Wikipedia kabwiki https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asebter_agejdan MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.8 first-letter Media Uslig Mmeslay Amseqdac Amyannan umsqedac Wikipedia Amyannan n Wikipedia Tugna Amyannan n tugna MediaWiki Amyannan n MediaWiki Talɣa Amyannan n talɣa Tallat Amyannan n tallat Taggayt Amyannan n taggayt Awwur Amyannan uwwur Asenfaṛ Amyannan usenfaṛ TimedText TimedText talk Module Discussion module Event Event talk Sujet 0 15381 116713 114557 2026-06-24T18:45:49Z InternetArchiveBot 10734 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 116713 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | altname = Takastalant | Isem = Taspenyult | [[Azdar]] = [[Spaniards]], [[Hispanic]]s, and [[Latino]]s | nativename = {{lang|es|español}} <br /> {{lang|es|castellano}} | pronunciation = espaˈɲol, kasteˈʎano | region = [[Spanya]], [[Tamrikt Taspenyult]], [[Ginya Tasebgast|Ginya Tasbegsant]] <small>(ẓeṛ [[#Geographical distribution|iksar]])</small> | speakers = 480 n yimelyan n at tutlayt tayemmat | date = 2018 | ref = <ref name=viva18>{{cite report |title=El español: una lengua viva – Informe 2018 |url=https://cvc.cervantes.es/lengua/espanol_lengua_viva/pdf/espanol_lengua_viva_2018.pdf |publisher=[[Instituto Cervantes]] |date=2018}}</ref> | speakers2 = 75 n imelyan [[Tutlayt tis snat|L2 imsawalen]] d yimsawalen s ukettar amuttu (2018) + 22 n imelyan n inelmaden <ref name=viva18/> | familycolor = Indo-European | fam2 = [[Italic languages|Italic]] | fam3 = [[Tutlayin tiṛumanseyyin|Taṛumansit]] | fam4 = [[Tutlayin tiṛumanseyyin tiɣerbiyin|Taṛumansit taɣerbit]] | fam5 = [[Iberian Romance languages|Ibero-Romance]] | fam6 = [[West Iberian languages|West-Iberian]] | fam7 = [[Castilian languages]] | ancestor = [[Old Spanish language|Old Spanish]] | script = [[Latin script|Latin]] ([[Spanish orthography|Spanish alphabet]])<br />[[Spanish Braille]] | nation = {{Collapsible list | titlestyle = font-weight:normal; background:transparent; text-align:left; | title = [[Umuɣ n tmura yeggunin ɣef Tespanyult d tutlayt tamaddudt|21 n tmura]]| |{{flagcountry|Argentina}} |{{flagcountry|Bolivia}} |{{flagcountry|Chile}} |{{flagcountry|Colombia}} |{{flagcountry|Costa Rica}} |{{flagcountry|Cuba}} |{{flagcountry|Dominican Republic}} |{{flagcountry|Ecuador}} |{{flagcountry|El Salvador}} |{{flagcountry|Equatorial Guinea}} |{{flagcountry|Guatemala}} |{{flagcountry|Honduras}} |{{flagcountry|Mexico}} |{{flagcountry|Nicaragua}} |{{flagcountry|Panama}} |{{flagcountry|Paraguay}} |{{flagcountry|Peru}} |{{flagcountry|Spain}} |{{flagcountry|Uruguay}} |{{flagcountry|Venezuela}} |{{flagcountry|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}} (partly recognized state). }} <br />{{Collapsible list |titlestyle=font-weight:normal; background:transparent; text-align:left;|title=[[List of countries where Spanish is an official language|Dependent entity]]| |{{flagcountry|Puerto Rico}} }} <!-- This list is intended for dependent territories that do not form an integral part of a country (such as Puerto Rico), as well as integral parts of nations that are not traditionally considered Spanish-speaking. Adding Ceuta and Melilla will result in deletion as they are integral parts of Spain. This also applies to Chile and the case of Easter Island. --> <br />{{Collapsible list |titlestyle=font-weight:normal; background:transparent; text-align:left;|title=[[Umuɣ n tmura anda Taspenyult d yiwet gar tutlayin timaddudin|Significant minority]]| |{{flagcountry|Andorra}} |{{flagcountry|Belize}} |{{flagcountry|United States}} |{{flagcountry|Philippines}} (optional auxiliary language) }} <br />{{Collapsible list |titlestyle=font-weight:normal; background:transparent; text-align:left;| title = [[List of countries where Spanish is an official language#International organizations where Spanish is official|International<br />organizations]]| | {{flagcountry|African Union}} |{{flagcountry|CARICOM}} |[[File:Bandera CELAC.png|25px]] [[Community of Latin American and Caribbean States|CELAC]] |{{flagcountry|European Union}} |[[File:ALADI.jpg|25px]] [[Latin American Integration Association|ALADI]] |[[File:Bandera Parlamento Latinoamericano.jpg|25px]] [[Latin American Parliament]] |{{flagcountry|Mercosur}} |[[File:OSCE logo.svg|30px]] [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe|OSCE]] |{{flagcountry|Organization of American States}} |{{flagcountry|United Nations}} |{{flagcountry|Union of South American Nations}} |[[Organization of Ibero-American States]] }} | agency = [[Association of Spanish Language Academies]]<br /><small>({{lang|es|[[Real Academia Española]]}} and 22 other national Spanish language academies)</small> | iso1 = es | iso2 = spa | iso3 = spa | lingua = 51-AAA-b | notice = IPA | sign = [[Signed Spanish]] (Spain, Mexico and presumably elsewhere) | glotto = stan1288 | glottorefname = Spanish | map = Map-Hispanophone World.svg | mapcaption = {{legend|#045a8d|Taspenyult d tutlayt tamaddudt.}} {{legend|#9bbae1|Mači d tamaddudt, Maca ttmeslayen-t ugar n 20% n imezdaɣ.}} }} '''Tutlayt taspenyult''' (s tespanyult: ''español'') neɣ '''Takastilant''' <ref>{{Cite Web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.arab-ency.com/index.php?module=pnEncyclopedia&func=display_term&id=14627&m=1 |access-date=2021-05-05 |archive-date=2016-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809153258/http://www.arab-ency.com/index.php?module=pnEncyclopedia&func=display_term&id=14627&m=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> (s tespanyult: ''castellano'') d tutlayt tamaddudt n [[Spanya|tgelda n Spanya]] yakk d tuget n tmura n [[Tamrikt n Wenẓul|Temrikt n Wenẓul]] d [[Tamrikt Talemmast|Temrikt Talemmast]], akken i tga d yiwet seg snat tutlayin timaddudin n [[Puerto Rico]]. Ttmeslayen-tt gar n 477 alamma d 572 n yimdanen am [[tutlayt tayemmat]]<ref >{{Cite Web|akala= https://web.archive.org/web/20210513000611/https://www.cervantes.es/sobre_instituto_cervantes/prensa/2017/noticias/Presentaci%C3%B3n-Anuario-2017.htm</ref> deg umaḍal, akken i tga [[Tutlayin tilatinin|tutlayt taṛumanseyt]] timenziwt yakk.<ref >{{Cite Web|Akala= http://archive.is/20121209175150/http://www.lllf.uam.es/~fmarcos/coloquio/Ponencias/MMelgar.doc|Azwel=La UNAM y la Enseñanza del español a no hispanoparlantes|Azemz n tuwwṭa=|Akala n ufaylu= https://web.archive.org/web/20160928184726/http://archive.is:80/20121209175150/http://www.lllf.uam.es/~fmarcos/coloquio/Ponencias/MMelgar.doc|Azemz n unulfu=2016-09-28}}</ref> Taspenyult sgi ttmeslayen di tgelda n Spanya ɣɣaren-as [[taspenyult takastilant]] i wassaɣ ɣer tama tamazrayt n [[Kastiya]], anda i tella d tutlayt taɣelnawt n Ikestalen. Imesnilsanen ttɣilen d akken tutlayt-a tekker-d di tama n '''Cordillera''' i d-yezgan deg ugafa n [[Spanya]], sin akin tenfufed deg yakk tamiwin-is deg [[tasut tis 8]] d [[tasut tis 9|tis 9]]. Ma d tespanyult sgi ttmeslayen di [[Tamrikt Talatint|Temrikt Talatint]] ɣɣaren-as [[taspenyult tamrikant]]. Dɣa taspenyult takastilant d tespanyult tamrikant ttemcabint s waṭas, maca llan kra n imgaraden deg ususru d yirmawen. Ismawen deg tespenyult - am waṭas n tutlayin niḍen - bḍan ɣer wunti d umalay, akken illan daɣen kra n yismawen irwasanen ur nelli la d untiyen la d imalayen, amedya deg yismawen ibeddun s umagrad «''Lo ''»; (''Lo mejor'', ''Lo bueno'', ''Lo fácil''...), ma d abaraz amagnan n wawalen iga d; ''isem n umeskar'', ''amyag'', ''asentel''. == Tiwelhiwin == [[Taggayt:Tutlayin n Uṛuppa]] [[Taggayt:Tutlayin tiwenduṛupiyin]] [[Taggayt:Tutlayin n Temrikt n Ugafa]] [[Taggayt:Tutlayin n Temrikt n Wenẓul]] [[Taggayt:Tutlayin n Temrikt talemmast]] [[Taggayt:Tutlayin tiṛumansiyin]] [[Taggayt:Tutlayin n Spanya]] [[Taggayt:Tutlayin n Yiwunak Yeddukklen]] [[Taggayt:Tutlayin n Miksik]] {{refs}} 1ob8cckwvt7k4xgpjq1ezogbg1108hc 0 25493 116714 116684 2026-06-24T20:16:04Z Gurzil90x 14292 Arniɣ-d ayen ilaqen 116714 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Bull's head from the Mithraeum, Tiddis, Numidia, Algeria - 52573537881.jpg|vignette|Azamul n yakuc Agurzil, yettwaf deg Tiddis.]] Imaziɣen iqburen sbedden-d anagraw n usɣan d wumyan s lqay, i d-yesskanayen assaɣ-nsen akked ugama, igenni, d wid yemmuten. == Iɣbula n Tmyit Tamaziɣt (Tasarut n Tmusni) == Imi imaziɣen iqburen llan ttwaqqnen ɣer timawit d wansayen, aṭas n tmusniwin i d-newwi ɣef wumyan-nsen kkan-d seg kraḍ n yiɣbula igejdanen: * '''Iɣbula ibeṛṛaniyen (Igrigiyen d Yirumaniyen):''' Imezrayen d yimusnawen iqburen, ugar-nsen Hirudut (Hérodote), fkan-d igzulen d yimawalen lqayen ɣef yiyakucen d tsedmirin n yimaziɣen iqburen (i llan ttsemmin-asen Ilubiyen). * '''Taẓuri n yiẓra d tsenzikt (tasnarkulujit):''' Unuɣen n Tassili n Aǧǧer, aẓru n weṭlas, d tuttriwin tisemrasin sskanayen-d tugniwin n yiɣersiwen iqeddsen d yiɣsuran n ddin. * '''Timawit d Wansayen n wass-a:''' Tisekkiwin n tsekla timawit, timucuha, inzan d tfaskiwin am Yennayer d tnezzut, sɛan iẓuran srid ɣer wumyan iqburen. == Iyakucen d Tyakucin Igejdanen == Am yigrawen iqburin nniḍen, tamyit tamaziɣt tesɛa agraw n yiyakucen i yettmuddun isem i tɣawsiwin n ugama, asirem, d yimenɣi: === Anẓar (Akuc n Waman d Ugeffur) === D yiwen seg yiyakucen yemnekden yettwassnen aṭas deg Tmazɣa, i yettbanen d amatar n tudert d tmerniwt. Asɣan-is iṭṭef adras ameqqran ar wass-a deg ddeqs n tmura n Tefriqt n Ugafa, s wansay n '''"Tislit n''' '''Wanẓar"'''. Asmi ara teḥbes lehwa, tilawin ssewjayen-d taɣenjat yettwazewqen, ttɣennint tizlatin akken ad ssutrent deg Unẓar ad d-yerr amengi n waman ɣer yisafen u ad yefk tudert i tyerza. === Ifri / Tafrikt (Tayakuct n Yifran d Temḥaddit) === Tamyit tamaziɣt tefka azal i yifran d tesrafin imi llan d imukan n tɣellist. '''Ifri''' d tayakuct n temḥaddit d uḥraz, i d-yettakken isem-is ula i wegdud "Ifren". Ruma asmi tewweḍ ɣer Tmazɣa, truḥ teddem isem-nni n tayakuct-a rran-tt d ''Dea Africa'' (Tayakuct n Tefriqt), d nettat i d-yefkan isem i umenẓaw meṛṛa. Tettwassen daɣen s temḥaddit n yiminigen d tnezzut. === Gurzil (Akuc n Ṭṭrad d Tezmert) === D akuc s talɣa n wezger d yiṭij. Yettwassen s waṭas ɣer teqbilin timensayin n yilewaten (Laguatan) deg Libya, yella d amatar n tebɣest. Deg tneqqisin n yimenɣiyen, llan srusun aqerru n wezger i wakken ad sen-d-yefk Gurzil(neɣ Agurzil) tagzemt u ad kksen tigdi i yigen-nsen mgal irumaniyen d yibizanṭiyen. === Amun / Aman (Akuc Ameqqran) === D illu (akuc) ameqqran n tanzruft, yettwassen s yikraren-is d tmerkantiwt-ines deg temdint n Siwa (Maṣer). Igrigiyen sduklen-t d Wakuc-nsen "Zeus" (uɣalen s isem n ''Zeus-Ammon''), maca aẓar-is yekka-d seg tesnimant d tkerrist tmaziɣt, d azamul n tkessawt d temnukda taqburt. ==== Aẓar Amenzu: Amun deg Tɣerma n Maṣer ==== Deg umezruy unṣib n maṣer taqburt, '''Amun''' (neɣ Imen) yekka-d seg tɣerma n Maṣer. Awal-a s tmaṣrit taqburt anamek-is '''"Win yeffren"'''. * '''Tazwara-s:''' Yebda yettwassen deg Tlallit Taqburt n tɣerma tamaṣrit s wudem amecṭuḥ am wakuc n ugeffur d waḍu. * '''Asimɣer-is:''' Azal-is yuli nezzeh deg tallit n Tlallit Talemmast d Tlallit Tamaynut deg tɣerma tamaṣrit, ladɣa asmi i d-yewwi adabu ɣer temdint n Waset (Tiba / Thèbes). Dinna yeddukel akked wakuc n yiṭij "Ra", yuɣal d '''Amun-Ra''', agellid n yiyakucen u d amḥaddi n yiferɛunen. S waya, taṭurduksit n umezruy tessebgan-d belli Amun s tmuɣli tanaṣlit yekka-d seg wasif n Nil, mačči d amaziɣ seg tazwara. Maca, tadyant n Amun ur tfukk ara dagi. ==== Asileɣ d Tmazɣa: Afakan n Siwa ==== Ayen i d-yettaran Amun yesɛa taɣara tamaziɣt d awwaḍ-is ɣer tlemmast n tneẓruft taɣerbayt, ɣer temdint n '''Siwa''' (Isiwan). Siwa d adeg amaziɣ s waṭas n wansayen-is d tutlayt-is (Tasiwit), yezga-d deg rrif n tlisa gar Maṣer d Libya n wass-a. Deg tegzirt-a tamecṭuḥt (oasis), yebna yiwen wafakan ameqqran i wurakl<ref>Oracle</ref> n Amun. Afakan-a yewweḍ ɣer yiwet n cciɛa meqqren deg umaḍal agrakal. Imaziɣen imuriyen d yinumidiyen llan ttasen-d ɣur-s i wakken ad d-ssutren tifrat ɣef txidas n tudert-nsen. Cciɛa n w'''afakan'''-a tewweḍ armi ula d aɣella agrigi '''[[Aliksandr Ameqqran|Aleksander Ameqqran]]''' yerza-d ɣur-s deg useggas 331 u.Ɛ (uqbel Ɛisa) srid seg Maṣer, i wakken ad t-yeqbel urakl-nni d mmi-s n Amun, ayen i as-yefkan aẓayer n uferɛun. === Azamul n Yikerri: D ansay Amaziɣ neɣ Amaṣri? === '''Imyerren''' igejdanen n Amun, ladɣa deg temnaḍt n Siwa d Tmazɣa, qqnen srid ɣer yikerri. Yettmuggez-d d akuc s uqerru neɣ s wacciwen n yikerri yemḍewwren. Dagi i d-yekcem umezruy amaziɣ s telqayt. Amusnaw n umezruy ''Gabriel Camps'' d wiyaḍ ssegzan-d yiwen n usileɣ ameqqran: # '''Aqader n Yikerri ɣer Yimaziɣen:''' Uqbel ad d-yaweḍ Amun ɣer yimaziɣen, ineggaru-ya llan ttgallayen s yikerri. Tasnarkulujit tufa-d deg udrar n weṭlas aṣeḥrawi aṭas n wunuɣen ɣef yiẓra i d-yesskanayen ikerra isɛan aḍebsi n yiṭij gar wacciwen-nsen. Tamyit-a d tin i d-yebdan aṭas n leqrun uqbel n usimɣer n Amun deg Maṣer. # '''Tadukli n Sin Wumyan:''' Asmi taɣerma tamaṣrit tufa-d iman-is gar teqbilin tilubiyin (timaziɣin) n Siwa d tneẓruft, tebna assaɣ gar Wakuc-nsen "Amun-Ra" akked Wakuc-nni aɣerfan n yimaziɣen i d-yettugensen s yikerri. Yuɣal Amun n Siwa, i d-wwin Yigrigiyen u semman-as '''Zeus-Ammon''', d asdukkel gar wucen amaṣri d wansay amaziɣ n uqader n yikerri. === Antay d Tinjis (Antée d Tingis) === '''Antay''' d agellid amaziɣ (neɣ akuc) n wakal. Deg wumyi, yella d mmi-s n Wakal d Yilel, ur yettwut ara deg yimenɣi ma yeqqim tfekka-s tettnal akal. Yettwassen s umenɣi-s ameqqran mgal Hiraklis (Héraclès). Tameṭṭut-is d '''Tinjis''', i yellan d ssebba n usileɣ d usemma n temdint taqerṭant n Ṭanja deg Merruk. == Tanimit: Assaɣ ɣer Ugama d Yitran == Anagraw amyan amaziɣ yebna ɣef umnekni d uqader n ugama (Animisme). Imaziɣen sɛan assaɣ lqayen gar-asen d wayen i ten-id-yezzin: * '''Tafukt d Ayyur:''' Imaziɣen iqburen, akken t-id-yeffser umezray Herodotus, llan ttbuddun iseflawen i tfukt (iṭij) d wayyur. Asɣan-a yettban-d deg tewsatin n tira d ccwami i d-yegran deg yidles amaziɣ sumata. * '''Idurar d Tiẓgiwin:''' Adrar n weṭlas (Atlas) mačči kan d adrar adigan, maca d azamul adelsan. Deg wumyi n yigrigiyen, Atlas d Atitan irefden igenni ɣef tuyat-is, maca laṣel-is tkka-d srid seg tmuɣli tuɣrist tamaziɣ i yiɣeẓran d tqacucin n yidurar. Anagraw amyan amaziɣ yebna ɣef tikti n "tdukli n ugama d yakuc" (animisme/panthéisme). Imaziɣen iqburen ur bḍin ara gar win d-ixelqen d wayen yettwaxelqen. Ma nmuqel-it s tmuɣli n tfeṣna, nezmer ad nini d akken agama s timmad-is d ayakucan ameqqran. Yakuc amaziɣ ur yezgi ara beṛṛa i umaḍal, maca yettwagenses deg-s. Agama yessekfal-d '''imyerren''' yemgaraden n tumast-is, u yal aḥric deg ugama (am udrar, asif, aẓru, neɣ aseklu) yettili d '''askar''' id-yesskanayen udem seg wudmawen n tudert. Ihi, ayen yeddren neɣ ayen illan merra yeddukkel s yiwet n '''tawenza''' i yezdin lxelq ɣer llsas-is. Asɣan-a n ugama yettban-d deg waṭas n yeḥricen: * '''Iẓra d yidurar (Litholâtrie):''' Imaziɣen llan ttqadaren iẓra imeqqranen d tqacucin n yidurar imi ttwalin-ten d iɣsuran igejdanen n tumast. Aṭas n yimukan ttwaxeddmen d isemḍal neɣ d ideggen i d-yessuturen tasreɣta, am udrar n Jurjura neɣ Awrasi, i llan d izamulen n tɣellist d lewqama. * '''Tiliwa d isafen:''' Aman d asagem n tudert. Imaziɣen llan fkan isem n tqedsit i waṭas n tliwa d yisafen. Llan srusun iseflawen ɣer rrif n waman, ttẓallun i wakken ad ssiriden aṭṭanen-nsen neɣ ad d-ssutren aɛiwen. Ansay n tuzza n tiɣersiwin (tifeɣwa) ɣer waman neɣ tacuddit n lḥenni ɣef yisekla yeṭṭfen deg tliwa d ansay id-yegran ar wass-a. * '''Isekla iqeddsen:''' Isekla imeqqranen am tzebbujt neɣ taslent llan ttwamugzen d imukan n tẓallit, anda imettiwen d lejdud ẓẓun iẓuran-nsen. a25kx3jk9g09r10ilcfako1nnm20ip9 0 25495 116715 116710 2026-06-25T10:27:19Z Gurzil90x 14292 Arniɣ-d ayen ilaqen 116715 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Cyprian von Karthago2.jpg|vignette|Tarudemt s wudem usuneɣ n Kupriyan.]] '''Kupriyan'''<ref>Sqedceɣ "k" deg wemkan n "C" deg yisem-agi n "Cyprian" s lmend akken i t-id-qqaren s tlatinit n zik.</ref> (neɣ Kupriyanus) d yiwen seg yimasnakucen imeqqranen n tmasiḥit n zik deg Tefriqt n Ugafa. Ilul-d gar yiseggasen n 200 d 210 S.Ɛ. deg tama n [[Qerṭaj|Kartaj]], yemmut d amaɣras deg useggas n 258. D win yefkan azal ameqqran i umezruy n tsekla d tesnakuca tamasihit n tallit tarumanit, yerna yeǧǧa-d aṭas n yiḍrisen d tebratin i d-isbeggnen amek tella tmetti d wesɣan deg lqern wis kraḍ. == Tudert-is == * '''Talalit d Usinen:''' Kupriyan ilul-d deg yiwet n twacult tamerkantit, d tagetyakuct (païenne). Deg temẓi-s, yeɣra tasnukyest d uzref, yella d amennay yettwassnen aṭas deg Kartaj. Uqbel ad yekcem ɣer tmasiḥit, yella yettziyar ifakanen n Rruman, yettidir tudert n yimarkantiyen. Talalit-is teḍra-d deg temnaḍt n Kartaj, i yellan d yiwet seg temdinin timeqqranin yerna d tigensasin n Umenkad Aruman deg Tefriqt n Ugafa. Tawacult-is, imi tesɛa ccan d yisem ameqqran deg tmetti tarumanit, tefka-as tagnit iwatan akken ad yidir tudert n rreḥba d tbaɣur, yerna tewwi-t ɣer wiberdan n tussna d tɣuri lqayen. Deg temẓi-s, Kupriyan(neɣ Cyprian s tfranṣist) yesɛedda asinen-is deg yiɣerbazen ifazen akk n tallit-nni. Yefka lwelha-s s umata ɣer tesnukyest akked uzref, sin n yiḥricen i d-yettaken amkan ɛlayen i wemdan deg tsertit d tmetti. S tlatinit, i yellan d tutlayt idelsan d tutlayt n udabu n Kartaj deg lqern wis kraḍ, yelmed amek ara iseddu awal, amek ara yessewjed inawen yelhan, d wamek ara issekcem iman-is deg tlufa n teɣdemt. S usinen-a lqayen, yuɣal d amestan (abugaṭu) d umennay ameqqran i yettqadaren aṭas yemdanen. Yella yettekkay s wudem uzzig deg yisaragen d tzeɣwa n usenqed, yettḥadar ɣef yizerfan n yimarkantiyen d wid yesɛan adabu. Tussna-s deg wawal tessaweḍ-it ad yesɛu amkan d ameqqran gar yimawlan n tsertit n Kartaj, yerna isem-is yeffeɣ-d deg yal amkan n temdint. Send(Uqbel) anekcum-is ɣer wesɣan amasiḥi, Kupriyan yella yettidir akken tebɣa tmetti-s tagetyakuct. Yella yettekkay deg tfaskiwin d wansayen n Rruman, yettzuru ifakanen akken ad issefel i yikucen-nsen. Tudert-is tella tbedd ɣef zzhu, ayla d wazal amettan, ayen i t-yeǧǧan ad yidir i kra n yiseggasen d amdan yesɛan akk tiɣbula n ddunit, mebla ma yesḥassef ɣef wayen i t-irajan deg yimal s tmasiḥit i ibeddlen udem n tudert-is s lekmal. * '''Anekcum ɣer Tmasiḥit:''' Deg useggas n 246, yekcem ɣer tmasiḥit s ufus n yiwen uqessis isem-is ''Caecilianus''. Ibeddel tudert-is s lekmal: yefka ayla-s d tbaɣurin-is i yigellilen, yuɣal yettidir s teqneɛt d tẓallit. Tudert n Kupriyan tebded deg tazwara ɣef zzhu, ayla d ccan, maca deg daxel-is yella iḥuss s kra n lexṣaṣ d uɣurru n ddunit tarumanit i yettidiren deg-s. Ɣas akken yesɛa idrimen d wemkan ɛlayen deg tmetti n Kartaj, ur yufi ara talwit n wul, yerna iwala amek iruḥ wazal n tɣellist d tezdeg deg tsertit d wansayen n Rruman. D tagnit-a n ccekk d usteqsi i t-yeǧǧan ad yemlil d yiwen n uqessis amasiḥi awessar isem-is Caecilianus. Amdan-a yesɛa-d tazrirt tameqqrant ɣef tiktiwin n Kupriyan, yessaweḍ ad as-yegzem ccekk, ad t-issekcem ɣer ubrid n liman amaynut. Deg useggas n 246 S.Ɛ., Cyprian yewwi-d taɣtest ara ibeddlen amecwar n tudert-is s lekmal: yeǧǧa asɣan-is agetyakuc (païen) yerna yekcem ɣer wesɣan amasiḥi. Anekcum-is ɣer tmasiḥit ur yelli ara kan d awal yettwanṭeqen, maca d tigawt lqayen i yeswehmen akk imdanen i t-yessnen deg Kartaj. Akken kan yeqbel asirred (aɣḍas deg waman), Kupriyan yexdem ayen ur yebni yiwen fell-as: yezzenz ayla-s meṛṛa, tiferkiwin-is d tbaɣurin-is, yerna yefka idrimen-nni i yigellilen d wid yeḥwaǧen. Ayagi yessenɛet-d liman-is ameqqran d teqneɛt-is, imi yefren ad yidir ddaw n yisuraf n cceḥḥa d tẓallit, mebla zzhu d tmenɣiwt n zik. S leqder i uqessis-nni i t-iwellhen, yerna isem n "Caecilius" ɣer yisem-is anaṣli, yuɣal yettusemma s tlatinit ''Thascius Caecilius Cyprianus''. Seg tama n usinen d tektiwin, Kupriyan yezzi iman-is ɣef yidlisen d tsekla n yifakanen n Rruman i yella yeqqar d iseggasen, yuɣal yerra lwelha-s s lǧehd ɣer tɣuri n Yedlisen Iqedsen d tkatayin n tmasiḥit n tallit-nni. Yeqqel d anelmad wuzzig n Tertullien (Tertullianus), yiwen seg yimasnakucen (théologiens) imezwura n Tefriqt n Ugafa, i wumi yella yeqqar s leqder "Aselmad". Uɣal-a ɣer tɣuri d ubeddel n tikli-s rran-t d amdan yeṣfan, i yettwaqadren aṭas gar yimasiḥiyen n temnaḍt, ayen i as-yelldin abrid akken ad t-fernen d amasay ameqqran n teklizt n Kartaj kra n yiseggasen kan seld anekcum-is. * '''Amasay n Teklizt:''' Kra n yiseggasen kan seld anekcum-is ɣer wesɣan amaynut (deg 248), yettwafren d amasay ameqqran n teklizt n Kartaj s yisem n tegmat d yinaflasen. Kra n wakud kan seld anekcum-is ɣer wesɣan amaynut, Kupriyan yufa iman-is deg yiwen n wemkan ɛlayen aṭas ur yebni fell-as. Lǧehd n liman-is, tikli-s yeṣfan, d tmusni-s lqayen ssawḍen-t ad isebgen iman-is d amdan i d-yufraren gar yinaflasen. Deg useggas n 248 S.Ɛ., asmi yemmut umasay ameqqran n Kartaj, agdud amasiḥi akked tuget n yiqessisen franen Kupriyan akken ad yeṭṭef asɣim-nni. Ɣas akken ayagi yella d ayen issewhamen imi ur iɛeṭṭel ara deg tmasiḥit (d amaynut deg wesɣan), tayri n wegdud d tzemmar-is deg usegzi n wawal rran-t d amasay ameqqran n teklizt n Kartaj s wudem unsib. Maca, asali-ines ɣer wemkan-a ur yelli ara mebla uguren, imi yegla-d s wawal d nneqma. Yiwet n terbaɛt n yiqessisen iqdimen, i d-yewwin nnig n wul amek ara d-yufrar wemdan i d-ikecmen iḍelli kan ɣer wesɣan akken ad ten-iḥkem, bdan ttmagaren-t-id yerna ugin udabu-s. Ɣas akken yella uɣilif-a daxel n teklizt, Kupriyan yessebgen-d s tazzla lhiba-s d tsertit-is i yebnan ɣef tdukli. S tmusni n uzref i d-yewwi seg temẓi-s d tzemmar-is deg uheggi n yinawen, yessaweḍ ad iseddu lumuṛ n teklizt s tarrayt yelhan. Yefka azal ameqqran i tdukli gar yinaflasen, ḥader ɣef yilugan n tẓallit, yerna yessewseɛ tallalt i yigellilen d wid i d-tewwet lmeḥna, ayen i t-yessawḍen ad yuɣal d aqerru aḥeqqani i yettwaqadren deg Tefriqt n Ugafa meṛṛa. Deg useggas n 250 S.Ɛ., tiwawin rkant fell-as mi d-tekka yiwet n tiḥersi tameqqrant sɣur umenkad aṛumani ''Decius''. Aṭas n yimasiḥiyen i yettwanɣan neɣ i yettwaḥebbsen acku ugin ad sseflen i yikucen n Rruman. Deg tallit-a n ddiq, Kupriyan yewwi-d yiwet n taɣtest mgal-is amzun yessawlen i ccwal: yerwel seg Kartaj, yeffer iman-is akken ur t-tettaṭṭaf ara udabu arumani. Aṭas i t-ilumen ɣef waya, nnan-d iwacu yeffer d netta d amasay, maca netta yessegza-d d akken taɣtest-is d tin i d-yekkan seg yiwen uweḥḥi (tamuɣli seg usugen). Yenna-d yexdem ayagi akken ad ikemmel ad iseddu teknisa s tebratin deg wakud n wuguren, acku lmut-is imiren tella ad tḥaz s teknisa. S tuffra-s, iqqim yettaru-d tibratin i yiqessisen d yinaflasen, yettwellih-iten amek ara ssuksen iman-nsen d wamek ara ṭṭfen deg liman-nsen ɣas akken tuɣ-iten teswiɛt qessiḥet. * '''Tiḥersi d Lmut-is:''' Deg tallit n umenkad arumani Decius (250), tebda-d tiḥersi tameqqrant mgal imasiḥiyen. Kupriyan yerwel seg temdint akken ad iḥader ɣef teklizt d yinaflasen-is s tuffra. Ayagi yegla-d s wugur ameqqran ɣef wid yeǧǧan asɣan-nsen akken ad sseflen i yikucen irumaniyen. Deg useggas n 258, ddaw lḥekma n umenkad Valerian, ḥekmen fell-as s lmut, nɣan-t s tkuba(agestur), yuɣal d amaɣras. Tallit taneggarut n tudert n Kupriyan n Kartaj teččur d lmeḥna d ujeṛṛeb n teflest(liman), imi temyagar d tiḥersi qessiḥet i d-isbedd umenkad aṛumani Valerian. Deg useggas n 257 S.Ɛ., amenkad-a yefka-d anaḍ amaynut i d-yessuturen deg yimasayen meṛṛa n teglizt tamesiḥit ad qadren ansayen n udabu aṛumani, ad ẓuren ifakanen n Rruman akken ad sseflen i yikucen-nsen. Kupriyan, imi d amasay ameqqran yerna s liman-is ur nettembibbi, yugi s wudem n teflest ad ixdem ayagi neɣ ad issefel i wayen iwala d isanamen. Ɣef ugin-is, aduba yessufeɣ-it seg temdint n Kartaj s lɣerba ɣer yiwet n temnaḍt isem-is Curubis (Qurba n tura, ɣer yiri n yilel). Ɣas akken yella d abeṛṛani deg wemkan-nni, ikemmel ad iḥader ɣef teɣri n teklizit-is; yeqqim yettaru-d tibratin i yinaflasen d wid yettwaḥebbsen, isseǧhad wulawen-nsen akken ad qablen taswiɛt s sṣbeṛ d tdukli. Maca, taswiɛt terwi ugar deg useggas n 258 S.Ɛ., asmi d-yefka Valerian anaḍ wis sin, i yellan yewɛeṛ ugar n umezwaru. Yenna-d d akken imasayen, iqessisen d yiqerrazen (diacres) i yugin ifakanen n Rruman tewwi-d ad ttwanɣen ɣef ddemma, am wakken i d-iḥettem ɣef yimasiḥiyen yesɛan ccan ad ttwekksen seg udabu yerna ad ttwakksent tbaɣurin-nsen. Kupriyan rran-t-id s lḥif ɣer Kartaj akken ad isɛeddi asenqed neɣ azmeẓ sdat n umasay ameqqran (proconsul) Galerius Maximus. Azmeẓ-a amezrayan yeqqim-d deg ccfawat n umezruy: lḥakem isuter-as s nneqma ad ixdem ansayen n teglest tarumanit neɣ ad iqbel lmut, Kupriyan yerra-as-d s tewzel d lḥeqq: "Ur xeddmeɣ ara." S wawal-a, ladabu yefka taɣtest n lmut mgal-is s usawen n tkuba (agestur). Iṭij n teqneɛt yeflali-d deg wudem n Kupriyan i d-yerren kan s yiwet n tefyirt: "Ad yettubarek Yakuc" (Deo gratias). Ass n 14 deg ctember 258, wwin Kupriyan ɣer wemkan n tmenɣiwt deg yiwet n tẓegwa n Kartaj. Agdud ameqqran n yimasiḥiyen d yinaflasen-is nnejmaɛen-d akken ad walin amasay-nsen i tikkelt taneggarut yerna ad t-qadren. S tegmat d iḥulfan lqayen, iweṣṣa akken ad fken 25 n twiztin n wureɣ(ddheb) i win ara s-igezmen aqerru, d aselmed aneggaru n wul yessnen tajmilt ɣas i weɛdaw-is. Zdat n tkuba, inaflasen-is sersen-d isebniyen d lkettan ɣer lqaɛa akken ad d-jemɛen idammen-is d asfel iqedsen i umezruy. S wegzam n uqerruy-is, Kupriyan yuɣal d amaɣras ameqqran amezwaru deg tekliza n Tefriqt n Ugafa, yerna teqqim-d tmeddurt-is, s uḥader-is ɣef tdukli n wesɣan d tebɣest-is sdat n lmut, d tafat d tneɣruft i tsutwin i d-itebɛen. == Tiktiwin-is d Tesnakuca (Tussna deg uḥric n usɣan) == Tiktiwin n Kupriyan rẓant aṭas n yiḥricen deg umezruy n wesɣan, ladɣa ayen yeɛnan asuddes n teklizt d wassaɣen gar yinaflasen: * '''Tadukli n Teknisa:''' Tikti-s tagejdant tella ɣef tdukli n wesɣan. Iwala d akken taknisa tewwi-d ad tili d yiwet, ur tebḍi ara. Yenna-d awal-is yettwassnen aṭas deg umezruy: ''"Ur yezmir ara ad yesɛu Yakuc d ababat, win ur nesɛi ara taknisa d tayemmat."'' * '''Ugur n wid yeɣlin (Lapsi):''' Deg tallit n tiḥersi, aṭas n yimasiḥiyen i yexdmen asfel deg yifakanen n Rruman akken ad menɛen ɣef tudert-nsen. Mi tɛedda ccda, bɣan ad d-uɣalen ɣer teklizt. Cyprian yufa-d yiwen wugur ameqqran: amek ara teg taknisa yid-sen? Yessebded-d tarrayt talemmast: wid yeɣlin deg ubekkaḍ tewwi-d ad stutben (ad ndmen), ad sɛeddin akud n tatubt uqbel ad d-uɣalen ɣer tdukli tamesɣant, war amdel fell-asen tiwwura s lekmal. * '''Aɣrudan mgal Tilelli Taglizant:''' Kupriyan yella yettḥadar ɣef tilelli n yimasayen n teklizt deg temnaḍin-nsen. Yella mgal usnas n udabu aɣrudan n Ruma ɣef tekliziwin n Tefriqt n Ugafa, ladɣa deg temsalt n ucehhed d wusirred n wid d-yekkan seg tɣerfiwin(sectes) tyettwaɛzlen. Iwala d akken imasayen n teklizt sɛan tagada gar-asen. * '''Asfel n Tẓallit:''' Iwala d akken taẓallit n temlilit (Eucharistie) d amedya n usfel n Ɛisa, d aḥric agejdan deg tezmart taruḥanit n yinaflasen. == Leqdec-is d Yidlisen-is == Cyprian yura aṭas n yiḍrisen s tlatinit, d tutlayt idelsan n tallit-nni deg Kartaj. Leqdec-is yebna ɣef uḥader n wesɣan d uwellih n yinaflasen: * '''De unitate ecclesiae (Ɣef tdukli n teklizt):''' D aḍris-is axatar akk. Deg-s i d-yessegza amek ara d-tili tdukli gar yimasnakucen d yimasiḥiyen, d wamek ara ḥadren ɣef tdukli n wesɣan mgal beṭṭu. * '''De lapsis (Ɣef wid yeɣlin):''' D aḍris anda i d-yefka tifrat i wugur n wid yeffɣen i wesɣan deg tallit n tiḥersi, d wamek ara d-uɣalen s tgerẓawt (repentir). * '''De dominica oratione (Ɣef tẓallit n Massi-nneɣ):''' D aḍris i d-yessegzayen azal n tẓallit n "Babat-nneɣ" d wamek i d-tettak tazmert i wanaflas deg talliyin n lmeḥna. * '''Tibratin (Épîtres):''' Yeǧǧa-d ammud n wugar n 80 n tebratin. Tibratin-a d agerruj i wid yettnadin ɣef umezruy n tsekla d tmetti n Tefriqt n Ugafa n lqern wis 3, imi skanayent-d s telqayt amek llan ttidiren, amek ttemsefhamen, d wuguren i d-ttmagaren. ij5zavxgxnyoh6cq5vsiink1ycytzgb