Wikipedia kabwiki https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asebter_agejdan MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.4 first-letter Media Uslig Mmeslay Amseqdac Amyannan umsqedac Wikipedia Amyannan n Wikipedia Tugna Amyannan n tugna MediaWiki Amyannan n MediaWiki Talɣa Amyannan n talɣa Tallat Amyannan n tallat Taggayt Amyannan n taggayt Awwur Amyannan uwwur Asenfaṛ Amyannan usenfaṛ TimedText TimedText talk Module Discussion module Event Event talk Sujet 0 12289 116574 116570 2026-06-03T09:39:28Z Gurzil90x 14292 aseɣti 116574 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox biography}} '''François-Marie Arouet''', iwumi qqaren '''Voltaire''', d amyaru afransis, yella daɣen d afelsafi ; ilul ass n 21/11/1694 di Paris, yemmut ass n 30/05/1778 ; yeǧǧa-d later meqqren deg lqern wis XIV imi d i d agensas n tfelsafit n tifawin, yerna yezga d netta i ḥemmlen iburrjwaten iṛumiyen ama qbel neɣ mi tɛedda tegrawla tafransist. S ubrid-is i d-yewwi mgal tiṭṭurfa tamasɣant (n ddin), amennuɣ-is yeqqen ugar ɣer tissumḥa d tlelli n wawal. Ma d tira-s teṭṭef-d deg umezgun, tamedyazt, amzruy, d tsekla-nniḍen yebḍan ɣef wungalen d tmucuha anda i d-yeggar tikta-s tfelsafiyin. Aɣanib-s seg wid iqewwan, tikwal yeslusuy-as kra usaran ; aya merra yerra-t d yiwen seg imyura icaɛen nezzeh di lqern wis XIV. Yerna ar tura mazal-is seg wid i d-beddren medden s tuget. == Tudert-is == Voltaire yekcem deg tudert n yidles d tsertit zik. Yura aṭas n yidlisen, timucuha, d yimgraden i yessawalen ɣer tilelli. Ɣef ljal n tiktiwin-is timaynutin, yekcem ɣer lḥebs, syin ilaq ad yeǧǧ tamurt-is ad yeddu ɣer tmura nniḍen am Ingiliz. Dinna, yufa tiktiwin n yimusnawen am John Locke d Isaac Newton, i yernan ɣer usikel n tfelsafit-is. Mi d-yuɣal, ikemmel amennuɣ-is mgal tasnareft(tadiktaturt) d temsizzelt n usɣan, yerna yettara taɣdemt i wid yettwakerhen. === Talalit d Tmeẓyant === Ilul deg temdint n Paris deg useggas n 1694, deg yiwet n twacult tameẓyant maca ur nelli d igellil. Isem-is aḥeqqi François-Marie Arouet. Yekcem ɣer uɣerbaz n yimassanen anda yelmed tasekla d tfelsafit. Zik i d-yemmel times n yiles-is, yella yesɛa amussu d tektiwin i yessawalen ɣer tmuɣliwin timaynutin, i yessawalen mgal udabu n tgeldit. === Takurmut d Ubeddel n Yisem === Sabab n yimedyazen-is d wawalen-is i yessawalen mgal win ilan adabu, Voltaire yettwawwet ɣer tekurmut(''lḥebs'') n Bastille deg useggas n 1717. Deg takurmut-a, i yexdem isem-is amaynut Voltaire, yerna yura amezgun-is amezwaru i yessawalen Œdipe. Mi d-yeffeɣ, yuɣal d amusnaw yettwassnen deg Paris, maca yella yettnadi ɣef tilelli ur nelli deg tmurt-is. === Aserwel ɣer Ingiliz === Deg useggas n 1726, yekcem deg wemgaru d yiwen n uhaggar i yuran deg udabu. Akken ur itteddu ara ɣer takurmut tikelt nniḍen, yesserwel ɣer tmurt n Ingiliz. Tawella-a tbeddel-as tudert-is s lwudem ummid. Dinna, yufa-d timetti tatrart, tilelli n wawal, d tmuɣliwin n yimusnawen am John Locke d Isaac Newton. Yelmed ɣef tugdut, ɣef uqader n tmuɣliwin n wiyaḍ, d wamek i yezmer udabu ad yili d amsawi. Mi d-yuɣal ɣer Fransa, yura idlisen i yessawalen ɣef wayen i yelmed deg Ingiliz, i yessawalen mgal udabu n Fransa, dɣa idlisen-is ttwakerhen, netta yerwel ɣer tmurt nniḍen. === Tudert deg Cirey akked Émilie du Châtelet === Yufa-d rrefd deg temdint n Cirey akked Émilie du Châtelet, i yellan d tamussnawt tameqqrant deg tusnakt d tfizikt. Ttkemilen anadi deg tussniwin, deg tfelsafit, d wamek i yezmer umdan ad yissin agama s tameẓla. Tuɣalin-a d tallit n uselmed d unadi ameqqran, anda i yura aṭas n yimgraden ɣef tussniwin. === Tagelda n Prusse d Tuɣalin ɣer Fransa === Sakin n lmut n Émilie, Voltaire yedda ɣer tmurt n Prusse akked ugellid Frédéric II, i yellan d ameddukel-is. Maca, ɣef ljal n tmuɣliwin-is tilelliyin d yiles-is i yekkaten, ur qublen ara, ihi yerwel syin ɣer tmurt n Suisse. === Ferney d Umennuɣ ɣef Teɣdemt === Yezdeɣ deg temdint n Ferney, tama n tmurt n Suisse, i wazal n 20 n yiseggasen. Dinna, yuɣal d amerkanti, yerna yella yettara taɣdemt i wid yettwakerhen s yisem n usɣan neɣ udabu. Am temsalt n Jean Calas, anda i yennuɣ s tezmert-is akken ad d-yerr tamsawit i yiwen n urgaz yettwakerhen s uzref ur neṣfa. Yura aṭas n yidlisen am Candide d Umawal afelsafi, anda i yessaweḍ ad yessenɣes ɣef temsizzelt d temḥeqranit. === Taggara d Usmekti === Deg useggas n 1778, yuɣal ɣer Paris anda i t-qublen medden am umsellek, am uzamul n tilelli d tmeẓla. Maca, yemmut cwiṭ n wussan sakin. Ɣef sebba n tiktiwin-is, ur t-anflen ara ad yettwamḍel deg tmeqbert n yimasiḥiyen. Maca, deg tagrawla tafransist, asirem-is yuɣal d tilawt asmi i ttwaqqen iɣsan-is ɣer Panthéon, am uzamul n tilelli d wemdan i yennuɣen ɣef uzref n wawal d tamsawit. == Tiktiwin-is Tigejdanin == '''Tilelli n wawal d usmeslay''': Voltaire yumen belli yal amdan yesɛa azref ad yini tiktiwin-is war ma yegged kra. Yettwassen s wawal-is i d-yettwanan: "Ur qebleɣ ara ayen i d-teqqareḍ, maca ad nnaɣeɣ s tezmert-iw akken ad tesɛuḍ tilelli ad t-iniḍ." '''Tasemhuyt n usɣan''': Yenkeṛ tamḥeqranit gar yimdanen ɣef tmentilt n usɣan. Yura aṭas ɣef usentel-a akken ad immel belli asɣan ur ilaq ad yili d sebba n yimenɣi neɣ n temḥeqranit, yerna yal amdan yesɛa tilelli ad yaf aman-is deg usɣan i yextar. '''Tameẓla d Umeɣẓan''': Yettwali belli tameẓla d tafat i yessefk ad taweḍ yal amdan akken ad yefru uguren n tmetti, mačči d asɣan neɣ tarrayin tiqburin i yesderɣlen ɣef wallaɣ n umdan. '''Taɣdemt d Tamsawit''': Yennaɣ mgal taɣdemt ur nelli d tamsawit. Yessaweḍ ad yerr taɣdemt i yiwen umdan yettwakerhen s uzref ur neṣfa, i yessawalen ɣer ubeddel n unagraw n teɣdemt. == Tazrirt n tfelsafit-is deg umaḍal atrar == Tiktiwin n Voltaire sɛant tazrirt tameqqrant deg umaḍal n wass-a: '''Izerfan n Umdan''': Tiktiwin-is ɣef tilelli d tamsawit llant d lsas n uswenni agreɣlan n yizerfan n umdan d uɣerman. '''Tugdut d Talayakit''': Abrid i yeldi ɣer tugdut d talayakit, akken ad yili umdan d ilelli deg tmetti-is, ad yili umgarad gar usɣan d udabu. '''Tagrawla Tafransist''': Imelwiyen d yimussnawen n tagrawla tafransist ssemersen tiktiwin-is akken ad sneflen anagraw aqbur n tgeldit, ad snulfun tagduda. == Ayen yura == [[File:Voltaire - Élémens de la philosophie de Neuton.png|thumb|''Elémens de la philosophie de Neuton'', 1738]] '''Tifelseft''' ''':''' * Tibratin teflsafiyin (Lettres philosophiques), 1734 * Awal ɣef tissumḥa (Traité sur la tolérance),1763 * Amawal afelsafi (dctionnaire philosophiques), 1764 '''Amezruy''' ''':''' * Tin ugellid Henri (La Henriade), 1728 * Amezruy n Charles XII (L'histoire de Charles XII) ? 1731 * Lqern n l Louis XIV(Le siècle de Louis X1V),1751 * Awal ɣef wansayen (Essai sur les mœurs), 1741 '''Ungalen/Timuchuha''' ''':''' * Zadig, 1747 * Candide, 1759 * Micromégas (1752) * Ameḥruc (lIngénu),1767 ''' '''Tamedyezt'''''' ''':''' * Isefra ifelsafiyi d isefra isatranen (Poèmes philosophiques et poèmes satiriques), * Asefru ɣef twaɣit n Lisbun (Poème sur le désastre de Lisbonne), 1756 '''Tibratin''' ''':''' 6000 [[Taggayt:Amaru|Voltaire]] jop1d3wn8itd23lflveenk6iwd7uii9 116575 116574 2026-06-03T10:01:40Z Gurzil90x 14292 Arniɣ-d ayen ilaqen 116575 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox biography}} '''François-Marie Arouet''', iwumi qqaren '''Voltaire''', d amyaru afransis, yella daɣen d afelsafi ; ilul ass n 21/11/1694 di Paris, yemmut ass n 30/05/1778 ; yeǧǧa-d later meqqren deg lqern wis XIV imi d i d agensas n tfelsafit n tifawin, yerna yezga d netta i ḥemmlen iburrjwaten iṛumiyen ama qbel neɣ mi tɛedda tegrawla tafransist. S ubrid-is i d-yewwi mgal tiṭṭurfa tamasɣant (n ddin), amennuɣ-is yeqqen ugar ɣer tissumḥa d tlelli n wawal. Ma d tira-s teṭṭef-d deg umezgun, tamedyazt, amzruy, d tsekla-nniḍen yebḍan ɣef wungalen d tmucuha anda i d-yeggar tikta-s tfelsafiyin. Aɣanib-s seg wid iqewwan, tikwal yeslusuy-as kra usaran ; aya merra yerra-t d yiwen seg imyura icaɛen nezzeh di lqern wis XIV. Yerna ar tura mazal-is seg wid i d-beddren medden s tuget. == Tudert-is == Voltaire yekcem deg tudert n yidles d tsertit zik. Yura aṭas n yidlisen, timucuha, d yimgraden i yessawalen ɣer tilelli. Ɣef ljal n tiktiwin-is timaynutin, yekcem ɣer lḥebs, syin ilaq ad yeǧǧ tamurt-is ad yeddu ɣer tmura nniḍen am Ingiliz. Dinna, yufa tiktiwin n yimusnawen am John Locke d Isaac Newton, i yernan ɣer usikel n tfelsafit-is. Mi d-yuɣal, ikemmel amennuɣ-is mgal tasnareft(tadiktaturt) d temsizzelt n usɣan, yerna yettara taɣdemt i wid yettwakerhen. === Talalit d Tmeẓyant === Ilul deg temdint n Paris deg useggas n 1694, deg yiwet n twacult tameẓyant maca ur nelli d igellil. Isem-is aḥeqqi François-Marie Arouet. Yekcem ɣer uɣerbaz n yimassanen anda yelmed tasekla d tfelsafit. Zik i d-yemmel times n yiles-is, yella yesɛa amussu d tektiwin i yessawalen ɣer tmuɣliwin timaynutin, i yessawalen mgal udabu n tgeldit. === Takurmut d Ubeddel n Yisem === Sabab n yimedyazen-is d wawalen-is i yessawalen mgal win ilan adabu, Voltaire yettwawwet ɣer tekurmut(''lḥebs'') n Bastille deg useggas n 1717. Deg takurmut-a, i yexdem isem-is amaynut Voltaire, yerna yura amezgun-is amezwaru i yessawalen Œdipe. Mi d-yeffeɣ, yuɣal d amusnaw yettwassnen deg Paris, maca yella yettnadi ɣef tilelli ur nelli deg tmurt-is. === Aserwel ɣer Ingiliz === Deg useggas n 1726, yekcem deg wemgaru d yiwen n uhaggar i yuran deg udabu. Akken ur itteddu ara ɣer takurmut tikelt nniḍen, yesserwel ɣer tmurt n Ingiliz. Tawella-a tbeddel-as tudert-is s lwudem ummid. Dinna, yufa-d timetti tatrart, tilelli n wawal, d tmuɣliwin n yimusnawen am John Locke d Isaac Newton. Yelmed ɣef tugdut, ɣef uqader n tmuɣliwin n wiyaḍ, d wamek i yezmer udabu ad yili d amsawi. Mi d-yuɣal ɣer Fransa, yura idlisen i yessawalen ɣef wayen i yelmed deg Ingiliz, i yessawalen mgal udabu n Fransa, dɣa idlisen-is ttwakerhen, netta yerwel ɣer tmurt nniḍen. === Tudert deg Cirey akked Émilie du Châtelet === Yufa-d rrefd deg temdint n Cirey akked Émilie du Châtelet, i yellan d tamussnawt tameqqrant deg tusnakt d tfizikt. Ttkemilen anadi deg tussniwin, deg tfelsafit, d wamek i yezmer umdan ad yissin agama s tameẓla. Tuɣalin-a d tallit n uselmed d unadi ameqqran, anda i yura aṭas n yimgraden ɣef tussniwin. === Tagelda n Prusse d Tuɣalin ɣer Fransa === Sakin n lmut n Émilie, Voltaire yedda ɣer tmurt n Prusse akked ugellid Frédéric II, i yellan d ameddukel-is. Maca, ɣef ljal n tmuɣliwin-is tilelliyin d yiles-is i yekkaten, ur qublen ara, ihi yerwel syin ɣer tmurt n Suisse. === Ferney d Umennuɣ ɣef Teɣdemt === Yezdeɣ deg temdint n Ferney, tama n tmurt n Suisse, i wazal n 20 n yiseggasen. Dinna, yuɣal d amerkanti, yerna yella yettara taɣdemt i wid yettwakerhen s yisem n usɣan neɣ udabu. Am temsalt n Jean Calas, anda i yennuɣ s tezmert-is akken ad d-yerr tamsawit i yiwen n urgaz yettwakerhen s uzref ur neṣfa. Yura aṭas n yidlisen am Candide d Umawal afelsafi, anda i yessaweḍ ad yessenɣes ɣef temsizzelt d temḥeqranit. === Taggara d Usmekti === Deg useggas n 1778, yuɣal ɣer Paris anda i t-qublen medden am umsellek, am uzamul n tilelli d tmeẓla. Maca, yemmut cwiṭ n wussan sakin. Ɣef sebba n tiktiwin-is, ur t-anflen ara ad yettwamḍel deg tmeqbert n yimasiḥiyen. Maca, deg tagrawla tafransist, asirem-is yuɣal d tilawt asmi i ttwaqqen iɣsan-is ɣer Panthéon, am uzamul n tilelli d wemdan i yennuɣen ɣef uzref n wawal d tamsawit. == Tiktiwin-is Tigejdanin == === '''Tilelli n wawal d usmeslay''': === Voltaire yumen belli yal amdan yesɛa azref ad yini tiktiwin-is war ma yegged kra. Yettwassen s wawal-is i d-yettwanan: "Ur qebleɣ ara ayen i d-teqqareḍ, maca ad nnaɣeɣ s tezmert-iw akken ad tesɛuḍ tilelli ad t-iniḍ." Tilelli n wawal d umeslay d yiwen seg yimukan igejdayen yakk deg tfelsafit n Voltaire. Yettwali belli tmetti ur tezmir ad tennerni, ur tezmir daɣen ad taweḍ ɣer tidet, war ma yal amdan yesɛa azref ad yini tiktiwin-is war ma yegged kra n wemciwer neɣ n uɛaqeb. ==== Amesten n tiktiwin n wiyaḍ ==== Voltaire yumen belli amennuɣ n tiktiwin s wawal d amennuɣ n talwit, yerna d netta i d abrid awḥid ɣer tidet. Tikti-s tameqqrant tettwagzem deg wawal-is ameqqran i yuɣalen d azamul deg umaḍal: "Ur qebleɣ ara tikti-k neɣ ayen i d-teqqareḍ, maca ad fkeɣ tudert-iw akken ad tesɛuḍ azref ad t-teqqareḍ." S wawal-a, yessaweḍ ad yezzi i yiri n tfelsafit, imi yerra tilelli n wawal d azref amaɣlal i yal amdan, ɣas ma tiktiwin-nni mgal tid-is. ==== Amennuɣ mgal tadrest ==== Deg tallit-is, adabu n tgeldit s wallal n usɣan yella yesseqdac tadrest ɣef yidlisen, yimgraden d yimeslayen. Voltaire yennuɣ mgal tadrest-a s tezmert-is meqqren. Yettwali belli tadrest d amrig n yidiktaturen akken ad ḥekmen timetti s wudm ur nelli d amsawi, ad rren talast ɣef wallaɣ n umdan. I lmend n waya, yura aṭas n yidlisen, timucuha d yimgraden s yismawen uffiren akken ad d-iwet ɣef udabu war ma yeɣli deg ufus n teɣdemt-nsen ur neṣfa, yerna akken ad yaweḍ wawal-is ɣer yimdanen. ==== Awal ilelli d amrig mgal tadankit ==== Deg tmuɣli-s, tilelli n wawal mačči d tanila kan i yimassanen neɣ i yimussnawen, maca d amrig amezwaru i umennuɣ mgal tadankit, temḥeqranit . Yumen belli ma yella wawal ilelli, imdanen ad izmiren ad skeflen tuccḍiwin n udabu, ad sutren taɣdemt, yerna ad snernin tussniwin. Awal ilelli d tafat i yessefk ad ifet tilas n wallaɣ, ad yili d amrig i wid yettwakerhen akken ad hudden asurif n yidiktaturen. ==== Tazrirt-is deg umaḍal atrar ==== Ass-a, tiktiwin n Voltaire ɣef tilelli n wawal llant d lsas n yizerfan n umdan. Timendawin n tugdut deg waṭas n tmura sɛant tanila-a am uzref agejdan. Kra n umdan i yennuɣen ass-a ɣef uzref-is ad yini ray-is, ad yeffeɣ ɣer ubrid ad yessuter azref-is, neɣ ad yaru deg yiẓeṭwan inmettiyen war ma yegged, yessaɣ tafat ɣef tfelsafit n Voltaire. Yettwaggez belli war tilelli n wawal, ulac tugdut, ulac taɣdemt, yerna ulac tanmert n tmetti. '''Tasemhuyt n usɣan''': Yenkeṛ tamḥeqranit gar yimdanen ɣef tmentilt n usɣan. Yura aṭas ɣef usentel-a akken ad immel belli asɣan ur ilaq ad yili d sebba n yimenɣi neɣ n temḥeqranit, yerna yal amdan yesɛa tilelli ad yaf aman-is deg usɣan i yextar. '''Tameẓla d Umeɣẓan''': Yettwali belli tameẓla d tafat i yessefk ad taweḍ yal amdan akken ad yefru uguren n tmetti, mačči d asɣan neɣ tarrayin tiqburin i yesderɣlen ɣef wallaɣ n umdan. '''Taɣdemt d Tamsawit''': Yennaɣ mgal taɣdemt ur nelli d tamsawit. Yessaweḍ ad yerr taɣdemt i yiwen umdan yettwakerhen s uzref ur neṣfa, i yessawalen ɣer ubeddel n unagraw n teɣdemt. == Tazrirt n tfelsafit-is deg umaḍal atrar == Tiktiwin n Voltaire sɛant tazrirt tameqqrant deg umaḍal n wass-a: '''Izerfan n Umdan''': Tiktiwin-is ɣef tilelli d tamsawit llant d lsas n uswenni agreɣlan n yizerfan n umdan d uɣerman. '''Tugdut d Talayakit''': Abrid i yeldi ɣer tugdut d talayakit, akken ad yili umdan d ilelli deg tmetti-is, ad yili umgarad gar usɣan d udabu. '''Tagrawla Tafransist''': Imelwiyen d yimussnawen n tagrawla tafransist ssemersen tiktiwin-is akken ad sneflen anagraw aqbur n tgeldit, ad snulfun tagduda. == Ayen yura == [[File:Voltaire - Élémens de la philosophie de Neuton.png|thumb|''Elémens de la philosophie de Neuton'', 1738]] '''Tifelseft''' ''':''' * Tibratin teflsafiyin (Lettres philosophiques), 1734 * Awal ɣef tissumḥa (Traité sur la tolérance),1763 * Amawal afelsafi (dctionnaire philosophiques), 1764 '''Amezruy''' ''':''' * Tin ugellid Henri (La Henriade), 1728 * Amezruy n Charles XII (L'histoire de Charles XII) ? 1731 * Lqern n l Louis XIV(Le siècle de Louis X1V),1751 * Awal ɣef wansayen (Essai sur les mœurs), 1741 '''Ungalen/Timuchuha''' ''':''' * Zadig, 1747 * Candide, 1759 * Micromégas (1752) * Ameḥruc (lIngénu),1767 ''' '''Tamedyezt'''''' ''':''' * Isefra ifelsafiyi d isefra isatranen (Poèmes philosophiques et poèmes satiriques), * Asefru ɣef twaɣit n Lisbun (Poème sur le désastre de Lisbonne), 1756 '''Tibratin''' ''':''' 6000 [[Taggayt:Amaru|Voltaire]] ljke5m9izpqmiuun1llw1is78x7dvo7 0 17495 116573 104453 2026-06-02T14:53:38Z Vsinaz 16232 116573 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Taznagt n Srayr''' (s [[tifinaɣ]]: '''ⵜⴰⵣⵏⴰⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵔⴰⵢⵔ''') d yiwet n [[tantala]] [[Tamaziɣt]] ttmeslayen s yis [[iznagen n srayer|Iznagen n Srayer]] deg tama n [[Arif|warif]] id yezgan s ugafa n [[ameṛṛuk]], Tantala ayyi tudes (teqreb) s waṭas ar [[Tutlayin timaziɣin n waṭlas|tutlaytin timaziɣin n waṭlas]] ɣas akken tettwasemdu s [[Tarifit|trifit]]. == Addad == Tantala taznagt d tin [[tutlayt yettwaggzen s ungar|yettwaggzen s ungar]] acku gran-d anagar n 50,000 neɣ 70,000 n ifganen i zeddiɣ (mazal) ttmeslayen s yis. == Imniren == {{refs}} {{tamaziɣt}} [[Taggayt:Tutlayin timaziɣin]] [[Taggayt:Tutlayin]] [[Taggayt:Tutlayin n Umeṛṛuk]] antrwpwoqyfmz3eox3pgim09qorman0 0 25487 116576 2026-06-03T10:10:21Z Gurzil90x 14292 Amagrad amaynut 116576 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Djoser cropped.jpg|vignette|Asebdad n Zuser deg usalay amaṣri n lqahira.]] '''Zuser'''(neɣ s tefransist: '''''Djoser'''''), i wumi yella yisem unṣib '''Netjerykhet''' (Awin yellan d lmaɛbud s yiman-is), d aferɛun n tɣerma tamaṣrit taqburt. D netta i d agellid amezwaru (neɣ wis sin ɣef leḥsab n kra n yimnadiyen) n twacult tis tlata (3ème dynastie) deg Tallit n Tgelda Taqburt (Ancien Empire). Tallit n lḥekm-is, i d-yellan gar 2667 d 2648 uqbel n Ɛisa, d tin i d-yewwin aṭas n tneflit (développement) d tmuɣliwin timaynutin deg tmetti, tadbelt, tadamsa, d tsegda. ocvy2tct2a33q4499rl8puhel4yv3po 116577 116576 2026-06-03T10:37:13Z Gurzil90x 14292 Arniɣ-d ayen ilaqen 116577 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Djoser cropped.jpg|vignette|Asebdad n Zuser deg usalay amaṣri n lqahira.]] '''Zuser'''(neɣ s tefransist: '''''Djoser'''''), i wumi yella yisem unṣib '''Netjerykhet''' (Awin yellan d lmaɛbud s yiman-is), d aferɛun n tɣerma tamaṣrit taqburt. D netta i d agellid amezwaru (neɣ wis sin ɣef leḥsab n kra n yimnadiyen) n twacult tis kraḍ deg Tallit n Tgelda Taqburt. Tallit n lḥekm-is, i d-yellan gar 2667 d 2648 uqbel n Ɛisa, d tin i d-yewwin aṭas n tneflit d tmuɣliwin timaynutin deg tmetti, tadbelt, tadamsa, d tsegda. == Tasegda d Tjenyurt == Aḥric ameqqran anida i d-yessekcem Zuser abeddel d ameqqran d aḥric n tsegda. Uqbel tallit-is, igelliden d yimdanen imeqqranen llan tmeṭṭlen-ten deg yiẓekwan i wumi qqaren "Mastaba", yebnan s wakal, s walluḍ d yigudar n usɣaṛ. S lmendad n umwazir-is d umsegdaw-is '''Imḥutep''' (Imhotep), Zuser yesbedd aẓekka ameqqran n weẓru: '''Tazamugt isuraf n Saqqara''' (''neɣ tazamugt n tseddarin n saqqara''). * '''Asnulfu n weẓru:''' Tazamugt-a tebna s yisuraf, tesɛa azal n 62 n yimetren deg teɣzi. Ayagi d asenfaṛ amezwaru deg umezruy n talsa i yebnan s weẓru aẓayan ur nrekku. * '''Asatal asɣanan:''' Tazamugt-a ur telli ara d aẓekka kan, maca d adeg asɣanan ameqqran yesɛan aṭas n tzeɣwa, tisraf, d temnaḍin n tẓallit daxel-is. == Tadbelt d Tdamsa == Deg tallit n Zuser, tadbelt tamaṣrit tewweḍ ɣer yiwet n tuzzgi d usemlal (''synthèse/centralisation'') ur nettwaẓri yakan. Awank yuɣal d amenzay, isebded lqedd-is s ddemma n yimsudden: * '''Tamanaɣt tamaynut:''' Agellid isebded tamanaɣt-is deg ''Memfis'' (Memphis), akken ad yili d amqerreb ɣer snat n temnaḍin n Maṣer (Maṣer Ufella d Maṣer Wadda) d useḥbiber ɣef umnekni gar-asent. * '''Tadamsa d Tnezzut:''' Ɣef leḥsab n tdamsa, Zuser issewseɛ tilisa n tmurt-is, yesnerna ayen d-itekken seg tnezzut. Yuzen isardasen d tzelgiwin ɣer tezgzirt n Sini (Sinaï) akken ad d-kksen iɣir d teẓruyin ɣlayen am turkwas (''turquoise''). Ayagi yefka-d isugam imeqqranen i uẓayar-is akken ad yebnu isenfaṛen idamsanen imeqqranen. == Asɣan d Tmuɣliwin == Deg uḥric n wasɣan, Djoser yesselḥaq aẓayeṛ n uferɛun ɣer tqacuct. Agellid yuɣal d ammudem n yilluten ɣef tugnit(lqaɛa). * [[Tugna:Zoser Pyramid (2347235367).jpg|vignette|Tazamugt n yisuraf(neɣ n tseddarin) deg saqqara]]'''Tazamugt am umatar:''' Tazamugt n yisuraf tella d amatar n tneflit tasɣanant. Tettwasenɛet am d isuraf (tiseddarin) ara yali uferɛun ɣer yigenni akken ad yelḥeq illuten, ladɣa ilu n yiṭij (''Ra''). * '''Tudert deffir tmettant:''' Abeddel seg tṣakkiwin tiḥerfiyin ɣer yiẓekwan n weẓru isbeggen-d tumnayt tamaṣrit lqayen ɣef tɣellist n ṛṛuḥ d tmanegt deffir tmettant. Aẓekka ameqqran d adeg n taggara i weglid akken ad yelḥeq imezwura-s s wudem uzzig. == Taẓuri d Yidles == Taẓuri deg tallit n Djoser tewweḍ ɣer yiwet n tɣara (''qualité'') yemgaraden ɣef zik. * '''Asefris n''' '''Zuser:''' Asebdad n Zuser i d-ufan deg yiwet n texxamt n uẓekka-s (iwumi qqaren ''Serdab'') d amedya amezwaru n usebdad n uferɛun s lqed-is ummid i d-yewwḍen ar ass-a. Asebdad-a isenɛet-d Zuser yeqqim ɣef usɣim n lḥekm, yelsa aɣenbur unṣib d ucekkuḥ n lḥekm, d ayen i d-yemmalen tamanegt d tnezmart n uferɛun. * '''Tira d Isekkilen:''' Tasekkirt n tira s yisekkilen iqedsanen (Hiéroglyphes) tebda tettaṭṭaf talɣa-s tankemmalt, tewweḍ ɣer uswir n tẓuri tusnawt yettwarun ɣef yigudar n yiẓekwan akken ad d-ḥkun tijmilin n ugellid. == Taggara == S umata, Zuser ur yelli ara kan d agellid i yebnan tazamugt tamezwarut, maca d netta i d-isbedden isuraf imezwura n tɣerma tamaṣrit tatrart. Tazamugt-is, tadbelt-is iqedcen, d tẓuri-s yeṣfan, d ayen i d-yessufɣen Maṣer taqburt seg tallit n wakal ɣer tallit n weẓru, tussna, d tmanegt i d-yeqqimen d azamul n tɣerma-a i yifḍen n yiseggasen. D tallit-is i d asatal lqayen i d-yefkan ifadden i yiferɛunen i d-itebɛen akken ad bnun tizamugin timeqqranin n Giza. 3n2gy66hqh8m9e1fklrddxd0vgfc0ji