Wikipedia kabwiki https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asebter_agejdan MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.5 first-letter Media Uslig Mmeslay Amseqdac Amyannan umsqedac Wikipedia Amyannan n Wikipedia Tugna Amyannan n tugna MediaWiki Amyannan n MediaWiki Talɣa Amyannan n talɣa Tallat Amyannan n tallat Taggayt Amyannan n taggayt Awwur Amyannan uwwur Asenfaṛ Amyannan usenfaṛ TimedText TimedText talk Module Discussion module Event Event talk Sujet 0 6047 116587 107088 2026-06-04T13:42:53Z ButterflyOFF 8191 116587 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Agaraw Amelwi''' d agaraw ameqran akk deg umaḍal, yezga-d gar tama tagmuḍant neɣ tacerqit n [[Asya]] ed [[Usṭralya]] akked tama tutrimt neɣ taɣerbit n Temrikt. Tajumma-ines 165 n yimelyunen n yikilumitren imkuẓen km2. [[Category:Tarakalt]][[Category:Agaraw]] imyxion6lbk2ixpoybxyn2i349dnj5b 0 6050 116586 87410 2026-06-04T13:40:07Z ButterflyOFF 8191 /* */ 116586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Agaraw Ahendi''' d yiwen seg [[Agaraw|yigarawen]] n [[tagnit|tegnit]]. Yezga-d gar 3 [[amenẓaw|imenẓawen]] ([[Tafriqt|Tefriqt]], [[Asya]] akked [[Usṭralya]]). Tajumma-ines tesduri azal 73.556.000 km², S wakka ad yili d agaraw ameqran wis 3 deg tjumma. == Tigzirin n ugaraw Ahendi == == Tasnamurt == == Tilisa == == Anezwu == == Tadamsa == == Amezruy == [[Category:Tarakalt]][[Category:Agaraw]] d4zirkwdvaokexeo72b8ano4hybxtre 116590 116586 2026-06-04T14:00:41Z ButterflyOFF 8191 116590 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Agaraw Ahendi''' d yiwen seg [[Agaraw|yigarawen]] n [[tagnit|tegnit]]. Yezga-d gar 3 [[amenẓaw|imenẓawen]] ([[Tafriqt|Tefriqt]], [[Asya]] akked [[Usṭralya]]). Tajumma-ines tesduri azal 73.556.000 km². S wakka, ad yili d agaraw ameqqran wis 3 deg tjumma. == Tigzirin n ugaraw Ahendi == == Tasnamurt == == Tilisa == == Anezwu == == Tadamsa == == Amezruy == [[Category:Tarakalt]][[Category:Agaraw]] palvavohojk1eu4ngxscgv9osmf07va 0 8541 116588 92353 2026-06-04T13:49:11Z ButterflyOFF 8191 116588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Agaraw Aṭlasi''' neɣ '''Agaraw Anaṭlas''' d yiwen seg yigarawen n umaḍal. Yezga-d gar [[Tamrikt|Temrikt]] (deg umalu), [[Turuft]] ed [[Tafriqt|Tefriqt]] (deg usammar). [[Category:Agaraw]] [[Category:Ilel]] [[Category:Tarakalt]] 7vv4sd5h87jkirewr5pbwb7s6hr86pf 0 12289 116593 116575 2026-06-05T11:07:47Z Gurzil90x 14292 aseɣti 116593 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox biography}} '''François-Marie Arouet''', iwumi qqaren '''Voltaire''', d amyaru afransis, yella daɣen d afelsafi ; ilul ass n 21/11/1694 di Paris, yemmut ass n 30/05/1778 ; yeǧǧa-d later meqqren deg lqern wis XIV imi d i d agensas n tfelsafit n tifawin, yerna yezga d netta i ḥemmlen iburrjwaten iṛumiyen ama qbel neɣ mi tɛedda tegrawla tafransist. S ubrid-is i d-yewwi mgal tiṭṭurfa tamasɣant (n ddin), amennuɣ-is yeqqen ugar ɣer tissumḥa d tlelli n wawal. Ma d tira-s teṭṭef-d deg umezgun, tamedyazt, amzruy, d tsekla-nniḍen yebḍan ɣef wungalen d tmucuha anda i d-yeggar tikta-s tfelsafiyin. Aɣanib-s seg wid iqewwan, tikwal yeslusuy-as kra usaran ; aya merra yerra-t d yiwen seg imyura icaɛen nezzeh di lqern wis XIV. Yerna ar tura mazal-is seg wid i d-beddren medden s tuget. == Tudert-is == Voltaire yekcem deg tudert n yidles d tsertit zik. Yura aṭas n yidlisen, timucuha, d yimgraden i yessawalen ɣer tilelli. Ɣef ljal n tiktiwin-is timaynutin, yekcem ɣer lḥebs, syin ilaq ad yeǧǧ tamurt-is ad yeddu ɣer tmura nniḍen am Ingiliz. Dinna, yufa tiktiwin n yimusnawen am John Locke d Isaac Newton, i yernan ɣer usikel n tfelsafit-is. Mi d-yuɣal, ikemmel amennuɣ-is mgal tasnareft(tadiktaturt) d temsizzelt n usɣan, yerna yettara taɣdemt i wid yettwakerhen. === Talalit d Tmeẓyant === Ilul deg temdint n Paris deg useggas n 1694, deg yiwet n twacult tameẓyant maca ur nelli d igellil. Isem-is aḥeqqi François-Marie Arouet. Yekcem ɣer uɣerbaz n yimassanen anda yelmed tasekla d tfelsafit. Zik i d-yemmel times n yiles-is, yella yesɛa amussu d tektiwin i yessawalen ɣer tmuɣliwin timaynutin, i yessawalen mgal udabu n tgeldit. === Takurmut d Ubeddel n Yisem === Sabab n yimedyazen-is d wawalen-is i yessawalen mgal win ilan adabu, Voltaire yettwawwet ɣer tekurmut(''lḥebs'') n Bastille deg useggas n 1717. Deg takurmut-a, i yexdem isem-is amaynut Voltaire, yerna yura amezgun-is amezwaru i yessawalen Œdipe. Mi d-yeffeɣ, yuɣal d amusnaw yettwassnen deg Paris, maca yella yettnadi ɣef tilelli ur nelli deg tmurt-is. === Aserwel ɣer Ingiliz === Deg useggas n 1726, yekcem deg wemgaru d yiwen n uhaggar i yuran deg udabu. Akken ur itteddu ara ɣer takurmut tikelt nniḍen, yesserwel ɣer tmurt n Ingiliz. Tawella-a tbeddel-as tudert-is s lwudem ummid. Dinna, yufa-d timetti tatrart, tilelli n wawal, d tmuɣliwin n yimusnawen am John Locke d Isaac Newton. Yelmed ɣef tugdut, ɣef uqader n tmuɣliwin n wiyaḍ, d wamek i yezmer udabu ad yili d amsawi. Mi d-yuɣal ɣer Fransa, yura idlisen i yessawalen ɣef wayen i yelmed deg Ingiliz, i yessawalen mgal udabu n Fransa, dɣa idlisen-is ttwakerhen, netta yerwel ɣer tmurt nniḍen. === Tudert deg Cirey akked Émilie du Châtelet === Yufa-d rrefd deg temdint n Cirey akked Émilie du Châtelet, i yellan d tamussnawt tameqqrant deg tusnakt d tfizikt. Ttkemilen anadi deg tussniwin, deg tfelsafit, d wamek i yezmer umdan ad yissin agama s tameẓla. Tuɣalin-a d tallit n uselmed d unadi ameqqran, anda i yura aṭas n yimgraden ɣef tussniwin. === Tagelda n Prusse d Tuɣalin ɣer Fransa === Sakin n lmut n Émilie, Voltaire yedda ɣer tmurt n Prusse akked ugellid Frédéric II, i yellan d ameddukel-is. Maca, ɣef ljal n tmuɣliwin-is tilelliyin d yiles-is i yekkaten, ur qublen ara, ihi yerwel syin ɣer tmurt n Suisse. === Ferney d Umennuɣ ɣef Teɣdemt === Yezdeɣ deg temdint n Ferney, tama n tmurt n Suisse, i wazal n 20 n yiseggasen. Dinna, yuɣal d amerkanti, yerna yella yettara taɣdemt i wid yettwakerhen s yisem n usɣan neɣ udabu. Am temsalt n Jean Calas, anda i yennuɣ s tezmert-is akken ad d-yerr tamsawit i yiwen n urgaz yettwakerhen s uzref ur neṣfa. Yura aṭas n yidlisen am Candide d Umawal afelsafi, anda i yessaweḍ ad yessenɣes ɣef temsizzelt d temḥeqranit. === Taggara d Usmekti === Deg useggas n 1778, yuɣal ɣer Paris anda i t-qublen medden am umsellek, am uzamul n tilelli d tmeẓla. Maca, yemmut cwiṭ n wussan sakin. Ɣef sebba n tiktiwin-is, ur t-anflen ara ad yettwamḍel deg tmeqbert n yimasiḥiyen. Maca, deg tagrawla tafransist, asirem-is yuɣal d tilawt asmi i ttwaqqen iɣsan-is ɣer Panthéon, am uzamul n tilelli d wemdan i yennuɣen ɣef uzref n wawal d tamsawit. == Tiktiwin-is Tigejdanin == === '''Tilelli n wawal d usmeslay''': === Voltaire yumen belli yal amdan yesɛa azref ad yini tiktiwin-is war ma yegged kra. Yettwassen s wawal-is i d-yettwanan: "Ur qebleɣ ara ayen i d-teqqareḍ, maca ad nnaɣeɣ s tezmert-iw akken ad tesɛuḍ tilelli ad t-iniḍ." Tilelli n wawal d umeslay d yiwen seg yimukan igejdayen yakk deg tfelsafit n Voltaire. Yettwali belli tmetti ur tezmir ad tennerni, ur tezmir daɣen ad taweḍ ɣer tidet, war ma yal amdan yesɛa azref ad yini tiktiwin-is war ma yegged kra n wemciwer neɣ n uɛaqeb. ==== Amesten n tiktiwin n wiyaḍ ==== Voltaire yumen belli amennuɣ n tiktiwin s wawal d amennuɣ n talwit, yerna d netta i d abrid awḥid ɣer tidet. Tikti-s tameqqrant tettwagzem deg wawal-is ameqqran i yuɣalen d azamul deg umaḍal: "Ur qebleɣ ara tikti-k neɣ ayen i d-teqqareḍ, maca ad fkeɣ tudert-iw akken ad tesɛuḍ azref ad t-teqqareḍ." S wawal-a, yessaweḍ ad yezzi i yiri n tfelsafit, imi yerra tilelli n wawal d azref amaɣlal i yal amdan, ɣas ma tiktiwin-nni mgal tid-is. ==== Amennuɣ mgal tadrest ==== Deg tallit-is, adabu n tgeldit s wallal n usɣan yella yesseqdac tadrest ɣef yidlisen, yimgraden d yimeslayen. Voltaire yennuɣ mgal tadrest-a s tezmert-is meqqren. Yettwali belli tadrest d amrig n yidiktaturen akken ad ḥekmen timetti s wudm ur nelli d amsawi, ad rren talast ɣef wallaɣ n umdan. I lmend n waya, yura aṭas n yidlisen, timucuha d yimgraden s yismawen uffiren akken ad d-iwet ɣef udabu war ma yeɣli deg ufus n teɣdemt-nsen ur neṣfa, yerna akken ad yaweḍ wawal-is ɣer yimdanen. ==== Awal ilelli d amrig mgal tadankit ==== Deg tmuɣli-s, tilelli n wawal mačči d tanila kan i yimassanen neɣ i yimussnawen, maca d amrig amezwaru i umennuɣ mgal tadankit, temḥeqranit . Yumen belli ma yella wawal ilelli, imdanen ad izmiren ad skeflen tuccḍiwin n udabu, ad sutren taɣdemt, yerna ad snernin tussniwin. Awal ilelli d tafat i yessefk ad ifet tilas n wallaɣ, ad yili d amrig i wid yettwakerhen akken ad hudden asurif n yidiktaturen. ==== Tazrirt-is deg umaḍal atrar ==== Ass-a, tiktiwin n Voltaire ɣef tilelli n wawal llant d lsas n yizerfan n umdan. Timendawin n tugdut deg waṭas n tmura sɛant tanila-a am uzref agejdan. Kra n umdan i yennuɣen ass-a ɣef uzref-is ad yini ray-is, ad yeffeɣ ɣer ubrid ad yessuter azref-is, neɣ ad yaru deg yiẓeṭwan inmettiyen war ma yegged, yessaɣ tafat ɣef tfelsafit n Voltaire. Yettwaggez belli war tilelli n wawal, ulac tugdut, ulac taɣdemt, yerna ulac tanmert n tmetti. '''Tilleli n usɣan''': Yenkeṛ tamḥeqranit gar yimdanen ɣef tmentilt n usɣan. Yura aṭas ɣef usentel-a akken ad immel belli asɣan ur ilaq ad yili d sebba n yimenɣi neɣ n temḥeqranit, yerna yal amdan yesɛa tilelli ad yaf aman-is deg usɣan i yextar. '''Tameẓla d Umeɣẓan''': Yettwali belli tameẓla d tafat i yessefk ad taweḍ yal amdan akken ad yefru uguren n tmetti, mačči d asɣan neɣ tarrayin tiqburin i yesderɣlen ɣef wallaɣ n umdan. '''Taɣdemt d Tamsawit''': Yennaɣ mgal taɣdemt ur nelli d tamsawit. Yessaweḍ ad yerr taɣdemt i yiwen umdan yettwakerhen s uzref ur neṣfa, i yessawalen ɣer ubeddel n unagraw n teɣdemt. == Tazrirt n tfelsafit-is deg umaḍal atrar == Tiktiwin n Voltaire sɛant tazrirt tameqqrant deg umaḍal n wass-a: '''Izerfan n Umdan''': Tiktiwin-is ɣef tilelli d tamsawit llant d lsas n uswenni agreɣlan n yizerfan n umdan d uɣerman. '''Tugdut d Talayakit''': Abrid i yeldi ɣer tugdut d talayakit, akken ad yili umdan d ilelli deg tmetti-is, ad yili umgarad gar usɣan d udabu. '''Tagrawla Tafransist''': Imelwiyen d yimussnawen n tagrawla tafransist ssemersen tiktiwin-is akken ad sneflen anagraw aqbur n tgeldit, ad snulfun tagduda. == Ayen yura == [[File:Voltaire - Élémens de la philosophie de Neuton.png|thumb|''Elémens de la philosophie de Neuton'', 1738]] '''Tifelseft''' ''':''' * Tibratin teflsafiyin (Lettres philosophiques), 1734 * Awal ɣef tissumḥa (Traité sur la tolérance),1763 * Amawal afelsafi (dctionnaire philosophiques), 1764 '''Amezruy''' ''':''' * Tin ugellid Henri (La Henriade), 1728 * Amezruy n Charles XII (L'histoire de Charles XII) ? 1731 * Lqern n l Louis XIV(Le siècle de Louis X1V),1751 * Awal ɣef wansayen (Essai sur les mœurs), 1741 '''Ungalen/Timuchuha''' ''':''' * Zadig, 1747 * Candide, 1759 * Micromégas (1752) * Ameḥruc (lIngénu),1767 ''' '''Tamedyezt'''''' ''':''' * Isefra ifelsafiyi d isefra isatranen (Poèmes philosophiques et poèmes satiriques), * Asefru ɣef twaɣit n Lisbun (Poème sur le désastre de Lisbonne), 1756 '''Tibratin''' ''':''' 6000 [[Taggayt:Amaru|Voltaire]] si76ldpqh6gf6dziu4hlze4gabl29sy 116594 116593 2026-06-05T11:21:40Z Gurzil90x 14292 Arniɣ-d ayen ilaqen 116594 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox biography}} '''François-Marie Arouet''', iwumi qqaren '''Voltaire''', d amyaru afransis, yella daɣen d afelsafi ; ilul ass n 21/11/1694 di Paris, yemmut ass n 30/05/1778 ; yeǧǧa-d later meqqren deg lqern wis XIV imi d i d agensas n tfelsafit n tifawin, yerna yezga d netta i ḥemmlen iburrjwaten iṛumiyen ama qbel neɣ mi tɛedda tegrawla tafransist. S ubrid-is i d-yewwi mgal tiṭṭurfa tamasɣant (n ddin), amennuɣ-is yeqqen ugar ɣer tissumḥa d tlelli n wawal. Ma d tira-s teṭṭef-d deg umezgun, tamedyazt, amzruy, d tsekla-nniḍen yebḍan ɣef wungalen d tmucuha anda i d-yeggar tikta-s tfelsafiyin. Aɣanib-s seg wid iqewwan, tikwal yeslusuy-as kra usaran ; aya merra yerra-t d yiwen seg imyura icaɛen nezzeh di lqern wis XIV. Yerna ar tura mazal-is seg wid i d-beddren medden s tuget. == Tudert-is == Voltaire yekcem deg tudert n yidles d tsertit zik. Yura aṭas n yidlisen, timucuha, d yimgraden i yessawalen ɣer tilelli. Ɣef ljal n tiktiwin-is timaynutin, yekcem ɣer lḥebs, syin ilaq ad yeǧǧ tamurt-is ad yeddu ɣer tmura nniḍen am Ingiliz. Dinna, yufa tiktiwin n yimusnawen am John Locke d Isaac Newton, i yernan ɣer usikel n tfelsafit-is. Mi d-yuɣal, ikemmel amennuɣ-is mgal tasnareft(tadiktaturt) d temsizzelt n usɣan, yerna yettara taɣdemt i wid yettwakerhen. === Talalit d Tmeẓyant === Ilul deg temdint n Paris deg useggas n 1694, deg yiwet n twacult tameẓyant maca ur nelli d igellil. Isem-is aḥeqqi François-Marie Arouet. Yekcem ɣer uɣerbaz n yimassanen anda yelmed tasekla d tfelsafit. Zik i d-yemmel times n yiles-is, yella yesɛa amussu d tektiwin i yessawalen ɣer tmuɣliwin timaynutin, i yessawalen mgal udabu n tgeldit. === Takurmut d Ubeddel n Yisem === Sabab n yimedyazen-is d wawalen-is i yessawalen mgal win ilan adabu, Voltaire yettwawwet ɣer tekurmut(''lḥebs'') n Bastille deg useggas n 1717. Deg takurmut-a, i yexdem isem-is amaynut Voltaire, yerna yura amezgun-is amezwaru i yessawalen Œdipe. Mi d-yeffeɣ, yuɣal d amusnaw yettwassnen deg Paris, maca yella yettnadi ɣef tilelli ur nelli deg tmurt-is. === Aserwel ɣer Ingiliz === Deg useggas n 1726, yekcem deg wemgaru d yiwen n uhaggar i yuran deg udabu. Akken ur itteddu ara ɣer takurmut tikelt nniḍen, yesserwel ɣer tmurt n Ingiliz. Tawella-a tbeddel-as tudert-is s lwudem ummid. Dinna, yufa-d timetti tatrart, tilelli n wawal, d tmuɣliwin n yimusnawen am John Locke d Isaac Newton. Yelmed ɣef tugdut, ɣef uqader n tmuɣliwin n wiyaḍ, d wamek i yezmer udabu ad yili d amsawi. Mi d-yuɣal ɣer Fransa, yura idlisen i yessawalen ɣef wayen i yelmed deg Ingiliz, i yessawalen mgal udabu n Fransa, dɣa idlisen-is ttwakerhen, netta yerwel ɣer tmurt nniḍen. === Tudert deg Cirey akked Émilie du Châtelet === Yufa-d rrefd deg temdint n Cirey akked Émilie du Châtelet, i yellan d tamussnawt tameqqrant deg tusnakt d tfizikt. Ttkemilen anadi deg tussniwin, deg tfelsafit, d wamek i yezmer umdan ad yissin agama s tameẓla. Tuɣalin-a d tallit n uselmed d unadi ameqqran, anda i yura aṭas n yimgraden ɣef tussniwin. === Tagelda n Prusse d Tuɣalin ɣer Fransa === Sakin n lmut n Émilie, Voltaire yedda ɣer tmurt n Prusse akked ugellid Frédéric II, i yellan d ameddukel-is. Maca, ɣef ljal n tmuɣliwin-is tilelliyin d yiles-is i yekkaten, ur qublen ara, ihi yerwel syin ɣer tmurt n Suisse. === Ferney d Umennuɣ ɣef Teɣdemt === Yezdeɣ deg temdint n Ferney, tama n tmurt n Suisse, i wazal n 20 n yiseggasen. Dinna, yuɣal d amerkanti, yerna yella yettara taɣdemt i wid yettwakerhen s yisem n usɣan neɣ udabu. Am temsalt n Jean Calas, anda i yennuɣ s tezmert-is akken ad d-yerr tamsawit i yiwen n urgaz yettwakerhen s uzref ur neṣfa. Yura aṭas n yidlisen am Candide d Umawal afelsafi, anda i yessaweḍ ad yessenɣes ɣef temsizzelt d temḥeqranit. === Taggara d Usmekti === Deg useggas n 1778, yuɣal ɣer Paris anda i t-qublen medden am umsellek, am uzamul n tilelli d tmeẓla. Maca, yemmut cwiṭ n wussan sakin. Ɣef sebba n tiktiwin-is, ur t-anflen ara ad yettwamḍel deg tmeqbert n yimasiḥiyen. Maca, deg tagrawla tafransist, asirem-is yuɣal d tilawt asmi i ttwaqqen iɣsan-is ɣer Panthéon, am uzamul n tilelli d wemdan i yennuɣen ɣef uzref n wawal d tamsawit. == Tiktiwin-is Tigejdanin == === '''Tilelli n wawal d usmeslay''': === Voltaire yumen belli yal amdan yesɛa azref ad yini tiktiwin-is war ma yegged kra. Yettwassen s wawal-is i d-yettwanan: "Ur qebleɣ ara ayen i d-teqqareḍ, maca ad nnaɣeɣ s tezmert-iw akken ad tesɛuḍ tilelli ad t-iniḍ." Tilelli n wawal d umeslay d yiwen seg yimukan igejdayen yakk deg tfelsafit n Voltaire. Yettwali belli tmetti ur tezmir ad tennerni, ur tezmir daɣen ad taweḍ ɣer tidet, war ma yal amdan yesɛa azref ad yini tiktiwin-is war ma yegged kra n wemciwer neɣ n uɛaqeb. ==== Amesten n tiktiwin n wiyaḍ ==== Voltaire yumen belli amennuɣ n tiktiwin s wawal d amennuɣ n talwit, yerna d netta i d abrid awḥid ɣer tidet. Tikti-s tameqqrant tettwagzem deg wawal-is ameqqran i yuɣalen d azamul deg umaḍal: "Ur qebleɣ ara tikti-k neɣ ayen i d-teqqareḍ, maca ad fkeɣ tudert-iw akken ad tesɛuḍ azref ad t-teqqareḍ." S wawal-a, yessaweḍ ad yezzi i yiri n tfelsafit, imi yerra tilelli n wawal d azref amaɣlal i yal amdan, ɣas ma tiktiwin-nni mgal tid-is. ==== Amennuɣ mgal tadrest ==== Deg tallit-is, adabu n tgeldit s wallal n usɣan yella yesseqdac tadrest ɣef yidlisen, yimgraden d yimeslayen. Voltaire yennuɣ mgal tadrest-a s tezmert-is meqqren. Yettwali belli tadrest d amrig n yidiktaturen akken ad ḥekmen timetti s wudm ur nelli d amsawi, ad rren talast ɣef wallaɣ n umdan. I lmend n waya, yura aṭas n yidlisen, timucuha d yimgraden s yismawen uffiren akken ad d-iwet ɣef udabu war ma yeɣli deg ufus n teɣdemt-nsen ur neṣfa, yerna akken ad yaweḍ wawal-is ɣer yimdanen. ==== Awal ilelli d amrig mgal tadankit ==== Deg tmuɣli-s, tilelli n wawal mačči d tanila kan i yimassanen neɣ i yimussnawen, maca d amrig amezwaru i umennuɣ mgal tadankit, temḥeqranit . Yumen belli ma yella wawal ilelli, imdanen ad izmiren ad skeflen tuccḍiwin n udabu, ad sutren taɣdemt, yerna ad snernin tussniwin. Awal ilelli d tafat i yessefk ad ifet tilas n wallaɣ, ad yili d amrig i wid yettwakerhen akken ad hudden asurif n yidiktaturen. ==== Tazrirt-is deg umaḍal atrar ==== Ass-a, tiktiwin n Voltaire ɣef tilelli n wawal llant d lsas n yizerfan n umdan. Timendawin n tugdut deg waṭas n tmura sɛant tanila-a am uzref agejdan. Kra n umdan i yennuɣen ass-a ɣef uzref-is ad yini ray-is, ad yeffeɣ ɣer ubrid ad yessuter azref-is, neɣ ad yaru deg yiẓeṭwan inmettiyen war ma yegged, yessaɣ tafat ɣef tfelsafit n Voltaire. Yettwaggez belli war tilelli n wawal, ulac tugdut, ulac taɣdemt, yerna ulac tanmert n tmetti. === '''Tilleli n usɣan''' === Yenkeṛ tamḥeqranit gar yimdanen ɣef tmentilt n usɣan. Yura aṭas ɣef usentel-a akken ad immel belli asɣan ur ilaq ad yili d sebba n yimenɣi neɣ n temḥeqranit, yerna yal amdan yesɛa tilelli ad yaf aman-is deg usɣan i yextar. Voltaire yumen belli asɣan ur ilaq ara ad yili d amrig n temḥeqranit, n tmettant neɣ n temsizzelt. Yura aṭas n yidlisen akken ad yessenqed ɣef temsalt-a, ladɣa tiwen udlis ɣef uqader n tlleli n usɣan, i yura deffir temsalt n Jean Calas. Argaz-a yettwakerhen s uzref ur neṣfa, yettwanɣa ɣef sseba usɣan-is. Dɣa, Voltaire yekker s tezmert-is mgal yisɣanen i yettaɣen adabu akken ad ḥekmen imdanen, ad ten-ssensen, neɣ ad ten-nɣen. Yessuter tilelli n tefrit, akken yal amdan ad yili d ilelli ad yamen s wayen i yextar, ad yefk azal i yisɣanen nniḍen war ma yegged kra n uɛaqeb. Yettwali belli imdanen meṛṛa d atmaten, d irawsanen zdat ugama, ur ilaq ara ad mgaraden neɣ ad mnaɣen ɣef sseba n tmuɣliwin-nsen ɣef Yakuc. ==== Talayakit d Amgarad gar Usɣan d Udabu ==== Tikti-s tameqqrant tella d amgarad ameqqran gar usɣan d udabu n uwanek. Yettwali belli ilugan n tmetti ur ilaq ara ad rsen ɣef yidasilen n usɣan. "Ssefsex tuɣrist" d awal-is ameqqran i yessawel akken ad yekkes tadankit n yimawalen n usɣan i yessawalen ɣer temsizzelt d yimenɣi. I Voltaire, asɣan ilaq ad yili deg wul n umdan d tefrit-is, mačči deg yisuɣan n udabu neɣ deg yilugan n teɣdemt. Awanek ilaq ad yili d amsawit gar yimdanen meṛṛa, acku asɣan-nsen yemgarad. === Aamuɣli-is ar Uẓayer n Usɣan deg Tmetti === Voltaire ur yelli ara d arakucan. Yella yettamen s Yakuc, maca s wudem n "usɣan agamawan". Yettwali Yakuc am umaskar amuqran i yexelqen amaḍal, syin yeǧǧa-t akken ad yeddu s yilugan n ugama d tussna. Ur yumin ara s yisɣanen yettwasanulfan s yimdanen, s yimira-nsen d tkerkas-nsen. Maca, ɣer Voltaire, asɣan ila tanfa tameqqrant deg tmetti i usenqed n imdanen. Yura: "Ma ur yelli ara Yakuc, ilaq ad t-snulfu tmetti". Yumen belli tikti n uɛaqeb n Yakuc deffir lmut d tin i yettḥettimen imdanen ad xedmen ayen yelhan, ad ḥadren ɣef yir tigawin, d tin i yettawin talwit gar medden. Asɣan, deg tmuɣli-s, d allal iwatan i tmetti akken ad teḥkem ɣef yir imdanen i ur nettaɣ ara i yilugan n tmetti. I yimegziyen d yimusnawen, tameẓla d tussna ad ten-yawin ɣer tidet d tumert. Maca i tmetti s umata, i medden ur nelmid ara aṭas, asɣan d amrig iwatan akken ad yili unagraw, taɣdemt d tmsawit. '''Tameẓla d Umeɣẓan''': Yettwali belli tameẓla d tafat i yessefk ad taweḍ yal amdan akken ad yefru uguren n tmetti, mačči d asɣan neɣ tarrayin tiqburin i yesderɣlen ɣef wallaɣ n umdan. '''Taɣdemt d Tamsawit''': Yennaɣ mgal taɣdemt ur nelli d tamsawit. Yessaweḍ ad yerr taɣdemt i yiwen umdan yettwakerhen s uzref ur neṣfa, i yessawalen ɣer ubeddel n unagraw n teɣdemt. == Tazrirt n tfelsafit-is deg umaḍal atrar == Tiktiwin n Voltaire sɛant tazrirt tameqqrant deg umaḍal n wass-a: '''Izerfan n Umdan''': Tiktiwin-is ɣef tilelli d tamsawit llant d lsas n uswenni agreɣlan n yizerfan n umdan d uɣerman. '''Tugdut d Talayakit''': Abrid i yeldi ɣer tugdut d talayakit, akken ad yili umdan d ilelli deg tmetti-is, ad yili umgarad gar usɣan d udabu. '''Tagrawla Tafransist''': Imelwiyen d yimussnawen n tagrawla tafransist ssemersen tiktiwin-is akken ad sneflen anagraw aqbur n tgeldit, ad snulfun tagduda. == Ayen yura == [[File:Voltaire - Élémens de la philosophie de Neuton.png|thumb|''Elémens de la philosophie de Neuton'', 1738]] '''Tifelseft''' ''':''' * Tibratin teflsafiyin (Lettres philosophiques), 1734 * Awal ɣef tissumḥa (Traité sur la tolérance),1763 * Amawal afelsafi (dctionnaire philosophiques), 1764 '''Amezruy''' ''':''' * Tin ugellid Henri (La Henriade), 1728 * Amezruy n Charles XII (L'histoire de Charles XII) ? 1731 * Lqern n l Louis XIV(Le siècle de Louis X1V),1751 * Awal ɣef wansayen (Essai sur les mœurs), 1741 '''Ungalen/Timuchuha''' ''':''' * Zadig, 1747 * Candide, 1759 * Micromégas (1752) * Ameḥruc (lIngénu),1767 ''' '''Tamedyezt'''''' ''':''' * Isefra ifelsafiyi d isefra isatranen (Poèmes philosophiques et poèmes satiriques), * Asefru ɣef twaɣit n Lisbun (Poème sur le désastre de Lisbonne), 1756 '''Tibratin''' ''':''' 6000 [[Taggayt:Amaru|Voltaire]] 4l00je6h8508vom44kvsuis05doqzfg 0 15789 116589 80168 2026-06-04T13:58:14Z ButterflyOFF 8191 116589 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Clouds_over_the_Atlantic_Ocean.jpg|thumb|250px|]] '''Agaraw''' (asget-ines '''''igarawen''''') d azgen ameqqran akk n [[Aman|tjumma n waman]] i d-yezzin i wakal n umaḍal. S wakka, tajumma n waman deg [[Tagnit (Amtiweg)|tegnit]] tewweḍ amḍan n 71% (510 n imelyan n km²). == Igarawen n umaḍal == == [[Agaraw Amelwi]] == == [[Agaraw Aṭlasi]] == == [[Agaraw Ahendi]] == == [[Agaraw Arkti]] == == [[Agaraw aẓulan|Agaraw Aẓulan]] == e6bawsr8cwzz0rkrw803f29saca0j3p 0 25489 116591 116585 2026-06-05T10:34:16Z Gurzil90x 14292 Arniɣ-d ayen ilaqen 116591 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Seated Statue of Hatshepsut MET Hatshepsut2012.jpg|vignette|Asebdad n Ḥatecpsut.]] '''Ḥatecpsut''' (Hatshepsut) d yiwet gar tgejdanin timeqqranin deg umezruy n Maṣer taqburt. Tella d aferɛun wis semmus n twacult tis mraw d tamt (18), teṭṭef adabu gar yiseggasen n 1478 akked 1458 uqbel n Ɛisa. Tettwassen nezzeh s talwit, taneflit n tdamsa, akked tsagda tameqrant i d-teǧǧa. Tawenza-s d yiwet gar tid yessewhamen maḍi deg umezruy amensay, imi d tameṭṭut i yewwḍen s aẓayeṛ n uferɛun ummid. == Anekcum ɣer Udabu d Uẓayeṛ-is == * '''Tameddurt tamenzut:''' Ḥatecpsut d yelli-s n uferɛun Tutmus Amezwaru (Thoutmôsis I) akked tgellidt Yeɛmes. * '''Azbu d Tenbaḍt:''' Mi yemmut urgaz-is, Tutmus Wis Sin (i yellan diɣen d gma-s s yiwet n tama), mmi-s n urgaz-is yellan d amekkasu — Tutmus Wis Kraḍ — yella d amecṭuḥ aṭas ur yezmir ara ad yenbaḍ. Ɣef waya, Ḥatecpsut teṭṭef adabu deg tazwara am tenbaḍt(tgellidt). * '''Asenɛet n Tnezmart:''' S kra n wakud, teffeɣ-d Ḥatecpsut akken ad terra iman-is d aferɛun unṣib. Deg tzelɣiwin d yisebdaden-is, tuɣal tettsunnuɣ iman-is s wudem n urgaz, tettlus tamart n yiferɛunen, akken ad tessebded aẓayeṛ-is sdat n ugdud, d yigaggen, akked yigensasen n tmurt. == Tanezzut akked Tdamsa == Tanbaḍt n Ḥatecpsut ur tbedd ara ɣef umgaru d uɣeṣṣab, maca tbedd ɣef usebɣer n tdamsa akked tnezzut. * [[Tugna:Il tempio di Hatshepsut.JPG|vignette|Afakan n "Deir el-Bahari' n Ḥatecpsut]]'''Tizelgi ɣer tmurt n Punt:''' Tessekker yiwet n tzelgi tameqqrant s lbabuṛat ɣer tmurt n Punt (i d-yezgan ahat deg tmurt n Ṣumal n tura). Tizelgi-a d tin i d-yewwin tamanegt d tameqqrant i Maṣer. * '''Isuɣam:''' Tizelgi-a tekcem-d s waṭas n tɣawsiwin ixuṣṣen deg Maṣer, am lebxur, ureɣ, iselman iberkanen, iɣsan n yilew, akked yisekla n lmir (myrrhe). Ayagi yefka-d tazmert d usfari ufrir i tdamsa n tmurt-is. == Tasɣaliyt d Lebni == Ḥatecpsut teǧǧa-d aṭas n yimataren n tnezmart-is deg taɣult n lebni d tsɣaliyt, i yellan d timudmin i lqernat i d-itebɛen: * '''Deir el-Bahari (Djeser-Djeseru):''' D afakan n tẓallit d usemḍel-is i d-yezgan s rrif n yiɣraben n wedrar. Tettuneḥsab d yiwet gar tɣawsiwin yufraren i yessewhamen deg tsɣaliyt n umaḍal aqbur, s tseddarin-is timeqranin akked teɣriwen-is tisemlalin. * '''Isebdaden n Karnak:''' Tessuli aṭas n yisebdaden (obélisques) isawnen deg Karnak, i yellan d inigan ɣef lǧehd akked lhiba n tgelda-s. == Tagara d Umḥu n Yisem-is == Mi temmut Ḥatecpsut (ahat deg 1458 u.Ɛ), Tutmus Wis Kraḍ yeṭṭef adabu s wudem unṣib. * '''Tukkest n Yisem-is:''' Kra n yiseggasen s deffir n lmut-is, Tutmus yebda yiwet n temhelt akken ad yemḥu isem-is seg yisebtar n umezruy. Ismawen-is ttwekksen seg yiɣraben, isebdaden-is ttwarẓen, dɣa isem-is yettwakkes seg tsiḍent n yiferɛunen. Iswi yella d usfari n tmezwarut i uḥric n yergazen deg tewsit. * '''Asnirem d Tuɣalin:''' Ɣas akken llan wid yebɣan ad tt-rren ɣer tatut, imnadiyen n tesenzikt tatrart ufan-d aṭas n yimataren d isemliyen i d-yemmalen tilin-is. Ass-a, tuɣal d azamul n tebɣest, tettwassen d yiwet gar tigellidin timeqranin maḍi n umezruy alsan. 42msveckf8v5q88q1i3je55qp10eb8a 0 25490 116592 2026-06-05T10:52:23Z Gurzil90x 14292 Amagrad amaynut 116592 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Neanderthal at AMNH.jpg|vignette|Taɣessa yiɣes n wamek yella umdan n niyundirṭal]] '''Amdan n Niyundirṭal''' (''Homo neanderthalensis'' neɣ ''Homo sapiens neanderthalensis'') d yiwet n telmest n yemdanen i inegren i yeddren deg Uruppa, Asya Talemmast, akked Usamar Alemmas. Tallit-nsen tebda-d wazal n 400 000 iseggasen aya, yerna ngran wazal n 40 000 iseggasen aya. Isem-a yekka-d seg rreḥba n Neanderthal deg tmurt n Lalman, anda i d-ufan iɣsan-is imezwura deg useggas n 1856. Zik-nni, llan ttwalin-t d amdan aqbur ur nesɛi allaɣ yuẓan ɣer zdat, maca tussniwin n tallit-a tatrart sbeggrent-d belli d amdan yettaṭṭafen amkan yelhan deg tmetti, yesɛa idles, yerna yezmer ad d-yesnulfu allalen yelhan. s9nw4ub4n07mrmq9mdgngpl5ahgbueh