Wikipedia kabwiki https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asebter_agejdan MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.18 first-letter Media Uslig Mmeslay Amseqdac Amyannan umsqedac Wikipedia Amyannan n Wikipedia Tugna Amyannan n tugna MediaWiki Amyannan n MediaWiki Talɣa Amyannan n talɣa Tallat Amyannan n tallat Taggayt Amyannan n taggayt Awwur Amyannan uwwur Asenfaṛ Amyannan usenfaṛ TimedText TimedText talk Module Discussion module Event Event talk Sujet 0 19116 117336 99392 2026-09-08T17:35:43Z Martin Macha 2111 10432 /* */ 117336 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ON infobox | Name = {{Isem s tutlayt tamaddudt|ar|الجمعية العامة للأمم المتحدة|italics=off}}<br />{{Isem s tutlayt tamaddudt|zh|联合国大会|italics=off}}<br />{{Isem s tutlayt tamaddudt|fr|Assemblée générale des Nations unies}}<br />{{Isem s tutlayt tamaddudt|ru|Генера́льная Ассамбле́я ООН}}<br />{{Isem s tutlayt tamaddudt|es|Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas}} | Tugna = UN General Assembly hall.jpg | Ableɣ n tugna = 250px | Awennit = Tazɣa n ugaraw amatu deg [[Asutel n Yiɣlanen Yeddukklen|usutel n Yiɣlanen Yeddukklen]] di [[New York]] | Talmest = Tuddsa tagejdant | Asegzel = ON | Amaray = [[Umuɣ n iselwayen n ugraw amatu n yeɣlanen yeddukklen|Aselway]] [[Khalilur Rahman]] | Addad = Amellil | Asbeddi = 1945 | Afukku = | Asutel = | Imsidgen = | Tansa n web = [https://web.archive.org/web/20190615022702/https://www.un.org/ga/ www.un.org/ga] | Tuddsa tayemmat = [[Tuddsa n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen]] | Tuddsiwin timdafarin = | Commons = United Nations General Assembly | Tamawin = }} '''Agraw amatu n yeɣlanen yeddukklen''' d yiwen gar 6 imeẓla igejdanen n [[Tuddsa n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen|Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen]], dɣa tga d tasudut tamyiwent anda yakk [[umuɣ n iwunak igmamen deg Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen|iwunak igmamen]] gdan (msawan) deg ugenses akken iga d ameẓlu agejdan i tmugri [[tasertit tazayezt|tsartit]] d ugenses g Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen. Tiwuriwin-is gant d amday ɣef [[umuɣ n umarud amatu|umarud]] n [[Tuddsa n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen|Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen]] d umager n illasen neɣ ineqqisen seg yimuren n iden n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen d tnefkiwt n isegdal s talɣa n [[taneɣtust n wegraw amatu n yeɣlanen yeddukklen|tneɣytust n wegraw amatu n yeɣlanen yeddukklen]]. Akken daɣen id tt-wesnulfan waṭas n imeẓla ifurkanen. Agraw amatu y-tt-msegraw yiwet n tikkelt yal aseggas s ddaw n tisselwit [[amaray amatu n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen|umaray-ines amatu]] g [[tadabut n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen|tdabut-is]] yellan di temdint n [[New York]] akken daɣan i zemrent ad ilin-t tɣimiyin timeslidin deg wakuden n iden aladɣa deg tegnatin timsarin. Ayli wis 4 n [[arkawal n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen|arkawal n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen]] yessenmalay-d (yett-beggin-d) tisgert-is d [[tawuri|twiriwin-is]] d tefranin-is d tsekkerin-is. Dɣa tiɣimit tamezwarut yakk n wegraw amatu yella-d ass n [[10 yennayer]] i wseggas n [[1946]] deg temdint n London s tihawt n igensasen n 51 n iwunak. Adɣar deg wegraw amatu d win yezzin ɣef tlufa yellumẓen (ihummen) iseɣlafen yeqqnen ar [[talwit|telwit]] d [[taɣellist|tɣellist]]. Deg iseggasen n 80, Agraw amatu yuɣal d annar i wdiwenni gar tmura n Ugafa d tid n unẓul. Amdya ɣef wanect-a d ameslay ɣef tlufa d tisra gar n [[Amadal amezwaru|tmura timugranin]] d [[Tamurt tamesneflalit|tmura timesnflalin]], Dɣa tilufa ayyi nnulfan-tt-d s usrag (s ssebba) n gemmu d usmeskel deg tsuddest n tegmant n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen anda deg useggas n 1945 llan dges anagar 51 n yigmamen ma d tura llant 193 n tmura d tigmamin gar-asent sin n ikṛaden (⅔) d timura timesnflalin annect-a yeǧǧa neɣ yefka tagnit i tmura ayyi ad grent ahil n wegraw amatu (s usexdem n tegrawin timsidag am [[tagrawt n 77|tegrawt n 77]]). == Tikkest tamazrayt == == Altaɣ == Llant 193 n iwunak igan d igmamen deg wegraw amatu. S tmernit ar wanect-a, Agraw amatu yezmer ad yefk aglam n umanay i kra n tuddsa tagreɣlant neɣ i kra n tmurt Ur nelli ara d agmam. == Ihilen == == Tineɣtas == == Tifranin == == Tiɣimiyin tusligin d timeslidin == == Tiɣimiyin timeslidin timsarin == == Imeẓla ifurkanen == == Tiɣimiyin n wegraw == == Iɣbula == == Ẓeṛ daɣen == [[Taggayt:Agraw amatu n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen]] [[Taggayt:Imeẓla n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen]] [[Taggayt:Iwunak igmamen deg Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen]] [[Taggayt:Tuddsiwin id yennulfan deg 1945]] [[Taggayt:Tisuda n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen]] 5kq10362308u7g6vd8bwg592a886ija 117337 117336 2026-09-08T17:38:04Z Martin Macha 2111 10432 /* */ 117337 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ON infobox | Name = {{Isem s tutlayt tamaddudt|ar|الجمعية العامة للأمم المتحدة|italics=off}}<br />{{Isem s tutlayt tamaddudt|zh|联合国大会|italics=off}}<br />{{Isem s tutlayt tamaddudt|fr|Assemblée générale des Nations unies}}<br />{{Isem s tutlayt tamaddudt|ru|Генера́льная Ассамбле́я ООН}}<br />{{Isem s tutlayt tamaddudt|es|Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas}} | Tugna = UN General Assembly hall.jpg | Ableɣ n tugna = 250px | Awennit = Tazɣa n ugaraw amatu deg [[Asutel n Yiɣlanen Yeddukklen|usutel n Yiɣlanen Yeddukklen]] di [[New York]] | Talmest = Tuddsa tagejdant | Asegzel = ON | Amaray = [[Khalilur Rahman]] | Addad = Amellil | Asbeddi = 1945 | Afukku = | Asutel = | Imsidgen = | Tansa n web = [https://web.archive.org/web/20190615022702/https://www.un.org/ga/ www.un.org/ga] | Tuddsa tayemmat = [[Tuddsa n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen]] | Tuddsiwin timdafarin = | Commons = United Nations General Assembly | Tamawin = }} '''Agraw amatu n yeɣlanen yeddukklen''' d yiwen gar 6 imeẓla igejdanen n [[Tuddsa n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen|Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen]], dɣa tga d tasudut tamyiwent anda yakk [[umuɣ n iwunak igmamen deg Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen|iwunak igmamen]] gdan (msawan) deg ugenses akken iga d ameẓlu agejdan i tmugri [[tasertit tazayezt|tsartit]] d ugenses g Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen. Tiwuriwin-is gant d amday ɣef [[umuɣ n umarud amatu|umarud]] n [[Tuddsa n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen|Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen]] d umager n illasen neɣ ineqqisen seg yimuren n iden n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen d tnefkiwt n isegdal s talɣa n [[taneɣtust n wegraw amatu n yeɣlanen yeddukklen|tneɣytust n wegraw amatu n yeɣlanen yeddukklen]]. Akken daɣen id tt-wesnulfan waṭas n imeẓla ifurkanen. Agraw amatu y-tt-msegraw yiwet n tikkelt yal aseggas s ddaw n tisselwit [[amaray amatu n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen|umaray-ines amatu]] g [[tadabut n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen|tdabut-is]] yellan di temdint n [[New York]] akken daɣan i zemrent ad ilin-t tɣimiyin timeslidin deg wakuden n iden aladɣa deg tegnatin timsarin. Ayli wis 4 n [[arkawal n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen|arkawal n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen]] yessenmalay-d (yett-beggin-d) tisgert-is d [[tawuri|twiriwin-is]] d tefranin-is d tsekkerin-is. Dɣa tiɣimit tamezwarut yakk n wegraw amatu yella-d ass n [[10 yennayer]] i wseggas n [[1946]] deg temdint n London s tihawt n igensasen n 51 n iwunak. Adɣar deg wegraw amatu d win yezzin ɣef tlufa yellumẓen (ihummen) iseɣlafen yeqqnen ar [[talwit|telwit]] d [[taɣellist|tɣellist]]. Deg iseggasen n 80, Agraw amatu yuɣal d annar i wdiwenni gar tmura n Ugafa d tid n unẓul. Amdya ɣef wanect-a d ameslay ɣef tlufa d tisra gar n [[Amadal amezwaru|tmura timugranin]] d [[Tamurt tamesneflalit|tmura timesnflalin]], Dɣa tilufa ayyi nnulfan-tt-d s usrag (s ssebba) n gemmu d usmeskel deg tsuddest n tegmant n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen anda deg useggas n 1945 llan dges anagar 51 n yigmamen ma d tura llant 193 n tmura d tigmamin gar-asent sin n ikṛaden (⅔) d timura timesnflalin annect-a yeǧǧa neɣ yefka tagnit i tmura ayyi ad grent ahil n wegraw amatu (s usexdem n tegrawin timsidag am [[tagrawt n 77|tegrawt n 77]]). == Tikkest tamazrayt == == Altaɣ == Llant 193 n iwunak igan d igmamen deg wegraw amatu. S tmernit ar wanect-a, Agraw amatu yezmer ad yefk aglam n umanay i kra n tuddsa tagreɣlant neɣ i kra n tmurt Ur nelli ara d agmam. == Ihilen == == Tineɣtas == == Tifranin == == Tiɣimiyin tusligin d timeslidin == == Tiɣimiyin timeslidin timsarin == == Imeẓla ifurkanen == == Tiɣimiyin n wegraw == == Iɣbula == == Ẓeṛ daɣen == [[Taggayt:Agraw amatu n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen]] [[Taggayt:Imeẓla n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen]] [[Taggayt:Iwunak igmamen deg Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen]] [[Taggayt:Tuddsiwin id yennulfan deg 1945]] [[Taggayt:Tisuda n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen]] ma8titmy6tmi3sixrp4z0nk3k4dh4yw 0 23992 117338 117334 2026-09-08T19:10:52Z Gurzil90x 14292 Arniɣ-d ayen ilaqen 117338 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Makrinus''' (s [[talatint]] : ''Marcus Opellius Severus Macrinus Augustus''), illul deg [[164]] deg [[Cercal]](deg Muriṭanya Taqayṣarit n tallit-nni), yemmut deg [[218]] deg [[Kalsiduni]], d amenkad [[Tamnekda Tarumanit|urumani]] seg [[217]] ar [[218]]<ref>{{Fr}} [https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/personnage/Macrin/130976 Macrin], deg ''larousse.fr''.</ref>. D amenkad amezwaru i d-yeḥkmen Tamnekda Tarumanit war ma yekka-d seg tserkamt n isinaṭuren<ref>{{En}} [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Macrinus Macrinus], deg ''britannica.com''.</ref>. == 1. Aẓar d temẓi-s == Ilul Makrinus deg temdint n Qayṣariya (Caesarea/Cercal n wass-a), tamanaɣt n temnaḍt tarumanit n Muriṭanya Taqayṣarit. Aẓar-is d amuri (amaziɣ azayku). Amezray arumani Kasyus Dyu (Cassius Dio) yura fell-as dakken yella d « amuri s uẓar », yerna yella yesɛa tameẓẓuɣt yettucebḥen s teḥnact(tettwafla) akken tella tansayt n yimawlan-is imaziɣen deg tallit-nni. Ɣas akken tawacult-is tella tettwassen deg temnaḍt-is maca ur telli ara seg twaculin timeqqranin n yisinaṭuren n Rum, tella teṭṭef amkan deg wannar n yimnayen (equites). Makrinus yeɣra mliḥ asaḍuf d tsekla, yuɣal d abugaṭu d amasnag n usaḍuf iǧehden. Tawzut-ya tessufeɣ-it-id ɣer tmuɣli n yimeqqranen n Rum. Deg tallit n umenkad amuri-afriqi [[Septimyus Severus]], Makrinus yeṭṭef ddeqs n yimukan ussiden deg tedbelt. Syin, deg tallit n [[Karakalla]] (mmi-s n Severus), yuɣal d aɣella n '''tɛessast tapriṭuryant''' (praefectus praetorio) deg useggas 212. D wagi i d aswir ɛlayen akk i yezmer ad t-yaweḍ yiwen ur nelli ara d asinaṭur. == 2. Asali ɣer unbaḍ akked tmenɣiwt n Karakalla == Ɣer taggara n unbaḍ n [[Karakalla]], tagnit teqqers gar-as d Makrinus. Kra n yisallen d tira wehhant-d dakken tella-d yiwet n teḥkayt taɣerfant gar medden i d-yennan Makrinus ad yaweḍ ad yeṭṭef amkan n umenkad. Makrinus yugad fell-as ad t-ineɣ Karakalla, acku amenkad-nni yella yettwassen s leqher d tenɣa n yal win i s-yeṭṭfen ccek. Deg tefsut n useggas 217, Karakalla yella deg ugmuḍ i wakken ad yennaɣ d Yiparten (Parthiens). Ass n 8 yebrir 217, mi yella Karakalla deg ubrid ɣer ufakan n waggur Luna ɣer tama n temdint n Karay (Carrhae), yiwen n userdas n tɛessast-is iwumi semman Julius Martialis yenɣa-t s tefrit. Martialis yettwanɣa deg umkan-nni, lameɛna d Makrinus i d-yessuddsen tanɣa-ya deffir usatal. Kraḍ(tlata) wussan deffir teqṣiṭ-a, ass n 11 yebrir 217, iserdasen bdan ttnadin win ara yeddmen amkan n unbaḍ. Makrinus yeffer ayen ixdem, yefka ulɣu i yiserdasen, dɣa ɣran-as d amenkad. Asqamu n yimɣaren deg Rum, ɣas akken wehmen mi walan anemhal ur nelli d asinaṭur yuɣal d amenkad, qeblen-t s lfeṛḥ acku kerhen tawaɣit n Karakalla. == Tizmilin == <references /> mjw4k8yc0tz4suthobokj3ds3gxzrct 117341 117338 2026-09-09T09:43:22Z Gurzil90x 14292 Arniɣ-d ayen ilaqen 117341 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Makrinus''' (s [[talatint]] : ''Marcus Opellius Severus Macrinus Augustus''), illul deg [[164]] deg [[Cercal]](deg Muriṭanya Taqayṣarit n tallit-nni), yemmut deg [[218]] deg [[Kalsiduni]], d amenkad [[Tamnekda Tarumanit|urumani]] seg [[217]] ar [[218]]<ref>{{Fr}} [https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/personnage/Macrin/130976 Macrin], deg ''larousse.fr''.</ref>. D amenkad amezwaru i d-yeḥkmen Tamnekda Tarumanit war ma yekka-d seg tserkamt n isinaṭuren<ref>{{En}} [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Macrinus Macrinus], deg ''britannica.com''.</ref>. == 1. Aẓar d temẓi-s == Ilul Makrinus deg temdint n Qayṣariya (Caesarea/Cercal n wass-a), tamanaɣt n temnaḍt tarumanit n Muriṭanya Taqayṣarit. Aẓar-is d amuri (amaziɣ azayku). Amezray arumani Kasyus Dyu (Cassius Dio) yura fell-as dakken yella d « amuri s uẓar », yerna yella yesɛa tameẓẓuɣt yettucebḥen s teḥnact(tettwafla) akken tella tansayt n yimawlan-is imaziɣen deg tallit-nni. Ɣas akken tawacult-is tella tettwassen deg temnaḍt-is maca ur telli ara seg twaculin timeqqranin n yisinaṭuren n Rum, tella teṭṭef amkan deg wannar n yimnayen (equites). Makrinus yeɣra mliḥ asaḍuf d tsekla, yuɣal d abugaṭu d amasnag n usaḍuf iǧehden. Tawzut-ya tessufeɣ-it-id ɣer tmuɣli n yimeqqranen n Rum. Deg tallit n umenkad amuri-afriqi [[Septimyus Severus]], Makrinus yeṭṭef ddeqs n yimukan ussiden deg tedbelt. Syin, deg tallit n [[Karakalla]] (mmi-s n Severus), yuɣal d aɣella n '''tɛessast tapriṭuryant''' (praefectus praetorio) deg useggas 212. D wagi i d aswir ɛlayen akk i yezmer ad t-yaweḍ yiwen ur nelli ara d asinaṭur. == 2. Asali ɣer unbaḍ akked tmenɣiwt n Karakalla == Ɣer taggara n unbaḍ n [[Karakalla]], tagnit teqqers gar-as d Makrinus. Kra n yisallen d tira wehhant-d dakken tella-d yiwet n teḥkayt taɣerfant gar medden i d-yennan Makrinus ad yaweḍ ad yeṭṭef amkan n umenkad. Makrinus yugad fell-as ad t-ineɣ Karakalla, acku amenkad-nni yella yettwassen s leqher d tenɣa n yal win i s-yeṭṭfen ccek. Deg tefsut n useggas 217, Karakalla yella deg ugmuḍ i wakken ad yennaɣ d Yiparten (Parthiens). Ass n 8 yebrir 217, mi yella Karakalla deg ubrid ɣer ufakan n waggur Luna ɣer tama n temdint n Karay (Carrhae), yiwen n userdas n tɛessast-is iwumi semman Julius Martialis yenɣa-t s tefrit. Martialis yettwanɣa deg umkan-nni, lameɛna d Makrinus i d-yessuddsen tanɣa-ya deffir usatal. Kraḍ(tlata) wussan deffir teqṣiṭ-a, ass n 11 yebrir 217, iserdasen bdan ttnadin win ara yeddmen amkan n unbaḍ. Makrinus yeffer ayen ixdem, yefka ulɣu i yiserdasen, dɣa ɣran-as d amenkad. Asqamu n yimɣaren deg Rum, ɣas akken wehmen mi walan anemhal ur nelli d asinaṭur yuɣal d amenkad, qeblen-t s lfeṛḥ acku kerhen tawaɣit n Karakalla. == 3. Tanbaḍt-is (217–218) == Tanbaḍt n Makrinus ur teqqim ara aṭas, teṭṭef kan azal n 14 n wayyuren, yerna ur yessaweḍ ara ad yerzef ɣer temdint n Rum di tudert-is n umenkad. === Tasertit n berra d yimenɣi d Yiparten === Mi yuli ɣer tenbaḍt, Makrinus yufa-d Tamenkda deg yimenɣi d ugellid n Yiparten, Artabanus IV. Deg unebdu n 217, iɣallen irumaniyen mlalen d Yiparten deg temsalt n Nisibis (Mesopotamya). Amennuɣ-a yeqqim kraḍ(tlata) wussan, ulac win yernan wayeḍ s wudem ibanen, maca mmuten aṭas n yiserdasen. Iwakken ad d-yerr talwit, Makrinus yeqbel ad ixleṣ asenduq n tedrimt ameqqran (azal n 200 n yimelyunen n yisestirsen) i Yiparten. Ɣas akken yekkes amennuɣ, tasertit-a tesserfa aṭas taserdast tarumanit, acku walan-tt d asexṣer n yiseɣ n Rum. === Uguren n tdamsa d yiserdasen === Karakalla yeǧǧa-d asenduq n tedrimt d ilem, acku yella yettak idrimen imeqqranen i yiserdasen. Makrinus yebɣa ad yesseɣti tdamsa s usenqes n lexlaṣ n yiserdasen imaynuten d usekref n yifuras-nsen. Aya yessaɣ times n lɣecc gar yiserdasen deg Surya, ugin leqwanin-is imaynuten. == Tizmilin == <references /> jhulas8tvkr2z3vksyi9rf5tymbz60g 0 25559 117335 117330 2026-09-08T13:53:33Z Gurzil90x 14292 arniɣ ayen ilaqen 117335 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Leon Trotsky 1918 (3x4 rotated cropped b).jpg|vignette|Liyun Trutski.]] '''Liyun Trutski''' (s tarusit: Лев Давидович Троцкий), ilul s yisem n '''Lev Davidovič Bronstein''' ass n 7 wamber 1879 deg Yanovka (Ukrayin n tura) yerna yemmut ass n 21 ɣuct 1940 deg Coyoacán (tamurt n [[Miksik]]), d amgrawliw amarksi, d amseẓri asertan, d amaru yerna d amesertay [[Tadukli n Tegdudiwin Tinemlayin Tisuvyitiyin|asuvyati]]. Yella d yiwen seg yimḍebbren imeqqranen n Tegrawla n Tuber 1917 tama n [[Vladimir Lenin]]. D netta i d amesbeddi n Yigen Azeggwaɣ (Taredsa Tazeggaɣt) i yrebḥen amgaru aɣarim arusi (1917–1922). Deffir tmettant n Lenin, yerra iman-is d amgal ameqqran mgal [[Jozef Stalin|Josef Stalin]] d tbiṛuqṛasit tasuvyatit. Yettwanfa seg Tdukli Tasuvyatit deg useggas n 1929, yerna deg taggara yettwanɣa deg Miksik s ufus n yiwen n umeggi n temsulta tuffirt n Stalin. == Tudert-is == === 1. Temẓi d tazwara n umennuɣ === '''Lev Davidovič Bronstein''' ilul deg yiwet n twacult tayudayt n yimekkasen (ifellaḥen imerkantiyen) deg tmurt n Ukrayin (yellan imiren seddaw udabu n Tsar n Rrus. Segmi yella d ilemẓi deg tesdawit n Odesa, yebda yekccem deg yimussuyen igrawliwen. Deg useggas n 1898, yettwaṭṭef yerna yettwanfa ɣer Sibirya. Dinna i yefferfed isem-nniḍen « Trotsky » (isem n yiwen umḥebbus n temsulta deg temnaḍt n Odesa) i yuɣalen d isem-is n umgrawliw. Yerwel seg Sibirya deg 1902 ɣer Turuft Tutrimt, anda yemlal [[Vladimir Lenin]] deg Lundun. === 2. Tagrawla n 1905 d Tuber 1917 === Deg Tegrawla n 1905 di Rrus, Trutski yuɣal d aɣella n Usqamu n Yixeddamen n Petrograd (Soviet). Mi teɣli tegrawla-nni, yettwaḥkem fell-as s unfa s wudem imezgi ɣer Sibirya, maca yerwel tikkelt nniḍen. Deg useggas n 1917, mi d-teɣli tmenkda n Tsar, yuɣal-d ɣer Rrus. Yekcem ɣer Ukabar Abulcivik n Lenin. D netta i d amḍebber amezwaru i yheggan yerna yessewjed anekcum n yibulciviken ɣer udabu deg Tegrawla n Tuber 1917. === 3. Asbeddi n Yigen Azeggwaɣ d Umgaru Aɣarim === Seg 1918 ar 1925, Trutski yuɣal d Aneɣlaf n Yigen(Taredsa). D netta i d bab n usnulfu n Yigen Azeggwaɣ seg yilemẓiyen, ixeddamen d yifellaḥen. S tarrayin-ines yebnan ɣef tugrint d tseddarin deg uselḥu n iserdasen, yessekker-d yiwen yigen meqqren i yrebḥen amgaru aɣarim arusi mgal « Iserdasen Imellalen » (wid yebɣan ad d-yerr udabu n Tsar) d tezmert n tmura n beṛṛa. == Tanmegla mgal Stalin d Unfay == Mi yemmut [[Vladimir Lenin|Lenin]] deg 1924, tennulfa-d yiwet n tnemgla tameqqrant deg daxel n Ukabar. Trutski yella d aɣella n Tnemgla n Zelmaḍ: Trutski yella yettwali dakken tanemlayt ur tezmird ara ad tekker deg yiwet kan n tmurt (« Tagrawla tameɣlalt »). Stalin, seg tama-s, yessufeɣ-d tiẓri n « Tnemlayt deg yiwet n tmurt ». Stalin yezmer ad yeṭṭef akk allalen n udabu s usseqdec n tbiṛuqṛatit. Deg 1927, Trutski yettwakkes seg ukabar; deg 1929 yettwanfa seg Tdukli Tasuvyatit. Yezger seg tmurt ɣer tayeḍ: Turkiya, Fransa, Norvij, almi d taggara yufa asutel deg tmurt n Miksik deg 1937. == Timenɣiwt-is == Ɣas akken yella mebɛid deg Miksik, Trutski yeqqim d aɛdaw amezwaru n Stalin. Deg usseggas n 1938, yessebded Tagraɣlant Tis Kuẓet (IVᵉ Internationale) iwakken ad yelli uzbu mgal adabu aɣrudan astalani d tfacist. Ass n 20 ɣuct 1940, Ramón Mercader, d yiwen n umeggi asuvyati n NKVD (tamsulta tuffirt n Stalin), yekcem ɣer wexxam n Trutski deg Coyoacán yerna yewwet-it s tqabact n wegris deg uqerru. Tutski yemmut azekka-nni ass n 21 ɣuct 1940. i98irkzglhockixqx9gr78zf99mwvai 0 25560 117339 117333 2026-09-08T19:28:37Z Gurzil90x 14292 arniɣ ayen ilaqen 117339 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Rosa Luxemburg (cropped).jpg|vignette|Rosa Luxemburg.]] '''Rosa Luxemburg''' (isem-is amenzu s tpulunit: '''Rozalia Luksenburg'''; tlul ass n 5 meɣres 1871 deg Zamość deg [[Bulunda|Pulunya]] – tettwanɣa ass n 15 yennayer 1919 deg [[Berlin]] deg [[Lalman]]) d tameɣnast tasertant, d tameẓrayt tamarksant, d tamdamsant yerna d tafelsaft talmanit i d-yefrurin seg twacult tudayt tapulunit. Tella d yiwet gar tgejda timeqqranin n umussu anemlan agreɣlan. Tettwassen aṭas s tiktiwin-is ɣef tegrawla tanemlant, tugdut n yixeddamen d umennuɣ mgal [[asihri]], tamsardast d tmhersi. Tettekka deg usbeddi n Tidukla n Spartakus (Spartakusbund) akk d Ukabar Azduklan n Lalman (KPD). Tettwanɣa deg Berlin deg 1919 sɣur yiferdisen imsersiyen n Freikorps mi tfukk Tegrawla Taspartakist. == 1. Temẓi-s d ulmad == Tlul-d '''Rozalia Luksenburg''' deg temdint n Zamość (deg uḥric n Pulunya i yellan gar yifassen n Temnekda Tarusit). D taneggarut gar semmus n warraw n '''Eliasz Luxemburg''' d '''Line Löwenstein'''. Twacult-is tella tettmeslay talmanit d tepulunit, tesɛa timussniwin lqayen deg tsekla d tussna. Deg useggas n 1873, twacult-is tunag ɣer Varsovi (Warszawa). Deg useggas n 1887, Rosa Luxemburg tekfa leqraya-is deg uɣerbaz alemmas n tullas s yigmaḍ yufraren, maca ur as-fkin ara arraz n wureɣ acku tella tesɛa tiktiwin tasertanin mgal tagelda tarusit. Imi yella unagraw arusi yegdel tasertit ɣef yinelmaden, Rosa Luxemburg tettekka deg ukabar uffir n yixeddamen umi semman '''Proletariat'''. Deg useggas n 1889, mi d-tewweḍ tuggza fell-as sɣur temsulta tarusit, terwel ɣer tmurt n [[Taswist|Swis]] (Zurich). Deg Tesdawit n [[Zurix|Zurich]], teɣra tafelsaft, tamazrayt, tusniwin tinmettiyin d tdamsa. Deg useggas n 1897, Rosa tewwi turagt n duktura deg usaḍuf d tdamsa tasertant s usentel ɣef Taneflit Tamgurant n Pulunya (Die industrielle Entwicklung Polens), d ayen i d-yellan d asentel u taluft tamezwarut i tmeṭṭut deg tallit-nni. == 2. Tudert tasertant == === Deg Pulunya === Deg useggas n 1893, tebda tikli-is tasertant s tlalit n Ukabar n Tugdut Tanemlant n Tgelda n Pulunya d Litwanya (SDKPiL). Deg ukabar-a, tella teṭṭef tamuɣli temgarad ɣef wid yebɣan timunent taɣelnawt n Pulunya; Luxemburg tura dakken amennuɣ ameqqran ilaq ad yili d amennuɣ n yixeddamen meṛṛa n Turuft (Tarusit, Talmanit, Tapulunit) mgal asihri, mačči d timunent yebnan ɣef tɣellist taɣelnawt. === Deg Lalman d Ukabar SPD === Deg 1898, Rosa Luxemburg tewwi taɣlent talmanit mi tezwaǧ s wudem n lekwaɣeḍ kan d Gustav Lübeck, dɣa tuzzel ɣer Berlin. Dinna, tekcem srid deg Ukabar Anemlan Amgudan n Lalman (SPD), i yellan d akabar anemlan ameqqran akk deg Umaḍal. Luxemburg tban-d s ufus ameqqran deg ufrag n yidles d teẓri. Deg useggas n 1899, tessufeɣ-d adlis-is yettwassnen aṭas: Tasemmeskelt tanmettit neɣ Tagrawla? (Sozialreform oder Revolution?). Deg udlis-a, terra s ufus aquran ɣef Eduard Bernstein, i yebɣan ad yerr tanemla d aṣegam kan n waddad asihran war tagrawla. Rosa Luxemburg twehha-d belli asihri ur yettbeddil ara s tsemmeskal timellilin kan, yerna tagrawla d tallelt tagejdant i wakken ixeddamen ad ṭṭfen adabu. == 3. Amgaru Amaḍlan Amezwaru d Tdukla n Spartakus == Mi d-yeffeɣ Umgaru Amaḍlan Amezwaru deg 1914, akabar n SPD yeqbel ad yefk tedrimt d lemɛawna i unabaḍ alemmas i wakken ad kecmen deg umgaru. Rosa Luxemburg d Karl Liebknecht gullen ur qbilen ara tikli-a, acku ɣur-sen, amgaru-a d timenɣiwt gar yixeddamen n umaḍal i lmenfeɛt n yimsihranen d tmhersit. Seg waya, fkan afus deg usbeddi n umussu amgal-amserdas umi semman Tadukla n Spartakus (Spartakusbund). S lebɣi n usebded n umgaru, Luxemburg tura imagraden d yidlisen s uffir. Ɣef waya, unabaḍ alemmas yewwi-tt ɣer lḥebs acḥal n tikkal gar 1915 d 1918. Deg lḥebs, tura adlis-is mucaɛen s yisem nniḍenc: Aḍris n Junius (Junius-Broschüre), ideg tenna-d: '''« Tanemla neɣ tabarbarit » (Sozialismus oder Barbarei).''' du55cs4rvthlrj9q2485pv3incymf6l 117340 117339 2026-09-09T09:37:58Z Gurzil90x 14292 Arniɣ-d ayen ilaqen 117340 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Rosa Luxemburg (cropped).jpg|vignette|Rosa Luxemburg.]] '''Rosa Luxemburg''' (isem-is amenzu s tpulunit: '''Rozalia Luksenburg'''; tlul ass n 5 meɣres 1871 deg Zamość deg [[Bulunda|Pulunya]] – tettwanɣa ass n 15 yennayer 1919 deg [[Berlin]] deg [[Lalman]]) d tameɣnast tasertant, d tameẓrayt tamarksant, d tamdamsant yerna d tafelsaft talmanit i d-yefrurin seg twacult tudayt tapulunit. Tella d yiwet gar tgejda timeqqranin n umussu anemlan agreɣlan. Tettwassen aṭas s tiktiwin-is ɣef tegrawla tanemlant, tugdut n yixeddamen d umennuɣ mgal [[asihri]], tamsardast d tmhersi. Tettekka deg usbeddi n Tidukla n Spartakus (Spartakusbund) akk d Ukabar Azduklan n Lalman (KPD). Tettwanɣa deg Berlin deg 1919 sɣur yiferdisen imsersiyen n Freikorps mi tfukk Tegrawla Taspartakist. == 1. Temẓi-s d ulmad == Tlul-d '''Rozalia Luksenburg''' deg temdint n Zamość (deg uḥric n Pulunya i yellan gar yifassen n Temnekda Tarusit). D taneggarut gar semmus n warraw n '''Eliasz Luxemburg''' d '''Line Löwenstein'''. Twacult-is tella tettmeslay talmanit d tepulunit, tesɛa timussniwin lqayen deg tsekla d tussna. Deg useggas n 1873, twacult-is tunag ɣer Varsovi (Warszawa). Deg useggas n 1887, Rosa Luxemburg tekfa leqraya-is deg uɣerbaz alemmas n tullas s yigmaḍ yufraren, maca ur as-fkin ara arraz n wureɣ acku tella tesɛa tiktiwin tasertanin mgal tagelda tarusit. Imi yella unagraw arusi yegdel tasertit ɣef yinelmaden, Rosa Luxemburg tettekka deg ukabar uffir n yixeddamen umi semman '''Proletariat'''. Deg useggas n 1889, mi d-tewweḍ tuggza fell-as sɣur temsulta tarusit, terwel ɣer tmurt n [[Taswist|Swis]] (Zurich). Deg Tesdawit n [[Zurix|Zurich]], teɣra tafelsaft, tamazrayt, tusniwin tinmettiyin d tdamsa. Deg useggas n 1897, Rosa tewwi turagt n duktura deg usaḍuf d tdamsa tasertant s usentel ɣef Taneflit Tamgurant n Pulunya (Die industrielle Entwicklung Polens), d ayen i d-yellan d asentel u taluft tamezwarut i tmeṭṭut deg tallit-nni. == 2. Tudert tasertant == === Deg Pulunya === Deg useggas n 1893, tebda tikli-is tasertant s tlalit n Ukabar n Tugdut Tanemlant n Tgelda n Pulunya d Litwanya (SDKPiL). Deg ukabar-a, tella teṭṭef tamuɣli temgarad ɣef wid yebɣan timunent taɣelnawt n Pulunya; Luxemburg tura dakken amennuɣ ameqqran ilaq ad yili d amennuɣ n yixeddamen meṛṛa n Turuft (Tarusit, Talmanit, Tapulunit) mgal asihri, mačči d timunent yebnan ɣef tɣellist taɣelnawt. === Deg Lalman d Ukabar SPD === Deg 1898, Rosa Luxemburg tewwi taɣlent talmanit mi tezwaǧ s wudem n lekwaɣeḍ kan d Gustav Lübeck, dɣa tuzzel ɣer Berlin. Dinna, tekcem srid deg Ukabar Anemlan Amgudan n Lalman (SPD), i yellan d akabar anemlan ameqqran akk deg Umaḍal. Luxemburg tban-d s ufus ameqqran deg ufrag n yidles d teẓri. Deg useggas n 1899, tessufeɣ-d adlis-is yettwassnen aṭas: Tasemmeskelt tanmettit neɣ Tagrawla? (Sozialreform oder Revolution?). Deg udlis-a, terra s ufus aquran ɣef Eduard Bernstein, i yebɣan ad yerr tanemla d aṣegam kan n waddad asihran war tagrawla. Rosa Luxemburg twehha-d belli asihri ur yettbeddil ara s tsemmeskal timellilin kan, yerna tagrawla d tallelt tagejdant i wakken ixeddamen ad ṭṭfen adabu. == 3. Amgaru Amaḍlan Amezwaru d Tdukla n Spartakus == Mi d-yeffeɣ Umgaru Amaḍlan Amezwaru deg 1914, akabar n SPD yeqbel ad yefk tedrimt d lemɛawna i '''unabaḍ alemmas''' i wakken ad kecmen deg umgaru. Rosa Luxemburg d Karl Liebknecht gullen ur qbilen ara tikli-a, acku ɣur-sen, amgaru-a d timenɣiwt gar yixeddamen n umaḍal i lmenfeɛt n yimsihranen d tmhersit. Seg waya, fkan afus deg usbeddi n umussu amgal-amserdas umi semman Tadukla n Spartakus (Spartakusbund). S lebɣi n usebded n umgaru, Luxemburg tura imagraden d yidlisen s uffir. Ɣef waya, unabaḍ alemmas yewwi-tt ɣer lḥebs acḥal n tikkal gar 1915 d 1918. Deg lḥebs, tura adlis-is mucaɛen s yisem nniḍenc: Aḍris n Junius (Junius-Broschüre), ideg tenna-d: '''« Tanemla neɣ tabarbarit » (Sozialismus oder Barbarei).''' == 4. Tagrawla talmanit d tmenɣiwt-is == Deg wambir 1918, tagrawla tekker-d deg Lalman, dɣa anabaḍ yeldi tiwwura n lḥebs, Rosa Luxemburg teffeɣ-d. Deg taggara n useggas-nni (30 dujamber 1918 – 1 yennayer 1919), nettat d Karl Liebknecht d yimdukkal-nsen sbedden '''Akabar Azduklan n Lalman''' (KPD). Deg yennayer 1919, tekker yiwet n tegrawla taspartakist n yixeddamen deg [[Berlin]]. Ɣas akken Luxemburg twala tagrawla-nni tewweḍ-d uqbel lawan yerna tenwa ur tezmire ara ad terbeḥ, tbedd ɣer yidis n yixeddamen d ugdud. '''Anabaḍ alemmas n Friedrich Ebert (SPD)''' yuzen iɣallen n tserdast d yiferdisen n Freikorps akken ad snegren agrawliw-a. Ass n 15 yennayer 1919, Rosa Luxemburg d Karl Liebknecht ṭṭfen-ten yiserdasen n Freikorps deg Berlin. Sskecmen-ten ɣer usensu n Eden, fkan-asen tiytiwin qessiḥen, syin nɣan-ten. Tafekka n Rosa Luxemburg ḍeggren-tt ɣer wanu/targa n Landwehrkanal; ur d-tban ara alamma d ass n 31 mayyu 1919. Meḍlen-tt deg temqebrt n Friedrichsfelde deg Berlin. ezi88bg5kgm4endama00nle30qgfzyo