Wikipedia kabwiki https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asebter_agejdan MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.18 first-letter Media Uslig Mmeslay Amseqdac Amyannan umsqedac Wikipedia Amyannan n Wikipedia Tugna Amyannan n tugna MediaWiki Amyannan n MediaWiki Talɣa Amyannan n talɣa Tallat Amyannan n tallat Taggayt Amyannan n taggayt Awwur Amyannan uwwur Asenfaṛ Amyannan usenfaṛ TimedText TimedText talk Module Discussion module Event Event talk Sujet 0 23992 117334 110669 2026-09-08T10:57:06Z Gurzil90x 14292 seɣtiɣ kra n tucdiwin, syin arniɣ aḍris amaynut 117334 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Makrinus''' (s [[talatint]] : ''Marcus Opellius Severus Macrinus Augustus''), illul deg [[164]] deg [[Cercal]](deg Muriṭanya Taqayṣarit n tallit-nni), yemmut deg [[218]] deg [[Kalsiduni]], d amenkad [[Tamnekda Tarumanit|urumani]] seg [[217]] ar [[218]]<ref>{{Fr}} [https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/personnage/Macrin/130976 Macrin], deg ''larousse.fr''.</ref>. D amenkad amezwaru i d-yeḥkmen Tamnekda Tarumanit war ma yekka-d seg tserkamt n isinaṭuren<ref>{{En}} [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Macrinus Macrinus], deg ''britannica.com''.</ref>. == 1. Aẓar d temẓi-s == Ilul Makrinus deg temdint n Qayṣariya (Caesarea/Cercal n wass-a), tamanaɣt n temnaḍt tarumanit n Muriṭanya Taqayṣarit. Aẓar-is d amuri (amaziɣ azayku). Amezray arumani Kasyus Dyu (Cassius Dio) yura fell-as dakken yella d « amuri s uẓar », yerna yella yesɛa tameẓẓuɣt yettucebḥen s teḥnact(tettwafla) akken tella tansayt n yimawlan-is imaziɣen deg tallit-nni. Ɣas akken tawacult-is tella tettwassen deg temnaḍt-is maca ur telli ara seg twaculin timeqqranin n yisinaṭuren n Rum, tella teṭṭef amkan deg wannar n yimnayen (equites). Makrinus yeɣra mliḥ asaḍuf d tsekla, yuɣal d abugaṭu d amasnag n usaḍuf iǧehden. Tawzut-ya tessufeɣ-it-id ɣer tmuɣli n yimeqqranen n Rum. Deg tallit n umenkad amuri-afriqi [[Septimyus Severus]], Makrinus yeṭṭef ddeqs n yimukan ussiden deg tedbelt. Syin, deg tallit n [[Karakalla]] (mmi-s n Severus), yuɣal d aɣella n tɛessast tapriṭuryant (praefectus praetorio) deg useggas 212. D wagi i d aswir ɛlayen akk i yezmer ad t-yaweḍ yiwen ur nelli ara d asinaṭur. == Tizmilin == <references /> 5tohl37hxdw3saj88so30juiks028co 0 25559 117330 117323 2026-09-07T14:12:59Z Gurzil90x 14292 arniɣ ayen ilaqen 117330 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Leon Trotsky 1918 (3x4 rotated cropped b).jpg|vignette|Liyun Trutski.]] '''Liyun Trutski''' (s tarusit: Лев Давидович Троцкий), ilul s yisem n '''Lev Davidovič Bronstein''' ass n 7 wamber 1879 deg Yanovka (Ukrayin n tura) yerna yemmut ass n 21 ɣuct 1940 deg Coyoacán (tamurt n [[Miksik]]), d amgrawliw amarksi, d amseẓri asertan, d amaru yerna d amesertay [[Tadukli n Tegdudiwin Tinemlayin Tisuvyitiyin|asuvyati]]. Yella d yiwen seg yimḍebbren imeqqranen n Tegrawla n Tuber 1917 tama n [[Vladimir Lenin]]. D netta i d amesbeddi n Yigen Azeggwaɣ (Taredsa Tazeggaɣt) i yrebḥen amgaru aɣarim arusi (1917–1922). Deffir tmettant n Lenin, yerra iman-is d amgal ameqqran mgal [[Jozef Stalin|Josef Stalin]] d tbiṛuqṛasit tasuvyatit. Yettwanfa seg Tdukli Tasuvyatit deg useggas n 1929, yerna deg taggara yettwanɣa deg Miksik s ufus n yiwen n umeggi n temsulta tuffirt n Stalin. == Tudert-is == === 1. Temẓi d tazwara n umennuɣ === '''Lev Davidovič Bronstein''' ilul deg yiwet n twacult tayudayt n yimekkasen (ifellaḥen imerkantiyen) deg tmurt n Ukrayin (yellan imiren seddaw udabu n Tsar n Rrus. Segmi yella d ilemẓi deg tesdawit n Odesa, yebda yekccem deg yimussuyen igrawliwen. Deg useggas n 1898, yettwaṭṭef yerna yettwanfa ɣer Sibirya. Dinna i yefferfed isem-nniḍen « Trotsky » (isem n yiwen umḥebbus n temsulta deg temnaḍt n Odesa) i yuɣalen d isem-is n umgrawliw. Yerwel seg Sibirya deg 1902 ɣer Turuft Tutrimt, anda yemlal [[Vladimir Lenin]] deg Lundun. === 2. Tagrawla n 1905 d Tuber 1917 === Deg Tegrawla n 1905 di Rrus, Trutski yuɣal d aɣella n Usqamu n Yixeddamen n Petrograd (Soviet). Mi teɣli tegrawla-nni, yettwaḥkem fell-as s unfa s wudem imezgi ɣer Sibirya, maca yerwel tikkelt nniḍen. Deg useggas n 1917, mi d-teɣli tmenkda n Tsar, yuɣal-d ɣer Rrus. Yekcem ɣer Ukabar Abulcivik n Lenin. D netta i d amḍebber amezwaru i yheggan yerna yessewjed anekcum n yibulciviken ɣer udabu deg Tegrawla n Tuber 1917. === 3. Asbeddi n Yigen Azeggwaɣ d Umgaru Aɣarim === Seg 1918 ar 1925, Trutski yuɣal d Aneɣlaf n Yigen(Taredsa). D netta i d bab n usnulfu n Yigen Azeggwaɣ seg yilemẓiyen, ixeddamen d yifellaḥen. S tarrayin-ines yebnan ɣef tugrint d tseddarin deg uselḥu n iserdasen, yessekker-d yiwen yigen meqqren i yrebḥen amgaru aɣarim arusi mgal « Iserdasen Imellalen » (wid yebɣan ad d-yerr udabu n Tsar) d tezmert n tmura n beṛṛa. == Tanmegla mgal Stalin d Unfay == Mi yemmut [[Vladimir Lenin|Lenin]] deg 1924, tennulfa-d yiwet n tnemgla tameqqrant deg daxel n Ukabar. Trutski yella d aɣella n Tnemgla n Zelmaḍ: Trutski yella yettwali dakken tanemlayt ur tezmird ara ad tekker deg yiwet kan n tmurt (« Tagrawla tameɣlalt »). Stalin, seg tama-s, yessufeɣ-d tiẓri n « Tnemlayt deg yiwet n tmurt ». Stalin yezmer ad yeṭṭef akk allalen n udabu s usseqdec n tbiṛuqṛatit. Deg 1927, Trutski yettwakkes seg ukabar; deg 1929 yettwanfa seg Tdukli Tasuvyatit. Yezger seg tmurt ɣer tayeḍ: Turkiya, Fransa, Norvij, almi d taggara yufa asutel deg tmurt n Miksik deg 1937. bkqyfgbjjjonnencighhy7kv91ko7d7 0 25560 117331 117329 2026-09-07T16:55:04Z ButterflyOFF 8191 117331 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Rosa Luxemburg (cropped).jpg|vignette|Rosa Luxemburg.]] '''Rosa Luxemburg''' (isem-is amenzu s tpulunit: '''Rozalia Luksenburg'''; tlul ass n 5 meɣres 1871 deg Zamość deg [[Bulunda|Pulunya]] – tettwanɣa ass n 15 yennayer 1919 deg [[Berlin]] deg [[Lalman]]) d tameɣnast tasertant, d tameẓrayt tamarksant, d tamdamsant yerna d tafelsaft talmanit i d-yefrurin seg twacult tudayt tapulunit. Tella d yiwet gar tgejda timeqqranin n umussu anemlan agreɣlan. Tettwassen aṭas s tiktiwin-is ɣef tegrawla tanemlant, tugdut n yixeddamen d umennuɣ mgal [[asihri]], tamsardast d tmhersi. Tettekka deg usbeddi n Tidukla n Spartakus (Spartakusbund) akk d Ukabar Azduklan n Lalman (KPD). Tettwanɣa deg Berlin deg 1919 sɣur yiferdisen imsersiyen n Freikorps mi tfukk Tegrawla Taspartakist. 7v4jdv0asg3htiylns1ehpqbupu1v9g 117332 117331 2026-09-07T19:21:09Z Gurzil90x 14292 arniɣ ayen ilaqen 117332 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Rosa Luxemburg (cropped).jpg|vignette|Rosa Luxemburg.]] '''Rosa Luxemburg''' (isem-is amenzu s tpulunit: '''Rozalia Luksenburg'''; tlul ass n 5 meɣres 1871 deg Zamość deg [[Bulunda|Pulunya]] – tettwanɣa ass n 15 yennayer 1919 deg [[Berlin]] deg [[Lalman]]) d tameɣnast tasertant, d tameẓrayt tamarksant, d tamdamsant yerna d tafelsaft talmanit i d-yefrurin seg twacult tudayt tapulunit. Tella d yiwet gar tgejda timeqqranin n umussu anemlan agreɣlan. Tettwassen aṭas s tiktiwin-is ɣef tegrawla tanemlant, tugdut n yixeddamen d umennuɣ mgal [[asihri]], tamsardast d tmhersi. Tettekka deg usbeddi n Tidukla n Spartakus (Spartakusbund) akk d Ukabar Azduklan n Lalman (KPD). Tettwanɣa deg Berlin deg 1919 sɣur yiferdisen imsersiyen n Freikorps mi tfukk Tegrawla Taspartakist. == 1. Temẓi-s d ulmad == Tlul-d '''Rozalia Luksenburg''' deg temdint n Zamość (deg uḥric n Pulunya i yellan gar yifassen n Temnekda Tarusit). D taneggarut gar semmus n warraw n '''Eliasz Luxemburg''' d '''Line Löwenstein'''. Twacult-is tella tettmeslay talmanit d tepulunit, tesɛa timussniwin lqayen deg tsekla d tussna. Deg useggas n 1873, twacult-is tunag ɣer Varsovi (Warszawa). Deg useggas n 1887, Rosa Luxemburg tekfa leqraya-is deg uɣerbaz alemmas n tullas s yigmaḍ yufraren, maca ur as-fkin ara arraz n wureɣ acku tella tesɛa tiktiwin tasertanin mgal tagelda tarusit. Imi yella unagraw arusi yegdel tasertit ɣef yinelmaden, Rosa Luxemburg tettekka deg ukabar uffir n yixeddamen umi semman '''Proletariat'''. Deg useggas n 1889, mi d-tewweḍ tuggza fell-as sɣur temsulta tarusit, terwel ɣer tmurt n [[Taswist|Swis]] (Zurich). Deg Tesdawit n [[Zurix|Zurich]], teɣra tafelsaft, tamazrayt, tusniwin tinmettiyin d tdamsa. Deg useggas n 1897, Rosa tewwi turagt n duktura deg usaḍuf d tdamsa tasertant s usentel ɣef Taneflit Tamgurant n Pulunya (Die industrielle Entwicklung Polens), d ayen i d-yellan d asentel u taluft tamezwarut i tmeṭṭut deg tallit-nni. jak0w8u1ckdmc91lweylwpc3ug0nffw 117333 117332 2026-09-08T10:35:33Z Gurzil90x 14292 Arniɣ-d ayen ilaqen 117333 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Rosa Luxemburg (cropped).jpg|vignette|Rosa Luxemburg.]] '''Rosa Luxemburg''' (isem-is amenzu s tpulunit: '''Rozalia Luksenburg'''; tlul ass n 5 meɣres 1871 deg Zamość deg [[Bulunda|Pulunya]] – tettwanɣa ass n 15 yennayer 1919 deg [[Berlin]] deg [[Lalman]]) d tameɣnast tasertant, d tameẓrayt tamarksant, d tamdamsant yerna d tafelsaft talmanit i d-yefrurin seg twacult tudayt tapulunit. Tella d yiwet gar tgejda timeqqranin n umussu anemlan agreɣlan. Tettwassen aṭas s tiktiwin-is ɣef tegrawla tanemlant, tugdut n yixeddamen d umennuɣ mgal [[asihri]], tamsardast d tmhersi. Tettekka deg usbeddi n Tidukla n Spartakus (Spartakusbund) akk d Ukabar Azduklan n Lalman (KPD). Tettwanɣa deg Berlin deg 1919 sɣur yiferdisen imsersiyen n Freikorps mi tfukk Tegrawla Taspartakist. == 1. Temẓi-s d ulmad == Tlul-d '''Rozalia Luksenburg''' deg temdint n Zamość (deg uḥric n Pulunya i yellan gar yifassen n Temnekda Tarusit). D taneggarut gar semmus n warraw n '''Eliasz Luxemburg''' d '''Line Löwenstein'''. Twacult-is tella tettmeslay talmanit d tepulunit, tesɛa timussniwin lqayen deg tsekla d tussna. Deg useggas n 1873, twacult-is tunag ɣer Varsovi (Warszawa). Deg useggas n 1887, Rosa Luxemburg tekfa leqraya-is deg uɣerbaz alemmas n tullas s yigmaḍ yufraren, maca ur as-fkin ara arraz n wureɣ acku tella tesɛa tiktiwin tasertanin mgal tagelda tarusit. Imi yella unagraw arusi yegdel tasertit ɣef yinelmaden, Rosa Luxemburg tettekka deg ukabar uffir n yixeddamen umi semman '''Proletariat'''. Deg useggas n 1889, mi d-tewweḍ tuggza fell-as sɣur temsulta tarusit, terwel ɣer tmurt n [[Taswist|Swis]] (Zurich). Deg Tesdawit n [[Zurix|Zurich]], teɣra tafelsaft, tamazrayt, tusniwin tinmettiyin d tdamsa. Deg useggas n 1897, Rosa tewwi turagt n duktura deg usaḍuf d tdamsa tasertant s usentel ɣef Taneflit Tamgurant n Pulunya (Die industrielle Entwicklung Polens), d ayen i d-yellan d asentel u taluft tamezwarut i tmeṭṭut deg tallit-nni. == 2. Tudert tasertant == === Deg Pulunya === Deg useggas n 1893, tebda tikli-is tasertant s tlalit n Ukabar n Tugdut Tanemlant n Tgelda n Pulunya d Litwanya (SDKPiL). Deg ukabar-a, tella teṭṭef tamuɣli temgarad ɣef wid yebɣan timunent taɣelnawt n Pulunya; Luxemburg tura dakken amennuɣ ameqqran ilaq ad yili d amennuɣ n yixeddamen meṛṛa n Turuft (Tarusit, Talmanit, Tapulunit) mgal asihri, mačči d timunent yebnan ɣef tɣellist taɣelnawt. === Deg Lalman d Ukabar SPD === Deg 1898, Rosa Luxemburg tewwi taɣlent talmanit mi tezwaǧ s wudem n lekwaɣeḍ kan d Gustav Lübeck, dɣa tuzzel ɣer Berlin. Dinna, tekcem srid deg Ukabar Anemlan Amgudan n Lalman (SPD), i yellan d akabar anemlan ameqqran akk deg Umaḍal. Luxemburg tban-d s ufus ameqqran deg ufrag n yidles d teẓri. Deg useggas n 1899, tessufeɣ-d adlis-is yettwassnen aṭas: Tasemmeskelt tanmettit neɣ Tagrawla? (Sozialreform oder Revolution?). Deg udlis-a, terra s ufus aquran ɣef Eduard Bernstein, i yebɣan ad yerr tanemla d aṣegam kan n waddad asihran war tagrawla. Rosa Luxemburg twehha-d belli asihri ur yettbeddil ara s tsemmeskal timellilin kan, yerna tagrawla d tallelt tagejdant i wakken ixeddamen ad ṭṭfen adabu. kshkmft1csz1o7juoxklhn4aj17yjs5