Adam Smith

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    <title>Adam Smith</title>
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      <comment>seɣtiɣ kra n tucdiwin, syin arniɣ aḍris amaynut</comment>
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      <text bytes="892" sha1="nngqllvw1i4qsegaae0sgnrmknwphao" xml:space="preserve">{{Ẓer taynisemt|Smith}}
{{Infobox biography}}


'''Adam Smith''' (ilul deg yunyu 1723 deg Kirkcaldy – yemmut ass n 17 yulyu 1790 deg Edinburgh) d afelsuf d umsadmas askusi. Yettwaḥsab d yiwen gar yirgazen imeqqranen n Tallit n '''''Tafat n Skusya''''', yerna d netta i d « Baba n tdamsa tatrart » akked tlibiralit tadamsant. 

Amur ameqqran n tmahilt-ines yebna ɣef tesleḍt n wamek tebded tmetti, amek leḥḥun yigadazen (ulzuzen), d wamek i d-tettili tbaɣurt deg yiɣlanen. Sin n yidlisen-is imeqqranen d ''Tiẓri n Yiḥulfan Imadwanen'' (1759) akked ''Tazrawt ɣef Ugama d Yisragen n Tbaɣurt n Yiɣlanen'' (1776, i yettwassnen s yisem aḥerfi: ''Tabaɣurt n Yiɣlanen'')

==Ayen yura Adam Smith==

*The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759) 
*An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776)

[[Category:Tameddurt]][[Category:Afelsuf]][[Category:Ademsan]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Eman Al Yousuf</title>
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        <username>Andre Engels</username>
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      <comment>merge</comment>
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{{Infobox biography}}

'''Eman Al Yousuf''' (s taɛrabt : إيمان اليوسف), tettwaled di 1987 deg [[Tigrawin Yedduklen n Timmurtiyin]], d-taruḥt d [[injiniṛ chimique|injiniṛt chimique]] n Timmura. Tewwin s usawen n wass agellid n Tigrawin Yedduklen – Askari n Tigrawin i usnifel (2016) i tsuffeɣt-is ''Ḥâris n yiṭṭij (Amḥar n yiṭṭij)'', u yella-d daɣen tasawt n yiznan ''Asfunnu i yeẓri'' d ''Tuddma n wiyaḍ'', akked ddeqs n yigrudem n temsekwtin. Tamusniṭ-is ''Amḥar n yiṭṭij'' tettwasuqqel ɣer sebɛa n tutlayin. D-tameggagt tamezwarut n Timmura i yettwafernen sɣur [[Tasdawit n Iowa]] (Iwunak), i tsarut tamaḍtut ɣef tira tazayazt n umedyaz (IWP).&lt;ref&gt;https://www.alittihad.ae/article/19691/2019/إيمان-اليوسف--مهندسة-تشرع-نافذتها-على-الأدب&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.arabicfiction.org/ar/node/1452&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tameddurt ==
D-injiniṛt chimique s tsentirt d tameddurt n [[grafoloji]], Eman Al Yousuf tettwali-d seg [[Tasdawit Tamarikanit n Charjah]] (AUS).&lt;ref&gt;https://www.alittihad.ae/article/19691/2019/إيمان-اليوسف--مهندسة-تشرع-نافذتها-على-الأدب&lt;/ref&gt; Deg 2017, teṭṭefka-d aselkin deg tidyanin n tameskarut di [[Berlin]].&lt;ref&gt;https://www.albayan.ae/across-the-uae/news-and-reports/2017-10-12-1.3065499&lt;/ref&gt; Sakin ttwassel aselkim n masṭer di &quot;management des connaissances&quot; di [[Tasdawit Tamarikanit deg Tigrawin Yedduklen]]. Tettgezmen di bureau n [[Tiddukla n yimeskaren akked yirgazen n tira n Timmura]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite Web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.nce.gov.ae/ar/article/1399/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81 |access-date=2025-09-06 |archive-date=2021-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027163948/https://nce.gov.ae/ar/article/1399/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tesuffeɣ kra n yiznan d kra n yigrudem n temsekwtin, am ''Aẓri deg akwaryum'', ''Udmawen n umdan'' d ''Tigejditen n yilef''. Deg 2016, temsekwt-is ''Nek d tazwart n çây'' tettwasɛaṛ deg userḥu iwakken ad tenked Timmura di Festival n Tiwaculturen n Tazzult (5ᵉ). Deg yiwen wass, yiznan-is ''Amḥar n yiṭṭij'' yewin askar n Timmura i usnifel.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.alittihad.ae/article/19691/2019/إيمان-اليوسف--مهندسة-تشرع-نافذتها-على-الأدب&lt;/ref&gt;

Di 2015, tesuffeɣ ''[[Khobz wa-ḥibr|Aɣrum d tḥibr]]'', amedya-amyannan akked taruḥin timmuriyin ɣef isuɣalen n timetti, tira akked wudem n timetti deg tmeddurt.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.arabicfiction.org/ar/node/1452&lt;/ref&gt;

Tameggagt tamezwarut n Timmura i yura askar aqecuc n Timmura d n taruḥt, ''Ghafah'', yettwaɣ-d sɣur [[Aïcha Al-Zaabi]] u yettwasken di [[Festival n Tifyal n Dubaï]] (2017). Tetturaḥ-d daɣen tamagit n wayur s yisem ''Ddaw n tḥibr'' deg ''Tajerṛumt Tazult n Timmura'' akked tamagit n yimalas ''Amrir n tiḍrict'' deg usgass ''Al-Roeya''. Tettekki deg ddeqs n yimecwaṛen n tazult, am Festival n Timmura i Tira, u tesrepresenta-d Timmura deg ddeqs n tmurtin (Sbanya, Faransa, Miṣṛ, Almanya…).&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ausalumni.ae/s/1467/17/interior.aspx?sid=1467&amp;gid=1&amp;pgid=252&amp;cid=3161&amp;ecid=3161&amp;crid=0&amp;calpgid=15&amp;calcid=752&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ixeddamen ==
=== Timsekwtin ===
* ''Udmawen n umdan'' (''Wujûh Insân'')  
* ''Aẓri deg akwaryum'' (''Tâ’ir fî ḥawḍ al-samak''), 2014  
* ''Tigejditen n yilef'' (''Bayḍ ʿUyûn'')  
* ''Nek d tazwart n çây'' (''Anâ ibrîq al-chây'')  

=== Yiznan ===
* ''Asfunnu i yeẓri'' (''Al-nâfiḏa allatî abṣarat''), 2014  
* ''Amḥar n yiṭṭij'' (''Hâris al-shams''), 2015 — Askari n Timmura i usnifel 2016  
* ''Tuddma n wiyaḍ'' (''Qiyâmat al-âkharîn''), 2019  

=== Askar aqecuc ===
* ''Ghafah'', 2017  

== Asnifel ==
* 2016 : askari n Timmura i usnifel i ''Amḥar n yiṭṭij''.

== Tiwelhiwin ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Al Yousuf, Eman}}
[[Taggayt:Tameṭṭut timmurit]]  
[[Taggayt:Ameskar n tira timmuri]]  
[[Taggayt:Injiniṛ chimique]]  
[[Taggayt:Tlidt di 1987]]</text>
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    <title>Solana (tiɣeṛɣeṛt tasenselkamt)</title>
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      <comment>arniɣ ayen ilaqen</comment>
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      <text bytes="1219" sha1="f85xdwyrgbtvaznai7d8ataw1iecgn3" xml:space="preserve">[[Tugna:Solana- logo.png|vignette|Alugu n Solana.]]
'''Solana''' d yiwet n tɣeṛɣeṛt tasenselkamt n uzrar n yiḥedran (blockchain) yeldin, i d-yettwasbedden iwakken ad tesrewwes isnasen irlemmasen (dApps) d yiguta uḥricen. Asuṛdi-is umḍin aṣaduran yettwassnen s yisem n SOL.

Tettwassen Solana ladɣa s wurured-is afellay d waktum ameqran n tnigawin i tasint (TPS), akk d watig adday n usefser n yisefka, s useqdec n uneggaf amaynut i wumi qqaren Anza n Umezruy (Proof of History - PoH).

== 2. Amezruy d Tlalit ==
Yebda-d usenfar n Solana deg useggas n 2017 sɣur ujenyuṛ ''Anatoly Yakovenko'', i yellan yakan yeqdec deg teṛmist n Qualcomm. Yakovenko yura-d aḍris atikni (whitepaper) ideg i d-yessefhem amek ara yegzu unagraw n uzemzakud awgelhan (cryptographic timestamping) tignatin n useḍru n tnigawin mbla ma yettraǧu uzeṭṭa amtawi amagnu ger wakk tikerwas.

Deg useggas n 2018, yerna-d ɣur-s ujenyuṛ Greg Fitzgerald akked Stephen Akridge iwakken ad sbedden tasbeddit n Solana Labs. Tuddsa tagraɣlant n Solana tella tura deg temdint n Genève (di tmurt n Taswisrit), d nettat i d-yelhan s usnerni d usedger n usenfar-a.

Lqem amezwaru n uzeṭṭa agejday yeffeɣ-d deg meɣres 2020.</text>
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        <username>Gurzil90x</username>
        <id>14292</id>
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      <comment>arniɣ ayen ilaqen</comment>
      <origin>117268</origin>
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      <text bytes="2538" sha1="dpqhhuamfig3zn4uds5yhy2a5l8wzwc" xml:space="preserve">[[Tugna:Solana- logo.png|vignette|Alugu n Solana.]]
'''Solana''' d yiwet n tɣeṛɣeṛt tasenselkamt n uzrar n yiḥedran (blockchain) yeldin, i d-yettwasbedden iwakken ad tesrewwes isnasen irlemmasen (dApps) d yiguta uḥricen. Asuṛdi-is umḍin aṣaduran yettwassnen s yisem n SOL.

Tettwassen Solana ladɣa s wurured-is afellay d waktum ameqran n tnigawin i tasint (TPS), akk d watig adday n usefser n yisefka, s useqdec n uneggaf amaynut i wumi qqaren Anza n Umezruy (Proof of History - PoH).

== Amezruy d Tlalit ==
Yebda-d usenfar n Solana deg useggas n 2017 sɣur ujenyuṛ ''Anatoly Yakovenko'', i yellan yakan yeqdec deg teṛmist n Qualcomm. Yakovenko yura-d aḍris atikni (whitepaper) ideg i d-yessefhem amek ara yegzu unagraw n uzemzakud awgelhan (cryptographic timestamping) tignatin n useḍru n tnigawin mbla ma yettraǧu uzeṭṭa amtawi amagnu ger wakk tikerwas.

Deg useggas n 2018, yerna-d ɣur-s ujenyuṛ Greg Fitzgerald akked Stephen Akridge iwakken ad sbedden tasbeddit n Solana Labs. Tuddsa tagraɣlant n Solana tella tura deg temdint n Genève (di tmurt n Taswisrit), d nettat i d-yelhan s usnerni d usedger n usenfar-a.

Lqem amezwaru n uzeṭṭa agejday yeffeɣ-d deg meɣres 2020.

== Tasegda Tatiknulujit ==
Tettwafeṣṣel tsegda n Solana iwakken ad tefk aktum afellay n usefser s warrumen imaynuten n tsenselkimt:

=== 1. Anza n Umezruy (Proof of History - PoH) ===
Mačči d anagraw n umtawa weḥd-s, wanag d tamrilt tawgelhant. S usedger n tseddarin n usenqed SHA-256 (hashing sequencé SHA-256), yal tanigawt tettawi azemzakud (timestamp) i d-yesskanayen melmi s swa-swa i d-tella deg wakud. D aya i yeǧǧan tikerwas ur ttḥajjant ara ad mmeslayent gar-asent iwakken ad mtawint ɣef wakud n tedyant.

=== 3. Anza n Tmerniwt (Proof of Stake - PoS) ===
S yidis n PoH, azeṭṭa yeṭṭef deg unagraw n Unza n Tmerniwt (PoS - Tower BFT). '''Imseɣbalen''' ttseddayen tiddas-nsen SOL iwakken ad sseɣblen iḥedran n yisefka yerna ad ḥerzen taɣellist n uzeṭṭa.

=== 3. Asefser amsadaɣ (Amsadday Sealevel) ===
Mgal inagrawen iqdimen i ixeddmen asefser ulkim (sequential processing), anagraw n Solana izmer ad yesselkem aṭas n yiguta uḥricen s wusefser amsadaɣ, acku asekkar-is yessexdam imikṛusekkaren yesɛan aṭas n yikalan ifessasen n uẓeṭṭa .

=== 3. Aktum d Wurured ===
'''Aktum n tnigawin''': Yezmer ad yaweḍ seg 50,000 ar 65,000 n tnigawin i tasint (TPS) deg tegnatin iwulman.

'''Akud n yiḥder''': Akud n usnulfu n yiḥder yewweḍ ar azal n 400 n mili-tasint.</text>
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        <username>Gurzil90x</username>
        <id>14292</id>
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      <comment>arniɣ ayen ilaqen</comment>
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      <text bytes="3179" sha1="kh0ixev4i1zist98kcf439ny9y26c5y" xml:space="preserve">[[Tugna:Solana- logo.png|vignette|Alugu n Solana.]]
'''Solana''' d yiwet n tɣeṛɣeṛt tasenselkamt n uzrar n yiḥedran (blockchain) yeldin, i d-yettwasbedden iwakken ad tesrewwes isnasen irlemmasen (dApps) d yiguta uḥricen. Asuṛdi-is umḍin aṣaduran yettwassnen s yisem n SOL.

Tettwassen Solana ladɣa s wurured-is afellay d waktum ameqran n tnigawin i tasint (TPS), akk d watig adday n usefser n yisefka, s useqdec n uneggaf amaynut i wumi qqaren Anza n Umezruy (Proof of History - PoH).

== Amezruy d Tlalit ==
Yebda-d usenfar n Solana deg useggas n 2017 sɣur ujenyuṛ ''Anatoly Yakovenko'', i yellan yakan yeqdec deg teṛmist n Qualcomm. Yakovenko yura-d aḍris atikni (whitepaper) ideg i d-yessefhem amek ara yegzu unagraw n uzemzakud awgelhan (cryptographic timestamping) tignatin n useḍru n tnigawin mbla ma yettraǧu uzeṭṭa amtawi amagnu ger wakk tikerwas.

Deg useggas n 2018, yerna-d ɣur-s ujenyuṛ Greg Fitzgerald akked Stephen Akridge iwakken ad sbedden tasbeddit n Solana Labs. Tuddsa tagraɣlant n Solana tella tura deg temdint n Genève (di tmurt n Taswisrit), d nettat i d-yelhan s usnerni d usedger n usenfar-a.

Lqem amezwaru n uzeṭṭa agejday yeffeɣ-d deg meɣres 2020.

== Tasegda Tatiknulujit ==
Tettwafeṣṣel tsegda n Solana iwakken ad tefk aktum afellay n usefser s warrumen imaynuten n tsenselkimt:

=== 1. Anza n Umezruy (Proof of History - PoH) ===
Mačči d anagraw n umtawa weḥd-s, wanag d tamrilt tawgelhant. S usedger n tseddarin n usenqed SHA-256 (hashing sequencé SHA-256), yal tanigawt tettawi azemzakud (timestamp) i d-yesskanayen melmi s swa-swa i d-tella deg wakud. D aya i yeǧǧan tikerwas ur ttḥajjant ara ad mmeslayent gar-asent iwakken ad mtawint ɣef wakud n tedyant.

=== 3. Anza n Tmerniwt neɣ n usersi (Proof of Stake - PoS) ===
S yidis n PoH, azeṭṭa yeṭṭef deg unagraw n Unza n Tmerniwt (PoS - Tower BFT). '''Imseɣbalen''' ttseddayen tiddas-nsen SOL iwakken ad sseɣblen iḥedran n yisefka yerna ad ḥerzen taɣellist n uzeṭṭa.

=== 3. Asefser amsadaɣ (Amsadday Sealevel) ===
Mgal inagrawen iqdimen i ixeddmen asefser ulkim (sequential processing), anagraw n Solana izmer ad yesselkem aṭas n yiguta uḥricen s wusefser amsadaɣ, acku asekkar-is yessexdam imikṛusekkaren yesɛan aṭas n yikalan ifessasen n uẓeṭṭa .

=== 3. Aktum d Wurured ===
'''Aktum n tnigawin''': Yezmer ad yaweḍ seg 50,000 ar 65,000 n tnigawin i tasint (TPS) deg tegnatin iwulman.

'''Akud n yiḥder''': Akud n usnulfu n yiḥder yewweḍ ar azal n 400 n mili-tasint.

== Asuṛdi Umḍin SOL ==
SOL d tiddest tanaṣlit n uzeṭṭa n Solana:

'''Atig n usefser''': Asuṛdi SOL yettwaseqdec i uxelleṣ n watig n tnigawin d usekcem n yisnasen deg uzrar n yiḥedran.

'''Aseɣbel d''' '''Usersi''' (Staking): Iseqdacen zemren ad rren SOL d asersi ɣer yimseɣbalen iwakken ad ttekkin deg tɣellist n uzeṭṭa yerna ad d-awwin ibaɣuren (rewards).

'''Anbaḍ''': Tiddest SOL tettak azref i yimeltaɣen ad fken tixtiṛiyin ɣef yisental n usnefli n uzeṭṭa.

Aferdis amectuḥ maḍi n SOL qqaren-as Lamport (1 SOL = 10^9109 Lamports), i lmend n umusnaw n tsenselkimt ''Leslie Lamport''.</text>
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        <id>14292</id>
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      <comment>arniɣ ayen ilaqen</comment>
      <origin>117275</origin>
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      <text bytes="4110" sha1="306ylymcxqremrpia6d98jy7wcz9896" xml:space="preserve">[[Tugna:Solana- logo.png|vignette|Alugu n Solana.]]
'''Solana''' d yiwet n tɣeṛɣeṛt tasenselkamt n uzrar n yiḥedran (blockchain) yeldin, i d-yettwasbedden iwakken ad tesrewwes isnasen irlemmasen (dApps) d yiguta uḥricen. Asuṛdi-is umḍin aṣaduran yettwassnen s yisem n SOL.

Tettwassen Solana ladɣa s wurured-is afellay d waktum ameqran n tnigawin i tasint (TPS), akk d watig adday n usefser n yisefka, s useqdec n uneggaf amaynut i wumi qqaren Anza n Umezruy (Proof of History - PoH).

== Amezruy d Tlalit ==
Yebda-d usenfar n Solana deg useggas n 2017 sɣur ujenyuṛ ''Anatoly Yakovenko'', i yellan yakan yeqdec deg teṛmist n Qualcomm. Yakovenko yura-d aḍris atikni (whitepaper) ideg i d-yessefhem amek ara yegzu unagraw n uzemzakud awgelhan (cryptographic timestamping) tignatin n useḍru n tnigawin mbla ma yettraǧu uzeṭṭa amtawi amagnu ger wakk tikerwas.

Deg useggas n 2018, yerna-d ɣur-s ujenyuṛ Greg Fitzgerald akked Stephen Akridge iwakken ad sbedden tasbeddit n Solana Labs. Tuddsa tagraɣlant n Solana tella tura deg temdint n Genève (di tmurt n Taswisrit), d nettat i d-yelhan s usnerni d usedger n usenfar-a.

Lqem amezwaru n uzeṭṭa agejday yeffeɣ-d deg meɣres 2020.

== Tasegda Tatiknulujit ==
Tettwafeṣṣel tsegda n Solana iwakken ad tefk aktum afellay n usefser s warrumen imaynuten n tsenselkimt:

=== 1. Anza n Umezruy (Proof of History - PoH) ===
Mačči d anagraw n umtawa weḥd-s, wanag d tamrilt tawgelhant. S usedger n tseddarin n usenqed SHA-256 (hashing sequencé SHA-256), yal tanigawt tettawi azemzakud (timestamp) i d-yesskanayen melmi s swa-swa i d-tella deg wakud. D aya i yeǧǧan tikerwas ur ttḥajjant ara ad mmeslayent gar-asent iwakken ad mtawint ɣef wakud n tedyant.

=== 3. Anza n Tmerniwt neɣ n usersi (Proof of Stake - PoS) ===
S yidis n PoH, azeṭṭa yeṭṭef deg unagraw n Unza n Tmerniwt (PoS - Tower BFT). '''Imseɣbalen''' ttseddayen tiddas-nsen SOL iwakken ad sseɣblen iḥedran n yisefka yerna ad ḥerzen taɣellist n uzeṭṭa.

=== 3. Asefser amsadaɣ (Amsadday Sealevel) ===
Mgal inagrawen iqdimen i ixeddmen asefser ulkim (sequential processing), anagraw n Solana izmer ad yesselkem aṭas n yiguta uḥricen s wusefser amsadaɣ, acku asekkar-is yessexdam imikṛusekkaren yesɛan aṭas n yikalan ifessasen n uẓeṭṭa .

=== 3. Aktum d Wurured ===
'''Aktum n tnigawin''': Yezmer ad yaweḍ seg 50,000 ar 65,000 n tnigawin i tasint (TPS) deg tegnatin iwulman.

'''Akud n yiḥder''': Akud n usnulfu n yiḥder yewweḍ ar azal n 400 n mili-tasint.

== Asuṛdi Umḍin SOL ==
SOL d tiddest tanaṣlit n uzeṭṭa n Solana:

'''Atig n usefser''': Asuṛdi SOL yettwaseqdec i uxelleṣ n watig n tnigawin d usekcem n yisnasen deg uzrar n yiḥedran.

'''Aseɣbel d''' '''Usersi''' (Staking): Iseqdacen zemren ad rren SOL d asersi ɣer yimseɣbalen iwakken ad ttekkin deg tɣellist n uzeṭṭa yerna ad d-awwin ibaɣuren (rewards).

'''Anbaḍ''': Tiddest SOL tettak azref i yimeltaɣen ad fken tixtiṛiyin ɣef yisental n usnefli n uzeṭṭa.

Aferdis amectuḥ maḍi n SOL qqaren-as Lamport (1 SOL = 10^9109 Lamports), i lmend n umusnaw n tsenselkimt ''Leslie Lamport''.

== Inagrawen d Yisnasen (Ecosystem) ==
Azeṭṭa n Solana yesɛa anagraw yennekmalen n yisnasen irlemmasen:

'''Tadamsa Tarlemmast (DeFi)''': Isnasen n ubeddel n yisurda umḍinen am Raydium, Orca, d Jupiter.

'''Tiddas tusligin ur nbeddel (NFTs)''': Tiɣeṛɣaṛ n uznuzu d usekles n tugniwin d tẓuṛi tumḍint (am Magic Eden d Tensor).

'''Allalen n tiliɣri tatrart''': Asnulfu n tilifunat umḍinen yebnan ɣef Web3 (am Solana Saga d Seeker).

== Uguren d Tuzzma ==
Ɣas akken Solana tewwi-d arrumen d imaynuten, tettqabel kra n wuguren:

'''Aɣelluy n uzeṭṭa''': Deg yiseggassen n 2021 d 2022, azeṭṭa yeḥbes kra n tikkal ɣef ljal n waṭas n tnigawin i d-ikecmen ɣef tikkelt (Spam attacks / overloading).

'''Asteqsi ɣef uslemme'''s: Iwakken ad yexdem '''umseɣbal''', yessefk ad yesɛu arrumen n uselkim iǧehden yerna ɣlayen maḍi, d ayen yettsenqasen amḍan n yimdanen izemren ad sbedden tikerrist.</text>
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    <title>Module:Infobox/styles.css</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>117270</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-01T04:51:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Asorev</username>
        <id>17084</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Asebtar amaynut: /* {{pp|small=y}} */ /*  * This TemplateStyles sheet deliberately does NOT include the full set of  * infobox styles. We are still working to migrate all of the manual  * infoboxes. See [[MediaWiki talk:Common.css/to do#Infobox]]  * DO NOT ADD THEM HERE  */  /* NOTE: This is maintained both here and in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] until migration is complete.  * Starting with bare minimum for the benefit of [[mw:Manual:Safemode]]. */ @media (min-width: 640px) { 	.infobox { 		/*...</comment>
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      <format>text/css</format>
      <text bytes="2651" sha1="bi1nsztkx4350a55cuzjhaotvp5h216" xml:space="preserve">/* {{pp|small=y}} */
/*
 * This TemplateStyles sheet deliberately does NOT include the full set of
 * infobox styles. We are still working to migrate all of the manual
 * infoboxes. See [[MediaWiki talk:Common.css/to do#Infobox]]
 * DO NOT ADD THEM HERE
 */

/* NOTE: This is maintained both here and in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] until migration is complete.
 * Starting with bare minimum for the benefit of [[mw:Manual:Safemode]]. */
@media (min-width: 640px) {
	.infobox {
		/* @noflip */
		margin-left: 1em;
		/* @noflip */
		float: right;
		/* @noflip */
		clear: right;
		width: 22em;
	}
}

/*
 * not strictly certain these styles are necessary since the modules now
 * exclusively output infobox-subbox or infobox, not both
 * just replicating the module faithfully
 */
.infobox-subbox {
	padding: 0;
	border: none;
	margin: -3px;
	width: auto;
	min-width: 100%;
	font-size: 100%;
	clear: none;
	float: none;
	background-color: transparent;
    color:inherit;
}

.infobox-3cols-child {
	margin: -3px;
}

.infobox .navbar {
	font-size: 100%;
}

/* remove when infobox is not a table anymore */
.infobox-hiddenrow,
/* we mean it, Minerva. but also Vector 2022 in the future at some point */
body.skin--responsive.skin--responsive .infobox .infobox-hiddenrow {
	display: none;
}
	
/* Dark theme: [[William Wragg]], [[Coral Castle]] */
@media screen {
	html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) &gt; div:not(.notheme)[style] {
		background: #1f1f23 !important;
		/* switch with var( --color-base ) when supported. */
		color: #f8f9fa;
	}
}

@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
	html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) &gt; div:not(.notheme)[style] {
		background: #1f1f23 !important;
		/* switch with var( --color-base ) when supported. */
		color: #f8f9fa;
	}
}

/* Since infobox is a table, many infobox templates take advantage of this to
 * add columns and rows to the infobox itself rather than as part of a new table
 * inside them. This class should be discouraged and removed on the long term,
 * but allows us to at least identify these tables going forward
 * Currently in use on: [[Module:Infobox3cols]]
 * Fixes issue described in [[phab:F55300125]] on Vector 2022.
*/
@media (min-width: 640px) {
	body.skin--responsive .infobox-table {
		display: table !important;
	}
	
	body.skin--responsive .infobox-table &gt; caption {
		display: table-caption !important;
	}
	
	body.skin--responsive .infobox-table &gt; tbody {
		display: table-row-group;
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	body.skin--responsive .infobox-table th,
	body.skin--responsive .infobox-table td {
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		padding-right: inherit;
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    <title>Module:Infobox/Styles.css</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>117271</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-01T05:26:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Asorev</username>
        <id>17084</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Asebtar amaynut: /* {{pp|small=y}} */ /*  * This TemplateStyles sheet deliberately does NOT include the full set of  * infobox styles. We are still working to migrate all of the manual  * infoboxes. See [[MediaWiki talk:Common.css/to do#Infobox]]  * DO NOT ADD THEM HERE  */  /* NOTE: This is maintained both here and in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] until migration is complete.  * Starting with bare minimum for the benefit of [[mw:Manual:Safemode]]. */ @media (min-width: 640px) { 	.infobox { 		/*...</comment>
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      <text bytes="2651" sha1="bi1nsztkx4350a55cuzjhaotvp5h216" xml:space="preserve">/* {{pp|small=y}} */
/*
 * This TemplateStyles sheet deliberately does NOT include the full set of
 * infobox styles. We are still working to migrate all of the manual
 * infoboxes. See [[MediaWiki talk:Common.css/to do#Infobox]]
 * DO NOT ADD THEM HERE
 */

/* NOTE: This is maintained both here and in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] until migration is complete.
 * Starting with bare minimum for the benefit of [[mw:Manual:Safemode]]. */
@media (min-width: 640px) {
	.infobox {
		/* @noflip */
		margin-left: 1em;
		/* @noflip */
		float: right;
		/* @noflip */
		clear: right;
		width: 22em;
	}
}

/*
 * not strictly certain these styles are necessary since the modules now
 * exclusively output infobox-subbox or infobox, not both
 * just replicating the module faithfully
 */
.infobox-subbox {
	padding: 0;
	border: none;
	margin: -3px;
	width: auto;
	min-width: 100%;
	font-size: 100%;
	clear: none;
	float: none;
	background-color: transparent;
    color:inherit;
}

.infobox-3cols-child {
	margin: -3px;
}

.infobox .navbar {
	font-size: 100%;
}

/* remove when infobox is not a table anymore */
.infobox-hiddenrow,
/* we mean it, Minerva. but also Vector 2022 in the future at some point */
body.skin--responsive.skin--responsive .infobox .infobox-hiddenrow {
	display: none;
}
	
/* Dark theme: [[William Wragg]], [[Coral Castle]] */
@media screen {
	html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) &gt; div:not(.notheme)[style] {
		background: #1f1f23 !important;
		/* switch with var( --color-base ) when supported. */
		color: #f8f9fa;
	}
}

@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
	html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) &gt; div:not(.notheme)[style] {
		background: #1f1f23 !important;
		/* switch with var( --color-base ) when supported. */
		color: #f8f9fa;
	}
}

/* Since infobox is a table, many infobox templates take advantage of this to
 * add columns and rows to the infobox itself rather than as part of a new table
 * inside them. This class should be discouraged and removed on the long term,
 * but allows us to at least identify these tables going forward
 * Currently in use on: [[Module:Infobox3cols]]
 * Fixes issue described in [[phab:F55300125]] on Vector 2022.
*/
@media (min-width: 640px) {
	body.skin--responsive .infobox-table {
		display: table !important;
	}
	
	body.skin--responsive .infobox-table &gt; caption {
		display: table-caption !important;
	}
	
	body.skin--responsive .infobox-table &gt; tbody {
		display: table-row-group;
	}
	
	body.skin--responsive .infobox-table th,
	body.skin--responsive .infobox-table td {
		padding-left: inherit;
		padding-right: inherit;
	}
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  <page>
    <title>Boris Georgiyevič Perčatkin</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-01T06:54:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Asorev</username>
        <id>17084</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Asebtar amaynut: {{Infobox person | name               = Boris Georgiyevič Perčatkin | native_name        = Борис Георгиевич Перчаткин | image              =  | caption            =  | birth_date         = [[1 Yulyuz]] [[1946]] | birth_place        = [[Mirgorod]], RSS n Ukrayin, Tamunt Tasovyetit | death_date         =  | death_place        =  | nationality        = Tasovyetit, Tamrikit | occupation         = Amnas n yizerfan n umdan, amselway adiyani | religion...</comment>
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      <text bytes="15532" sha1="rjk18p2y17z1thmkcquam8mvo9i14yi" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name               = Boris Georgiyevič Perčatkin
| native_name        = Борис Георгиевич Перчаткин
| image              = 
| caption            = 
| birth_date         = [[1 Yulyuz]] [[1946]]
| birth_place        = [[Mirgorod]], RSS n Ukrayin, Tamunt Tasovyetit
| death_date         = 
| death_place        = 
| nationality        = Tasovyetit, Tamrikit
| occupation         = Amnas n yizerfan n umdan, amselway adiyani
| religion           = Tasiyest ([[Tapentekostit]])
| spouse             = 
| children           = 6
| website            = {{URL|https://bperchatkin.wordpress.com/}}
}}

'''Boris Georgiyevič Perčatkin''' (s trusit: ''Бори́с Гео́ргиевич Перча́ткин''; ilul deg [[1 Yulyuz]] [[1946]]&lt;ref name=&quot;nashaamerica&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nashaamerica.com/blogi/chtivo/item-894/|title=Он спас 1 млн человек. Сегодня они не могут собрать ему на операцию. Как же так?|website=www.nashaamerica.com|access-date=2023-09-26|language=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926133215/http://www.nashaamerica.com/blogi/chtivo/item-894/|archive-date=2023-09-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;) d amtekki ameqqran akk deg umussu n inig adiyani deg tmdint n [[Nakhodka]] deg taggara n iseggasen 1970 d tfaska n iseggasen 1980&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Островская|first=О.П.|chapter=Судьбы участников эмиграционного движения пятидесятников на дальнем востоке в 1970-1980-х гг.|title=Владивосток – точка возвращения: прошлое и настоящее русской эмиграции. Материалы Второй международной научной конференции|url=http://dot.kostacademy.kz/bible/files/769476832.pdf#page=65|publisher=Дальневосточный юридический институт Министерства внутренних дел Российской Федерации|location=[[Khabarovsk]]|date=23 June 2017|pages=65–71|language=ru|isbn=978-5-9753-0229-8|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926080912/http://dot.kostacademy.kz/bible/files/769476832.pdf#page=65|archive-date=2023-09-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;, d amnas n yizerfan n umdan i yennuɣen deg Tddukla n Iwunak i usebded n &quot;Abeddel n Lautenberg&quot; deg 1989, ayen i yejjan azal n 1 n umillun n yimdanen seg tmura n Tamunt Tasovyetit taqdimt ad inigen ɣer Tddukla n Iwunak&lt;ref name=&quot;romanovich&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://spasenie.by/publ/pravozashhitnik_boris_perchatkin_smertelno_bolen/4-1-0-82|title=Правозащитник, Борис Перчаткин, смертельно болен|website=spasenie.by|author=Михаил Романович|access-date=2023-09-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tameddurt ==
=== Iseggasen imezwura d tmesgida ===
Boris Perčatkin ilul deg twacult n umnay n weslal asekred i yemmuten deg usehwu n ubrid cwiṭ kan deffir tlallit n Boris. Yemma-s n Boris, deffir lmut n wergaz-is amezwaru, tewceḍ d aserdasi nniḍen, i yeṭṭfen deg 1953 ɣef sebba n tugin n usekkud n unagbar deg ccwal, yerna yettwaḥkem fell-as s 25 iseggasen n usuffeɣ ɣer yisebseqliyen n [[Vorkuta]]. Deg uwtay n 16 iseggasen, Boris yufa tamesgida tapentekostit deg tmdint n Nakhodka yerna yekcem ɣer-s. Deffir-a, yelqeḍ isallen ɣef uqahar n imaymen yerna yebḍa-tent s tseddist d ineɣmasen iberraniyen&lt;ref name=&quot;semenova&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://usa.one/2020/01/boris-perchatkin-o-veruyushhix-v-sssr-immigracii-v-ssha-i-aktivizme/|title=Борис Перчаткин — о том, как помогал верующим из СССР попасть в США|website=usa.one|author=Виктория Семёнова|date=2020-01-03|access-date=2023-09-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Ahraw ɣer umussu n inig d unmis d imenza (1976–1980) ===
Deg 1976, Perčatkin, d yimeddukal-is Vasili Patrušev, V. A. Burlatsjenko d Vladimir Stepanov, gan anmis d imenza deg [[Mosku]] yerna aggran iwetlin i &quot;uselway n urray n inig ɣer tabatut tusligt&quot;. Deg useggas-nni, L. V. Voronina, tamgariyt n [[Agraw n Mosku n Helsinki]], tewweḍ-d ɣer Nakhodka. Seg useggas-nni, Perčatkin yesseghras s tseddist asuffeɣ n waṭas n yipentekostiyen seg [[Tamunt Tasovyetit|URSS]]&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;. Deg useggas-nni, Perčatkin yewzen isuturen ɣer [[Tiddukla n Yeɣlanen|ONU]], ɣer [[Agraw Amadalan n Tmesgidiwin]] d imeslawen n iwunak i yesseklen [[Asemyendef n Helsinki]], deg wani i yenna ɣef uqahar amezgi n imaymen deg URSS&lt;ref name=&quot;nashaamerica&quot;/&gt;.

Deg 1977, d Nikolai Gorety, sekyden imenza yettwaṭṭfen [[Ginzburg, Alexander Ilyich|Alexander Ginzburg]], [[Orlov, Yuri Fyodorovich|Yuri Orlov]] d [[Sharansky, Natan|Anatoly Sharansky]], s umeslay ɣer isiyasiyen n maḍal s yisem n yipentekostiyen&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;. Deg useggas-nni, d isiyasiyen nniḍen seg yixxamen nniḍen, yektek deg laẓ azerfan, i wesnerni n unekcum n uffaɣ i isiyasiyen yettwaqahren seg URSS&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://archive.ukrweekly.com/print-media/1977/The_Ukrainian_Weekly_1977-38.pdf|title=Dissidents fast across USSR|newspaper=The Ukrainian Weekly|date=1977-10-09|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926074510/https://archive.ukrweekly.com/print-media/1977/The_Ukrainian_Weekly_1977-38.pdf|archive-date=2023-09-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Deg 20 Dujember 1978, Perčatkin yewweḍ ad yazen s tnazzut n tlayt n Nakhodka atelgram n asirem n Useggas Amaynut ɣer [[Aselway n Tddukla n Iwunak|Uselway n Tddukla n Iwunak]] [[Carter, Jimmy|Jimmy Carter]] s usutur n tmuɣli ɣer wid ur nesɛi tilelli n udiyan&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;nashaamerica&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://www.rusbaptist.stunda.org/aven-ezer-primorje.pdf|title=АВЕН-ЕЗЕР. Евангельское движение в Приморье 1898-1990 годы|author=Андрей Дементьев|publisher=Русский остров|year=2011|pages=213|isbn=978-5-93577-054-2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925212100/http://www.rusbaptist.stunda.org/aven-ezer-primorje.pdf|archive-date=2023-09-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Seg 1979 yexdem axeddim n usuddes i usebded deg URSS n Masar n imaymen yebğan ad inigen, s usirem n tmahelt n umnar-is. Deg 1980 yettwaferen d amskala n Usqamu n Tmesgidiwin n yipentekostiyen isovyetiyen yebğan ad inigen&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;.

Deg taggara n 1979, Perčatkin yura tasghunt &quot;Ɣer Ukongres d unabaḍ n Tddukla n Iwunak, ɣer yunabaḍen n Kanada, Ustralya, Anter, Lalman n Wesar, Frans d Ṭṭalyan&quot;, deg wani i yenna ɣef tidet tasovyetit, isekkilen n ahil n PCUS ɣef tewriwin n udiyan deg URSS, d usegser n usaḍuf asovveti ɣef cultes adiyaniyen&lt;ref name=&quot;nashaamerica&quot;/&gt;.

=== Aqahar n unabaḍ d usesker ===
D netta i d amtekki amseddas akk n useqamu n imaymen i yesneklen asutur n inig. Tanbaḍt tasovyetit tessebded taswuri n usexreb ɣef Perčatkin d twacult-is s usuffeɣ deg uaɣmis amezwaru n tmdint n imagraden am &quot;Aruḥani s waṭas d usfaylu&quot;, &quot;Aseflen s usiden&quot;, &quot;Uqbel ad yaweḍ ad yeɛeḍ&quot; d wiyaḍ&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;.

Deg 21 Ɣuct 1980, Perčatkin yettwaṭṭef deg Nakhodka, deg taggara n Meɣres 1981&lt;ref name=&quot;dtic&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA145453.pdf|title=Chronology of Soviet Dissidence: January 1970 through December 1982|publisher=Defense Technical Information Center|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220919/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA145453.pdf|archive-date=2023-10-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; yettwaḥkem fell-as s usaḍuf 190.1 n Usatur n Tgemmi n RSFSR ɣef usuffeɣ n &quot;isallen ikerkaḍen yettwassnen i yessengaren anagraw anabaḍ d ametti asovveti&quot; s 2 iseggasen n tukksa n tilelli&lt;ref name=&quot;dtic&quot;/&gt;. Seg usalgaw n taywalt n radio &quot;Voice of America&quot;, deg unadi d tesqamut taɣedmawt sseqdacen ikimiyen (neuroleptiques) ɣef Perčatkin, ayen i t-yejjan ad yesruḥ afrak-is&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;.

Deg Ɣuct 1982, Perčatkin yeffeɣ-d seg usesker yerna ikemmel amennuɣ-is i uzerfan n inig seg URSS. Deg Furar 1983 yettwaṭṭef daɣen, yerna deffir-a yettwaḥkem fell-as s usaḍuf 218, aḥric 2 n Usatur n Tgemmi n RSFSR s 1.5 iseggasen ɣef tbibbi tamezwarut n imrigen imellalen&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;.

=== Axeddim adiplomati d inig ɣer Tddukla n Iwunak ===
Deg 1987, Perčatkin yessebded assaɣ i Ukongres n Tddukla n Iwunak &quot;Ɣef waddad n udiyan deg URSS&quot;. Assaɣ-agi yettwaɣra deg Ukongres n Tddukla n Iwunak, yerna Perčatkin yettwadna ɣer timlilit d Umara n Uwanek n Tddukla n Iwunak [[Shultz, George|George Shultz]]&lt;ref name=&quot;romanovich&quot;/&gt; i umeslay ɣef inig adiyani, akken daɣen d Uselway n [[Aseqamu Afella n Tddukla n Iwunak]] [[Rehnquist, William|William Rehnquist]]&lt;ref name=&quot;romanovich&quot;/&gt; d Umara adduklan n Uwanek n Tddukla n Iwunak i Temsisal Tadiyaniyin. Deg Mayyu 1988, s sebba n tirzi tunṣibt n Uselway n Tddukla n Iwunak [[Reagan, Ronald|Ronald Reagan]] ɣer URSS i timlilit d [[Gorbachev, Mikhail|Gorbachev]], Perčatkin yettwadna ɣer timlilit d tmeṭṭut n Reagan — [[Reagan, Nancy|Nancy Reagan]] — deg ukaba n 40 n yimdanen i udiwenni ɣef teywalt n tilelli tadiyanit deg URSS. Deg 30 Mayyu 1988, Perčatkin yegges isiyasiyen isovyetiyen deg timlilit-nni. Deg azal n snat n tsaɛtin yenna-yas i Nancy Reagan ɣef waddad n tilelli tadiyanit deg URSS, deffir-a Nancy Reagan tedna-d Perčatkin ad yeɣer assaɣ-is deg Ukongres n Tddukla n Iwunak&lt;ref name=&quot;gura&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Гура|first=В.О.|title=Історія та есхатологічні мотиви релігійної еміграції пізніх протестантів із СРСР 1987–2017 рр.|journal=Гілея: науковий вісник|location=[[Kyiv]]|year=2018|issue=135|pages=171–175|language=uk|issn=2076-1554|url=http://www.irbis-nbuv.gov.ua/cgi-bin/irbis_nbuv/cgiirbis_64.exe?C21COM=2&amp;I21DBN=UJRN&amp;P21DBN=UJRN&amp;IMAGE_FILE_DOWNLOAD=1&amp;Image_file_name=PDF/gileya_2018_135_47.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Deg 26 Yulyuz 1988, Perčatkin inig ɣer Tddukla n Iwunak&lt;ref name=&quot;gura&quot;/&gt; d twacult-is akken ma tella&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;. Deg 4 Ɣuct 1988 yenna-d deg [[Akongres n Tddukla n Iwunak]] assaɣ ɣef unzaɣ n imaymen deg URSS&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;gura&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://russiainphoto.ru/photos/195013/|title=Фото|language=ru|website=russiainphoto.ru|access-date=2023-09-26|archive-date=2023-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926063526/https://russiainphoto.ru/photos/195013/}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ayen i yefren deffir-a d imniyen, isenaturen d idiplomatiyen&lt;ref name=&quot;gura&quot;/&gt;. Agmuḍ n udiwenni-agi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://issuu.com/afisha/docs/diaspora_08-11-13/9|title=25-летие начала исхода|newspaper=Диаспора. Славянская общественная газета|author=Виталий Футорный|date=2013-08-11|language=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508015913/https://issuu.com/afisha/docs/diaspora_08-11-13/9|archive-date=2024-05-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; d asebded deg 1989 n &quot;Abeddel n Lautenberg&quot;, i yettwassen s yisem n usenatur ademokrati seg uwanek n [[New Jersey]], [[Lautenberg, Frank|Frank Lautenberg]]. Deg mraw iseggasen imezwura n useqdec n ubeddel-agi, azal n 350,000 n yinigen idiyaniyen kecmen ɣer Tddukla n Iwunak&lt;ref name=&quot;gura&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;semenova&quot;/&gt;, yerna deg tsemlilt armi d 2010 — azal n 1 n umillun&lt;ref name=&quot;romanovich&quot;/&gt;. Affaɣ ameqqran n yipentekostiyen seg Nakhodka yebda deg 1988, deg wani i ffɣen 152 n yimdanen imeqqranen, ur nsiḍen ara igerruden imectuḥen. Deg 1989 inigen seg Nakhodka 45 n yipentekostiyen imeqqranen&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;.

=== Umussu n yizerfan n umdan deg Tddukla n Iwunak ===
Deg Tddukla n Iwunak, Perčatkin yessebded asmel-is n nnet, deg wani i d-yenna isallen n ṭṭef-is d usesker-is deg umennuɣ-is i inig&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://bperchatkin.wordpress.com/|title=Персональный сайт Бориса Перчаткина|access-date=2023-09-25|archive-date=2023-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926084710/https://bperchatkin.wordpress.com/}}&lt;/ref&gt; yerna yusseddes tasuddut tasasiyest n yizerfan n umdan ARRC&lt;ref name=&quot;romanovich&quot;/&gt; (American-Russian Relief Committee)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_YhIiVBx_5kC&amp;pg=PA21|title=Unregistered Religious Groups in Russia: Hearing Before the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|year=2007|language=en|isbn=978-0-16-077910-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Yessuffeɣ-d daɣen adlis-is n tameddurt &quot;Ibridan n tmes&quot; (''Огненные тропы''), i yettwasuffɣen s waṭas n tikwal&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;.

Deg anebdu n 2025, Boris Perčatkin, d yimeddukal-is deg [[Aḥric n Uwanek n Tddukla n Iwunak]] d [[Tasqamut n Tddukla n Iwunak i Tilelli Tadiyanit Tagraɣlant]], nnan-d ɣef tidet i deg isiyasiyen imalayanen deg Ukrayin d Rrus ttwaqahren, ttwaaglen i tanfa taɣarimt tamessalt, ttwaḥerren ɣer taserdasiyt s tezmert, ṭṭfen-ten, katen-ten yerna sshagden-ten ɣef tugin n utekki deg yimenɣiyen, yerna ttwaḥqren d wussis aɣedmaw. Deg wayagi, Boris Perčatkin yennuɣ i usebded n uktum n inig yebḍan i isiyasiyen imalayanen iukrayiniyen i d-yewwḍen ɣer Tddukla n Iwunak s ahil n [[Uniting for Ukraine|U4U]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.slavicsac.com/2025/07/14/ukraine-russian-christians/|title=В США обсуждают защиту христиан из Украины и России|website=Slavic Sacramento|date=2025-07-15|access-date=2025-11-27|archive-date=2025-08-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815145842/https://www.slavicsac.com/2025/07/14/ukraine-russian-christians/}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Isektiyen ==
Amusnaw n tfizikt d unebbi n Arraz n Nobel [[Sakharov, Andrei|Andrei Sakharov]] yebder-d Boris Perčatkin gar yisebseqliyen iseyasiyen isovyetiyen deg umagrad-is n 1981 &quot;Tamassit n imusnawen&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sakharov.space/lib/otvetstvennost-uchenyh|title=Сахаров. Ответственность учёных|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002222415/https://www.sakharov.space/lib/otvetstvennost-uchenyh|archive-date=2023-10-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Temselɣin ==
{{reflist}}

== Izdayen n berra ==
* [https://bperchatkin.wordpress.com/ Asmel unṣib n Boris Perčatkin]
* {{Cite journal|author=Michael Rowe|title=The Soviet pentecostal emigration movement|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/09637498308431098|journal=Religion in Communist Lands|date=2 January 2008|volume=11|issue=3|pages=337–339|language=en|doi=10.1080/09637498308431098}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Catherine Wanner|title=Religion and Refugee Resettlement: Evolving Connections to Ukraine since World War II|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/css/44/1-2/article-p44_4.xml|journal=Canadian-American Slavic Studies|publisher=Brill Schöningh|date=January 2010|volume=44|issue=1–2|pages=44–66|language=en|issn=2210-2396|doi=10.1163/221023910X512796}}
* {{Cite news|author=Special To the New York Times|title=Soviet Pentecostals Meet Illegally and Form Council|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/09/05/archives/soviet-pentecostals-meet-illegally-and-form-council-20-delegates.html|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=2025-12-18|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310060316/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/09/05/archives/soviet-pentecostals-meet-illegally-and-form-council-20-delegates.html|archive-date=2018-03-10}}

[[Taggayt:Tameddurt]]</text>
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      <text bytes="15355" sha1="55zlaq96hfyvkvc8365eyk7y8tkqyrh" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name               = Boris Georgiyevič Perčatkin
| native_name        = Борис Георгиевич Перчаткин
| image              = 
| caption            = 
| birth_date         = [[1 Yulyuz]] [[1946]]
| birth_place        = [[Mirgorod]], RSS n Ukrayin, Tamunt Tasovyetit
| death_date         = 
| death_place        = 
| nationality        = Tasovyetit, Tamrikit
| occupation         = Amnas n yizerfan n umdan, amselway adiyani
| religion           = Tasiyest ([[Tapentekostit]])
| spouse             = 
| children           = 6
| website            = {{URL|https://bperchatkin.wordpress.com/}}
}}

'''Boris Georgiyevič Perčatkin''' (s trusit: ''Бори́с Гео́ргиевич Перча́ткин''; ilul deg [[1 Yulyuz]] [[1946]]&lt;ref name=&quot;nashaamerica&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nashaamerica.com/blogi/chtivo/item-894/|title=Он спас 1 млн человек. Сегодня они не могут собрать ему на операцию. Как же так?|website=www.nashaamerica.com|access-date=2023-09-26|language=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926133215/http://www.nashaamerica.com/blogi/chtivo/item-894/|archive-date=2023-09-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;) d amtekki ameqqran akk deg umussu n inig adiyani deg tmdint n [[Nakhodka]] deg taggara n iseggasen 1970 d tfaska n iseggasen 1980&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Островская|first=О.П.|chapter=Судьбы участников эмиграционного движения пятидесятников на дальнем востоке в 1970-1980-х гг.|title=Владивосток – точка возвращения: прошлое и настоящее русской эмиграции. Материалы Второй международной научной конференции|url=http://dot.kostacademy.kz/bible/files/769476832.pdf#page=65|publisher=Дальневосточный юридический институт Министерства внутренних дел Российской Федерации|location=[[Khabarovsk]]|date=23 June 2017|pages=65–71|language=ru|isbn=978-5-9753-0229-8|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926080912/http://dot.kostacademy.kz/bible/files/769476832.pdf#page=65|archive-date=2023-09-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;, d amnas n yizerfan n umdan i yennuɣen deg Tddukla n Iwunak i usebded n &quot;Abeddel n Lautenberg&quot; deg 1989, ayen i yejjan azal n 1 n umillun n yimdanen seg tmura n Tamunt Tasovyetit taqdimt ad inigen ɣer Tddukla n Iwunak&lt;ref name=&quot;romanovich&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://spasenie.by/publ/pravozashhitnik_boris_perchatkin_smertelno_bolen/4-1-0-82|title=Правозащитник, Борис Перчаткин, смертельно болен|website=spasenie.by|author=Михаил Романович|access-date=2023-09-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tameddurt ==
=== Iseggasen imezwura d tmesgida ===
Boris Perčatkin ilul deg twacult n umnay n weslal asekred i yemmuten deg usehwu n ubrid cwiṭ kan deffir tlallit n Boris. Yemma-s n Boris, deffir lmut n wergaz-is amezwaru, tewceḍ d aserdasi nniḍen, i yeṭṭfen deg 1953 ɣef sebba n tugin n usekkud n unagbar deg ccwal, yerna yettwaḥkem fell-as s 25 iseggasen n usuffeɣ ɣer yisebseqliyen n [[Vorkuta]]. Deg uwtay n 16 iseggasen, Boris yufa tamesgida tapentekostit deg tmdint n Nakhodka yerna yekcem ɣer-s. Deffir-a, yelqeḍ isallen ɣef uqahar n imaymen yerna yebḍa-tent s tseddist d ineɣmasen iberraniyen&lt;ref name=&quot;semenova&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://usa.one/2020/01/boris-perchatkin-o-veruyushhix-v-sssr-immigracii-v-ssha-i-aktivizme/|title=Борис Перчаткин — о том, как помогал верующим из СССР попасть в США|website=usa.one|author=Виктория Семёнова|date=2020-01-03|access-date=2023-09-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Ahraw ɣer umussu n inig d unmis d imenza (1976–1980) ===
Deg 1976, Perčatkin, d yimeddukal-is Vasili Patrušev, V. A. Burlatsjenko d Vladimir Stepanov, gan anmis d imenza deg [[Mosku]] yerna aggran iwetlin i &quot;uselway n urray n inig ɣer tabatut tusligt&quot;. Deg useggas-nni, L. V. Voronina, tamgariyt n [[Agraw n Mosku n Helsinki]], tewweḍ-d ɣer Nakhodka. Seg useggas-nni, Perčatkin yesseghras s tseddist asuffeɣ n waṭas n yipentekostiyen seg [[Tamunt Tasovyetit|URSS]]&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;. Deg useggas-nni, Perčatkin yewzen isuturen ɣer [[Tiddukla n Yeɣlanen|ONU]], ɣer [[Agraw Amadalan n Tmesgidiwin]] d imeslawen n iwunak i yesseklen [[Asemyendef n Helsinki]], deg wani i yenna ɣef uqahar amezgi n imaymen deg URSS&lt;ref name=&quot;nashaamerica&quot;/&gt;.

Deg 1977, d Nikolai Gorety, sekyden imenza yettwaṭṭfen [[Alexander Ginzburg]], [[Yuri Orlov]] d [[Anatoly Sharansky]], s umeslay ɣer isiyasiyen n maḍal s yisem n yipentekostiyen&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;. Deg useggas-nni, d isiyasiyen nniḍen seg yixxamen nniḍen, yektek deg laẓ azerfan, i wesnerni n unekcum n uffaɣ i isiyasiyen yettwaqahren seg URSS&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://archive.ukrweekly.com/print-media/1977/The_Ukrainian_Weekly_1977-38.pdf|title=Dissidents fast across USSR|newspaper=The Ukrainian Weekly|date=1977-10-09|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926074510/https://archive.ukrweekly.com/print-media/1977/The_Ukrainian_Weekly_1977-38.pdf|archive-date=2023-09-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Deg 20 Dujember 1978, Perčatkin yewweḍ ad yazen s tnazzut n tlayt n Nakhodka atelgram n asirem n Useggas Amaynut ɣer [[Aselway n Tddukla n Iwunak|Uselway n Tddukla n Iwunak]] [[Carter, Jimmy|Jimmy Carter]] s usutur n tmuɣli ɣer wid ur nesɛi tilelli n udiyan&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;nashaamerica&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://www.rusbaptist.stunda.org/aven-ezer-primorje.pdf|title=АВЕН-ЕЗЕР. Евангельское движение в Приморье 1898-1990 годы|author=Андрей Дементьев|publisher=Русский остров|year=2011|pages=213|isbn=978-5-93577-054-2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925212100/http://www.rusbaptist.stunda.org/aven-ezer-primorje.pdf|archive-date=2023-09-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Seg 1979 yexdem axeddim n usuddes i usebded deg URSS n Masar n imaymen yebğan ad inigen, s usirem n tmahelt n umnar-is. Deg 1980 yettwaferen d amskala n Usqamu n Tmesgidiwin n yipentekostiyen isovyetiyen yebğan ad inigen&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;.

Deg taggara n 1979, Perčatkin yura tasghunt &quot;Ɣer Ukongres d unabaḍ n Tddukla n Iwunak, ɣer yunabaḍen n Kanada, Ustralya, Anter, Lalman n Wesar, Frans d Ṭṭalyan&quot;, deg wani i yenna ɣef tidet tasovyetit, isekkilen n ahil n PCUS ɣef tewriwin n udiyan deg URSS, d usegser n usaḍuf asovveti ɣef cultes adiyaniyen&lt;ref name=&quot;nashaamerica&quot;/&gt;.

=== Aqahar n unabaḍ d usesker ===
D netta i d amtekki amseddas akk n useqamu n imaymen i yesneklen asutur n inig. Tanbaḍt tasovyetit tessebded taswuri n usexreb ɣef Perčatkin d twacult-is s usuffeɣ deg uaɣmis amezwaru n tmdint n imagraden am &quot;Aruḥani s waṭas d usfaylu&quot;, &quot;Aseflen s usiden&quot;, &quot;Uqbel ad yaweḍ ad yeɛeḍ&quot; d wiyaḍ&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;.

Deg 21 Ɣuct 1980, Perčatkin yettwaṭṭef deg Nakhodka, deg taggara n Meɣres 1981&lt;ref name=&quot;dtic&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA145453.pdf|title=Chronology of Soviet Dissidence: January 1970 through December 1982|publisher=Defense Technical Information Center|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220919/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA145453.pdf|archive-date=2023-10-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; yettwaḥkem fell-as s usaḍuf 190.1 n Usatur n Tgemmi n RSFSR ɣef usuffeɣ n &quot;isallen ikerkaḍen yettwassnen i yessengaren anagraw anabaḍ d ametti asovveti&quot; s 2 iseggasen n tukksa n tilelli&lt;ref name=&quot;dtic&quot;/&gt;. Seg usalgaw n taywalt n radio &quot;Voice of America&quot;, deg unadi d tesqamut taɣedmawt sseqdacen ikimiyen (neuroleptiques) ɣef Perčatkin, ayen i t-yejjan ad yesruḥ afrak-is&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;.

Deg Ɣuct 1982, Perčatkin yeffeɣ-d seg usesker yerna ikemmel amennuɣ-is i uzerfan n inig seg URSS. Deg Furar 1983 yettwaṭṭef daɣen, yerna deffir-a yettwaḥkem fell-as s usaḍuf 218, aḥric 2 n Usatur n Tgemmi n RSFSR s 1.5 iseggasen ɣef tbibbi tamezwarut n imrigen imellalen&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;.

=== Axeddim adiplomati d inig ɣer Tddukla n Iwunak ===
Deg 1987, Perčatkin yessebded assaɣ i Ukongres n Tddukla n Iwunak &quot;Ɣef waddad n udiyan deg URSS&quot;. Assaɣ-agi yettwaɣra deg Ukongres n Tddukla n Iwunak, yerna Perčatkin yettwadna ɣer timlilit d Umara n Uwanek n Tddukla n Iwunak [[George Shultz]]&lt;ref name=&quot;romanovich&quot;/&gt; i umeslay ɣef inig adiyani, akken daɣen d Uselway n [[Aseqamu Afella n Tddukla n Iwunak]] [[William Rehnquist]]&lt;ref name=&quot;romanovich&quot;/&gt; d Umara adduklan n Uwanek n Tddukla n Iwunak i Temsisal Tadiyaniyin. Deg Mayyu 1988, s sebba n tirzi tunṣibt n Uselway n Tddukla n Iwunak [[Ronald Reagan]] ɣer URSS i timlilit d [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], Perčatkin yettwadna ɣer timlilit d tmeṭṭut n Reagan — [[Nancy Reagan]] — deg ukaba n 40 n yimdanen i udiwenni ɣef teywalt n tilelli tadiyanit deg URSS. Deg 30 Mayyu 1988, Perčatkin yegges isiyasiyen isovyetiyen deg timlilit-nni. Deg azal n snat n tsaɛtin yenna-yas i Nancy Reagan ɣef waddad n tilelli tadiyanit deg URSS, deffir-a Nancy Reagan tedna-d Perčatkin ad yeɣer assaɣ-is deg Ukongres n Tddukla n Iwunak&lt;ref name=&quot;gura&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Гура|first=В.О.|title=Історія та есхатологічні мотиви релігійної еміграції пізніх протестантів із СРСР 1987–2017 рр.|journal=Гілея: науковий вісник|location=[[Kyiv]]|year=2018|issue=135|pages=171–175|language=uk|issn=2076-1554|url=http://www.irbis-nbuv.gov.ua/cgi-bin/irbis_nbuv/cgiirbis_64.exe?C21COM=2&amp;I21DBN=UJRN&amp;P21DBN=UJRN&amp;IMAGE_FILE_DOWNLOAD=1&amp;Image_file_name=PDF/gileya_2018_135_47.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Deg 26 Yulyuz 1988, Perčatkin inig ɣer Tddukla n Iwunak&lt;ref name=&quot;gura&quot;/&gt; d twacult-is akken ma tella&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;. Deg 4 Ɣuct 1988 yenna-d deg [[Akongres n Tddukla n Iwunak]] assaɣ ɣef unzaɣ n imaymen deg URSS&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;gura&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://russiainphoto.ru/photos/195013/|title=Фото|language=ru|website=russiainphoto.ru|access-date=2023-09-26|archive-date=2023-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926063526/https://russiainphoto.ru/photos/195013/}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ayen i yefren deffir-a d imniyen, isenaturen d idiplomatiyen&lt;ref name=&quot;gura&quot;/&gt;. Agmuḍ n udiwenni-agi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://issuu.com/afisha/docs/diaspora_08-11-13/9|title=25-летие начала исхода|newspaper=Диаспора. Славянская общественная газета|author=Виталий Футорный|date=2013-08-11|language=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508015913/https://issuu.com/afisha/docs/diaspora_08-11-13/9|archive-date=2024-05-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; d asebded deg 1989 n &quot;Abeddel n Lautenberg&quot;, i yettwassen s yisem n usenatur ademokrati seg uwanek n [[New Jersey]], [[Frank Lautenberg]]. Deg mraw iseggasen imezwura n useqdec n ubeddel-agi, azal n 350,000 n yinigen idiyaniyen kecmen ɣer Tddukla n Iwunak&lt;ref name=&quot;gura&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;semenova&quot;/&gt;, yerna deg tsemlilt armi d 2010 — azal n 1 n umillun&lt;ref name=&quot;romanovich&quot;/&gt;. Affaɣ ameqqran n yipentekostiyen seg Nakhodka yebda deg 1988, deg wani i ffɣen 152 n yimdanen imeqqranen, ur nsiḍen ara igerruden imectuḥen. Deg 1989 inigen seg Nakhodka 45 n yipentekostiyen imeqqranen&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;.

=== Umussu n yizerfan n umdan deg Tddukla n Iwunak ===
Deg Tddukla n Iwunak, Perčatkin yessebded asmel-is n nnet, deg wani i d-yenna isallen n ṭṭef-is d usesker-is deg umennuɣ-is i inig&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://bperchatkin.wordpress.com/|title=Персональный сайт Бориса Перчаткина|access-date=2023-09-25|archive-date=2023-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926084710/https://bperchatkin.wordpress.com/}}&lt;/ref&gt; yerna yusseddes tasuddut tasasiyest n yizerfan n umdan ARRC&lt;ref name=&quot;romanovich&quot;/&gt; (American-Russian Relief Committee)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_YhIiVBx_5kC&amp;pg=PA21|title=Unregistered Religious Groups in Russia: Hearing Before the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|year=2007|language=en|isbn=978-0-16-077910-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Yessuffeɣ-d daɣen adlis-is n tameddurt &quot;Ibridan n tmes&quot; (''Огненные тропы''), i yettwasuffɣen s waṭas n tikwal&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;.

Deg anebdu n 2025, Boris Perčatkin, d yimeddukal-is deg [[Aḥric n Uwanek n Tddukla n Iwunak]] d [[Tasqamut n Tddukla n Iwunak i Tilelli Tadiyanit Tagraɣlant]], nnan-d ɣef tidet i deg isiyasiyen imalayanen deg Ukrayin d Rrus ttwaqahren, ttwaaglen i tanfa taɣarimt tamessalt, ttwaḥerren ɣer taserdasiyt s tezmert, ṭṭfen-ten, katen-ten yerna sshagden-ten ɣef tugin n utekki deg yimenɣiyen, yerna ttwaḥqren d wussis aɣedmaw. Deg wayagi, Boris Perčatkin yennuɣ i usebded n uktum n inig yebḍan i isiyasiyen imalayanen iukrayiniyen i d-yewwḍen ɣer Tddukla n Iwunak s ahil n [[Uniting for Ukraine|U4U]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.slavicsac.com/2025/07/14/ukraine-russian-christians/|title=В США обсуждают защиту христиан из Украины и России|website=Slavic Sacramento|date=2025-07-15|access-date=2025-11-27|archive-date=2025-08-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815145842/https://www.slavicsac.com/2025/07/14/ukraine-russian-christians/}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Isektiyen ==
Amusnaw n tfizikt d unebbi n Arraz n Nobel [[Andrei Sakharov]] yebder-d Boris Perčatkin gar yisebseqliyen iseyasiyen isovyetiyen deg umagrad-is n 1981 &quot;Tamassit n imusnawen&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sakharov.space/lib/otvetstvennost-uchenyh|title=Сахаров. Ответственность учёных|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002222415/https://www.sakharov.space/lib/otvetstvennost-uchenyh|archive-date=2023-10-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Temselɣin ==
{{reflist}}

== Izdayen n berra ==
* [https://bperchatkin.wordpress.com/ Asmel unṣib n Boris Perčatkin]
* {{Cite journal|author=Michael Rowe|title=The Soviet pentecostal emigration movement|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/09637498308431098|journal=Religion in Communist Lands|date=2 January 2008|volume=11|issue=3|pages=337–339|language=en|doi=10.1080/09637498308431098}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Catherine Wanner|title=Religion and Refugee Resettlement: Evolving Connections to Ukraine since World War II|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/css/44/1-2/article-p44_4.xml|journal=Canadian-American Slavic Studies|publisher=Brill Schöningh|date=January 2010|volume=44|issue=1–2|pages=44–66|language=en|issn=2210-2396|doi=10.1163/221023910X512796}}
* {{Cite news|author=Special To the New York Times|title=Soviet Pentecostals Meet Illegally and Form Council|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/09/05/archives/soviet-pentecostals-meet-illegally-and-form-council-20-delegates.html|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=2025-12-18|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310060316/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/09/05/archives/soviet-pentecostals-meet-illegally-and-form-council-20-delegates.html|archive-date=2018-03-10}}

[[Taggayt:Tameddurt]]</text>
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      <comment>/* Ahraw ɣer umussu n inig d unmis d imenza (1976–1980) */</comment>
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      <text bytes="15341" sha1="57divnqwp4ggf5wzcx45npm2ds1gtgm" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name               = Boris Georgiyevič Perčatkin
| native_name        = Борис Георгиевич Перчаткин
| image              = 
| caption            = 
| birth_date         = [[1 Yulyuz]] [[1946]]
| birth_place        = [[Mirgorod]], RSS n Ukrayin, Tamunt Tasovyetit
| death_date         = 
| death_place        = 
| nationality        = Tasovyetit, Tamrikit
| occupation         = Amnas n yizerfan n umdan, amselway adiyani
| religion           = Tasiyest ([[Tapentekostit]])
| spouse             = 
| children           = 6
| website            = {{URL|https://bperchatkin.wordpress.com/}}
}}

'''Boris Georgiyevič Perčatkin''' (s trusit: ''Бори́с Гео́ргиевич Перча́ткин''; ilul deg [[1 Yulyuz]] [[1946]]&lt;ref name=&quot;nashaamerica&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nashaamerica.com/blogi/chtivo/item-894/|title=Он спас 1 млн человек. Сегодня они не могут собрать ему на операцию. Как же так?|website=www.nashaamerica.com|access-date=2023-09-26|language=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926133215/http://www.nashaamerica.com/blogi/chtivo/item-894/|archive-date=2023-09-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;) d amtekki ameqqran akk deg umussu n inig adiyani deg tmdint n [[Nakhodka]] deg taggara n iseggasen 1970 d tfaska n iseggasen 1980&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Островская|first=О.П.|chapter=Судьбы участников эмиграционного движения пятидесятников на дальнем востоке в 1970-1980-х гг.|title=Владивосток – точка возвращения: прошлое и настоящее русской эмиграции. Материалы Второй международной научной конференции|url=http://dot.kostacademy.kz/bible/files/769476832.pdf#page=65|publisher=Дальневосточный юридический институт Министерства внутренних дел Российской Федерации|location=[[Khabarovsk]]|date=23 June 2017|pages=65–71|language=ru|isbn=978-5-9753-0229-8|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926080912/http://dot.kostacademy.kz/bible/files/769476832.pdf#page=65|archive-date=2023-09-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;, d amnas n yizerfan n umdan i yennuɣen deg Tddukla n Iwunak i usebded n &quot;Abeddel n Lautenberg&quot; deg 1989, ayen i yejjan azal n 1 n umillun n yimdanen seg tmura n Tamunt Tasovyetit taqdimt ad inigen ɣer Tddukla n Iwunak&lt;ref name=&quot;romanovich&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://spasenie.by/publ/pravozashhitnik_boris_perchatkin_smertelno_bolen/4-1-0-82|title=Правозащитник, Борис Перчаткин, смертельно болен|website=spasenie.by|author=Михаил Романович|access-date=2023-09-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Tameddurt ==
=== Iseggasen imezwura d tmesgida ===
Boris Perčatkin ilul deg twacult n umnay n weslal asekred i yemmuten deg usehwu n ubrid cwiṭ kan deffir tlallit n Boris. Yemma-s n Boris, deffir lmut n wergaz-is amezwaru, tewceḍ d aserdasi nniḍen, i yeṭṭfen deg 1953 ɣef sebba n tugin n usekkud n unagbar deg ccwal, yerna yettwaḥkem fell-as s 25 iseggasen n usuffeɣ ɣer yisebseqliyen n [[Vorkuta]]. Deg uwtay n 16 iseggasen, Boris yufa tamesgida tapentekostit deg tmdint n Nakhodka yerna yekcem ɣer-s. Deffir-a, yelqeḍ isallen ɣef uqahar n imaymen yerna yebḍa-tent s tseddist d ineɣmasen iberraniyen&lt;ref name=&quot;semenova&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://usa.one/2020/01/boris-perchatkin-o-veruyushhix-v-sssr-immigracii-v-ssha-i-aktivizme/|title=Борис Перчаткин — о том, как помогал верующим из СССР попасть в США|website=usa.one|author=Виктория Семёнова|date=2020-01-03|access-date=2023-09-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Ahraw ɣer umussu n inig d unmis d imenza (1976–1980) ===
Deg 1976, Perčatkin, d yimeddukal-is Vasili Patrušev, V. A. Burlatsjenko d Vladimir Stepanov, gan anmis d imenza deg [[Mosku]] yerna aggran iwetlin i &quot;uselway n urray n inig ɣer tabatut tusligt&quot;. Deg useggas-nni, L. V. Voronina, tamgariyt n [[Agraw n Mosku n Helsinki]], tewweḍ-d ɣer Nakhodka. Seg useggas-nni, Perčatkin yesseghras s tseddist asuffeɣ n waṭas n yipentekostiyen seg [[Tamunt Tasovyetit|URSS]]&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;. Deg useggas-nni, Perčatkin yewzen isuturen ɣer [[Tiddukla n Yeɣlanen|ONU]], ɣer [[Agraw Amadalan n Tmesgidiwin]] d imeslawen n iwunak i yesseklen [[Asemyendef n Helsinki]], deg wani i yenna ɣef uqahar amezgi n imaymen deg URSS&lt;ref name=&quot;nashaamerica&quot;/&gt;.

Deg 1977, d Nikolai Gorety, sekyden imenza yettwaṭṭfen [[Alexander Ginzburg]], [[Yuri Orlov]] d [[Anatoly Sharansky]], s umeslay ɣer isiyasiyen n maḍal s yisem n yipentekostiyen&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;. Deg useggas-nni, d isiyasiyen nniḍen seg yixxamen nniḍen, yektek deg laẓ azerfan, i wesnerni n unekcum n uffaɣ i isiyasiyen yettwaqahren seg URSS&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://archive.ukrweekly.com/print-media/1977/The_Ukrainian_Weekly_1977-38.pdf|title=Dissidents fast across USSR|newspaper=The Ukrainian Weekly|date=1977-10-09|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926074510/https://archive.ukrweekly.com/print-media/1977/The_Ukrainian_Weekly_1977-38.pdf|archive-date=2023-09-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Deg 20 Dujember 1978, Perčatkin yewweḍ ad yazen s tnazzut n tlayt n Nakhodka atelgram n asirem n Useggas Amaynut ɣer [[Aselway n Tddukla n Iwunak|Uselway n Tddukla n Iwunak]] [[Jimmy Carter]] s usutur n tmuɣli ɣer wid ur nesɛi tilelli n udiyan&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;nashaamerica&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://www.rusbaptist.stunda.org/aven-ezer-primorje.pdf|title=АВЕН-ЕЗЕР. Евангельское движение в Приморье 1898-1990 годы|author=Андрей Дементьев|publisher=Русский остров|year=2011|pages=213|isbn=978-5-93577-054-2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925212100/http://www.rusbaptist.stunda.org/aven-ezer-primorje.pdf|archive-date=2023-09-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Seg 1979 yexdem axeddim n usuddes i usebded deg URSS n Masar n imaymen yebğan ad inigen, s usirem n tmahelt n umnar-is. Deg 1980 yettwaferen d amskala n Usqamu n Tmesgidiwin n yipentekostiyen isovyetiyen yebğan ad inigen&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;.

Deg taggara n 1979, Perčatkin yura tasghunt &quot;Ɣer Ukongres d unabaḍ n Tddukla n Iwunak, ɣer yunabaḍen n Kanada, Ustralya, Anter, Lalman n Wesar, Frans d Ṭṭalyan&quot;, deg wani i yenna ɣef tidet tasovyetit, isekkilen n ahil n PCUS ɣef tewriwin n udiyan deg URSS, d usegser n usaḍuf asovveti ɣef cultes adiyaniyen&lt;ref name=&quot;nashaamerica&quot;/&gt;.

=== Aqahar n unabaḍ d usesker ===
D netta i d amtekki amseddas akk n useqamu n imaymen i yesneklen asutur n inig. Tanbaḍt tasovyetit tessebded taswuri n usexreb ɣef Perčatkin d twacult-is s usuffeɣ deg uaɣmis amezwaru n tmdint n imagraden am &quot;Aruḥani s waṭas d usfaylu&quot;, &quot;Aseflen s usiden&quot;, &quot;Uqbel ad yaweḍ ad yeɛeḍ&quot; d wiyaḍ&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;.

Deg 21 Ɣuct 1980, Perčatkin yettwaṭṭef deg Nakhodka, deg taggara n Meɣres 1981&lt;ref name=&quot;dtic&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA145453.pdf|title=Chronology of Soviet Dissidence: January 1970 through December 1982|publisher=Defense Technical Information Center|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220919/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA145453.pdf|archive-date=2023-10-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; yettwaḥkem fell-as s usaḍuf 190.1 n Usatur n Tgemmi n RSFSR ɣef usuffeɣ n &quot;isallen ikerkaḍen yettwassnen i yessengaren anagraw anabaḍ d ametti asovveti&quot; s 2 iseggasen n tukksa n tilelli&lt;ref name=&quot;dtic&quot;/&gt;. Seg usalgaw n taywalt n radio &quot;Voice of America&quot;, deg unadi d tesqamut taɣedmawt sseqdacen ikimiyen (neuroleptiques) ɣef Perčatkin, ayen i t-yejjan ad yesruḥ afrak-is&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;.

Deg Ɣuct 1982, Perčatkin yeffeɣ-d seg usesker yerna ikemmel amennuɣ-is i uzerfan n inig seg URSS. Deg Furar 1983 yettwaṭṭef daɣen, yerna deffir-a yettwaḥkem fell-as s usaḍuf 218, aḥric 2 n Usatur n Tgemmi n RSFSR s 1.5 iseggasen ɣef tbibbi tamezwarut n imrigen imellalen&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;.

=== Axeddim adiplomati d inig ɣer Tddukla n Iwunak ===
Deg 1987, Perčatkin yessebded assaɣ i Ukongres n Tddukla n Iwunak &quot;Ɣef waddad n udiyan deg URSS&quot;. Assaɣ-agi yettwaɣra deg Ukongres n Tddukla n Iwunak, yerna Perčatkin yettwadna ɣer timlilit d Umara n Uwanek n Tddukla n Iwunak [[George Shultz]]&lt;ref name=&quot;romanovich&quot;/&gt; i umeslay ɣef inig adiyani, akken daɣen d Uselway n [[Aseqamu Afella n Tddukla n Iwunak]] [[William Rehnquist]]&lt;ref name=&quot;romanovich&quot;/&gt; d Umara adduklan n Uwanek n Tddukla n Iwunak i Temsisal Tadiyaniyin. Deg Mayyu 1988, s sebba n tirzi tunṣibt n Uselway n Tddukla n Iwunak [[Ronald Reagan]] ɣer URSS i timlilit d [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], Perčatkin yettwadna ɣer timlilit d tmeṭṭut n Reagan — [[Nancy Reagan]] — deg ukaba n 40 n yimdanen i udiwenni ɣef teywalt n tilelli tadiyanit deg URSS. Deg 30 Mayyu 1988, Perčatkin yegges isiyasiyen isovyetiyen deg timlilit-nni. Deg azal n snat n tsaɛtin yenna-yas i Nancy Reagan ɣef waddad n tilelli tadiyanit deg URSS, deffir-a Nancy Reagan tedna-d Perčatkin ad yeɣer assaɣ-is deg Ukongres n Tddukla n Iwunak&lt;ref name=&quot;gura&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Гура|first=В.О.|title=Історія та есхатологічні мотиви релігійної еміграції пізніх протестантів із СРСР 1987–2017 рр.|journal=Гілея: науковий вісник|location=[[Kyiv]]|year=2018|issue=135|pages=171–175|language=uk|issn=2076-1554|url=http://www.irbis-nbuv.gov.ua/cgi-bin/irbis_nbuv/cgiirbis_64.exe?C21COM=2&amp;I21DBN=UJRN&amp;P21DBN=UJRN&amp;IMAGE_FILE_DOWNLOAD=1&amp;Image_file_name=PDF/gileya_2018_135_47.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Deg 26 Yulyuz 1988, Perčatkin inig ɣer Tddukla n Iwunak&lt;ref name=&quot;gura&quot;/&gt; d twacult-is akken ma tella&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;. Deg 4 Ɣuct 1988 yenna-d deg [[Akongres n Tddukla n Iwunak]] assaɣ ɣef unzaɣ n imaymen deg URSS&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;gura&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://russiainphoto.ru/photos/195013/|title=Фото|language=ru|website=russiainphoto.ru|access-date=2023-09-26|archive-date=2023-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926063526/https://russiainphoto.ru/photos/195013/}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ayen i yefren deffir-a d imniyen, isenaturen d idiplomatiyen&lt;ref name=&quot;gura&quot;/&gt;. Agmuḍ n udiwenni-agi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://issuu.com/afisha/docs/diaspora_08-11-13/9|title=25-летие начала исхода|newspaper=Диаспора. Славянская общественная газета|author=Виталий Футорный|date=2013-08-11|language=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508015913/https://issuu.com/afisha/docs/diaspora_08-11-13/9|archive-date=2024-05-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; d asebded deg 1989 n &quot;Abeddel n Lautenberg&quot;, i yettwassen s yisem n usenatur ademokrati seg uwanek n [[New Jersey]], [[Frank Lautenberg]]. Deg mraw iseggasen imezwura n useqdec n ubeddel-agi, azal n 350,000 n yinigen idiyaniyen kecmen ɣer Tddukla n Iwunak&lt;ref name=&quot;gura&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;semenova&quot;/&gt;, yerna deg tsemlilt armi d 2010 — azal n 1 n umillun&lt;ref name=&quot;romanovich&quot;/&gt;. Affaɣ ameqqran n yipentekostiyen seg Nakhodka yebda deg 1988, deg wani i ffɣen 152 n yimdanen imeqqranen, ur nsiḍen ara igerruden imectuḥen. Deg 1989 inigen seg Nakhodka 45 n yipentekostiyen imeqqranen&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;.

=== Umussu n yizerfan n umdan deg Tddukla n Iwunak ===
Deg Tddukla n Iwunak, Perčatkin yessebded asmel-is n nnet, deg wani i d-yenna isallen n ṭṭef-is d usesker-is deg umennuɣ-is i inig&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://bperchatkin.wordpress.com/|title=Персональный сайт Бориса Перчаткина|access-date=2023-09-25|archive-date=2023-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926084710/https://bperchatkin.wordpress.com/}}&lt;/ref&gt; yerna yusseddes tasuddut tasasiyest n yizerfan n umdan ARRC&lt;ref name=&quot;romanovich&quot;/&gt; (American-Russian Relief Committee)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_YhIiVBx_5kC&amp;pg=PA21|title=Unregistered Religious Groups in Russia: Hearing Before the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|year=2007|language=en|isbn=978-0-16-077910-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Yessuffeɣ-d daɣen adlis-is n tameddurt &quot;Ibridan n tmes&quot; (''Огненные тропы''), i yettwasuffɣen s waṭas n tikwal&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;.

Deg anebdu n 2025, Boris Perčatkin, d yimeddukal-is deg [[Aḥric n Uwanek n Tddukla n Iwunak]] d [[Tasqamut n Tddukla n Iwunak i Tilelli Tadiyanit Tagraɣlant]], nnan-d ɣef tidet i deg isiyasiyen imalayanen deg Ukrayin d Rrus ttwaqahren, ttwaaglen i tanfa taɣarimt tamessalt, ttwaḥerren ɣer taserdasiyt s tezmert, ṭṭfen-ten, katen-ten yerna sshagden-ten ɣef tugin n utekki deg yimenɣiyen, yerna ttwaḥqren d wussis aɣedmaw. Deg wayagi, Boris Perčatkin yennuɣ i usebded n uktum n inig yebḍan i isiyasiyen imalayanen iukrayiniyen i d-yewwḍen ɣer Tddukla n Iwunak s ahil n [[Uniting for Ukraine|U4U]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.slavicsac.com/2025/07/14/ukraine-russian-christians/|title=В США обсуждают защиту христиан из Украины и России|website=Slavic Sacramento|date=2025-07-15|access-date=2025-11-27|archive-date=2025-08-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815145842/https://www.slavicsac.com/2025/07/14/ukraine-russian-christians/}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Isektiyen ==
Amusnaw n tfizikt d unebbi n Arraz n Nobel [[Andrei Sakharov]] yebder-d Boris Perčatkin gar yisebseqliyen iseyasiyen isovyetiyen deg umagrad-is n 1981 &quot;Tamassit n imusnawen&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sakharov.space/lib/otvetstvennost-uchenyh|title=Сахаров. Ответственность учёных|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002222415/https://www.sakharov.space/lib/otvetstvennost-uchenyh|archive-date=2023-10-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Temselɣin ==
{{reflist}}

== Izdayen n berra ==
* [https://bperchatkin.wordpress.com/ Asmel unṣib n Boris Perčatkin]
* {{Cite journal|author=Michael Rowe|title=The Soviet pentecostal emigration movement|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/09637498308431098|journal=Religion in Communist Lands|date=2 January 2008|volume=11|issue=3|pages=337–339|language=en|doi=10.1080/09637498308431098}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Catherine Wanner|title=Religion and Refugee Resettlement: Evolving Connections to Ukraine since World War II|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/css/44/1-2/article-p44_4.xml|journal=Canadian-American Slavic Studies|publisher=Brill Schöningh|date=January 2010|volume=44|issue=1–2|pages=44–66|language=en|issn=2210-2396|doi=10.1163/221023910X512796}}
* {{Cite news|author=Special To the New York Times|title=Soviet Pentecostals Meet Illegally and Form Council|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/09/05/archives/soviet-pentecostals-meet-illegally-and-form-council-20-delegates.html|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=2025-12-18|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310060316/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/09/05/archives/soviet-pentecostals-meet-illegally-and-form-council-20-delegates.html|archive-date=2018-03-10}}

[[Taggayt:Tameddurt]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Septimyus Severus</title>
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      <comment>Amagrad amaynut</comment>
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      <text bytes="694" sha1="m3izk5kxilu7gpscpy3oqb3n44ljfir" xml:space="preserve">[[Tugna:Septimius Severus busto-Musei Capitolini.jpg|vignette|Asebdad n uqeṛṛu n Septimyus Seberus.]]
'''Lusyus Septimyus Seberus''' (145 – 211 S.Ɛ.) d yiwen seg yimenkaden imeqranen i ibeddlen udem d unagraw n Tmenkda Taṛumanit. D netta i d amenzu i d-yekkan seg Tefriqt n Ugafa (s yiziɣer alibi-apunig) i yulin ɣer ukersi n udabu aṛumi. Yerna d netta i d amsebdad n twacult tageldant n Yisibiriyen.

Tanbaḍt-ines, seg useggas n 193 ar 211 S.Ɛ., tewwi-d isniflen d yiseggamen lqayen deg tasredsa (lɛesker), deg uzref (lqanun), d tedbelt. S tnekkra-ines, yessufeɣ tamenkda seg tallit n Principatus (anda asqamu n yimɣaren yella d amteddu) ɣer tallit n udabu amserdas lqayen.</text>
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