Wikipedia kabwiki https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asebter_agejdan MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.18 first-letter Media Uslig Mmeslay Amseqdac Amyannan umsqedac Wikipedia Amyannan n Wikipedia Tugna Amyannan n tugna MediaWiki Amyannan n MediaWiki Talɣa Amyannan n talɣa Tallat Amyannan n tallat Taggayt Amyannan n taggayt Awwur Amyannan uwwur Asenfaṛ Amyannan usenfaṛ TimedText TimedText talk Module Discussion module Event Event talk Sujet 0 23717 117310 109452 2026-09-04T16:21:54Z Gurzil90x 14292 arniɣ ayen ilaqen 117310 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Karakalla''' (s talatint : '''Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus Augustus''' ; ilul s yisem n '''Lucius Septimius Bassianus''' ass n 4 yebrir 188 deg Lugdunum (Lyon tatrart) – yemmut ass n 8 yebrir 217 ar tama n Carrhae, d amenkad [[Tamnekda Tarumanit|urumani]] wis 22 i inebḍen Tamnekda Tarumanit seg useggas n 198 armi d tamettant-is deg 217<ref>{{En}} [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Caracalla Caracalla], deg ''britannica.com''.</ref>. Yella seg ugdez n Yisiviriyen i d-yefrurin seg Tefriqt n Ugafa (Leptis Magna) Yettwassen deg umezruy amaḍlan ladɣa s Wanaḍ n Karakalla (Constitutio Antoniniana) deg useggas n 212, i yefkan tiɣremt tarumanit i yal amdan ilelli i izedɣen daxel n tlisa n temnekda, akked lebni n yiḥamamen n Karakalla deg temdint n Roma. == Tizmilin == <references /> az9xjubpnrjjdysion8drmydbka9bad 117311 117310 2026-09-04T19:23:21Z Gurzil90x 14292 arniɣ ayen ilaqen 117311 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Karakalla''' (s talatint : '''Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus Augustus''' ; ilul s yisem n '''Lucius Septimius Bassianus''' ass n 4 yebrir 188 deg Lugdunum (Lyon tatrart) – yemmut ass n 8 yebrir 217 ar tama n Carrhae, d amenkad [[Tamnekda Tarumanit|urumani]] wis 22 i inebḍen Tamnekda Tarumanit seg useggas n 198 armi d tamettant-is deg 217<ref>{{En}} [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Caracalla Caracalla], deg ''britannica.com''.</ref>. Yella seg ugdez n Yisiviriyen i d-yefrurin seg Tefriqt n Ugafa (Leptis Magna) Yettwassen deg umezruy amaḍlan ladɣa s Wanaḍ n Karakalla (Constitutio Antoniniana) deg useggas n 212, i yefkan tiɣremt tarumanit i yal amdan ilelli i izedɣen daxel n tlisa n temnekda, akked lebni n yiḥamamen n Karakalla deg temdint n Roma. == 1. Tazwart d uẓar n yisem-is == Isem-is n tlalit d '''Lucius Septimius Bassianus'''. Asmi yesɛa mraw (10) n yiseggasen, baba-s ibeddel-as isem ɣer '''Marcus Aurelius Antoninus''' iwakken ad yeqqen tawacult-is ɣer twacult tanbaḍt tameqqrant n yimenkaden I-antuninen (ladɣa [[Mark Urel]]). Isem n Karakalla (Caracalla) ur yelli ara d isem unṣib ; d aflisem i as-fkan yiserdasen d uɣref arumani, acku yella dima yettlusu yiwe n uqendur aɣezfan i d-yekkan seg temnaḍt n Galya (Gaule) iwumi qqaren caracalla deg tutlayt tagalit. == 2. Tameddurt d Temẓi == Ilul deg Lyon deg tmurt n Fransa n wass-a, asmi yella baba-s d anebbaḍ n temnaḍt-nni. Aẓar n twacult-is yezdi gar snat n tɣermiwin tiqburin: Baba-s, [[Septimyus Severus]] : Ilul deg Leptis Magna (di Tripolitanya, Libya n tura) ; yella d amaziɣ/apuniqi yerna d aṛumani s teɣremt. Yemma-s, '''Julia Domna''' : Tella d yelli-s n twacult tameqqrant n yigrawliwen d yemxezniyen n temdint n Emesa (Homs deg Surya tatrart). Deg useggas n 198, asmi yesɛa kan mraw n yiseggasen, yuli ɣer weswir n Augustus (amenkad amɛiwen akked baba-s). Deg useggas n 209, gma-s ameẓyan Geta yettwarnu ula d netta d amenkud wis kraḍ. == Tizmilin == <references /> 9buz9p8ntq5lsk0ttetfrd8utpjf0p4 117314 117311 2026-09-05T10:23:18Z Gurzil90x 14292 arniɣ ayen ilaqen 117314 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Karakalla''' (s talatint : '''Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus Augustus''' ; ilul s yisem n '''Lucius Septimius Bassianus''' ass n 4 yebrir 188 deg Lugdunum (Lyon tatrart) – yemmut ass n 8 yebrir 217 ar tama n Carrhae, d amenkad [[Tamnekda Tarumanit|urumani]] wis 22 i inebḍen Tamnekda Tarumanit seg useggas n 198 armi d tamettant-is deg 217<ref>{{En}} [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Caracalla Caracalla], deg ''britannica.com''.</ref>. Yella seg ugdez n Yisiviriyen i d-yefrurin seg Tefriqt n Ugafa (Leptis Magna) Yettwassen deg umezruy amaḍlan ladɣa s Wanaḍ n Karakalla (Constitutio Antoniniana) deg useggas n 212, i yefkan tiɣremt tarumanit i yal amdan ilelli i izedɣen daxel n tlisa n temnekda, akked lebni n yiḥamamen n Karakalla deg temdint n Roma. == 1. Tazwart d uẓar n yisem-is == Isem-is n tlalit d '''Lucius Septimius Bassianus'''. Asmi yesɛa mraw (10) n yiseggasen, baba-s ibeddel-as isem ɣer '''Marcus Aurelius Antoninus''' iwakken ad yeqqen tawacult-is ɣer twacult tanbaḍt tameqqrant n yimenkaden I-antuninen (ladɣa [[Mark Urel]]). Isem n Karakalla (Caracalla) ur yelli ara d isem unṣib ; d aflisem i as-fkan yiserdasen d uɣref arumani, acku yella dima yettlusu yiwe n uqendur aɣezfan i d-yekkan seg temnaḍt n Galya (Gaule) iwumi qqaren caracalla deg tutlayt tagalit. == 2. Tameddurt d Temẓi == Ilul deg Lyon deg tmurt n Fransa n wass-a, asmi yella baba-s d anebbaḍ n temnaḍt-nni. Aẓar n twacult-is yezdi gar snat n tɣermiwin tiqburin: Baba-s, [[Septimyus Severus]] : Ilul deg Leptis Magna (di Tripolitanya, Libya n tura) ; yella d amaziɣ/apuniqi yerna d aṛumani s teɣremt. Yemma-s, '''Julia Domna''' : Tella d yelli-s n twacult tameqqrant n yigrawliwen d yemxezniyen n temdint n Emesa (Homs deg Surya tatrart). Deg useggas n 198, asmi yesɛa kan mraw n yiseggasen, yuli ɣer weswir n Augustus (amenkad amɛiwen akked baba-s). Deg useggas n 209, gma-s ameẓyan Geta yettwarnu ula d netta d amenkud wis kraḍ. == 3. Tanbaḍt (211–217) == === 3.1. Amgired akked gma-s Geta d tmenɣiwt-is === Mi yemmut baba-tsen [[Septimyus Severus|Septimyus Severu]]<nowiki/>s deg useggas n 211 deg temdint n Eboracum (York, deg Tagelda Yedduklen n wass-a), Karakalla d gma-s Geta uɣalen d imenkaden i yessawḍen ad ṭṭfen adabu i yiman-nsen. Gar-asen yella ucengu ameqran d tismin ur yezmir yiwen ad yessensi. Bɣan ad beḍḍun tamnekda ɣef sin, maca yemma-tsen Julia Domna tella tettawi-d arkad gar-asen. Deg waggur n dujanber 211, Karakalla yexdem-as taḥila i gma-s : yessawel-as-d ɣer yiwet n temlilit taredsant deg wexxam n yemma-tsen, dɣa ssuffyen-d kra n yiserdasen iḥeṛcen i t-yenɣan gar yiɣallen n yemma-s. Deffir waya, Karakalla yenɣa azal n 20 000 n yimdanen i yellan d imeddukal neɣ d iɛessasen n Geta, yerna yessufeɣ-d anaḍ n usufeɣ seg umezruy (Damnatio memoriae), anda kksen akk isem n Geta seg yisebdaden, iẓra d tedrimt n temnekda. == 3.2. Tanbaḍt taserdasit == Karakalla yebna lḥekm-is akk ɣef leɛnaya n yiserdasen. Yerna-asen deg yiɣṛad s ugar n 50%, yerna yella yetteddu yid-sen deg yimenɣi. Aya yexleq-d ugur ameqran deg tesnallunt d tdamsa n Roma, imi tadrimt tuɣal ur tqidd ara. == Tizmilin == <references /> jzfenwkp8man8ye2c10qo112lho9fhh 117315 117314 2026-09-05T10:23:57Z Gurzil90x 14292 arniɣ ayen ilaqen 117315 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Karakalla''' (s talatint : '''Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus Augustus''' ; ilul s yisem n '''Lucius Septimius Bassianus''' ass n 4 yebrir 188 deg Lugdunum (Lyon tatrart) – yemmut ass n 8 yebrir 217 ar tama n Carrhae, d amenkad [[Tamnekda Tarumanit|urumani]] wis 22 i inebḍen Tamnekda Tarumanit seg useggas n 198 armi d tamettant-is deg 217<ref>{{En}} [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Caracalla Caracalla], deg ''britannica.com''.</ref>. Yella seg ugdez n Yisiviriyen i d-yefrurin seg Tefriqt n Ugafa (Leptis Magna) Yettwassen deg umezruy amaḍlan ladɣa s Wanaḍ n Karakalla (Constitutio Antoniniana) deg useggas n 212, i yefkan tiɣremt tarumanit i yal amdan ilelli i izedɣen daxel n tlisa n temnekda, akked lebni n yiḥamamen n Karakalla deg temdint n Roma. == 1. Tazwart d uẓar n yisem-is == Isem-is n tlalit d '''Lucius Septimius Bassianus'''. Asmi yesɛa mraw (10) n yiseggasen, baba-s ibeddel-as isem ɣer '''Marcus Aurelius Antoninus''' iwakken ad yeqqen tawacult-is ɣer twacult tanbaḍt tameqqrant n yimenkaden I-antuninen (ladɣa [[Mark Urel]]). Isem n Karakalla (Caracalla) ur yelli ara d isem unṣib ; d aflisem i as-fkan yiserdasen d uɣref arumani, acku yella dima yettlusu yiwe n uqendur aɣezfan i d-yekkan seg temnaḍt n Galya (Gaule) iwumi qqaren caracalla deg tutlayt tagalit. == 2. Tameddurt d Temẓi == Ilul deg Lyon deg tmurt n Fransa n wass-a, asmi yella baba-s d anebbaḍ n temnaḍt-nni. Aẓar n twacult-is yezdi gar snat n tɣermiwin tiqburin: Baba-s, [[Septimyus Severus]] : Ilul deg Leptis Magna (di Tripolitanya, Libya n tura) ; yella d amaziɣ/apuniqi yerna d aṛumani s teɣremt. Yemma-s, '''Julia Domna''' : Tella d yelli-s n twacult tameqqrant n yigrawliwen d yemxezniyen n temdint n Emesa (Homs deg Surya tatrart). Deg useggas n 198, asmi yesɛa kan mraw n yiseggasen, yuli ɣer weswir n Augustus (amenkad amɛiwen akked baba-s). Deg useggas n 209, gma-s ameẓyan Geta yettwarnu ula d netta d amenkud wis kraḍ. == 3. Tanbaḍt (211–217) == === 3.1. Amgired akked gma-s Geta d tmenɣiwt-is === Mi yemmut baba-tsen [[Septimyus Severus|Septimyus Severu]]<nowiki/>s deg useggas n 211 deg temdint n Eboracum (York, deg Tagelda Yedduklen n wass-a), Karakalla d gma-s Geta uɣalen d imenkaden i yessawḍen ad ṭṭfen adabu i yiman-nsen. Gar-asen yella ucengu ameqran d tismin ur yezmir yiwen ad yessensi. Bɣan ad beḍḍun tamnekda ɣef sin, maca yemma-tsen Julia Domna tella tettawi-d arkad gar-asen. Deg waggur n dujanber 211, Karakalla yexdem-as taḥila i gma-s : yessawel-as-d ɣer yiwet n temlilit taredsant deg wexxam n yemma-tsen, dɣa ssuffyen-d kra n yiserdasen iḥeṛcen i t-yenɣan gar yiɣallen n yemma-s. Deffir waya, Karakalla yenɣa azal n 20 000 n yimdanen i yellan d imeddukal neɣ d iɛessasen n Geta, yerna yessufeɣ-d anaḍ n usufeɣ seg umezruy (Damnatio memoriae), anda kksen akk isem n Geta seg yisebdaden, iẓra d tedrimt n temnekda. == 3.2. Tanbaḍt taserdasit == Karakalla yebna lḥekm-is akk ɣef leɛnaya n yiserdasen. Yerna-asen deg yiɣṛad s ugar n 50%, yerna yella yetteddu yid-sen deg yimenɣi. Aya yexleq-d ugur ameqran deg tedrimt d tdamsa n Roma, imi tadrimt tuɣal ur tqidd ara. == Tizmilin == <references /> ac1apeyt0sv5b3xqlusfg5xpmdf7hxj 0 25553 117309 117308 2026-09-04T16:11:07Z Gurzil90x 14292 arniɣ ayen ilaqen 117309 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Septimius Severus busto-Musei Capitolini.jpg|vignette|Asebdad n uqeṛṛu n Septimyus Severus.]] '''Lusyus Septimyus Severus''' (145 – 211 S.Ɛ.) d yiwen seg yimenkaden imeqranen i ibeddlen udem d unagraw n Tmenkda Taṛumanit. D netta i d amenzu i d-yekkan seg Tefriqt n Ugafa (s yiziɣer alibi-apunig) i yulin ɣer ukersi n udabu aṛumi. Yerna d netta i d amsebdad n twacult tageldant n Yisiviriyen. Tanbaḍt-ines, seg useggas n 193 ar 211 S.Ɛ., tewwi-d isniflen d yiseggamen lqayen deg tasredsa (lɛesker), deg uzref (lqanun), d tedbelt. S tnekkra-ines, yessufeɣ tamenkda seg tallit n Principatus (anda asqamu n yimɣaren yella d amteddu) ɣer tallit n udabu amserdas lqayen. == 1. Aẓar, Talalit d Temẓi-ines == === Talalit deg Leptis Magna === Ilul Septimyus Severus ass n 11 deg Yebrir n useggas 145 (neɣ 146) S.Ɛ. deg temdint n Leptis Magna (deg tmurt n Libiya n tura). Tamdint-a tella d yiwet seg temdinin timeqqranin n Tefriqt n Ugafa, tebna ɣef yiri n Yilel Agrakal deg temnaḍt n Tripolitania. [[Tugna:Severus210AD.png|vignette|Tamnekda Taṛumanit deg tallit n Severus.]] === Aẓar n twacult === '''Baba-s''': Ism-is ''Publius Septimius Geta'', yekka-d seg yiẓuran ilibiyen-ipuniyen (imaziɣen-ifiniqiyen) yesɛan ayla d ccan ameqran deg temnaḍt. Twacult-ines tella teṭṭef tiɣermi taṛumit acḥal d tasuta send talalit-is. '''Yemma-s''': Ism-is ''Fulvia Pia'', tekka-d seg twacult taṭalyanit-taṛumit n watelsan (gens Fulvia). === Asgmi d tutlayin === Severus yelmed tutlayt tapunigt, talatinit, d tegrikt. Ɣas akken yelmed tasekla d lqanun deg Ruma d Atina, imuzrayen n tallit-nni (am Cassius Dion) nnan-d d akken yella yessawal talatinit s yiwet n aɣdebbu tafriqit i d-yettbanen ar taggara n tudert-is. == 2. Abrid Asertan d Umserdas (Cursus Honorum) == Send ad yaweḍ ɣer udabu unnig, Septimyus Severus yekfa akk talliyin n usedmer asertan aṛumi s tallelt n umenkad [[Mark Urel]]: '''Akcam ɣer Usqamu n Yimɣaren (''SINA'')''': Yekcem d aɛeggal deg useggas n 170 S.Ɛ. '''Isurifen imezwura''': Yeṭṭef tamassit n kwaystur (quaestor) deg Ruma d Baetica (Spanya), sakin d aṭribun n ''ipliben'' deg 176 S.Ɛ. '''Tanbaḍt n temnaḍin''': Yuɣal d afritran (praetor) deg 178 S.Ɛ., syin d anebbaḍ n Gallia Lugdunensis (Fransa), n Sisilya, d Pannonia Superior (ɣef wasif n Danub) deg useggas n 191 S.Ɛ.[1]. Deg Panunya, Severus yefka tamawt meqqren i tseddarin n yiserdasen, yella yeẓra amek ay tteddun iserdasen n tlisa d wayen ttnadin, d ayen i as-yeldin abrid ɣer tezmert tamuqqrant. == 3. Aseggas n Semmus n Yimenkaden (193 S.Ɛ.) d Tuzzya ɣer Unbaḍ == Deg taggara n useggas 192 S.Ɛ., yemmut umenkad ''Commodus''. Deg useggas 193 S.Ɛ.—i yettwasnen deg umezruy s Useggas n Semmus n Yimenkaden—tallit n tezɣent d ummenuɣ ɣef udabu: Amenkad Pertinax yeṭṭef leḥkem kra n wagguren kan send ad t-nɣen yimḍebbren n tɛessast. Iɛessasen-nni zzenzen akersi n udabu deg "ssuq" i win ara d-yefken aṭas n tedrimt; dɣa yuɣ-it umarkanti Didius Julianus. Iserdasen n Danub ugin aya. Ass n 9 Yebrir 193 S.Ɛ. deg temdint n Carnuntum, berrḥen s Septimyus Severus d amenkad.<syntaxhighlight> ┌──────────────────────────────┐ │ Aseggas n 193 S.Ɛ. │ │ Assider(aɣelluy) n Didius Julianus │ └──────────────┬───────────────┘ │ ┌──────────────────┴──────────────────┐ ▼ ▼ ┌───────────────────────┐ ┌───────────────────────┐ │ Amenɣi n Issus (194) │ │ Amenɣi n Lugdunum │ │ Mgal Pescennius Niger │ │ (197) mgal Albinus │ └───────────────────────┘ └───────────────────────┘ </syntaxhighlight>Severus yuzzel s tazzla tameqqrant ɣer temdint n Ruma. ''Didius Julianus'' yetwanɣa send ad d-yaweḍ Severus. Iwakken ad yeṭṭef anbaḍ akken iwata, yennuɣ mgal sin n yimsizwren: '''''Pescennius Niger'' (deg Ugmuḍ)''': Yernat deg umenɣi n Cyzicus, Nicaea, d Issus (194 S.Ɛ.). '''''Clodius Albinus'' (deg Utaram)''': Yernat deg umenɣi aneggaru n Lugdunum (Lyon) deg useggas n 197 S.Ɛ., i yellan d yiwen seg yimenɣan imeqranen akk gar Yiṛumaniyen. == 4. Iseggamen d Isniflen Imserdasen d Yidblanen == Tanbaḍt n Septimyus Severus tbeddel lsas n uwanak aṛumi. === Isniflen n Tasredsa (Iserdasen) === '''Afsax n Tɛessast Tapriturit''': Yefsax taɛessast taqburt i yellan teččur kan d iṭalyaniyen, yebna-tt-id s yiserdasen iḥiriyen i d-yextar seg tlisa n Danub d Tefriqt. '''Tirbbaɛ timaynutin''': Yesnulfa-d kraḍt n tseddarin timaynutiw (Legio I, II, d III Parthica). Yiwet deg-sent yessers-itt ɣer tama n Ruma (Castra Albana) i useḥbiber fell-as. '''Tidrimin d Tsulya(Zwaǧ)''': Yerna deg texlaṣṣin n yiserdasen (solde) s wazal n 33% ar 50%, yerna yefka-yasen azref ad zewǧen skud llan deg uheggi n lɛesker (d ayen yellan d amgadal send-is). [[Tugna:Leptis Magna Arch of Septimius Severus.jpg|vignette|Tagenza n Severus deg Leptis Magna.]] === Isniflen n Tedbelt d Uzref === '''Asenqes n tezmert n Usqamu''': Yekkes aṭas n tezmert i Usqamu n Yimɣaren (Sina), yerr-a adabu gar yifassen n yimḍebbren imserdasen d yinefrayen neɣ imsaḍufen. '''Asnerni n tussna n uzref''': Yesseqdec imusnawen imeqranen n lqanun aṛumi, gar-asen ''Papinien'' (Aemilius Papinianus, i d-yekkan ula d netta seg Tefriqt neɣ Surya), Ulpien, d Paulus. '''Tadamsa d Txezna''': Yebḍa tadamsa gar txezna n uwanak (aerarium/fiscus) d tbaɣurt tusligt n umenkad d twacult-is (res privata). == 5. Tuffɣiwin n Tredsa d Usehrew n Tlisa == <syntaxhighlight> ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ TUFFƔIWIN N TREDSA N SEVERUS │ ├──────────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────┤ │ 1. TUFFƔA n Mezubuṭamya │ Aserɣi n Ctesiphon (197) d │ │ (197 - 198 S.Ɛ.) │ tmerniwt n Mesopotamya. │ ├──────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────┤ │ 2. TUFFƔA n Tefriqt │ Asebded n Limes Tripolitanus │ │ (202 - 203 S.Ɛ.) │ d lebni n Gholaia/Bu Njem. │ ├──────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────┤ │ 3. TUFFƔA n Kaledunya │ Aɛawed n lebni n Uɣrab n │ │ (208 - 211 S.Ɛ.) │ Hadrian d umenɣi di Scotland │ └──────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────┘ </syntaxhighlight>'''Tuffɣa n Mezubuṭamya (197–198 S.Ɛ.)''': Yennuɣ mgal Tmenkda Tapartit, yesreɣ tamanaɣt-nsen Ctesiphon. Tamnaḍt n Mezubuṭamya tuɣal d tamnaḍt taṛumit tamaynut. '''Tuffɣa n Tefriqt (202–203 S.Ɛ.)''': Yessuddes talisa n Tefriqt n Ugafa (Limes Tripolitanus) mgal tgeldiwin timaziɣin n unẓul (am Yigaramanten). Yebna igruren n tredsa(lɛesker) deg Gholaia (Bu Njem) d Ghadames. Yerra tamdint-is Leptis Magna d tamnaḍt tamirant s lebni n yisebdaden, tagenzi, d usagen ameqran. '''Tuffɣa n Briṭanya (208–211 S.Ɛ.)''': Yuli ɣer tgzirt n Briṭanya (Legliz) d warraw-is iwakken ad iḥareb mgal leɛṛac n Kaledunya (Caledonia, deg Skutlanda n tura). Dinna iɛawed asebded d useǧhed n Uɣrab n [[Hadriyan]]. == 6. Tawacult d Temsalt n Wukus == === Julia Domna === Severus yuɣ tislit-is tis snat J''ulia Domna'' deg useggas n 187 S.Ɛ., d yelli-s n uqessis ameqran n tecbalt n yiṭij(seg usɣan ''Ilagabal'' n temnaḍt n [[surya]] n wass-a) deg temdint n Emesa (Homs, deg [[Surya]]). Julia Domna tella d tamusnawt yeɣran aṭas, tella tessebded igrawen n ifelsufen, imedyazen d yimussnawen deg Ruma, yerna tesɛa tazrirt meqqren deg tsertit n umenkad. === Arraw-is: Karakalla d Geta === Tesɛa-d yid-s sin n warrac: '''[[Karakalla]]''' (Lucius Septimius Bassianus / Antoninus). '''Publius Septimius Geta'''. Severus yessuli sin-a n warraw-is ɣer umkan n ''Augustus'' iwakken ad nbeḍen lwaḥid deffir-s. Maca yella gar-asen yiwen n wurfan d cceḥna tameqqrant ur nerkid. == 7. Tamettant == === Tamettant deg Eboracum (211 S.Ɛ.) === Yemmut Septimyus Severus ass n 4 deg Furar n useggas 211 S.Ɛ. deg temdint n Eboracum (York, deg Briṭanya) deg leɛmer-is 65 n yiseggasen. Send ad yemmet, yefka i sin n warraw-is yiwen n uwellah yeqqimen deg umezruy: "Ddukklet gar-awen, Ili-ken am iserdasen, Ili-ken d imakkayen, u Ḥeqret wiyaḍ." (« Concordes estote, milites locupletate, ceteros contemnite ») Deffir tmettant-ines, [[Karakalla]] yenɣa gma-s Geta deg 212 S.Ɛ. iwakken ad yeṭṭef adabu i yimani-s, sakin yefka tiɣeṛmi taṛumanit i akk iɣermanen ilelliyen n tmenkda (Anaḍ n Karakalla). qvts6gz9gaizsxakrbcbfvbn31we1jc 0 25558 117312 2026-09-04T19:42:35Z Gurzil90x 14292 Amagrad amaynut 117312 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Zcash logo.svg|vignette|Alugu Zcash.]] '''Zcash''' (s uzamul: ZEC) d yiwen n usuṛdi umḍin i d-yennulfan i lmend n uḥraz n tbaḍnit d tɣellist deg tnigawin tisenselkamin. Yettusbadu-d deg tuber n useggas 2016 s lmendad n umusnaw n tsenselkimt Zooko Wilcox-O'Hearn akk d teṛbaɛt n tkebbanit Electric Coin Company. Ayen yessemxallafen Zcash ɣef yisuṛdiyen umḍinen nniḍen (am [[Bitcoin]]) d aseqdec-ines n yiwet n tarrayt tusnakt yettwassnen s yisem n « anza mebla tamusni » (zero-knowledge proof), ladɣa anagraw atikniki yettusemman zk-SNARKs. Allal-a yettaǧǧa iseqdacen ad gen tinigawin war ma sbeggnen-d tansa n umceyyaɛ(amazan), tansa n unermas, neɣ azal n wedrim yettwaznen. c2mcjh07p56ej459vv76nixn10ss9hh 117313 117312 2026-09-05T09:58:02Z Gurzil90x 14292 arniɣ ayen ilaqen 117313 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Zcash logo.svg|vignette|Alugu Zcash.]] '''Zcash''' (s uzamul: ZEC) d yiwen n usuṛdi umḍin i d-yennulfan i lmend n uḥraz n tbaḍnit d tɣellist deg tnigawin tisenselkamin. Yettusbadu-d deg tuber n useggas 2016 s lmendad n umusnaw n tsenselkimt Zooko Wilcox-O'Hearn akk d teṛbaɛt n tkebbanit Electric Coin Company. Ayen yessemxallafen Zcash ɣef yisuṛdiyen umḍinen nniḍen (am [[Bitcoin]]) d aseqdec-ines n yiwet n tarrayt tusnakt yettwassnen s yisem n « anza mebla tamusni » (zero-knowledge proof), ladɣa anagraw atikniki yettusemman zk-SNARKs. Allal-a yettaǧǧa iseqdacen ad gen tinigawin war ma sbeggnen-d tansa n umceyyaɛ(amazan), tansa n unermas, neɣ azal n wedrim yettwaznen. == 1. Amezruy == Deg tazwara, asenfar-a yebda-d s yisem n Zerocash, d anadi ussnan i d-tessuffeɣ yiwet n terbaɛt n yimnadiyen deg wuḥric n tɣellist d tsenselkimt seg tesdawiyin timeqranin (am Johns Hopkins University, MIT, d Tel Aviv University). Bɣan ad sbedden tarrayt ara ifrun ugur n uḥraz n tbaḍnit yellan deg uzrar n yiḥedran n [[Bitcoin]], acku deg Bitcoin akked waṭas n yisuṛdiyen nniḍen, tilɣa n tnigawin d tansiwin d tizayeztin yerna yezmer yal yiwen ad tent-iẓer. Deg useggas n 2016, asenfar-a yuɣal d asuṛdi umḍin imzenzi s yisem n Zcash, ddaw n tmehla n Zooko Wilcox-O'Hearn. s1x99iih42i4tix1bmyy1ujhxgda9il