. [[Linus Lee Seong-hyo]] **: Biskop Auksilier, Mgr. [[John Moon Hee Jong]] ** [[Kabiskopan Uijeongbu]]: Mgr. [[Peter Lee Ki-heon]] ** [[Kabiskopan Wonju]]: Mgr. [[Basil Cho Kyu-man]] ;Mung kalebu wilayah Korea Loro * [[Kabiskopan Hamhung]]: ''lowong'', diisi déning Administrator Apostolik Mgr. [[Lucas Kim Woon-hoe]] * [[Kabiskopan Pyongyang]]: ''lowong'', déning Administrator Apostolik Kardinal [[Andrew Yeom Soo-jung]] === Liyane === * [[Ordinariat Militer Korea]]: Mgr. [[Francis Xavier Yu Soo-il]], [[O.F.M.]] ;Mung ing wilayah Korea Lorr * [[Keabasan Teritorial Tŏkwon]]: ''lowong'', diisi déning Administrator Apostolik, Abbas [[Blasio Park Hyun-dong]] == Referensi == {{reflist}} == Deleng uga == * [[Greja Katulik ing Korea Lor]] * [[Greja Katulik ing Korea Kidul]] == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/country/bkpqv.html Entri di Catholic-Hierarchy] * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/country/bkrqv.html Entri di Catholic-Hierarchy] * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/country/KP.htm Entri di GCatholic.org] * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/country/KR.htm Entri di GCatholic.org] {{Kabiskopan ing Koréa}} {{Kabiskopan ing Asia}} {{Katulik-stub}} {{Korea Kidul-stub}} {{Korea Lor-stub}} [[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Koréa Lor| ]] [[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Koréa Kidul| ]] [[Kategori:Pratélan kabiskopan miturut nagara|Korea]] [[Kategori:Pratélan bertopik Koréa Lor|K]] [[Kategori:Pratélan bertopik Koréa Kidul|K]] qd1j8gr6xt29mtwoyucn9u0mdj4b1pk 0 182216 1756880 1587500 2026-09-22T11:57:06Z Meursault2004 3 dening → déning 1756880 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Barkas:Arcidiocesi e sedi.jpg|450px|ka|jmpl|Provinsi grejawi ing Itali (dhuwur) lan <br/> Regio grejawi ing Itali (ngisor).]] {{Image label begin|image=Regioni ecclesiastiche Italia.png|width=400|float=right|alt = Regio grejawi ing Itali.}} {{Image label|x=-245.0|y=-240|scale=-1|text=<div style="line-height:1.1em;">'''1'''</div>}} {{Image label|x=-310.0|y=-310|scale=-1|text=<div style="line-height:1.1em;">'''2'''</div>}} {{Image label|x=-320.0|y=-370|scale=-1|text=<div style="line-height:1.1em;">'''3'''</div>}} {{Image label|x=-270.0|y=-290|scale=-1|text=<div style="line-height:1.1em;">'''4'''</div>}} {{Image label|x=-155.0|y=-130|scale=-1|text=<div style="line-height:1.1em;">'''5'''</div>}} {{Image label|x=-200.0|y=-240|scale=-1|text=<div style="line-height:1.1em;">'''6'''</div>}} {{Image label|x=-95.0|y=-110|scale=-1|text=<div style="line-height:1.1em;">'''7'''</div>}} {{Image label|x=-115.0|y=-80|scale=-1|text=<div style="line-height:1.1em;">'''8'''</div>}} {{Image label|x=-215.0|y=-180|scale=-1|text=<div style="line-height:1.1em;">'''9'''</div>}} {{Image label|x=-60.0|y=-100|scale=-1|text=<div style="line-height:1.1em;">'''10'''</div>}} {{Image label|x=-315.0|y=-285|scale=-1|text=<div style="line-height:1.1em;">'''11'''</div>}} {{Image label|x=-70.0|y=-310|scale=-1|text=<div style="line-height:1.1em;">'''12'''</div>}} {{Image label|x=-235.0|y=-430|scale=-1|text=<div style="line-height:1.1em;">'''13'''</div>}} {{Image label|x=-155.0|y=-180|scale=-1|text=<div style="line-height:1.1em;">'''14'''</div>}} {{Image label|x=-180.0|y=-70|scale=-1|text=<div style="line-height:1.1em;">'''15'''</div>}} {{Image label|x=-190.0|y=-195|scale=-1|text=<div style="line-height:1.1em;">'''16'''</div>}} {{Image label end}} '''Pratelan kabiskopan ing Itali''' yaiku pratelan sing ngalebokake lan njlèntrèhaké pambagian kanggo wilayah administratif [[Greja Katulik Roma]] sing dipimpin déning [[biskop]] utawa [[ordinaris]] ing [[Itali]]. Para biskop ing Itali gabung ing [[Konferensi Waligreja Itali]]. Ing Juli 2020, ana 227 yurisdiksi, sing ngaliputi 1 [[Takhta Suci|Takhta Kepausan]], 1 [[patriarkat]], 40 [[kabiskopan agung|kabiskopan agung metropolit]], 20 [[kabiskopan agung]], 155 [[kabiskopan suffragan]], 2 prelatur teritorial, 6 keabasan teritorial, 1 eksarkat apostolik, lan 1 ordinariat militer. == Pratelan kabiskopan == === Provinsi Grejawi Roma === * {{flagicon|Vatikan}} [[Kabiskopan Roma]]: [[Paus Fransiskus]] *: Biskop Auksilier, [[Guerino Di Tora]] *: Biskop Auksilier, [[Daniele Libanori]], [[S.J.]] *: Biskop Auksilier, [[Gianpiero Palmieri]] *: Biskop Auksilier, [[Paolo Ricciardi]] *: Biskop Auksilier, [[Paolo Selvadagi]] ** [[Kabiskopan Suburbikaris Albano]]: [[Marcello Semeraro]] ** [[Kabiskopan Suburbikaris Frascati]]: [[Raffaello Martinelli]] ** [[Kabiskopan Suburbikaris Ostia]]: diisi déning Administrator Apostolik, [[Kardinal vikaris]] [[Angelo De Donatis]]{{fn|1}} ** [[Kabiskopan Suburbikaris Palestrina]]: [[Mauro Parmeggiani]] ** [[Kabiskopan Suburbikaris Porto-Santa Rufina]]: [[Gino Reali]] ** [[Kabiskopan Suburbikaris Sabina-Poggio Mirteto]]: [[Ernesto Mandara]] ** [[Kabiskopan Suburbikaris Velletri-Segni]]: [[Vincenzo Apicella]] ===Provinsi Grejawi Venesia=== * [[Patriarkat Venesia]]: Patriark [[Francesco Moraglia]] ** [[Kabiskopan Adria-Rovigo]]: [[Pierantonio Pavanello]] ** [[Kabiskopan Belluno-Feltre]]: [[Renato Marangoni]] ** [[Kabiskopan Chioggia]]: [[Adriano Tessarollo]] ** [[Kabiskopan Concordia-Pordenone]]: [[Giuseppe Pellegrini]] ** [[Kabiskopan Padova]]: [[Claudio Cipolla]] ** [[Kabiskopan Treviso]]: [[Michele Tomasi]] ** [[Kabiskopan Verona]]: [[Giuseppe Zenti]] ** [[Kabiskopan Vicenza]]: [[Beniamino Pizziol]] ** [[Kabiskopan Vittorio Veneto]]: [[Corrado Pizziolo]] === Provinsi Grejawi Agrigento === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Agrigento]]: Kardinal [[Francesco Montenegro]] ** [[Kabiskopan Caltanissetta]]: [[Mario Russotto]] ** [[Kabiskopan Piazza Armerina]]: [[Rosario Gisana]] === Provinsi Grejawi Ancona-Osimo === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Ancona-Osimo]]: [[Angelo Spina]] ** [[Kabiskopan Fabriano-Matelica]]: [[Francesco Massara]] (''in persona episcopi'' [[Kabiskopan Agung Camerino–San Severino Marche]]) ** [[Kabiskopan Jesi]]: [[Gerardo Rocconi]] ** [[Prelatur Teritorial Loreto]]: [[Fabio Dal Cin]] ** [[Kabiskopan Senigallia]]: [[Francesco Manenti]] === Provinsi Grejawi Bari-Bitonto === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Bari-Bitonto]]: [[Francesco Cacucci]] ** [[Kabiskopan Altamura-Gravina-Acquaviva delle Fonti]]: [[Giovanni Ricchiuti]] ** [[Kabiskopan Andria]]: [[Luigi Mansi]] ** [[Kabiskopan Conversano-Monopoli]]: [[Giuseppe Favale]] ** [[Kabiskopan Molfetta-Ruvo-Giovinazzo-Terlizzi]]: [[Domenico Cornacchia]] ** [[Kabiskopan Agung Trani-Barletta-Bisceglie]]: [[Leonardo D'Ascenzo]] === Provinsi Grejawi Benevento === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Benevento]]: [[Felice Accrocca]] ** [[Kabiskopan Ariano Irpino-Lacedonia]]: [[Sergio Melillo]] ** [[Kabiskopan Avellino]]: [[Arturo Aiello]] ** [[Kabiskopan Cerreto Sannita–Telese–Sant'Agata de' Goti]]: [[Domenico Battaglia]] ** [[Keabasan Teritorial Montevergine]]: [[Riccardo Luca Guariglia]], [[O.S.B.]] ** [[Kabiskopan Agung Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi-Conza-Nusco-Bisaccia]]: [[Pasquale Cascio]] === Provinsi Grejawi Bologna === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Bologna]]: Kardinal [[Matteo Maria Zuppi]] ** [[Kabiskopan Faenza-Modigliana]]: [[Mario Toso]], [[S.D.B.]] ** [[Kabiskopan Agung Ferrara-Comacchio]]: [[Gian Carlo Perego]] ** [[Kabiskopan Imola]]: [[Giovanni Mosciatti]] === Provinsi Grejawi Cagliari === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Cagliari]]: [[Giuseppe Salvatore Baturi]] ** [[Kabiskopan Iglesias]]: [[Giovanni Paolo Zedda]] ** [[Kabiskopan Lanusei]]: [[Antonio Mura]] (''in persona episcopi'' [[Kabiskopan Nuoro]]) ** [[Kabiskopan Nuoro]]: [[Antonio Mura]] === Provinsi Grejawi Campobasso–Boiano === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Campobasso–Boiano]]: [[Giancarlo Maria Bregantini]], [[C.S.S.]] ** [[Kabiskopan Isernia-Venafro]]: [[Camillo Cibotti]] ** [[Kabiskopan Termoli-Larino]]: [[Gianfranco De Luca]] ** [[Kabiskopan Trivento]]: [[Claudio Palumbo]] === Provinsi Grejawi Catania === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Catania]]: [[Salvatore Gristina]] ** [[Kabiskopan Acireale]]: [[Antonino Raspanti]] ** [[Kabiskopan Caltagirone]]: [[Calogero Peri]], [[O.F.M. Cap.]] === Provinsi Grejawi Catanzaro–Squillace === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Catanzaro–Squillace]]: [[Vincenzo Bertolone]], [[S.d.P.]] ** [[Kabiskopan Agung Crotone-Santa Severina]]: [[Angelo Raffaele Panzetta]] ** [[Kabiskopan Lamezia Terme]]: [[Giuseppe Schillaci]] === Provinsi Grejawi Chieti-Vasto === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Chieti-Vasto]]: [[Bruno Forte]] ** [[Kabiskopan Agung Lanciano-Ortona]]: [[Emidio Cipollone]] === Provinsi Grejawi Cosenza-Bisignano === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Cosenza-Bisignano]]: [[Francescantonio Nolè]], [[O.F.M. Conv.]] ** [[Kabiskopan Cassano all'Jonio]]: [[Francesco Savino]] ** [[Kabiskopan Agung Rossano-Cariati]]: [[Giuseppe Satriano]] ** [[Kabiskopan San Marco Argentano-Scalea]]: [[Leonardo Antonio Paolo Bonanno]] === Provinsi Grejawi Fermo === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Fermo]]: [[Rocco Pennacchio]] ** [[Kabiskopan Ascoli Piceno]]: [[Giovanni D'Ercole]], [[F.D.P.]] ** [[Kabiskopan Agung Camerino–San Severino Marche]]: [[Francesco Massara]] ** [[Kabiskopan Macerata-Tolentino-Recanati-Cingoli-Treia]]: [[Nazzareno Marconi]] ** [[Kabiskopan San Benedetto del Tronto–Ripatransone–Montalto]]: [[Carlo Bresciani]] === Provinsi Grejawi Firenze === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Firenze]]: Kardinal [[Giuseppe Betori]] ** [[Kabiskopan Arezzo-Cortona-Sansepolcro]]: [[Riccardo Fontana]] ** [[Kabiskopan Fiesole]]: [[Mario Meini]] ** [[Kabiskopan Pistoia]]: [[Fausto Tardelli]] ** [[Kabiskopan Prato]]: [[Giovanni Nerbini]] ** [[Kabiskopan San Miniato]]: [[Andrea Migliavacca]] === Provinsi Grejawi Foggia-Bovino === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Foggia-Bovino]]: [[Vincenzo Pelvi]] ** [[Kabiskopan Cerignola-Ascoli Satriano]]: [[Luigi Renna]] ** [[Kabiskopan Lucera–Troia]]: [[Giuseppe Giuliano]] ** [[Kabiskopan Agung Manfredonia-Vieste-San Giovanni Rotondo]]: [[Franco Moscone]], [[C.R.S.]] ** [[Kabiskopan San Severo]]: [[Giovanni Checchinato]] === Provinsi Grejawi Genoa === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Genoa]]: [[Marco Tasca]], [[O.F.M. Conv.]] *: Biskop Auksilier, [[Nicolò Anselmi]] ** [[Kabiskopan Albenga-Imperia]]: [[Guglielmo Borghetti]] ** [[Kabiskopan Chiavari]]: [[Alberto Tanasini]] ** [[Kabiskopan La Spezia-Sarzana-Brugnato]]: [[Luigi Ernesto Palletti]] ** [[Kabiskopan Savona-Noli]]: [[Calogero Marino]] ** [[Kabiskopan Tortona]]: [[Vittorio Francesco Viola]], [[O.F.M.]] ** [[Kabiskopan Ventimiglia-San Remo]]: [[Antonio Suetta]] === Provinsi Grejawi Gorizia === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Gorizia]]: [[Carlo Roberto Maria Redaelli]] ** [[Kabiskopan Trieste]]: [[Giampaolo Crepaldi]] === Provinsi Grejawi L'Aquila === * [[Kabiskopan Agung L'Aquila]]: Kardinal [[Giuseppe Petrocchi]] ** [[Kabiskopan Avezzano]]: [[Pietro Santoro]] ** [[Kabiskopan Sulmona-Valva]]: [[Michele Fusco]] === Provinsi Grejawi Lecce === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Lecce]]: [[Michele Seccia]] ** [[Kabiskopan Agung Brindisi–Ostuni]]: [[Domenico Caliandro]] ** [[Kabiskopan Nardò-Gallipoli]]: [[Fernando Tarcisio Filograna]] ** [[Kabiskopan Agung Otranto]]: [[Donato Negro]] ** [[Kabiskopan Ugento-Santa Maria di Leuca]]: [[Vito Angiuli]] === Provinsi Grejawi Messina-Lipari-Santa Lucia del Mela === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Messina-Lipari-Santa Lucia del Mela]]: [[Giovanni Accolla]] *: Biskop Auksilier, [[Cesare Di Pietro]] ** [[Kabiskopan Nicosia]]: [[Salvatore Muratore]] ** [[Kabiskopan Patti]]: [[Guglielmo Giombanco]] === Provinsi Grejawi Milan === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Milan]] ([[Ritus Ambrosian]]): [[Mario Enrico Delpini]] *: Biskop Auksilier, [[Franco Maria Giuseppe Agnesi]] *: Biskop Auksilier, [[Paolo Martinelli (rohaniwan)|Paolo Martinelli]], [[O.F.M. Cap.]] *: Biskop Auksilier, [[Giovanni Luca Raimondi]] *: Biskop Auksilier, [[Giuseppe Natale Vegezzi]] ** [[Kabiskopan Bergamo]]: [[Francesco Beschi]] ** [[Kabiskopan Brescia]]: [[Pierantonio Tremolada]] ** [[Kabiskopan Como]]: [[Oscar Cantoni]] ** [[Kabiskopan Crema]]: [[Daniele Gianotti]] ** [[Kabiskopan Cremona]]: [[Antonio Napolioni]] ** [[Kabiskopan Lodi]]: [[Maurizio Malvestiti]] ** [[Kabiskopan Mantova]]: [[Gianmarco Busca]] ** [[Kabiskopan Pavia]]: [[Corrado Sanguineti]] ** [[Kabiskopan Vigevano]]: [[Maurizio Gervasoni]] === Provinsi Grejawi Modena-Nonantola === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Modena-Nonantola]]: [[Erio Castellucci]] ** [[Kabiskopan Carpi]]: ''lowong'', diisi déning Administrator Apostolik [[Erio Castellucci]] ** [[Kabiskopan Fidenza]]: [[Ovidio Vezzoli]] ** [[Kabiskopan Parma]]: [[Enrico Solmi]] ** [[Kabiskopan Piacenza-Bobbio]]: [[Adriano Cevolotto]] ** [[Kabiskopan Reggio Emilia-Guastalla]]: [[Massimo Camisasca]], [[F.S.C.B.]] === Provinsi Grejawi Napoli === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Napoli]]: Kardinal [[Crescenzio Sepe]] *: Biskop Auksilier, [[Gennaro Acampa]] *: Biskop Auksilier, [[Lucio Lemmo]] ** [[Kabiskopan Acerra]]: [[Antonio Di Donna]] ** [[Kabiskopan Alife-Caiazzo]]: ''lowong'', diisi déning Administrator Apostolik [[Orazio Francesco Piazza]] ** [[Kabiskopan Aversa]]: [[Angelo Spinillo]] ** [[Kabiskopan Agung Capua]]: [[Salvatore Visco]] ** [[Kabiskopan Caserta]]: [[Giovanni D'Alise]] ** [[Kabiskopan Ischia]]: [[Pietro Lagnese]] ** [[Kabiskopan Nola]]: [[Francesco Marino]] ** [[Prelatur Teritorial Pompei|Prelatur Teritorial Santa Perawan Maria Ratu Rosario Suci Pompei]]: [[Tommaso Caputo]] ** [[Kabiskopan Pozzuoli]]: [[Gennaro Pascarella]] ** [[Kabiskopan Sessa Aurunca]]: [[Orazio Francesco Piazza]] ** [[Kabiskopan Agung Sorrento-Castellammare di Stabia]]: [[Francesco Alfano]] ** [[Kabiskopan Teano-Calvi]]: [[Giacomo Cirulli]] === Provinsi Grejawi Oristano === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Oristano]]: [[Roberto Carboni]], [[O.F.M. Conv.]] ** [[Kabiskopan Ales-Terralba]]: ''lowong'', diisi déning Administrator Apostolik [[Roberto Carboni]], [[O.F.M. Conv.]] === Provinsi Grejawi Palermo === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Palermo]]: [[Corrado Lorefice]] ** [[Kabiskopan Cefalù]]: [[Giuseppe Marciante]] ** [[Kabiskopan Mazara del Vallo]]: [[Domenico Mogavero]] ** [[Kabiskopan Agung Monreale]]: [[Michele Pennisi]] ** [[Kabiskopan Trapani]]: [[Pietro Maria Fragnelli]] === Provinsi Grejawi Perugia-Città della Pieve === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Perugia-Città della Pieve]]: Kardinal [[Gualtiero Bassetti]] *: Biskop Auksilier, [[Marco Salvi]] ** [[Kabiskopan Assisi-Nocera Umbra-Gualdo Tadino]]: [[Domenico Sorrentino]] ** [[Kabiskopan Città di Castello]]: [[Domenico Cancian]], [[F.A.M.]] ** [[Kabiskopan Foligno]]: ''lowong'', diisi déning Administrator Apostolik [[Gualtiero Sigismondi]] ** [[Kabiskopan Gubbio]]: [[Luciano Paolucci Bedini]] === Provinsi Grejawi Pesaro === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Pesaro]]: [[Piero Coccia]] ** [[Kabiskopan Fano-Fossombrone-Cagli-Pergola]]: [[Armando Trasarti]] ** [[Kabiskopan Agung Urbino-Urbania-Sant'Angelo di Vado]]: [[Giovanni Tani]] === Provinsi Grejawi Pescara-Penne === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Pescara-Penne]]: [[Tommaso Valentinetti]] ** [[Kabiskopan Teramo-Atri]]: [[Lorenzo Leuzzi]] === Provinsi Grejawi Pisa === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Pisa]]: [[Giovanni Paolo Benotto]] ** [[Kabiskopan Livorno]]: [[Simone Giusti]] ** [[Kabiskopan Massa Carrara-Pontremoli]]: [[Giovanni Santucci]] ** [[Kabiskopan Pescia]]: [[Roberto Filippini]] ** [[Kabiskopan Volterra]]: [[Alberto Silvani]] === Provinsi Grejawi Potenza-Muro Lucano-Marsico Nuovo === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Potenza-Muro Lucano-Marsico Nuovo]]: [[Salvatore Ligorio]] ** [[Kabiskopan Agung Acerenza]]: [[Francesco Sirufo]] ** [[Kabiskopan Agung Matera-Irsina]]: [[Antonio Giuseppe Caiazzo]] ** [[Kabiskopan Melfi-Rapolla-Venosa]]: [[Ciro Fanelli]] ** [[Kabiskopan Tricarico]]: [[Giovanni Intini]] ** [[Kabiskopan Tursi-Lagonegro]]: [[Vincenzo Carmine Orofino]] === Provinsi Grejawi Ravenna-Cervia === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Ravenna-Cervia]]: [[Lorenzo Ghizzoni]] ** [[Kabiskopan Cesena-Sarsina]]: [[Douglas Regattieri]] ** [[Kabiskopan Forlì-Bertinoro]]: [[Livio Corazza]] ** [[Kabiskopan Rimini]]: [[Francesco Lambiasi]] ** [[Kabiskopan San Marino-Montefeltro]], ''juga mencakup wilayah [[San Marino]]'': [[Andrea Turazzi]] === Provinsi Grejawi Reggio Calabria-Bova === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Reggio Calabria-Bova]]: [[Giuseppe Fiorini Morosini]], [[O.M.]] ** [[Kabiskopan Locri-Gerace]]: [[Francesco Oliva]] ** [[Kabiskopan Mileto-Nicotera-Tropea]]: [[Luigi Renzo]] ** [[Kabiskopan Oppido Mamertina-Palmi]]: [[Francesco Milito]] === Provinsi Grejawi Salerno-Campagna-Acerno === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Salerno-Campagna-Acerno]]: [[Andrea Bellandi]] ** [[Kabiskopan Agung Amalfi-Cava de' Tirreni]]: [[Orazio Soricelli]] ** [[Kabiskopan Nocera Inferiore-Sarno]]: [[Giuseppe Giudice]] ** [[Keabasan Teritorial Santissima Trinità di Cava de' Tirreni]]: [[Michele Petruzzelli]], [[O.S.B.]] ** [[Kabiskopan Teggiano-Policastro]]: [[Antonio De Luca]], [[C.SS.R.]] ** [[Kabiskopan Vallo della Lucania]]: [[Ciro Miniero]] === Provinsi Grejawi Sassari === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Sassari]]: [[Gian Franco Saba]] ** [[Kabiskopan Alghero-Bosa]]: [[Mauro Maria Morfino]], [[S.D.B.]] ** [[Kabiskopan Ozieri]]: [[Corrado Melis]] ** [[Kabiskopan Tempio-Ampurias]]: [[Sebastiano Sanguinetti]] === Provinsi Grejawi Siena-Colle di Val d'Elsa-Montalcino === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Siena-Colle di Val d'Elsa-Montalcino]]: [[Augusto Paolo Lojudice]] ** [[Kabiskopan Grosseto]]: [[Rodolfo Cetoloni]], [[O.F.M.]] ** [[Kabiskopan Massa Marittima-Piombino]]: [[Carlo Ciattini]] ** [[Kabiskopan Montepulciano-Chiusi-Pienza]]: [[Stefano Manetti]] ** [[Kabiskopan Pitigliano-Sovana-Orbetello]]: [[Giovanni Roncari]], [[O.F.M. Cap.]] === Provinsi Grejawi Siracusa === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Siracusa]]: [[Francesco Lomanto]] ** [[Kabiskopan Noto]]: [[Antonio Staglianò]] ** [[Kabiskopan Ragusa]]: [[Carmelo Cuttitta]] === Provinsi Grejawi Taranto === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Taranto]]: [[Filippo Santoro]] ** [[Kabiskopan Castellaneta]]: [[Claudio Maniago]] ** [[Kabiskopan Oria]]: [[Vincenzo Pisanello]] === Provinsi Grejawi Torino === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Torino]]: [[Cesare Nosiglia]] ** [[Kabiskopan Acqui]]: [[Luigi Testore]] ** [[Kabiskopan Alba Pompeia]]: [[Marco Brunetti]] ** [[Kabiskopan Aosta]]: [[Franco Lovignana]] ** [[Kabiskopan Asti]]: [[Marco Prastaro]] ** [[Kabiskopan Cuneo]]: [[Piero Delbosco]] ** [[Kabiskopan Fossano]]: [[Piero Delbosco]] ** [[Kabiskopan Ivrea]]: [[Edoardo Aldo Cerrato]], [[C.O.]] ** [[Kabiskopan Mondovì]]: [[Egidio Miragoli]] ** [[Kabiskopan Pinerolo]]: [[Derio Olivero]] ** [[Kabiskopan Saluzzo]]: [[Cristiano Bodo]] ** [[Kabiskopan Susa]]: ''lowong'', diisi déning Administrator Apostolik [[Cesare Nosiglia]] === Provinsi Grejawi Trento === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Trento]]: [[Lauro Tisi]] ** [[Kabiskopan Bolzano-Brixen]]: [[Ivo Muser]] === Provinsi Grejawi Udine === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Udine]]: [[Andrea Bruno Mazzocato]] === Provinsi Grejawi Vercelli === * [[Kabiskopan Agung Vercelli]]: [[Marco Arnolfo]] ** [[Kabiskopan Alessandria]]: [[Guido Gallese]] ** [[Kabiskopan Biella]]: [[Roberto Farinella]] ** [[Kabiskopan Casale Monferrato]]: [[Gianni Sacchi]] ** [[Kabiskopan Novara]]: [[Franco Giulio Brambilla]] === Yurisdiksi Takhta Suci === ;Ritus Latin * [[Kabiskopan Agung Lucca]]: [[Paolo Giulietti]] * [[Keabasan Teritorial Monte Oliveto Maggiore]]: [[Diego Gualtiero Rosa]], [[O.S.B.]] * [[Kabiskopan Orvieto-Todi]]: [[Gualtiero Sigismondi]] * [[Kabiskopan Agung Spoleto-Norcia]]: [[Renato Boccardo]] * [[Kabiskopan Terni-Narni-Amelia]]: [[Giuseppe Piemontese]], [[O.F.M. Conv.]] ;Ordinariat Militer * [[Ordinariat Militer Italia]]: [[Santo Marcianò]] ;[[Greja Katulik Albani-Itali|Albani-Itali]] * [[Eparki Lungro]]: [[Donato Oliverio]] * [[Eparki Piana]]: ''lowong'', diisi déning Administrator Apostolik [[Giorgio Demetrio Gallaro]] * [[Keabasan Teritorial Santa Maria di Grottaferrata]]: ''lowong'', diisi déning Administrator Apostolik [[Marcello Semeraro]] ;Ritus Wetan * [[Eksarkat Apostolik Itali]] kanggo Umat Greja Ukraina *: Delegatus Apostolik, [[Dionisio Lachovicz]] *: Administrator Apostolik, Kardinal [[Angelo De Donatis]] ;Gegandhengan karo [[Kabiskopan Roma]] * [[Kabiskopan Anagni-Alatri]]: [[Lorenzo Loppa]] * [[Kabiskopan Civita Castellana]]: [[Romano Rossi]] * [[Kabiskopan Civitavecchia-Tarquinia]]: [[Gianrico Ruzza]] * [[Kabiskopan Frosinone-Veroli-Ferentino]]: [[Ambrogio Spreafico]] * [[Kabiskopan Agung Gaeta]]: [[Luigi Vari]] * [[Kabiskopan Latina-Terracina-Sezze-Priverno]]: [[Mariano Crociata]] * [[Keabasan Teritorial Montecassino]]: [[Donato Ogliari]], [[O.S.B.]] * [[Kabiskopan Rieti]]: [[Domenico Pompili]] * [[Kabiskopan Sora-Cassino-Aquino-Pontecorvo]]: [[Gerardo Antonazzo]] * [[Keabasan Teritorial Subiaco]]: [[Mauro Meacci]], [[O.S.B.]] * [[Kabiskopan Tivoli]]: [[Mauro Parmeggiani]] * [[Kabiskopan Viterbo]]: [[Lino Fumagalli]] == Cathetan == * {{fnb|1}} [[Kepala Dewan Kardinal]] dadi Biskop Ostia sawise [[1150]]. [[Kardinal vikaris]] tumindak minangka Administrator Apostolik Ostia sawise 18 November 1966.<ref>http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/country/IT-province.htm</ref> == Referensi == {{Reflist}} == Deleng uga == * [[Greja Katulik ing Italia]] == Pranala jaba == * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/country/bitqv.html Entri di Catholic-Hierarchy] * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/country/IT.htm Entri di GCatholic.org] {{Kabiskopan ing Itali}} {{Kabiskopan ing Eropa}} {{Katulik-stub}} {{negara-stub|Italia}} [[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Itali| ]] [[Kategori:Pratélan kabiskopan miturut nagara|Itali]] [[Kategori:Pratélan bertopik Itali|K]] 6w5wxz7dlm13emaipilqrs758iqnqrh 0 182819 1756868 1581318 2026-09-22T11:56:17Z Meursault2004 3 dening → déning 1756868 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox diocese | jurisdiction = Vikariat Apostolik | name = Puerto Princesa | latin = Apostolicus Vicariatus Portus Principis in Philippins | local = Katoliko Romanong Apostolico Vicariato ng Puerto Princesa <br /><small>Vicariato Apostólico de Puerto Princesa</small> | image = | image_size = frameless | image_alt = | caption = <!---- Locations ----> | country = {{flag|Filipina}} | territory = [[Palawan]] | province = Yurisdiksi langsung Takhta Suci | metropolitan = | archdeaconries = | deaneries = | subdivisions = | coordinates = <!-- Use {{coord}} --> <!---- Statistics ----> | area_km2 = 8.552 | area_sqmi = <!-- Area in square miles, automatically converted --> | population = 612,014 | population_as_of = 2010 | catholics = 319,768 | catholics_percent = 51.6 | parishes = 25 | churches = <!-- Number of churches in the diocese --> | congregations = <!-- Number of congregations in the diocese --> | schools = <!-- Number of church supported schools in the diocese --> | members = <!-- Number of members in the diocese --> <!---- Information ----> | denomination = [[Katulik Roma]] | sui_iuris_church = [[Greja Latin]] | rite = [[Ritus Roma]] | established = 10 April 1955 | cathedral = Katedral Bunda Tak Bernoda ing [[Puerto Princesa]] | cocathedral = | patron = [[Bunda Tak Bernoda]] | patron_title = <!-- Use to override the default label "Patron saint" --> | priests = 43 <!---- Current leadership ----> | pope = {{Incumbent pope}} <!-- DO NOT CHANGE. This will update the Popes Automatically as they change --> | patriarch = | major_archbishop = | bishop = [[Socrates Calamba Mesiona]], [[M.S.P.]] | bishop_title = Vikaris Apostolik | metro_archbishop = | coadjutor = | suffragans = <!-- List most senior first (usually reckoned by date of consecration); use | suffragan = for one--> | auxiliary_bishops = <!-- List most senior first (usually reckoned by date of consecration) --> | apostolic_admin = | vicar_general = Juan Felipe Torrecampo | episcopal_vicar = | archdeacons = <!-- List most senior first (usually reckoned by date of first collation); use | archdeacon = for one--> | emeritus_bishops = [[Pedro Dulay Arigo]] <!---- Map ----> | map = RC Apostolic Vicariate of Puerto Princesa.png | map_alt = | map_caption = Yurisdiksi Vikariat Apostolik Puerto Princesa. <!---- Website ----> | website = <!-- [http://example.com example.com] --> | footnotes = Sumber statistik: {{cite web|title=Apostolic Vicariate of Puerto Princesa|url=http://www.ucanews.com/diocesan-directory/html/dps-pr_puerto_princesa.php|work=Diocesan Directory|publisher=UCANews|accessdate=28 November 2011}} }} '''Vikariat Apostolik Puerto Princesa''' yaiku [[vikariat apostolik]] ing [[Filipina]]. Ing [[hierarki Greja Katulik]], wilayah grejawi kasebut dioperasikan kayata [[kabiskopan]] lan dikepalai déning[[biskop tituler]]. == Pranala jaba == * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/puer8.htm GigaCatholic, with incumbent ordinaties list and linking biographies] * [http://www.cbcponline.net/puerto/index.html Konferensi Waligereja Filipina] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090339/http://www.cbcponline.net/puerto/index.html |date=2016-03-04 }} {{Kabiskopan ing Filipina}} [[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Filipina|Puerto Princesa]] [[Kategori:Puerto Princesa]] e2pg6lcvgn0tdlyp48fhojgauwn8yx1 0 182931 1756885 1699456 2026-09-22T11:57:36Z Meursault2004 3 dening → déning 1756885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox diocese |jurisdiction = Kabiskopan |name = Darjeeling |latin = Dioecesis Darieelingensis |local = दार्जिलिंग के सूबा |image = Immaculate_Conception_Cathedral,_Darjeeling.jpg |caption = Katedral Bunda Tak Bercela ing [[Darjeeling]] |country = {{flag|Indhi}}<br>{{flag|Bhutan}} |metropolitan = [[Kabiskopan Agung Kolkata|Kolkata]] |province = [[Kabiskopan Agung Kolkata|Kolkata]] |rite = [[Ritus Latin]] |cathedral = Katedral Bunda Tak Bercela ing [[Darjeeling]] |cocathedral = |parishes = |patron = |area_km2 = 10,880 |population = 2,331,153 |population_as_of = 2006 |catholics = 33,553 |catholics_percent= 1,4 |pope = {{Incumbent pope}} |bishop = Stefanus Lepcha |metro_archbishop = Tomas D’Souza |coadjutor = |auxiliary_bishops= |website = }} '''Kabiskopan Darjeeling''' yaiku [[kabiskopan]] [[sufragan]] [[Katulik Roma]] [[Latin]] sing ana ing wetan-lor [[Indhi]], [[provinsi grejawi]] Metropolitan [[Kabiskopan Agung Kolkata]], lan bergantung karo [[Kongregasi Roma kanggo Evangelisasi Bangsa-bangsa]]. Kabiskopan kasebut nglebokake wilayahe ing nagara [[Himalaya]] independen (khususe Buddha) [[Bhutan]], sing endi [[agami Kristen]] dipraktikake déning minoritas lan penyebaran agami menika hal sing dilarang. == Referensi == {{Reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/darj0.htm GCatholic.org with incumbent bio links - data for all sections] * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/ddarj.html www.catholic-hierarchy.org - Statistics on the Diocese of Darjeeling] {{coord|27.0464|N|88.2643|E|source:wikidata|display=title}} {{kabiskopan ing Indhi}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Darjeeling, Kabiskopan}} [[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Indhi]] [[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Bhutan]] e78v4d35iv94kzwtif9jy70x2uk4b78 0 183325 1756875 1582229 2026-09-22T11:56:44Z Meursault2004 3 dening → déning 1756875 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox diocese |jurisdiction = Eparki |name = Kanjirapally |local = |image = Kanjirappally Bishop Mathew Arackal at Tomb of Varghese Payapilly Palakkappilly.jpg |country = {{flag|Indhi}} |province = [[Eparki Agung Changanassery]] |metropolitan = [[Eparki Agung Changanassery]] |rite = [[Ritus Siro-Malabar]] |cathedral = Katedral Santo Dominikus ing [[Kanjirappally]] |cocathedral = |established = 26 Februari 1977 |patron = [[Mar]]th [[Maria]]m |parishes = |area_km2 = 2,017 |population = 1,383,000 |population_as_of = 2011 |catholics = 228,700 |catholics_percent= 16.5 |pope = {{incumbent pope}} |metro_archbishop = Mar [[Yosef Perumthottam]] |coadjutor = |bishop = Mar [[Matius Arackal]] |major_archbishop = Mar [[Gregorius Alencherry]] |auxiliary_bishops= Mar [[Jose Pulickal]] |emeritus_bishops = Mar Mathew Vattackuzhy <small>Biskop Emeritus (1987–2000)</small> |website = [http://archdiocesechanganacherry.org/index.php Situs Web Kabiskopan] }} '''Eparki Katulik Siro-Malabar Kanjirapally''' yaiku eparki [[Katulik Wetan]] ing [[India]], ing ngisor [[Greja Katulik Siro-Malabar]]. Eparki kasebut didegake déning [[Paus Paulus VI]] liwat [[bulla kepausan|bulla]] "Nos Beati Petri Successores" ing Februari 1977, sing misahke bagean wetan saka [[Eparki Agung Changanassery]] lan ngadegake eparki anyar Kanjirapally, minangka suffragan saka Eparki Agung sing padha. Mar [[Mathew Arackal]] menika biskop saikine.<ref>http://www.kanjirapallydiocese.com/</ref> == Referensi == {{reflist}} == Pranala jaba == * [http://www.kanjirapallydiocese.com/ Diocese of Kanjirappally] * [http://www.thesyromalabarchurch.org/kanjirappally.htm Church profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061015143458/http://www.thesyromalabarchurch.org/kanjirappally.htm |date=2006-10-15 }} * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dknsm.html Catholic-Hierarchy entry] {{Hierarki Greja Katulik Siro-Malabar}} {{kabiskopan ing Indhi}} [[Kategori:kabiskopan ing Indhi|Kanjirappally]] [[Kategori:kabiskopan Siro-Malabar|Kanjirappally]] 5pex1qfls8bantzpq676fkrqc1w5591 0 183371 1756878 1582314 2026-09-22T11:56:57Z Meursault2004 3 dening → déning 1756878 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox diocese | jurisdiction = Eparki | name = Gorakhpur | local = गोरखपुर के सूबा | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | caption = <!---- Locations ----> | country = {{flag|Indhi}} | territory = | province = [[Kabiskopan Agung Agra|Agra]] | metropolitan = [[Kabiskopan Agung Agra|Agra]] | archdeaconries = | deaneries = | subdivisions = | coordinates = <!-- Use {{coord}} --> <!---- Statistics ----> | area_km2 = 19,070 | area_sqmi = <!-- Area in square miles, automatically converted --> | area_footnotes = | population = 17,200,635 | population_as_of = 2009 | catholics = 3,230 | catholics_percent = 0.0 | parishes = <!-- Number of parishes in the diocese --> | churches = <!-- Number of churches in the diocese --> | congregations = <!-- Number of congregations in the diocese --> | schools = <!-- Number of church supported schools in the diocese --> | members = <!-- Number of members in the diocese --> <!---- Information ----> | denomination = [[Greja Katulik]] | sui_iuris_church = [[Greja Katulik Siro-Malabar]] | rite = [[Ritus Siria Wetan]] | established = 19 Juni 1984 | cathedral = Katedral Santo Yosef ing [[Gorakhpur]] | cocathedral = | patron = [[Santa Thérèse saka Lisieux]]<br>[[Santo Yosef]] | patron_title = <!-- Use to override the default label "Patron saint" --> | priests = <!-- Number of priests in the diocese --> <!---- Current leadership ----> | pope = {{Incumbent pope}} <!-- DO NOT CHANGE. This will update the Popes Automatically as they change --> | patriarch = | major_archbishop = [[George Alencherry]] | bishop = Thomas Thuruthimattam | bishop_title = <!-- Type of ordinary: i.e. Bishop or Archbishop. Default is Bishop --> | metro_archbishop = Albert D'Souza | coadjutor = | suffragans = <!-- List most senior first (usually reckoned by date of consecration); use | suffragan = for one --> | auxiliary_bishops = <!-- List most senior first (usually reckoned by date of consecration) --> | apostolic_admin = | vicar_general = | episcopal_vicar = | archdeacons = <!-- List most senior first (usually reckoned by date of first collation); use | archdeacon = for one--> | emeritus_bishops = Dominic Kokkat <small>Biskop Emeritus (1984-2005)</small> <!---- Map ----> | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = <!---- Website ----> | website = [http://www.dioceseofgorakhpur.org/ Situs Web Kabiskopan] | footnotes = }} '''Eparki Siro-Malabar Gorakhpur''' yaiku eparki [[Katulik Wetan]] ing [[Indhi]], ing ngisor [[Greja Katulik Siro-Malabar]]. Eparki kasebut didegake déning [[Paus Yohanes Paulus II]] ing 1984 liwat [[bulla kepausan|bulla]] "[[Ex quo Divinum Concilium]]". Mar [[Thomas Thuruthimattam]], CST diangkat dadi biskop Gorakhpur ing 15 Juli 2006. Ia ditahbiske dadi biskop ing 1 Oktober 2006 lan megang jabatan kasebut ing dina sing padha. == Mantan biskop == * Mar [[Dominic Kokkatt]] == Referensi == {{reflist}} == Pranala jaba == * [http://www.thesyromalabarchurch.org/gorakhpur.htm Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Gorakhpur] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061015143506/http://www.thesyromalabarchurch.org/gorakhpur.htm |date=2006-10-15 }} * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dgosm.html Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Gorakhpur] at [[Catholic-Hierarchy]] {{Hierarki Greja Katulik Siro-Malabar}} {{kabiskopan ing Indhi}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gorakhpur}} [[Kategori:kabiskopan Siro-Malabar]] [[Kategori:Gorakhpur]] [[Kategori:kabiskopan ing Indhi]] 8mg8auvl7a2p9e4rb7spfifupx2wib8 0 183733 1756884 1583001 2026-09-22T11:57:34Z Meursault2004 3 dening → déning 1756884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox diocese | jurisdiction = Kabiskopan | name = Eluru | latin = Dioecesis Eluruensis | local = ఏలూరు డియోసెస్ | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | caption = <!---- Locations ----> | country = {{flag|Indhi}} | territory = | province = [[Kabiskopan Agung Visakhapatnam|Visakhapatnam]] | metropolitan = [[Kabiskopan Agung Visakhapatnam|Visakhapatnam]] | archdeaconries = | deaneries = | subdivisions = | coordinates = <!-- Use {{coord}} --> <!---- Statistics ----> | area_km2 = 6,880 | area_sqmi = <!-- Area in square miles, automatically converted --> | area_footnotes = | population = 7,867,781 | population_as_of = 2006 | catholics = 281,531 | catholics_percent = 3.6 | parishes = <!-- Number of parishes in the diocese --> | churches = <!-- Number of churches in the diocese --> | congregations = <!-- Number of congregations in the diocese --> | schools = <!-- Number of church supported schools in the diocese --> | members = <!-- Number of members in the diocese --> <!---- Information ----> | denomination = [[Katulik Roma]] | sui_iuris_church = [[Greja Latin]] | rite = [[Ritus Roma]] | established = 9 Desember 1976 | cathedral = Katedral Amalodbhavi ing [[Eluru]] | cocathedral = | patron = | patron_title = <!-- Use to override the default label "Patron saint" --> | priests = <!-- Number of priests in the diocese --> <!---- Current leadership ----> | pope = {{Incumbent pope}} <!-- DO NOT CHANGE. This will update the Popes Automatically as they change --> | patriarch = | major_archbishop = | bishop = Jaya Rao Polimera | bishop_title = <!-- Type of ordinary: i.e. Bishop or Archbishop. Default is Bishop --> | metro_archbishop = Prakash Mallavarapu | coadjutor = | suffragans = <!-- List most senior first (usually reckoned by date of consecration); use | suffragan = for one --> | auxiliary_bishops = <!-- List most senior first (usually reckoned by date of consecration) --> | apostolic_admin = | vicar_general = | episcopal_vicar = | archdeacons = <!-- List most senior first (usually reckoned by date of first collation); use | archdeacon = for one--> | emeritus_bishops = <!-- List most senior first (usually reckoned by date of consecration) --> <!---- Map ----> | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = <!---- Website ----> | website = <!-- [http://example.com example.com] --> | footnotes = }} '''Kabiskopan Eluru''' ngeliputi kabeh distrik [[Godawari Kulon]] lan ''Mandal-Mandal'' Amalapuram, Kothapeta, Rajole lan Mummidivaram saka [[Godawari Wetan]] ing [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Indhi]]. Wilayah kasebut didegake saka [[Kabiskopan Vijayawada]] lan ditingkatke dadi kabiskopan déning [[Paus Paulus VI]] ing 9 Desember 1976.<ref>{{Catholic-hierarchy|diocese|delur|Diocese of Eluru|21 January 2015}}</ref> == Biskop == * [[John Mulagada]] (5 Mei 1977–16 Agustus 2009) * [[Jaya Rao Polimera]] (25 Juli 2013–saiki) == Cathetan == {{reflist}} {{coord|16.7143|N|81.0849|E|source:wikidata|display=title}} {{kabiskopan ing Indhi}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Eluru}} [[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Indhi]] ttgrbogxon0jqyfb7hk2pwr7wzpi21a 0 183850 1756886 1699013 2026-09-22T11:57:40Z Meursault2004 3 dening → déning 1756886 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox country at games | NOC = YEM | NOCname = [[Komite Olimpiade Yaman]] | games = Olimpiade | year = | flagcaption = | oldcode = | website = {{url|www.nocyemen.org }}&nbsp;{{in lang|ar|en}} | location = | competitors = | sports = | flagbearer = | rank = | gold = 0 | silver = 0 | bronze = 0 | officials = | appearances = | app_begin_year = | app_end_year = | summerappearances = {{Team appearances list|team=Yaman|competition=Olimpiade Musim Panas|begin_year=1992|end_year= }} | winterappearances = | seealso = {{flagicon|Yaman Lor}} [[Yaman Lor]] ([[Yaman Lor ing Olimpiade Musim Panas 1984|1984]]–[[Yaman Lor ing Olimpiade Musim Panas 1988|1988]])<br/>{{flagicon|Yaman Kidul}} [[Yaman Kidul]] ([[Yaman Kidul ing Olimpiade Musim Panas 1988|1988]]) }} '''[[Yaman]]''' mung melu ing [[Olimpiade Musim Panas]], ngirim atlit ing kabeh edisi sawise melu kaping pertami ing 1992. Sadurunge [[penyatuan Yaman]] ing 1990, para atlit Yaman berkompetisi ing Pertandingan kasebut ing wiwit 1984, ngewakili [[Republik Arab Yaman|Yaman Lor]] (Republik Arab Yaman; 1984 lan 1988) utawa [[Yaman Kidul]] (Republik Demokratik Rakyat Yaman; 1988). Yaman ora pernah menangke medhali Olimpiade. [[Komite Olimpiade Yaman]] didegake ing 1971 lan diresmike déning [[Komite Olimpiade Internasional]] ing 1981. == Pranala njaba == * {{cite web |title=Yemen |publisher=International Olympic Committee |url=http://www.olympic.org/yemen }} * {{cite web |title=Yemen |publisher=Sports-Reference.com |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/YEM |access-date=2020-01-23 |archive-date=2009-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214003149/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/YEM/ |url-status=dead }} * {{cite web|title=Digital Library Collection (Official Olympic Reports)|url=http://search.la84.org/|work=la84.org|publisher=LA84 Foundation|access-date=19 Fèbruari 2014}}{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Nagara ing Olimpiade}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Yaman Ing Olimpiade}} [[Kategori:Yaman ing Olimpiade| ]] [[Kategori:Ulahraga ing Yaman|Olimpiade]] m66l84pgz6chzjmf0mru78b6o603n7e 0 184732 1756882 1613587 2026-09-22T11:57:13Z Meursault2004 3 dening → déning 1756882 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox country at games | NOC = PNG | NOCname = Komite Olimpiade Papua Niu Guinéa | games = Olimpiade | year = | flagcaption = | oldcode = | website = {{url|www.pngolympic.org}} | location = | competitors = | sports = | flagbearer = | rank = | gold = 0 | silver = 0 | bronze = 0 | officials = | appearances = | app_begin_year = | app_end_year = | summerappearances = {{Team appearances list|team=Papua Niu Guinéa|competition=Olimpiade Musim Panas|begin_year=|end_year= }} | winterappearances = | seealso = }} '''[[Papua Niu Guinéa]]''' miwiti melu ing '''[[Permainan Olimpiade]]''' sawise 1976, lan sampun ngirimi para atlet kanggo melu ing kabeh [[Olimpiade Musim Panas]] sawise iku, kajaba nalika nagara kasebut melu ing [[pamboikotan Olimpiade Musim Panas 1980]] sing dipimpin déning Amerika Sarekat. Nagara kasebut ora tau melu ing [[Olimpiade Musim Panas]], lan ora tau menangke medhali ing Olimpiade.<ref name="telegraph 2012">[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/countries/8664293/Papua-New-Guinea-London-2012-Olympics.html Papua New Guinea at the Olympics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611143957/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/countries/8664293/Papua-New-Guinea-London-2012-Olympics.html |date=2020-06-11 }}, ''The Telegraph''</ref> == Referensi == {{Reflist}} == Pranala jaba == * {{cite web |title=Papua New Guinea |publisher=International Olympic Committee |url=http://www.olympic.org/papua-new-guinea }} * {{cite web |title=Papua New Guinea |publisher=Sports-Reference.com |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/PNG |access-date=2020-01-23 |archive-date=2020-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417092153/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/PNG/ |url-status=dead }} {{nagara ing Olimpiade}} [[Kategori:Papua Niu Guinéa pada Olimpiade| ]] [[Kategori:Ulahraga ing Papua Niu Guinéa|Olimpiade]] rp7d75p8yszmwdn5p6hvaxfvsgy74dh 0 185008 1756883 1613459 2026-09-22T11:57:18Z Meursault2004 3 dening → déning 1756883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox country at games | NOC = LBA | NOCname = [[Komite Olimpiade Libya]] | games = Olimpiade | year = | flagcaption = | oldcode = | website = {{url|olympic.ly }}&nbsp;{{in lang|ar}} | location = | competitors = | sports = | flagbearer = | rank = | gold = 0 | silver = 0 | bronze = 0 | officials = | appearances = | app_begin_year = | app_end_year = | summerappearances = {{Team appearances list|team=Libya|competition=Olimpiade Musim Panas|begin_year=|end_year= }} | winterappearances = | seealso = }} '''[[Libya]]''' miwiti melu ing '''[[Permainan Olimpiade]]''' ing 1964, lan ngirim para atlet kanggo melu ing sabagean gedhe [[Olimpiade Musim Panas]] sawise iku. Nagara kasebut ngaboikot [[Olimpiade Musim Panas 1976]] bebarengan karo sabagean gedhe nagara Afrika liyane, lan uga ngaboikot [[Olimpiade Musim Panas 1984]]. Libya ora tau melu ing [[Olimpiade Musim Dingin]]. Saiki, ora ana atlet Libya sing menangke medhali Olimpiade. [[Komite Olimpiade Nasional]] kanggo Libya didegake ing 1962 lan dirasmike déning [[Komite Olimpiade Internasional]] ing 1963. == Pranala jaba == * {{cite web |title=Libya |publisher=International Olympic Committee |url=http://www.olympic.org/libya }} * {{cite web |title=Libya |publisher=Sports-Reference.com |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/LBA |access-date=2020-01-24 |archive-date=2020-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417092944/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/LBA/ |url-status=dead }} {{nagara ing Olimpiade}} [[Kategori:Libya ing Olimpiade| ]] 9fdapjj2cr6k2rrd6g8wkm6jpyaprnl 0 185266 1756869 1704950 2026-09-22T11:56:19Z Meursault2004 3 dening → déning 1756869 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox diocese | jurisdiction = Kabiskopan Agung | name = Marseille | latin = Archidioecesis Massiliensis | local = Archidiocèse de Marseille | image = Cathédrale Sainte-Marie-Majeure.JPG | image_size = 255px | image_alt = | caption = [[Katedral Marseille]] <!---- Locations ----> | country = {{flag|Prancis}} | territory = | province = Marseille | metropolitan = | archdeaconries = | deaneries = | subdivisions = | coordinates = <!-- Use {{coord}} --> <!---- Statistics ----> | area_km2 = 650 | area_sqmi = <!-- Area in square miles, automatically converted --> | area_footnotes = | population = 1,048,521 | population_as_of = 2013 | catholics = 715,000 | catholics_percent = 68.2 | parishes = <!-- Number of parishes in the diocese --> | churches = <!-- Number of churches in the diocese --> | congregations = <!-- Number of congregations in the diocese --> | schools = <!-- Number of church supported schools in the diocese --> | members = <!-- Number of members in the diocese --> <!---- Information ----> | denomination = [[Katulik Roma]] | particular_church = [[Greja Latin]] | rite = [[Ritus Roma]] | established = Abad ping 1 | cathedral = [[Katedral Marseille|Basilika Katedral Dewi Maria Gedhe ing Marseille]] | cocathedral = | patron = [[Lazarus saka Betania|Santo Lazarus saka Betania]] | patron_title = <!-- Use to override the default label "Patron saint" --> | priests = <!-- Number of priests in the diocese --> <!---- Current leadership ----> | pope = {{Incumbent pope}} <!-- DO NOT CHANGE. This will update the Popes Automatically as they change --> | patriarch = | major_archbishop = | bishop = <!-- Name and title of the current ordinary of the diocese --> | bishop_title = <!-- Type of ordinary: i.e. Bishop or Archbishop. Default is Bishop --> | metro_archbishop = Georges Pontier | coadjutor = | suffragans = <!-- List most senior first (usually reckoned by date of consecration); use | suffragan = for one --> | auxiliary_bishops = Jean-Marc Noël Aveline | apostolic_admin = | vicar_general = | episcopal_vicar = | archdeacons = <!-- List most senior first (usually reckoned by date of first collation); use | archdeacon = for one--> | emeritus_bishops = [[Bernard Panafieu]] <small>Biskop Agung Kardinal Emeritus (1995-2006)</small> <!---- Map ----> | map = Provinces ecclésiastiques 2002 (France).svg | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = <!---- Website ----> | website = [http://marseille.catholique.fr/ Situs Web Kabiskopan Agung] | footnotes = }} '''Kabiskopan Agung Marseille''' ([[Latin]]: ''Archidioecesis Massiliensis''; [[basa Prancis|Prancis]]: ''Archidiocèse de Marseille'') yaiku [[kabiskopan agung]] metropolitan [[Ritus Latin]] saka [[Greja Katulik Roma]] ing [[Prancis]]. Tahta kabiskopan kasebut ana ing kutha [[Marseille]], lan kabiskopan kasebut ngeliputi [[ardondisemen]] [[Marseille]], subdivisi saka departemen [[Bouches-du-Rhône]] ing [[Kawasan]] [[Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur]]. Miturut kapercayan lokal, Greja Marseille didegake ing abad ping 1, déning Santo Lazarus, wong lanang enom sing diarani ing Injil sing ditangekake saka ing antarane wong seda déning Yesus Kristus dhewe. Kaluwargane datheng menyang Provence sawise Patangen.<ref>''Gospel of John'' 11-12. Albanès (1899), pp. 1-6. The church of Marseille also possessed relics of Mary Magdalen and Martha, Lazarus' sisters. Lazarus' own remains were in the Cathedral in 1122, along with relics of Saint Peter, his brother Saint Andrew, and Saint Stephen the Protomartyr: Albanès (1884), p. 42.</ref> Kabiskopan kasebut dimunggahke dadi Kabiskopan Agung ing 31 Januari 1948 déning [[Paus Pius XII]]. [[Suffragan]]-suffragan saka kabiskopan agung kasebut menika: [[Kabiskopan Agung Aix]], [[Kabiskopan Ajaccio]], [[Kabiskopan Agung Avignon]], [[Kabiskopan Digne]], [[Kabiskopan Fréjus-Toulon]], [[Kabiskopan Gap]], lan [[Kabiskopan Nice]].<ref>David M. Cheney, ''Catholic-Hierarchy:'' [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dmarf.html ''Archdiocese of Marseille''.] Retrieved: 2016-08-15.</ref> == Réferènsi == {{Reflist|2}} == Pranala njaba == * {{fr}} Centre national des Archives de l'Église de France, [http://www.eglise.catholique.fr/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/10/Liste_eveques_France_XXe_siecle.pdf ''L’Épiscopat francais depuis 1919''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510104308/http://www.eglise.catholique.fr/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/10/Liste_eveques_France_XXe_siecle.pdf |date=2017-05-10 }}, retrieved: 2016-12-24. * [http://catholique-marseille.cef.fr/ Diocesan website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031225114239/http://catholique-marseille.cef.fr/ |date=2003-12-25 }} * {{CathEncy|wstitle=Marseilles (Massilia)}} {{coord|43|17|12|N|5|22|12|E|source:kolossus-plwiki|display=title}} {{Subject bar |portal1= Katulik |portal2= Prancis}} {{Authority control}} {{Kabiskopan ing Prancis}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Marseilles, Keuskupan Agung}} [[Kategori:Agami ing Marseille]] [[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Prancis]] [[Kategori:Provinsi Grejawi Marseille]] l84n2ti3wbu68ff7n5k3rcyyt1lvu3m 0 186010 1756874 1588040 2026-09-22T11:56:38Z Meursault2004 3 dening → déning 1756874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox diocese | jurisdiction = Kabiskopan<!-- Type of jurisdiction: i.e. Diocese or Archdiocese --> | name = Sora-Cassino-Aquino-Pontecorvo | latin = Dioecesis Sorana-Cassinensis-Aquinatensis-Pontiscurvi | local = <!-- Name in the native language --> | image = Cattedrale di Sora.JPG | image_size = 255px | image_alt = | caption = Katedral [[Sora, Lazio|Sora]] <!---- Locations ----> | country = Itali | metropolitan = | territory = | province = Gumantung marang Tahta Suci | coordinates = <!-- Use {{coord}} --> <!---- Statistics ----> | area_km2 = 2,016 | population = 235,750 (kira-kira) | population_as_of = 2014 | catholics = 232,900 (kira-kira)<!-- Number of Catholics in the diocese --> | catholics_percent = 98.8 | parishes = 144<!-- Number of parishes in the diocese --> | churches = <!-- Number of churches in the diocese --> | congregations = <!-- Number of congregations in the diocese --> | schools = <!-- Number of church supported schools in the diocese --> | members = 381 (2014)<!-- Number of members in the diocese --> <!---- Information ----> | denomination = [[Greja Katulik]] | rite = [[Ritus Roma]] | established = Abad ping 3 | cathedral = Cattedrale di S. Maria Assunta (Sora) | priests = 116 (diosesan)<br />26 (Ordo Relijius)<!-- Number of priests in the diocese --> <!---- Current leadership ----> | pope = {{Incumbent pope}} <!-- DO NOT CHANGE. This will update the Popes Automatically as they change --> | bishop_title = Biskop | bishop = [[Gerardo Antonazzo]] | coadjutor = | auxiliary_bishops = | vicar_general = | emeritus_bishops = [[Luca Brandolini]], C.M. <!---- Map ----> | map = | map_alt = | map_caption = <!---- Website ----> | website = [http://www.diocesisora.it/ www.diocesisora.it] | footnotes = }} '''Kabiskopan Sora-Cassino-Aquino-Pontecorvo''' ({{lang-la|Dioecesis Sorana-Cassiensis-Aquinatensis-Pontiscurvi}}) yaiku [[kabiskopan]] Greja Katulik Roma ing wilayah [[Lazio]] (tengah [[Itali]]).<ref name=CathHierSorCasAqPor>[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dscap.html "Diocese of Sora-Cassino-Aquino-Portecorvino"] ''[[Catholic-Hierarchy.org]]''. David M. Cheney. Retrieved March 27, 2016</ref><ref name=GCathSorCasAqPor>[http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/sora0.htm "Diocese of Sora-Cassino-Aquino-Portecorvino"] ''GCatholic.org''. Gabriel Chow. Retrieved March 27, 2016</ref> Kabiskopan kasebut menika gumantung marang [[Tahta Suci]], dudu bagean saka provinsi grejawi. Biskop Sora-Cassino-Aquino-Pontecorvo saiki menika [[Gerardo Antonazzo]], sing ditahbiske dadi biskop ing 8 April 2013 déning [[Paus Fransiskus]]. == Referensi == {{reflist}} {{coord|41.7167|N|13.6167|E|source:wikidata-and-enwiki-cat-tree_region:IT|display=title}} {{Kabiskopan ing Itali}} {{Katulik-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sora-Cassino-Aquino-Pontecorvo}} [[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Itali]] [[Kategori:Cassino]] [[Kategori:Sora, Lazio]] hq9ldxgrrnf7vi45n7vgu2kg60vv33w 0 186042 1756879 1588119 2026-09-22T11:57:00Z Meursault2004 3 dening → déning 1756879 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox diocese | jurisdiction = Kabiskopan Agung<!-- Type of jurisdiction: i.e. Diocese or Archdiocese --> | name = Saint Paul lan Minneapolis | latin = Archidiocesis Paulopolitana et Minneapolitana | local = <!-- Name in the native language --> | image = Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis.svg | image_size = 175px | image_alt = | caption = Lambang kabiskopan agung <!---- Locations ----> | country = [[Amerika Sarekat]] | territory = | province = Saint Paul lan Minneapolis | coordinates = <!-- Use {{coord}} --> <!---- Statistics ----> | area_sqmi = 6,187 | population = 3,177,207 | population_as_of = 2010 | catholics = 825,000<!-- Number of Catholics in the diocese --> | catholics_percent = 26 | parishes = 188<!-- Number of parishes in the diocese --> | churches = <!-- Number of churches in the diocese --> | congregations = <!-- Number of congregations in the diocese --> | schools = <!-- Number of church supported schools in the diocese --> | members = <!-- Number of members in the diocese --> <!---- Information ----> | denomination = [[Katulik]] | rite = [[Ritus Roma]] | established = 19 Juli 1850 ({{age|1850|7|19}} taun kepungkur) | cathedral = [[Cathedral of Saint Paul in Saint Paul|Cathedral of Saint Paul]] (Saint Paul) | cocathedral = [[Basilica of Saint Mary, Minneapolis|Basilica of Saint Mary]] (Minneapolis) | patron = [[Saint Paul]] | priests = <!-- Number of priests in the diocese --> <!---- Current leadership ----> | pope = {{Incumbent pope}} <!-- DO NOT CHANGE. This will update the Popes Automatically as they change --> | bishop_title = Biskop Agung | bishop = [[Bernard Hebda]] | coadjutor = | auxiliary_bishops = [[Andrew H. Cozzens]] | vicar_general = | emeritus_bishops = [[Harry Joseph Flynn]]<br>[[John Clayton Nienstedt]]<br>[[Lee A. Piché]] <!---- Map ----> | map = Archdiocese of Saint Paul & Minneapolis map 1.jpg | map_alt = | map_caption = <!---- Website ----> | website = [http://www.archspm.org/ www.archspm.org] | footnotes = }} '''Kabiskopan Agung Saint Paul lan Minneapolis''' ({{lang-la|Archidioecesis Paulopolitana et Minneapolitana}}) yaiku [[kabiskopan]] [[Greja Katulik]] ing [[Amerika Sarekat]]. Kabiskopan kasebut dipimpin déning [[biskop agung]] sing ngurusi [[kabiskopan agung]] kasebut saka kutha [[Minneapolis-Saint Paul|Saint Paul lan Minneapolis]]. == Pranala jaba == * [http://www.archspm.org/ Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis Official Site] * [http://www.cathedralsaintpaul.org/ Cathedral of Saint Paul] * [http://www.thecatholicspirit.com/ The Catholic Spirit, the Archdiocese's official newspaper] * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dstpa.html Information and population statistics kept by www.catholic-hierarchy.org (Unofficial)] {{kabiskopan ing Amérika Sarékat}} {{coord|44|56|45|N|93|06|28|W|type:landmark_source:kolossus-plwiki|display=title}} {{Authority control}} [[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Amérika Sarékat|Saint Paul lan Minneapolis]] lldpz0itg39ovydveco4xhj48u6p3c9 0 187170 1756872 1734012 2026-09-22T11:56:30Z Meursault2004 3 dening → déning 1756872 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox diocese | jurisdiction = Kabiskopan Agung<!-- Type of jurisdiction: i.e. Diocese or Archdiocese --> | name = Philadelphia | latin = Archidioecesis Philadelphiensis | local = <!-- Name in the native language --> | coat = Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Philadelphia.svg | coat_size = 175px | coat_alt = | flag = Flag of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Philadelphia.svg | flag_size = 150px | flag_alt = | caption = <!---- Locations ----> | country = [[Amerika Sarekat]] | province = Provinsi Metropolitan Philadelphia | coordinates = <!-- Use {{coord}} --> <!---- Statistics ----> | area_sqmi = 2,183 | population = 4,070,000 | population_as_of = 2013 | catholics = 1,489,000 | catholics_percent = 36.6 | parishes = 257 | churches = <!-- Number of churches in the diocese --> | congregations = <!-- Number of congregations in the diocese --> | schools = <!-- Number of church supported schools in the diocese --> | members = <!-- Number of members in the diocese --> <!---- Information ----> | denomination = [[Katulik Roma]] | rite = [[Ritus Roma]] | established = 8 April 1808 | cathedral = [[Katedral-Basilika Santo Petrus lan Paulus]] | cocathedral = | patron = [[Santo Petrus]] lan [[Santo Paulus]] | priests = 619 <!---- Current leadership ----> | pope = {{Incumbent pope}} | bishop_title = Biskop | bishop = [[Nelson Jesus Perez]] | coadjutor = | auxiliary_bishops = {{ubl|[[Edward Michael Deliman]]|[[Michael Joseph Fitzgerald]]|[[John Joseph McIntyre]]|[[Timothy Christian Senior]]}} | vicar_general = | emeritus_bishops = {{ubl|[[Charles Joseph Chaput]], [[O.F.M. Cap.]]|Kardinal [[Justin Rigali|Justin Francis Rigali]]|[[Robert Patrick Maginnis]]}} <!---- Map ----> | map = Archdiocese of Philadelphia map 1.jpg | map_alt = | map_caption = <!---- Website ----> | website = [http://archphila.org/ archphila.org] | footnotes = }} '''Kabiskopan Agung Philadelphia''' yaiku wilayah grejawi utawa [[kabiskopan]] [[Greja Katulik Roma]] ing kulon kidul [[Pennsylvania]], [[Amerika Sarekat]]. Kabiskopan kasebut didegake déning [[Paus Pius VII]] ing 8 April 1808 == Referensi == {{Reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.archphila.org/ Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Philadelphia Official Site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904074307/http://www.archphila.org/ |date=2011-09-04 }} * [http://www.catholicschools-phl.org/ Office of Catholic Education] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209163244/http://www.catholicschools-phl.org/ |date=2014-12-09 }} * {{CathEncy|title=Archdiocese of Philadelphia|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11793b.htm}} {{Kabiskopan ing Amérika Sarékat}} {{coord|39|57|26|N|75|10|04|W|source:kolossus-plwiki|display=title}} [[Kategori:Organisasi Kristen sing didegaké taun 1808]] [[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Amérika Sarékat|Philadelphia]] m7a9j97o3qm9prq01svrfi114njz5q6 0 187182 1756834 1700104 2026-09-21T12:08:25Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1756834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox diocese | jurisdiction = Kabiskopan Agung<!-- Type of jurisdiction: i.e. Diocese or Archdiocese --> | name = Chicago | latin = Archidioecesis Chicagiensis | local = <!-- Name in the native language --> | image = Archdiocese of Chicago Coat of Arms.svg | image_size = 175px | image_alt = | caption = <!---- Locations ----> | country = [[Amerika Sarekat]] | territory = [[County (Amerika Sarekat)|County]] [[Cook County, Illinois|Cook]] lan [[Lake County, Illinois|Lake]] | province = Chicago | coordinates = <!-- Use {{coord}} --> <!---- Statistics ----> | area_sqmi = 1,411<!-- Area in square miles, automatically converted --> | population = 6,251,000 | population_as_of = 2013 | catholics = 2,228,000<!-- Number of Catholics in the diocese --> | catholics_percent = 37 | parishes = 346<!-- Number of parishes in the diocese --> | churches = <!-- Number of churches in the diocese --> | congregations = <!-- Number of congregations in the diocese --> | schools = 229<!-- Number of church supported schools in the diocese --> | members = <!-- Number of members in the diocese --> <!---- Information ----> | denomination = [[Katulik Roma]] | sui_iuris_church = [[Greja Latin]] | rite = [[Ritus Roma]] | established = 28 November 1843 ({{age|1843|11|28}} taun kepungkur) | cathedral = [[Katedral Jeneng Suci, Chicago|Katedral Jeneng Suci]] | cocathedral = | patron = [[Perawan Tak Bernoda]] | priests = 772<!-- Number of priests in the diocese --> <!---- Current leadership ----> | pope = {{Incumbent pope}} | bishop_title = Biskop Agung | bishop = [[Blase J. Cupich]]<ref name=McElwee>{{cite news|author=Joshua J. McElwee|title=Exclusive: Chicago's new archbishop talks about 'stepping into the unknown'|publisher=[[National Catholic Reporter]]|date=2014-09-21|url=http://ncronline.org/news/people/exclusive-chicagos-new-archbishop-talks-about-stepping-unknown|accessdate=2014-09-22}}</ref> | coadjutor = | auxiliary_bishops = {{ubl|[[Mark Andrew Bartosic]]|[[Robert Gerald Casey]]|[[John Raymond Manz]]|[[Joseph Nathaniel Perry]]|[[Andrew Peter Wypych]]}} | vicar_general = Ronald A. Hicks<ref>{{cite press release| title=Archbishop Blasé J. Cupich announces the appointment of Rev. Ronald Hicks as Vicar General of the Archdiocese of Chicago| url=http://www.archchicago.org/news_releases/news_2014/news_141121.html| publisher=Archdiocese of Chicago| date=November 21, 2014| accessdate=March 3, 2016| archive-date=October 12, 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012170148/http://www.archchicago.org/news_releases/news_2014/news_141121.html| url-status=dead}}</ref> | emeritus_bishops = [[John R. Gorman]]<br> [[Raymond E. Goedert]] <!---- Map ----> | map = Archdiocese of Chicago map 1.png | map_alt = | map_caption = <!---- Website ----> | website = [http://www.archchicago.org/ archchicago.org] | footnotes = }} '''Kabiskopan Agung Chicago''' ({{lang-la|Archidioecesis Chicagiensis}}) didegake minangka kabiskopan ing 1843 lan ditingkatke dadi [[kabiskopan agung]] ing 1880. Kabiskopan agung kasebut ngelayani luwih saka 2.3 uuta umat Katulik ing county [[Cook County|Cook]] lan [[Lake County, Illinois|Lake]], wetan lor [[Illinois]], sing nduweni amba {{convert|1,411| sqmi|sqkm}}. == Referensi == {{Reflist}} == Wacaan tambahan == * Coughlin, Roger J. ''Charitable Care in the Archdiocese of Chicago'' (Chicago: The Catholic Charities, 2009) * Dahm, Charles W. ''Power and Authority in the Catholic Church: Cardinal Cody in Chicago'' (University of Notre Dame Press, 1981) * Faraone, Dominic E. "Urban Rifts and Religious Reciprocity: Chicago and the Catholic Church, 1965-1996." (2013, PhD, Marquette University); Bibliography pages 359-86. [http://epublications.marquette.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1253&context=dissertations_mu online] * Garrathan, Gilbert J. ''The Catholic Church in Chicago, 1673-1871'' (Loyola University Press, 1921) * Greeley, Andrew M. ''Chicago Catholics and the struggles within their Church'' (Transaction Publishers, 2011) * Hoy, Suellen. ''Good Hearts: Catholic Sisters in Chicago’s Past'' (University of Illinois Press, 2006) * Kantowicz, Edward R. ''Corporation Sole: Cardinal Mundelein and Chicago Catholicism'' (University of Notre Dame Press, 1983) * Kantowicz, Edward R. ''The Archdiocese of Chicago: A Journey of Faith'' (Ireland: Booklink, 2006) * Kelliher, Thomas G. ''Hispanic Catholics and the Archidiocese of Chicago, 1923-1970'' (PhD Diss. UMI, Dissertation Services, 1998) * Kennedy, Eugene. ''This Man Bernardin'' (Loyola U. Press, 1996) * Koenig, Rev. Msgr. Harry C., S.T.D., ed. ''Caritas Christi Urget Nos: A History of the Offices, Agencies, and Institutions of the Archdiocese of Chicago'' (2 vols. Catholic Bishop of Chicago, 1981) * Koenig, Rev. Msgr. Harry C., S.T.D., ed. ''A History of the Parishes of the Archdiocese of Chicago.'' (2 vols. Catholic Bishop of Chicago, 1980) * McMahon, Eileen M. ''What Parish Are You From?: A Chicago Irish Community and Race Relations'' (University Press of Kentucky, 1995) * Neary, Timothy B. "Black-Belt Catholic Space: African-American Parishes in Interwar Chicago." ''US Catholic Historian'' (2000): 76-91. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/25154746 in JSTOR] * Parot, Joseph John. ''Polish Catholics in Chicago: 1850-1920: a Religious History'' (Northern Illinois University Press, 1981.) * Reiff, Janice L. et al., eds. ''The Encyclopedia of Chicago'' (University of Chicago Press, 2004) [http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/ online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140617205553/http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/ |date=2014-06-17 }} * Sanders, James W. ''The education of an urban minority: Catholics in Chicago, 1833-1965'' (Oxford University Press, 1977) * Shanabruch, Charles. ''Chicago's Catholics: The evolution of an American identity'' (Univ of Notre Dame Press, 1981) * Skerrett, Ellen. "The Catholic Dimension.” in Lawrence J. McCaffrey et al. eds. ''The Irish in Chicago'' (University of Illinois Press, 1987) * Skerrett, Ellen. ''Chicago’s Neighborhoods and the Eclipse of Sacred Space'' (University of Notre Dame Press, 1994) * Skerrett, Ellen. et al. eds., ''Catholicism, Chicago Style'' (Loyola University Press, 1993) * Skok, Deborah A. ''More Than Neighbors: Catholic Settlements and Day Nurseries in Chicago, 1893-1930'' (Northern Illinois University Press, 2007) * Wall, A.E.P. ''The Spirit of Cardinal Bernardin'' (Chicago: Thomas More Press, 1983) == Pranala njaba == {{commons category|Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago}} * [http://www.archchicago.org/ Situs Resmi Keuskupan Agung Chicago] * {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.archdiocese-chgo.org/ |date=* |title=Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago }} {{Kabiskopan ing Amérika Sarékat}} {{coord|41.8960|N|87.6277|W|source:wikidata|display=title}} [[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Amérika Sarékat|Chicago]] f7prdlbrn40xqog1tk330vw7ck2ao6j 0 188465 1756881 1700188 2026-09-22T11:57:10Z Meursault2004 3 dening → déning 1756881 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox diocese |jurisdiction = Kabiskopan |name = Ocaña |latin = Dioecesis Ocaniensis |image = Escudo de la Diócesis de Ocaña.svg |image_size = 150px |country = [[Kolombia]] |province = [[Kabiskopan Agung Nueva Pamplona|Nueva Pamplona]] |rite = [[Ritus Roma]] |established = 26 Oktober 1962 ({{age|1962|10|26}} taun kepungkur) |cathedral = [[Katedral Santa Anna, Ocaña]] |cocathedral = |area_km2 = 18,000 |population = 417,514 |population_as_of = 2004 |catholics = 352,137 |catholics_percent= 84.3 |pope = {{Incumbent pope}} |bishop = [[Gabriel Ángel Villa Vahos]] |coadjutor = |auxiliary_bishops= |emeritus_bishops = [[Jorge Enrique Lozano Zafra]] |map = Mapa Diocesis de Ocaña.svg |website = }} '''Kabiskopan Ocaña''' ({{lang-la|Ocaniensis}}) yaiku [[kabiskopan]] sing ana ing kutha [[Ocaña, Norte de Santander|Ocaña]], [[provinsi grejawi]] [[Kabiskopan Agung Nueva Pamplona|Nueva Pamplona]], [[Kolombia]]. Kabiskopan kasebut didegake ing 26 Oktober 1962 déning [[Paus Yohanes XXIII]], kalebu departemen [[Norte de Santander]] lan [[Cesar colombia|Cesar]]. == Sumber == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/ocan0.htm GCatholic.org] {{Kabiskopan ing Kolombia |state=collapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ocana}} [[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Kolombia]] [[Kategori:Ocaña, Norte de Santander]] 7yaeq9z7zbqu2o61k1kyiykm6al2sog 0 189169 1756870 1593793 2026-09-22T11:56:23Z Meursault2004 3 dening → déning 1756870 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kabiskopan Agung Dar-es-Salaam''' ({{lang-la|Archidioecesis Daressalaamensis}}) yaiku [[kabiskopan agung]] Metropolitan Latin [[Greja Katulik Roma]] ing [[Tanzania]]. [[Barkas:Metropolitan Cathedral Dar es Salaam.jpg|jmpl|Katedral Santo Yusuf]] [[Greja induk]] kabiskopan agung kasebut lan kursi biskop agunge menika [[Katedral Santo Yusuf, Dar es Salaam|Katedral Santo Yusuf]]. Biskop agung Dar-es-Salaam saiki menika Kardinal [[Polycarp Pengo]], sing dimunggahke déning [[Paus Yohanes Paulus II]] ing 22 Juli 1992. == Sajarah == * Didegake minangka '''[[prefek apostolik|Prefektur Apostolik]] Zanguebar Kidul''' déning [[Paus Leo XIII]] ing 16 November 1887, ing kawasan sing diparo saka [[Vikariat Apostolik Zanguebar]]. * Dimunggahke dadi '''[[vikariat apostolik|Vikariat Apostolik]] Zanguebar Kidul''' ing 15 September 1902. Ganti jeneng déning [[Paus Pius X]] dadi '''Vikariat Apostolik Dar-es-Salaam''' ing 10 Agustus 1906. * Kelangan wilayah ing 1913.11.12 kanggo pangadegan [[Prefektur Apostolik Lindi]] lan maneh ing 1922.03.03 kanggo pangadegan [[Prefektur Apostolik Iringa]] * Dimunggahke dadi [[biskop metropolitan|Kabiskopan Agung Metropolitan]] déning [[Paus Pius XII]] ing 25 Maret 1953 * Kelangan wilayah ing 1964.04.21: kanggo pangadegan [[Kabiskopan Mahenge]] lan maneh ing 1964.12.12 kanggo pangadegan [[Administrasi Apostolik Zanzibar lan Pemba]] (saiki [[Kabiskopan Zanzibar]], kalorone menika suffragane * Dikunjungi déning [[Paus Yohanes Paulus II]] ing September 1990. == Provinsi == [[Provinsi grejawi]]-ne kalebu kabiskopan Metropolitan-ne iku dhewe lan kabiskopan-kabiskopan suffragan-ne ing ngisor iki: * [[Kabiskopan Mahenge]] * [[Kabiskopan Ifakara]] * [[Kabiskopan Morogoro]] * [[Kabiskopan Tanga]] * [[Kabiskopan Zanzibar]] == Pranala jaba == {{Wikisource1913CatholicEnc|Zanzibar|Apostolic Vicariate of Dar-es-Salaam}} * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/ddare.html Catholic-Hierarchy] * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/dare0.htm GCatholic.org, with incumbent biography links] {{Kabiskopan ing Tanzania}} {{coord|6.8000|S|39.2833|E|source:wikidata-and-enwiki-cat-tree_region:TZ|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dar-es-Salaam, Kabiskopan Agung}} [[Kategori:Dar es Salaam]] [[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Tanzania]] a4v4jv65swcw7yl9qxsqvjkd3uuwmn1 0 192448 1756864 1722790 2026-09-22T08:50:33Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1756864 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox station | name = Setatsiyun Rittō | native_name = 栗東駅 | native_name_lang = ja | type = | image = JR Ritto Station Front View.jpg | alt = | caption = Gedung Setatsiyun Ritt, Oktober 2006 | other_name = | address = 2-3 Heso, Rittō-shi, Shiga-ken 520-3031 | country = Jepang | coordinates = {{coord|35.0374|N|135.9800|E|type:railwaystation_region:JP|display=inline, title}} | operator = {{rint|jp|jrw}} [[JR West]] | line = [[File:JRW kinki-A.svg|18px]] [[Jalur Biwako]] | distance =43.2&nbsp;km saka {{STN|Maibara}} | platforms = 2 peron sisi | connections = | structure = | code = JR-A23 | zone = | website = {{Official|1=https://www.jr-odekake.net/eki/top?id=0610148}} | opened =16 Maret 1991 | closed = | former = | passengers =11,976 per dina | pass_year = FY2019 | map_type = Japan Shiga Prefecture#Japan | map_dot_label = Setatsiyun Rittō | services = }} {{nihongo|'''Setatsiyun Rittō'''|栗東駅|Rittō-eki|}} yaiku setatsiyun sepur ing [[Jalur Utami Kansai]] sing digarap déning [[West Japan Railway Company]] (JR-West) ing [[Minamiyamashiro, Kyoto]], Jepang. Setatsiyun kasebut didegaké ing 28 Dhèsèmber 1951.<ref name="Shiga2019stats">{{cite web|url= https://www.pref.shiga.lg.jp/file/attachment/5235686.pdf|script-title= ja:令和元年滋賀県統計書|trans-title= Shiga Prefecuture Statistics (Reiwa 1st Year Edition)|year= 2020|publisher= Shiga Prefecture|location= Japan|language= Japanese|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20230314205646/https://www.pref.shiga.lg.jp/file/attachment/5235686.pdf|archivedate= 14 March 2023|accessdate= 11 August 2021|url-status= dead}}</ref> ==Réferènsi== {{Reflist}} ==Pranala njaba== {{Commons category-inline}} *[https://www.jr-odekake.net/eki/top?id=0610148 JR West official home page] {{DEFAULTSORT:Setatsiyun Ritto}} {{Jepang-setatsiyun-stub}} [[Category:Setatsiyun sepur ing Prefektur Shiga]] na43vwqsi1yvdjvpjl2s8b6myinblnj 0 193912 1756865 1667545 2026-09-22T10:48:41Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1756865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{artikel ing krama}} '''Suran Tutup Ngisor''' inggih punika upacara adat ingkang asalipun saking Dhusun Tutup Ngisor, [[Sumber, Dhukun, Magelang|Désa Sumber]], [[Dhukun, Magelang|Kacamatan Dhukun]], [[Kabupatèn Magelang]]. Upacara punika katindakaken nalika malem kaping 13–15 wulan [[Sura]], manut [[pananggalan Jawa|pananggalan Jawi]]. Ing tigang malem Suran Tutup Ngisor dipun wontenaken pagelaran kagunan minangka laku donganipun.{{sfn|Aswoyo|2014|p=44}} Ancasipun dipun wontenaken upacara Suran Tutup Ngisor inggih punika kanggé mèngeti ambal warsa padhépokan Tjipta Boedaja ingkang dipun pandhégani déning Rama Yoso Soedarmo saha kanggé acara donga dhumateng Gusti Ingkang Maha Kuwaos.<ref name="wbtb">{{Cite web|url=https://warisanbudaya.kemdikbud.go.id/?newdetail&detailTetap=1186|title=Suran Tutup Ngisor Kabupaten Magelang|website=Warisan Budaya Takbenda Indonesia|access-date=28 Fèbruari 2023|archive-date=2023-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228062113/https://warisanbudaya.kemdikbud.go.id/?newdetail&detailTetap=1186|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{sfn|Aswoyo|2014|p=51}} == Sajarah == Suran Tutup Ngisor dipun wiwiti déning Rama Yoso Soedarmo nalika warsa 1937. Yoso Soedarmo naté dados abdi dalem kaliyan nyinaoni beksan ing Pura [[Mangkunagaran]] saha saking Ndara Panji Tukiman ing Gamping, [[Kasultanan Ngayogyakarta|Ngayogyakarta]]. Sasampunipun kagungan kawruh babagan beksan, piyambakipun ngadegaken padhépokan Tjipta Boedaja ingkang kagiyatanipun arupi pagelaran [[ringgit tiyang]], [[macapat|macapatan]], kaliyan [[pencak silat]]. Kathah tiyang-tiyang saking saubenging Dhusun Tutup Ngisor kaliyan njawi kitha ingkang mara péngin sinau ing padhépokan punika nalika upacara Suranan. Dumugi sapunika, ingkang ngurusi, mbeksa, kaliyan pangrawit Suran Tutup Ngisor inggih punika kulawarganipun Yoso Soedarmo. Sasanèsipun wulan Sura, pagelaran gamelan kaliyan ringgit saking Tjipta Boedaja kagelar nalika dinten kamardikan [[Indonésia|Républik Indonésia]], wulan [[Mulud]], riyaya [[Idul Fitri]], kaliyan saben malem Jumuwah.{{sfn|Aswoyo|2014|p=48 lan 51}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.magelangkab.go.id/home/detail/padepokan-seni-tjipta-boedaja-gelar-ritual-suran-tumuruning-wahyu-kasuburan/1093|title=Padepokan Seni Tjipta Boedaja Gelar Ritual Suran Umuruning Wahyu Kasuburan|website=Pemerintah Kabupaten Magelang|access-date=28 Fèbruari 2023|archive-date=2023-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228160021/https://www.magelangkab.go.id/home/detail/padepokan-seni-tjipta-boedaja-gelar-ritual-suran-tumuruning-wahyu-kasuburan/1093|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Reroncèning upacara == Upacara adat Suran Tutup Ngisor dipun leksanakaken dangunipun tigang dinten tigang wengi ing surya kaping 13–15 wulan [[Sura]].<ref name="wbtb" /> === Tanggal 13 Sura === Nalika jam 19.00, kulawarga Yoso Soedarmo miwiti acaranipun kanthi [[uyon-uyon]] ing plataran candhi utawi makam Yoso Soedarmo. Uyon-uyon punika dipun tindakaken kanggé sarana laku [[donga]] dhumateng Gusti Ingkang Maha Kuwaos supados kasalahaning swargi Yoso Soedarmo dipun apunteni saha nyuwun tulung dipun lancaraken upacara Suranipun.<ref name="wbtb" />{{sfn|Aswoyo|2014|p=50}} === Tanggal 14 Sura === Nalika jam 13.00–14.00, bebrayan ing Dhusun Tutup Ngisor, mliginipun tiyang jaler ngawontenaken [[Surat Yaasiin|Yasinan]] ing salah satunggal griyanipun warga. Nuli jam 14.00–15.00, dipun wontenaken [[kenduri|kendurèn]] kanthi [[sesajèn|sajèn]] ingkang dumados saking ingkung, [[tumpeng]] rasul, tumpeng golong, tumpeng uruping damar, tumpeng robyong, tumpeng wenang, tumpeng punar, [[sega liwet|sekul liwet]] slamet, sekul takiran, jenang abrit, jenang pethak, [[jajan pasar|jajan peken]], kaliyan [[woh|woh-wohan]]. Ingkang kendurèn sanès bebrayan saking Dhusun Tutup Ngisor, nanging tiyang-tiyang plesiran saking [[Indonésia]] punapa déné manca kaliyan para [[wartawan]]. Bab punika amergi sekul kendurènipun pancèn dipun suguhaken dhumateng para rawuh saking njawi dhusun ingkang numuti upacara Suran punika, satemah para warga namung ngawontenaken Yasinan kémawon.<ref name="wbtb" /> === Tanggal 15 Sura === Nalika jam 21.00,{{sfn|Aswoyo|2014|p=50}} kawedalaken beksan Kembar Mayang kaliyan pagelaran [[ringgit tiyang]] mawi lakon Lumbung Tugu Emas. Beksan Kembar Mayang inggih punika beksan sakral ingkang bineksa déning putri-putri kulawarga Yoso Soedarmo ingkang ngewrat cariyos widadari saking kahyangan ingkang nglipur kadang tani amrih langkung kiyat pagesanganipun ing celak [[Gunung Merapi|Redi Merapi]]. Pasaratan kanggé mbeksa Kembar Mayang inggih punika badanipun kedah suci utawi boten pas. Pagelaran ringgit tiyang mawi lakon Lumbung Tugu Emas dipun wedalaken kanggé wujud sukur dhumateng [[Sri|Dèwi Sri]] ingkang sampun njagi kasuburan tanah-tanah celak Redi Merapi. Isi ringgit tiyang punika ugi wonten wejangan ingkang mligi kanggé katurunanipun Yoso Soedarmo kémawon, ingkang ''[[speaker]]''-ipun bakal dipun patèni nalika ngandharaken wejanganipun.<ref name="wbtb" />{{sfn|Aswoyo|2014|p=53}} == Rujukan == === Cathetan suku === {{Reflist}} === Kapustakan === * {{Cite journal|last=Aswoyo|first=Joko|date=2014|title=Upacara Ritual Suran Sebagai Sarana Pelestarian Kesenian di Dusun Tutup Ngisor, Desa Sumber, Kecamatan Dukun, Kabupaten Magelang|url=https://jurnal.isi-ska.ac.id/index.php/acintya/article/view/189|journal=Acintya|language=|volume=6|issue=1|doi=10.33153/acy.v6i1.189|issn=2655-5247}} [[Kategori:Budaya Jawa]] [[Kategori:Warisan budaya dudu barang Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Kabupatèn Magelang]] [[Kategori:WikiPusaka]] 1w91ldxdsz27f2uz7oxhb7dvkoy1tzz 0 195117 1756845 1705677 2026-09-21T21:41:58Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1756845 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox museum|name=Museum Samudra Raksa|image=Samudra Raksa Borobudur Ship.jpg|caption=Rekonstruksi Kapal Borobudur sebagai pameran utama dalam Museum Samudra Raksa|imagesize=200px|established=2005|dissolved=|location=[[Borobudur]], [[Magelang]], [[Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonesia]]|type=[[Museum maritim]], [[Museum arkeologi]]|visitors=|director=|curator=|publictransit=|website=[http://www.borobudurpark.co.id/en/borobudur-temple-menu/the-cinnamon-route.html The Cinnamon Route]}} '''Musiyum Kapal Samudraraksa''' inggih punika salah suwijining [[Musiyum Bahari|musiyum bahari]] ingkang dumunung mung sawetara atus mèter ing sisih lor Candhi [[Barabudhur|Borobudur]], tesih wonten ing tlatah Taman Arkéologi Borobudur, Magelang, [[Jawa Tengah]], [[Indhonésia|Indonésia]] .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Museum+Kapal+Samudraraksa/@-7.6046522,110.2008379,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x2e7a85efe1a08c47:0x9ab8a616125d1945!8m2!3d-7.6046522!4d110.2034128!16s%2Fg%2F11bc7s6zvk?entry=tts&hl=en|title=Museum Kapal Samudraraksa · 96W3+49M, Taman Wisata Candi Borobudur, Jl. Badrawati, Borobudur, Kw. Candi Borobudur, Borobudur, Kec. Borobudur, Kabupaten Magelang, Jawa Tengah 56553, Indonesia|website=Museum Kapal Samudraraksa · 96W3+49M, Taman Wisata Candi Borobudur, Jl. Badrawati, Borobudur, Kw. Candi Borobudur, Borobudur, Kec. Borobudur, Kabupaten Magelang, Jawa Tengah 56553, Indonesia|language=en|access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref> Musiyum puniki nampilake rute perdagangan maritim antarane Indonesia kuno, [[Madhagaskar|Madagaskar]] lan pesisir [[Afrika]] Timur, ingkang misuwur kanthi julukan "Rute Kawoodanis".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://travel.detik.com/domestic-destination/d-5880074/museum-kapal-samudra-raksa-di-borobudur-napak-tilas-jalur-kayu-manis|title=Museum Kapal Samudra Raksa di Borobudur, Napak Tilas Jalur Kayu Manis|last=Susanto|first=Eko|website=detikTravel|language=id|access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref> Koleksi utama pameran museum puniki inggih punika rekonstruksi ukuran nyata saking Kapal Borobudur ingkang ngliwati [[Samodra Indhi|Samudra Hindia]] saking [[Jakarta]] menyang [[Accra]], [[Ghana]] ing taun 2003-2004.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jateng.solopos.com/melihat-kedigdayaan-maritim-indonesia-di-museum-kapal-samudra-raksa-magelang-1641694|title=Melihat Kedigdayaan Maritim Indonesia di Museum Kapal Samudra Raksa Magelang|last=Anggraini|first=Novi Tyas|date=2023-05-28WIB11:48:16+00:00|website=Solopos.com|language=id|access-date=2023-10-14}}{{Pranala mati|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Barkas:Museum_Kapal_Samudraraksa.jpg|jmpl|262x262px| Pemandangan ngarep Museum Kapal Samudraraksa]] Musiyum Kapal Samudraraksa dipunresmikaken dening Menteri Koordinator Bidang Kesejahteraan Rakyat Republik Indonesia, Prof Dr. Alwi Shihab tanggal 31 Agustus 2005. Penghargaan saha apresiasi ingkang pantes kangge awak kapal lan sedaya pihak ingkang sampun kerjo bareng-bareng nyengkuyung Ekspedisi Kapal Borobudur. Musiyum Kapal Samudraraksa uga dumunung ing sajeroning komplek taman [[Arkéologi|arkeologi]] Borobudur, ing sacedhake Musiyum Kapal Samudraraksa wonten Museum Borobudur ingkang nampilake foto-foto [[relief]] Karmawibhanga ingkang dipunukir ing sikile Borobudur ingkang dipundhelikake, ingkang sainki dipuntutup, uga watu candhi Borobudur lan macem-macem [[Artéfak|artefak]] arkeologi lintune ingkang dipuntemokake wonten ing sekitar Borobudur.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/108468/museum-kapal-di-candi-borobudur|title=Museum Kapal di Candi Borobudur|last=Liputan6.com|date=2005-09-03|website=liputan6.com|language=id|access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.magelangkab.go.id/home/detail/wahana-menarik-sinema-interaktif-museum-samudraraksa-candi-borobudur/2273|title=Kabupaten Magelang|website=www.magelangkab.go.id|access-date=2023-10-14|archive-date=2025-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250430164304/https://www.magelangkab.go.id/home/detail/wahana-menarik-sinema-interaktif-museum-samudraraksa-candi-borobudur/2273|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Referensi == <references /> * {{Cite web|url=http://www.borobudurshipexpedition.com/index.htm|title=Borobudur Ship Expedition|year=2005|publisher=Borobudur Ship Expedition|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030217031728/http://www.borobudurshipexpedition.com/index.htm|archive-date=2003-02-17|dead-url=yes|access-date=2011-10-24}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.borobudurpark.co.id/en/borobudur-temple-menu/the-cinnamon-route.html|title=The Cinnamon Route|year=2011|publisher=Borobudur Park|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100925152758/http://www.borobudurpark.co.id/en/borobudur-temple-menu/the-cinnamon-route.html|archive-date=2010-09-25|dead-url=yes|access-date=2011-10-24}} [[Kategori:Papan wisata ing Jawa Tengah]] [[Kategori:WikiPlesir]] snks056hhirfnc4zjc798cytxh8zzt2 0 197140 1756841 1737923 2026-09-21T19:13:23Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1756841 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|1985 American television series}} {{about|sérial taun 1985 |reboot 2016 sérial sing padha|MacGyver (sérial TV 2016){{!}}''MacGyver'' (sérial TV 2016)|pagunan liya|MacGyver (dhisambiguasi)}} {{Infobox television | image = MacGyver.svg | genre = {{ubl|Aksi |pangumbaran / lelana | spion / mata-mata}} | creator = [[Lee David Zlotoff]] | starring = {{ubl|[[Richard Dean Anderson]]|[[Dana Elcar]]}} | narrated = Richard Dean Anderson | theme_music_composer = [[Randy Edelman]] | country = Amérika Sarékat | language = Basa Inggris | num_seasons = 7 | num_episodes = 139 {{small|+ 2 film TV}} | list_episodes = List of MacGyver (1985 TV series) episodes | executive_producer = {{ubl|[[Henry Winkler]]|[[John Rich (director)|John Rich]]}} | location = {{ubl|California, Amérika Sarékat |[[Vancouver]] and [[Burnaby]], British Columbia, Kanadha}} | runtime = 45–48 menit | company = {{ubl|Henry Winkler-John Rich Productions|[[Paramount Television (original)|Paramount Network Television]]<ref name="macgyverabc">"MacGyver (ABC...Richard Dean Anderson, Dana Elcar)". Memorable TV. 24 January 2017. http://www.memorabletv.com/tv/macgyver-abc-1985-1992/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106191812/https://www.memorabletv.com/tv/macgyver-abc-1985-1992/ |date=November 6, 2018 }}</ref>}} | network = [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]<ref name="macgyverabc"/> | first_aired = 29 Mèi 1985 | last_aired = 21 Mèi 1992 | related = [[MacGyver (sérial TV 2016)|''MacGyver'' (sérial 2016)]] (2016–2021) }} '''MacGyver''' iku sérial TV Amérika Sarékat wetonan taun 1985. MacGyver iku sawijining sérial ing genre aksi-lelana besutané Lee David Zlotoff lan dimainaké déning [[Richard Dean Anderson]]. Henry Winkler lan John Rich sing dadi sutradara èksekutifé. Sérial iki ngenani lelanané [[Angus MacGyver]], dhèwèké spion sing akalé akèh banget kanggo golèk solusi menawa ana masalah. Solusiné nganggo barang-barang sing ana ing cedhaké. MacGyver ditayangaké kapisan ing tanggal 18 Agustus 1989 ing Indonésia déning [[RCTI]].<ref> https://www.inews.id/lifestyle/film/5-film-barat-yang-pertama-kali-diputar-di-awal-berdirinya-rcti-manakah-yang-pernah-anda-tonton</ref> Salawasé sérial iki tayang saka taun 1985-1992 lan 1994 ana 139 épisodhe lan rong film TV. Sérial olèhé syuting ana ing Los Angeles nalika mangsa siji, loro, lan pitu, kamangka mangsa telu tekan enem ing Vancouver. Épisodhe pungkasan acara iki ditayangaké ing tanggal 25 April 1992, ing kanal ABC. Nanging sawisé iku ABC isih nayangaké épisodhe siji manèh ing tanggal 21 Mèi 1992. Sajatiné karepé épisodhe iki ditayangaké luwih dhisik, sadurungé épisodhe final. Sérial iki suksès banget lan akèh sing nggandrungi lan loyal. Sérial iki dadi populèr ing Amérika Sarékat lan saindenging donya, kalebu Indhonésia. Rong film TV asesirah ''Lost Treasure of Atlantis'' and ''Trail to Doomsday'' ditayangaké ing ABC taun 1994. Ing taun 2003 direncanakaké anané sérial sempalan (''spin off'') asesirah Young MacGyver, nanging namung épisodhe pilot waé sing digawé. Saliyané iku akèh waralaba sing digawé kaya ta dolanan komputer, dolanan médhia cithak, lan sérial original audhio. Banjur uga ana sérial balèn (''reboot'') sing ditayangaké ing CBS saka taun 2016 nganti 2021. CBS saiki ndarbèni hak sérial asli sawisé ngakuisisi Paramount Television. == Alur crita == Acara iki nuduhaké critané sang spion Angus MacGyver, sing diparagakaké déning Richard Dean Anderson, sing nyambut gawé minangka troubleshooter kanggo yayasan fiksi Phoenix Foundation ing Los Angeles lan uga minangka spion kanggo agènsi fiksi Amérika Sarékat ''Department of External Services'' (DXS) utawa Dhèpartemèn Dhines Nagara Ngamanca. Dhèwèké kuliah minangka ngèlmuwan fisika ing Western Tech ("Hell Week"), banjur MacGyver dhines ing Angkatan Dharat AS bagéan teknikus bom nalika Perang Viètnam ("Countdown"). Déné akalé akèh lan dhèwèké ndarbèni kawruh ènsiklopèdhis ngenani sains fisika, dadi dhèwèké bisa golèk solusi mecahaké masalah komplèks mawa nganggo barang-barang sadina-dina karo lading bala Swis sing mesthi dikanthongi, lakban, lan kadhangkala korèk geni. Dhèwèké luwih milih solusi tanpa gaman geni. Awit nalika cilik ana kancané umur 12 taun ora sengaja katémbak nganti mati. Katrampilané sing paling jos iku olèhé bisa nrapaké kawruh sainsé lan olèhé nduwé akal cara ngréka barang-barang padinan minangka solusi masalah angèl. Solusi pinter gagasané MacGyver marang masalah sing katoné ora ana solusiné, kerepé ing kahanan antara urip lan mati lan MacGyver kudu nemu solusiné in wektu sawetara menit, iku dadi daya tariké acara TV iki. Perkara iki nggawé para pamirsa umum padha nggandrungi sains terapan, kalebu ngèlmu insinyur, saliyané tentuné nggawé crita sing menarik.<ref>{{cite journal|journal= Design News|page= 50|author= Design News Staff|date =December 18, 2001|title= Engineers making a difference; Five engineers find the time to teach kids that engineering is cool}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Curtis |first=Tim |date=2015-02-26 |title='Next MacGyver' aims to attract female engineers |pages=5 |work=The Star-Democrat |agency=Capital News Service |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123353103/next-macgyver-aims-to-attract-female/ |access-date=2023-04-22 |via=Newspapers.com |archive-date=April 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422232350/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123353103/next-macgyver-aims-to-attract-female/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Kabèh kalakoné MacGyver ing acara iki dipriksa dhisik déning para pakar lan ngèlmuwan supaya njamin menawa kabèh iku ndarbèni dhasar ngèlmiah.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Michals |first=Bob |date=1985-12-15 |title=MacGyver: TV's Unsung Hero |pages=221 |work=The Palm Beach Post |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123354140/macgyver-tvs-unsung-hero-pg1/ |access-date=2023-04-22 |via=Newspapers.com |archive-date=April 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422235327/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123354140/macgyver-tvs-unsung-hero-pg1/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ing sawetara kasus nalika MacGyver nganggo bahan kimia sadina-dina kanggo ngracik racun, bahan bledhosan, utawa barang liya sing dianggep mbebayani, menawa dicritakaké rinci, dhétailé ana sing diowahi utawa utawa digawé gamang utawa bahan wigati ora dicritakaké utawa ana langkah sing dibusak, supaya ora ditiru pamirsa.<ref name=britton /> Acara iki kadhangkala ngomongaké masalah-masalah sosial,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hughes |first=Mike |date=1990-11-12 |title=MacGyver explores new territory |pages=18 |work=Press and Sun-Bulletin |agency=Gannett News Service |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123354696/macgyver-explores-new-territory/ |access-date=2023-04-22 |via=Newspapers.com |archive-date=April 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423001725/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123354696/macgyver-explores-new-territory/ |url-status=live }}</ref> nanging luwih kerep ing mangsa 4 nganti 7. Ing mangsa 1 nganti 3 acara iki luwih akèh nyritakaké olèhé MacGyver nyambut gawé kanggo Yayasan Phoenix Foundation utawa pamaréntahé Amérika Sarékat. == Pratélan épisodhe == <onlyinclude>{{Series overview | seasonT = Mangsa | color1 = #893f1c | link1 = List of MacGyver (1985 TV series) episodes#Season 1 (1985–86) | linkT1 = 1 | episodes1 = 22 | start1 = {{Start date|1985|9|29}} | end1 = {{End date|1986|5|7}} | color2 = #016073 | link2 = List of MacGyver (1985 TV series) episodes#Season 2 (1986–87) | linkT2 = 2 | episodes2 = 22 | start2 = {{Start date|1986|9|22}} | end2 = {{End date|1987|5|4}} | color3 = #3D6137 | link3 = List of MacGyver (1985 TV series) episodes#Season 3 (1987–88) | linkT3 = 3 | episodes3 = 20 | start3 = {{Start date|1987|9|21}} | end3 = {{End date|1988|5|9}} | color4 = #AE0207 | link4 = List of MacGyver (1985 TV series) episodes#Season 4 (1988–89) | linkT4 = 4 | episodes4 = 19 | start4 = {{Start date|1988|10|31}} | end4 = {{End date|1989|5|15}} | color5 = #1a4b74 | link5 = List of MacGyver (1985 TV series) episodes#Season 5 (1989–90) | linkT5 = 5 | episodes5 = 21 | start5 = {{Start date|1989|9|18}} | end5 = {{End date|1990|4|30}} | color6 = #515761 | link6 = List of MacGyver (1985 TV series) episodes#Season 6 (1990–91) | linkT6 = 6 | episodes6 = 21 | start6 = {{Start date|1990|9|17}} | end6 = {{End date|1991|5|6}} | color7 = #49387c | link7 = List of MacGyver (1985 TV series) episodes#Season 7 (1991–92) | linkT7 = 7 | episodes7 = 14 | start7 = {{Start date|1991|9|16}} | end7 = {{End date|1992|5|21}} | color8S = #08615D | link8S = List of MacGyver (1985 TV series) episodes#TV films (1994) | linkT8S = Film TV | episodes8S = 2 | start8S = {{Start date|1994|5|14}} | end8S = {{End date|1994|11|24}} }}</onlyinclude> Sawetara épisodhe, kalebu épisodhe pilot utawa épisodhe kapisan diwiwiti pambuka atis arané (cold opening), dadi MacGyver wis ana ing sawijiné misi. MacGyver kerep nyritakaké crita saka nalika enom sing ana gandhèngané karo kahanané saiki. Kahanané iki bisa agé dipungkasi lan crita utama diwiwiti sawisé pratélan para paraga lan prodhuser dituduhaké. Pambuka kaya mangkéné, kayadéné pambuka catur, luwih kerep ana ing épisodhe-épisodhe awal. Bagéan iki biasané sing nulis lan sutradarané séjé karo sutradarané bagéan utama. Sawisé iku, crita utama biasané dimainaké adhedasar struktur telung bagéan. Ing akèh épisodhe, adhegan pambuka kerepé diwiwiti sawisé pratélan para paraga lan prodhuser dituduhaké lan kerep ora ana MacGyveré ing sawijiné misi, nanging ana ing kahanan sing mrelokaké patuwuhing karakter. Mèmper adhegan 'pambuka catur', pambuka kaya mengkéné iki kerep ora ana gandhèngané karo crita utama. == Para paraga == [[File:Richard-dean-anderson-c1985 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Richard Dean Anderson nalika syuting MacGyver musim 3, wungkasané épisodhe 3 "Back from the Dead", sakiwatengené taun 1987]] * [[Richard Dean Anderson]] minangka [[Angus Macgyver]]. MacGyver iku sepion sing menawa bisa ora nggawa utawa nganggo gaman geni, amarga nalika cilik ana prastawa ngenani péstol sing marai kancané ketémbak mati.<ref name="brothers">{{cite episode| title=Brothers | series=MacGyver | network = American Broadcasting Company | season = 4 | number = 2}}</ref> Senadyan mengkono dhèwèké gelem nganggo gaman geni menawa ana, ya ondherdilé utawa péloré ing cara ora standar. Dhèwèké uga tau nganggo péstol minangka kunci Inggris. Kejaba ana telung kasus nalika dhèwèké nganggo gaman api minangka senjata, ya iku ing épisodhe kapisan, MacGyver katon némbak bedhil AK-47 sajeroné misi ing adhegan ‘pambuka catur,’ (menit 7:51 sajeroné episodhe); dhèwèké ngancem para wong culik nganggo bedhil ing adhegan pambuka épisodhe 10 mangsa pisan;<ref name="TargetMacGyver">{{cite episode| title=Target MacGyver | series= MacGyver | network = American Broadcasting Company | season = 1 | number = 10}}</ref> lan dhèwèké uga nganggo bedhil ing film TV ''Trail to Doomsday''. MacGyver kerep samar marang motivasi sawetara militèr bagéan pamaréntah AS sing seneng solusi kekerasan, dhèwèké nganggep Yayasan Phoenix Foundation sing ana ing Los Angeles lan ngwèhi awaké gawéan, minangka alternatif marang panegakan kukum sing luwih konvènsional (lan keras).<ref name="macgyverbook">{{cite book |author=Pieter Jacobus Fourie |title=Media Studies: Content, audiences, and production |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OLiS7_vqB2EC&q=macGyver+production&pg=PA173 |isbn=978-0-7021-5656-4 |date=April 28, 2004 |publisher=Juta and Company |access-date=November 16, 2020 |archive-date=April 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426180837/https://books.google.com/books?id=OLiS7_vqB2EC&q=macGyver+production&pg=PA173 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Dana Elcar]] minangka Pete Thornton. Dhèwèké kuwi boss lan kancané MacGyver sing apik dhéwé. Dhèwèké iku pegawé ing ''Department of External Services'' (DXS) utawa Dhépartemèn Hubungan Ngamanca. Pete Thornton kagum marang akalé MacGyver nalika nggolèki Murdoc(Michael Des Barres), sawijining juru rajapati internasional lan wong sing pinter nyamar. Nalika Thornton dadi dhirèktur operasi ing Yayasan ''Phoenix Foundation'' sawetara taun sawisé, dhèwèké nglebokaké MacGyver minangka karyawan ing yayasan iku. Saliyané ngirim MacGyver tugas metu ing werna-werni tugas kanggo yayasan iki, Thornton kerep kudu nulungi MacGyver menawa olèh masalah, kamangka awaké dhéwé sajatiné lugu lan kurang akèh akalé nalika dhines ing lapangan. Thornton has nduwé anak lanang sing jenengé Michael. Ing pungkasané acara iki, Thornton ngidhep lelara glaukoma, sing uga mèlu katulis ing acara iki amerga Dana Elcar ya ngidhep lelara iki ing donya nyata. Dana Elcar iku sajatiné ing épisodhe pilot ya mèlu main, ananging minangka Andy Colson, Kepala Operasi ing laboratorium KIVA.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.macgyveronline.com/pages/andy_colson.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140919122954/http://www.macgyveronline.com/pages/andy_colson.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 19, 2014 |title=MacGyver Online: Andy Colson |access-date=May 18, 2016 }}</ref> * [[Bruce McGill]] minangka Jack Dalton, dhèwèké kancané MacGyver sing lucu. Awaké iku serdhadhu bayaran lan pilot sing kerep olèh masalah lan nglèpètaké wong liya amarga awaké kepéngin cepet sugih. Namung MacGyver sing bisa nylametaké awaké. Menawa ngapusi mata kiwané kedhuten. Dalton iku kerep kepéngin macari para wanita sing ditepungaké marang awaké. == Prodhuksi == === Pangembangan === Nalika ngripta sérial ''MacGyver'', John Rich lagi nggarap kumidhi (''sitcom'') ''Mr. Sunshine'' kanggo ABC, sing namung sedhéla waé olèhé tayang lan agé dianulir. Henry Winkler lagi waé rampung ing sérial ''Happy Days'' sawisé sawelas taun lan lagi golèk proyèk anyar. Lee David Zlotoff kuwi nyambut gawé minangka sutradara kanggo sérial ''Remington Steele'', sing lagi tayang ing NBC. Wong telu iki ngumpul lan nggawé dhasaré ''MacGyver'' lan banjur ngedol idéné marang Paramaount. ABC banjur dadi katarik sérial iki. Vin DiBona, sing dadi prodhuser ''America's Funniest Videos'', ya mèlu kesembèt ing dina-dina awal.<ref name="macgyverbookrich" /> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYWxEvwwkno|title=Vin Di Bona discusses working with Henry Winkler on MacGyver - EMMYTVLEGENDS.ORG|via=www.youtube.com|access-date=November 23, 2022|archive-date=November 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123203403/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYWxEvwwkno|url-status=live}}</ref> === Syuting === Sérial iki difilem ing California Kidul nalika mangsa kapisan lan kapindho karo mangsa kaping pitu. Saka mangsa 3 nganti 6, sérial iku difilem ing sawetara lokasi sakiwa tengené Vancouver ing British Columbia, Kanadha. Senadyan ngono, Los Angeles panggah dadi sètting acara iki. Olèhé ngalih menyang Vancouver iku merga acara iki bisa dianulir déné anggaran prodhuksiné kedhuwuren. Ing mangsa 1 lan 2, MacGyver dituduhaké yèn awaké manggon ing apartemen sangarepé banyu ing panté Venice Beach. Ing mangsa 3, MacGyver ngalih menyang sawijiné omah prau, ing lokasi sing ora diarani, senadyan karepé ya isih ana ing Los Angeles. Sajatiné syutingé dilakoni ing Coal Harbour, cedhak tengahé Kutha Vancouver. Syutingé bali manèh menyang Los Angeles nalika mangsa pungkasan.<ref name="filmingcanada">{{cite web |author=Canadaka |title=TV Series Filmed in Canada |url=http://www.canadaka.net/content/page/127-tv-series-filmed-in-canada |work=Canadaka.net |access-date=April 25, 2009 |archive-date=August 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805073515/http://www.canadaka.net/content/page/127-tv-series-filmed-in-canada |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.macgyveronline.com/pages/locations.html|title=MacGyver Online: Filming Locations|access-date=December 2, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018141428/http://www.macgyveronline.com/pages/locations.html|archive-date=October 18, 2017|url-status=dead}}{{unreliable source?|date=January 2022}}</ref> === Pamaragan === Nalika sérial iki isih ing wayah pra-prodhuksi, Winkler lan Rich golèk aktor sing cocog lan pantes. Sawisé Richard Dean Anderson main in sérial TV AS ''The Love Boat'', Winkler ngundhang Anderson supaya audhisi. Miturut Rich kabèh aktor sing audhisi, wagu. Nalika Anderson ing pungkasan mèlu audhisi, Winkler lan Rich ngrasakaké yèn Anderson bisa mènèhi karakter MacGyver watek manungsa, kamangka para aktor liyané ora bisa. Wong loro iku percaya yèn Anderson bisa dadi salah siji bintang anyar ing télévisi Amérika Sarékat. Wong ngerti yèn Anderson dhéwé sing nggarap dhéwé stunt sajeroné acara iki. Senadyan mengkono, ing mangsa-mangsa pungkasan, dhèwèké wis ora kerep nggarap dhéwé, déné awaké kerep cilaka. Dhèwèké gegeré tau tatu lan sikilé kudu dioperasi, amarga kacilakan sing dialami olèhé nyambut gawé minangka ''stuntman''.<ref name="macgyverbookrich" /><ref name="casting">{{cite web |last=Brady |first=James |title=In Step With Richard Dean Anderson |url=http://www.rdanderson.com/archives/98-12-27.htm |date=December 27, 1998 |publisher=Parade Magazine |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927080959/http://www.rdanderson.com/archives/98-12-27.htm |archive-date=September 27, 2011 |access-date=May 18, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Michals |first=Bob |date=1985-12-15 |title=MacGyver: TV's Unsung Hero |pages=222 |work=The Palm Beach Post |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123354039/macgyver-tvs-unsung-hero/ |access-date=2023-04-22 |via=Newspapers.com |archive-date=April 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422235322/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123354039/macgyver-tvs-unsung-hero/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="macgyverbookrich">{{cite book|author=John Rich|title=Warm Up the Snake|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CIW4EVwj1egC&q=macGyver+richard%20dean%20anderson&pg=PA157|access-date=May 14, 2009|publisher=University of Michigan Press|isbn=978-0-472-11578-5|date=October 2006|archive-date=April 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426180858/https://books.google.com/books?id=CIW4EVwj1egC&q=macGyver+richard%20dean%20anderson&pg=PA157|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="stuntman">{{cite web|last1=Greenstein |first1=Lindsay |last2=Giles |first2=Laura |last3=Bogdan |first3=Alex |title=Kidsday: Talking with Richard Dean Anderson |url=http://www.rdanderson.com/archives/90-02-04.htm |date=February 4, 1990 |publisher=Newsday |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927081005/http://www.rdanderson.com/archives/90-02-04.htm |archive-date=September 27, 2011 |access-date=May 18, 2016}}</ref> == Sajarah panayangan == Sawisé ndarbèni wiwitan sing alon, ''MacGyver'' dadi ''sleeper hit'' kanggo ABC ing mangsa kapindho. Sawisé iku acara iki enem taun salawasé dadi pambuka acara ''Monday Night Football'' ing ABC. Sajeroning sajarah, iki sing suwé dhéwé.<ref name="onetwohit">{{cite web |author=Suzanne Stevens |title=In a fix? Call MacGyver, not the average Joe who plays him |url=https://www.macgyveronline.com/articles/in-a-fix-call-macgyver-not-the-average-joe-who-plays-him/ |date=January 19, 1987 |publisher=People Weekly |access-date=May 14, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203185156/https://www.macgyveronline.com/articles/in-a-fix-call-macgyver-not-the-average-joe-who-plays-him/ |archive-date=December 3, 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nalika ing mangsa kaping papat, Richard Dean Anderson komplain menawa ABC kurang olèhé nawakaké sérial iki. Dhèwèké nyatakaké menawa kanggo ABC sérial iki namung salah siji sérial aksi waé lan ABC kurang olèhé promosi sérial iki.<ref name="thephiladelphia">{{cite web |author=David Walstad |title=Series gets no respect, star says; Richard Dean Anderson faces his fourth season as MacGyver |url=https://www.macgyveronline.com/articles/richard-dean-anderson-faces-his-fourth-season-as-macgyver/ |date=July 24, 1988 |publisher=The Philadelphia Inquirer |access-date=May 14, 2009 |archive-date=May 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513193346/https://www.macgyveronline.com/articles/richard-dean-anderson-faces-his-fourth-season-as-macgyver/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Mangsa kaping pitu ''MacGyver'' dicekak. Sawisé épisodhe kaping rolas ditayangaké ing tanggal 30 Dhèsèmber 1991, ''MacGyver'' ngilang saka jadwal ABClan ora bali nganti tanggal 25 April 1992, kala iku sérial iki wis dianulir Épisodhe final ditayangaké wengi iku, lan diiloni déning sawijiné épisodhe sing durung tau ditayangaké ing tanggal 21 Mèi 1992. Nalika ditakoni généya sérial iki dianulir, Anderson mangsuli: “Siji-sijiné alesan iku amarga kabèh wis sedya nglakoni barang liya, wis bisa ''move on''. Aku dhéwé wis kesel njaba njero lan ora nduwé urip pribadi.”<ref name="iceman">{{cite web |author=Mark Nollinger |title=Ice Man |url=http://rdanderson.com/archives/1997-07-05.htm |work=TV Guide |date=July 15, 1997 |access-date=May 14, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907162250/http://rdanderson.com/archives/1997-07-05.htm |archive-date=September 7, 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Pawiji === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Mangsa ! Épisodhe ! Ditayangaké kapisan ! Pungkasan ditayangaké ! Wektu ! Rangking ! Cacahé pamirsa |- | [[MacGyver (sérial TV 1985, mangsa 1)|1]] | 22 | 29 Sèptèmber 1985 | 7 Mèi 1986 | Dina Minggu jam 20:00<br />Dina Rebo jam 20:00 | #47<ref name="thetvratingsguide.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thetvratingsguide.com/1991/08/1985-86-ratings-history_15.html|title=The TV Ratings Guide: 1985-86 Ratings History|access-date=May 13, 2020|archive-date=October 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013175016/http://www.thetvratingsguide.com/1991/08/1985-86-ratings-history_15.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | 14,6<ref name="thetvratingsguide.com"/> |- | [[MacGyver (sérial TV 1985, mangsa 2)|2]] | 22 | 22 Sèptèmber 1986 | 4 Mèi 1987 | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="6"| Dina Senèn jam 20:00 | #45<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thetvratingsguide.com/1991/08/1986-87-ratings-history.html|title=The TV Ratings Guide: 1986-87 Ratings History|access-date=May 13, 2020|archive-date=June 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618160337/http://www.thetvratingsguide.com/1991/08/1986-87-ratings-history.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | 14,6<ref name="ReferenceA"/> |- | [[MacGyver (sérial TV 1985, mangsa 3)|3]] | 20 | 21 Sèptèmber 1987 | 9 Mèi 1988 | #53<ref name="ReferenceB">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thetvratingsguide.com/1991/08/1987-88-ratings-history.html|title=The TV Ratings Guide: 1987-88 Ratings History|access-date=May 13, 2020|archive-date=June 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620033900/http://www.thetvratingsguide.com/1991/08/1987-88-ratings-history.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | 12,9<ref name="ReferenceB"/> |- | [[MacGyver (sérial TV 1985, mangsa 4)|4]] | 19 | 31 Oktober 1988 | 15 Mèi 1989 | #42<ref name="ReferenceC">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thetvratingsguide.com/1991/08/written-protesting-program-preemptions.html|title=The TV Ratings Guide: 1988-89 Ratings History|access-date=May 13, 2020|archive-date=June 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618205125/http://www.thetvratingsguide.com/1991/08/written-protesting-program-preemptions.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | 13,6<ref name="ReferenceC"/> |- | [[MacGyver (sérial TV 1985, mangsa 5)|5]] | 21 | 18 Sèptèmber 1989 | 30 April 1990 | #47<ref name="ReferenceD">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thetvratingsguide.com/1991/08/1989-90-ratings-history.html|title=The TV Ratings Guide: 1989-90 Ratings History|access-date=May 13, 2020|archive-date=October 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021000359/http://www.thetvratingsguide.com/1991/08/1989-90-ratings-history.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | 12,3<ref name="ReferenceD"/> |- | [[MacGyver (sérial TV 1985, mangsa 6)|6]] | 21 | 17 Sèptèmber 1990 | 6 Mèi 1991 | #52<ref name="sitcomsonline.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sitcomsonline.com/boards/showthread.php?t=328013|title=1990-91 Nielsen ratings - Sitcoms Online Message Boards - Forums|website=www.sitcomsonline.com|access-date=May 13, 2020|archive-date=June 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625170113/https://www.sitcomsonline.com/boards/showthread.php?t=328013|url-status=live}}</ref> | 11,5<ref name="sitcomsonline.com"/> |- | [[MacGyver (sérial TV 1985, mangsa 7)|7]] | 14 | 16 Sèptèmber 1991 | 21 Mèi 1992 | #64<ref name="ReferenceE">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sitcomsonline.com/boards/showthread.php?t=328155|title=The 1991-92 Season FULL Nielsen Ratings...and other interesting tidbits - Sitcoms Online Message Boards - Forums|website=www.sitcomsonline.com|access-date=May 13, 2020|archive-date=August 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809073808/https://www.sitcomsonline.com/boards/showthread.php?t=328155|url-status=live}}</ref> | 9,6<ref name="ReferenceE"/> |} === Film TV === Ing taun 1994, sérial iki dibabar ing luwih saka 70 pasar sing béda-béda.<ref name="producingmacsequal" /> Amarga akèh sing njejaluk, ana rong film TV digawé, loro-loroné dibabar ing taun 1994. Film kapisan ajudhul ''[[MacGyver: Lost Treasure of Atlantis]]'' kababar pisan ing Amerika Sarékat ing sasi Mèi. Film iki olèhé syuting ing Inggris lan Grikenlan. Film kapindho ndarbèni judhull ''[[List of MacGyver (1985 TV series) episodes#TV films (1994)|MacGyver: Trail to Doomsday]]'', lan olèhé syuting in Inggris. Anderson makarya minangka prodhuser èksèkutif kanggo film loro iki,<ref name="producingmacsequal">{{cite web |first=Susan |last=King |title=Richard Dean Anderson producing Macsequels |url=http://www.rdanderson.com/archives/94-05-08.htm |date=May 8, 1994 |work=The Los Angeles Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927081143/http://www.rdanderson.com/archives/94-05-08.htm |archive-date=September 27, 2011 |access-date=May 18, 2016}}</ref> sing disyuting ing Éropa.<ref name="anewimageformacgyver">{{cite news|first=Jerry |last=Buck |title=A New Image for MacGyver |url=http://www.rdanderson.com/archives/92-12-14.htm |date=December 14, 1992 |publisher=The Wichita Eagle |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927081155/http://www.rdanderson.com/archives/92-12-14.htm |archive-date=September 27, 2011 |access-date=May 18, 2011}}</ref> == Panayangan sindhikasi lan médhia omah == Tayangan ulang sérial iki isih ana ing Amérika Lor, Éropa, Ostrali, Asia, Kosta Rika, lan Étiyopia. Saliyané sindhikasi lokal, ulangan ya ditayangaké ing [[USA Network]] saka 1990 nganti 1997, ing [[WGN America]] saka 1998 nganti 2002, ing [[TV Land]] saka Januari 2003 nganti 2006, ing [[Paramount Network|Spike]] tau cekak ing taun 2005. Banjur uga tau tayang ing [[Cloo]] (2011–2017) mawa tayangan maraton ing dina Setu lan Minggu lan ing 13 Mèi 2015, [[Esquire Network]] uga miwiti tayangan ulang sérial iki. [[MeTV Network]] olèh hak kanggo nayangaké sérial iki ing tanggal 2 Dhèsèmber 2015. Sérial iki ditayangaké ing dina kerja soré lan wengi ing [[MeTV]] saka tanggal 19-12-2016 - 26-5-2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://woio.titantv.com|title=TitanTV Programming Guide|website=woio.titantv.com|access-date=June 1, 2022|archive-date=August 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810090111/http://woio.titantv.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ing tanggal 15 Juni 2010, Paramount mbabar rong film TV ing format DVD ing Region{{nbsp}}1 ing sawijining rilis awujud cakram tunggal ajudhul ''MacGyver – The TV Movies.''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/MacGyver-The-TV-Movies/13505 |title=MacGyver DVD news: Date Change for MacGyver – The TV Movies |publisher=TVShowsOnDVD.com |access-date=February 25, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110916024956/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/MacGyver-The-TV-Movies/13505 |archive-date=September 16, 2011 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Ing surya 13 Januari 2015, [[CBS Home Entertainment]] wara-wara menawa dhèwèké kabèh bakal mbabar vèrsi pakèt ulang sérial komplit ing DVD ing Region{{nbsp}}1, mawa rega sing luwih murah ing tanggal 7 April.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/MacGyver-The-Complete-Series/20648|title=Paramount to Re-Release 'The Complete Collection' on DVD|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170418144029/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/MacGyver-The-Complete-Series/20648|archive-date=April 18, 2017|df=mdy-all}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- ! JUDHUL DVD !! Region 4 (Ostrali) |- | The Complete First Season || January 25, 2005 |- | The Complete Second Season || June 7, 2005 |- | The Complete Third Season || September 6, 2005 |- | The Complete Fourth Season || December 6, 2005 |- | The Complete Fifth Season || March 14, 2006 |- | The Complete Sixth Season || June 13, 2006 |- | The Final Season || October 24, 2006 |- | The Complete Series (39 Disc Set) || July 30, 2009 |- | The Complete Collection (38 Disc Set) || August 15, 2018 |} ===''Remaster'' ing format ''high definition''=== Ing sasi June 2018, [[CBS]] wara-wara menawa négatif kaméra orisinil, sing sadurungé dikira wis ilang, tibaké ketemu manèh, lan ''remaster'' ing format ''high definition'' saka sérial iki lagi digarap. Ing rilis pèrs tanggal 21 Juni wis didhedhesaké menawa telung mangsa kapisan wis rampung. Papat liyané isih kudu diremaster manèh sadurungé pungkasané taun 2018. Rilis pèrs iki uga nuduhaké kwalitas gambar sing luwih apik.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.home.viacbscontent.com/news-press-details/the-original-macgyver-hd-remastered/|title=The Original MACGYVER - HD Remastered!|website=www.home.viacbscontent.com|access-date=June 4, 2020|archive-date=June 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604084031/https://www.home.viacbscontent.com/news-press-details/the-original-macgyver-hd-remastered/|url-status=live}}</ref> == Pangaribawa == Sérial iki kerep disebut ing sawetara épisodhe ''[[The Simpsons]]'', mliginé menawa nyritakaké obsèsi mbakyuné [[Marge Simpson|Marge Simpson]] ya Oki ([[Patty Bouvier|Patty]] lan [[Selma Bouvier|Selma]]) marang acara iki lan olèhé mbakyuné iku nggandrungi karakter si MacGyver iki. Olèhé para mbakyu iki sakala-kala nonton acara iki, wis dadi anasir ora isa diowahi ing jadwal padinané, kaya dituduhaké ing épisodhe "[[Black Widower]]". Épisodhe iki uga nuduhaké sawijiné adegan fiksional MacGyver sing andhap asor olèhé nylametaké sawijiné désa. (“Ora sah kandha matur nuwun marang aku. Matura nuwun waé marang daya tariké grativasi wulan. ("''Don't thank me. Thank the moon's gravitational pull''."))<ref>{{cite episode |title=A Star Is Burns |episode-link=A Star Is Burns |series=The Simpsons |series-link=The Simpsons |airdate=1995-03-05 |season=6 |number=18}}</ref> Sajeroné épisodhe kapisan acarané Anderson ing tembé, ya iku, ''[[Stargate SG-1]]'', [[Amanda Tapping]] [[Ad libitum|ngimprovisasi]] yèn Angkatan Udara Amérika Sarékat kudu "MacGyveri" sawijiné Piranti Nilpun Omah kanggo Stargate (gapura lintang),<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Allan |date=July 26, 1997 |title='Stargate': New Challenge for 'MacGyver' Star |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-07-27-9707270340-story.html |access-date=2023-03-28 |website=Chicago Tribune |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328010042/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-07-27-9707270340-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> lan sadetik sawisé Anderson katon "mèsem kecut” minangka réaksiné;<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bianculli |first=David |date=1997-07-24 |title=Stargate SG1 is less than stellar |pages=118 |work=Daily News |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/121813910/stargate-sg1-is-less-than-stellar/ |access-date=2023-03-28 |via=Newspapers.com |archive-date=March 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328163104/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/121813910/stargate-sg1-is-less-than-stellar/ |url-status=live }}</ref> para prodhuser, kalebu Anderson, "seneng" lan Anderson banjur ing tembé nyatakaké "Miturutku iku apik banget".<ref name=":0" /> (Senadyan mengkono, ukara iki dibusak nalika épisodhe iki dirilis ulang ing taun 2009.)<ref>{{cite web|title=Stargate SG-1: Children of the Gods – Final Cut review|url=http://www.reviewstream.com/reviews/?p=99007|publisher=ReviewStream.com|access-date=April 12, 2012|archive-date=February 9, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209123007/http://www.reviewstream.com/reviews/?p=99007|url-status=live}}</ref> Ing taun 2006, Anderson main ing sawijiné iklan télévisi ngenani MasterCard kanggo acara [[Super Bowl XL]]. Ing kana, dhèwèké bisa ngethok tali sing ngiket awaké mawa pewangi aroma wit pinus, nganggo kaos kaki lumrah minangka katrol kanggo sawijiné tali luncur gantung, lan embuh kepriyé carané bisa ngréparasi lan nyetarter truk sing ora fungsional nganggo klip kertas, balpèn, gelang karèt, [[pinsèt]], semprotan irung, lan cidhuk kalkun. Béda karo iklan MasterCard sadurungé sing nuduhaké wong tetuku barang anèh-anèh kanggo mungkasi tugas padinan, MacGyver dituduhaké mlayu saka salah sawijiné perangkap maut mawa barang-barang padinan umum sing wiji kurang saka $20. Iklan iki ing wusanané nuduhaké dhèwèké nukoni barang-barang kaya ngono ing sawijiné toko gedhé mawa kartu kredhité (minangka katrangan lucu kanggo kepriyé dhèwèké mesthi nduwé barang-barang sing diperlokaké nalika lunga menyang ngendi waé). Senadyan iklan iki implisit nyatakaké menawa Anderson maragakaké MacGyver, nanging ora diarani èksplisit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tow.com/2006/02/05/macgyver-mastercard-commercial/|title=MacGyver MasterCard Commercial|publisher=Tow.com|date=December 20, 2010|access-date=December 20, 2010|archive-date=April 30, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430115746/http://www.tow.com/2006/02/05/macgyver-mastercard-commercial/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ing sasi Agustus 2007 ana angkèt sing dianakaké déning Yayasan McCormick Tribune Foundation. Wong Amérika Sarékat padha milih MacGyver minangka pahlawan fiksi favorit sing dipéngèni menawa dhèwèké kabèh ana ing kahanan darurat.<ref name="macgyver2007">{{cite web | title= MacGyver is favorite disaster hero | url= https://www.smh.com.au/news/tv--radio/macgyver-trumps-jack-bauer/2007/09/13/1189276851582.html | work= The Sydney Morning Herald | date= September 13, 2007 | access-date= September 13, 2007 | archive-date= September 19, 2007 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070919213843/http://www.smh.com.au/news/tv--radio/macgyver-trumps-jack-bauer/2007/09/13/1189276851582.html | url-status= live }}</ref> Ing taun 2008, ukara “Apa sing arep dilakokaké déning MacGyver?” ("''What would MacGyver do?''") dienggo ing sawijiné iklan télévisi Niu Sélan kanggo bumbu-bumbu pawon Gregg's "freestyle cooking.” Iklan iki nuduhaké tembung MacGyver sing mbukak saka lempitan kaya déné puzzle nganggo péso oncèkan kenthang lan péso bendho sing binukak kaya ta leladingané [[Swiss Army knife|péso wadyabala Switserlan]].<ref>[http://www.macgyveronline.com/pages/wwmd.html MacGyver Online web site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018140743/http://www.macgyveronline.com/pages/wwmd.html |date=October 18, 2017}} has this commercial to watch online</ref> ==="MacGyver" lan "MacGyverisme”=== {{Further|MacGyver in popular culture#MacGyverisms and "to MacGyver"}} MacGyver nrapaké akal lan kawruhé ing sains, tèknologi, ngalam, lan ulahraga, kanggo golèk solusi menawa ngadhepi krisis maut. Dhèwèké bisa nyiptakaké barang migunani saka barang-barang prasaja, lan mung ngandelaké péso wadyabala Switserlan lan sélotip, dudu sanjata lan piranti canggih modhèren kaya mata-mata khas ing acara liya. Barang-barang panyiptané iku dadi sinonim karo karakter MacGyver iki lan diarani ''MacGyverisme'' déning wong-wong sing nggandrungi.<ref name="britton">Britton, Wesley, ''Spy Television'', Praeger/Greenwood, {{ISBN|0-275-98163-0}}, p. 212.</ref><ref name="rich">Rich, John, 2006, ''Warm Up the Snake: A Hollywood Memoir'', {{ISBN|0-472-11578-2}}, p. 167.</ref> Para juru tulis acara iki ndhasaraké barang-barang ciptanané MacGyver ing gagasan saka para adviseur sains, prastawa tenanan, barang-barang sing ditemokaké ing lokasi, lan idhé-idhé sing dikirim para ''penggemar'' ing sayembara mawa bebungah dhuwit.<ref name="britton" /><ref name="rich" /> Tembung MacGyverisme utawa ing basa Inggris ''MacGyverism'' iku kapisan diarani ing acara iki déning karakter Joanne Remmings ing épisodhe "Twice Stung" (mangsa 2, épisodhe 3). Tembung ''MacGyverism'' iku marai anané tembung kriya ''to MacGyver ing'' basa Inggris. Ing taun 1989, Richard Dean Anderson ndhiskusèkaké istilah iki sajeroné acara ''[[The Arsenio Hall Show]]''; Arsenio Hall tau krungu istilah iki dienggo lan tegesé 'nggarap sawijining barang kang mustakil', lan mènèhi panemuné tembung iki dimota ing bausastra. <ref>[http://www.macgyveronline.com/pages/video11.html Arsenio Hall interview of Richard Dean Anderson] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100817091700/http://www.macgyveronline.com/pages/video11.html|date=August 17, 2010}}. ''[[The Arsenio Hall Show]]''. 1989. MacGyver Online. accessed July 30, 2011.</ref> Jeneng ''MacGyver'' mlebu situs wèb bausastra ''[[Oxford Dictionaries (website)|Oxford Dictionaries]]'' minangka tembung kriya ing taun 2015 lan tegesé "nggawé utawa réparasi barang mawa cara improvisasi utawa inventif, nganggo barang-barang sing ana ing cedhak".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/macgyver |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822220510/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/macgyver |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 22, 2017 |title=MacGyver |work=Oxford Dictionaries }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-34075407|title=How 'MacGyver' became a verb|date=August 27, 2015|work=BBC|access-date=July 20, 2018|archive-date=November 29, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171129041330/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-34075407|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Anugrah lan nominasi === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |+ |- ! width="18%" | Anugrah ! width="3.5%" | Taun ! width="25%" | Kategori ! Sing dinominasèkaké ! width="18%" | Épisodhe ! width="3.5%" | Kasil |- ! scope="row" | [[BMI Film & TV Awards]] | 1991 | BMI TV Music Award | Randy Edelman | | {{won}}<ref name=awards>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0088559/awards|title = MacGyver - IMDb|website = [[IMDb]]}}</ref> |- ! scope="rowgroup" rowspan="4" | [[Emmy Awards]] | 1987 | [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Makeup (Non-Prosthetic)|Outstanding Achievement in Makeup for a Series]] | Rolf John Keppler, Michael Westmore, Robert Norin | "Friends" | {{nom}}<ref name=awards/> |- | 1989 | [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Sound Editing for a Comedy or Drama Series (One-Hour)|Outstanding Sound Editing for a Series]] | William H. Angarola, Miguel Rivera, Barbara Issak, Jon Johnson, Keith Bilderbeck, Art Ottinger, Steve Danforth | "Gold Rush" | {{nom}}<ref name=awards/> |- | 1990 | [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Sound Editing for a Comedy or Drama Series (One-Hour)|Outstanding Sound Editing for a Series]] | William H. Angarola, Miguel Rivera, Barbara Issak, George Nemzer, Guy Tsujimoto, David Long, Steve Danforth | "The Lost Amadeus" | {{nom}}<ref name=awards/> |- | 1992 | [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Costumes for a Series|Outstanding Individual Achievement in Costuming for a Series]] | Thomas Welsh, Bernadette O'Brien | "Good Knight MacGyver", part I | {{nom}}<ref name=awards/> |- ! scope="row" | [[Genesis Awards]] | 1991 | Best TV - Drama | Paul B. Margolis, Henry Winkler | &ndash; | {{won}}<ref name=awards/> |- ! scope="rowgroup" rowspan="2" | [[TV Land Award]]s | 2005 | Greatest Gear or Admirable Apparatus | Richard Dean Anderson | &mdash; | {{nom}}<ref name=awards/> |- | 2007 | Most Uninsurable Driver | Richard Dean Anderson | &mdash; | {{nom}}<ref name=awards/> |- ! scope="rowgroup" rowspan="2" | [[Young Artist Award]]s | rowspan=2|1990 | Best Young Actor Guest Starring in a Television Series | Cuba Gooding Jr. | &ndash; | {{nom}}<ref name=awards/> |- | Best Young Actress Guest Starring in a Television Series | Holly Fields | &ndash; | {{nom}}<ref name=awards/> |} == ''Reboot'' sing gagal == [[Jared Padalecki]] mèlu main sawijiné pilot utawa épisodhe kapisan sérial MacGyver ''reboot'' (ulang anyar) sing gagal.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://screenrant.com/young-macgyver-supernatural-jared-padelecki-failed-show/ | title=Supernatural Star Jared Padalecki's Failed Young MacGyver Spinoff Explained | website=[[Screen Rant]] | date=May 2, 2021 }}</ref> == Sérial ''reboot'' anyar ing CBS taun 2016 == Ing sasi Oktober 2015, prodhuser èksèkutif sérial asli, Henry Winkler, napakastani kanggo mrodhuksi sérial ''reboot'' karo [[James Wan]] lan [[R. Scott Gemmill]] kanggo [[CBS]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2015/10/macgyver-series-remake-cbs-james-wan-henry-winkler-1201566340/|title='MacGyver' Series Remake Set At CBS, James Wan & Henry Winkler Producing|first1=Nellie|last1=Andreeva|date=October 2, 2015|access-date=June 4, 2020|archive-date=June 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604084030/https://deadline.com/2015/10/macgyver-series-remake-cbs-james-wan-henry-winkler-1201566340/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ing sasi Mèi, stasiun TV iki njupuk sérial iki, mawa ko-kréator/ptodhuser èksèkutif [[Peter Lenkov]] minangka sing ngurusi acara,<ref>{{cite web |last=Andreeva |first=Nellie |date=May 13, 2016 |title='Training Day', 'Bull', 'MacGyver', 'The Great Indoors', Matt LeBlanc Comedy & Jason Katims Drama Picked Up By CBS |url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/training-day-bull-macgyver-the-great-indoors-matt-leblanc-jason-katims-cbs-series-1201755376/ |publisher=Deadline |access-date=May 13, 2016 |archive-date=March 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327123108/https://deadline.com/2016/05/training-day-bull-macgyver-the-great-indoors-matt-leblanc-jason-katims-cbs-series-1201755376/ |url-status=live }}</ref> lan mesthèkaké yèn sérial anyar iki bakal ditayangaké ing tembé ing taun iku.<ref name="MacGyverFall">{{cite web|url=https://tvline.com/2016/05/18/macgyver-trailer-cbs-fall-video/|title=MacGyver: CBS Unveils Trailer for Upcoming Reboot of '80s Series|publisher=TV Line|last=Iannucci|first=Rebecca|date=May 18, 2016|access-date=May 20, 2016|archive-date=May 20, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160520164415/http://tvline.com/2016/05/18/macgyver-trailer-cbs-fall-video/|url-status=live}}</ref> Nanging ing sasi Juni, stasiun TV njabel épisodhe pilot iki lan mesen épisodhe pilot anyar sing disutradarani déning Wan mawa Tiil lan Eads dadi para paraga. [[Justin Hires]] dikon main minangka Wilt Bozer, kanca sakamaré MacGyver.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/james-wan-direct-cbs-rebooted-903740|title=James Wan to Direct CBS' Rebooted 'MacGyver' Pilot|publisher=The Hollywood Reporter|last=Goldberg|first=Lesley|date=June 16, 2016|access-date=February 18, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116035745/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/james-wan-direct-cbs-rebooted-903740|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2016/06/macgyver-rush-hour-justin-hires-cast-cbs-series-reboot-1201771878/|title='MacGyver': 'Rush Hour's Justin Hires Cast In CBS Series Reboot|publisher=Deadline|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|date=June 13, 2016|access-date=February 18, 2020|archive-date=June 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612163311/https://deadline.com/2016/06/macgyver-rush-hour-justin-hires-cast-cbs-series-reboot-1201771878/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ing sasi Juni, ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' nglapuraké menawa [[Sandrine Holt]] dikon mainaké Patricia Thornton, sawijiné manten agèn mata-mata ing lapangan lan saiki dadi dhirèktur operasi ing ''Department of External Services'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2016/tv/news/macgyver-casts-sandrine-holt-as-series-regular-1201815294/|title='MacGyver' Casts Sandrine Holt as Series Regular|publisher=Variety|last=Prudom|first=Laura|date=July 15, 2016|access-date=December 11, 2017|archive-date=June 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143421/https://variety.com/2016/tv/news/macgyver-casts-sandrine-holt-as-series-regular-1201815294/|url-status=live}}</ref> lan[[Tristin Mays]] dikon mainaké Riley Davis, ya iku hacker utawa peretas komputer sing ora stabil lan nduwé isu pribadi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2016/tv/news/macgyver-tristan-mays-cast-cbs-1201824668/|title=Tristin Mays Joins 'MacGyver' Completing Cast of CBS Reboot|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|last=Wagmeister|first=Elizabeth|date=July 27, 2016|access-date=December 11, 2017|archive-date=August 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828034645/https://variety.com/2016/tv/news/macgyver-tristan-mays-cast-cbs-1201824668/|url-status=live}}</ref> Acara ''reboot'' iki lumaku nganti taun 2021, sawisé iku dianulir. == Ing médhia liyané == ===''Game'' punsèl=== Sawijiné ''game'' 3D puzzle adhedhasar sérial TV iki mawa judhul ''MacGyver: Deadly Descent'' dirilis ing [[iOS]] lan [[Android (sistém operasi)|Android]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pocketgamer.com/articles/059629/macgyver-deadly-descent-walkthrough-for-ios-and-android-laser-quest-puzzles/|title=MacGyver: Deadly Descent walkthrough for iOS and Android - Laser Quest puzzles|first=Mark|last=Brown|website=www.pocketgamer.com|date=May 22, 2014 |access-date=May 2, 2020|archive-date=October 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006215916/https://www.pocketgamer.com/articles/059629/macgyver-deadly-descent-walkthrough-for-ios-and-android-laser-quest-puzzles/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===''MacGyver and the New Citan''=== Anderson maragakaké karakter MacGyver manèh ing sasi Sèptèmber 2012 ing sawijiné sérial film-film cendhak, digawé déning [[Mercedes-Benz]] kanggo ngrilis MPV [[Mercedes-Benz Citan|Citan]]é sing anyar in Éropa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/television/MacGyver-Gets-Comeback-Mercedes-Benz-Web-Episodes-45879.html |title=MacGyver Gets A Comeback In Mercedes-Benz Web Episodes |last=Kasperowicz |first=Leslie |work=Cinema Blend |date=August 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160518190114/http://www.cinemablend.com/television/MacGyver-Gets-Comeback-Mercedes-Benz-Web-Episodes-45879.html |archive-date=May 18, 2016 |url-status=live |access-date=May 18, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://media.daimler.com/dcmedia/0-921-656174-1-1521664-1-0-1-0-0-1-13457-656174-0-1-0-0-0-0-0.html |title=MacGyver and the new Citan: every hero needs a strong partner |publisher=[[Daimler AG]] |location=Stuttgart |date=August 14, 2012 |access-date=May 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019170310/http://media.daimler.com/dcmedia/0-921-656174-1-1521664-1-0-1-0-0-1-13457-656174-0-1-0-0-0-0-0.html |archive-date=October 19, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===Buku komik === Buku komik tau dibabar lan katampa apik saindhenging donya. Cithakan kapisan ludhes sajeroné rong minggu<ref>{{cite web |url=http://macgyveronline.com/news/macgyver-comic-sells-out-in-less-than-2-weeks |title=MacGyver comic sells out in less than 2 weeks |work=MacGyver Online |date=October 31, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801045300/http://macgyveronline.com/news/macgyver-comic-sells-out-in-less-than-2-weeks |archive-date=August 1, 2013 |access-date=May 18, 2016}}</ref> lan olèh resènsi apik ing situs buku komik gedhé. Senadyan mengkono Tommy Lee, pangripta pokok, ndhedhes ing sasi Sèptèmber 2014, nanging in gunggungé sérial iki kurang payu kanggo njamin sérial kapindho.<ref>{{cite web|title=No more comics planned|url=http://www.macgyveronline.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=7955|publisher=MacGyver Online Forums|access-date=April 1, 2015|archive-date=May 25, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525023357/http://www.macgyveronline.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=7955|url-status=live}}</ref> == Cathetan sikil == {{reflist|2}} == Pranala njaba == {{Wikiquote}} * {{official website|https://macgyver.com/}} * [http://www.macgyveronline.com/ MacGyver Online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125081545/https://www.macgyveronline.com/ |date=2021-01-25 }} Situs fan * {{IMDb title|id=0088559}} [[Kategori:MacGyver|*]] gm2hhjp1f16wpwfwrk4n5ab7yu1w791 1 200887 1756838 2026-09-21T16:38:38Z Empat Tilda 42973 /* kaca iki kedobelan */ pérangan anyar 1756838 wikitext text/x-wiki == kaca iki kedobelan == kaca iki dihapus wae, amarga isine pada uga karo [[jipang]]. Amarga isine luweh jangkep, saranku isine iki dipindah ing kaca jipang [[Naraguna:Empat Tilda|Empat Tilda]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:Empat Tilda|rembugan]]) 21 Sèptèmber 2026 16.38 (UTC) n48y0kvibxcfp7mjn5bkffmiquitj61 0 200888 1756859 2026-09-22T05:05:13Z Meursault2004 3 Rintisan saka [[:en:Tony Todd|]] 1756859 wikitext text/x-wiki {{inuse}} '''Anthony Tiran''' '''Todd''' (4 Dhésèmber 1954 – 6 Novèmber 2024) iku sawijining aktor Amérika Sarékat. Dhèwèké kawentar déné swarané sing abot lan serak. == Pranala njaba == [[Kategori:Lair 1954]] [[Kategori:Pati 2024]] [[Kategori:Paraga Star Trek]] cfhohysdrihbbmpxcojuwcx73ctcm87 1756863 1756859 2026-09-22T07:33:51Z Meursault2004 3 + foto 1756863 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tony Todd (36141902441).jpg|thumb|Tony Todd (2017)]] '''Anthony Tiran''' '''Todd''' (4 Dhésèmber 1954 – 6 Novèmber 2024) iku sawijining aktor Amérika Sarékat. Dhèwèké kawentar déné swarané sing abot lan serak. == Pranala njaba == [[Kategori:Lair 1954]] [[Kategori:Pati 2024]] [[Kategori:Paraga Star Trek]] h8ixfgp72e14d30h43bt42wl331uqe4