Wikipedia kabwiki https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asebter_agejdan MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.14 first-letter Media Uslig Mmeslay Amseqdac Amyannan umsqedac Wikipedia Amyannan n Wikipedia Tugna Amyannan n tugna MediaWiki Amyannan n MediaWiki Talɣa Amyannan n talɣa Tallat Amyannan n tallat Taggayt Amyannan n taggayt Awwur Amyannan uwwur Asenfaṛ Amyannan usenfaṛ TimedText TimedText talk Module Discussion module Event Event talk Sujet 0 20192 117019 110608 2026-08-09T11:41:05Z Asefru 17003 To expand information on this page and article 117019 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:Ikutamen}} '''Ikutamen''' d yiwet taqbilt tamqqrant n [[Imaziɣen]], zedɣen g [[Asamar|ugmuḍ]] neɣ [[Asamar]] n [[Lezzayer]]. '''Amezruy n Ikutamen :''' Agdud n Ikutamen d yiwen seg leɛra Chawiyen d Imaziɣen imezwura i gɛashen di Temnaḍt n Leqybayel d Tunes. Di lqern wis tza (9th century), nnuɣen ɣef tmental n ddin d tsertit akked ddeula n yifatimiyen. D nitni i g-isbedden tamnekda-yagi, syen akkin sbedden tamdint n Leqybayel am Bgayet d tayeḍ. Nitni llan d igrawliyen, d ijeɛfariyen i g-yellan d llsas n umezruy n Tefriqt n Ugafa. Amek i llan xeddmen s tmusni nsen d tezrert nsen di yal tama n tmurt.<ref><nowiki>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutama</nowiki></ref> Iɣerman-nnsen : *Ṣtif *Ahṛaṣ *Vgayet *Jijel *Awras *Skikda *Ɛnnaba *... [[Category: Imaziɣen]] [[Category: Amezruy]] [[Category: Taqbilt]] kjqoylhh1rzey7gvnm0nvai6izn6gu6 0 25528 117017 117013 2026-08-09T09:29:23Z Gurzil90x 14292 Arniɣ-d ayen ilaqen 117017 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:MSR-ra-61-b-1-DM.jpg|vignette|Asebdad n uqerru n Mark Urel.]] '''Mark Urel''' d yiwen seg yimenkaden i yettwassnen nezzeh deg umezruy n Tamenkda Taṛumant. Ilul deg useggas 121, yettuneḥsab d aneggaru gar wid iwumi qqaren "Semmus n Imenkaden Igerrzen", yerna d yiwen gar yimusnawen d yiflusufen imeqqranen n tfelsafit n [[Tastuysit|Testuysit]], yemmut deg useggas 180. Yella d amnekad seg 161 ar 180. Tallit-is tella gar talwit taṛumant d tazɣent n tilisa, gar tfelsafit d umgaru, gar tadbelt d tmettant n waṭas n yemdanen. == Tudert-is tamezwarut == Mark Urel ilul deg Ṛuma. Isem-is ummid Mark Urel Anṭunin( neɣ s tlatinit: '''Marcus Aurelius Antoninus'''). Yekka-d seg tawacult tameqqrant yesɛan lḥeṛma deg tmetti taṛumant. Amenkad Hadriyan yextar-t-id zik, yefka-yas amkan deg usbeddi n tmenkda. [[Antuninus Piyus|Anṭunin Piyus]] yewwi-t-id ɣer twacult-is s usmemmi, yesselmed-as tadbelt, yessuddes-as abrid ɣer ukersii n tmenkda. Mark Urel yelmed ɣer yiselmaden yesɛan tussna d wazal n tallit-nni. Yelmed tasekla, tutlayin, tasertit, akked tfelsafit. Tafelsafit [[Tastuysit|tasṭuwit]] tekcem ɣer wallaɣ-is, tesselmed-as belli amdan ilaq ad yidir s wudem umeẓɣan, s tuẓulin, s ṣṣber, akked s uqbal n wayen ur yezmir ara ad ibeddel. == Tanbaḍt-is d usbeddi n tmenkda == Deg useggas 161, mi yemmut [[Antuninus Piyus|Anṭunin Piyus]], Mark Urel yuɣal d amnekad. Ur yebɣi ara ad yeḥkem i yiman-is kan, yessbedd Lusius Virus d amnekad akked-s. Sin-nni ḥekmen ɣef Tamenkda Taṛumant, maca Mark Urel yella d win yesɛan ṛṛay ameqqran akked tmussni n tsertit. Tallit n tnbaḍt n umenkad Mark Urel (161–180 S.Ɛ.) tella d tin yeddren amedya ameqqran n wussisan deg tudsa d usnerni n tedamsa d teɣdemt deg agensu n Umenkud Aṛumani. Ɣas akken ccwal n beṛṛa am umgaru mgal Yiparṭiyen d Yiǧermaniyen wwin adras ameqqran deg umezruy-is, amenkad yessefti aṭas n tzemmar deg uḥraz n wurkad n daxel, aselḥi n isaḍufen, d ufus n tallalt i yiɣermanen deg lawan n twaɣiyin. Deg tazwara n tnbaḍt-is deg useggas n 161 S.Ɛ., Mark Urel yexdem takti tamaynut deg umezruy aṛumani: yefren gma-s s usmemmi, Lusyus Virus (Lucius Verus), akken ad ilin d imenkaden i sin s tzemmar yellan s wudem n tagada. D tikkelt tamezwarut deg umezruy i deg yebḍa udabu unṣib gar sin n yemdanen iwumi fkan azwel n ''Augustus''. Ɣas akken Mark Urel yella yesɛa adabu amezwaru d usrid deg tlufa timeqqranin, tasertit-a tessaweḍ ad tqeṛṛeɛ tawaɣit n umennuɣ n daxel yerzan lweṛt n udabu. Sin-a n yimenkaden xedmen s umtawa d tdukli alamma d tamettant n Lusyus Virus deg useggas n 169 S.Ɛ., mi d-yufa Mark Urel iman-is d anebbaḍ awḥid n tmenkda. Mi yemmut Lusyus Virus, Mark Urel yeqqim d amnekad i yiman-is. Yella yettnadi ad yili d amdan n teɣdemt, mačči d amnakad n ṭṭrad. Yefka azal i usenqed n tadbelt, i uqader n iṣuḍaf, akked umesten n tilisa n tmenkda. == Imgaru d tilisa n tmenkda == Tallit n Mark Urel ur telli ara d tallit n talwit kan. Deg usammer, yella umgaru mgal Iparṭiyen. Deg ugafa, llan imenɣiyen mgal Iǧermaniyen, Imarkumanen, akked Ikwaḍiyen, ɣer yiri n wasif n Danub. Mark Urel yedda s timmad-is ɣer yiri n tilisa, yesselḥa iserdasen, u yeḥrez imukan yellan ɣer yiri n tlisa. Imgaru-agi ssaɣlayen aṭas n yemdanen, ssalayen tiwsi, ssnernayen aɣilif n tmetti. Maca Mark Urel yella yettnadi ad yesbedd talwit, ad yeḥrez tilisa, u ad yeḥrez tamenkda seg inṭagen n yimenzaɣen. Deg tmuɣli n tsertit, yella yefhem belli Tamenkda Taṛumant teḥwaǧ aserdas iǧehden, maca daɣen tadbelt ifazen. 2wqngsn5h30okyomcd81w6wlr792xc7 0 25529 117018 117016 2026-08-09T09:38:38Z Gurzil90x 14292 arniɣ ayen ilaqen 117018 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Ludwig Feuerbach-1.2 V01-1.1.1 cropped and rotated.jpg|vignette|Ludwing Feurebach.]] '''Ludwig Andreas von Feuerbach''' (1804–1872) d yiwen seg ifelsafen n [[Lalman]] imeqqranen n lqern wis 19. Tafelsafit-is tbedd ɣef sin yigejda: azɣan n tefelsafit n wuktu n [[Hegel]], d uselmed belli amdan d tumast n yal tikti, n yal asɣan, d yal tussna. Deg umahil-is ameqqran « Tumast n Tmasiḥit » (Das Wesen des Christentums, 1841), yesken-d belli Yakuc ur yelli ara d ayen yeffɣen i wemdan, maca d asenẓer(asenfar) n tefsert n wemdan i yessuli ɣer yigenni. S wannect-a, Feuerbach yeldi abrid i tefelsafit tatrart n tenga, yerna yesbedd lsas i tmusni talsant ara d-yawin [[Karl Marks|Marks]], Engels, d waṭas n yifelsafen niḍen ɣer ubrid n tengat d tmetti. == I. Tudert d Uselmed n Feuerbach == === 1.1. Talalit d twacult === Ludwig Feuerbach ilul-d deg 1804 deg ''Landshut'', di ''Bavaria'', deg twacult n yimfelsafen d yimusnawen. Baba-s, ''Paul Johann Anselm von Feuerbach'', d yiwen seg yimusnawen imeqqranen n uzref deg lqern wis 19. Gma-s, ''Karl Wilhelm Feuerbach'', d amusnaw n tusnakt. Ihi, Ludwig yekker-d deg twennaḍt n tmusni d uselmed, anda tiktiwin timaynutin d yinadiyen yeṭṭfen adeg ameqqran deg tudert-is n yal ass. === 1.2. Aselmed deg Berlin d Erlangen === Deg 1823, Feuerbach yekcem ɣer tesdawit n Heidelberg akken ad yelmed tasnakuct (théologie). Maca, seg 1824, yezger ɣer Berlin, anda i yefka tameẓẓuɣt i yiselmaden n Hegel. Din, yelmed tafelsafit n [[Hegel]] s telqayt, yerna yuɣal d yiwen seg yinelmaden-is imeqqranen. Deg 1828, yekfa aselmed-is deg Erlangen s tezrigt ɣef « Tmusni n wallaɣ » (De ratione una, universali, infinita). Seg 1829 armi 1835, yesselmed tafelsafit deg Erlangen. === 1.3. Abaɣur d unadi === Deg 1830, yeffeɣ-d wedlis-is amezwaru « Tidmi ɣef tmettant d tmeɣlalt » (Gedanken über Tod und Unsterblichkeit), anda yenna belli tamettant d taggara n tudert, ur telli ara tmeɣlalt n yiman. Aya yegla-d s uɣilif: aselmed-is yettwagdel, yerna yettwakkes seg tesdawit. Seg imir-n, yedder deg ''Bruckberg'', deg lɛerc n tmeṭṭut-is, anda yura aṭas n yidlisen. Deg 1848–1849, yefka-d timsirin ɣef tumast n tmasiḥit deg Heidelberg. Yemmut deg 1872 deg ''Rechenberg'', qrib ''Nuremberg''. == II. Azɣan n Tefelsafit n Hegel == === 2.1. Seg uḍfar ɣer uzɣan === Feuerbach yebda d aḍefran n [[Hegel]]. Yesseqdac tarrayt n Hegel, yettamen belli « Tidmi » (Geist) d tumast n yal ayen yellan. Maca, seg iseggasen n 1839–1843, yebda yettwali belli tefelsafit n Hegel tbeddel tilawt: deg waddad n Hegel, Tidmi d nettat i d-yessawalayen amdan d ddunit, maca Feuerbach yenna belli amdan d ddunit i d-yessawalayen tidmi. Aya d abeddel ameqqran: seg « Tidmi tesselmad amdan » ɣer « Amdan i d-yessawalayen tidmi ». === 2.2. « Tifelsafit n uzekka » (1843) === Deg wedlis-is « Imenzayen n Tefelsafit n Uzekka » (Grundsätze der Philosophie der Zukunft), Feuerbach yura s wawal izgan: « Tifelsafit n Hegel tessuli tidmi ɣer udabu, maca tidmi ur tezmir ara ad tili mebla amdan i yettmeyyizen. D amdan i d-yettaken anamek i tidmi, mačči d tidmi i d-yettaken amdan. » Feuerbach yebɣa ad yesseɣli tefelsafit seg yigenni n tiktiwin timadwanen ɣer tmurt n tilawt, n yiḥulfan, d tegnatin n wemdan. Yenna belli tefelsafit ilaq ad tebdu seg wemdan n tidet, amdan n uɣrum, n tmeddurt, n tayri, n lmeḥna — mačči seg « Tidmi tamadwant » ur nesɛi udem. === 2.3. Abddel n uselmed === Feuerbach yessers-d abddel ameqqran deg tefelsafit: Hegel yeqqar: « Tilin d tin i d-yettawin tikti neɣ tafrit» (Sein bestimmt das Bewusstsein). Feuerbach yeqqar: « Tikti d tin i d-yettawin seg tilin » — maca tilin-agi d tilin n wemdan n tidet, n ugama, n yiḥulfan. Aya d abrid i d-yeldin i [[Karl Marks|Marks]], i d-yennan seg imir-n: « Mačči tikti i d-yessawalayen tilin n tmetti, maca tilin n tmetti i d-yessawalayen tikti. » == III. Tasleṭ n Wesɣan: « Tumast n Tmasiḥit » == === 3.1. Tikti tagejdant: « Tasnakuct d tessnalsa » === Tikti tameqqrant akk n Feuerbach d tinna: « Tasnakuct d tessnalsa » (Theologie ist Anthropologie). Aya anamek-is: yal ayen i d-neqqar ɣef Yakuc, deg tidet, d ayen i d-neqqar ɣef wemdan(dayen i d-yekkan seg wamek yella wemdan) — maca s talɣa yettwasemɣren, yettwasbedden berra n wemdan. Feuerbach yenna: « Yakuc d tumast n wemdan yettwaberrzen seg wemdan, yettwasbedden deg yigenni, yettwaɛeẓzen amzun d ayen nniḍen. ». Deg udlis-is agejdan i wumi isemma "Tumast n Tmasiḥit", i d-yeffɣen deg useggas n 1841, Feuerbach yessefhem-d s telqayt belli asɣan d asenẓer n tumast talsant. S unamek nniḍen, d amdan s timmad-is i d-yesnulfan Yakuc (Ṛebbi). yeḥseb-it d imezgi n uktuyen-is d yisirmen-is yelhan akk, am tayri, tamusni, taɣdemt, d tnezzmart tameɣlalt. Feuerbach yeqqar-d belli amdan, mi ara yefk akk tiɣariwin-a i yiwet n tɣawsa n beṛṛa i t-yugaren, yettak-as azal i nettat d tnezzmart-is, yettu iman-is d wayen yezmer ad t-ixdem. Ayagi d ayen i d-igellun s tkufḍa, imi amdan yettwali iman-is d aleqqaq zdat n tesmekta n usugen i d-ixleq yiman-is. Akken ad d-yerr amdan azal-is d tilelli-s, issefk fell-as ad yegzu belli ayen akk i yettnadi deg usɣan yella deg tumast-is talsant d ugama-s. S wakka, Feuerbach yerra tasnakuca d tasnalsa, imi ɣur-s tuffirt n usɣan d amdan d tilawt-is. === 3.2. Asenfar n tumast n wemdan === Feuerbach yessefhem amek i yettxemmem wemdan asɣan: '''Amdan yettwali''' '''asenẓer-is(tifsar-is)''': Tifsar-is d tayri, d tamusni, d tezmert, d leḥnana, d tanezmart. '''Yessemɣar-iten:''' Yessuli tifsar-is ɣer udabu ameqqran, yerra-ten d ayen ur nesɛi talast. '''Yesbedd-iten berra-s:''' Yefka-asen isem « Yakuc », yerra-ten d ayen yellan deg yigenni, ur nelli deg wemdan. '''Yeɛbed-iten:''' Yuɣal yettɛebbid ayen i d-yexleq s yiman-is, yettwali-t d ameqqran, netta d ameẓẓyan. Feuerbach yura: « Amdan yessekcem tumast-is deg Yakuc, syin yettwali Yakuc d ayen yeffɣen i wemdan, d ayen yettḥekkmen fell-as. » === 3.3. Asɣan d takufḍa === Deg tmuɣli n Feuerbach, asɣan d talɣa n tkufḍa: amdan yettak afus-is i wayen i d-yexleq, syin yettuɣal d aqeddac n wayen i d-yexleq s yiman-is. Aya yecba wayen i d-yenna ɣef tedrimt: amdan ixeddem, yessewjed-d lɣella, maca lɣella-ines tuɣal d ayen yettḥekkmen fell-as. === 3.4. Acu i d-yewwi usɣan i wemdan? === Feuerbach ur yeqqer ara asɣan ur nesɛi anamek. Yenna belli asɣan yesɛa anamek: d asirem n wemdan, d tayri-s i leḥnana, d tazmert i yettnadi. Maca asɣan yesker-d takufḍa imi yessekcem tifsar-agi berra n wemdan, deg wemkan ad yettilint deg wemdan s timmad-is. p900m49glldc68v9hmnj3da3qscfboy