Wikipedia kabwiki https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asebter_agejdan MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.20 first-letter Media Uslig Mmeslay Amseqdac Amyannan umsqedac Wikipedia Amyannan n Wikipedia Tugna Amyannan n tugna MediaWiki Amyannan n MediaWiki Talɣa Amyannan n talɣa Tallat Amyannan n tallat Taggayt Amyannan n taggayt Awwur Amyannan uwwur Asenfaṛ Amyannan usenfaṛ TimedText TimedText talk Module Discussion module Event Event talk Sujet 0 4985 117473 108537 2026-09-23T13:07:35Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 17168 117473 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Roger Federer''' d amyurar n waddal n [[Tennis]] tmurt [[Taswist]], ilul ass n 8 ɣuct 1981 di temdint n [[Bazel]]. Yebda yetturar d trebbut (terbaɛt) tameqqṛant aseggas n 1998 , yewwi ideg amenzu n ubellez n ATP azal n 237 imalas yemsedfaren (285 alammi d 6 Yunyu 2010). Ass n 8 Yulyu 2012, yewwi tadwilt n Wimbledon i tikkelt tis sat (7), yeqḍa-d amyurar [[Pete Sampras]] deg umḍan n tedwilin n Wimbledon i yewwi akked imalas i yella di tqacucut n ubellez n ATP (Imalas wis 286). Yewwi ar assa 77 izwilen, gar-asen 23 imeqqṛanen (17 n Grand Chelems d 6 teqbucin n Masters) d 20 n Masters 1000. Yewwi kuẓ (4) n telɣuɣa n Grand Chelem i yellan deg umaḍal, win n Melburn di [[Ustralya]], win n RG di lpari tamurt n [[Fṛansa]], win n Wimbledon di tmurt n [[Lengliz]], win Flushing meadows di [[Marikan|Timura Yedduklen n Marikan]]. Deg ubellez n ''Sports Illustrated'' n useggas 2010, Roger Federer yella-d d anadal wis sin yettxelliṣen aṭas n yedrimen deffir [[Tiger Woods]] imi yeṣṣaweḍ ar assa azal n 72 Ifeḍ n dullar deg izwilen yark i yurar. == Tameddurt == [[Tugna:Federer.jpg|thumb|upright|Roǧer Federer di [[Masters n Sinsinati 2005|Masters n Sinsinati]]]] Ilul Roger Federer ass n 8 ɣuct 1981 di temdint n [[Bazel]], yemma-s, Lynete n [[Tafriqt n Unẓul|tefriqt n wenẓul]], ma d baba-s d aswisit, Robert. Isin yid-sen xedmen di taɣult n [[Tanesfarit|tnesfarit]]. Roger d weltma-s tameqqṛant Diana idiren di temẓi-nsen di [[Münchenstein]] Taswist Talmanit. Tura Roger yettidir di [[Wollerau]], tama n [[Schwytz]], netta d tmeṭṭut-is Mirka d yessi-s takniwin Myla Rose d Charlene Riva. Yesɛa tanaslit Taswisit d tin n tefriqt n Unẓul. Di temẓis Roger Federer yetturar daɣen ddabax uḍar, yella yezweṛ s waṭas, maca d addal n [[Tennis]] i yefren mi yella di Tam (8) iseggasen di lɛemṛis, ɣas akken mazal-it yeṭṭafaṛ ar assa u iḥemmel aṭas tarbaɛt n ddabax uḍar n [[FC Bâle]]. == Amecwaṛ == {| bgcolor="#f7f8ff" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 90%; border: gray solid 1px; border-collapse: collapse;" |+ Tamhazt ines deg ubellez n [[ATP]] |-bgcolor="#CCCCCC" |align="center" width="40px"|'''Asegwas''' |align="center" width="40px" bgcolor="#DFDFDF"| '''[[Dduṛt 1998 n ATP|1998]]''' |align="center" width="40px" bgcolor="#DFDFDF"| '''[[Dduṛt 1999 n ATP|1999]]''' |align="center" width="40px" bgcolor="#DFDFDF"| '''[[Dduṛt 2000 n ATP|2000]]''' |align="center" width="40px" bgcolor="#DFDFDF"| '''[[Dduṛt 2001 n ATP|2001]]''' |align="center" width="40px" bgcolor="#DFDFDF"| '''[[Dduṛt 2002 n ATP|2002]]''' |align="center" width="40px" bgcolor="#DFDFDF"| '''[[Dduṛt 2003 n ATP|2003]]''' |align="center" width="40px" bgcolor="#DFDFDF"| '''[[Dduṛt 2004 n ATP|2004]]''' |align="center" width="40px" bgcolor="#DFDFDF"| '''[[Dduṛt 2005 n ATP|2005]]''' |align="center" width="40px" bgcolor="#DFDFDF"| '''[[Dduṛt 2006 n ATP|2006]]''' |align="center" width="40px" bgcolor="#DFDFDF"| '''[[Dduṛt 2007 n ATP|2007]]''' |align="center" width="40px" bgcolor="#DFDFDF"| '''[[Dduṛt 2008 n ATP|2008]]''' |align="center" width="40px" bgcolor="#DFDFDF"| '''[[Dduṛt 2009 n ATP|2009]]''' |align="center" width="40px" bgcolor="#DFDFDF"| '''[[Dduṛt 2010 n ATP|2010]]''' |align="center" width="40px" bgcolor="#DFDFDF"| '''[[Dduṛt 2011 n ATP|2011]]''' |align="center" width="40px" bgcolor="#DFDFDF"| '''[[Dduṛt 2012 n ATP|2012]]''' |align="center" width="40px" bgcolor="#DFDFDF"| '''[[Dduṛt 2013 n ATP|2013]]''' |-bgcolor="#CCCCCC" |align="center" width="40px"| '''Adras''' |align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"| 301 |align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"| 64 |align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"| 29 |align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"| 13 |align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"| 6 |align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"| 2 |align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"| '''1''' |align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"| '''1''' |align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"| '''1''' |align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"| '''1''' |align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"| 2 |align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"| '''1''' |align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"| 2 |align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"| 3 |align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"| '''2''' | |-bgcolor="#CCCCCC" |align="center" width="40px"| '''tirennawtin di telɣuɣa''' |align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"| 0 |align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"| 0 |align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"| 0 |align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"| 1 |align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"| 3 |align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"| 7 |align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"| 11 |align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"| 11 |align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"| 12 |align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"| 8 |align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"| 4 |align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"| 4 |align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"| 5 |align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"| 4 |align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"| 4 |align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"| 1 |} === Amazray n unaddal === [[Tugna:Federer at Indian Wells.jpg|thumb|upright|Roger Federer di Masters n Indian Wells 2008 en]] Roger Federer yeḥrez-d ar assa 75 azwilen deg ufrari d 8 (Tam) deg uslig irgazen. Yewwi azwel-ines amenzu aseggas n 2001, di dduṛt n Milan (indoor). Seg imir-nni yewwi 17 n tdurtin n Grand Chelem di 5 (sam) n tesniwin yemgaraden (si Talɣuɣa n [[Wimbledon]] 2003 ḥalarmi Talɣuɣa n [[Wimbledon]] 2012. Ala netta i iḥerzen azal n 6 sed n teqbucin n ''[[Masters n tennis n yargazen|Masters Cup]]'' (2003, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2010 d 2011) d wazal n 20 azwilen n ''[[Masters 1000]]''. Aseggas n 2008 yewwi tazalɣi n uleɣ di talɣuɣa uslig n yargazen deg uraren ulampik n wezɣal 2008 di Pekin, akked umyurar [[Stanislas Wawrinka]], asegwas n 2012 yewwi amḍiq wissin deg uraren ulampic n Londres mi yexṣer di tagara tedwilt aked Andy Murray. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ amecwaṛ di Grand Chelem, Masters d uraren ulampik |- style="text-align:center" ! Asegwas ! [[Tasemhuyt 1999 n ATP|1999]] ! [[Tasemhuyt 2000 n ATP|2000]] ! [[Tasemhuyt 2001 n ATP|2001]] ! [[Tasemhuyt 2002 n ATP|2002]] ! [[Tasemhuyt 2003 n ATP|2003]] ! [[Tasemhuyt 2004 n ATP|2004]] ! [[Tasemhuyt 2005 n ATP|2005]] ! [[Tasemhuyt 2006 n ATP|2006]] ! [[Tasemhuyt 2007 n ATP|2007]] ! [[Tasemhuyt 2008 n ATP|2008]] ! [[Tasemhuyt 2009 n ATP|2009]] ! [[Tasemhuyt 2010 n ATP|2010]] ! [[Tasemhuyt 2011 n ATP|2011]] ! [[Tasemhuyt 2012 n ATP|2012]] ! [[Tasemhuyt 2013 n ATP|2013]] |- style="text-align:center" ! [[Open n lustṛali]] | - | style="background:#afeeee;" | 1/16 si Tagara | style="background:#afeeee;" | 1/16 si Tagara | style="background:#6699ff;" | 1/8 si Tagara | style="background:#6699ff;" | 1/8 si Tagara | style="background:#a0e75a;" | '''Tarennawt''' | style="background:#f0e68c;" | 1/2 si Tagara | style="background:#a0e75a;" | '''Tarennawt''' | style="background:#a0e75a;" | '''Tarennawt''' | style="background:#f0e68c;" | 1/2 si Tagara | style="background:#fa8072;" | tagara | style="background:#a0e75a;" | '''Tarennawt''' | style="background:#f0e68c;" | 1/2 si Tagara | style="background:#f0e68c;" | 1/2 si Tagara | style="background:#f0e68c;" | 1/2 si Tagara |- style="text-align:center" ! Igraɣlanen n Fṛansa [[Roland-Garros]] | style="background:#cce6ff;" | 1/64 si Tagara | style="background:#6699ff;" | 1/8 si Tagara | style="background:#ffdead;" | 1/4 si Tagara | style="background:#cce6ff;" | 1/64 si Tagara | style="background:#cce6ff;" | 1/64 si Tagara | style="background:#afeeee;" | 1/16 si Tagara | style="background:#f0e68c;" | 1/2 si Tagara | style="background:#fa8072;" | Tagara | style="background:#fa8072;" | Tagara | style="background:#fa8072;" | Tagara | style="background:#a0e75a;" | '''Tarennawt''' | style="background:#ffdead;" | 1/4 si Tagara | style="background:#fa8072;" | Tagara | style="background:#f0e68c;" | 1/2 si Tagara | style="background:#ffdead;" | 1/4 si Tagara |- style="text-align:center" ! [[Talɣuɣa n Wimbledon|Wimbledon]] | style="background:#cce6ff;" | 1/64 si Tagara | style="background:#cce6ff;" | 1/64 si Tagara | style="background:#ffdead;" | 1/4 si Tagara | style="background:#cce6ff;" | 1/64 si Tagara | style="background:#a0e75a;" | '''Tarennawt''' | style="background:#a0e75a;" | '''Tarennawt''' | style="background:#a0e75a;" | '''Tarennawt''' | style="background:#a0e75a;" | '''Tarennawt''' | style="background:#a0e75a;" | '''Tarennawt''' | style="background:#fa8072;" | Tagara | style="background:#a0e75a;" | '''Tarennawt''' | style="background:#ffdead;" | 1/4 si Tagara | style="background:#ffdead;" | 1/4 si Tagara | style="background:#a0e75a;" | '''Tarennawt''' | style="background:#cce6ff;" | 1/64 si Tagara |- style="text-align:center" ! [[US Open n tennis|US Open]] | - | style="background:#afeeee;" | 1/16 si Tagara | style="background:#6699ff;" | 1/8 si Tagara | style="background:#6699ff;" | 1/8 si Tagara | style="background:#6699ff;" | 1/8 si Tagara | style="background:#a0e75a;" | '''Tarennawt''' | style="background:#a0e75a;" | '''Tarennawt''' | style="background:#a0e75a;" | '''Tarennawt''' | style="background:#a0e75a;" | '''Tarennawt''' | style="background:#a0e75a;" | '''Tarennawt''' | style="background:#fa8072;" | Tagara | style="background:#f0e68c;" | 1/2 si Tagara | style="background:#f0e68c;" | 1/2 si Tagara | style="background:#ffdead;" | 1/4 si Tagara | || |- style="text-align:center" ! [[taqvuct n Masters tennis n-irgazen|Masters Cup]] | - | - | - | style="background:#f0e68c;" | 1/2 si Tagara | style="background:#a0e75a;" | '''Tarennawt''' | style="background:#a0e75a;" | '''Tarennawt''' | style="background:#fa8072;" | Tagara | style="background:#a0e75a;" | '''Tarennawt''' | style="background:#a0e75a;" | '''Tarennawt''' | style="background:#cce6ff;" | RR | style="background:#f0e68c;" | 1/2 si Tagara | style="background:#a0e75a;" | '''Tarennawt''' | style="background:#a0e75a;" | '''Tarennawt''' | style="background:#fa8072;" | Tagara | || |- style="text-align:center" ! Tennis deg Uraren Ulampik n wezɣal | - | style="background:#f0e68c;" | wis 4 | - | - | - | style="background:#afeeee;" | 2T | - | - | - | style="background:#ffdead;" | 1/4 | - | - | - | - || |} {| class="wikitable centre" style="font-size: 90%" |+ '''azwilen deg afrari''' |----- ! Taggayt !! Aquṛan !! Akal !! Tuga !! Asemlal !! Aɣrud |----- align=center bgcolor=#ffc87a ! style="text-align:left"|Grand Chelem | 9 || 1 || 7 || - || '''17''' |----- align=center bgcolor=#ffff5b ! style="text-align:left"|''Masters Cup'' | 6 || - || - || 0 || '''6''' |----- align=center bgcolor=#FFECB2 ! style="text-align:left"|''Masters 1000'' | 14 || 7 || - || 0 || '''21''' |----- align=center bgcolor=#ECECEC ! style="text-align:left"|''ATP 500 Series'' | 12 || 0 || 0 || || '''12''' |----- align=center bgcolor=#FFFFFF ! style="text-align:left"|''ATP 250 Series'' | 10 || 3 || 6 || 2 || '''21''' |----- align=center bgcolor=#FFFFCC ! style="text-align:left"|Aɣrud | '''51''' || '''10''' || '''13''' || '''2''' || '''77''' |} {| class="wikitable centre" style="font-size: 90%" |+ '''Tilɣuɣa i yexṣer di taggara''' |----- ! Catégorie !! Aquṛan !! Akal !! Tuga !! Asemlal !! Aɣrud |----- align=center bgcolor=#ffc87a ! style="text-align:left"|Grand Chelem | 2 || 4 || 1 || - || '''7''' |----- align=center bgcolor=#ffff5b ! style="text-align:left"|''Masters Cup'' | 1 || - || - || 1 || '''2''' |----- align=center bgcolor=#FFECB2 ! style="text-align:left"|''Masters 1000'' | 5 || 8 || - || 0 || '''13''' |----- align=center bgcolor=#ECECEC ! style="text-align:left"|''ATP 500 Series'' | 4 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''4''' |----- align=center bgcolor=#FFFFFF ! style="text-align:left"|''ATP 250 Series'' | 2 || 1 || 3 || 3 || '''9''' |----- align=center bgcolor=#FFFFCC ! style="text-align:left"|Total | '''14''' || '''13''' || '''4''' || '''4''' || '''35''' |} === Amecwaṛ ines di [[Grand Chelem n tennis|Grand Chelem]] === {| bgcolor="#f7f8ff" border="0" align="left" style="border: 1px solid #999; background-color:#FFFFFF; text-align:center" |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" ! width="60"|Année ! width="135"|[[Open n lustṛali]] ! width="135"|Igraɣlanen n Fṛansa n tennis [[Roland-Garros]] ! width="135"|Talɣuɣa n Wimbledon [[Wimbledon]] ! width="135"|US Open n tennis [[US Open]] |- align="center" | [[Tasemhuyt 1999 n ATP|1999]] || - || style="background:#cce6ff;"| Ddurt tamzwarut <br /> <small>AUS [[Patrick Rafter]]</small>|| style="background:#cce6ff;"| Ddurt tamzwarut <br /> <small>TCH [[Jiří Novák (tennis)|Jiří Novák]]</small> || - |- align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | [[Tasemhuyt 2000 n ATP|2000]] || bgcolor="afeeee"| Ddurt tis kraḍ 1/16 <br /> <small>FR [[Arnaud Clément]]</small> || style="background:#6699FF;"| Ddurt tis kuz 1/8 <br /> <small>ESP [[Àlex Corretja]]</small> || style="background:#cce6ff;"| Ddurt tamzwarut <br /> <small>RUS [[Ievgueni Kafelnikov]]</small> || bgcolor="afeeee"| Ddurt tis kraḍ 1/16 <br /> <small>ESP [[Juan Carlos Ferrero]]</small> |- align="center" | [[Tasemhuyt 2001 n ATP|2001]] || bgcolor="afeeee"| Ddurt tis kraḍ 1/16 <br /> <small>FRA [[Arnaud Clément]] </small> || style="background:#FFDEAD"| 1/4 si tagara <br /> <small>ESP [[Àlex Corretja]]</small> || style="background:#FFDEAD"| Ddurt tis kuz 1/8 <br /> <small>GBR [[Tim Henman]]</small> || style="background:#6699FF;"| Ddurt tis kuz 1/8 <br /> <small>USA [[Andre Agassi]]</small> |- align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | [[Tasemhuyt 2002 n ATP|2002]] || style="background:#6699FF;"| Ddurt tis kuz 1/8 <br /> <small>GER [[Tommy Haas]] </small> || style="background:#cce6ff;"| Ddurt tamzwarut <br /> <small>MAR [[Hicham Arazi]]</small> || style="background:#cce6ff;"| Ddurt tamzwarut <br /> <small>CRO [[Mario Ančić]]</small> || style="background:#6699FF;"| Ddurt tis kuz 1/8 <br /> <small>BLR [[Max Mirnyi]]</small> |- align="center" | [[Tasemhuyt 2003 n ATP|2003]] || style="background:#6699FF;"| Ddurt tis kuz 1/8 <br /> <small>ARG [[David Nalbandian]] </small> || style="background:#cce6ff;"| Ddurt tamzwarut <br /> <small>PER [[Luis Horna]] </small> || style="background:#00ff00;"| '''Yarvaḥ''' <br /> <small>AUS [[Mark Philippoussis]]</small> || style="background:#6699FF;"| Ddurt tis kuz 1/8 <br /> <small>ARG [[David Nalbandian]]</small> |- align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | [[Tasemhuyt 2004 n ATP|2004]] || style="background:#00ff00;"| '''Yarvaḥ''' <br /> <small>RUS [[Marat Safin]]</small> || bgcolor="afeeee"| Ddurt tis kraḍ 1/16 <br /> <small>BRA [[Gustavo Kuerten]]</small>|| style="background:#00ff00;"| '''Yarvaḥ''' <br /> <small>USA [[Andy Roddick]]</small> || style="background:#00ff00;"| '''Yarvaḥ''' <br /> <small>AUS [[Lleyton Hewitt]]</small> |- align="center" | [[Tasemhuyt 2005 n ATP|2005]] || style="background:yellow;"| 1/2 si tagara <br /> <small>RUS [[Marat Safin]]</small> || style="background:yellow;"| 1/2 si tagara <br /> <small>ESP [[Rafael Nadal]] </small>|| style="background:#00ff00;"| '''Yarvaḥ''' <br /> <small>USA [[Andy Roddick]]</small> || style="background:#00ff00;"| '''Yarvaḥ''' <br /> <small>USA [[Andre Agassi]]</small> |- align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | [[Tasemhuyt 2006 n ATP|2006]] || style="background:#00ff00;"| '''Yarvaḥ''' <br /> <small>CYP [[Márcos Baghdatís]]</small> || style="background:#ff3333;"| Tagara <br /> <small>ESP [[Rafael Nadal]]</small> || style="background:#00ff00;"| '''Yarvaḥ''' <br /> <small>ESP [[Rafael Nadal]]</small> || style="background:#00ff00;"| '''Yarvaḥ''' <br /> <small>USA [[Andy Roddick]]</small> |- align="center" | [[Tasemhuyt 2007 n ATP|2007]] || style="background:#00ff00;"| '''Yarvaḥ''' <br /> <small>CHI [[Fernando González]]</small> || style="background:#ff3333;"| Tagara <br /> <small>ESP [[Rafael Nadal]]</small> || style="background:#00ff00;"| '''Yarvaḥ''' <br /> <small>ESP [[Rafael Nadal]]</small> || style="background:#00ff00;"| '''Yarvaḥ''' <br /> <small>SRB [[Novak Đoković]]</small> |- align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | [[Tasemhuyt 2008 n ATP|2008]] ||style="background:yellow;"| 1/4 si tagara<br /><small>SRB [[Novak Đoković]]</small>||style="background:#ff3333;" | Tagara <br /> <small>ESP [[Rafael Nadal]]</small>|| style="background:#ff3333;" | Tagara <br /> <small>ESP [[Rafael Nadal]]</small>||style="background:#00ff00;"| '''Yarvaḥ''' <br /> <small>GBR [[Andy Murray]]</small> |- align="center" | [[Tasemhuyt 2009 n ATP|2009]] || style="background:#ff3333;"| Tagara <br /> <small> ESP [[Rafael Nadal]]</small> || style="background:#00ff00;"| '''Yarvaḥ''' <br /> <small> SWE [[Robin Söderling]]</small> || style="background:#00ff00;"| '''Yarvaḥ''' <br /> <small>USA [[Andy Roddick]]</small> || style="background:#ff3333;"| Tagara <br /> <small>ARG [[Juan Martín del Potro]]</small> |- align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | [[Tasemhuyt 2010 n ATP|2010]] ||style="background:#00ff00;"| '''Yarvaḥ''' <br /> <small>GBR [[Andy Murray]]<br /></small> || style="background:#FFDEAD"| 1/4 si tagara <br /> <small>SWE [[Robin Söderling]]</small> ||style="background:#FFDEAD"| 1/4 si tagara <br /> <small>CZE [[Tomáš Berdych]]</small> ||style="background:yellow;"| 1/2 si tagara<br /><small>SRB [[Novak Đoković]]</small> |- align="center" | [[Tasemhuyt 2011 n ATP|2011]] ||style="background:yellow;"| 1/2 si tagara<br /><small>SRB [[Novak Đoković]]</small>|| style="background:#ff3333;"| tagara <br /> <small>ESP [[Rafael Nadal]]</small>||style="background:#FFDEAD"| 1/4 si tagara <br /> <small>FRA [[Jo-Wilfried Tsonga]]</small>||style="background:yellow;"| 1/2 si tagara<br /><small>SRB [[Novak Đoković]]</small> |- align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | [[Tameshayt 2012 n ATP|2012]] ||style="background:yellow;"| 1/2 si tagara<br /><small>ESP [[Rafael Nadal]]</small>|| style="background:yellow;"| 1/2 si tagara <br /> <small>SRB [[Novak Đoković]] </small> ||style="background:#00ff00;"| '''Yarvaḥ''' <br /> <small>GBR [[Andy Murray]]<br /></small>|| style="background:#FFDEAD"| 1/4 si tagara <br /> <small>CZE [[Tomáš Berdych]]</small> |- align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | [[Tameshayt 2013 n ATP|2013]] ||style="background:yellow;"| 1/2 si tagara<br /><small>GBR [[Andy Murray]]|| style="background:#FFDEAD"| 1/4 si tagara <small>FRA [[Jo-Wilfried Tsonga]]</small> ||Ddurt tamzwarut <br /> <small>UKR [[Sergiy Stakhovsky]]</small>|| |} {{clr}} === Amazray ines di [[Grand chelem de tennis|Grand Chelem]] === ==== Tirennawin (17) ==== {| |- |width="50"|'''asegwas |width="175"|'''Talɣuɣa |width="195"|'''Yarna di tagara afna |width="190"|'''Agemmuḍ |-bgcolor="#90FF80" |[[Talɣuɣa n Wimbledon 2003|2003]] ||[[Talɣuɣa n Wimbledon|Wimbledon]] || [[Mark Philippoussis]] <small>({{flagcountry|AUS}})</small> || 7-6 6-3 7-6 |-bgcolor="#c7dcf6" |[[Open n lustṛali 2004|2004]]|| [[Open n lustṛali]] || [[Marat Safin]] <small>({{flagcountry|RUS}})</small> || 7-6 6-4 6-3 |-bgcolor="#90FF80" |[[Talɣuɣa n Wimbledon 2004|2004]] ||[[Talɣuɣa n Wimbledon|Wimbledon]] || [[Andy Roddick]] <small>({{flagcountry|USA}})</small> || 4-6 7-5 7-6 6-4 |-bgcolor="#FFDEAD" |[[US Open n tennis 2004|2004]] || [[US Open n tennis|US Open]] || [[Lleyton Hewitt]] <small>({{flagcountry|AUS}})</small> || 6-0 7-6 6-0 |-bgcolor="#90FF80" |[[Talɣuɣa n Wimbledon 2005|2005]] ||[[Talɣuɣa n Wimbledon|Wimbledon]] || [[Andy Roddick]] <small>({{flagcountry|USA}})</small> || 6-2 7-6 6-4 |-bgcolor="#FFDEAD" |[[US Open n tennis 2005|2005]] || [[US Open n tennis|US Open]] || [[Andre Agassi]] <small>({{flagcountry|USA}})</small> || 6-3 2-6 7-6 6-1 |-bgcolor="#c7dcf6" |[[Open n lustṛali 2006|2006]]|| [[Open n lustṛali]] || [[Márcos Baghdatís]] <small>({{flagcountry|Cyprus}})</small> || 5-7 7-5 6-0 6-2 |-bgcolor="#90FF80" |[[Talɣuɣa n Wimbledon 2006|2006]] ||[[Talɣuɣa n Wimbledon|Wimbledon]] || [[Rafael Nadal]] <small>({{flagcountry|ESP}})</small> || 6-0 7-6 6-7 6-3 |-bgcolor="#FFDEAD" |[[US Open de tennis 2006|2006]] || [[US Open de tennis|US Open]] <small>(3)</small>|| [[Andy Roddick]] <small>({{flagcountry|USA}})</small> || 6-2 4-6 7-5 6-1 |-bgcolor="#c7dcf6" |[[Open n lustṛali 2007|2007]]|| [[Open n lustṛali]] <small>(3)</small>|| [[Fernando González]] <small>({{flagcountry|CHI}})</small> || 7-6 6-4 6-4 |-bgcolor="#90FF80" |[[Tournoi de Wimbledon 2007|2007]] ||[[Tournoi de Wimbledon|Wimbledon]] || [[Rafael Nadal]] <small>({{flagcountry|ESP}})</small> || 7-6 4-6 7-6 2-6 6-2 |-bgcolor="#FFDEAD" |[[US Open n tennis 2007|2007]] || [[US Open n tennis|US Open]] || [[Novak Đoković]] <small>({{flagcountry|SRB}})</small> || 7-6 7-6 6-4 |-bgcolor="#FFDEAD" |[[US Open n tennis 2008|2008]] || [[US Open n tennis|US Open]] || [[Andy Murray]] <small>({{flagcountry|GBR}})</small> || 6-2 7-5 6-2 |-bgcolor="#EEB76C" |[[Igraɣlannen n Fransa n tennis 2009|2009]] || Igraɣlannen n Fransa n tennis [[Roland-Garros]]|| [[Robin Söderling]] <small>({{flagcountry|SWE}})</small> ||6-1 7-6 6-4 |-bgcolor="#90FF80" |[[Talɣuɣa n Wimbledon 2009|2009]] ||[[Talɣuɣa n Wimbledon|Wimbledon]] || [[Andy Roddick]] <small>({{flagcountry|USA}})</small> || 5-7 7-6 7-6 3-6 16-14 |-bgcolor="#c7dcf6" |[[Open n lustṛali 2010|2010]]|| [[Open n lustṛali]] || [[Andy Murray]] <small>({{flagcountry|GBR}})</small> ||6-3 6-4 7-6 |-bgcolor="#90FF80" |[[Talɣuɣa n Wimbledon 2012|2012]] ||[[Talɣuɣa n Wimbledon|Wimbledon]] || [[Andy Murray]] <small>({{flagcountry|GBR}})</small> || 4-6 7-5 6-3 6-4 |} ==== Tagara (8) ==== {| |- |width="50"|'''Asegwas |width="175"|'''Talɣuɣa |width="210"|'''Yarnat di tagara afna |width="190"|'''Agemmuḍ |-bgcolor="#EEB76C" |[[Igraɣlanen n Fṛansa n tennis 2006|2006]] || Igraɣlanen n Fṛansa n tennis [[Roland-Garros]]|| [[Rafael Nadal]] <small>({{flagcountry|ESP}})</small> ||6-1 1-6 4-6 6-7(4) |-bgcolor="#EEB76C" |[[Igraɣlanen n Fṛansa n tennis 2007|2007]] || Igraɣlanen n Fṛansa n tennis [[Roland-Garros]] || [[Rafael Nadal]] <small>({{flagcountry|ESP}})</small> ||3-6 6-4 3-6 4-6 |-bgcolor="#EEB76C" |[[Igraɣlanen n Fṛansa n tennis 2008|2008]] || Igraɣlanen n Fṛansa n tennis [[Roland-Garros]] || [[Rafael Nadal]] <small>({{flagcountry|ESP}})</small> ||1-6 3-6 0-6 |-bgcolor="#90FF80" |[[Talɣuɣa n Wimbledon 2008|2008]] ||[[Talɣuɣa n Wimbledon|Wimbledon]] || [[Rafael Nadal]] <small>({{flagcountry|ESP}})</small> ||4-6 4-6 7-6(5) 7-6(8) 7-9 |-bgcolor="#c7dcf6" |[[Open n lustṛali 2009|2009]]|| [[Open n lustṛali]] || [[Rafael Nadal]] <small>({{flagcountry|ESP}})</small> || 5-7 6-3 6-7(3) 6-3 2-6 |-bgcolor="#FFDEAD" |[[US Open n tennis 2009|2009]] || [[US Open de tennis|US Open]] || [[Juan Martin Del Potro]] <small>({{flagcountry|ARG}})</small> || 6-3 6-7(5) 6-4 6-7(4) 2-6 |-bgcolor="#EEB76C" |[[Igraɣlanen n Fṛansa n tennis 2011|2011]] || Igraɣlanen n Fṛansa n tennis [[Roland-Garros]] || [[Rafael Nadal]] <small>({{flagcountry|ESP}})</small> || 5-7 6-7(3) 7-5 1-6 |-bgcolor="#90FF80" |[[Talɣuɣa n Wimbledon 2014|2014]] ||[[Talɣuɣa n Wimbledon|Wimbledon]] || [[Novak Djokovic]] <small>({{flagcountry|SRB}})</small> ||7-6(7) 4-6 6-7(4) 7-5 4-6 |} == Tamselyut == * {{fr}} {{en}} {{de}} [http://www.rogerfederer.com/fr Site officiel] * {{fr}} {{en}} {{de}} [http://www.rogerfedererfoundation.org/fr.html Asmel web unṣib n tdukli ines] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426063905/http://www.rogerfedererfoundation.org/fr.html |date=2012-04-26 }} * {{fr}} [http://archives.tsr.ch/dossier-federer ''Vidéo :'' Roger Federer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100825210620/http://archives.tsr.ch/dossier-federer |date=2010-08-25 }}, akaram seg weɣbaṛen n Tele-iẓri [[Télévision suisse romande]]. * http://www.lequipe.fr/ [[Category:Taswist]] l27998qw7by238gpppf4pzw5p4zhuxn 0 11991 117475 87792 2026-09-23T13:17:04Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 17168 /* World and fictional history {{anchor|World|World and fictional history|Backstory|Background}} */ 117475 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox adeg asugnan | name = The Known World | colour = #C0C0C0 | image = File:Map of the Known World.jpg | imagesize = 250px | caption = "A Map of The Known World"<br>by [[George R. R. Martin]] | source = ''[[A Song of Ice and Fire]]'' | creator = [[George R. R. Martin]] | genre = Aṛuman/Tiliẓri | type = [[Fantasy world]] | locations = Westeros<br>Essos<br>Sothoryos<br>Ulthos | people = Irgazen imezwura<br>Andals<br>Tarwa n Tiẓgi<br>Icacfalen<br>[[Imedduten Imellalen]] }} Amaḍal asugnan aydeg iṛumanen ''[[A Song of Ice and Fire]]'' n [[George R. R. Martin]] dran yetwagzam s aṭas imenẓawen. Amur ameqran tedra deg umenẓaw n '''Westeros''', neɣ Sat Tigeldiwin. Yesɛa idetti tẓat tigeldiwin (Agafa, Tigzirin n Uzzal, Akal n Isafen, Iɣzer, Akal n Ataram, Akal n Tizekkiwin, Targa, Akal n Tikuṛunin, d Dorne)<ref group=S name=eventhorizon_chat />{{sfn|''A Game of Thrones''|loc=Arya I, p. 71}}{{sfn|''A Game of Thrones''|loc=Appendix: House Martell, p. 830}}. ==Amaḍal d umezruy n tmedyazt {{anchor|World|World and fictional history|Backstory|Background}}== ===Westeros {{anchor|Westeros|Seven Kingsdoms}}=== ===Essos {{anchor|Essos|Valyria}}=== ===Timnaḍin nniḍen {{anchor|Sothoryos|Sothoros|Sothyros|Ulthos}}=== ===Maps=== ==Agafa (The North) {{anchor|The North|The Neck}}== [[File:Scotland in the UK and Europe.svg|thumb|Author George R. R. Martin compared the North of Westeros to {{color box|darkgreen}} [[Scotland]].<ref group=S name=denverpost_grrm />]] Agafa (The North) d azgen n ugafa n Sat Tigeldiwin{{sfn|''A Game of Thrones''|loc=Map}} dɣa yettwaḥkem sɣur [[Axxam Stark]] seg Winterfell.{{sfn|''A Game of Thrones''|loc=Bran I, p. 14}} Agafa d ameqran qrib anect sḍiset tigeldiwin nniḍen ttwassemlilent, maca yesɛa cwit kan n imezdaɣen.{{sfn|''A Game of Thrones''|loc=Eddard I, p. 41}} Martin yequren Agafa s Tikust.<ref group=S name=denverpost_grrm /> D asemmiḍ deg Ugafa; yekkat wadfel s uskir maca deg akkw tisemhuyin, yili tigersin ttwaglament am aken d tiweɛṛanin macci d kra.{{sfn|''A Game of Thrones''|loc=Eddard I, p. 41}} Talast tagafat n aẓi d New Gift, azawag n wakal n 80 km yettwammestenen sɣur [[Taɛessast n Iḍ]].{{sfn|''A Storm of Swords''|loc=Bran III, p. 546}} ===Winterfell=== Winterfell d tamdint tazaykarawant n [[axxam Stark]], inebbaḍen n ugafa n Westeros. Yettwabnu sɣur Brandon Stark « ameṣkaw » (''{{lang|en|Bran the Builder}}''), d yiwen n igelliden imezwura n Ugafa, d netta yellan deg taneṣlit n Aɣrab. Ɣas anezwi n Ugafa, imezdaɣen n Winterfell ur tenyenɣa ara usemmiḍ acku tamdint tettwabnu ɣef tala n waman aḥmayan yettɛaddan gar iɣerban sɣur anagraw amegzu n [[aẓeṭṭa n tregwa|iẓeṭwan n tregwa|]], i ttsseḥmun aka tizeɣwin d tixxamin dɣa yetssinef tagrist n lqaɛa, deg unebdu am deg tagrest<ref group="R" name="AGOT Catelyn II">''A Game of Thrones'', Catelyn II.</ref>. ===The Wall=== ===Beyond the Wall=== ===Pyke=== === Old Wyk === == The Riverlands == ===Harrenhal=== ===Riverrun=== ===The Twins=== ==The Vale of Arryn== ===The Eyrie=== ==The Westerlands== ===Casterly Rock=== ==The Reach== ===Oldtown=== ==The Stormlands== ===Storm's End=== ==The Crownlands== ===Dragonstone=== ===King's Landing=== ==Dorne== ==Free Cities and vicinity {{anchor|The Free Cities|Free Cities|Andalos|Rhoyne}}== ===Braavos=== ===Pentos=== ===Volantis=== ===Other Free Cities {{anchor|Lorath|Lys|Myr|Norvos|Qohor|Tyrosh|Volantis}}=== ==Central Essos== === Valyria === ===Dothraki Sea {{anchor|The Dothraki Sea|Dothraki Sea|Vaes Dothrak}}=== ===Lhazar=== ==Slaver's Bay {{anchor|Slaver's Bay|Slavers Bay}}== ===Astapor=== ===Yunkai=== ===Meereen=== == Summer Sea == === Basilisk Isles === === Summer Islands {{anchor|Summer Islands|The Summer Islands}} === == Eastern Essos == ===Red Waste=== ===Qarth=== == Unvisited lands {{anchor|Other lands|Unvisited lands}} == ===Asshai and the Shadow Lands {{anchor|Asshai|The Shadow Lands|Asshai and the Shadow Lands}}=== ===Ibben=== ===Yi Ti=== === Plains of Jogos Nhai === == Sothoros or Sothoryos == == Tiwelhiwin == {{Reflist|30em}} 9eloy6hp3pvo1q6frasdyde1vdf785z 1 22670 117474 104759 2026-09-23T13:15:58Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 17168 Nekk ẓriɣ. Ad t-sselḥuɣ mi ara zemreɣ 117474 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 25213 117472 114451 2026-09-23T12:56:38Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 17168 117472 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alexandre Gustave Eiffel''', ilul deg Bonickhausen, yettwassen s yisem n Eiffel, ass n 15 Dujember 1832, deg Dijon, yemmut ass n 27 Dujember 1923, deg Paris, yella d ajenyuṛ d umsenzi afransis, yettwassen s waṭas n tɣawsiwin ay d-yewwi deg tgemmi n wuzzal. Ilul-d deg twacult taburjwazit, yerna yeḍfer tizrawin (études) timeqranin deg Uɣerbaz Alemmas n Tẓuriyin ed Tfabrikin n Paris. Yeffeɣ-d seg tesdawit deg 1855, yebda-d ccɣel-nnes n uxeddim deg yisenfaren imeqranen n webrid n wuzzal, ladɣa lebni n tẓegwa n wuzzal. Deg 1866, yesbedd-d taṛmist-nnes yerna yettwassen deg lebni n ttawilat imeqranen n wuzzal. Yexdem tagrawla deg tmeṣkiwt n tallit-is, yessufeɣ-d tilisa n lebni n wuzzal. Lbuṛj n Eiffel, ay d-yellan i lmend n Tmesrit Tamaḍlant n 1889, d netta ay d axeddim-nnes ay d-yesskanayen aṭas n ccek, war ccek. Aẓekka-a, deg tallit-nni d netta ay d lebni ay d-yellan d aɛlayan akk deg umaḍal, yuɣal s tɣawla d azamul n Paris ed Fṛansa. Menɣir lbuṛj-a, yesnulfa-d aṭas n tɣawsiwin n wuzzal ay d-yesskanayen azal-nsent, am Tmeṣ̣kiwt n Tlelli deg New York, Aɣerrabu n Garabit deg temnaḍt n Cantal deg Fṛansa, ed Tɣerɣert n Maria Pia deg Porto. Imuhal-a ttcehhiden-d ɣef tmussni-nnes n tmeẓdit (injenierie) d tɣawsa-nnes deg tgemmi tamaḍlant. Yefka iseggasen ineggura n tudert-is i tmussni n tmeẓdiyin d tmeẓdiyin n tmes. Yesseqdec lbuṛj n Eiffel s wallalen n uktil yerna iga aṭas n tgermanin (expériences) ɣef tɣawsiwin ay d-yettawin waḍu ɣef tmeṣkiwt. Yemmut deg Paris deg 1923, yeǧǧa-d lbaḍna tameqrant ay t-yeǧǧan ad yili d argaz agejdan deg umezruy n tgemmi. Leqdic-is yeɛna-d deg ussebded n tgemmi tamdinant n waṭas n temdinin deg umaḍal. tvvr356ybyr8mhdwvs1m7b8fjvmxy5s 0 25569 117476 117459 2026-09-23T13:32:42Z Gurzil90x 14292 Arniɣ-d ayen ilaqen 117476 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:OpenAI logo 2025 (symbol).svg|vignette|Alugu n ChatGPT]] '''ChatGPT''' d amallal n udiwenni s [[Tigzi Taragmawant|tigzi taragmawant]] (AI) i d-tesnulfa taṛmist OpenAI. Yeffeɣ-d i useqdec azayez deg 30 Wamber 2022, deg tazwara am rusenfaṛ n unadi, iwakken OpenAI ad telmed seg useqdec n yimdanen, ad tissin tizemmar d tilisa n unagraw-is. Deg lqem-is amezwaru, ChatGPT yebna ɣef umudam seg twacult GPT-3.5. Isem ChatGPT yebḍa ɣef sin yiḥricen: Chat, anamek-is adiwenni, akked GPT — Generative Pre-trained Transformer, tawacult n yimudam n tutlayt i ɣef yebna. Tamiḍrant tagejdant d ad yerr tazmert n yimudam imeqqranen n tutlayt deg ugrudem anda amdan yezmer ad yesseqdec tigzi taragmawant s tutlayt tagamant, amzun yettmeslay akked umeggay. Ass-a, ChatGPT yugar aṭas tamiḍrant n chatbot. Yezmer ad iɛiwen deg tira, tussna, anadi, asihel, tasleḍt n yisefka d yisemliyen, tugniwin, tifrat n wuguren, aseggem n yisenfaren d waṭas n twuriwin-nniḍen. OpenAI tessegza-t am umallal AI i izemren ad iɛiwen deg twuriwin n yal ass. == 1. Talalit n ChatGPT == Mi d-yeffeɣ ChatGPT deg 2022, tamiḍrant n umeslay akked tmacint ur telli ara d tamaynut. Llan ''chatbots'' uqbel-is s waṭas n yiseggasen. Ayen i ibeddlen akked ChatGPT d tazmert n umudam-is ad yegzu asiḍen n udiwenni, ad ikemmel ameslay ɣef waṭas n yisteqsiyen, ad yessegzi timiḍranin, ad yaru iḍrisen ɣezzifen, yerna ad ixdem tiwuriwin yemgaraden war ma ilaq ad yettwaselmed s talɣa tusridt i yal yiwet seg-sent. [[OpenAI]] tessegza deg ussufeɣ n 2022 belli talɣa n udiwenni tettak i ChatGPT tazmert ad d-yerr ɣef yisteqsiyen i d-iteddun deffir yisteqsi amezwaru, ad iqbel mi yecceḍ, ad yesseɣti kra n turdiwin ur nṣeḥḥa ara deg usteqsi, yerna ad yagi kra n yisutar ur nemṣada ara akked tɣellist. Lqem amezwaru yettwaselmed s tarrayt n RLHF — Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback, anda imdanen ɛawnen deg uselmed n unagraw s usmenyif gar tririyin yemgaraden. ChatGPT n tazwara yebna ɣef GPT-3.5, maca deg yiseggasen i d-yeḍfernen OpenAI ternu imudam s tzemmar ugar. == 2. D acu i d GPT? == Iwakken ad nefhem ChatGPT, ilaq ad nefhem GPT. GPT d agzul n '''Aselkat n usaraw uzarsileɣ'''('''Generative Pre-trained Transformer)'''. Asaraw yemmal-d belli amudam yezmer ad d-isnulfu agbur am uḍris, tangalt n useɣẓan neɣ igemmaḍ-nniḍen. Azarsileɣ yemmal-d belli uqbel ad yebdu udiwenni akked useqdac, amudam yettwaselmad yakan ɣef yisefka imeqqranen. Aselkat d anaw n taneɣruft n uẓeṭṭa n uselmed alaway i yerran imudam n tutlayt imeqqranen n tura zemren ad xedmen tasleḍt n wassaɣen gar wawalen, tefyar d yimektayen deg yiḍrisen. ChatGPT, ihi, mačči d adlis ameqqran anda tella tririt i yal asteqsi. D anagraw n uselmed n tmacint i yesseqdacen imudam i yettwaselmaden ɣef waṭas n yisefka, syin yesseqdac ayen yelmed iwakken ad d-isuddes tiririt almend n usteqsi d usatal. == 3. Amek iteddu ChatGPT? == Mi ara taruḍ asteqsi, aḍris-ik yettwabḍa ɣer iferdisen imeẓyanen i nezmer ad nessemmi tiddas(tokens). ''Tiddest'' tezmer ad yili awal, aḥric n wawal, azamul neɣ kra n usekkil almend n tutlayt d umsiddes(tokenizer) i yettwaseqdacen. Amudam yettawi tiddest-a, yettales tasleḍt n wassaɣen gar-asen akked usatal i d-yezwaren, syin yettak tilisa i wayen i izemren ad d-iḍfer. S talɣa taḥerfit, yezmer ad yettwafhem am unagraw i yettaznen yal tikkelt: «D acu i ilaqen ad d-iḍfer tura?» Maca mi ara nales ayagi ɣef yimelyunen neɣ yimelyaren n yiferdisen d yassaɣen ussnanen i yelmed umudam, ad d-teffeɣ tazmert i yugar s waṭas asnimer n wawal i d-iteddun: asegzi, tira, agdal, tasleḍt, asihel, tifrat n wuguren d usuddes n tamusni. Dɣa, ma tella tririt tettban amzun tamacint «tessen» ayen i d-tenna, ilaq ad nefrez gar tarrayt n umudam d tegzi n umdan. ChatGPT d anagraw n tigzi taragmawant; ur ilaq ara ad as-nefk iḥulfan, iman neɣ tamuɣli tudmawant n umaḍal war ad yili ufus ussnan i waya. == 4. Aselmed s tallelt n yimdanen == Yiwen seg yiferdisen i d-yerran ChatGPT yemgarad ɣef kra n yimudam iqburen d aselmed iwakken ad iḍfer tanaḍt n useqdac yerna ad yerr s talɣa iwulmen i udiwenni. Deg lqem amezwaru, OpenAI tessemres ''supervised fine-tuning'': imselmaden imdanen ttaken-d imedyaten n yidiwenniyen gar useqdac d umeggay. Syin, OpenAI tessemres '''RLHF'''. Imdanen smenyafen gar waṭas n tririyin; isefka-a ttwasqedcen iwakken ad yelmed unagraw anwa anaw n tririt i d-yettwasmenyafen. Tarrayin n uselmed n yimudam imaynuten n tura zemrent ad mgaradent ɣef tarrayt-a tamezwarut, maca tamuɣli tagejdant teqqim: ur ilaq ara umudam ad yissin kan amek ara d-isnulfu aḍris; ilaq daɣen ad yelmed amek ara iḍfer tanaḍt d wamek ara d-yerr s talɣa ara yilin d abaɣur i useqdac. == 5. Seg GPT-3.5 ɣer yimudam imaynuten == Amezruy n ChatGPT yeqqen ɣer unerni n yimudam n OpenAI. Deg 2022, ChatGPT amezwaru yebna ɣef GPT-3.5. Deg Meɣres 2023, GPT-4 yekcem ɣer ChatGPT Plus. Deg Mayyu 2024, GPT-4o yekcem ɣer ChatGPT. Deg Sebtember 2024, OpenAI tebda tessemras imudam n uwemmam/reasoning s o1-preview d o1-mini. Deg Ɣuct 2025, GPT-5 yekcem ɣer ChatGPT. Deg 2026, tawacult GPT-5.6 tettwaseqdec deg ChatGPT. OpenAI tessegza GPT-5.6 Sol am umudam i yesseqdacen Plus d Pro i twuriwin i yeḥwaǧǧen tizemmar ugar, ma d GPT-5.6 Luna d amudam agejdan i yiseqdacen Free d Go deg ubeddel i d-tessegza deg Ɣuct 2026. Anamek-is d akken ChatGPT mačči d yiwen n umudam. D afaris neɣ d agrudem i izemren ad yesseqdec imudam yemgaraden almend n lqem, n twuri d unaw n umiḍan. == 6. Adiwenni d usatal == Tazmert tagejdant n ChatGPT d asatal n udiwenni. Ma testeqsaḍ, syin terniḍ: «Segzi-d ugar», ChatGPT yezmer ad yegzu belli tmeslayeḍ ɣef tririt yezrin. Ur ilaq ara ad talseḍ asteqsi seg tazwara. Anect-a yettili acku iznan n udiwenni zemren ad ilin deg usatal i yettwafkan i umudam. S waya, adiwenni yezmer ad yuɣal d axeddim s kra n yimeḍqan: asteqsi → tiririt → aseɣti → tasleḍt → lqem aneggaru. D ayen i d-yefkan azal ameqqran i ChatGPT am wallal n uselmed, tira, asihel d unadi. == 7. Tifrat n wuguren d «uxemmam» == Imudam imaynuten n ChatGPT ur ttwasqedcen ara kan i tira n tutlayt; zemren daɣen ad xedmen ɣef tifrat n wuguren. Deg leḥsab, asihel, tussna neɣ tasleḍt, anagraw yezmer ad yesseqdec tarrayin i as-yettaken akud ugar i usuddes n tririt uqbel ad tt-id-yefk. Anect-a ur ilaq ara ad yettwafhem amzun ChatGPT yettxemmim s yiḥulfan neɣ s teɣzi n umdan. Awal axemmam neɣ s teglizit ''reasoning'' dagi yettuseqdac i tzemmar n unagraw ad yesseqdec kra n yimenzayen d tarrayin n tifrat n wuguren iwakken ad yawi ɣer ugemmuḍ igerrzen. Deg 2026, OpenAI tettak deg kra n yimudam-is tarrayin i yettaǧǧan aseqdac ad yefren acḥal n wakud d tzemmar ara yefk unagraw i tifrat n wugur. == 8. Agetaskarant — multimodality == ChatGPT n tura ur yettqimi ara deg uḍris kan. Imudam d wallalen-is zemren, almend n lqem d umiḍan, ad xedmen akked tugniwin, ifuyla d yisemliyen, ad ten-sleḍ, ad ten-id-ssegzin neɣ ad d-rren ɣef yisteqsiyen fell-asen. OpenAI tessegza ChatGPT am umeggay i yezmer ad yettwaseqdec i tesleḍt n tugniwin d yifuyla, rnu ɣer tira, asiḍen(leḥsab), asihel d usuddes n yimektayen. Tazmert-a tettusemma s Teglizit ''multimodality'': anagraw ur yettqabal ara yiwen n wanaw n yisefka kan. Anect-a yessekcem ChatGPT seg umaḍal n chatbot n uḍris ɣer unagraw wessiɛen i izemren ad ixdem akked waṭas n wanawen n yisefka. == 9. Anadi deg Web == Yiwen seg wuguren n yimudam n tutlayt d akken tamusni i d-yettwaselmed ur tezmir ara ad tili d tamaynut i lebda. Tella talast gar wakud n uselmed d wayen iḍerrun tura deg umaḍal. I tifrat n waya, ChatGPT yezmer ad yesseqdec anadi deg Web. Deg umḍiq n wakken ad d-yerr kan seg tamusni n umudam, yezmer ad inadi ɣef yisallen imaynuten deg Internet, ad ten-yesleḍ, syin ad d-yefk tiririt s tuɣalin ɣer yɣbula. OpenAI tessegza belli ''ChatGPT Search'' yettaǧǧa ChatGPT ad d-yawi isallen imaynuten seg Internet srid ɣer udiwenni. Aya yesɛa azal deg yisental i yettbeddilen s lemɣawla: isallen n wass, tetiknulujit, ibeddilen n yifarisen, tasertit, tadamsa, imeslayen ussnanen imaynuten d wayen-nniḍen. == 10. Anadi Lqayen == I unadi yeḥwaǧǧen ugar n telqayt, OpenAI tesnulfa ''Deep Research''. Deg umḍiq n unadi aḥerfi i d-yettawin kra n yɣbula, Anadi Lqayen(Deep Research) yezmer ad yebnu abrid n unadi, ad inadi deg waṭas n yɣbula, ad ten-yesmenyaf, ad yessemlil isallen, syin ad d-isuffeɣ aneqqis neɣ tasleḍt s yɣbula. Deg 2026, OpenAI terni tazmert i Deep Research ad yeqqen ɣer yisnasen d yiɣbula-nniḍen, yerna aseqdac yezmer ad iwali amek iteddu unadi yerna ad t-id-ibeddel deg tazwara ar taggara. S waya, ChatGPT yezmer ad yuɣal seg umeggay n yisteqsiyen d tririyin ɣer umallal n unadi. == 11. Takatut — ccfawat n ChatGPT == Yiwen seg yibeddilen imeqqranen deg ChatGPT d takatut/Memory. Deg udiwenni aḥerfi, ChatGPT yezmer ad yeḥrez asatal n wayen i d-nnan yiseqdacen deg udiwenni-nni. Memory, tezmer ad tessekcem kra n usatal i wakud ɣezzifen, iwakken idiwenniyen imaynuten ur beddun ara yal tikkelt seg zeru. OpenAI tessegza belli Takatut/Memory tezmer ad tɛiwen ChatGPT ad yissin ismenyifen, isenfaren d tilisa n useqdac iwakken idiwenniyen i d-iteddun ad bdun seg usatal i yellan yakan. Deg Yunyu 2026, OpenAI tessegza taneɣruft tamaynut n ''Memory'' i semma ''Dreaming,'' i d-yessuddusen ccfawat s wudem ara yeḥrez tatrart, akemmel d wazal n yisallen i useqdac. Tamiḍrant-a tettak i ChatGPT tazmert ad yuɣal d allal n uxeddim ɣef wakud ɣezzifen, mačči d yiwen n udiwenni kan. == 12. Isenfaṛen == ''Projects'' ''neɣ isenfaṛen'' d imeḍqan deg ChatGPT anda aseqdac yezmer ad yessemlil idiwenniyen, ifuyla, tinaḍin d usatal n yiwen n usenfar. Amedya, amdan ixeddmen ɣef unadi ussnan yezmer ad yesnulfu ''Project'' i unadi-nni, ad yernu isemliyen, idiwenniyen d tinaḍin. ChatGPT yezmer ad yesseqdec asatal n usenfar iwakken ur ilaq ara useqdac ad d-yales yal tikkelt ayen akk i yellan yakan. ''Projects'' sɛan azal ladɣa i leqdicat i yettkemmilen ɣef waṭas n wussan neɣ n wagguren: tira n udlis, anadi, asenfar n useɣẓan, aselmed neɣ axeddim n ugraw. == 13. ChatGPT Work == Deg 2026, OpenAI tessemgarad gar Udiwenni/Chat d Uxeddim/Work. Adiwenni iwulem ugar i yisteqsiyen, isegziyen, asnulfu n yimektayen, aseɣti n uḍris neɣ tiwuriwin iwezzlanen. Axeddim/Work, ma d netta, yettwabna i leqdicat imeqqranen i yeḥwaǧǧen waṭas n yimahilen, asatal d ugemmuḍ aneggaru i yezmer useqdac ad isenqed. Tamiḍrant-a teskanay anerni n ChatGPT seg «steqsi-d, ad k-d-rreɣ» ɣer «efk-iyi-d asenfar, ad xedmeɣ fell-as armi d agemmuḍ». D abeddel agejdan deg wamek i yezmer assaɣ gar umdan d tigzi taragmawant ad yettnerni. 2qf34z8y5o823l957o8lu65pomeluzg 0 25583 117480 117470 2026-09-24T10:17:17Z Gurzil90x 14292 arniɣ ayen ilaqen 117480 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Early migrations mercator.svg|vignette|Inigen imezwura n talsa.]] '''Asmaḍel''' (neɣ '''Tasmaḍelt''', s tefransist: Mondialisation neɣ Globalisation, s teglizit: Globalization) d akala d umussu ameqran n usemres, n tuqqna d usegrew gar tmura, tidamsiwin, tmettiyin d yidelsan n umtiweg n Lqaɛa meṛṛa. Yettgensis-d assaɣen i d-yezzin i umaḍal akk, ideg ay ssenqasen tlisa gar yiwanaken, yerna yettili-d userked n yiwen n wulzuz (ssuq) agraɣlan ideg ttazzalen yilzazen (sselɛat), imeẓla, idrimen (ihriten), tilɣa d yimdanen s tazzla tameqrant yerna war aḥbaṣ. Xas akken asmaḍel yebda-d seg zik s tnezzut tagraɣlant d unadi ɣef yimuka imaynuten, aswir-is yulin s lǧehd seg tagara n tasut tis 20, ladɣa seld aɣelluy n Uɣrab n Berlin (1989) d unnerni ussnan d utiknuluji, ladɣa s usnulfu n Internet d ttawilat n taywalt tatrart. == 1. Amezruy n usmaḍel == === 1.1 Talliyin timenza === Abrid ɣer usmaḍel ur d-yelli ara d ayen i d-yusan deg yiwen wass. Seg tallit taqburt, llan yimussuyen n wembaddel deg wulzuz gar yegduden: '''Abrid n Usilki''' (Abrid n leḥrir): Yeqqen Asya d Turuft d Tefriqt Ugafa, yegla-d s wembaddel n sselɛat, d ussegrew n tmusniwin. '''Isaffen d yillelen''': Ilel Agrakal yella d asayes ameqran ideg mlalen Yimaziɣen (Inumidiyen, Ifniqiyen), Igrigiyen d Yirumanen. === 1.2 Tagrawla tamgurant d usehres === Deg tasut tis 15 d tis 16, tizmert n tmura n Turuft terna mi d-ufan imuka imaynuten (am Marikan). Deg tasut tis 18 d tis 19, tagrawla tamgurant tessaweḍ ɣer usedmer n tmacint n iraggen, abrid n wuzzal d uselket alemmas n sselɛa. Tallit-a tella daɣen d tallit n usehres (tameharsa) ansa i d-yewwi Umalu tabaɣurt tameqrant seg Tefriqt d Wasya. === 1.3 Tallit tamezdayt deffir 1945 === Deffir Ṭṭraḍ Amaḍlan Wis Sin, timura timeqranin sbeddent-d anagraw n Bretton Woods (1944)[4]. Dɣa d aya i d-yeslulen: Asenduq n Tedrimt Agraɣlan (FMI) Lbanka Tamaḍlant (Banque Mondiale) GATT, i yuɣalen d Tuddsa Tanmaḍalt n Tnezzut (OMC) deg useggas n 1995. Seg useggas n 1990 d asawen, mi yeɣli Uɣrab n Berlin tekfa [[Tadukli n Tegdudiwin Tinemlayin Tisuvyitiyin|Tdukli Tasuvyatit]], anagraw n [[Asihri|usihri]] yessaweḍ ɣer yal tiɣmert deg umaḍal, dɣa yekcem umaḍal deg wayen iwumi neqqar Asmaḍel atrar. == 2. Iḥricen igejdanen n usmaḍel == === 2.1 Tadamsa d ulzuz amaḍlan === Deg wenrar n tdamsa, asmaḍel yesnulfa-d yiwen n wulzuz anmaḍal ameqran: '''Tanezzut tilellit''' : Tukksa n tewsitin neɣ n yizerfan n tedwant d usekru n yiweẓla gar yiwanaken. '''Tikebbaniyin tigetɣelnawin''' (Multinationales): D tikebbaniyin timeqranin (am Apple, Toyota, Samsung, Total) i yesɛan iẓuran d tiṛmisin deg ugar n tmurt tamyiwent. Tikebbaniyin-a feṛṛqent afares-nsent: ttgent anadi ussnan deg tmura timekcbirin, ma d tafellaḥt neɣ amguri gen-t anect-a deg tmura ideg atig n uxeddim rxiṣ. '''Taggazin n yidrimen''' : Adrim, talɣut d yihriten ttazzalen deg kra n tsinin seg New York ɣer Tokyo neɣ London s useqdec n yizeḍwan iliktruniyen. === 2.2 Tatiknulujit d taywalt === Tatiknulujit d azaglu iɣef ibedd usmaḍel amirant: '''Internet d yizeḍwan imettiyen''': Asnulfu n Web, n yismartfunen d wallalen n taywalt yerran amaḍal am yiwet n taddart meẓẓiyen ("taddart tanmaḍalt"). Yal talɣut tettuɣal d tin yettwassnen deg yal tama deg tasint kan. '''Assiweḍ atrar''': Iɣerruba imeqranen n yIgburen, d yibriden n tmacinin yeskelsen akud d watug n yinig d sselɛa. === 2.3 Tasertit d tsuda tigraɣlanin === Asmaḍel yessedrem azref n Uwanek-aɣlan i yesɛan tanaya tummidt ɣef tmurt-is: Tizmar n yiwanaken ttwarnant sɣur tudsiwin timaḍlanin (am ONU, OMC, FMI, Tadukli n Turuft). Llan yilugan d yisuḍaf igraɣlanen i yettḥettimen iman-nsen ɣef tsertit n yal tamurt deg wayen yeɛnan tadamsa, izerfan n umdan, d uselḥu n tsertit n tedrimt. === 2.4 Idles d tmetti === Idles yegla-d s unbeddel ameqran: '''Asured n yidles amaḍlan''': Abrid n tudert n tmura n Umalu (ladɣa Marikan) yuɣal d amedya deg umaḍal: aselsi (am djinz), učči arurad (fast-food), sinima n Hollywood, d uẓawan apupiler. '''Tutlayt taglizit''': Tuɣal d tutlayt tagraɣlant n tnezzut, n tussna d tesnatiknulujit. '''Amanuḍ adelsan deg umihi''': Tuget n tutlayin d yidelsan inasliyen ttqabalen imihi n ungar acku ur zmirent ara ad ddunt d tneflit n wallalen n taywalt atraren yebnan ɣef kra n tutlayin kan timeqqranin. === 2.5 Tawennaḍt d tekriḍt tamezdayt === Tawennaḍt ur tefriq ara gar tlisa: '''Abeddel n unezwi''': Asuget n lgaz n ussemdu yeḥman d ufus n temguri yegla-d s teẓɣelt n umtiweg d uceṛceṛ n ugris deg yigarawen d yisafen. '''Aluɣu''': Asuffeɣ n yiḍumman, asṛuḥu n tẓegwa deg Amazonya neɣ deg Tefriqt, d usemres s yir udem n tebaɣurin tigamanin d tamsalt i yeɛnan amaḍal akk, mačči kan yiwen n uwanek. == 3. Tanfiwin d yiburuyen n usmaḍel == Asmaḍel yewwi-d kra n tenfiwin timeqranin i talsa: '''Asider n wazal n sselɛa''': Aserxes n ufares yegla-d s usedmer n watugen, ayen i yeǧǧan iɣerfan ad afen allalen n tetiknulujit (iselkimen, tilifunan, isafaren n tujjya) s rrexs. '''Taneflit tadamsant deg kra n tmura''': Timura yellan d tigellilin am Ccinwa, Lhend neɣ Vietnam snernant tadamsa-nsent s usekcem n uxeddim d usebded n temguri tameqrant. '''Anbeddel n tussna d umeslay''': Asnerni n tmusni deg tussna, d tallelt n umɛawan gar tmura deg talliyin n tzeɣnin neɣ watṭanen (am waṭṭan n COVID-19). '''Tilleli n ufus d inig''': Tuget n yimdanen zemren ad inigen, ad lemmden deg tesdawiyin n berra, yerna ad ssnen idelsan nniḍen. 14md3vj5wgqql0eey9mxi5w8bmtc1g8 117481 117480 2026-09-24T10:18:39Z Gurzil90x 14292 seɣtiɣ kra n tuccḍiwin 117481 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Tugna:Early migrations mercator.svg|vignette|Inigen imezwura n talsa.]] '''Asmaḍel''' (neɣ '''Tasmaḍelt''', s tefransist: Mondialisation neɣ Globalisation, s teglizit: Globalization) d akala d umussu ameqran n usemres, n tuqqna d usegrew gar tmura, tidamsiwin, tmettiyin d yidelsan n umtiweg n Lqaɛa meṛṛa. Yettgensis-d assaɣen i d-yezzin i umaḍal akk, ideg ay ssenqasen tlisa gar yiwanaken, yerna yettili-d userked n yiwen n wulzuz (ssuq) agraɣlan ideg ttazzalen yilzazen (sselɛat), imeẓla, idrimen (ihriten), tilɣa d yimdanen s tazzla tameqrant yerna war aḥbaṣ. Xas akken asmaḍel yebda-d seg zik s tnezzut tagraɣlant d unadi ɣef yimuka imaynuten, aswir-is yulin s lǧehd seg tagara n tasut tis 20, ladɣa seld aɣelluy n Uɣrab n Berlin (1989) d unnerni ussnan d utiknuluji, ladɣa s usnulfu n Internet d ttawilat n taywalt tatrart. == 1. Amezruy n usmaḍel == === 1.1 Talliyin timenza === Abrid ɣer usmaḍel ur d-yelli ara d ayen i d-yusan deg yiwen wass. Seg tallit taqburt, llan yimussuyen n wembaddel deg wulzuz gar yegduden: '''Abrid n Usilki''' (Abrid n leḥrir): Yeqqen Asya d Turuft d Tefriqt Ugafa, yegla-d s wembaddel n sselɛat, d ussegrew n tmusniwin. '''Isaffen d yillelen''': Ilel Agrakal yella d asayes ameqran ideg mlalen Yimaziɣen (Inumidiyen, Ifniqiyen), Igrigiyen d Yirumanen. === 1.2 Tagrawla tamgurant d usehres === Deg tasut tis 15 d tis 16, tizmert n tmura n Turuft terna mi d-ufan imuka imaynuten (am Marikan). Deg tasut tis 18 d tis 19, tagrawla tamgurant tessaweḍ ɣer usedmer n tmacint n iraggen, abrid n wuzzal d uselket alemmas n sselɛa. Tallit-a tella daɣen d tallit n usehres (tameharsa) ansa i d-yewwi Umalu tabaɣurt tameqrant seg Tefriqt d Wasya. === 1.3 Tallit tamezdayt deffir 1945 === Deffir Ṭṭraḍ Amaḍlan Wis Sin, timura timeqranin sbeddent-d anagraw n Bretton Woods (1944)[4]. Dɣa d aya i d-yeslulen: Asenduq n Tedrimt Agraɣlan (FMI) Lbanka Tamaḍlant (Banque Mondiale) GATT, i yuɣalen d Tuddsa Tanmaḍalt n Tnezzut (OMC) deg useggas n 1995. Seg useggas n 1990 d asawen, mi yeɣli Uɣrab n Berlin tekfa [[Tadukli n Tegdudiwin Tinemlayin Tisuvyitiyin|Tdukli Tasuvyatit]], anagraw n [[Asihri|usihri]] yessaweḍ ɣer yal tiɣmert deg umaḍal, dɣa yekcem umaḍal deg wayen iwumi neqqar Asmaḍel atrar. == 2. Iḥricen igejdanen n usmaḍel == === 2.1 Tadamsa d ulzuz amaḍlan === Deg wenrar n tdamsa, asmaḍel yesnulfa-d yiwen n wulzuz anmaḍal ameqran: '''Tanezzut tilellit''' : Tukksa n tewsitin neɣ n yizerfan n tedwant d usekru n yiweẓla gar yiwanaken. '''Tikebbaniyin tigetɣelnawin''' (Multinationales): D tikebbaniyin timeqranin (am Apple, Toyota, Samsung, Total) i yesɛan iẓuran d tiṛmisin deg ugar n tmurt tamyiwent. Tikebbaniyin-a feṛṛqent afares-nsent: ttgent anadi ussnan deg tmura timekcbirin, ma d tafellaḥt neɣ amguri gen-t anect-a deg tmura ideg atig n uxeddim rxiṣ. '''Taggazin n yidrimen''' : Adrim, talɣut d yihriten ttazzalen deg kra n tsinin seg New York ɣer Tokyo neɣ London s useqdec n yizeḍwan iliktruniyen. === 2.2 Tatiknulujit d taywalt === Tatiknulujit d azaglu iɣef ibedd usmaḍel amirant: '''Internet d yizeḍwan imettiyen''': Asnulfu n Web, n yismartfunen d wallalen n taywalt yerran amaḍal am yiwet n taddart meẓẓiyen ("taddart tanmaḍalt"). Yal talɣut tettuɣal d tin yettwassnen deg yal tama deg tasint kan. '''Assiweḍ atrar''': Iɣerruba imeqranen n yIgburen, d yibriden n tmacinin yeskelsen akud d watug n yinig d sselɛa. === 2.3 Tasertit d tsuda tigraɣlanin === Asmaḍel yessedrem azref n Uwanek-aɣlan i yesɛan tanaya tummidt ɣef tmurt-is: Tizmar n yiwanaken ttwarnant sɣur tudsiwin timaḍlanin (am ONU, OMC, FMI, Tadukli n Turuft). Llan yilugan d yisuḍaf igraɣlanen i yettḥettimen iman-nsen ɣef tsertit n yal tamurt deg wayen yeɛnan tadamsa, izerfan n umdan, d uselḥu n tsertit n tedrimt. === 2.4 Idles d tmetti === Idles yegla-d s unbeddel ameqran: '''Asured n yidles amaḍlan''': Abrid n tudert n tmura n Umalu (ladɣa Marikan) yuɣal d amedya deg umaḍal: aselsi (am djinz), učči arurad (fast-food), sinima n Hollywood, d uẓawan apupiler. '''Tutlayt taglizit''': Tuɣal d tutlayt tagraɣlant n tnezzut, n tussna d tesnatiknulujit. '''Amanuḍ adelsan deg umihi''': Tuget n tutlayin d yidelsan inasliyen ttqabalen imihi n ungar acku ur zmirent ara ad ddunt d tneflit n wallalen n taywalt atraren yebnan ɣef kra n tutlayin kan timeqqranin. === 2.5 Tawennaḍt d tekriḍt tamezdayt === Tawennaḍt ur tefriq ara gar tlisa: '''Abeddel n unezwi''': Asuget n lgaz n ussemdu yeḥman d ufus n temguri yegla-d s teẓɣelt n umtiweg d uceṛceṛ n ugris deg yigarawen d yisafen. '''Aluɣu''': Asuffeɣ n yiḍumman, asṛuḥu n tẓegwa deg Amazonya neɣ deg Tefriqt, d usemres s yir udem n tebaɣurin tigamanin d tamsalt i yeɛnan amaḍal akk, mačči kan yiwen n uwanek. == 3. Tanfiwin n usmaḍel == Asmaḍel yewwi-d kra n tenfiwin timeqranin i talsa: '''Asider n wazal n sselɛa''': Aserxes n ufares yegla-d s usedmer n watugen, ayen i yeǧǧan iɣerfan ad afen allalen n tetiknulujit (iselkimen, tilifunan, isafaren n tujjya) s rrexs. '''Taneflit tadamsant deg kra n tmura''': Timura yellan d tigellilin am Ccinwa, Lhend neɣ Vietnam snernant tadamsa-nsent s usekcem n uxeddim d usebded n temguri tameqrant. '''Anbeddel n tussna d umeslay''': Asnerni n tmusni deg tussna, d tallelt n umɛawan gar tmura deg talliyin n tzeɣnin neɣ watṭanen (am waṭṭan n COVID-19). '''Tilleli n ufus d inig''': Tuget n yimdanen zemren ad inigen, ad lemmden deg tesdawiyin n berra, yerna ad ssnen idelsan nniḍen. 83z1zogopni7hw6j4fu6ojof1368ge3 0 25586 117477 117461 2026-09-23T18:57:33Z Gurzil90x 14292 arniɣ ayen ilaqen 117477 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dyuklisyan''' (Diocletianus s tlaṭinit; azal n 244–311 SL.Ɛ.) yella d amenkad arumani seg 284 ar 305 SL.Ɛ. Yettwaḥsab gar yimenkaden {{Infobox biography|item=Q43107|image=[[File:Istanbul Archaeology Museum Bust of Diocletian, from Nikomedia, Izmit, end 3rd century AD 1536.jpg|thumb|Asalay n Isṭanbul, Asebdad n uqeṛṛu n Dyuklisyan]]|caption=Amenkad Dyuklisyan.}} i yesɛan azal meqqren deg umezruy n Tmenkda Tarumanit, acku deg tallit-is i yettwabeddel s wudem ameqqran wamek i tettuddus tmenkda, wamek i tettwaḍebber, wamek i tettwaseḥbes tsertit-is d wamek i yettwasebded ujerriḍ-is askari. Dyuklisyan ur d-yusi ara seg twacult n yimenkaden. Yekker-d seg yiwet n tallit anda Tamenkda Tarumanit tettidir uguren imeqqranen: uguren isertanen, imeɣriyen gar iserdasen, ṭṭraḍ deg yidurar n tilisa, uguren n tedrimt, d ubeddel n yimenkaden s lemɣawla. Mi yekcem ɣer leḥkem deg 284, yebda ad yerr adabu d tmenkda ɣer yiwen n unagraw iǧehden ugar. == 1. Talalit-is d temẓi-is == Isem-is n talalit yella, ɣef wakken i d-ttawin tuget n yinagmayen, '''Diocles'''. Ilul azal n 244 SL.Ɛ. deg tmurt n Dalmatia, deg yiwet n temnaḍt n Balkans i yellan imir-nni ddaw Tmenkda Tarumanit. Ur d-yekki ara seg yiwet n twacult tameqrant neɣ tamerkantit. Amedya-is yemgarad ɣef waṭas n yimenkaden yezrin: abrid-is ɣer leḥkem ibna-t s waṭas ɣef unekcum-is ɣer tredsa n Rum d usali-is deg yiswiren n tredsa n tɛessast n umenkad. Ayagi yesɛa azal meqqren deg tallit-nni. Tamenkda Tarumanit n tasut tis kraḍ tettɛawan s waṭas ɣef iserdasen: win i yesɛan tazmert ad yawi iserdasen ɣer tama-s yezmer ad yuɣal d amenkad. == 2. Tamenkda Tarumanit uqbel Dyuklisyan == Iwakken ad nefhem azal n Dyuklisyan, ilaq ad nefhem ayen i d-yellan uqbel-is. Gar azal n 235 d 284 SL.Ɛ., Rum tedder yiwet n tallit i yettwassnen deg umezruy am taɣzent n tasut tis kraḍ. Deg kra n 50 n yiseggasen kan, aṭas n yimenkaden kkin-d ɣer leḥkem, waṭas seg-sen ttwanɣan neɣ ttwaksen s ṭṭraḍ. Tamenkda tettwaɛreḍ s waṭas n wuguren: iɣerfan d trebbuyaɛ iǧirmaniyen deg ugafa, Tamenkda Tasasanit n yifarisiyen deg usammar, igrawen iserdasen yemgaraden d ṭṭraḍ gar iserdasen irumaniyen, aɣlay n tedrimt, timerna n ssuma n lḥwayeǧ, akked uxṣar n laman deg tsertit. Deg kra n yiseggasen, Tamenkda Tarumanit qrib ad tebḍu ɣef kraḍ n tmenkadin yemgaraden. Dyuklisyan yewweḍ ɣer leḥkem deg yiwet n taɣzent akka. == 3. Anekcum-is ɣer leḥkem == Deg 284, amenkad '''Numerianus''' yemmut deg tegnatin ur nettwassen ara akken iwata. Iserdasen i yellan deg usammar xtaren Dyuklisyan d amenkad. Maca '''Carinus''', gma n Numerianus, yella mazal yeṭṭef adabu deg umalu. Gar sin-nsen yella ṭṭraḍ. Deg 285, ''Carinus'' yemmut, Dyuklisyan yuɣal d win i yettḥekkimen ɣef tuget n Tmenkda Tarumanit. Maca Dyuklisyan yegza yiwet n tɣawsa: tmenkda tewsaɛ d tameqrant nezzeh i wakken ad tt-iḥkem yiwen n umdan kan. Seg dagi i d-yebda yiwen seg yibeddilen-is imeqqranen. 7f4sa07o6aeedhw08x6lq0tc04o2q1g 117478 117477 2026-09-23T20:07:55Z Gurzil90x 14292 seɣtiɣ kra n tuccḍiwin 117478 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dyuklisyan''' (Diocletianus s tlaṭinit; azal n 244–311 SL.Ɛ.) yella d amenkad arumani seg 284 ar 305 SL.Ɛ. Yettwaḥsab gar yimenkaden {{Infobox biography|item=Q43107|image=[[File:Istanbul Archaeology Museum Bust of Diocletian, from Nikomedia, Izmit, end 3rd century AD 1536.jpg|thumb|Asalay n Isṭanbul, Asebdad n uqeṛṛu n Dyuklisyan]]|caption=Amenkad Dyuklisyan.}} i yesɛan azal meqqren deg umezruy n Tmenkda Tarumanit, acku deg tallit-is i yettwabeddel s wudem ameqqran wamek i tettuddus tmenkda, wamek i tettwaḍebber, wamek i tettwaseḥbes tsertit-is d wamek i yettwasebded ujerriḍ-is askari. Dyuklisyan ur d-yusi ara seg twacult n yimenkaden. Yekker-d seg yiwet n tallit anda Tamenkda Tarumanit tettidir uguren imeqqranen: uguren isertanen, imeɣriyen gar iserdasen, ṭṭraḍ deg yidurar n tilisa, uguren n tedrimt, d ubeddel n yimenkaden s lemɣawla. Mi yekcem ɣer leḥkem deg 284, yebda ad yerr adabu d tmenkda ɣer yiwen n unagraw iǧehden ugar. == 1. Talalit-is d temẓi-is == Isem-is n talalit yella, ɣef wakken i d-ttawin tuget n yinagmayen, '''Diocles'''. Ilul azal n 244 SL.Ɛ. deg tmurt n Dalmatia, deg yiwet n temnaḍt n Balkans i yellan imir-nni ddaw Tmenkda Tarumanit. Ur d-yekki ara seg yiwet n twacult tameqrant neɣ tamerkantit. Amedya-is yemgarad ɣef waṭas n yimenkaden yezrin: abrid-is ɣer leḥkem ibna-t s waṭas ɣef unekcum-is ɣer tredsa n Rum d usali-is deg yiswiren n tredsa n tɛessast n umenkad. Ayagi yesɛa azal meqqren deg tallit-nni. Tamenkda Tarumanit n tasut tis kraḍ tettɛawan s waṭas ɣef iserdasen: win i yesɛan tazmert ad yawi iserdasen ɣer tama-s yezmer ad yuɣal d amenkad. == 2. Tamenkda Tarumanit uqbel Dyuklisyan == Iwakken ad nefhem azal n Dyuklisyan, ilaq ad nefhem ayen i d-yellan uqbel-is. Gar azal n 235 d 284 SL.Ɛ., Rum tedder yiwet n tallit i yettwassnen deg umezruy am tazɣent n tasut tis kraḍ. Deg kra n 50 n yiseggasen kan, aṭas n yimenkaden kkin-d ɣer leḥkem, waṭas seg-sen ttwanɣan neɣ ttwaksen s ṭṭraḍ. Tamenkda tettwaɛreḍ s waṭas n wuguren: iɣerfan d trebbuyaɛ iǧirmaniyen deg ugafa, Tamenkda Tasasanit n yifarisiyen deg usammar, igrawen iserdasen yemgaraden d ṭṭraḍ gar iserdasen irumaniyen, aɣlay n tedrimt, timerna n ssuma n lḥwayeǧ, akked uxṣar n laman deg tsertit. Deg kra n yiseggasen, Tamenkda Tarumanit qrib ad tebḍu ɣef kraḍ n tmenkadin yemgaraden. Dyuklisyan yewweḍ ɣer leḥkem deg yiwet n taɣzent akka. == 3. Anekcum-is ɣer leḥkem == Deg 284, amenkad '''Numerianus''' yemmut deg tegnatin ur nettwassen ara akken iwata. Iserdasen i yellan deg usammar xtaren Dyuklisyan d amenkad. Maca '''Carinus''', gma n Numerianus, yella mazal yeṭṭef adabu deg umalu. Gar sin-nsen yella ṭṭraḍ. Deg 285, ''Carinus'' yemmut, Dyuklisyan yuɣal d win i yettḥekkimen ɣef tuget n Tmenkda Tarumanit. Maca Dyuklisyan yegza yiwet n tɣawsa: tmenkda tewsaɛ d tameqrant nezzeh i wakken ad tt-iḥkem yiwen n umdan kan. Seg dagi i d-yebda yiwen seg yibeddilen-is imeqqranen. mc91z23ggwxq8w5vbxuze6fu017vvvf 3 25590 117471 2026-09-23T12:52:14Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 17168 Asebtar amaynut: Ur ttaǧǧa ara iznan dagi! Deg umḍiq-is, ṛuḥ ɣer [[:tum:User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]. Don't leave messages here! Instead, go to [[:tum:User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]. 117471 wikitext text/x-wiki Ur ttaǧǧa ara iznan dagi! Deg umḍiq-is, ṛuḥ ɣer [[:tum:User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]. Don't leave messages here! Instead, go to [[:tum:User talk:Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi]]. db5qoiipmi2f0jn97x5lmfmxc17uh2m 0 25591 117479 2026-09-24T02:52:35Z Viyowoyero-vya-Malaŵi 17168 Asebtar amaynut: {{Databox}} Tifranin tiselwayanin uqbel lawan llant-d deg wakal n [[Usetya n Wenẓul]] aydeg yella umciweṛ ass n 18 Ctembeṛ 2026.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Власти Южной Осетии объявили дату выборов президента |url=https://www.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/424561 |date=1 July 2026 |access-date=5 July 2026 |work=Caucasian Knot |lang=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=South Ossetia's de facto presidential election set for September 18... 117479 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tifranin tiselwayanin uqbel lawan llant-d deg wakal n [[Usetya n Wenẓul]] aydeg yella umciweṛ ass n 18 Ctembeṛ 2026.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Власти Южной Осетии объявили дату выборов президента |url=https://www.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/424561 |date=1 July 2026 |access-date=5 July 2026 |work=Caucasian Knot |lang=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=South Ossetia's de facto presidential election set for September 18 |url=https://georgiatoday.ge/south-ossetias-de-facto-presidential-election-set-for-september-18/ |date=1 July 2026 |access-date=5 July 2026 |work=Georgia Today |lang=en}}</ref> Tafrant-a tella-d deffir ma yettaṭṭaf uselway Alan Gagloyev, ay yeffɣen seg udabu ass n 23 Yunyu 2026 akken ad yeqbel amkan n umsefham ddaw uselway arusi Vladimir Putin.<ref name="PresidentResigns">{{Cite news |title=South Ossetian President Alan Gagloyev resigns |url=https://oc-media.org/south-ossetian-president-alan-gagloev-resigns/ |date=23 June 2026 |access-date=25 June 2026 |work=OC Media |lang=en |first=Elizaveta |last=Chukharova}}</ref> Ayyur uqbel waya, Gagloyev yella yestenya leɛqed n wemɛiwen ed [[Rrus]] ay yeǧǧan iɣermanen irusiyen ad ṭṭfen imukan n uxeddim deg Usetya n Wenẓul. Imi ay yeṭṭaxxer uselway n tegduda zik, amagrad wis 55 n tmenḍawt yefka-d lewṣayat dakken yessefk ad d-ilint tefranin ur ttɛeddayen ara 90 n wussan deffir ma yeṭṭaxxer uselway n tegduda.<ref name="ConstitutionSouthOssetia">{{Cite web|url=https://rsogov.org/republic/constitution |title=Конституция (Constitution) |publisher=Government of the Republic of South Ossetia |accessdate=25 June 2026 |language=ru |url-status=live |archive-date=19 May 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260519193719/https://rsogov.org/republic/constitution}}</ref> Aktamur aneggaru n wid yettekkan deg tefranin-a yella-d s 82,65%. Am wakken ay d-llant tefranin ay d-yellan yagi deg Usetya n Wenẓul, tafrant-a tesɛa tizemmar n tugdut yettwaḍemnen ed ussejhed n tallelt n uwanak deffir umazwar ay ḥemmlen medden.<ref name="KambolovOutsider">{{Cite news |title=With a Russian outsider expected to be South Ossetia's President, is annexation on the agenda? |url=https://oc-media.org/with-a-russian-outsider-expected-to-be-south-ossetias-president-is-annexation-on-the-agenda/ |date=9 September 2026 |access-date=19 September 2026 |work=OC Media |lang=en |first=Elizaveta |last=Chukharova |quote=Vartanyan believes that the space for a strong alternative was substantially narrowed even before the campaign officially began. |archive-date=15 September 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260915174529/https://oc-media.org/with-a-russian-outsider-expected-to-be-south-ossetias-president-is-annexation-on-the-agenda/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Tadukli Tuṛufit tugi ad testeɛṛef s tefranin-a d tid ay d-yellan s lqanun, yerna tenna-d dakken akala-a d akemmel n yisuḍaf i lmend n ussidef n Rrus n Usetya n Wenẓul deg uzekka. Juṛjya tḥettem-d daɣen ɣef tefranin-a ur nelli d tizerfanin, yerna tenna-d akala-a n tefranin yeqbel asaḍuf agraɣlan imi ay d-yekcem deg tdukli n wakal n Juṛjya. Imḍebbren n Usetya n Wenẓul uznen-d ineɣmasen yettwafernen akken ad d-ssiwḍen tafrant-a,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Открытость и объективность: около 70 журналистов освещают президентские выборы в Южной Осетии |url=https://cominf.org/node/1166571575 |date=18 September 2026 |access-date=19 September 2026 |work=[[State Information Agency]] |lang=ru}}</ref> deg wakud ay deg sseqdacen daɣen aṭas n yiblugen irusiyen d inaẓuren n tefranin. Tafrant-a tella-d daɣ s tmerniwt s tɣawla n [[Marat Kambolov]], ay yuɣalen d aselway s tɣawla deffir ma yettɛadda Gagloyev ass n 23 Yunyu, deffir ma yettwasemma-d seg melmi kan d aneɣlaf amenzu sɣur wemni n Usetya n Wenẓul ass n 16 Yunyu.<ref name="PresidentResigns" /> Kambolov yuɣal d aselway yettwafernen n Usetya n Wenẓul ass n 19 Ctembeṛ deffir ma tenna-d CEC d akken yerbeḥ ma ulac 85% seg tuɣac.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Russia-backed South Ossetia elects leader close to Moscow |last=Papachristou |first=Lucy |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/russia-backed-south-ossetia-elects-leader-close-moscow-2026-09-19/ |date=19 September 2026 |access-date=19 September 2026 |work=Reuters |lang=en}}</ref> Deg tallit n ussekles, Kambolov yella yettwaɛawen sɣur Putin yerna yufa-d lḥeqq ama seg unabaḍ ay yeqqimen deg wemkan-nnes, ama seg tenmegla. Amḥaddi-nni kan ay d-yellan s ljehd mgal Kambolov, d imḍebber n Ira Farn, Hoh Chochiev, ay yettwaqbel seg tɣimit n tuɣdaḍt ɣef ljal n ur yessin ara ad yessiwel s trusi yerna tifelwiyin-nnes n ustenyi ur llint d tizerfanin. Chochiev yezɣen amazwar n Kambolov deg tgermant-nnes, yerna yenna-d Kambolov ur yesɛi ara lḥeqq n 10 n yiseggasen n tnezduɣt i yimazwaren ay yettekkan deg tefranin n tselwit n Usetya n Wenẓul. Imḍebber n Iron, Georgiy Kabisov, ur yezmir ara ad yettekki deg tefranin imi ay d-yella d aɛessas n tmenɣiwt ay yettwaḥebsen yerna yeqbel Eduard Gabarayev, ay tugi ula d netta seg tkarḍa n uskasi sɣur CEC ɣef ljal n wuguren ay d-yellan deg yisalan n wemdan. Amazwar n Ukabar n Usnefli, Fatima Khugayeva, d nettat kan ay d tamazwart n tmeṭṭut, tugi-tt imi ay tella tseqqamut-nnes n ussemres ddaw n 100 n yiɛeggalen ay d-yettwaḥettmen. Menɣir Kambolov, imḍebber n Tdukli, Zurab Kokoyev, ɣer yidis n ufesyan aqbur n KGB, Kazbek Kodoyev, ed umazwar n Yimeɣnasen n Alanya, Murat Valiyev, ttwasekkren-d daɣen i lmend n tɣimit-a. Taḥemla-a ttwasemman-tt ugar s uskasi ay d-yellan deg tiliẓri, imi ur llint ara tfelwiyin n tḥemla deg tallit n tḥemla. Deg uskasi amezwaru ɣef tsertit tanmettit ass n 28 Ɣuct, ttwaḥesben-d wuguren isnajyanen aydeg llan yimeslayen yettwaqerḍen d tugniwin ay yettwasfeḍen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Трансляция дебатов в Южной Осетии разочаровала пользователей |url=https://www.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/426165 |date=28 August 2026 |access-date=19 September 2026 |work=[[Caucasian Knot]] |lang=ru}}</ref> Uguren-a itwilanen ay yerzan aselkim aqbur deg uskasi amezwaru ssawḍen Kambolov ad yeɛfes ɣef uskasi wis sin ɣef tsertit tadamsant ay d-yellan ass n 8 Ctembeṛ.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Низкое качество трансляции дебатов в Южной Осетии назвали следствием устаревшего оборудования |url=https://www.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/426515 |date=10 September 2026 |access-date=19 September 2026 |work=[[Caucasian Knot]] |lang=ru}}</ref> Askasi wis kraḍ n 11 Ctembeṛ ɣef tsertit n tɣellist ur yelli ara deg-s ala Kodoyev. Armi d askasi wis 4 gar Valiev ed Kodoyev, iskasiyen-nni sneqsen lfayda yerna rnan ur ḥemmlen medden, yerna tiɣawsiwin n uskasi-nni llant d timeẓyanin. Timsal ay d-yellan deg tḥemla-a llant deg-sent aḥbas n yiɣil, asuter n lmizan yugar win n tlisa, tisertit tawennaḍant ed lexṣaṣ n ttawilat inagduden.<ref>{{Cite news |title=South Ossetia residents name region's main problems ahead of presidential election |url=https://jam-news.net/south-ossetia-residents-name-regions-main-problems-ahead-of-presidential-election/ |date=25 August 2026 |access-date=19 September 2026 |work=JAM News |lang=en |archive-date=3 September 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260903165202/https://jam-news.net/south-ossetia-residents-name-regions-main-problems-ahead-of-presidential-election/ |url-status=live }}</ref> == Tiɣbula == <references /> [[Taggayt:Tifranin]] [[Taggayt:Usetya n Wenẓul]] 7l1wp1j8v7m3xpl6xt6n6ojd5nktt5f