Wikipedia kabwiki https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asebter_agejdan MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.14 first-letter Media Uslig Mmeslay Amseqdac Amyannan umsqedac Wikipedia Amyannan n Wikipedia Tugna Amyannan n tugna MediaWiki Amyannan n MediaWiki Talɣa Amyannan n talɣa Tallat Amyannan n tallat Taggayt Amyannan n taggayt Awwur Amyannan uwwur Asenfaṛ Amyannan usenfaṛ TimedText TimedText talk Module Discussion module Event Event talk Sujet 0 16392 117012 116365 2026-08-07T16:29:08Z InternetArchiveBot 10734 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260807)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 117012 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox}} '''Aburɣes''' (asget: '''ibureɣsen'''), ([[isem ussnan]]: '''Insecta''') d [[asmil (tasnudert)|asmil]] n [[aɣersiw|yiɣersiwen]] [[tiraɣlalin|iraɣlalen]] yeṭṭafaren [[astirf (tasnudert)|adur]] n [[Tiswermin|tuwrimin]], yerna ibureɣsen i d [[tasartut n tesnudert|asesmel]] yellan yakk s waṭas deg [[astirf (tasnudert)|wadur]] n tuwrimin. Ɣas akken ass-a yettwassen s yisem n '''Ubeɛɛuc''' neɣ '''Abexxuc''', maca sin n wawalen-a d uzligen, acku ttwakksen-d seg yirem aẓaṛan '''Aburɣes'''. Ibureɣsen mmalen-d tagrawt tuggtant deg [[amuddir|yimuddiren]] yakk yellan deg [[tagnit|tegnit]], acku deg usmil-a llant ugar n umelyun n [[talmest|telmas]] yettugelmen (ayen yegdan azgen n yimuddiren yellan deg tegnit). Maca, azal n 30 n imelyan n [[tawacult (tasnudert)|twaculin]] mazal urid (werɛad) ur [[tasartut n tesnudert|ttussemlen-t]], ayen i d-immalen 90% n yimudden yellan deg tegnit.<br/> Ar tura, ttwassemlen-d wazal n 5000 n [[talmest|telmas]] n [[Timzerɣlin|temzerɣlin]], d 2000 n [[talɣemt n yellu|tleɣmatin n yellu]] (tagmart n sidna Sliman), d 20,000 n telmas n [[abẓiẓ|yebẓaẓ]], d 170,000 n telmas [[aferṭeṭṭu|iferṭeṭṭa]] d [[afaylellis|ifaylellisen]] , d 170,000 d telmas n [[izi|yizan]] d 82,000 n telmas n [[Tizinfriwin|tzinfriwin]], d 360,000 n telmas n [[izinzer|izinzren]] d 110,000 n telmas n [[tizizwit|tzizwa]] d [[arẓaẓ|yerẓaẓen]] d [[ageṭṭuf|igeṭfen]] akken daɣen yellan wazal n 2 ar 5 n yimelyan n telmas ur nettwassen. == Amezruy n yiburɣas == iburɣas d [[aɣersiw|iɣersiwen]] imezwura i d-ibanen yakk deg [[tagnit|tegnit]], Aya send n 435 imelyan n yiseggasen, ɣef wannect-a tella-d d iɣersiwen imenza yakk yettferfiren acku zwaren-d [[iptiṛusuren]] s wazal n 204 n yimelyan n yiseggasen. == Asesmel ussnan == {| class="wikitable" style="float:right; width:20em;" | {| style="background:Transparent; border:solid 0 #503df9;" ! colspan="4" style="background:#E6D09D" |[[Tasartut n tesnudert|Asesmel]] |- |<div style="width:105%; max-height:600px; overflow:auto;"></div> |- |} {| | rowspan="4" style="background:#ECF4ED" |'''ibureɣsen''' | colspan="3" style="background:#ECF4ED" | {| class="collapsible collapsed" style="float:left; background:Transparent;" ![[Taynaslamin]] |- | style="border-top: 1px solid black;" |-[[Tidfernegzanin]] <small>- 470</small> |} |- | rowspan="3" style="background:#ECF4ED" |'''[[Tasnaslamin]]''' | colspan="2" style="background:#ECF4ED" | {| class="collapsible collapsed" style="float:right; background:Transparent;" ![[Tarfriwin]] |- | style="border-top: 1px solid black;" |-[[Tizzardfarin]]<small><200 </small> |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Munura]] |} |- | rowspan="2" style="background:#ECF4ED" |'''[[Timsefriwin]]''' | style="background:#ECF4ED" | {| class="collapsible collapsed" style="float:right; background:Transparent;" ![[Timzifriwin]] |- | style="border-top: 1px solid black;" |-[[izimay]]<small>- 2,500–<3,000</small> |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Timzerɣlin]]<small>- 6,500 </small> |} |- | style="background:#ECF4ED" | {| class="collapsible collapsed" style="float:right; background:Transparent;" ![[Tatrafriwin]] |- | style="border-top: 1px solid black;" |-[[Tizeglelluyin]]<small> – 3,684–4,000</small> |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[izinzren]]<small> – 360,000–400,000</small> |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[imerzel|Timerzlin]]<small> – 1,816</small> |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tasenfriwin]]<small> – 152,956</small> |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tidderfriwin]]<small> – 200–300</small> |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tizinfriwin]]<small> – 50,000–80,000</small> |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tadlafriwin]]<small> – 115,000</small> |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tikebrfriwin]]<small> – 174,250</small> |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tileɣmatin n yellu]]<small> – 2,200</small> |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tiɣzefriwin]]<small> – 481</small> |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tihrifriwin]]<small> – 250–300</small> |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Taẓaṛfriwin]]<small> – 5,000</small> |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tidefrifriwin]]<small> – 30</small> |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tusridfriwin]]<small> – 24,380</small> |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tiẓɣuɣin (tafesna)|Tiẓɣuɣin]]<small> – 2,500–3,300</small> |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tilkinin]]<small> – 3,000–3,200</small> |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Timdelfriwin]]<small> – 2,274</small> |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tiɣẓefriwin]]<small> – 5,500</small> |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[izizrem|Tizizermin]]<small> – 210</small> |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tikurdin]]<small> – 2,525</small> |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tibernfriwin]]<small> – 596</small> |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tiblawfriwin]]<small> – 5,000</small> |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[izi bu tmecrag]]<small> – 12,627</small> |- |<nowiki>-</nowiki>[[Tizuraptirin]]<small> – 28</small> |} |} |- | [[Aɣawas azuẓlan]] i tegrawin n iburɣas imidduren،<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.tolweb.org/Insecta/8205 | title = Insecta | date = 2002 | publisher = Tree of Life Web Project | access-date = 12 mayyu 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190402093445/http://www.tolweb.org/Insecta/8205 | archive-date = 2 yebrir 2019 }}</ref> D wuṭṭun n telmas i yal tagrawt.<ref name="number">{{cite book|author =Erwin, Terry L.|date=1997|title=Biodiversity at its utmost: Tropical Forest Beetles|pages=27–40}} In: {{cite book|editor1=Reaka-Kudla, M. L.|editor2=Wilson, D. E.|editor3=Wilson, E. O.|title=Biodiversity II|year=1997|url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityiiun00reak|publisher=Joseph Henry Press, Washington, D.C.}}</ref> [[Tarfriwin]]، [[Timzifriwin]]، d [[Tuffiɣfriwin| ]] ahat-itent d tigrawin [[azunẓar|tizunẓarin]]. |} == Tilmas n yiburɣas == Imusnawen n yiburɣas ufan-d d akken uṭṭun n yiburɣas deg yal Amil amkuẓ (1 Mill ⁴) yegda uṭṭun n [[afgan|yifganen]] yellan deg [[tagnit|tegnit]] yakk acku llan-t imelyan n [[talmest|telmas]] akken daɣen id snirrimen seg 5 ar 7 n yigimen n telmas deg yal aseggas. Acku d akken llan-t waṭas n [[tawacult (tasnudert)|twaculin]] d telmas d [[tafesna (tasnudert)|tfesna]] yemgaraden, yettili-d uglam-nsent s waṭas n tegrawin gar-asent: === Izinezren === {{Main|Izinzer}} [[Tugna:Dungbeetle.jpg|right|thumb|150x150px|[[Aẓerri]].]] Izinezren ssiliɣen-d tagrawt meqqren yakk n ibureɣsen s wazal n 300.000 n telmas yemgaraden, akken i yezmer ad yili userwes-nsen yakk d [[tinaɣlalin|yiɣersiwen inaɣlalen]] am [[aslem|yiselman]] d [[agṭiṭ|yigṭaṭ]] d [[tikelmanin|tkelmanin]] d [[timraradin|temraradin]] d [[timsuṭad|temsuṭaṭ]] i gebren seg 43,000 n telmas kan. Iglamen yettwaskaden s tuget deg yizinezren d tayuga n yifraren n wafriwen imehzen seg tyuga tamenzut n wafriwen. [[Tugna:Ladybird.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px|[[Mrim migran]].]] Seg telmas yettwassnen yakk deg tfesna n izinezren d [[tamyigrant]] yettidiren deg yakk [[amenẓaw|imenẓawen]] (anagar [[Antraktika]]) anda i d-tessiluɣ tagrawt taxatart n [[tagemra|tnegmarin]], Tla azal meqqren deg wučči n [[agulaf|igulafen]] d [[iwakuzen]] i ṭṭurrayen imɣan, dɣa anecta d ayen yeǧǧan imekrazen ad ten-tt-senkeren ===Iferṭeṭṭa d ifaylellisen=== {{Main|Afaylellis|Aferṭeṭṭu}} D ayen yemrayen (iweɛṛen) ad tili tukza n imgaraden gar n [[Afaylellis|ifaylellisen]] d [[aferṭeṭṭu|yiferṭeṭṭa]] maca tukza n umgarad-a tezmer ad tili sɣur n tallit n urmud-nsent d kra n imaskanen-nsent anda azal ameqran n ifaylellisen ttbinen-tt-d deg yiṭ akken i lant [[timejjiwin]] n wefriw yerna ṭeffsent afriwen-nsenrt s talɣa taglawant ɣef izaguren-nsent. Ma d iferṭeṭṭa ttferfiren deg wass yerna lant timejjiwin yettfakkan s tuffet akken i ṭeffsen afriwen-nsen s talɣa taratakt ɣef yizaguren-nsen. Dɣa izagen-a n umgarad d ixataren s waṭas. === Izan === {{Main|Izi}} [[Tugna:Close-up of Chrysomya (Old World blow fly) on a green leaf.jpg|thumb|180x180px|Izi n usameɣ azegzaw, d yiwet n telmast n ibureɣsen [[tijjenṭedt|ajenṭad]]]] Yezmer ad yili ufriri n tegrawt-a taxatart meqqren gar n ibureɣsen yakk, anda i tla yiwet n tyuga n wafriwen ma d tayuga tis snat yuɣal meẓẓiy i wakken ad yuɣal d allal n umejgugel yemmugen am umesraf. Dɣa [[tadast]] s [[talmest|telmas-is]] yemgaraden iga d amedya igerrzen i yigmamen n tegrawt-a, anda yettwassen s ukerrec-is itekkmen (iqerrḥen) akken i d-tesskaray [[urnan]]. == Irẓaẓen, Irẓuzen, Tizizwa yakk d yigeṭfen == {{Main|Arẓaẓ|rẓuzen|Tizizwa| Ageṭṭuf}} [[Tugna:European_honey_bee_extracts_nectar.jpg|right|thumb|180x180px|Tazizwit n tamment.]] Tizizwa d tagrawt meqqren n ibureɣsen, amur ameqran deg-sent ttidirent deg tehrest anda ixeddment yakk i ubaɣur imezdi. Amedya: tahrest n [[tizizwa n tamment|tzizwa n tamment]] tettwasemmes ɣef tgellidt tameqrant yettilin d tagensast ɣef usersi n tmellalin, ma d tawuri n iwetmen d asebrer n tmellalin n tgellidt. Deg wakud anda ixeddment tqeddacin imahilen niden. Dɣa timettiyin n igeṭfen d yirẓaẓen d wid yettemcabin timetti n tzizwa anda ttidirent deg tegrawin i teddmen aṭas n yigmamen i ttemyallalen gugar-asen. === Ikurdan d tilkin === {{Main|Tilkit|Ikurdan}} [[File:Male human head louse.jpg|thumb|284x284px|[[Tilkit]] deg uqerru n wemdan.]] [[Ikurdan]] d [[Tilkit|tilkin]] d ijenṭaden yettidiren deg wamur uffiɣ n tfekka n umesnubget-is. Tilmas-a isnat-nsent ur lint ara afriwen. Mekknent [[timsuṭad]] (gar-asent andan) yakk d [[agṭiṭ|yigṭaṭ]] anda ittsummunt idammen i wakken ad farsent timellalin, ayen yettaǧǧa ad sneṭṭen aṭas n tlmas n waṭṭanen, dɣa [[tasakrart]] n [[tarka|terka]] yakk d [[tarka taberkant|terka taberkant]] yenfufden deg [[Turuft|Uruppa]] d [[tamurt n Leqbayel|tmurt n Yiqbayliyen]] deg [[tallit talemmas]] yedda yerna yenfufed s yikurdan ittidiren deg tfekkiwin n [[aɣuli|iɣuliwen]] iy ṭṭef waṭṭan-a. Ma d aṭṭan n Tifus ittili-d deg tamiwin yumsen yeččuren d tilkin i d-tissawaṭen seg wemdan ɣer wemdan niden. === Ibẓaẓ, Ijṛaden, Iwerǧeǧǧiyen === {{Main|Abẓiẓ|Ajṛad|Awerǧeǧǧi|Aburjij|Azeglellu}} [[Tugna:Chorthippus_biguttulus_f_8835.jpg|thumb|284x284px|[[Abẓiẓ]].]] D tagrawt n warrasen d [[timestuga]] i tetten s waṭas. Anda i d-gellunt s isettwiɣen i yilan n wemdan. Anda [[abẓiẓ|ibẓaẓ]] d [[aburjij|iburjijen]] d yibureɣsen ittilin deg wurtan d yilmayen ur d-gellun ara s usettwiɣ meqqren i yimdanen, maca imdanen kerhen-ten s usrag n tmeẓri-ines ilicen d imesli-ines. Ma d [[ajṛad]] de win isettwaɣayen s waṭas imendiyen d yimmaden. [[Tugna:Cockroachcloseup.jpg|thumb|284x284px|[[Azeglellu]].]] Dɣa [[Azeglellu|izeglella]] d yisen seg yigmamen yettwassnen yakk deg tegrawt-a, acku yettili deg yakk ideggan anda yettili wemdan, anda yettwaf ama deg yixxamen neɣ deg wanda iṭṭeggiren igudiyen. == Učči == Iburɣas d [[amuddir|imuddiren]] ig tetten aṭas n [[Učči|wučči]] ya d učči [[imɣan|amɣaw]] neɣ [[aɣersiw|aɣersaw]], llan iburɣas ig tetten [[aksum]] d [[iɣess|iɣsan]] d [[idammen]] d [[acencaw|ucencaw]] akken daɣen illan iburɣas ig tetten [[asɣaṛ]] == Tudert n uburɣes == === Asileɣ === Aṭas n ibureɣsen ttlalen-d i wakken ad qqimen d imeẓyanen. Acku amur ameqran n ibureɣsen beddun tudert-nsen s agensu n tmellalt anda i tettili tettwaggeẓ s teclemt yeqquren. [[Tawtemt]] tessrusay aṭas n tmellalin, Amedya: tawtemt n [[izi|yizi]] tessrusay 1000 n tmellalin deg 15 n wussan kan maca mi ara ad frurxent tmellalin-nni anagar kra n yizan Kan ara ad iqqimen d imidduren. Dɣa anecta yegguni ɣef twennaṭ anda yettidir uburɣes (ma yella wučči d yiba n [[tagemra|tnegmarin]]). === Tamhazt === Amur ameqran n ibureɣsen ttefrurxen-d seg tmellalin itessrusay tayemmat-nsen deg yiferran n yimɣan neɣ deg waman neɣ deg tamiwin niden. Maca llant tilmas niden i d-ittmagen deg tmellalt s agensu n tfekka n tayemmat sin akin ad ilal d amiddur. Maca, s umata-nsen ttaken-d seg waṭas n talliyin n ibeddilen mi ara ad gemmun, ma d asrag yettaǧǧan ibureɣsen ad scelmen taɣessa-nsen tuffiɣt yettuɣal ɣer tɣuri n teclemt-nsen ittikrisen ɣef uburɣes mi ara ad igmu, dɣa srid mi ara ad iffeɣ uburɣes seg tɣessa-ines ad yimɣur w ad s-temmag tɣessa d tamaynut. Azal ameqran n ibureɣsen ttekken-d seg yiwen gar n snat n telmas n [[tamhazt|temhazt]], igan ya d [[tamhazt tummidt]] neɣ tamhazt tanaktamt, anda [[tatlulleɣt|titlullɣin]] d [[Abẓiẓ|yibẓaẓ]] d [[aburjij|iburjijen]] gan d ibureɣsen i d-itekken seg tallit n temhazt tanaktamt anda amgarad gar n ibureɣsen imawaṭen d yifrax-is d win ibanen s waṭas == Assaɣ n ibureɣsen d wemdan == [[Tugna:Aedes_aegypti_biting_human.jpg|thumb|Tizit n tawla tawraɣt d aburɣes ajenṭad issenṭaṭen aṭṭan n [[tawla tawraɣt.]]]] Aṭas seg twaculin n ibureɣsen ttumeggzent d tijenṭadin yerna tthewwilent amdan, ibureɣsen ittumeggzen d ijenṭaden akka gan d [[tadast|tadasin]], [[tilkit|tilkin]], [[izi|izan]] yakk d [[aselluf|isellufen]], anda tiwaculin-a d tid yessenṭaṭen aṭas n telmas n [[aṭṭan|waṭṭanen]] ma d [[aramud|iramuden]] yakk d [[ajṛad|yijṛaden]] d wid iṭṭurrayen imɣan d imendiyen. D ayen yeǧǧan aṭas n imusnawen ad mmuzzgen s tezrawt n tarrayin yemgaraden i wakken ad sneɣden deg umdan n ibureɣsen anda i ssemrasen [[imsenger]] n tillicin. Maca taggara ayi uɣalen ttganayen ugar ɣef iɣunab n usenɣed igamanen d yisnudranen. == Ẓeṛ daɣen == * [[Tijedmenni]] * [[Amenzel]] * [[Tiṭṭa]] * [[Akuz]] * [[Tuccent n waman]] [[Taggayt:ibureɣsen]] [[Taggayt:tasenburɣest]] [[Taggayt:Idurra n iɣersiwen]] oc3vo5nj5s5cm36lyf05jmfia4p8zc2 0 20524 117011 115358 2026-08-07T16:28:58Z InternetArchiveBot 10734 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260807)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 117011 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sibbus''' neɣ '''Bufsiw''' ([[isem ussnan]]: '''Regulus''') d [[tawsit (tudersent)|tawsit]] n [[ijqiwen|yijqiwen]] yeṭṭafaren [[tawacult (tasnudert)|tawacult]] n [[tibufsiwin|tbufsiwin]]. Sibbus d agṭiṭ meẓẓiyen, tikwal yettusesmel deg twacult n [[Tisaflawin|tsafliwin]]. == Aglam == == Tasensartut == Sibbus d tagrawt meẓẓiyen n yigṭaṭ, tikwal yettmers deg twacult n [[Tisaflawin|tsafliwin]], maca s tselnin yettunefk-as-d waddad n twacult,<ref name = BB852 >{{cite journal |last= Monroe |first= Burt L. |date=February 1992 |title= The new DNA-DNA avian classification: What's it all about? |journal= [[British Birds (magazine)|British Birds]] |volume=85 |issue= 2|pages=53–61 }}</ref> aladɣa imi tizrawin tineggura mmlent-d aya. Ɣas akken lland imcabiyen ijumnanen, maca sibbus yaggug deg [[asismel n tesnudert|tsensartut]] ɣef [[Asaflaw|usaflaw]].<ref name= Barker>{{cite journal | last= Barker | first= F Keith | author2= Barrowclough, George F | author3= Groth, Jeff G | year= 2002 | title= A phylogenetic hypothesis for passerine birds: taxonomic and biogeographic implications of an analysis of nuclear DNA sequence data | journal= [[Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B]] | volume= 269 | pages= 295&ndash;308 | url= http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/269/1488/295.full.pdf | doi= 10.1098/rspb.2001.1883 | pmid= 11839199 | pmc= 1690884 | issue= 1488 }}{{Assaɣ yerrẓen|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name= Spicer>{{cite journal | last= Spicer | first= Greg S | author2= Dunipace, Leslie | year= 2004 | title= Molecular phylogeny of songbirds (Passerifor-mes) inferred from mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences | pmid= 14715224 | doi= 10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00193-3 | journal= [[Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution]] | volume= 30 | issue= 2 | pages= 325&ndash;335 | url= http://online.sfsu.edu/~gs/spicer/pages/spicerpdf/spicerdunipace04.pdf | format= | access-date= 2020-11-09 | archive-date= 2012-03-04 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120304150636/http://online.sfsu.edu/~gs/spicer/pages/spicerpdf/spicerdunipace04.pdf | url-status= dead }}</ref>. Addad n waṭas n talɣiwin ttwasefrant-d taggara ayi kan, dɣa [[sibbus n Madeira]] yella tettumeggz d [[Adu-telmest]] (''R. i. madeirensis'') yeṭṭafaren [[sibbus imzerreg]] (''Regulus ignicapilla''). ===Tilmas=== {| width = 800px class="wikitable" ! align="center" style="background-color: #D3D3A4" colspan ="4" |'''Tilmas deg [[Alkam amessarti|welkam amessarti]]''' |- ! width = "22%" align="center" | Assaɣ imezdi d wussnan ! align="center" | Image ! width = "40%" align="center" | Aglam ! width = "22%" align="center" | Taɣult |- |[[Sibbus bucentuf]]<br />''Regulus regulus'' |<center>[[File:Regulus regulus 1.jpg|500x150px]]</center> |Imuren n ufella d izegza am uzemmur, ma d imuren n wadda d iwraɣen mellulen. Udem d amnummsan d [[mummu]] berriken, isni n uqerru degs idisen berriken d tcenčuft werriɣen d tačinayt deg tlemmast ɣer [[awtem|uwtem]] ma ɣer [[tawtemt|tewtemt]] d tawraɣt yakk.<ref name=BWP1342>{{cite book | editor-last = Snow | editor-first = David |editor2-last = Perrins | editor2-first = Christopher M. | title = The Birds of the Western Palearctic concise edition (2 volumes) | publisher = [[Oxford University Press]] |year = 1998| location = Oxford | pages = 1342–1346 | isbn = 978-0-19-850188-6 | title-link = The Birds of the Western Palearctic }}</ref> | Amur meqqren n Asya d Uruppa |- |[[Sibbus imzerreg]]<br />''Regulus ignicapilla'' |<center>[[File:Regulus ignicapilla Arundel.jpg|500x150px]]</center> |Imuren n ufella d izegzawen yecrurqen yakk d icamiṭen izrurɣanen. Ma d imuren n wadda d imellalen yakk d izunɣiden, deg yidmaren d wafriwen d tarast, deg uqerru tella tesfift d tazegzawt zdat n wallen[[timiwt|timiwt]] d tamellalt d taɣezfant. Ma d ixef n uqerru d awraɣ ɣer tewtemt, d ačinay ɣer uwtem.<ref name= Baker383>{{cite book | last = Baker | first = Kevin |title = Warblers of Europe, Asia and North Africa (Helm Identification Guides) | year = 1997 | publisher = Helm| isbn =978-0-7136-3971-1 |pages = [https://archive.org/details/warblersofeurope0000bake/page/383 383]–384 | location = London| title-link = Helm Identification Guides }}</ref> | Anaẓul n Uruppa d Tferka n ugafa |- |[[Sibbus n Madeira]]<br />''Regulus madeirensis'' |<center>[[File:Madeiran-Firecrest1-B.jpg|500x150px]]</center> |S umerwes ɣer sibbus bucentuf, talmest-a d tin ilan aqamum d yiṭarren ɣezzifen, timiwt d tamellalt d tameẓyant, afriwen-is berrik-it ma d tuyat-is werriɣ-it. Ixef n uqerru-is d ačinay.<ref name= Mullarney336>{{cite book | last = Mullarney | first = Killian |author2=Svensson, Lars |author3=Zetterstrom, Dan |author4=Grant, Peter |title = Collins Bird Guide | url = https://archive.org/details/collinsbirdguide0000sven | year = 1999 | publisher = London: Collins | page = [https://archive.org/details/collinsbirdguide0000sven/page/336 336]| isbn = 978-0-00-219728-1}}</ref> |[[Madeira]] |- |[[Sibbus n Taywan]]<br />''Regulus goodfellowi'' |<center>[[File:RegulusGoodfellowiLodge.jpg|500x150px]]</center> |imuren n ufella d izegzawen, Adfar d wafriwen d iwraɣen ma d imuren n wadda d ičinayen. Tella tesfift d tamellalt deg wafriw. Ma d isni (tamrest) degs izerrigen d iberkanen. Idisan n tuyat d ukaẓuẓ d izunɣiden.<ref>{{cite book|page=388 | title=Birds of East Asia | author= Brazil, Mark | publisher=Christopher Helm| location = London | year=2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| url=https://archive.org/stream/bulletinofb1620190507brit#page/n147/mode/1up|author=Ogilvie-Grant, W R| year =1906 | journal=Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club | volume=16 |page= 122|title= 125th meeting, 20 June 1906}}</ref> |[[Taywan]] |- |[[Sibbus imisni]]<br />''Regulus satrapa'' |<center>[[File:Regulus satrapa 0624 (cropped).jpg|500x150px]]</center> |imuren n ufella ini-nsen d azegza am uzemmur ma d imuren n wadda d imellalen. Lan izerrigen mellulen deg wafriwen yakk d tesfift berriken zzint-d i wallen yakk d temrest d tawtaɣ-d yezzi-y-as-d uberkan. [[Awtem]] amawaṭ deg acamiṭ d ačinay deg tlemmast n temrest tawraɣt.<ref name=Sibley>{{cite book | last = Sibley | first = David Allen | title = The Sibley Guide to Birds | year = 2000 | publisher = Alfred A. Knopf | page = [https://archive.org/details/sibleyguidetobir00sibl_0/page/394 394] | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-679-45122-8 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/sibleyguidetobir00sibl_0/page/394 }}</ref> | Tamrikt n Ugafa |- |[[Sibbus bu tganza tazeggaɣt]]<br />''Regulus calendula'' |<center>[[File:Regulus calendula1.jpg|500x150px]]</center> | Imuren n ufella d izunɣiden yezzegzun. Ma d imuren n ufella d iwraɣen. | Tamrikt n Ugafa |} == Addad d taggaẓt == == Tiwlafin == == Ẓeṛ daɣen == [[Taggayt:Tiwsitin n yigṭaṭ]] [[Taggayt:iɣersiwen]] [[Taggayt:Igṭaṭ]] [[Taggayt:ibufsiwen]] [[Taggayt:Tiwsitin n iɣersiwen]] [[Taggayt:iylalen iminigen]] bkl2ucil43mjay2sgowkdcszwfozd8i 0 25528 117006 117001 2026-08-07T13:08:31Z Gurzil90x 14292 Arniɣ-d ayen ilaqen 117006 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:MSR-ra-61-b-1-DM.jpg|vignette|Asebdad n uqerru n Mark Urel.]] '''Mark Urel''' d yiwen seg yimenkaden i yettwassnen nezzeh deg umezruy n Tamenkda Taṛumant. Ilul deg useggas 121, yemmut deg useggas 180. Yella d amnekad seg 161 ar 180. Tallit-is tella gar talwit taṛumant d tazɣent n tilisa, gar tfelsafit d umgaru, gar tadbelt d tmettant n waṭas n yemdanen. == Tudert-is tamezwarut == Mark Urel ilul deg Ṛuma. Isem-is ummid Mark Urel Anṭunin( neɣ s tlatinit: '''Marcus Aurelius Antoninus'''). Yekka-d seg tawacult tameqqrant yesɛan lḥeṛma deg tmetti taṛumant. Amenkad Hadriyan yextar-t-id zik, yefka-yas amkan deg usbeddi n tmenkda. [[Antuninus Piyus|Anṭunin Piyus]] yewwi-t-id ɣer twacult-is s usmemmi, yesselmed-as tadbelt, yessuddes-as abrid ɣer ukersii n tmenkda. Mark Urel yelmed ɣer yiselmaden yesɛan tussna d wazal n tallit-nni. Yelmed tasekla, tutlayin, tasertit, akked tfelsafit. Tafelsafit [[Tastuysit|tasṭuwit]] tekcem ɣer wallaɣ-is, tesselmed-as belli amdan ilaq ad yidir s wudem umeẓɣan, s tuẓulin, s ṣṣber, akked s uqbal n wayen ur yezmir ara ad ibeddel. == Tanbaḍt-is d usbeddi n tmenkda == Deg useggas 161, mi yemmut [[Antuninus Piyus|Anṭunin Piyus]], Mark Urel yuɣal d amnekad. Ur yebɣi ara ad yeḥkem i yiman-is kan, yessbedd Lusius Virus d amnekad akked-s. Sin-nni ḥekmen ɣef Tamenkda Taṛumant, maca Mark Urel yella d win yesɛan ṛṛay ameqqran akked tmussni n tsertit. Mi yemmut Lusius Virus, Mark Urel yeqqim d amnekad i yiman-is. Yella yettnadi ad yili d amdan n teɣdemt, mačči d amnakad n ṭṭrad. Yefka azal i usenqed n tadbelt, i uqader n iṣuḍaf, akked umesten n tilisa n tmenkda. gpju4upr9qn8hwi88eu6iqkwcsdsc8d 117013 117006 2026-08-07T22:58:17Z Gurzil90x 14292 Arniɣ-d ayen ilaqen 117013 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:MSR-ra-61-b-1-DM.jpg|vignette|Asebdad n uqerru n Mark Urel.]] '''Mark Urel''' d yiwen seg yimenkaden i yettwassnen nezzeh deg umezruy n Tamenkda Taṛumant. Ilul deg useggas 121, yemmut deg useggas 180. Yella d amnekad seg 161 ar 180. Tallit-is tella gar talwit taṛumant d tazɣent n tilisa, gar tfelsafit d umgaru, gar tadbelt d tmettant n waṭas n yemdanen. == Tudert-is tamezwarut == Mark Urel ilul deg Ṛuma. Isem-is ummid Mark Urel Anṭunin( neɣ s tlatinit: '''Marcus Aurelius Antoninus'''). Yekka-d seg tawacult tameqqrant yesɛan lḥeṛma deg tmetti taṛumant. Amenkad Hadriyan yextar-t-id zik, yefka-yas amkan deg usbeddi n tmenkda. [[Antuninus Piyus|Anṭunin Piyus]] yewwi-t-id ɣer twacult-is s usmemmi, yesselmed-as tadbelt, yessuddes-as abrid ɣer ukersii n tmenkda. Mark Urel yelmed ɣer yiselmaden yesɛan tussna d wazal n tallit-nni. Yelmed tasekla, tutlayin, tasertit, akked tfelsafit. Tafelsafit [[Tastuysit|tasṭuwit]] tekcem ɣer wallaɣ-is, tesselmed-as belli amdan ilaq ad yidir s wudem umeẓɣan, s tuẓulin, s ṣṣber, akked s uqbal n wayen ur yezmir ara ad ibeddel. == Tanbaḍt-is d usbeddi n tmenkda == Deg useggas 161, mi yemmut [[Antuninus Piyus|Anṭunin Piyus]], Mark Urel yuɣal d amnekad. Ur yebɣi ara ad yeḥkem i yiman-is kan, yessbedd Lusius Virus d amnekad akked-s. Sin-nni ḥekmen ɣef Tamenkda Taṛumant, maca Mark Urel yella d win yesɛan ṛṛay ameqqran akked tmussni n tsertit. Mi yemmut Lusius Virus, Mark Urel yeqqim d amnekad i yiman-is. Yella yettnadi ad yili d amdan n teɣdemt, mačči d amnakad n ṭṭrad. Yefka azal i usenqed n tadbelt, i uqader n iṣuḍaf, akked umesten n tilisa n tmenkda. == Imgaru d tilisa n tmenkda == Tallit n Mark Urel ur telli ara d tallit n talwit kan. Deg usammer, yella umgaru mgal Iparṭiyen. Deg ugafa, llan imenɣiyen mgal Iǧermaniyen, Imarkumanen, akked Ikwaḍiyen, ɣer yiri n wasif n Danub. Mark Urel yedda s timmad-is ɣer yiri n tilisa, yesselḥa iserdasen, u yeḥrez imukan yellan ɣer yiri n tlisa. Imgaru-agi ssaɣlayen aṭas n yemdanen, ssalayen tiwsi, ssnernayen aɣilif n tmetti. Maca Mark Urel yella yettnadi ad yesbedd talwit, ad yeḥrez tilisa, u ad yeḥrez tamenkda seg inṭagen n yimenzaɣen. Deg tmuɣli n tsertit, yella yefhem belli Tamenkda Taṛumant teḥwaǧ aserdas iǧehden, maca daɣen tadbelt ifazen. o95oeb01o4rx13vcpq037i1fqaxbmus 0 25529 117004 117002 2026-08-07T12:36:52Z Gurzil90x 14292 arniɣ ayen ilaqen 117004 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Ludwig Feuerbach-1.2 V01-1.1.1 cropped and rotated.jpg|vignette|Ludwing Feurebach.]] '''Ludwig Andreas von Feuerbach''' (1804–1872) d yiwen seg ifelsafen n [[Lalman]] imeqqranen n lqern wis 19. Tafelsafit-is tbedd ɣef sin yigejda: azɣan n tefelsafit n wuktu n [[Hegel]], d uselmed belli amdan d tumast n yal tikti, n yal asɣan, d yal tussna. Deg umahil-is ameqqran « Tumast n Tmasiḥit » (Das Wesen des Christentums, 1841), yesken-d belli Yakuc ur yelli ara d ayen yeffɣen i wemdan, maca d asenẓer(asenfar) n tefsert n wemdan i yessuli ɣer yigenni. S wannect-a, Feuerbach yeldi abrid i tefelsafit tatrart n tenga, yerna yesbedd lsas i tmusni talsant ara d-yawin [[Karl Marks|Marks]], Engels, d waṭas n yifelsafen niḍen ɣer ubrid n tengat d tmetti. == I. Tudert d Uselmed n Feuerbach == === 1.1. Talalit d twacult === Ludwig Feuerbach ilul-d deg 1804 deg ''Landshut'', di ''Bavaria'', deg twacult n yimfelsafen d yimusnawen. Baba-s, ''Paul Johann Anselm von Feuerbach'', d yiwen seg yimusnawen imeqqranen n uzref deg lqern wis 19. Gma-s, ''Karl Wilhelm Feuerbach'', d amusnaw n tusnakt. Ihi, Ludwig yekker-d deg twennaḍt n tmusni d uselmed, anda tiktiwin timaynutin d yinadiyen yeṭṭfen adeg ameqqran deg tudert-is n yal ass. === 1.2. Aselmed deg Berlin d Erlangen === Deg 1823, Feuerbach yekcem ɣer tesdawit n Heidelberg akken ad yelmed tasnakuct (théologie). Maca, seg 1824, yezger ɣer Berlin, anda i yefka tameẓẓuɣt i yiselmaden n Hegel. Din, yelmed tafelsafit n [[Hegel]] s telqayt, yerna yuɣal d yiwen seg yinelmaden-is imeqqranen. Deg 1828, yekfa aselmed-is deg Erlangen s tezrigt ɣef « Tmusni n wallaɣ » (De ratione una, universali, infinita). Seg 1829 armi 1835, yesselmed tafelsafit deg Erlangen. === 1.3. Abaɣur d unadi === Deg 1830, yeffeɣ-d wedlis-is amezwaru « Tidmi ɣef tmettant d tmeɣlalt » (Gedanken über Tod und Unsterblichkeit), anda yenna belli tamettant d taggara n tudert, ur telli ara tmeɣlalt n yiman. Aya yegla-d s uɣilif: aselmed-is yettwagdel, yerna yettwakkes seg tesdawit. Seg imir-n, yedder deg ''Bruckberg'', deg lɛerc n tmeṭṭut-is, anda yura aṭas n yidlisen. Deg 1848–1849, yefka-d timsirin ɣef tumast n tmasiḥit deg Heidelberg. Yemmut deg 1872 deg ''Rechenberg'', qrib ''Nuremberg''. == II. Azɣan n Tefelsafit n Hegel == === 2.1. Seg uḍfar ɣer uzɣan === Feuerbach yebda d aḍefran n [[Hegel]]. Yesseqdac tarrayt n Hegel, yettamen belli « Tidmi » (Geist) d tumast n yal ayen yellan. Maca, seg iseggasen n 1839–1843, yebda yettwali belli tefelsafit n Hegel tbeddel tilawt: deg waddad n Hegel, Tidmi d nettat i d-yessawalayen amdan d ddunit, maca Feuerbach yenna belli amdan d ddunit i d-yessawalayen tidmi. Aya d abeddel ameqqran: seg « Tidmi tesselmad amdan » ɣer « Amdan i d-yessawalayen tidmi ». === 2.2. « Tifelsafit n uzekka » (1843) === Deg wedlis-is « Imenzayen n Tefelsafit n Uzekka » (Grundsätze der Philosophie der Zukunft), Feuerbach yura s wawal izgan: « Tifelsafit n Hegel tessuli tidmi ɣer udabu, maca tidmi ur tezmir ara ad tili mebla amdan i yettmeyyizen. D amdan i d-yettaken anamek i tidmi, mačči d tidmi i d-yettaken amdan. » Feuerbach yebɣa ad yesseɣli tefelsafit seg yigenni n tikta imadwanen ɣer tmurt n tilawt, n yiḥulfan, d tegnatin n wemdan. Yenna belli tefelsafit ilaq ad tebdu seg wemdan n tidet, amdan n uɣrum, n tmeddurt, n tayri, n lmeḥna — mačči seg « Tidmi tamadwant » ur nesɛi udem. lvi2yv1slioxbwtml6q7a861tx4glvf 117005 117004 2026-08-07T13:02:24Z Gurzil90x 14292 seɣtiɣ kra n tuccḍiwin 117005 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Ludwig Feuerbach-1.2 V01-1.1.1 cropped and rotated.jpg|vignette|Ludwing Feurebach.]] '''Ludwig Andreas von Feuerbach''' (1804–1872) d yiwen seg ifelsafen n [[Lalman]] imeqqranen n lqern wis 19. Tafelsafit-is tbedd ɣef sin yigejda: azɣan n tefelsafit n wuktu n [[Hegel]], d uselmed belli amdan d tumast n yal tikti, n yal asɣan, d yal tussna. Deg umahil-is ameqqran « Tumast n Tmasiḥit » (Das Wesen des Christentums, 1841), yesken-d belli Yakuc ur yelli ara d ayen yeffɣen i wemdan, maca d asenẓer(asenfar) n tefsert n wemdan i yessuli ɣer yigenni. S wannect-a, Feuerbach yeldi abrid i tefelsafit tatrart n tenga, yerna yesbedd lsas i tmusni talsant ara d-yawin [[Karl Marks|Marks]], Engels, d waṭas n yifelsafen niḍen ɣer ubrid n tengat d tmetti. == I. Tudert d Uselmed n Feuerbach == === 1.1. Talalit d twacult === Ludwig Feuerbach ilul-d deg 1804 deg ''Landshut'', di ''Bavaria'', deg twacult n yimfelsafen d yimusnawen. Baba-s, ''Paul Johann Anselm von Feuerbach'', d yiwen seg yimusnawen imeqqranen n uzref deg lqern wis 19. Gma-s, ''Karl Wilhelm Feuerbach'', d amusnaw n tusnakt. Ihi, Ludwig yekker-d deg twennaḍt n tmusni d uselmed, anda tiktiwin timaynutin d yinadiyen yeṭṭfen adeg ameqqran deg tudert-is n yal ass. === 1.2. Aselmed deg Berlin d Erlangen === Deg 1823, Feuerbach yekcem ɣer tesdawit n Heidelberg akken ad yelmed tasnakuct (théologie). Maca, seg 1824, yezger ɣer Berlin, anda i yefka tameẓẓuɣt i yiselmaden n Hegel. Din, yelmed tafelsafit n [[Hegel]] s telqayt, yerna yuɣal d yiwen seg yinelmaden-is imeqqranen. Deg 1828, yekfa aselmed-is deg Erlangen s tezrigt ɣef « Tmusni n wallaɣ » (De ratione una, universali, infinita). Seg 1829 armi 1835, yesselmed tafelsafit deg Erlangen. === 1.3. Abaɣur d unadi === Deg 1830, yeffeɣ-d wedlis-is amezwaru « Tidmi ɣef tmettant d tmeɣlalt » (Gedanken über Tod und Unsterblichkeit), anda yenna belli tamettant d taggara n tudert, ur telli ara tmeɣlalt n yiman. Aya yegla-d s uɣilif: aselmed-is yettwagdel, yerna yettwakkes seg tesdawit. Seg imir-n, yedder deg ''Bruckberg'', deg lɛerc n tmeṭṭut-is, anda yura aṭas n yidlisen. Deg 1848–1849, yefka-d timsirin ɣef tumast n tmasiḥit deg Heidelberg. Yemmut deg 1872 deg ''Rechenberg'', qrib ''Nuremberg''. == II. Azɣan n Tefelsafit n Hegel == === 2.1. Seg uḍfar ɣer uzɣan === Feuerbach yebda d aḍefran n [[Hegel]]. Yesseqdac tarrayt n Hegel, yettamen belli « Tidmi » (Geist) d tumast n yal ayen yellan. Maca, seg iseggasen n 1839–1843, yebda yettwali belli tefelsafit n Hegel tbeddel tilawt: deg waddad n Hegel, Tidmi d nettat i d-yessawalayen amdan d ddunit, maca Feuerbach yenna belli amdan d ddunit i d-yessawalayen tidmi. Aya d abeddel ameqqran: seg « Tidmi tesselmad amdan » ɣer « Amdan i d-yessawalayen tidmi ». === 2.2. « Tifelsafit n uzekka » (1843) === Deg wedlis-is « Imenzayen n Tefelsafit n Uzekka » (Grundsätze der Philosophie der Zukunft), Feuerbach yura s wawal izgan: « Tifelsafit n Hegel tessuli tidmi ɣer udabu, maca tidmi ur tezmir ara ad tili mebla amdan i yettmeyyizen. D amdan i d-yettaken anamek i tidmi, mačči d tidmi i d-yettaken amdan. » Feuerbach yebɣa ad yesseɣli tefelsafit seg yigenni n tiktiwin timadwanen ɣer tmurt n tilawt, n yiḥulfan, d tegnatin n wemdan. Yenna belli tefelsafit ilaq ad tebdu seg wemdan n tidet, amdan n uɣrum, n tmeddurt, n tayri, n lmeḥna — mačči seg « Tidmi tamadwant » ur nesɛi udem. 2zm05of05gfcmcq2itqhabbabthfta9 117014 117005 2026-08-07T23:08:54Z Gurzil90x 14292 Arniɣ-d ayen ilaqen 117014 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Ludwig Feuerbach-1.2 V01-1.1.1 cropped and rotated.jpg|vignette|Ludwing Feurebach.]] '''Ludwig Andreas von Feuerbach''' (1804–1872) d yiwen seg ifelsafen n [[Lalman]] imeqqranen n lqern wis 19. Tafelsafit-is tbedd ɣef sin yigejda: azɣan n tefelsafit n wuktu n [[Hegel]], d uselmed belli amdan d tumast n yal tikti, n yal asɣan, d yal tussna. Deg umahil-is ameqqran « Tumast n Tmasiḥit » (Das Wesen des Christentums, 1841), yesken-d belli Yakuc ur yelli ara d ayen yeffɣen i wemdan, maca d asenẓer(asenfar) n tefsert n wemdan i yessuli ɣer yigenni. S wannect-a, Feuerbach yeldi abrid i tefelsafit tatrart n tenga, yerna yesbedd lsas i tmusni talsant ara d-yawin [[Karl Marks|Marks]], Engels, d waṭas n yifelsafen niḍen ɣer ubrid n tengat d tmetti. == I. Tudert d Uselmed n Feuerbach == === 1.1. Talalit d twacult === Ludwig Feuerbach ilul-d deg 1804 deg ''Landshut'', di ''Bavaria'', deg twacult n yimfelsafen d yimusnawen. Baba-s, ''Paul Johann Anselm von Feuerbach'', d yiwen seg yimusnawen imeqqranen n uzref deg lqern wis 19. Gma-s, ''Karl Wilhelm Feuerbach'', d amusnaw n tusnakt. Ihi, Ludwig yekker-d deg twennaḍt n tmusni d uselmed, anda tiktiwin timaynutin d yinadiyen yeṭṭfen adeg ameqqran deg tudert-is n yal ass. === 1.2. Aselmed deg Berlin d Erlangen === Deg 1823, Feuerbach yekcem ɣer tesdawit n Heidelberg akken ad yelmed tasnakuct (théologie). Maca, seg 1824, yezger ɣer Berlin, anda i yefka tameẓẓuɣt i yiselmaden n Hegel. Din, yelmed tafelsafit n [[Hegel]] s telqayt, yerna yuɣal d yiwen seg yinelmaden-is imeqqranen. Deg 1828, yekfa aselmed-is deg Erlangen s tezrigt ɣef « Tmusni n wallaɣ » (De ratione una, universali, infinita). Seg 1829 armi 1835, yesselmed tafelsafit deg Erlangen. === 1.3. Abaɣur d unadi === Deg 1830, yeffeɣ-d wedlis-is amezwaru « Tidmi ɣef tmettant d tmeɣlalt » (Gedanken über Tod und Unsterblichkeit), anda yenna belli tamettant d taggara n tudert, ur telli ara tmeɣlalt n yiman. Aya yegla-d s uɣilif: aselmed-is yettwagdel, yerna yettwakkes seg tesdawit. Seg imir-n, yedder deg ''Bruckberg'', deg lɛerc n tmeṭṭut-is, anda yura aṭas n yidlisen. Deg 1848–1849, yefka-d timsirin ɣef tumast n tmasiḥit deg Heidelberg. Yemmut deg 1872 deg ''Rechenberg'', qrib ''Nuremberg''. == II. Azɣan n Tefelsafit n Hegel == === 2.1. Seg uḍfar ɣer uzɣan === Feuerbach yebda d aḍefran n [[Hegel]]. Yesseqdac tarrayt n Hegel, yettamen belli « Tidmi » (Geist) d tumast n yal ayen yellan. Maca, seg iseggasen n 1839–1843, yebda yettwali belli tefelsafit n Hegel tbeddel tilawt: deg waddad n Hegel, Tidmi d nettat i d-yessawalayen amdan d ddunit, maca Feuerbach yenna belli amdan d ddunit i d-yessawalayen tidmi. Aya d abeddel ameqqran: seg « Tidmi tesselmad amdan » ɣer « Amdan i d-yessawalayen tidmi ». === 2.2. « Tifelsafit n uzekka » (1843) === Deg wedlis-is « Imenzayen n Tefelsafit n Uzekka » (Grundsätze der Philosophie der Zukunft), Feuerbach yura s wawal izgan: « Tifelsafit n Hegel tessuli tidmi ɣer udabu, maca tidmi ur tezmir ara ad tili mebla amdan i yettmeyyizen. D amdan i d-yettaken anamek i tidmi, mačči d tidmi i d-yettaken amdan. » Feuerbach yebɣa ad yesseɣli tefelsafit seg yigenni n tiktiwin timadwanen ɣer tmurt n tilawt, n yiḥulfan, d tegnatin n wemdan. Yenna belli tefelsafit ilaq ad tebdu seg wemdan n tidet, amdan n uɣrum, n tmeddurt, n tayri, n lmeḥna — mačči seg « Tidmi tamadwant » ur nesɛi udem. === 2.3. Abddel n uselmed === Feuerbach yessers-d abddel ameqqran deg tefelsafit: Hegel yeqqar: « Tilin d tin i d-yettawin tikti neɣ tafrit» (Sein bestimmt das Bewusstsein). Feuerbach yeqqar: « Tikti d tin i d-yettawin seg tilin » — maca tilin-agi d tilin n wemdan n tidet, n ugama, n yiḥulfan. Aya d abrid i d-yeldin i [[Karl Marks|Marks]], i d-yennan seg imir-n: « Mačči tikti i d-yessawalayen tilin n tmetti, maca tilin n tmetti i d-yessawalayen tikti. » ijna46edesatlzl9x73me1uelboae5u 117015 117014 2026-08-08T09:59:21Z Gurzil90x 14292 Arniɣ-d ayen ilaqen 117015 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Ludwig Feuerbach-1.2 V01-1.1.1 cropped and rotated.jpg|vignette|Ludwing Feurebach.]] '''Ludwig Andreas von Feuerbach''' (1804–1872) d yiwen seg ifelsafen n [[Lalman]] imeqqranen n lqern wis 19. Tafelsafit-is tbedd ɣef sin yigejda: azɣan n tefelsafit n wuktu n [[Hegel]], d uselmed belli amdan d tumast n yal tikti, n yal asɣan, d yal tussna. Deg umahil-is ameqqran « Tumast n Tmasiḥit » (Das Wesen des Christentums, 1841), yesken-d belli Yakuc ur yelli ara d ayen yeffɣen i wemdan, maca d asenẓer(asenfar) n tefsert n wemdan i yessuli ɣer yigenni. S wannect-a, Feuerbach yeldi abrid i tefelsafit tatrart n tenga, yerna yesbedd lsas i tmusni talsant ara d-yawin [[Karl Marks|Marks]], Engels, d waṭas n yifelsafen niḍen ɣer ubrid n tengat d tmetti. == I. Tudert d Uselmed n Feuerbach == === 1.1. Talalit d twacult === Ludwig Feuerbach ilul-d deg 1804 deg ''Landshut'', di ''Bavaria'', deg twacult n yimfelsafen d yimusnawen. Baba-s, ''Paul Johann Anselm von Feuerbach'', d yiwen seg yimusnawen imeqqranen n uzref deg lqern wis 19. Gma-s, ''Karl Wilhelm Feuerbach'', d amusnaw n tusnakt. Ihi, Ludwig yekker-d deg twennaḍt n tmusni d uselmed, anda tiktiwin timaynutin d yinadiyen yeṭṭfen adeg ameqqran deg tudert-is n yal ass. === 1.2. Aselmed deg Berlin d Erlangen === Deg 1823, Feuerbach yekcem ɣer tesdawit n Heidelberg akken ad yelmed tasnakuct (théologie). Maca, seg 1824, yezger ɣer Berlin, anda i yefka tameẓẓuɣt i yiselmaden n Hegel. Din, yelmed tafelsafit n [[Hegel]] s telqayt, yerna yuɣal d yiwen seg yinelmaden-is imeqqranen. Deg 1828, yekfa aselmed-is deg Erlangen s tezrigt ɣef « Tmusni n wallaɣ » (De ratione una, universali, infinita). Seg 1829 armi 1835, yesselmed tafelsafit deg Erlangen. === 1.3. Abaɣur d unadi === Deg 1830, yeffeɣ-d wedlis-is amezwaru « Tidmi ɣef tmettant d tmeɣlalt » (Gedanken über Tod und Unsterblichkeit), anda yenna belli tamettant d taggara n tudert, ur telli ara tmeɣlalt n yiman. Aya yegla-d s uɣilif: aselmed-is yettwagdel, yerna yettwakkes seg tesdawit. Seg imir-n, yedder deg ''Bruckberg'', deg lɛerc n tmeṭṭut-is, anda yura aṭas n yidlisen. Deg 1848–1849, yefka-d timsirin ɣef tumast n tmasiḥit deg Heidelberg. Yemmut deg 1872 deg ''Rechenberg'', qrib ''Nuremberg''. == II. Azɣan n Tefelsafit n Hegel == === 2.1. Seg uḍfar ɣer uzɣan === Feuerbach yebda d aḍefran n [[Hegel]]. Yesseqdac tarrayt n Hegel, yettamen belli « Tidmi » (Geist) d tumast n yal ayen yellan. Maca, seg iseggasen n 1839–1843, yebda yettwali belli tefelsafit n Hegel tbeddel tilawt: deg waddad n Hegel, Tidmi d nettat i d-yessawalayen amdan d ddunit, maca Feuerbach yenna belli amdan d ddunit i d-yessawalayen tidmi. Aya d abeddel ameqqran: seg « Tidmi tesselmad amdan » ɣer « Amdan i d-yessawalayen tidmi ». === 2.2. « Tifelsafit n uzekka » (1843) === Deg wedlis-is « Imenzayen n Tefelsafit n Uzekka » (Grundsätze der Philosophie der Zukunft), Feuerbach yura s wawal izgan: « Tifelsafit n Hegel tessuli tidmi ɣer udabu, maca tidmi ur tezmir ara ad tili mebla amdan i yettmeyyizen. D amdan i d-yettaken anamek i tidmi, mačči d tidmi i d-yettaken amdan. » Feuerbach yebɣa ad yesseɣli tefelsafit seg yigenni n tiktiwin timadwanen ɣer tmurt n tilawt, n yiḥulfan, d tegnatin n wemdan. Yenna belli tefelsafit ilaq ad tebdu seg wemdan n tidet, amdan n uɣrum, n tmeddurt, n tayri, n lmeḥna — mačči seg « Tidmi tamadwant » ur nesɛi udem. === 2.3. Abddel n uselmed === Feuerbach yessers-d abddel ameqqran deg tefelsafit: Hegel yeqqar: « Tilin d tin i d-yettawin tikti neɣ tafrit» (Sein bestimmt das Bewusstsein). Feuerbach yeqqar: « Tikti d tin i d-yettawin seg tilin » — maca tilin-agi d tilin n wemdan n tidet, n ugama, n yiḥulfan. Aya d abrid i d-yeldin i [[Karl Marks|Marks]], i d-yennan seg imir-n: « Mačči tikti i d-yessawalayen tilin n tmetti, maca tilin n tmetti i d-yessawalayen tikti. » == III. Tasleṭ n Wesɣan: « Tumast n Tmasiḥit » == === 3.1. Tikti tagejdant: « Tasnakuct d tessnalsa » === Tikti tameqqrant akk n Feuerbach d tinna: « Tasnakuct d tessnalsa » (Theologie ist Anthropologie). Aya anamek-is: yal ayen i d-neqqar ɣef Yakuc, deg tidet, d ayen i d-neqqar ɣef wemdan(dayen i d-yekkan seg wamek yella wemdan) — maca s talɣa yettwasemɣren, yettwasbedden berra n wemdan. Feuerbach yenna: « Yakuc d tumast n wemdan yettwaberrzen seg wemdan, yettwasbedden deg yigenni, yettwaɛeẓzen amzun d ayen nniḍen. ». Deg udlis-is agejdan i wumi isemma "Tumast n Tmasiḥit", i d-yeffɣen deg useggas n 1841, Feuerbach yessefhem-d s telqayt belli asɣan d asenẓer n tumast talsant. S unamek nniḍen, d amdan s timmad-is i d-yesnulfan Yakuc (Ṛebbi). tj0c2x1pkz2sxhc5xcm0sqof72divsc 117016 117015 2026-08-08T10:11:45Z Gurzil90x 14292 Arniɣ-d ayen ilaqen 117016 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Ludwig Feuerbach-1.2 V01-1.1.1 cropped and rotated.jpg|vignette|Ludwing Feurebach.]] '''Ludwig Andreas von Feuerbach''' (1804–1872) d yiwen seg ifelsafen n [[Lalman]] imeqqranen n lqern wis 19. Tafelsafit-is tbedd ɣef sin yigejda: azɣan n tefelsafit n wuktu n [[Hegel]], d uselmed belli amdan d tumast n yal tikti, n yal asɣan, d yal tussna. Deg umahil-is ameqqran « Tumast n Tmasiḥit » (Das Wesen des Christentums, 1841), yesken-d belli Yakuc ur yelli ara d ayen yeffɣen i wemdan, maca d asenẓer(asenfar) n tefsert n wemdan i yessuli ɣer yigenni. S wannect-a, Feuerbach yeldi abrid i tefelsafit tatrart n tenga, yerna yesbedd lsas i tmusni talsant ara d-yawin [[Karl Marks|Marks]], Engels, d waṭas n yifelsafen niḍen ɣer ubrid n tengat d tmetti. == I. Tudert d Uselmed n Feuerbach == === 1.1. Talalit d twacult === Ludwig Feuerbach ilul-d deg 1804 deg ''Landshut'', di ''Bavaria'', deg twacult n yimfelsafen d yimusnawen. Baba-s, ''Paul Johann Anselm von Feuerbach'', d yiwen seg yimusnawen imeqqranen n uzref deg lqern wis 19. Gma-s, ''Karl Wilhelm Feuerbach'', d amusnaw n tusnakt. Ihi, Ludwig yekker-d deg twennaḍt n tmusni d uselmed, anda tiktiwin timaynutin d yinadiyen yeṭṭfen adeg ameqqran deg tudert-is n yal ass. === 1.2. Aselmed deg Berlin d Erlangen === Deg 1823, Feuerbach yekcem ɣer tesdawit n Heidelberg akken ad yelmed tasnakuct (théologie). Maca, seg 1824, yezger ɣer Berlin, anda i yefka tameẓẓuɣt i yiselmaden n Hegel. Din, yelmed tafelsafit n [[Hegel]] s telqayt, yerna yuɣal d yiwen seg yinelmaden-is imeqqranen. Deg 1828, yekfa aselmed-is deg Erlangen s tezrigt ɣef « Tmusni n wallaɣ » (De ratione una, universali, infinita). Seg 1829 armi 1835, yesselmed tafelsafit deg Erlangen. === 1.3. Abaɣur d unadi === Deg 1830, yeffeɣ-d wedlis-is amezwaru « Tidmi ɣef tmettant d tmeɣlalt » (Gedanken über Tod und Unsterblichkeit), anda yenna belli tamettant d taggara n tudert, ur telli ara tmeɣlalt n yiman. Aya yegla-d s uɣilif: aselmed-is yettwagdel, yerna yettwakkes seg tesdawit. Seg imir-n, yedder deg ''Bruckberg'', deg lɛerc n tmeṭṭut-is, anda yura aṭas n yidlisen. Deg 1848–1849, yefka-d timsirin ɣef tumast n tmasiḥit deg Heidelberg. Yemmut deg 1872 deg ''Rechenberg'', qrib ''Nuremberg''. == II. Azɣan n Tefelsafit n Hegel == === 2.1. Seg uḍfar ɣer uzɣan === Feuerbach yebda d aḍefran n [[Hegel]]. Yesseqdac tarrayt n Hegel, yettamen belli « Tidmi » (Geist) d tumast n yal ayen yellan. Maca, seg iseggasen n 1839–1843, yebda yettwali belli tefelsafit n Hegel tbeddel tilawt: deg waddad n Hegel, Tidmi d nettat i d-yessawalayen amdan d ddunit, maca Feuerbach yenna belli amdan d ddunit i d-yessawalayen tidmi. Aya d abeddel ameqqran: seg « Tidmi tesselmad amdan » ɣer « Amdan i d-yessawalayen tidmi ». === 2.2. « Tifelsafit n uzekka » (1843) === Deg wedlis-is « Imenzayen n Tefelsafit n Uzekka » (Grundsätze der Philosophie der Zukunft), Feuerbach yura s wawal izgan: « Tifelsafit n Hegel tessuli tidmi ɣer udabu, maca tidmi ur tezmir ara ad tili mebla amdan i yettmeyyizen. D amdan i d-yettaken anamek i tidmi, mačči d tidmi i d-yettaken amdan. » Feuerbach yebɣa ad yesseɣli tefelsafit seg yigenni n tiktiwin timadwanen ɣer tmurt n tilawt, n yiḥulfan, d tegnatin n wemdan. Yenna belli tefelsafit ilaq ad tebdu seg wemdan n tidet, amdan n uɣrum, n tmeddurt, n tayri, n lmeḥna — mačči seg « Tidmi tamadwant » ur nesɛi udem. === 2.3. Abddel n uselmed === Feuerbach yessers-d abddel ameqqran deg tefelsafit: Hegel yeqqar: « Tilin d tin i d-yettawin tikti neɣ tafrit» (Sein bestimmt das Bewusstsein). Feuerbach yeqqar: « Tikti d tin i d-yettawin seg tilin » — maca tilin-agi d tilin n wemdan n tidet, n ugama, n yiḥulfan. Aya d abrid i d-yeldin i [[Karl Marks|Marks]], i d-yennan seg imir-n: « Mačči tikti i d-yessawalayen tilin n tmetti, maca tilin n tmetti i d-yessawalayen tikti. » == III. Tasleṭ n Wesɣan: « Tumast n Tmasiḥit » == === 3.1. Tikti tagejdant: « Tasnakuct d tessnalsa » === Tikti tameqqrant akk n Feuerbach d tinna: « Tasnakuct d tessnalsa » (Theologie ist Anthropologie). Aya anamek-is: yal ayen i d-neqqar ɣef Yakuc, deg tidet, d ayen i d-neqqar ɣef wemdan(dayen i d-yekkan seg wamek yella wemdan) — maca s talɣa yettwasemɣren, yettwasbedden berra n wemdan. Feuerbach yenna: « Yakuc d tumast n wemdan yettwaberrzen seg wemdan, yettwasbedden deg yigenni, yettwaɛeẓzen amzun d ayen nniḍen. ». Deg udlis-is agejdan i wumi isemma "Tumast n Tmasiḥit", i d-yeffɣen deg useggas n 1841, Feuerbach yessefhem-d s telqayt belli asɣan d asenẓer n tumast talsant. S unamek nniḍen, d amdan s timmad-is i d-yesnulfan Yakuc (Ṛebbi). yeḥseb-it d imezgi n uktuyen-is d yisirmen-is yelhan akk, am tayri, tamusni, taɣdemt, d tnezzmart tameɣlalt. Feuerbach yeqqar-d belli amdan, mi ara yefk akk tiɣariwin-a i yiwet n tɣawsa n beṛṛa i t-yugaren, yettak-as azal i nettat d tnezzmart-is, yettu iman-is d wayen yezmer ad t-ixdem. Ayagi d ayen i d-igellun s tkufḍa, imi amdan yettwali iman-is d aleqqaq zdat n tesmekta n usugen i d-ixleq yiman-is. Akken ad d-yerr amdan azal-is d tilelli-s, issefk fell-as ad yegzu belli ayen akk i yettnadi deg usɣan yella deg tumast-is talsant d ugama-s. S wakka, Feuerbach yerra tasnakuca d tasnalsa, imi ɣur-s tuffirt n usɣan d amdan d tilawt-is. 85crv0tfb2t3x5htz5o4m55x68u6cd8 0 25532 117007 2026-08-07T14:46:19Z Abillardoo 16203 Asebtar amaynut: '''Tiznirt''' neɣ '''Tigezdemt''' neɣ '''Igniṭ''' ([[isem ussnan]]: '''Chamaerops humilis''') d yiwet n [[talmest|telmest]] n [[tizdayin|tezdayt]] wezzilen i d-ittemɣayen deg utaram n tamiwin yezzin i [[ilel Agrakal|Yilel Agrakal]]. == Aglam == == [[Asismel n Linné|Asismel]] == == [[Irzi|Irezwa]] == == Imniren == [[Taggayt:imɣan]] 117007 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tiznirt''' neɣ '''Tigezdemt''' neɣ '''Igniṭ''' ([[isem ussnan]]: '''Chamaerops humilis''') d yiwet n [[talmest|telmest]] n [[tizdayin|tezdayt]] wezzilen i d-ittemɣayen deg utaram n tamiwin yezzin i [[ilel Agrakal|Yilel Agrakal]]. == Aglam == == [[Asismel n Linné|Asismel]] == == [[Irzi|Irezwa]] == == Imniren == [[Taggayt:imɣan]] 5lyp3a1oh57rmpobsq2hcqaqytfwdzj 117008 117007 2026-08-07T14:47:01Z Abillardoo 16203 Abillardoo yebeddel isem n usebtar seg [[Chamaerops humilis]] ar [[Tiznirt]] 117007 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tiznirt''' neɣ '''Tigezdemt''' neɣ '''Igniṭ''' ([[isem ussnan]]: '''Chamaerops humilis''') d yiwet n [[talmest|telmest]] n [[tizdayin|tezdayt]] wezzilen i d-ittemɣayen deg utaram n tamiwin yezzin i [[ilel Agrakal|Yilel Agrakal]]. == Aglam == == [[Asismel n Linné|Asismel]] == == [[Irzi|Irezwa]] == == Imniren == [[Taggayt:imɣan]] 5lyp3a1oh57rmpobsq2hcqaqytfwdzj 117010 117008 2026-08-07T14:48:04Z Abillardoo 16203 117010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox}} '''Tiznirt''' neɣ '''Tigezdemt''' neɣ '''Igniṭ''' ([[isem ussnan]]: '''Chamaerops humilis''') d yiwet n [[talmest|telmest]] n [[tizdayin|tezdayt]] wezzilen i d-ittemɣayen deg utaram n tamiwin yezzin i [[ilel Agrakal|Yilel Agrakal]]. == Aglam == == [[Asismel n Linné|Asismel]] == == [[Irzi|Irezwa]] == == Imniren == [[Taggayt:imɣan]] h56w36rcvwr7r81k8cm6cwdug1jz9h9 0 25533 117009 2026-08-07T14:47:01Z Abillardoo 16203 Abillardoo yebeddel isem n usebtar seg [[Chamaerops humilis]] ar [[Tiznirt]] 117009 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECTION [[Tiznirt]] nrxhkz302be8rkwi2c4plymctv1w4lr