Tutlayt taqbaylit

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    <title>Tutlayt taqbaylit</title>
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    <id>34</id>
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        <id>8191</id>
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      <comment>Asseɣti s useqdec n &quot;b&quot; bilabiale and no dental &quot;v&quot;.</comment>
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      <text bytes="8843" sha1="t0b8bs0n592j0ehvzy5alvn9rh95ekj" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox language
| name = Taqbaylit
| nativename = {{Audio|Kab-Taqbaylit.ogg|'''Taqbaylit'''}}
| states = [[https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamurt_n_Leqbayel Tamurt n Leqbayel|Tamurt n Yiqbayliyen]] [[Lezzayer]], [[Fṛansa]], [[Kanada]]
| region = [[https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamurt_n_Leqbayel Tamurt n Leqbvayel|Tamurt n Yiqbayliyen]]
| ethnicity = [[Leqbayel|Iqbayliyen]]
| speakers = 12 n yimelyan
| date = 2024
| ref = e21
| familycolor = Afro-Asiatic
| fam2 = [[Tutlayin tifrusyawiyin n ugafa|Tutlayin tifrusyawiyin n ugafa]]
:*[[Tutlayin Proto tisamiyin|Tutlayin Proto tisamiyin]]
::*[[Tutlayin timaziɣin|Tamaziɣt]]
| fam3 = [[Tamaziɣt n ugafa|Timaziɣin n ufella]]
| iso2 = kab
| iso3 = kab
| glotto = kaby1243
| glottorefname = Kabyle
| script = [[Agemmay Amaziɣ Alatin|Agemmay Alatini]] &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.radioalgerie.dz/news/fr/article/20180109/130683.html|title=Nouria Benghabrit : l'enseignement de Tamazight sera élargi à 10 autres wilayas et bénéficiera de 300 nouveaux postes budgétaires|website=Rafio Algérienne|quote=la graphie Tifinagh pour le Targui, Latine pour la Kabylie et Arabe pour le M’Zab et les Aurès}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| map = Kabyle_language_percent_speakers.png
| mapcaption = Afmiḍi n wid i yettemmeslayen taqbaylit
| notice = IPA
}}

'''Taqbaylit''' ''(tettwasusru-d : /θæqβæjliːθ/)''  d [[tutlayt]] i t-mmeslayen [[Leqbayel|Yiqbayliyen]] n Tmurt n [[Iqbayliyen|Yiqbayliyen]], n [[Lezzayer]], n [[Fransa|Fṛansa]], n [[Kanada]] akked wid n tmura-nniḍen n umaḍal. 

Tutlayt taqbaylit tettekki ɣer [[Adrum asnilsan|udrum asnilsan]] i wumi qqaṛen ''zik n zik-nni'' [[Tabiṛbiṛt]] ; ''tuɣal'' [[Tamaziɣt]] ; ''tura sawalen-asent'' [[Tutlayin timaziɣin|Tutlayin Timaziɣin]]. ''Tawacult tutlayant Tamaziɣt'', tettekki ɣer twacult tameqqṛant [[Tutlayin tifrusyawiyin|Tafrasyawit.]]

== Amezruy n wayen i yuran s teqbaylit ==
Adlis amenzu i d-yeffɣen s Teqbaylit d win yura [[Adolphe Hanoteau]] ɣef tuɣac n [[Ǧerǧer]] deg useggas n 1867,  deffir-is d [[Auguste Mouliéras]] yuran sin n [[adlis|yidlisen]] ɣef [[tamacahut|tmucuha]] n Tmurt n Yiqbayeliyen gar n [[aseggas|yiseggasen]] n 1891, 1893 d 1895, akked [[Ɛmer u Saɛid Bulifa|Bulifa]] i yuran adlis ɣef yisefra n [[Si Muḥend u Mḥend]] deg useggas n 1904.

Imir-nni, uran [[Ifransiwen|Yifṛansisen]] kra n yidlisen ɣef tmucuha d yisefra n Yiqbayliyen. [[Ungal]] amenzu yettwarun s Teqbaylit d win yura [[Belɛid At Ɛli]] deg yiseggasen 1940. 

Adlis i as-yefkan ilugan iṛessan n tjerrumt i teqbaylit d win yura [[Mulud Mɛemmri|Mulud n At Mɛemmeṛ]]. [[Kamal U Zerrad]] netta yerna-d ɣef umahil n Dda Lmulud i wakken ad d-iṛessi ugar ilugan n tjerrumt n tutlayt-a. 

Iseggasen-a ineggura ffɣen-d azal n 400 en yidlisen s teqbaylit, gar ammuden n yisefra, tullisin akked ungalen. 

Taqbaylit asmi i d-kecmen Yifṛansisen ar tmura timaziɣin n [[Tafrikt en Ugafa|Tefriqt n ugafa]] tella tettwameslay deg yiwet n temnaḍt meqqṛen azal n snat n tikkal tamnaḍt n Yizwawen (Leqbayel) n wass-a. 

Seg tudrin i d-yezzin i [[Mila]], teṛṛeḍ ar tid n yidurar n [[Lḥuḍna]], idurar n [[Ṣṭif]], idurar n [[Jijel]], [[Msila]] d wezray ar Tmurt n Leqbayel n wass-a, [[At Wartilan]], [[At Yeɛla]], akked iderma n temnaḍt n [[Bgayet]], n [[Tubiret|Tubirett]] akked wid n [[Tizi Wezzu]] d [[Bumerdas]].

[[File:Aires linguistiques du nord-est algérien.svg|thumb|Asideg n tutlayt taqbaylit d tutlayt [[tacawit]] deg usammar n [[Zzayer|Lezzayer]]]] 

Imir Ifṛansisen ttekkan ɣef lquyyad akked ibacaɣaten akken ad qehren agdud. Kksen akal i wid yellan zedɣen anda yella wakal yelhan i tyerza, kra snegren-t, kra snejlan-t. 

Fkan akal-nni i Lquyyad. Lquyyad-agi akked ibacaɣaten d wid yeɣran [[Tutlayt taɛrabt|taɛṛabt]], Ifṛansiwen llan lemden [[taɛrabt]] akken ad ttemyarun d lquyyad-a, imezdaɣ yeqqimen d aklan deg tmurt-nsen yeqqim-asen-d kan ad ḍefren almi i d-ufan iman-nsen ttun tutlayt-nsen, akken i asen-iṛuḥ wakal-nsen, ǧǧan iman-nsen tuɣ fell-asen taɛṛabt am akken werǧin mmeslayen-d taqbaylit. Ihi akka i teqqurmeḍ tjumma anda tettwameslay teqbaylit ass-a.

I izemren ad t-iḥudden ɣef ungar d tira akked tayri d wazal ad as-d-fken warraw-is. Ma tenger teqbaylit ad d-negren Yiqbayliyen, ad d-qqimen imdanen war idles, ad asen-teḍru am tebrikt yettun tikli n tyaziḍt, tin n tsekkurt ur as-tewwiḍ ara. Ttbut ɣef aya, ad d-iɣer kan yiwen amek d-gran wid akken yettun tutlayt-nsen uɣen tutlayt nniḍen anda yewweḍ wazal-nsen. Win i d-yusan ad ten-yenher am ulli.

== Agemmay unṣib n tutlayt taqbaylit&lt;ref&gt;Kamel Bouamara, Brahim Hamek, M.A Mahrouche, Z. Meksem, A. Rabehi, Mustapha Tidjet (2009), ''Ilugan n tira n tmaziɣt - Manuel de notation de tamazight, pp.17-18,'' Ed. iman-nneɣ. (ISBN : 9947-819- 07-8)&lt;/ref&gt; ==
Isekkilen n ugemmay swayes nettaru taqbaylit, d wid n tlatinit, anagar sin-a : '''ɣ''' d '''ε''', i d-yekkan seg tegrikt. Isekkilen yettawin aɛeqqa ddaw-nsen, nettaru yes-sen imesla ufayen, anagar '''ḥ'''. Isekkilen yettawin akafu nnig-nsen, nettaru yes-sen izegnaggaɣen imezgiyen n '''c''' d '''j'''. Isekkilen '''''[o], [p], [b],''''' nettaru yes-sen imesla yezgan deg wawalen imnekcamen n umalu, imesla ur nelli deg unagraw asnilsan n teqbaylit. Asekkil '''u''', azal-is d win n tuget n tutlayin n umalu ('''ou''' deg tefransist). 

Agemmay atrar n tutlayt taqbaylit yesɛa '''36''' d asekkil :

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Isekkilen imeqqṛanen d yisekkilen imeẓẓyanen n ugemmay unṣib n tutlayt taqbaylit
!A
!B
!C
!Č
!D
!Ḍ
!E
!F
!G
!Ǧ
!H
!Ḥ
!I
!J
!K
!L
!M
!N
!O
!P
!Q
!R
!Ṛ
!S
!Ṣ
!T
!Ṭ
!U
!V
!W
!X
!Y
!Z
!Ẓ
!Ɛ
!Ɣ
|-
!a
!b
!c
!č
!d
!ḍ
!e
!f
!g
!ǧ
!h
!ḥ
!i
!j
!k
!l
!m
!n
!o
!p
!q
!r
!ṛ
!s
!ṣ
!t
!ṭ
!u
!v
!w
!x
!y
!z
!ẓ
!ɛ
!ɣ
|}
== Ilugan n tira n tutlayt taqbaylit &lt;ref&gt;Kamel Bouamara, Brahim Hamek, M.A Mahrouche, Z. Meksem, A. Rabehi, Mustapha Tidjet (2009), ''Ilugan n tira n tmaziɣt - Manuel de notation de tamazight, pp.19'' Ed. iman-nneɣ. (ISBN : 9947-819- 07-8)&lt;/ref&gt; ==

=== '''Alug amezwaru :''' ===
Yal imesli(ṣṣut) nettaru-t s yiwen n usekkil, d aḥerfi neɣ d ussid ; anda yebɣu yili deg wawal, talɣa-s yiwet : – Ama deg tazwara n wawal : '''yezwar, zwir.''' – Ama deg tlemmast-is : '''tayri, Lezzayer'''. – Ama ɣer taggara n wawal : '''aggay, argaz.''' 

=== '''Alug wis sin :''' ===
Imesli ussid yettwaray s usiknew n usekkil : tame'''ṭṭ'''ut, tame'''dd'''urt, taze'''mm'''urt, ye'''ṛṛ'''eẓ, ize'''gg'''er, '''dd'''u , '''kk'''er, atg. 

Llant snat n taggayin n tussda : tin n '''tnumi''' d tin n '''tjerrumt :''' 

'''Tussda n tnumi :''' Tussda deg wawal, nettaru-tt akken i nuɣ tanumi nsell-as. Maca tanumi-a temxallaf seg tama ɣer tayeḍ, seg taddart ɣer tayeḍ, tikwal seg umdan ɣer wayeḍ. Tifrat n wugur-a : d asegzawal ara aɣ-d-yemlen anda tella, d wanda ur telli tussda. Tussda-a, tella deg : 

* '''Ismawen''' : tile'''ll'''i, u'''zz'''al, u'''ff'''al, '''dd'''eqs, atg. ''Deg yismawen i d-yekkan seg taεrabt, wid ibeddun s yisekkilen n yiṭij, deg tmaziɣt, asekkil amezwaru yezga d ussid'' : '''ss'''if, '''ṭṭ'''bel, '''zz'''it, '''ṭṭ'''ir, '''ṭṭ'''bib, '''nn'''if, '''rr'''if, '''nn'''efs, atg. 
* Imyagen yesɛan yiwet n tergalt – war tiɣri) : e'''kk''', e'''rr''', e'''ǧǧ''', atg. – ''d teɣri'' : '''zz'''i, '''dd'''u, '''ss'''u, atg. ''+ ilan(isɛan) snat (neɣ ugar) n tergalin'' – ''war tiɣri'' : '''cc'''eḍ, '''cc'''ef, '''dd'''em, '''dd'''er, '''ff'''er, '''kk'''er, '''kk'''es, de'''gg'''er, '''qq'''eṛs, '''ṭṭ'''erḍeq, atg. ''– d yiwet n teɣri'' : '''gg'''al, se'''qq'''i, a'''zz'''el, mle'''ll'''i, atg. ''– d snat n teɣra'' : '''dd'''uri, i'''ss'''in, '''gg'''uni, atg.


''Ẓer:'' ''daɣen [[Tifinaɣ]],'' [[Asekkil n Tamaziɣt taqburt|''Asekkil n Tamaziɣt taqburt'']], ''d [[Tutlayt tanumidt|Tutlayt n Numidya/Tanumidt]]''

==Tansiwin Web==
*http://www.imyura.net {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812220445/http://www.imyura.net/ |date=2013-08-12 }}

==Umuɣ n yidlisen==
* Si Amar ou Saïd Boulifa, ''Recueil de poésies kabyles. Texte zouaoua traduit, annoté et précédé d'une étude sur la femme kabyle et d'une notice sur le chant kabyle (airs de musique)'', Alger, 1904, 555 is. (taẓrigt tis 2 Alger-Paris, 1990, ISBN 2-906659-00-04)
* Adolphe Hanoteau, ''Poésies Populaires de la Kabylie du Jurjura'', Paris, Imp. impériale, 1867 [http://gallica.bnf.fr/Catalogue/noticesInd/FRBNF30574685.htm (aḍris es pdf)]
* Auguste Mouliéras, ''Les Fourberies de Si Djeh'a'', Wehran, Perrier, 1891 
* Auguste Mouliéras, ''Légendes et contes merveilleux de la Grande Kabylie'', Paris 1893-1895 [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k104520h (aḍris es pdf)]

== Tiwelhiwin ==
{{refs}}

{{Tamaziɣt}}

[[Category:Tutlayin timaziɣin|Q]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-22T11:44:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ButterflyOFF</username>
        <id>8191</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Timerna n IPA.</comment>
      <origin>116688</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8911" sha1="n2r2y8gmkkqv57s4wxnxdvaf9t54nhh" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox language
| name = Taqbaylit
| nativename = {{Audio|Kab-Taqbaylit.ogg|'''Taqbaylit'''}}
| pronunciation    = {{IPA|ber|θɐqβæjlɪθ||Kab-Taqbaylit.ogg}}
| states = [[https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamurt_n_Leqbayel Tamurt n Leqbayel|Tamurt n Yiqbayliyen]] [[Lezzayer]], [[Fṛansa]], [[Kanada]]
| region = [[https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamurt_n_Leqbayel Tamurt n Leqbvayel|Tamurt n Yiqbayliyen]]
| ethnicity = [[Leqbayel|Iqbayliyen]]
| speakers = 12 n yimelyan
| date = 2024
| ref = e21
| familycolor = Afro-Asiatic
| fam2 = [[Tutlayin tifrusyawiyin n ugafa|Tutlayin tifrusyawiyin n ugafa]]
:*[[Tutlayin Proto tisamiyin|Tutlayin Proto tisamiyin]]
::*[[Tutlayin timaziɣin|Tamaziɣt]]
| fam3 = [[Tamaziɣt n ugafa|Timaziɣin n ufella]]
| iso2 = kab
| iso3 = kab
| glotto = kaby1243
| glottorefname = Kabyle
| script = [[Agemmay Amaziɣ Alatin|Agemmay Alatini]] &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.radioalgerie.dz/news/fr/article/20180109/130683.html|title=Nouria Benghabrit : l'enseignement de Tamazight sera élargi à 10 autres wilayas et bénéficiera de 300 nouveaux postes budgétaires|website=Rafio Algérienne|quote=la graphie Tifinagh pour le Targui, Latine pour la Kabylie et Arabe pour le M’Zab et les Aurès}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| map = Kabyle_language_percent_speakers.png
| mapcaption = Afmiḍi n wid i yettemmeslayen taqbaylit
| notice = IPA
}}

'''Taqbaylit''' ''(tettwasusru-d : /θæqβæjliːθ/)''  d [[tutlayt]] i t-mmeslayen [[Leqbayel|Yiqbayliyen]] n Tmurt n [[Iqbayliyen|Yiqbayliyen]], n [[Lezzayer]], n [[Fransa|Fṛansa]], n [[Kanada]] akked wid n tmura-nniḍen n umaḍal. 

Tutlayt taqbaylit tettekki ɣer [[Adrum asnilsan|udrum asnilsan]] i wumi qqaṛen ''zik n zik-nni'' [[Tabiṛbiṛt]] ; ''tuɣal'' [[Tamaziɣt]] ; ''tura sawalen-asent'' [[Tutlayin timaziɣin|Tutlayin Timaziɣin]]. ''Tawacult tutlayant Tamaziɣt'', tettekki ɣer twacult tameqqṛant [[Tutlayin tifrusyawiyin|Tafrasyawit.]]

== Amezruy n wayen i yuran s teqbaylit ==
Adlis amenzu i d-yeffɣen s Teqbaylit d win yura [[Adolphe Hanoteau]] ɣef tuɣac n [[Ǧerǧer]] deg useggas n 1867,  deffir-is d [[Auguste Mouliéras]] yuran sin n [[adlis|yidlisen]] ɣef [[tamacahut|tmucuha]] n Tmurt n Yiqbayeliyen gar n [[aseggas|yiseggasen]] n 1891, 1893 d 1895, akked [[Ɛmer u Saɛid Bulifa|Bulifa]] i yuran adlis ɣef yisefra n [[Si Muḥend u Mḥend]] deg useggas n 1904.

Imir-nni, uran [[Ifransiwen|Yifṛansisen]] kra n yidlisen ɣef tmucuha d yisefra n Yiqbayliyen. [[Ungal]] amenzu yettwarun s Teqbaylit d win yura [[Belɛid At Ɛli]] deg yiseggasen 1940. 

Adlis i as-yefkan ilugan iṛessan n tjerrumt i teqbaylit d win yura [[Mulud Mɛemmri|Mulud n At Mɛemmeṛ]]. [[Kamal U Zerrad]] netta yerna-d ɣef umahil n Dda Lmulud i wakken ad d-iṛessi ugar ilugan n tjerrumt n tutlayt-a. 

Iseggasen-a ineggura ffɣen-d azal n 400 en yidlisen s teqbaylit, gar ammuden n yisefra, tullisin akked ungalen. 

Taqbaylit asmi i d-kecmen Yifṛansisen ar tmura timaziɣin n [[Tafrikt en Ugafa|Tefriqt n ugafa]] tella tettwameslay deg yiwet n temnaḍt meqqṛen azal n snat n tikkal tamnaḍt n Yizwawen (Leqbayel) n wass-a. 

Seg tudrin i d-yezzin i [[Mila]], teṛṛeḍ ar tid n yidurar n [[Lḥuḍna]], idurar n [[Ṣṭif]], idurar n [[Jijel]], [[Msila]] d wezray ar Tmurt n Leqbayel n wass-a, [[At Wartilan]], [[At Yeɛla]], akked iderma n temnaḍt n [[Bgayet]], n [[Tubiret|Tubirett]] akked wid n [[Tizi Wezzu]] d [[Bumerdas]].

[[File:Aires linguistiques du nord-est algérien.svg|thumb|Asideg n tutlayt taqbaylit d tutlayt [[tacawit]] deg usammar n [[Zzayer|Lezzayer]]]] 

Imir Ifṛansisen ttekkan ɣef lquyyad akked ibacaɣaten akken ad qehren agdud. Kksen akal i wid yellan zedɣen anda yella wakal yelhan i tyerza, kra snegren-t, kra snejlan-t. 

Fkan akal-nni i Lquyyad. Lquyyad-agi akked ibacaɣaten d wid yeɣran [[Tutlayt taɛrabt|taɛṛabt]], Ifṛansiwen llan lemden [[taɛrabt]] akken ad ttemyarun d lquyyad-a, imezdaɣ yeqqimen d aklan deg tmurt-nsen yeqqim-asen-d kan ad ḍefren almi i d-ufan iman-nsen ttun tutlayt-nsen, akken i asen-iṛuḥ wakal-nsen, ǧǧan iman-nsen tuɣ fell-asen taɛṛabt am akken werǧin mmeslayen-d taqbaylit. Ihi akka i teqqurmeḍ tjumma anda tettwameslay teqbaylit ass-a.

I izemren ad t-iḥudden ɣef ungar d tira akked tayri d wazal ad as-d-fken warraw-is. Ma tenger teqbaylit ad d-negren Yiqbayliyen, ad d-qqimen imdanen war idles, ad asen-teḍru am tebrikt yettun tikli n tyaziḍt, tin n tsekkurt ur as-tewwiḍ ara. Ttbut ɣef aya, ad d-iɣer kan yiwen amek d-gran wid akken yettun tutlayt-nsen uɣen tutlayt nniḍen anda yewweḍ wazal-nsen. Win i d-yusan ad ten-yenher am ulli.

== Agemmay unṣib n tutlayt taqbaylit&lt;ref&gt;Kamel Bouamara, Brahim Hamek, M.A Mahrouche, Z. Meksem, A. Rabehi, Mustapha Tidjet (2009), ''Ilugan n tira n tmaziɣt - Manuel de notation de tamazight, pp.17-18,'' Ed. iman-nneɣ. (ISBN : 9947-819- 07-8)&lt;/ref&gt; ==
Isekkilen n ugemmay swayes nettaru taqbaylit, d wid n tlatinit, anagar sin-a : '''ɣ''' d '''ε''', i d-yekkan seg tegrikt. Isekkilen yettawin aɛeqqa ddaw-nsen, nettaru yes-sen imesla ufayen, anagar '''ḥ'''. Isekkilen yettawin akafu nnig-nsen, nettaru yes-sen izegnaggaɣen imezgiyen n '''c''' d '''j'''. Isekkilen '''''[o], [p], [b],''''' nettaru yes-sen imesla yezgan deg wawalen imnekcamen n umalu, imesla ur nelli deg unagraw asnilsan n teqbaylit. Asekkil '''u''', azal-is d win n tuget n tutlayin n umalu ('''ou''' deg tefransist). 

Agemmay atrar n tutlayt taqbaylit yesɛa '''36''' d asekkil :

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Isekkilen imeqqṛanen d yisekkilen imeẓẓyanen n ugemmay unṣib n tutlayt taqbaylit
!A
!B
!C
!Č
!D
!Ḍ
!E
!F
!G
!Ǧ
!H
!Ḥ
!I
!J
!K
!L
!M
!N
!O
!P
!Q
!R
!Ṛ
!S
!Ṣ
!T
!Ṭ
!U
!V
!W
!X
!Y
!Z
!Ẓ
!Ɛ
!Ɣ
|-
!a
!b
!c
!č
!d
!ḍ
!e
!f
!g
!ǧ
!h
!ḥ
!i
!j
!k
!l
!m
!n
!o
!p
!q
!r
!ṛ
!s
!ṣ
!t
!ṭ
!u
!v
!w
!x
!y
!z
!ẓ
!ɛ
!ɣ
|}
== Ilugan n tira n tutlayt taqbaylit &lt;ref&gt;Kamel Bouamara, Brahim Hamek, M.A Mahrouche, Z. Meksem, A. Rabehi, Mustapha Tidjet (2009), ''Ilugan n tira n tmaziɣt - Manuel de notation de tamazight, pp.19'' Ed. iman-nneɣ. (ISBN : 9947-819- 07-8)&lt;/ref&gt; ==

=== '''Alug amezwaru :''' ===
Yal imesli(ṣṣut) nettaru-t s yiwen n usekkil, d aḥerfi neɣ d ussid ; anda yebɣu yili deg wawal, talɣa-s yiwet : – Ama deg tazwara n wawal : '''yezwar, zwir.''' – Ama deg tlemmast-is : '''tayri, Lezzayer'''. – Ama ɣer taggara n wawal : '''aggay, argaz.''' 

=== '''Alug wis sin :''' ===
Imesli ussid yettwaray s usiknew n usekkil : tame'''ṭṭ'''ut, tame'''dd'''urt, taze'''mm'''urt, ye'''ṛṛ'''eẓ, ize'''gg'''er, '''dd'''u , '''kk'''er, atg. 

Llant snat n taggayin n tussda : tin n '''tnumi''' d tin n '''tjerrumt :''' 

'''Tussda n tnumi :''' Tussda deg wawal, nettaru-tt akken i nuɣ tanumi nsell-as. Maca tanumi-a temxallaf seg tama ɣer tayeḍ, seg taddart ɣer tayeḍ, tikwal seg umdan ɣer wayeḍ. Tifrat n wugur-a : d asegzawal ara aɣ-d-yemlen anda tella, d wanda ur telli tussda. Tussda-a, tella deg : 

* '''Ismawen''' : tile'''ll'''i, u'''zz'''al, u'''ff'''al, '''dd'''eqs, atg. ''Deg yismawen i d-yekkan seg taεrabt, wid ibeddun s yisekkilen n yiṭij, deg tmaziɣt, asekkil amezwaru yezga d ussid'' : '''ss'''if, '''ṭṭ'''bel, '''zz'''it, '''ṭṭ'''ir, '''ṭṭ'''bib, '''nn'''if, '''rr'''if, '''nn'''efs, atg. 
* Imyagen yesɛan yiwet n tergalt – war tiɣri) : e'''kk''', e'''rr''', e'''ǧǧ''', atg. – ''d teɣri'' : '''zz'''i, '''dd'''u, '''ss'''u, atg. ''+ ilan(isɛan) snat (neɣ ugar) n tergalin'' – ''war tiɣri'' : '''cc'''eḍ, '''cc'''ef, '''dd'''em, '''dd'''er, '''ff'''er, '''kk'''er, '''kk'''es, de'''gg'''er, '''qq'''eṛs, '''ṭṭ'''erḍeq, atg. ''– d yiwet n teɣri'' : '''gg'''al, se'''qq'''i, a'''zz'''el, mle'''ll'''i, atg. ''– d snat n teɣra'' : '''dd'''uri, i'''ss'''in, '''gg'''uni, atg.


''Ẓer:'' ''daɣen [[Tifinaɣ]],'' [[Asekkil n Tamaziɣt taqburt|''Asekkil n Tamaziɣt taqburt'']], ''d [[Tutlayt tanumidt|Tutlayt n Numidya/Tanumidt]]''

==Tansiwin Web==
*http://www.imyura.net {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812220445/http://www.imyura.net/ |date=2013-08-12 }}

==Umuɣ n yidlisen==
* Si Amar ou Saïd Boulifa, ''Recueil de poésies kabyles. Texte zouaoua traduit, annoté et précédé d'une étude sur la femme kabyle et d'une notice sur le chant kabyle (airs de musique)'', Alger, 1904, 555 is. (taẓrigt tis 2 Alger-Paris, 1990, ISBN 2-906659-00-04)
* Adolphe Hanoteau, ''Poésies Populaires de la Kabylie du Jurjura'', Paris, Imp. impériale, 1867 [http://gallica.bnf.fr/Catalogue/noticesInd/FRBNF30574685.htm (aḍris es pdf)]
* Auguste Mouliéras, ''Les Fourberies de Si Djeh'a'', Wehran, Perrier, 1891 
* Auguste Mouliéras, ''Légendes et contes merveilleux de la Grande Kabylie'', Paris 1893-1895 [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k104520h (aḍris es pdf)]

== Tiwelhiwin ==
{{refs}}

{{Tamaziɣt}}

[[Category:Tutlayin timaziɣin|Q]]</text>
      <sha1>n2r2y8gmkkqv57s4wxnxdvaf9t54nhh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>116689</id>
      <parentid>116688</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-22T11:47:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ButterflyOFF</username>
        <id>8191</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add IPA</comment>
      <origin>116689</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8915" sha1="dda6lm2zh5rek02rjud8f5gsynd10gf" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox language
| name = Taqbaylit
| nativename = {{Audio|Kab-Taqbaylit.ogg|'''Taqbaylit'''}}
| pronunciation    = {{IPA|ber|θɐqβæjlɪθ||Kab-Taqbaylit.ogg}}
| states = [[https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamurt_n_Leqbayel Tamurt n Leqbayel|Tamurt n Yiqbayliyen]] [[Lezzayer]], [[Fṛansa]], [[Kanada]]
| region = [[https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamurt_n_Leqbayel Tamurt n Leqbvayel|Tamurt n Yiqbayliyen]]
| ethnicity = [[Leqbayel|Iqbayliyen]]
| speakers = 12 n yimelyan
| date = 2024
| ref = e21
| familycolor = Afro-Asiatic
| fam2 = [[Tutlayin tifrusyawiyin n ugafa|Tutlayin tifrusyawiyin n ugafa]]
:*[[Tutlayin Proto tisamiyin|Tutlayin Proto tisamiyin]]
::*[[Tutlayin timaziɣin|Tamaziɣt]]
| fam3 = [[Tamaziɣt n ugafa|Timaziɣin n ufella]]
| iso2 = kab
| iso3 = kab
| glotto = kaby1243
| glottorefname = Kabyle
| script = [[Agemmay Amaziɣ Alatin|Agemmay Alatini]] &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.radioalgerie.dz/news/fr/article/20180109/130683.html|title=Nouria Benghabrit : l'enseignement de Tamazight sera élargi à 10 autres wilayas et bénéficiera de 300 nouveaux postes budgétaires|website=Rafio Algérienne|quote=la graphie Tifinagh pour le Targui, Latine pour la Kabylie et Arabe pour le M’Zab et les Aurès}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| map = Kabyle_language_percent_speakers.png
| mapcaption = Afmiḍi n wid i yettemmeslayen taqbaylit
| notice = IPA
}}

'''Taqbaylit''' ''(tettwasusru-d {{MSAPI|θæqβæjliθ}})''  d [[tutlayt]] i t-mmeslayen [[Leqbayel|Yiqbayliyen]] n Tmurt n [[Iqbayliyen|Yiqbayliyen]], n [[Lezzayer]], n [[Fransa|Fṛansa]], n [[Kanada]] akked wid n tmura-nniḍen n umaḍal. 

Tutlayt taqbaylit tettekki ɣer [[Adrum asnilsan|udrum asnilsan]] i wumi qqaṛen ''zik n zik-nni'' [[Tabiṛbiṛt]] ; ''tuɣal'' [[Tamaziɣt]] ; ''tura sawalen-asent'' [[Tutlayin timaziɣin|Tutlayin Timaziɣin]]. ''Tawacult tutlayant Tamaziɣt'', tettekki ɣer twacult tameqqṛant [[Tutlayin tifrusyawiyin|Tafrasyawit.]]

== Amezruy n wayen i yuran s teqbaylit ==
Adlis amenzu i d-yeffɣen s Teqbaylit d win yura [[Adolphe Hanoteau]] ɣef tuɣac n [[Ǧerǧer]] deg useggas n 1867,  deffir-is d [[Auguste Mouliéras]] yuran sin n [[adlis|yidlisen]] ɣef [[tamacahut|tmucuha]] n Tmurt n Yiqbayeliyen gar n [[aseggas|yiseggasen]] n 1891, 1893 d 1895, akked [[Ɛmer u Saɛid Bulifa|Bulifa]] i yuran adlis ɣef yisefra n [[Si Muḥend u Mḥend]] deg useggas n 1904.

Imir-nni, uran [[Ifransiwen|Yifṛansisen]] kra n yidlisen ɣef tmucuha d yisefra n Yiqbayliyen. [[Ungal]] amenzu yettwarun s Teqbaylit d win yura [[Belɛid At Ɛli]] deg yiseggasen 1940. 

Adlis i as-yefkan ilugan iṛessan n tjerrumt i teqbaylit d win yura [[Mulud Mɛemmri|Mulud n At Mɛemmeṛ]]. [[Kamal U Zerrad]] netta yerna-d ɣef umahil n Dda Lmulud i wakken ad d-iṛessi ugar ilugan n tjerrumt n tutlayt-a. 

Iseggasen-a ineggura ffɣen-d azal n 400 en yidlisen s teqbaylit, gar ammuden n yisefra, tullisin akked ungalen. 

Taqbaylit asmi i d-kecmen Yifṛansisen ar tmura timaziɣin n [[Tafrikt en Ugafa|Tefriqt n ugafa]] tella tettwameslay deg yiwet n temnaḍt meqqṛen azal n snat n tikkal tamnaḍt n Yizwawen (Leqbayel) n wass-a. 

Seg tudrin i d-yezzin i [[Mila]], teṛṛeḍ ar tid n yidurar n [[Lḥuḍna]], idurar n [[Ṣṭif]], idurar n [[Jijel]], [[Msila]] d wezray ar Tmurt n Leqbayel n wass-a, [[At Wartilan]], [[At Yeɛla]], akked iderma n temnaḍt n [[Bgayet]], n [[Tubiret|Tubirett]] akked wid n [[Tizi Wezzu]] d [[Bumerdas]].

[[File:Aires linguistiques du nord-est algérien.svg|thumb|Asideg n tutlayt taqbaylit d tutlayt [[tacawit]] deg usammar n [[Zzayer|Lezzayer]]]] 

Imir Ifṛansisen ttekkan ɣef lquyyad akked ibacaɣaten akken ad qehren agdud. Kksen akal i wid yellan zedɣen anda yella wakal yelhan i tyerza, kra snegren-t, kra snejlan-t. 

Fkan akal-nni i Lquyyad. Lquyyad-agi akked ibacaɣaten d wid yeɣran [[Tutlayt taɛrabt|taɛṛabt]], Ifṛansiwen llan lemden [[taɛrabt]] akken ad ttemyarun d lquyyad-a, imezdaɣ yeqqimen d aklan deg tmurt-nsen yeqqim-asen-d kan ad ḍefren almi i d-ufan iman-nsen ttun tutlayt-nsen, akken i asen-iṛuḥ wakal-nsen, ǧǧan iman-nsen tuɣ fell-asen taɛṛabt am akken werǧin mmeslayen-d taqbaylit. Ihi akka i teqqurmeḍ tjumma anda tettwameslay teqbaylit ass-a.

I izemren ad t-iḥudden ɣef ungar d tira akked tayri d wazal ad as-d-fken warraw-is. Ma tenger teqbaylit ad d-negren Yiqbayliyen, ad d-qqimen imdanen war idles, ad asen-teḍru am tebrikt yettun tikli n tyaziḍt, tin n tsekkurt ur as-tewwiḍ ara. Ttbut ɣef aya, ad d-iɣer kan yiwen amek d-gran wid akken yettun tutlayt-nsen uɣen tutlayt nniḍen anda yewweḍ wazal-nsen. Win i d-yusan ad ten-yenher am ulli.

== Agemmay unṣib n tutlayt taqbaylit&lt;ref&gt;Kamel Bouamara, Brahim Hamek, M.A Mahrouche, Z. Meksem, A. Rabehi, Mustapha Tidjet (2009), ''Ilugan n tira n tmaziɣt - Manuel de notation de tamazight, pp.17-18,'' Ed. iman-nneɣ. (ISBN : 9947-819- 07-8)&lt;/ref&gt; ==
Isekkilen n ugemmay swayes nettaru taqbaylit, d wid n tlatinit, anagar sin-a : '''ɣ''' d '''ε''', i d-yekkan seg tegrikt. Isekkilen yettawin aɛeqqa ddaw-nsen, nettaru yes-sen imesla ufayen, anagar '''ḥ'''. Isekkilen yettawin akafu nnig-nsen, nettaru yes-sen izegnaggaɣen imezgiyen n '''c''' d '''j'''. Isekkilen '''''[o], [p], [b],''''' nettaru yes-sen imesla yezgan deg wawalen imnekcamen n umalu, imesla ur nelli deg unagraw asnilsan n teqbaylit. Asekkil '''u''', azal-is d win n tuget n tutlayin n umalu ('''ou''' deg tefransist). 

Agemmay atrar n tutlayt taqbaylit yesɛa '''36''' d asekkil :

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Isekkilen imeqqṛanen d yisekkilen imeẓẓyanen n ugemmay unṣib n tutlayt taqbaylit
!A
!B
!C
!Č
!D
!Ḍ
!E
!F
!G
!Ǧ
!H
!Ḥ
!I
!J
!K
!L
!M
!N
!O
!P
!Q
!R
!Ṛ
!S
!Ṣ
!T
!Ṭ
!U
!V
!W
!X
!Y
!Z
!Ẓ
!Ɛ
!Ɣ
|-
!a
!b
!c
!č
!d
!ḍ
!e
!f
!g
!ǧ
!h
!ḥ
!i
!j
!k
!l
!m
!n
!o
!p
!q
!r
!ṛ
!s
!ṣ
!t
!ṭ
!u
!v
!w
!x
!y
!z
!ẓ
!ɛ
!ɣ
|}
== Ilugan n tira n tutlayt taqbaylit &lt;ref&gt;Kamel Bouamara, Brahim Hamek, M.A Mahrouche, Z. Meksem, A. Rabehi, Mustapha Tidjet (2009), ''Ilugan n tira n tmaziɣt - Manuel de notation de tamazight, pp.19'' Ed. iman-nneɣ. (ISBN : 9947-819- 07-8)&lt;/ref&gt; ==

=== '''Alug amezwaru :''' ===
Yal imesli(ṣṣut) nettaru-t s yiwen n usekkil, d aḥerfi neɣ d ussid ; anda yebɣu yili deg wawal, talɣa-s yiwet : – Ama deg tazwara n wawal : '''yezwar, zwir.''' – Ama deg tlemmast-is : '''tayri, Lezzayer'''. – Ama ɣer taggara n wawal : '''aggay, argaz.''' 

=== '''Alug wis sin :''' ===
Imesli ussid yettwaray s usiknew n usekkil : tame'''ṭṭ'''ut, tame'''dd'''urt, taze'''mm'''urt, ye'''ṛṛ'''eẓ, ize'''gg'''er, '''dd'''u , '''kk'''er, atg. 

Llant snat n taggayin n tussda : tin n '''tnumi''' d tin n '''tjerrumt :''' 

'''Tussda n tnumi :''' Tussda deg wawal, nettaru-tt akken i nuɣ tanumi nsell-as. Maca tanumi-a temxallaf seg tama ɣer tayeḍ, seg taddart ɣer tayeḍ, tikwal seg umdan ɣer wayeḍ. Tifrat n wugur-a : d asegzawal ara aɣ-d-yemlen anda tella, d wanda ur telli tussda. Tussda-a, tella deg : 

* '''Ismawen''' : tile'''ll'''i, u'''zz'''al, u'''ff'''al, '''dd'''eqs, atg. ''Deg yismawen i d-yekkan seg taεrabt, wid ibeddun s yisekkilen n yiṭij, deg tmaziɣt, asekkil amezwaru yezga d ussid'' : '''ss'''if, '''ṭṭ'''bel, '''zz'''it, '''ṭṭ'''ir, '''ṭṭ'''bib, '''nn'''if, '''rr'''if, '''nn'''efs, atg. 
* Imyagen yesɛan yiwet n tergalt – war tiɣri) : e'''kk''', e'''rr''', e'''ǧǧ''', atg. – ''d teɣri'' : '''zz'''i, '''dd'''u, '''ss'''u, atg. ''+ ilan(isɛan) snat (neɣ ugar) n tergalin'' – ''war tiɣri'' : '''cc'''eḍ, '''cc'''ef, '''dd'''em, '''dd'''er, '''ff'''er, '''kk'''er, '''kk'''es, de'''gg'''er, '''qq'''eṛs, '''ṭṭ'''erḍeq, atg. ''– d yiwet n teɣri'' : '''gg'''al, se'''qq'''i, a'''zz'''el, mle'''ll'''i, atg. ''– d snat n teɣra'' : '''dd'''uri, i'''ss'''in, '''gg'''uni, atg.


''Ẓer:'' ''daɣen [[Tifinaɣ]],'' [[Asekkil n Tamaziɣt taqburt|''Asekkil n Tamaziɣt taqburt'']], ''d [[Tutlayt tanumidt|Tutlayt n Numidya/Tanumidt]]''

==Tansiwin Web==
*http://www.imyura.net {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812220445/http://www.imyura.net/ |date=2013-08-12 }}

==Umuɣ n yidlisen==
* Si Amar ou Saïd Boulifa, ''Recueil de poésies kabyles. Texte zouaoua traduit, annoté et précédé d'une étude sur la femme kabyle et d'une notice sur le chant kabyle (airs de musique)'', Alger, 1904, 555 is. (taẓrigt tis 2 Alger-Paris, 1990, ISBN 2-906659-00-04)
* Adolphe Hanoteau, ''Poésies Populaires de la Kabylie du Jurjura'', Paris, Imp. impériale, 1867 [http://gallica.bnf.fr/Catalogue/noticesInd/FRBNF30574685.htm (aḍris es pdf)]
* Auguste Mouliéras, ''Les Fourberies de Si Djeh'a'', Wehran, Perrier, 1891 
* Auguste Mouliéras, ''Légendes et contes merveilleux de la Grande Kabylie'', Paris 1893-1895 [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k104520h (aḍris es pdf)]

== Tiwelhiwin ==
{{refs}}

{{Tamaziɣt}}

[[Category:Tutlayin timaziɣin|Q]]</text>
      <sha1>dda6lm2zh5rek02rjud8f5gsynd10gf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tizumag n Maṣer Taqbut</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>25492</id>
    <revision>
      <id>116686</id>
      <parentid>116664</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-22T10:52:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Gurzil90x</username>
        <id>14292</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Arniɣ-d ayen ilaqen</comment>
      <origin>116686</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5554" sha1="imwm2g2zf71xckvx4yx4r8ticcq8jmf" xml:space="preserve">[[Tugna:All Gizah Pyramids.jpg|vignette|Ameẓdu n tzamugin n Giza.]]
'''Tizamugin''' (asuf: tazamugt ) n Maṣer taqbut d yiwen seg yizamulen (azamul ) imeqqranen n tɣerma tamiẓrant. Bnant zik s wudem n yijaddaren (ajaddar ) neɣ n tqerrabin (taqerrabt ) akken ad gen daxel-nsent igelliden (agellid ) n Maṣer, i wumi qqaren Iferɛunen. Akud ameqqran n lebni-nsent yella-d deg tallit taqburt n umezruy n Maṣer, ladɣa gar tasuta tis 3 d tis 6. D asenfar  ameqqran i d-yewwin aṭas n tmusniwin d tezmert n wemdan.

== Tasegda d Tusnakt ==
Deg wayen yeɛnan tasegda d usali n tzamugin, Iferɛunen sseqdacen tussniwin lqayen, ladɣa deg taɣult n tusnakt d tanzeggit.

* Tazamugt tebna ɣef uzadur  (lsas) yesɛan talɣa n umkuẓ.
* Ɣef yidisan, tesɛa ukuẓ n yikerdisen (akerdis ) i d-yemlilin deg yiwet n tqacuct.
* Tizamugin tiqburin sɛant tasekta d ubleɣ ameqqran aṭas, i d-yessawden ad fkent tahuski  i lebni-nsent.
* Iferɛunen sbedden tizamugin-nsen s twelha yettwaqesden ɣer tneqqiḍin tigejdayin  (Agafa, Anẓul, Amalu, Agmuḍ) s tseddi  tameqqrant.
Tasegda d tusnakt deg lebni n tzamugin n Maṣer taqbut ur llint ara d ayen i d-yusan s wudem agacuran, maca d agemmuḍ n tmusniwin lqayen i sɛan yimaṣriyen n tallit-nni. Iferɛunen sseqdacen tanzeggit d tusnakt s telqayt akken ad sbedden iẓekwan-a imeqqranen. Azadur n tzamugt yebna ɣef umkuẓ imnekdi, anda tiɣemmar-is d tid i d-yemcabahen s tseddi tamagdazt. Yal idis seg ukuẓ-nni yesɛa talɣa n ukerdis i d-yemlilin ɣer yiwet n tqacuct. Ayen issewhamen ugar d akken talɣut d wazalen n tzamugin-a, ladɣa tin n Xufu, mtawan aṭas ɣer wazalen isnakiyen imeqqranen. Imnadiyen n umezruy mazal ttqelliben deg yisemliyen iqburen akken ad fehmen ugar ɣef tarrayin s wacu d-wwin asiḍen-a(leḥsab-a), d wamek i ssawḍen ad sbedden idɣaɣen s yiwen n uktili ur nesɛi amgirred.

Ɣef wayen yeɛnan tasegda n lebni s timmad-is, taẓayt n yidɣaɣen d wamek i ten-sbedden d ayen yessutren asiḍen ameqqran. Akken ad ssawḍen idɣaɣen-nni ẓayen aṭas ɣer tqacuct, sseqdacen tarrayin n tmekanikt yecban tamṣukt n urfad d yikarkaren s wacu i d-jebbden iḥedran n yidɣaɣen. Tizamugin ur llint ara d lebni awḥid i d-yezzin i yiman-is kan deg tneẓruft, maca d aḥric seg unagraw ameqqran n tzeɣwa. Ɣer tama n tzamugt, leqmen-d yidgan nniḍen i yesɛan azal ameqqran, am ufakan anda i d-ttilin yisaragen d usideg n tẓallit i ugellid-nni i d-yemmuten. Afakan-a yesɛa tuqqna tusridt ɣer tzamugt, yettili d tasurift tagejdant deg walluy n rruḥ n uferɛun ɣer yigenni.

Deg taggara, ma nmuqel ɣer tuqqna yellan gar uẓayer n tzamugin d tesnallunt, ad naf belli imaṣriyen n Maṣer sbedden-tent s twelha yettwaqesden ɣer tneqqiḍin tigejdayin n wakal: Agafa, Anẓul, Amalu akked Ugmuḍ. Taseddi tamagdazt n uwelleh-a tebna ɣef tmusni n yetran akked wamek i d-tberrun yitran deg yigenni. S tmuɣli nsen i d-itezzin ɣef tfukt d yetran imeqqranen, ssawḍen ad rreṣṣin lsas n lebni-nsen. Asali n yijaddaren-a d ayen yessutren tamusni ur nfennu deg tsengama d tusnakt, ayen i d-yettbegginen tizemmar timassanin i d-yeǧǧa umezruy-nsen akken ad idiren i lebda deg tcfawt n talsa.

== Asɣan d Tmettant ==
Deg tmetti n Maṣer taqburt, asɣan  yesɛa azal ameqqran deg tudert n yal ass.

* Tazamugt ur telli ara d aẓekka kan, maca d allal  fakan i walluy n rruḥ n ugellid ɣer yigenni.
* Iferɛunen uminen s tmeddurt deffir n tmettant.
* Akken ad tedder rruḥ-nni, ilaq tafekka  ad teqqim ur tenger ara, ɣef waya i tt-ḥerzen akken iwata send tanṭelt.
Deg tɣerma n Maṣer taqburt, asɣan ur yelli ara d asfukel kan n wayen i d-yezzin i wemdan neɣ d ansayen s wacu d-ttmektayen iẓuran-nsen, maca d lsas ameqqran ɣef wacu tebna tmetti meṛṛa. Ayagi yettban-d s wudem lqayen deg wayen yerzan tamettant d tekti n wemdan ɣef taggara n tudert-is. Iferɛunen ur uminen ara belli tamettant d taggara n tudert neɣ d afna n wemdan. Ɣur-sen, d tasurift kan neɣ d abrid ara yawin agellid ɣer yiwet n tudert nniḍen i ten-yugaren deg tehri, yiwet n tudert yerzan tamagdazt n yigenni. Ɣef waya, ayen akk bnan, ayen akk farsen, d wayen akk xedmen yezzi ɣef tikti-a n tmeddurt deffir n tmettant, anda agellid ad yuɣal d aḥric seg yitran d yigelliden imeqqranen.

Akken ad d-teḍru tuɣalin-a ɣer tudert tabadut, imaṣriyen n zik d yimassanen n usɣan fkan azal ameqqran i tfekka n wemdan. Uminen belli rruḥ n wemdan, i wumi qqaren &quot;Ka&quot; (tanezmart n tudert) akked &quot;Ba&quot; (timanit), yesri tafekka taɣarawt ɣer wacu ara d-yuɣal i lebda. Ma yella tenger tfekka-nni neɣ terka, rruḥ ad yijli deg tallunt ur yettissin ara amkan-is, yerna ur yezmir ara ad ikemmel abrid-is. Ɣef aya i d-sbedden tarrayt lqayen i weḥraz n tfekka (mummification), i yellan d tamhelt tasnujjant d tesɣanit deg yiwet n teswiɛt. Sseqdacen isafaren d yimengiyen yemgaraden akken ad ḥerzen tafekka n uferɛun ur tetteɣmay ara, iwakken ad teqqim tettwaḥrez i uɛeddi-s ɣer wamaḍal n ddaw-akal. Tamhelt-a ur telli ara d aḥraz kan n weksum, maca d tasekkirt lqayen yettwawellhen s tẓalliyin d yisefra akken ad sifsusen azaglu n tuɣalin n rruḥ.

== Tizamugin Tixatarin ==
Llant aṭas n tzamugin deg Maṣer, maca tiggi d tid i d-yufraren:

* '''Tazamugt n Xufu (Khéops):''' D yiwet seg tmerwin n ddunit taqburt, d nettat i d tameqqrant akk.
* '''Tizamugin n Xafreɛ d Menkawreɛ:''' D tizamugin i d-yezzin i tin n Xufu, d amur ameqqran deg tgemmi nsen.
* '''Tazamugt n Djoser:''' D tazamugt tamezwarut akk, tesɛa talɣa n isurifen.</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tamyit tamaziɣt taqburt</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>25493</id>
    <revision>
      <id>116682</id>
      <parentid>116677</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-21T19:44:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Gurzil90x</username>
        <id>14292</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Arniɣ-d ayen ilaqen</comment>
      <origin>116682</origin>
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      <text bytes="6563" sha1="p19e23niulkpdfo5dzimxb0dfxnkshx" xml:space="preserve">[[Tugna:Bull's head from the Mithraeum, Tiddis, Numidia, Algeria - 52573537881.jpg|vignette|Azamul n yakuc Agurzil, yettwaf deg Tiddis.]]
Imaziɣen iqburen sbedden-d anagraw n usɣan d wumyan s lqay, i d-yesskanayen assaɣ-nsen akked ugama, igenni, d wid yemmuten.

== Iɣbula n Tmyit Tamaziɣt (Tasarut n Tmusni) ==
Imi imaziɣen iqburen llan ttwaqqnen ɣer timawit d wansayen, aṭas n tmusniwin i d-newwi ɣef wumyan-nsen kkan-d seg kraḍ n yiɣbula igejdanen:

* '''Iɣbula ibeṛṛaniyen (Igrigiyen d Yirumaniyen):''' Imezrayen d yimusnawen iqburen, ugar-nsen Hirudut (Hérodote), fkan-d igzulen d yimawalen lqayen ɣef yiyakucen d tsedmirin n yimaziɣen iqburen (i llan ttsemmin-asen Ilubiyen).
* '''Taẓuri n yiẓra d tsenzikt (tasnarkulujit):''' Unuɣen n Tassili n Aǧǧer, aẓru n weṭlas, d tuttriwin tisemrasin sskanayen-d tugniwin n yiɣersiwen iqeddsen d yiɣsuran n ddin.
* '''Timawit d Wansayen n wass-a:''' Tisekkiwin n tsekla timawit, timucuha, inzan d tfaskiwin am Yennayer d tnezzut, sɛan iẓuran srid ɣer wumyan iqburen.

== Iyakucen d Tyakucin Igejdanen ==
Am yigrawen iqburin nniḍen, tamyit tamaziɣt tesɛa agraw n yiyakucen i yettmuddun isem i tɣawsiwin n ugama, asirem, d yimenɣi:

=== Anẓar (Akuc n Waman d Ugeffur) ===
D yiwen seg yiyakucen yemnekden yettwassnen aṭas deg Tmazɣa, i yettbanen d amatar n tudert d tmerniwt. Asɣan-is iṭṭef adras ameqqran ar wass-a deg ddeqs n tmura n Tefriqt n Ugafa, s wansay n '''&quot;Tislit n''' '''Wanẓar&quot;'''. Asmi ara teḥbes lehwa, tilawin ssewjayen-d taɣenjat yettwazewqen, ttɣennint tizlatin akken ad ssutrent deg Unẓar ad d-yerr amengi n waman ɣer yisafen u ad yefk tudert i tyerza.

=== Ifri / Tafrikt (Tayakuct n Yifran d Temḥaddit) ===
Tamyit tamaziɣt tefka azal i yifran d tesrafin imi llan d imukan n tɣellist. '''Ifri''' d tayakuct n temḥaddit d uḥraz, i d-yettakken isem-is ula i wegdud &quot;Ifren&quot;. Ruma asmi tewweḍ ɣer Tmazɣa, truḥ teddem isem-nni n tayakuct-a rran-tt d ''Dea Africa'' (Tayakuct n Tefriqt), d nettat i d-yefkan isem i umenẓaw meṛṛa. Tettwassen daɣen s temḥaddit n yiminigen d tnezzut.

=== Gurzil (Akuc n Ṭṭrad d Tezmert) ===
D akuc s talɣa n wezger d yiṭij. Yettwassen s waṭas ɣer teqbilin timensayin n yilewaten (Laguatan) deg Libya, yella d amatar n tebɣest. Deg tneqqisin n yimenɣiyen, llan srusun aqerru n wezger i wakken ad sen-d-yefk Gurzil(neɣ Agurzil) tagzemt u ad kksen tigdi i yigen-nsen mgal irumaniyen d yibizanṭiyen.

=== Amun / Aman (Akuc Ameqqran) ===
D illu (akuc) ameqqran n tanzruft, yettwassen s yikraren-is d tmerkantiwt-ines deg temdint n Siwa (Maṣer). Igrigiyen sduklen-t d Wakuc-nsen &quot;Zeus&quot; (uɣalen s isem n ''Zeus-Ammon''), maca aẓar-is yekka-d seg tesnimant d tkerrist tmaziɣt, d azamul n tkessawt d temnukda taqburt.

==== Aẓar Amenzu: Amun deg Tɣerma n Maṣer ====
Deg umezruy unṣib n maṣer taqburt, '''Amun''' (neɣ Imen) yekka-d seg tɣerma n Maṣer. Awal-a s tmaṣrit taqburt anamek-is '''&quot;Win yeffren&quot;'''.

* '''Tazwara-s:''' Yebda yettwassen deg Tlallit Taqburt n tɣerma tamaṣrit s wudem amecṭuḥ am wakuc n ugeffur d waḍu.
* '''Asimɣer-is:''' Azal-is yuli nezzeh deg tallit n Tlallit Talemmast d Tlallit Tamaynut deg tɣerma tamaṣrit, ladɣa asmi i d-yewwi adabu ɣer temdint n Waset (Tiba / Thèbes). Dinna yeddukel akked wakuc n yiṭij &quot;Ra&quot;, yuɣal d '''Amun-Ra''', agellid n yiyakucen u d amḥaddi n yiferɛunen.

S waya, taṭurduksit n umezruy tessebgan-d belli Amun s tmuɣli tanaṣlit yekka-d seg wasif n Nil, mačči d amaziɣ seg tazwara. Maca, tadyant n Amun ur tfukk ara dagi.

==== Asileɣ d Tmazɣa: Afakan n Siwa ====
Ayen i d-yettaran Amun yesɛa taɣara tamaziɣt d awwaḍ-is ɣer tlemmast n tneẓruft taɣerbayt, ɣer temdint n '''Siwa''' (Isiwan). Siwa d adeg amaziɣ s waṭas n wansayen-is d tutlayt-is (Tasiwit), yezga-d deg rrif n tlisa gar Maṣer d Libya n wass-a.

Deg tegzirt-a tamecṭuḥt (oasis), yebna yiwen wafakan ameqqran i wurakl&lt;ref&gt;Oracle&lt;/ref&gt; n Amun. Afakan-a yewweḍ ɣer yiwet n cciɛa meqqren deg umaḍal agrakal. Imaziɣen imuriyen d yinumidiyen llan ttasen-d ɣur-s i wakken ad d-ssutren tifrat ɣef txidas n tudert-nsen. Cciɛa n w'''afakan'''-a tewweḍ armi ula d aɣella agrigi '''[[Aliksandr Ameqqran|Aleksander Ameqqran]]''' yerza-d ɣur-s deg useggas 331 u.Ɛ (uqbel Ɛisa) srid seg Maṣer, i wakken ad t-yeqbel urakl-nni d mmi-s n Amun, ayen i as-yefkan aẓayer n uferɛun.

=== Azamul n Yikerri: D ansay Amaziɣ neɣ Amaṣri? ===
'''Imyerren''' igejdanen n Amun, ladɣa deg temnaḍt n Siwa d Tmazɣa, qqnen srid ɣer yikerri. Yettmuggez-d d akuc s uqerru neɣ s wacciwen n yikerri yemḍewwren.

Dagi i d-yekcem umezruy amaziɣ s telqayt. Amusnaw n umezruy ''Gabriel Camps'' d wiyaḍ ssegzan-d yiwen n usileɣ ameqqran:

# '''Aqader n Yikerri ɣer Yimaziɣen:''' Uqbel ad d-yaweḍ Amun ɣer yimaziɣen, ineggaru-ya llan ttgallayen s yikerri. Tasnarkulujit tufa-d deg udrar n weṭlas aṣeḥrawi aṭas n wunuɣen ɣef yiẓra i d-yesskanayen ikerra isɛan aḍebsi n yiṭij gar wacciwen-nsen. Tamyit-a d tin i d-yebdan aṭas n leqrun uqbel n usimɣer n Amun deg Maṣer.
# '''Tadukli n Sin Wumyan:''' Asmi taɣerma tamaṣrit tufa-d iman-is gar teqbilin tilubiyin (timaziɣin) n Siwa d tneẓruft, tebna assaɣ gar Wakuc-nsen &quot;Amun-Ra&quot; akked Wakuc-nni aɣerfan n yimaziɣen i d-yettugensen s yikerri. Yuɣal Amun n Siwa, i d-wwin Yigrigiyen u semman-as '''Zeus-Ammon''', d asdukkel gar wucen amaṣri d wansay amaziɣ n uqader n yikerri.

=== Antay d Tinjis (Antée d Tingis) ===
'''Antay''' d agellid amaziɣ (neɣ akuc) n wakal. Deg wumyi, yella d mmi-s n Wakal d Yilel, ur yettwut ara deg yimenɣi ma yeqqim tfekka-s tettnal akal. Yettwassen s umenɣi-s ameqqran mgal Hiraklis (Héraclès). Tameṭṭut-is d '''Tinjis''', i yellan d ssebba n usileɣ d usemma n temdint taqerṭant n Ṭanja deg Merruk.

== Tanimit: Asemɣer n Ugama d Yitran ==
Anagraw amyan amaziɣ yebna ɣef umnekni d uqader n ugama (Animisme). Imaziɣen sɛan assaɣ lqayen gar-asen d wayen i ten-id-yezzin:

* '''Tafukt d Ayyur:''' Imaziɣen iqburen, akken t-id-yeffser umezray Herodotus, llan ttbuddun iseflawen i tfukt (iṭij) d wayyur. Asɣan-a yettban-d deg tewsatin n tira d ccwami i d-yegran deg yidles amaziɣ sumata.
* '''Idurar d Tiẓgiwin:''' Adrar n weṭlas (Atlas) mačči kan d adrar adigan, maca d azamul adelsan. Deg wumyi n yigrigiyen, Atlas d Atitan irefden igenni ɣef tuyat-is, maca laṣel-is tkka-d srid seg tmuɣli tuɣrist tamaziɣ i yifri d yiɣeẓran d tqacucin n yidurar.</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>116683</id>
      <parentid>116682</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-21T19:44:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Gurzil90x</username>
        <id>14292</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Arniɣ-d ayen ilaqen</comment>
      <origin>116683</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6555" sha1="hap74295fj7o4gz4oy95uu8cjvgsn7e" xml:space="preserve">[[Tugna:Bull's head from the Mithraeum, Tiddis, Numidia, Algeria - 52573537881.jpg|vignette|Azamul n yakuc Agurzil, yettwaf deg Tiddis.]]
Imaziɣen iqburen sbedden-d anagraw n usɣan d wumyan s lqay, i d-yesskanayen assaɣ-nsen akked ugama, igenni, d wid yemmuten.

== Iɣbula n Tmyit Tamaziɣt (Tasarut n Tmusni) ==
Imi imaziɣen iqburen llan ttwaqqnen ɣer timawit d wansayen, aṭas n tmusniwin i d-newwi ɣef wumyan-nsen kkan-d seg kraḍ n yiɣbula igejdanen:

* '''Iɣbula ibeṛṛaniyen (Igrigiyen d Yirumaniyen):''' Imezrayen d yimusnawen iqburen, ugar-nsen Hirudut (Hérodote), fkan-d igzulen d yimawalen lqayen ɣef yiyakucen d tsedmirin n yimaziɣen iqburen (i llan ttsemmin-asen Ilubiyen).
* '''Taẓuri n yiẓra d tsenzikt (tasnarkulujit):''' Unuɣen n Tassili n Aǧǧer, aẓru n weṭlas, d tuttriwin tisemrasin sskanayen-d tugniwin n yiɣersiwen iqeddsen d yiɣsuran n ddin.
* '''Timawit d Wansayen n wass-a:''' Tisekkiwin n tsekla timawit, timucuha, inzan d tfaskiwin am Yennayer d tnezzut, sɛan iẓuran srid ɣer wumyan iqburen.

== Iyakucen d Tyakucin Igejdanen ==
Am yigrawen iqburin nniḍen, tamyit tamaziɣt tesɛa agraw n yiyakucen i yettmuddun isem i tɣawsiwin n ugama, asirem, d yimenɣi:

=== Anẓar (Akuc n Waman d Ugeffur) ===
D yiwen seg yiyakucen yemnekden yettwassnen aṭas deg Tmazɣa, i yettbanen d amatar n tudert d tmerniwt. Asɣan-is iṭṭef adras ameqqran ar wass-a deg ddeqs n tmura n Tefriqt n Ugafa, s wansay n '''&quot;Tislit n''' '''Wanẓar&quot;'''. Asmi ara teḥbes lehwa, tilawin ssewjayen-d taɣenjat yettwazewqen, ttɣennint tizlatin akken ad ssutrent deg Unẓar ad d-yerr amengi n waman ɣer yisafen u ad yefk tudert i tyerza.

=== Ifri / Tafrikt (Tayakuct n Yifran d Temḥaddit) ===
Tamyit tamaziɣt tefka azal i yifran d tesrafin imi llan d imukan n tɣellist. '''Ifri''' d tayakuct n temḥaddit d uḥraz, i d-yettakken isem-is ula i wegdud &quot;Ifren&quot;. Ruma asmi tewweḍ ɣer Tmazɣa, truḥ teddem isem-nni n tayakuct-a rran-tt d ''Dea Africa'' (Tayakuct n Tefriqt), d nettat i d-yefkan isem i umenẓaw meṛṛa. Tettwassen daɣen s temḥaddit n yiminigen d tnezzut.

=== Gurzil (Akuc n Ṭṭrad d Tezmert) ===
D akuc s talɣa n wezger d yiṭij. Yettwassen s waṭas ɣer teqbilin timensayin n yilewaten (Laguatan) deg Libya, yella d amatar n tebɣest. Deg tneqqisin n yimenɣiyen, llan srusun aqerru n wezger i wakken ad sen-d-yefk Gurzil(neɣ Agurzil) tagzemt u ad kksen tigdi i yigen-nsen mgal irumaniyen d yibizanṭiyen.

=== Amun / Aman (Akuc Ameqqran) ===
D illu (akuc) ameqqran n tanzruft, yettwassen s yikraren-is d tmerkantiwt-ines deg temdint n Siwa (Maṣer). Igrigiyen sduklen-t d Wakuc-nsen &quot;Zeus&quot; (uɣalen s isem n ''Zeus-Ammon''), maca aẓar-is yekka-d seg tesnimant d tkerrist tmaziɣt, d azamul n tkessawt d temnukda taqburt.

==== Aẓar Amenzu: Amun deg Tɣerma n Maṣer ====
Deg umezruy unṣib n maṣer taqburt, '''Amun''' (neɣ Imen) yekka-d seg tɣerma n Maṣer. Awal-a s tmaṣrit taqburt anamek-is '''&quot;Win yeffren&quot;'''.

* '''Tazwara-s:''' Yebda yettwassen deg Tlallit Taqburt n tɣerma tamaṣrit s wudem amecṭuḥ am wakuc n ugeffur d waḍu.
* '''Asimɣer-is:''' Azal-is yuli nezzeh deg tallit n Tlallit Talemmast d Tlallit Tamaynut deg tɣerma tamaṣrit, ladɣa asmi i d-yewwi adabu ɣer temdint n Waset (Tiba / Thèbes). Dinna yeddukel akked wakuc n yiṭij &quot;Ra&quot;, yuɣal d '''Amun-Ra''', agellid n yiyakucen u d amḥaddi n yiferɛunen.

S waya, taṭurduksit n umezruy tessebgan-d belli Amun s tmuɣli tanaṣlit yekka-d seg wasif n Nil, mačči d amaziɣ seg tazwara. Maca, tadyant n Amun ur tfukk ara dagi.

==== Asileɣ d Tmazɣa: Afakan n Siwa ====
Ayen i d-yettaran Amun yesɛa taɣara tamaziɣt d awwaḍ-is ɣer tlemmast n tneẓruft taɣerbayt, ɣer temdint n '''Siwa''' (Isiwan). Siwa d adeg amaziɣ s waṭas n wansayen-is d tutlayt-is (Tasiwit), yezga-d deg rrif n tlisa gar Maṣer d Libya n wass-a.

Deg tegzirt-a tamecṭuḥt (oasis), yebna yiwen wafakan ameqqran i wurakl&lt;ref&gt;Oracle&lt;/ref&gt; n Amun. Afakan-a yewweḍ ɣer yiwet n cciɛa meqqren deg umaḍal agrakal. Imaziɣen imuriyen d yinumidiyen llan ttasen-d ɣur-s i wakken ad d-ssutren tifrat ɣef txidas n tudert-nsen. Cciɛa n w'''afakan'''-a tewweḍ armi ula d aɣella agrigi '''[[Aliksandr Ameqqran|Aleksander Ameqqran]]''' yerza-d ɣur-s deg useggas 331 u.Ɛ (uqbel Ɛisa) srid seg Maṣer, i wakken ad t-yeqbel urakl-nni d mmi-s n Amun, ayen i as-yefkan aẓayer n uferɛun.

=== Azamul n Yikerri: D ansay Amaziɣ neɣ Amaṣri? ===
'''Imyerren''' igejdanen n Amun, ladɣa deg temnaḍt n Siwa d Tmazɣa, qqnen srid ɣer yikerri. Yettmuggez-d d akuc s uqerru neɣ s wacciwen n yikerri yemḍewwren.

Dagi i d-yekcem umezruy amaziɣ s telqayt. Amusnaw n umezruy ''Gabriel Camps'' d wiyaḍ ssegzan-d yiwen n usileɣ ameqqran:

# '''Aqader n Yikerri ɣer Yimaziɣen:''' Uqbel ad d-yaweḍ Amun ɣer yimaziɣen, ineggaru-ya llan ttgallayen s yikerri. Tasnarkulujit tufa-d deg udrar n weṭlas aṣeḥrawi aṭas n wunuɣen ɣef yiẓra i d-yesskanayen ikerra isɛan aḍebsi n yiṭij gar wacciwen-nsen. Tamyit-a d tin i d-yebdan aṭas n leqrun uqbel n usimɣer n Amun deg Maṣer.
# '''Tadukli n Sin Wumyan:''' Asmi taɣerma tamaṣrit tufa-d iman-is gar teqbilin tilubiyin (timaziɣin) n Siwa d tneẓruft, tebna assaɣ gar Wakuc-nsen &quot;Amun-Ra&quot; akked Wakuc-nni aɣerfan n yimaziɣen i d-yettugensen s yikerri. Yuɣal Amun n Siwa, i d-wwin Yigrigiyen u semman-as '''Zeus-Ammon''', d asdukkel gar wucen amaṣri d wansay amaziɣ n uqader n yikerri.

=== Antay d Tinjis (Antée d Tingis) ===
'''Antay''' d agellid amaziɣ (neɣ akuc) n wakal. Deg wumyi, yella d mmi-s n Wakal d Yilel, ur yettwut ara deg yimenɣi ma yeqqim tfekka-s tettnal akal. Yettwassen s umenɣi-s ameqqran mgal Hiraklis (Héraclès). Tameṭṭut-is d '''Tinjis''', i yellan d ssebba n usileɣ d usemma n temdint taqerṭant n Ṭanja deg Merruk.

== Tanimit: Asemɣer n Ugama d Yitran ==
Anagraw amyan amaziɣ yebna ɣef umnekni d uqader n ugama (Animisme). Imaziɣen sɛan assaɣ lqayen gar-asen d wayen i ten-id-yezzin:

* '''Tafukt d Ayyur:''' Imaziɣen iqburen, akken t-id-yeffser umezray Herodotus, llan ttbuddun iseflawen i tfukt (iṭij) d wayyur. Asɣan-a yettban-d deg tewsatin n tira d ccwami i d-yegran deg yidles amaziɣ sumata.
* '''Idurar d Tiẓgiwin:''' Adrar n weṭlas (Atlas) mačči kan d adrar adigan, maca d azamul adelsan. Deg wumyi n yigrigiyen, Atlas d Atitan irefden igenni ɣef tuyat-is, maca laṣel-is tkka-d srid seg tmuɣli tuɣrist tamaziɣ i yiɣeẓran d tqacucin n yidurar.</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>116684</id>
      <parentid>116683</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-21T20:03:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Gurzil90x</username>
        <id>14292</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>seɣtiɣ kra n tucdiwin</comment>
      <origin>116684</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="6556" sha1="o626dzbq4krvtom16hdqna86cuirujk" xml:space="preserve">[[Tugna:Bull's head from the Mithraeum, Tiddis, Numidia, Algeria - 52573537881.jpg|vignette|Azamul n yakuc Agurzil, yettwaf deg Tiddis.]]
Imaziɣen iqburen sbedden-d anagraw n usɣan d wumyan s lqay, i d-yesskanayen assaɣ-nsen akked ugama, igenni, d wid yemmuten.

== Iɣbula n Tmyit Tamaziɣt (Tasarut n Tmusni) ==
Imi imaziɣen iqburen llan ttwaqqnen ɣer timawit d wansayen, aṭas n tmusniwin i d-newwi ɣef wumyan-nsen kkan-d seg kraḍ n yiɣbula igejdanen:

* '''Iɣbula ibeṛṛaniyen (Igrigiyen d Yirumaniyen):''' Imezrayen d yimusnawen iqburen, ugar-nsen Hirudut (Hérodote), fkan-d igzulen d yimawalen lqayen ɣef yiyakucen d tsedmirin n yimaziɣen iqburen (i llan ttsemmin-asen Ilubiyen).
* '''Taẓuri n yiẓra d tsenzikt (tasnarkulujit):''' Unuɣen n Tassili n Aǧǧer, aẓru n weṭlas, d tuttriwin tisemrasin sskanayen-d tugniwin n yiɣersiwen iqeddsen d yiɣsuran n ddin.
* '''Timawit d Wansayen n wass-a:''' Tisekkiwin n tsekla timawit, timucuha, inzan d tfaskiwin am Yennayer d tnezzut, sɛan iẓuran srid ɣer wumyan iqburen.

== Iyakucen d Tyakucin Igejdanen ==
Am yigrawen iqburin nniḍen, tamyit tamaziɣt tesɛa agraw n yiyakucen i yettmuddun isem i tɣawsiwin n ugama, asirem, d yimenɣi:

=== Anẓar (Akuc n Waman d Ugeffur) ===
D yiwen seg yiyakucen yemnekden yettwassnen aṭas deg Tmazɣa, i yettbanen d amatar n tudert d tmerniwt. Asɣan-is iṭṭef adras ameqqran ar wass-a deg ddeqs n tmura n Tefriqt n Ugafa, s wansay n '''&quot;Tislit n''' '''Wanẓar&quot;'''. Asmi ara teḥbes lehwa, tilawin ssewjayen-d taɣenjat yettwazewqen, ttɣennint tizlatin akken ad ssutrent deg Unẓar ad d-yerr amengi n waman ɣer yisafen u ad yefk tudert i tyerza.

=== Ifri / Tafrikt (Tayakuct n Yifran d Temḥaddit) ===
Tamyit tamaziɣt tefka azal i yifran d tesrafin imi llan d imukan n tɣellist. '''Ifri''' d tayakuct n temḥaddit d uḥraz, i d-yettakken isem-is ula i wegdud &quot;Ifren&quot;. Ruma asmi tewweḍ ɣer Tmazɣa, truḥ teddem isem-nni n tayakuct-a rran-tt d ''Dea Africa'' (Tayakuct n Tefriqt), d nettat i d-yefkan isem i umenẓaw meṛṛa. Tettwassen daɣen s temḥaddit n yiminigen d tnezzut.

=== Gurzil (Akuc n Ṭṭrad d Tezmert) ===
D akuc s talɣa n wezger d yiṭij. Yettwassen s waṭas ɣer teqbilin timensayin n yilewaten (Laguatan) deg Libya, yella d amatar n tebɣest. Deg tneqqisin n yimenɣiyen, llan srusun aqerru n wezger i wakken ad sen-d-yefk Gurzil(neɣ Agurzil) tagzemt u ad kksen tigdi i yigen-nsen mgal irumaniyen d yibizanṭiyen.

=== Amun / Aman (Akuc Ameqqran) ===
D illu (akuc) ameqqran n tanzruft, yettwassen s yikraren-is d tmerkantiwt-ines deg temdint n Siwa (Maṣer). Igrigiyen sduklen-t d Wakuc-nsen &quot;Zeus&quot; (uɣalen s isem n ''Zeus-Ammon''), maca aẓar-is yekka-d seg tesnimant d tkerrist tmaziɣt, d azamul n tkessawt d temnukda taqburt.

==== Aẓar Amenzu: Amun deg Tɣerma n Maṣer ====
Deg umezruy unṣib n maṣer taqburt, '''Amun''' (neɣ Imen) yekka-d seg tɣerma n Maṣer. Awal-a s tmaṣrit taqburt anamek-is '''&quot;Win yeffren&quot;'''.

* '''Tazwara-s:''' Yebda yettwassen deg Tlallit Taqburt n tɣerma tamaṣrit s wudem amecṭuḥ am wakuc n ugeffur d waḍu.
* '''Asimɣer-is:''' Azal-is yuli nezzeh deg tallit n Tlallit Talemmast d Tlallit Tamaynut deg tɣerma tamaṣrit, ladɣa asmi i d-yewwi adabu ɣer temdint n Waset (Tiba / Thèbes). Dinna yeddukel akked wakuc n yiṭij &quot;Ra&quot;, yuɣal d '''Amun-Ra''', agellid n yiyakucen u d amḥaddi n yiferɛunen.

S waya, taṭurduksit n umezruy tessebgan-d belli Amun s tmuɣli tanaṣlit yekka-d seg wasif n Nil, mačči d amaziɣ seg tazwara. Maca, tadyant n Amun ur tfukk ara dagi.

==== Asileɣ d Tmazɣa: Afakan n Siwa ====
Ayen i d-yettaran Amun yesɛa taɣara tamaziɣt d awwaḍ-is ɣer tlemmast n tneẓruft taɣerbayt, ɣer temdint n '''Siwa''' (Isiwan). Siwa d adeg amaziɣ s waṭas n wansayen-is d tutlayt-is (Tasiwit), yezga-d deg rrif n tlisa gar Maṣer d Libya n wass-a.

Deg tegzirt-a tamecṭuḥt (oasis), yebna yiwen wafakan ameqqran i wurakl&lt;ref&gt;Oracle&lt;/ref&gt; n Amun. Afakan-a yewweḍ ɣer yiwet n cciɛa meqqren deg umaḍal agrakal. Imaziɣen imuriyen d yinumidiyen llan ttasen-d ɣur-s i wakken ad d-ssutren tifrat ɣef txidas n tudert-nsen. Cciɛa n w'''afakan'''-a tewweḍ armi ula d aɣella agrigi '''[[Aliksandr Ameqqran|Aleksander Ameqqran]]''' yerza-d ɣur-s deg useggas 331 u.Ɛ (uqbel Ɛisa) srid seg Maṣer, i wakken ad t-yeqbel urakl-nni d mmi-s n Amun, ayen i as-yefkan aẓayer n uferɛun.

=== Azamul n Yikerri: D ansay Amaziɣ neɣ Amaṣri? ===
'''Imyerren''' igejdanen n Amun, ladɣa deg temnaḍt n Siwa d Tmazɣa, qqnen srid ɣer yikerri. Yettmuggez-d d akuc s uqerru neɣ s wacciwen n yikerri yemḍewwren.

Dagi i d-yekcem umezruy amaziɣ s telqayt. Amusnaw n umezruy ''Gabriel Camps'' d wiyaḍ ssegzan-d yiwen n usileɣ ameqqran:

# '''Aqader n Yikerri ɣer Yimaziɣen:''' Uqbel ad d-yaweḍ Amun ɣer yimaziɣen, ineggaru-ya llan ttgallayen s yikerri. Tasnarkulujit tufa-d deg udrar n weṭlas aṣeḥrawi aṭas n wunuɣen ɣef yiẓra i d-yesskanayen ikerra isɛan aḍebsi n yiṭij gar wacciwen-nsen. Tamyit-a d tin i d-yebdan aṭas n leqrun uqbel n usimɣer n Amun deg Maṣer.
# '''Tadukli n Sin Wumyan:''' Asmi taɣerma tamaṣrit tufa-d iman-is gar teqbilin tilubiyin (timaziɣin) n Siwa d tneẓruft, tebna assaɣ gar Wakuc-nsen &quot;Amun-Ra&quot; akked Wakuc-nni aɣerfan n yimaziɣen i d-yettugensen s yikerri. Yuɣal Amun n Siwa, i d-wwin Yigrigiyen u semman-as '''Zeus-Ammon''', d asdukkel gar wucen amaṣri d wansay amaziɣ n uqader n yikerri.

=== Antay d Tinjis (Antée d Tingis) ===
'''Antay''' d agellid amaziɣ (neɣ akuc) n wakal. Deg wumyi, yella d mmi-s n Wakal d Yilel, ur yettwut ara deg yimenɣi ma yeqqim tfekka-s tettnal akal. Yettwassen s umenɣi-s ameqqran mgal Hiraklis (Héraclès). Tameṭṭut-is d '''Tinjis''', i yellan d ssebba n usileɣ d usemma n temdint taqerṭant n Ṭanja deg Merruk.

== Tanimit: Assaɣ ɣer Ugama d Yitran ==
Anagraw amyan amaziɣ yebna ɣef umnekni d uqader n ugama (Animisme). Imaziɣen sɛan assaɣ lqayen gar-asen d wayen i ten-id-yezzin:

* '''Tafukt d Ayyur:''' Imaziɣen iqburen, akken t-id-yeffser umezray Herodotus, llan ttbuddun iseflawen i tfukt (iṭij) d wayyur. Asɣan-a yettban-d deg tewsatin n tira d ccwami i d-yegran deg yidles amaziɣ sumata.
* '''Idurar d Tiẓgiwin:''' Adrar n weṭlas (Atlas) mačči kan d adrar adigan, maca d azamul adelsan. Deg wumyi n yigrigiyen, Atlas d Atitan irefden igenni ɣef tuyat-is, maca laṣel-is tkka-d srid seg tmuɣli tuɣrist tamaziɣ i yiɣeẓran d tqacucin n yidurar.</text>
      <sha1>o626dzbq4krvtom16hdqna86cuirujk</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kupriyan</title>
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    <id>25495</id>
    <revision>
      <id>116685</id>
      <parentid>116680</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-22T10:18:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Gurzil90x</username>
        <id>14292</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Arniɣ-d ayen ilaqen</comment>
      <origin>116685</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="7796" sha1="nt2csgghg2lw1nt6uyntjcy6i3m481z" xml:space="preserve">[[Tugna:Cyprian von Karthago2.jpg|vignette|Tarudemt s wudem usuneɣ n Kupriyan.]]
'''Kupriyan'''&lt;ref&gt;Sqedceɣ &quot;k&quot; deg wemkan n &quot;C&quot; deg yisem-agi n &quot;Cyprian&quot; s lmend akken i t-id-qqaren s tlatinit n zik.&lt;/ref&gt; (neɣ Kupriyanus) d yiwen seg yimasnakucen imeqqranen n tmasiḥit n zik deg Tefriqt n Ugafa. Ilul-d gar yiseggasen n 200 d 210 S.Ɛ. deg tama n [[Qerṭaj|Kartaj]], yemmut d amaɣras deg useggas n 258. D win yefkan azal ameqqran i umezruy n tsekla d tesnakuca tamasihit n tallit tarumanit, yerna yeǧǧa-d aṭas n yiḍrisen d tebratin i d-isbeggnen amek tella tmetti d wesɣan deg lqern wis kraḍ.

== Tudert-is ==

* '''Talalit d Usinen:''' Kupriyan ilul-d deg yiwet n twacult tamerkantit, d tagetyakuct (païenne). Deg temẓi-s, yeɣra tasnukyest d uzref, yella d amennay yettwassnen aṭas deg Kartaj. Uqbel ad yekcem ɣer tmasiḥit, yella yettziyar ifakanen n Rruman, yettidir tudert n yimarkantiyen.
Talalit-is teḍra-d deg temnaḍt n Kartaj, i yellan d yiwet seg temdinin timeqqranin yerna d tigensasin n Umenkad Aruman deg Tefriqt n Ugafa. Tawacult-is, imi tesɛa ccan d yisem ameqqran deg tmetti tarumanit, tefka-as tagnit iwatan akken ad yidir tudert n rreḥba d tbaɣur, yerna tewwi-t ɣer wiberdan n tussna d tɣuri lqayen.

Deg temẓi-s, Kupriyan(neɣ Cyprian s tfranṣist) yesɛedda asinen-is deg yiɣerbazen ifazen akk n tallit-nni. Yefka lwelha-s s umata ɣer tesnukyest akked uzref, sin n yiḥricen i d-yettaken amkan ɛlayen i wemdan deg tsertit d tmetti. S tlatinit, i yellan d tutlayt idelsan d tutlayt n udabu n Kartaj deg lqern wis kraḍ, yelmed amek ara iseddu awal, amek ara yessewjed inawen yelhan, d wamek ara issekcem iman-is deg tlufa n teɣdemt.

S usinen-a lqayen, yuɣal d amestan (abugaṭu) d umennay ameqqran i yettqadaren aṭas yemdanen. Yella yettekkay s wudem uzzig deg yisaragen d tzeɣwa n usenqed, yettḥadar ɣef yizerfan n yimarkantiyen d wid yesɛan adabu. Tussna-s deg wawal tessaweḍ-it ad yesɛu amkan d ameqqran gar yimawlan n tsertit n Kartaj, yerna isem-is yeffeɣ-d deg yal amkan n temdint.

Send(Uqbel) anekcum-is ɣer wesɣan amasiḥi, Kupriyan yella yettidir akken tebɣa tmetti-s tagetyakuct. Yella yettekkay deg tfaskiwin d wansayen n Rruman, yettzuru ifakanen akken ad issefel i yikucen-nsen. Tudert-is tella tbedd ɣef zzhu, ayla d wazal amettan, ayen i t-yeǧǧan ad yidir i kra n yiseggasen d amdan yesɛan akk tiɣbula n ddunit, mebla ma yesḥassef ɣef wayen i t-irajan deg yimal s tmasiḥit i ibeddlen udem n tudert-is s lekmal.
* '''Anekcum ɣer Tmasiḥit:''' Deg useggas n 246, yekcem ɣer tmasiḥit s ufus n yiwen uqessis isem-is ''Caecilianus''. Ibeddel tudert-is s lekmal: yefka ayla-s d tbaɣurin-is i yigellilen, yuɣal yettidir s teqneɛt d tẓallit.
Tudert n Kupriyan tebded deg tazwara ɣef zzhu, ayla d ccan, maca deg daxel-is yella iḥuss s kra n lexṣaṣ d uɣurru n ddunit tarumanit i yettidiren deg-s. Ɣas akken yesɛa idrimen d wemkan ɛlayen deg tmetti n Kartaj, ur yufi ara talwit n wul, yerna iwala amek iruḥ wazal n tɣellist d tezdeg deg tsertit d wansayen n Rruman. D tagnit-a n ccekk d usteqsi i t-yeǧǧan ad yemlil d yiwen n uqessis amasiḥi awessar isem-is Caecilianus. Amdan-a yesɛa-d tazrirt tameqqrant ɣef tiktiwin n Kupriyan, yessaweḍ ad as-yegzem ccekk, ad t-issekcem ɣer ubrid n liman amaynut. Deg useggas n 246 S.Ɛ., Cyprian yewwi-d taɣtest ara ibeddlen amecwar n tudert-is s lekmal: yeǧǧa asɣan-is agetyakuc (païen) yerna yekcem ɣer wesɣan amasiḥi.

Anekcum-is ɣer tmasiḥit ur yelli ara kan d awal yettwanṭeqen, maca d tigawt lqayen i yeswehmen akk imdanen i t-yessnen deg Kartaj. Akken kan yeqbel asirred (aɣḍas deg waman), Kupriyan yexdem ayen ur yebni yiwen fell-as: yezzenz ayla-s meṛṛa, tiferkiwin-is d tbaɣurin-is, yerna yefka idrimen-nni i yigellilen d wid yeḥwaǧen. Ayagi yessenɛet-d liman-is ameqqran d teqneɛt-is, imi yefren ad yidir ddaw n yisuraf n cceḥḥa d tẓallit, mebla zzhu d tmenɣiwt n zik. S leqder i uqessis-nni i t-iwellhen, yerna isem n &quot;Caecilius&quot; ɣer yisem-is anaṣli, yuɣal yettusemma s tlatinit ''Thascius Caecilius Cyprianus''.

Seg tama n usinen d tektiwin, Kupriyan yezzi iman-is ɣef yidlisen d tsekla n yifakanen n Rruman i yella yeqqar d iseggasen, yuɣal yerra lwelha-s s lǧehd ɣer tɣuri n Yedlisen Iqedsen d tkatayin n tmasiḥit n tallit-nni. Yeqqel d anelmad wuzzig n Tertullien (Tertullianus), yiwen seg yimasnakucen (théologiens) imezwura n Tefriqt n Ugafa, i wumi yella yeqqar s leqder &quot;Aselmad&quot;. Uɣal-a ɣer tɣuri d ubeddel n tikli-s rran-t d amdan yeṣfan, i yettwaqadren aṭas gar yimasiḥiyen n temnaḍt, ayen i as-yelldin abrid akken ad t-fernen d amasay ameqqran n teknisa n Kartaj kra n yiseggasen kan seld anekcum-is.
* '''Amasay n Teknisa:''' Kra n yiseggasen kan seld anekcum-is ɣer wesɣan amaynut (deg 248), yettwafren d amasay ameqqran n teknisa n Kartaj s yisem n tegmat d yinaflasen.
* '''Tiḥersi d Lmut-is:''' Deg tallit n umenkad arumani Decius (250), tebda-d tiḥersi tameqqrant mgal imasiḥiyen. Kupriyan yerwel seg temdint akken ad iḥader ɣef teknisa d yinaflasen-is s tuffra. Ayagi yegla-d s wugur ameqqran ɣef wid yeǧǧan asɣan-nsen akken ad sseflen i yikucen irumaniyen. Deg useggas n 258, ddaw lḥekma n umenkad Valerian, ḥekmen fell-as s lmut, nɣan-t s tkuba(agestur), yuɣal d amaɣras.

== Tiktiwin-is d Tesnakuca (Théologie) ==
Tiktiwin n Kupriyan rẓant aṭas n yiḥricen deg umezruy n wesɣan, ladɣa ayen yeɛnan asuddes n teknisa d wassaɣen gar yinaflasen:

* '''Tadukli n Teknisa:''' Tikti-s tagejdant tella ɣef tdukli n wesɣan. Iwala d akken taknisa tewwi-d ad tili d yiwet, ur tebḍi ara. Yenna-d awal-is yettwassnen aṭas deg umezruy: ''&quot;Ur yezmir ara ad yesɛu Yakuc d ababat, win ur nesɛi ara taknisa d tayemmat.&quot;''
* '''Ugur n wid yeɣlin (Lapsi):''' Deg tallit n tiḥersi, aṭas n yimasiḥiyen i yexdmen asfel deg yifakanen n Rruman akken ad menɛen ɣef tudert-nsen. Mi tɛedda ccda, bɣan ad d-uɣalen ɣer teknisa. Cyprian yufa-d yiwen wugur ameqqran: amek ara teg taknisa yid-sen? Yessebded-d tarrayt talemmast: wid yeɣlin deg ubekkaḍ tewwi-d ad stutben (ad ndmen), ad sɛeddin akud n tatubt uqbel ad d-uɣalen ɣer tdukli tamesɣant, war amdel fell-asen tiwwura s lekmal.
* '''Aɣrudan mgal Tilelli Taglizant:''' Kupriyan yella yettḥadar ɣef tilelli n yimasayen n teknisa deg temnaḍin-nsen. Yella mgal usnas n udabu aɣrudan n Ruma ɣef teknisiwin n Tefriqt n Ugafa, ladɣa deg temsalt n ucehhed d wusirred n wid d-yekkan seg tɣerfiwin(sectes) tyettwaɛzlen. Iwala d akken imasayen n tkanisa sɛan tagada gar-asen.
* '''Asfel n Tẓallit:''' Iwala d akken taẓallit n temlilit (Eucharistie) d amedya n usfel n Ɛisa, d aḥric agejdan deg tezmart taruḥanit n yinaflasen.

== Leqdec-is d Yidlisen-is ==
Cyprian yura aṭas n yiḍrisen s tlatinit, d tutlayt idelsan n tallit-nni deg Kartaj. Leqdec-is yebna ɣef uḥader n wesɣan d uwellih n yinaflasen:

* '''De unitate ecclesiae (Ɣef tdukli n teknisa):''' D aḍris-is axatar akk. Deg-s i d-yessegza amek ara d-tili tdukli gar yimasnakucen d yimasiḥiyen, d wamek ara ḥadren ɣef tdukli n wesɣan mgal beṭṭu.
* '''De lapsis (Ɣef wid yeɣlin):''' D aḍris anda i d-yefka tifrat i wugur n wid yeffɣen i wesɣan deg tallit n tiḥersi, d wamek ara d-uɣalen s tgerẓawt (repentir).
* '''De dominica oratione (Ɣef tẓallit n Massi-nneɣ):''' D aḍris i d-yessegzayen azal n tẓallit n &quot;Babat-nneɣ&quot; d wamek i d-tettak tazmert i wanaflas deg talliyin n lmeḥna.
* '''Tibratin (Épîtres):''' Yeǧǧa-d ammud n wugar n 80 n tebratin. Tibratin-a d agerruj i wid yettnadin ɣef umezruy n tsekla d tmetti n Tefriqt n Ugafa n lqern wis 3, imi skanayent-d s telqayt amek llan ttidiren, amek ttemsefhamen, d wuguren i d-ttmagaren.</text>
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