Wikipedia kabwiki https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asebter_agejdan MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.18 first-letter Media Uslig Mmeslay Amseqdac Amyannan umsqedac Wikipedia Amyannan n Wikipedia Tugna Amyannan n tugna MediaWiki Amyannan n MediaWiki Talɣa Amyannan n talɣa Tallat Amyannan n tallat Taggayt Amyannan n taggayt Awwur Amyannan uwwur Asenfaṛ Amyannan usenfaṛ TimedText TimedText talk Module Discussion module Event Event talk Sujet 0 5271 117292 117289 2026-09-02T20:34:28Z Gurzil90x 14292 Arniɣ-d ayen ilaqen 117292 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Ẓer taynisemt|Smith}} {{Infobox biography}} '''Adam Smith''' (ilul deg yunyu 1723 deg Kirkcaldy – yemmut ass n 17 yulyu 1790 deg Edinburgh) d afelsuf d umsadmas askusi. Yettwaḥsab d yiwen gar yirgazen imeqqranen n Tallit n '''''Tafat n Skusya''''', yerna d netta i d « Baba n tdamsa tatrart » akked tlibiralit tadamsant. Amur ameqqran n tmahilt-ines yebna ɣef tesleḍt n wamek tebded tmetti, amek leḥḥun yigadazen (ulzuzen), d wamek i d-tettili tbaɣurt deg yiɣlanen. Sin n yidlisen-is imeqqranen d ''Tiẓri n Yiḥulfan Imadwanen'' (1759) akked ''Tazrawt ɣef Ugama d Yisragen n Tbaɣurt n Yiɣlanen'' (1776, i yettwassnen s yisem aḥerfi: ''Tabaɣurt n Yiɣlanen''). == 1. Tameddurt == === 1.1. Temẓi d Tezrawin === Adam Smith ilul deg temdint n Kirkcaldy deg tmurt n Skusya. Baba-s (i yesɛan yisem-is daɣen Adam Smith) yella d amsenqad n tedwant, yemmut kra n wayyuren kan uqbel talalit n mmi-s. D yemma-s, Margaret Douglas, i t-id-yessekren. Deg useggas n 1737, mi yesɛa 14 n yiseggasen deg leɛmer-is, yekcem ɣer Tesdawit n Glasgow iwakken ad iɣer tafelsafit tuzzmant (tamuralit) s ddaw n tmehla n ufelsuf Francis Hutcheson. Deg useggas n 1740, ikemmel tezrawin-ines deg Tesdawit n Oxford (deg Balliol College). === 1.2. Tikli Tussnant === Deg 1748, yebda yettak-d isaragen deg Edinburgh ɣef tsekla d tesnukyist. Deg 1751, yuɣal d aselmad n tesnukyist deg Tesdawit n Glasgow, sin akin deg 1752, yeṭṭef amkan n uselmad n tflasuft tuzzmant. Gar 1764 d 1766, yunag ɣer Fransa d Taswist am umɛellem n ''Buccleuch''. Dinna yemlal d yifelsufen d yimsadmasen imeqqranen n tallit-nni, gar-asen [[Voltaire]], Jean-Jacques Rousseau, François Quesnay, d Anne Robert Jacques Turgot (wid iwumi qqaren Ifizyukraten). Inig-a yefka-as tagnit ad yernu ad yessegri tikta-s ɣef tdamsa. == 2. Tiẓriwin d Tikta Tigejdanin == === 2.1. Tiẓri n Yiḥulfan Imadwanen (1759) === Deg udlis-a (The Theory of Moral Sentiments), Smith yefka-d tamawalt d tesleḍt talqayt ɣef wamek yettxemmim umdan deg tmetti. Yebna tiẓri-ines ɣef tmiḍrant n « tinezt » neɣ « aɣiḍi » (sympathy/empathy): yeqqared d akken amdan, ɣas akken yezmer ad yili d '''''anassaf''''', yesɛa deg ugama-s lḥir d uɣiḍi i t-yejjan ad iḥulf s lferḥ neɣ s lqeṛḥ n wiyaḍ. D aya i d lsas n teɣdemt d useddu n tmetti. === 2.2. Tabaɣurt n Yiɣlanen (1776) === Adlis-a (An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations) yettwaḥsab d lsas iɣef tebna tussna n tdamsa tatrart. Deg-s, Smith yerra mgal tiẓriwin tiqburin n Tmerkantilit (Mercantilisme), i yeqqaren d akken tabaɣurt n tmurt tbedd ɣef wureɣ d uẓref i tesɛa. Smith yessken-d d akken tabaɣurt tekkad seg ufares d umahil n yal ass. ==== Abeṭṭu n Umahil ==== Smith yefka-d amedya mucaɛen ɣef tfabrikt n imessaken: ma yella yiwen n uxeddam weḥd-s ixeddem imessaken, ur yezmir ara ad d-yexdem ula d 20 deg wass; maca ma yella umahil yebḍa ɣef ddeqs n yixeddamen (wa igezzem tanga-s, wa ittceddu, wa yessrusuy aqerruy), zemren ad d-farsen d luluf n imessaken deg wass. Abeṭṭu n umahil yesnernay tafarest d tbaɣurt. ==== Afus Uffir ==== D yiwet gar tmiḍranin timiranin n Smith. Yeqqared d akken yal amdan mi ara yexdem i lfayda-ines(neɣ ɣef inekniyen-ines) s wudem udmawan, yettawi-d bla ma yeẓra lfayda i tmetti meṛṛa. Am wakken yella yiwen n « wfus uffir » i d-yezzuzuren talwit d useddu yelhan gar yigadazen(ulzuzen) war ma yella wenct-a deffir-s tmurt neɣ awanek. «'''Mačči seg lmziya n ugezzar, n win ixeddmen lbirra neɣ umseɣrum(axebbaz) i nettṛaǧu imensi-nneɣ, wanag s telha d useḥbiber i fkan i tanfiwin-nsen(nnfeɛ-nsen)'''.» ==== Tamlilt n Uwanek ==== Ɣas akken yettwaḥsab d bab n ugadez ilelli, Smith ur yugin ara akk Awanek. Yenna-d awanek yessefk fell-as ad iqabel kraḍ n yiswiyen igejdanen: '''Astan d tɣellist''': Aḥader ɣef tmurt mgal imnekcamen. '''Taɣdemt tunsibt''': Aḥader ɣef yizerfan gar yiɣermanen. '''Lebni d usefrek n wayla azayez''': Aṣeggem n yiberdan, taredsa, d uselmed amezwaru, d ayen ur zmiren ara yimdanen ad t-xedmen s lfayda tamsadurt. == 3. Tazrirt-is d Tgemmi == Tikta n Adam Smith d tid i ibeddlen udem n umaḍal atrar. D netta i yessersen lsas i tesnaktiwin titrarin n tdamsa: D lsas n tlibiralit taklasikit. Yefka-d amur ameqqran i yimusnawen n tdamsa i d-yusan deffir-s, am ''David Ricardo'', ''Thomas Malthus, John Stuart Mill'', ula d [[Karl Marks]] (deg tesleḍt n wazal n umahil). Adlis-is yuɣal d ttawil deg usnerni n tegrawla tamgurant deg Tgelda Yedduklen d Turuft s umata. == 4. Idlisen Igejdanen == 1759: The Theory of Moral Sentiments (Tiẓri n Yiḥulfan Imadwanen). 1776: An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (Tabaɣurt n Yiɣlanen)[2]. 1795: Essays on Philosophical Subjects (Imagraden ɣef Yisental Ifelsufiyen – yeṭṭef-d uffuɣ deffir tmettant-is). [[Category:Tameddurt]][[Category:Afelsuf]][[Category:Ademsan]] k6wphkqgoxm9s07uhpkok7h7jwkvin9 0 23930 117294 110260 2026-09-02T22:43:35Z Sami At Ferḥat 6375 117294 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Delete|Written in french}} '''K-pop''' est un mot qui désigne un genre musical populaire coréenne. == Qui sont ces images ? == [[File:BTS for Samsung Galaxy, 2022.jpg|thumb|[[BTS]] au cinéma]] [[File:Blackpink Pink Carpet Event 4.jpg|thumb|[[Black pink]] à la télé]] [[File:Twice in 2017.jpg|thumb|[[Twice|TWICE]] au USA]] [[File:191216 Stray Kids for JYP Entertainment Audition (1).png|thumb|[[Stray Kids]] en direct sur YouTube]] h673idky8mb1bvqweniacf9cd9rspgp 0 25553 117290 117285 2026-09-02T16:24:16Z Gurzil90x 14292 Arniɣ-d ayen ilaqen 117290 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Septimius Severus busto-Musei Capitolini.jpg|vignette|Asebdad n uqeṛṛu n Septimyus Severus.]] '''Lusyus Septimyus Severus''' (145 – 211 S.Ɛ.) d yiwen seg yimenkaden imeqranen i ibeddlen udem d unagraw n Tmenkda Taṛumanit. D netta i d amenzu i d-yekkan seg Tefriqt n Ugafa (s yiziɣer alibi-apunig) i yulin ɣer ukersi n udabu aṛumi. Yerna d netta i d amsebdad n twacult tageldant n Yisibiriyen. Tanbaḍt-ines, seg useggas n 193 ar 211 S.Ɛ., tewwi-d isniflen d yiseggamen lqayen deg tasredsa (lɛesker), deg uzref (lqanun), d tedbelt. S tnekkra-ines, yessufeɣ tamenkda seg tallit n Principatus (anda asqamu n yimɣaren yella d amteddu) ɣer tallit n udabu amserdas lqayen. == 1. Aẓar, Talalit d Temẓi-ines == === Talalit deg Leptis Magna === Ilul Septimyus Severus ass n 11 deg Yebrir n useggas 145 (neɣ 146) S.Ɛ. deg temdint n Leptis Magna (deg tmurt n Libiya n tura). Tamdint-a tella d yiwet seg temdinin timeqqranin n Tefriqt n Ugafa, tebna ɣef yiri n Yilel Agrakal deg temnaḍt n Tripolitania. === Aẓar n twacult === '''Baba-s''': Ism-is ''Publius Septimius Geta'', yekka-d seg yiẓuran ilibiyen-ipuniyen (imaziɣen-ifiniqiyen) yesɛan ayla d ccan ameqran deg temnaḍt. Twacult-ines tella teṭṭef tiɣermi taṛumit acḥal d tasuta send talalit-is. '''Yemma-s''': Ism-is ''Fulvia Pia'', tekka-d seg twacult taṭalyanit-taṛumit n watelsan (gens Fulvia). === Asgmi d tutlayin === Severus yelmed tutlayt tapunigt, talatinit, d tegrikt. Ɣas akken yelmed tasekla d lqanun deg Ruma d Atina, imuzrayen n tallit-nni (am Cassius Dion) nnan-d d akken yella yessawal talatinit s yiwet n aɣdebbu tafriqit i d-yettbanen ar taggara n tudert-is. == 2. Abrid Asertan d Umserdas (Cursus Honorum) == Send ad yaweḍ ɣer udabu unnig, Septimyus Severus yekfa akk talliyin n usedmer asertan aṛumi s tallelt n umenkad [[Mark Urel]]: '''Akcam ɣer Usqamu n Yimɣaren (''SINA'')''': Yekcem d aɛeggal deg useggas n 170 S.Ɛ. '''Isurifen imezwura''': Yeṭṭef tamassit n kwaystur (quaestor) deg Ruma d Baetica (Spanya), sakin d aṭribun n ''ipliben'' deg 176 S.Ɛ. '''Tanbaḍt n temnaḍin''': Yuɣal d afritran (praetor) deg 178 S.Ɛ., syin d anebbaḍ n Gallia Lugdunensis (Fransa), n Sisilya, d Pannonia Superior (ɣef wasif n Danub) deg useggas n 191 S.Ɛ.[1]. Deg Panunya, Severus yefka tamawt meqqren i tseddarin n yiserdasen, yella yeẓra amek ay tteddun iserdasen n tlisa d wayen ttnadin, d ayen i as-yeldin abrid ɣer tezmert tamuqqrant. pfgclxa3l8nbyhb3wifja7l7bree6ng 117296 117290 2026-09-03T10:22:50Z Gurzil90x 14292 arniɣ ayen ilaqen 117296 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Septimius Severus busto-Musei Capitolini.jpg|vignette|Asebdad n uqeṛṛu n Septimyus Severus.]] '''Lusyus Septimyus Severus''' (145 – 211 S.Ɛ.) d yiwen seg yimenkaden imeqranen i ibeddlen udem d unagraw n Tmenkda Taṛumanit. D netta i d amenzu i d-yekkan seg Tefriqt n Ugafa (s yiziɣer alibi-apunig) i yulin ɣer ukersi n udabu aṛumi. Yerna d netta i d amsebdad n twacult tageldant n Yisibiriyen. Tanbaḍt-ines, seg useggas n 193 ar 211 S.Ɛ., tewwi-d isniflen d yiseggamen lqayen deg tasredsa (lɛesker), deg uzref (lqanun), d tedbelt. S tnekkra-ines, yessufeɣ tamenkda seg tallit n Principatus (anda asqamu n yimɣaren yella d amteddu) ɣer tallit n udabu amserdas lqayen. == 1. Aẓar, Talalit d Temẓi-ines == === Talalit deg Leptis Magna === Ilul Septimyus Severus ass n 11 deg Yebrir n useggas 145 (neɣ 146) S.Ɛ. deg temdint n Leptis Magna (deg tmurt n Libiya n tura). Tamdint-a tella d yiwet seg temdinin timeqqranin n Tefriqt n Ugafa, tebna ɣef yiri n Yilel Agrakal deg temnaḍt n Tripolitania. === Aẓar n twacult === '''Baba-s''': Ism-is ''Publius Septimius Geta'', yekka-d seg yiẓuran ilibiyen-ipuniyen (imaziɣen-ifiniqiyen) yesɛan ayla d ccan ameqran deg temnaḍt. Twacult-ines tella teṭṭef tiɣermi taṛumit acḥal d tasuta send talalit-is. '''Yemma-s''': Ism-is ''Fulvia Pia'', tekka-d seg twacult taṭalyanit-taṛumit n watelsan (gens Fulvia). === Asgmi d tutlayin === Severus yelmed tutlayt tapunigt, talatinit, d tegrikt. Ɣas akken yelmed tasekla d lqanun deg Ruma d Atina, imuzrayen n tallit-nni (am Cassius Dion) nnan-d d akken yella yessawal talatinit s yiwet n aɣdebbu tafriqit i d-yettbanen ar taggara n tudert-is. == 2. Abrid Asertan d Umserdas (Cursus Honorum) == Send ad yaweḍ ɣer udabu unnig, Septimyus Severus yekfa akk talliyin n usedmer asertan aṛumi s tallelt n umenkad [[Mark Urel]]: '''Akcam ɣer Usqamu n Yimɣaren (''SINA'')''': Yekcem d aɛeggal deg useggas n 170 S.Ɛ. '''Isurifen imezwura''': Yeṭṭef tamassit n kwaystur (quaestor) deg Ruma d Baetica (Spanya), sakin d aṭribun n ''ipliben'' deg 176 S.Ɛ. '''Tanbaḍt n temnaḍin''': Yuɣal d afritran (praetor) deg 178 S.Ɛ., syin d anebbaḍ n Gallia Lugdunensis (Fransa), n Sisilya, d Pannonia Superior (ɣef wasif n Danub) deg useggas n 191 S.Ɛ.[1]. Deg Panunya, Severus yefka tamawt meqqren i tseddarin n yiserdasen, yella yeẓra amek ay tteddun iserdasen n tlisa d wayen ttnadin, d ayen i as-yeldin abrid ɣer tezmert tamuqqrant. == 3. Aseggas n Semmus n Yimenkaden (193 S.Ɛ.) d Tuzzya ɣer Unbaḍ == Deg taggara n useggas 192 S.Ɛ., yemmut umenkad ''Commodus''. Deg useggas 193 S.Ɛ.—i yettwasnen deg umezruy s Useggas n Semmus n Yimenkaden—tallit n tezɣent d ummenuɣ ɣef udabu: Amenkad Pertinax yeṭṭef leḥkem kra n wagguren kan send ad t-nɣen yimḍebbren n tɛessast. Iɛessasen-nni zzenzen akersi n udabu deg "ssuq" i win ara d-yefken aṭas n tedrimt; dɣa yuɣ-it umarkanti Didius Julianus. Iserdasen n Danub ugin aya. Ass n 9 Yebrir 193 S.Ɛ. deg temdint n Carnuntum, berrḥen s Septimius Severus d amenkad.<syntaxhighlight> ┌──────────────────────────────┐ │ Aseggas n 193 S.Ɛ. │ │ Assider n Didius Julianus │ └──────────────┬───────────────┘ │ ┌──────────────────┴──────────────────┐ ▼ ▼ ┌───────────────────────┐ ┌───────────────────────┐ │ Amenɣi n Issus (194) │ │ Amenɣi n Lugdunum │ │ Mgal Pescennius Niger │ │ (197) mgal Albinus │ └───────────────────────┘ └───────────────────────┘ </syntaxhighlight>Severus yuzzel s tazzla tameqqrant ɣer temdint n Ruma. ''Didius Julianus'' yetwanɣa send ad d-yaweḍ Severus. Iwakken ad yeṭṭef anbaḍ akken iwata, yennuɣ mgal sin n yimsizwren: ''Pescennius Niger'' (deg Ugmuḍ): Yernat deg umenɣi n Cyzicus, Nicaea, d Issus (194 S.Ɛ.). ''Clodius Albinus'' (deg Utaram): Yernat deg umenɣi aneggaru n Lugdunum (Lyon) deg useggas n 197 S.Ɛ., i yellan d yiwen seg yimenɣan imeqranen akk gar Yiṛumaniyen. 57sv9yxpcedh0afr0gqxlz4qkqgafd4 0 25555 117291 117287 2026-09-02T20:28:30Z Gurzil90x 14292 arniɣ ayen ilaqen 117291 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Monero-Logo.svg|vignette|Monero.]] '''Monero''' d yiwen n wsuṛdi umḍin s wudem n uɣbalu yeldin, yebnan ɣef uzeṭṭa ayugan-ɣer-uyugan (peer-to-peer). Asenfar-a ilul-d deg yebrir n useggas 2014. Talɣa tagjdit n Monero tbedd ɣef uselken n tbaḍnit, d tinigawin s wudem udrig. Mgal [[Bitcoin|Bitkuyin]] (Bitcoin) ideg yella uzrar n yiḥedran d azayez yerna d afrawan, Muniru yesseqdac timhaliwin n uwgelhen tusligin akken ad yeffer tansa n umceyyaɛ, tansa n unermas, akked wazal n yidrimen yettwaznen deg yal tanigawt. == Amezruy d usnulfu == Asenfaṛ n Monero yebda-d deg yebrir 2014 s yisem n BitMonero, i d-yekkan seg teglizit (Bit) d tutlayt n t-Esperantot (Monero, i d-yemmalen asuṛdi neɣ ''tapyast n tedrimt''). Yeqqel d asenfaṛ imzerreg s yisem n ''Bytecoin'', yiwen n usuṛdi i yesseqdacen aneggaf '''CryptoNote'''. Imi tarbaɛt tamatut ur teqbil ara kra n tarrayin n usefrek n ''Bytecoin'', yettwaxdem-d leqdic amaynut sɣur imnadiyen d imusnawen n tsenselkimt i yefkan leɛnaya tameqqrant i tbaḍnit d tuqqna yeldin i medden meṛṛa war taɛessast. Seg yimir-n, aṭas n tneflitin timiriyin i d-yernan deg unagraw-is, gar-asent: '''RingCT (2017)''' : I usedreg n wazalen n tinigawin. '''Bulletproofs (2018)''' : I usenqes n d tiddi n yisefka n tinigawin. '''RandomX (2019)''' : Alguritm n unza n umahil i '''usnaɣez''' s useqdec n yisekkaren imuta (CPU). == Titiknulujiyin tigejdanin n tbaḍnit == Monero yemxallaf ɣef waṭas n yisuṛdiyen umḍinen nniḍen acku tabaḍnit deg-s ur telli ara d axtiṛan (afranan), d taneflit tagejdayt yettwagedlen s wudem amagnu deg yal tanigawt.<syntaxhighlight> +-------------------------------------------------------------+        |             Tinigawin Tibaḍnanin n Monero            |        +-------------------------------------------------------------+        |  1. Amceyyaɛ (Amazan)   -->  Tizmal n uzebg (Ring Signatures)|        |  2. Anermas  -->  Tansiwin tuffirin |        |  3. Azal n wudrim       -->  RingCT (Awgelhen n wazal n wudrim)   |        +-------------------------------------------------------------+ </syntaxhighlight> === 3.1. Tizmal n uzebg (Ring Signatures) === Tarrayt-a tesseqdac tasarut tazayezt n umceyyaɛ akked tzemmar n tsura tizuyaz nniḍen yettwafernen seg uzrar n yiḥedran. Anagraw yesseqdec azmul n uzebg, s waya ur nezmir ara ad nẓer anwa n tidet i d amceyyaɛ ameẓyan gar wid yellan deg ugraw. === 3.2. Tansiwin tuffirin (Stealth Addresses) === Deg yal tanigawt, amceyyaɛ yesnulfuy-d s wudem awurman tansa tudrigt i yiwet n tikkelt kan. Ɣas akken amsaɣ yesɛa tansa tazayezt, ulac yiwen deg beṛṛa n uzeṭṭa izemren ad yessiweḍ gar tansa-nni d tinigawin i d-yettasen ɣur-s. gtvjtxc68a3tbkhmzhgvh0mt3dg553i 117295 117291 2026-09-03T10:15:52Z Gurzil90x 14292 arniɣ ayen ilaqen 117295 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Monero-Logo.svg|vignette|Monero.]] '''Monero''' d yiwen n wsuṛdi umḍin s wudem n uɣbalu yeldin, yebnan ɣef uzeṭṭa ayugan-ɣer-uyugan (peer-to-peer). Asenfar-a ilul-d deg yebrir n useggas 2014. Talɣa tagjdit n Monero tbedd ɣef uselken n tbaḍnit, d tinigawin s wudem udrig. Mgal [[Bitcoin|Bitkuyin]] (Bitcoin) ideg yella uzrar n yiḥedran d azayez yerna d afrawan, Muniru yesseqdac timhaliwin n uwgelhen tusligin akken ad yeffer tansa n umceyyaɛ, tansa n unermas, akked wazal n yidrimen yettwaznen deg yal tanigawt. == Amezruy d usnulfu == Asenfaṛ n Monero yebda-d deg yebrir 2014 s yisem n BitMonero, i d-yekkan seg teglizit (Bit) d tutlayt n t-Esperantot (Monero, i d-yemmalen asuṛdi neɣ ''tapyast n tedrimt''). Yeqqel d asenfaṛ imzerreg s yisem n ''Bytecoin'', yiwen n usuṛdi i yesseqdacen aneggaf '''CryptoNote'''. Imi tarbaɛt tamatut ur teqbil ara kra n tarrayin n usefrek n ''Bytecoin'', yettwaxdem-d leqdic amaynut sɣur imnadiyen d imusnawen n tsenselkimt i yefkan leɛnaya tameqqrant i tbaḍnit d tuqqna yeldin i medden meṛṛa war taɛessast. Seg yimir-n, aṭas n tneflitin timiriyin i d-yernan deg unagraw-is, gar-asent: '''RingCT (2017)''' : I usedreg n wazalen n tinigawin. '''Bulletproofs (2018)''' : I usenqes n d tiddi n yisefka n tinigawin. '''RandomX (2019)''' : Alguritm n unza n umahil i '''usnaɣez''' s useqdec n yisekkaren imuta (CPU). == Titiknulujiyin tigejdanin n tbaḍnit == Monero yemxallaf ɣef waṭas n yisuṛdiyen umḍinen nniḍen acku tabaḍnit deg-s ur telli ara d axtiṛan (afranan), d taneflit tagejdayt yettwagedlen s wudem amagnu deg yal tanigawt.<syntaxhighlight> +-------------------------------------------------------------+        |             Tinigawin Tibaḍnanin n Monero            |        +-------------------------------------------------------------+        |  1. Amceyyaɛ (Amazan)   -->  Tizmal n uzebg (Ring Signatures)|        |  2. Anermas  -->  Tansiwin tuffirin |        |  3. Azal n wudrim       -->  RingCT (Awgelhen n wazal n wudrim)   |        +-------------------------------------------------------------+ </syntaxhighlight> === 3.1. Tizmal n uzebg (Ring Signatures) === Tarrayt-a tesseqdac tasarut tazayezt n umceyyaɛ akked tzemmar n tsura tizuyaz nniḍen yettwafernen seg uzrar n yiḥedran. Anagraw yesseqdec azmul n uzebg, s waya ur nezmir ara ad nẓer anwa n tidet i d amceyyaɛ ameẓyan gar wid yellan deg ugraw. === 3.2. Tansiwin tuffirin (Stealth Addresses) === Deg yal tanigawt, amceyyaɛ yesnulfuy-d s wudem awurman tansa tudrigt i yiwet n tikkelt kan. Ɣas akken amsaɣ yesɛa tansa tazayezt, ulac yiwen deg beṛṛa n uzeṭṭa izemren ad yessiweḍ gar tansa-nni d tinigawin i d-yettasen ɣur-s. === 3.3. Tinigawin tibaḍnanin n uzebg (RingCT) === Deg tazwara n Monero, azalen n yidrimen llan ttbanen-d. Seg useggas n 2017, anagraw yessekcem titiknit n RingCT, i yesseqdacen tarrayin tusnaktin n uwgelhen akken ad iḥrez azalen war ma yeffeɣ-d umḍan ar tafat, yerna ad yeḍmen d akken ur d-yeḍri ara uɛawed n useqdec n yidrimen (double spending). === 3.4. Alguritm RandomX === Iwakken ad yeḥrez awar-aslemmas n uzeṭṭa, Monero yesseqdac alguritm n unza n umahil iwumi qqaṛen RandomX. Alguritm-a yettwaselɣa akken ad yelḥu s wudem igerrzen ɣef yisekkaren imuta (CPU) n yiselkimen n yal ass, yerna yesseḥbes amirew n tmacinin tusligin yettwassnen s yisem n ASIC i d-yettawin tazrirt tamuqqrant ɣef uzeṭṭa sɣur teṛmistin timeqqranin. pbz9y8mjbff2abaw2sp3tcj9j8spm58 10 25556 117293 2026-09-02T22:33:14Z Sami At Ferḥat 6375 Asebtar amaynut: /* {{pp-template|small=yes}} */ .plainlist ol, .plainlist ul { line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; /* Reset Minerva default */ } .plainlist ol li, .plainlist ul li { margin-bottom: 0; } 117293 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template|small=yes}} */ .plainlist ol, .plainlist ul { line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; /* Reset Minerva default */ } .plainlist ol li, .plainlist ul li { margin-bottom: 0; } 9iguthb0t8w7c89r3am2dbgv55d4w1c