Wikipedia kcgwiki https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1tsak_Wat_Wu MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.16 first-letter Media Wat khwo A‌̱lyiat A‌̱tyunta̱m A‌̱lyiat a‌̱tyunta‌̱m Wukipedia A‌̱lyiat Wukipedia Fail A‌̱lyiat fail MediaWiki A‌̱lyiat MediaWiki Ta‌̱mpi‌̱let A‌̱lyiat ta‌̱mpi‌̱let Beang A‌̱lyiat beang Sa A‌̱lyiat nsa TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 105 49236 42364 2026-08-22T18:28:38Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49236 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ca̱caat|[[A̱daa (nwap)/Ca̱crak|Ca̱crak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[A̱daa (nwap)/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[A̱daa (nwap)/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[A̱daa (nwap)/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ta̱kad|[[A̱daa (nwap)/Ta̱kad|Ta̱kad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tuku|[[A̱daa (nwap)/Tuku|Tuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} '''A̱da''' ba (''[[Daa (a̱lyem)|Daa]]'': '''Ham''', ''[[Kpat (a̱lyem)|Kpat]]'': Jaba) yet nwap hwa nang ku shyia̱ di̱ [[A̱tak Ka̱duna|fam a̱tak]] [[Si̱tet Ka̱duna]], di̱ fam a̱ka̱wa̱tyia̱ a̱byin [[Naijeriya]] ka a̱ni,<ref>James, Ibrahim (1986). "The Ham in history : the Ham and their neighbours. Jos University Press. ISBN 978-166-038-4.</ref> ma̱ a̱di̱di̱t si̱ shyia̱ ba̱ng [[Susot a̱gwomna̱ti mali Naijeriya|Susot A̱gwomna̱ti Mali]] [[Jaba, Naijeriya|Jaba]], [[Ka̱ciya]] ma̱ng [[Ka̱ga̱rko]] á̱si̱ a̱tak Si̱tet Ka̱duna, [[Naijeriya]]. Daa ji ja yet a̱lyem mba ka, a̱wot ba̱ ngyei a̱pyia̱ mba ''Ham'', ba̱ si̱ yei a̱lyem mba ka ''Hyam''. A̱kpat wu ngyei mba ''Jaba'', a̱wot zop ghyiang mbwak [[Lyenlilyem|a̱tyulyen lilyem]] a̱ yet byina̱byin fam a̱byin hu (John 2017) a̱ni ku yong mi̱ cet a̱ si̱ kaat nyia̱ a̱lyoot 'Jaba' ka yet swang a̱lyiat tok ja. Mat a̱nia, ku myim a̱ lyang nji a̱ ji̱p.<ref>John, P. H. (2017). Narratives of identity and sociocultural worldview in song texts of the Ham of Nigeria: A discourse analysis investigation (Doctoral dissertation, Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University).</ref><ref>"[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/jab Hyam]". Ethnologue.</ref> Tyan jhyang ku sak shi á̱kpa A̱daa hu kpa̱mkpaan ma̱ng á̱niet 400,000.<ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/subgroups/hyamic]</ref> ==Nkhang== A̱ghyang a̱niet nwuak a̱cucuk nyia̱ A̱da ba, bibya ku tsa [[Taada Nok]] ji gbangbang di̱n jen ji á̱ ku tsa taat pyipyia̱ nghwughwu terakota na ba̱ tyai nkhang gbangbang na a̱ni ma̱ a̱bakeang A̱da ka nang á̱ ngyei [[Nok]] a̱ni.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The History of Western Africa: Britannica guide to Africa|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofwestern0000unse_r6h9|last=McKenna|first=Amy|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|year=2011|isbn=1615303162|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyofwestern0000unse_r6h9/page/173 173]}}</ref> == Taada == Á̱ song a̱yet Tuk-Ham (A̱tuk-A̱da kya ka) kuzang a̱lyia̱ mami a̱keang [[Kwain]] (nang A̱kpat wu ku byian yei hu ba̱ si̱ gyei ''Kwoi'' a̱ni), mi̱ [[Susot a̱gwomna̱ti mali Naijeriya|Sot A̱gwomna̱ti Mali]] [[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]]. Á̱ song song a̱ja da̱ a̱beam a̱cak Ita wa.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Nigeria, a People United, a Future Assured: Survey of states|last=Matthew-Daniel|first=B. J. St.|last2=Mamman|first2=A. B.|last3=Petters|first3=Sunday W.|last4=Oyebanji|first4=J. Oluwole|last5=Federal Ministry of Information Nigeria|publisher=Federal Ministry of Information Nigeria|year=2000|isbn=9780104321|pages=250}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.zodml.org/content/tuk-ham#.WJD6bBuLTIU|title=Tuk-Ham|newspaper=ZODML|language=en|access-date=2017-01-31}}</ref> == Khwi == A̱lyiak A̱da ba yet [[Khwikristi|Krista]] bya, á̱ tyan shi a̱kpa mba hu ma̱ng shi 85% mami a̱yaa̱kpa 100%. Kpa̱mkpaan ma̱ng 75% a̱mgba̱m á̱niet ba yet, si̱sak ma̱ng nunu ghyáng, "Krista A̱vanjelikat" bya, ma̱ng 10% ba̱ shyia̱ ma̱ng susot Krista jhyáng ja a̱ni.<ref>[https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/12165/NI Nwuai Joshua project da̱ á̱niet Ham ba]</ref> ==A̱lyem== A̱da ba lyiat ma̱ng [[Daa (a̱lyem)|Daa]] ja. == Kwai-nfwuo-á̱niet== Á̱ ngyei á̱nietba̱ngtyok (ku á̱gwam) A̱da ba ''Kpop Ham''. ''Kpop Ham'' wu mi̱ di̱ yong huni wa yet A̱tyushityok (A̱ST) Kpop-Ham wu [[Jonathan Gyet Maude|Dr. Jonathan Danladi Gyet Maude (J.P.), OON]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210629114934/https://hamculturalheritage.org/ HAM CULTURAL HERITAGE]. HAM CULTURAL HERITAGE.</ref> ==A̱ca̱cet á̱niet== A̱ca̱cet á̱niet ma̱ng a̱sok A̱da a̱ni bya ba: * [[Martin Luther Agwai]] * [[Andrew Jonathan Nok]] * [[Adamu Maikori]], la̱uya a̱son a̱ neet ghwut ma̱ [[A̱tak Ka̱duna]] a̱ni * [[Audu Maikori]], a̱tyukpaat ma̱ng Group CEO a̱si̱ lebet rekwot Chocolate City Entertainment * [[Yahaya Maikori]], a̱tyukpaat ma̱ng Group CEO a̱si̱ lebet rekwot Chocolate City Entertainment * [[Ishaya Ibrahim|Admiral Ishaya Iko Ibrahim]], Chief of Naval Staff gbangbang ma̱ng Sarkin Yaki Ham * [[Felix Hyatt|Felix Hassan Hyet]], Minister of Aviation gbangbang * [[Danlami Sambo|Justice Danlami Sambo]], Justice Sokoto High Court gbangbang * [[A̱tyokhwu Dr. Chris Abashiya]], A̱tyulyuut, A̱tyukwainfwuo ma̱ng Activist * [[Usman Mu'azu|A̱tyokhwu AVM Usman Ma'azu]], Military Administrator gbangbang a̱si̱ A̱byin Ka̱duna * [[Col T.K Zabairu]], Military Administrator gbangbang a̱si̱ A̱byin Imo * Ambassador Nuhu Bajoga, A̱tyubeang Gwomna A̱byin Ka̱duna, 2011-2015 == A̱ya̱fang == {{reflist}} [[Sa:Nnwap_swanta]] [[Sa:Nnwap_Afrika]] [[Sa:Nnwap mi̱ Naijeriya]] 14jqnrfa6zcbo176pxj36mv30aso1wu 0 355 49255 47523 2026-08-22T18:38:04Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49255 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ca̱caat|[[Bi/Ca̱crak|Ca̱crak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[Bi/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[Bi/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[Bi/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ta̱kad|[[Bi/Ta̱kad|Ta̱kad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tuku|[[Bi/Tuku|Tuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} [[Fail:Bed bug, Cimex lectularius.jpg|thumb|Bi jhyang ji̱ ku kwop a̱ni (''Cimex lectularius'')]] '''Bi''' ji (á̱kpa: '''bí''' ''ji'') yet a̱da̱dei nyam wa, a̱ li nang [[a̱ga̱swan]] a̱ni. Mi̱ bí ja yet á̱ga̱swan ba̱ ku sa nnyuai á̱ kwak a̱sok a̱tyubishyi<ref name=GP2009>{{cite journal |vauthors=Doggett SL, Russell R |title=Bed bugs – What the GP needs to know |journal=Aust Fam Physician |volume=38 |issue=11 |pages=880–4 |date=November 2009 |pmid=19893834 }}</ref>. Nywai mba hu si̱ mi̱n ntei zwan ma̱ a̱di̱di̱t, mun ma̱ng vam surup, cin [[fwu]], ma̱ng a̱yaalama nzwan ma̱di̱di̱t.<ref>https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/bedbugs/faqs.html</ref> Nywai Bi si̱ mi̱n tyia̱ kwa nvam shyai kyiak neet ma̱ng a̱didai a̱shong nyan a̱vwuo si nat a̱cecet nkyang nyinyan surup.<ref name=And2006>{{cite book |author1=James, William D. |author2=Berger, Timothy G. |title=Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology |url=https://archive.org/details/andrewsdiseaseso0000jame_10ed |publisher=Saunders Elsevier |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-7216-2921-6 |display-authors=etal|page=[https://archive.org/details/andrewsdiseaseso0000jame_10ed/page/446 446]}}</ref><ref name="Ib2017">{{cite journal |last1=Ibrahim |first1=O |last2=Syed |first2=UM |last3=Tomecki |first3=KJ |date=March 2017 |title=Bedbugs: Helping your patient through an infestation. |journal=Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine |volume=84 |issue=3 |pages=207–211 |doi=10.3949/ccjm.84a.15024 |pmid=28322676 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A̱lama wu ni kyiak tsa̱tsak jen si̱ nat mmam gu sii̱ ghwut a̱wot sweang hu ku kai koji ma̱ng vsm hu.<ref name=Ib2017/> A̱ghyang a̱niet ni fa̱k van hwa ku shenshyim.<ref name=Ib2017/> Typically, uncovered areas of the body are affected.<ref name=Ib2017/> Jen jhyang, a̱ka̱vwuo na á̱ nwai kup mi̱n vam ang hu a̱ni nia ni shyia̱ nywai hu.<ref name=Ib2017/> Nywai nji hu á̱ lyen nyia̱ ku tei zwán bah.<ref name=GP2009/><ref name=CDC2017Trans>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/bedbugs/faqs.html|title=Bed Bugs FAQs|date=2 May 2017|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|access-date=2 October 2018|archive-date=22 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922030210/https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/bedbugs/faqs.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Fwuo byan hu hwa yet nki a̱ li a̱ka̱vwuo mi̱n kwa vam hu seap shong ku surup.<ref name=Ib2017/> ==Byinban da̱ a̱tyubishyi== [[File:Bedbugb1.JPG|thumb|Nywai Bi]] [[File:Bedbugb2.JPG|thumb|Nywai Bi]] Bí nin shyia̱ koji a̱wot ba̱ nywai a̱nietbishyi, á̱ tei li shishik a̱wot ma̱ jen jhyang ba̱ kwak a̱ka̱bung a̱ghyang. Á̱ kan shyia̱ a̱bat ka ka̱ na tak nyia̱ bí tei [[Zwan X|zwan]] a̱ni bah<ref name=GP2009/><ref name=CDC2017Trans/> ku ma̱nang ba̱ wa nghwut a̱ghyi ma̱ng a̱ghyi a̱ni tyia̱ nwuak shim nang ba̱ ncong ma̱ng zwan a̱wot á̱ si̱ nyia̱ zwop di̱ a̱tangka̱i tyifwuo hu ni. <ref name=GP2009/> ==A̱ya̱fang== {{reflist}} {{Swánga̱lyiatwuki}} [[Sa:Nkyangcet]] [[Sa:Nyám]] h871ilm62x6ezeutkvfod55k6rowtq5 0 556 49259 45201 2026-08-22T18:39:52Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49259 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ca̱caat|[[Leonardo DiCaprio/Ca̱crak|Ca̱crak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[Leonardo DiCaprio/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[Leonardo DiCaprio/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[Leonardo DiCaprio/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ta̱kad|[[Leonardo DiCaprio/Ta̱kad|Ta̱kad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tuku|[[Leonardo DiCaprio/Tuku|Tuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} '''Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio'''<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Leonardo-DiCaprio "Leonardo DiCaprio". Encyclopædia Britannica.]</ref> (yei Shong: /diˈkæprioʊ/; yei Italiya /diˈkaːprjo/; byin a̱tuk mam 11 Zwat Swak ma̱ng Jhyiung 1974 ) yet a̱tyu nkhang Telvishon [[Muná̱pyia̱ Sí̱tet]] wa. ==Fang a̱pyia̱== *Cartlidge, Cherese (2011). "Leonardo DiCaprio". Greenhaven Publishing LLC. ISBN 978-1-4205-0427-9 *Catalano, Grace (1997). "[https://archive.org/details/leonardodicaprio00cata Leonardo DiCaprio: Modern-Day Romeo]". Dell Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-440-22701-4 *Furgang, Kathy; Furgang, Adam (2008). "Leonardo DiCaprio: Environmental Champion". The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. ISBN 978-1-4042-1764-5 *{{cite book|last=Green|first=Matt|title=Celebrity Biographies - The Amazing Life Of Leonardo Di Caprio and Robert Downey Jr. - Famous Stars|publisher=Matt Green|id=GGKEY:9WD0G16K1KF|year=2015}} *{{cite book |last=Muir |first=John Kenneth |title=The Unseen Force: The Films of Sam Raimi |year=2004 |publisher=Applause: Theatre & Cinema Books |isbn=978-1-55783-607-6 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/unseenforcefi00muir }} *{{cite book |last=Müller |first=Jürgen |title=Movies of the 90s |url=https://archive.org/details/moviesof90s0000unse |year=2001 |publisher=[[Taschen]] |isbn=978-3-8228-5878-3}} *{{cite book |last=Neibaur |first=James L. |title=The Essential Jack Nicholson |year=2016 |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-1-4422-6989-7}} *{{cite book |last=Ochoa |first=George |title=Deformed and Destructive Beings: The Purpose of Horror Films |year=2011 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-7864-8654-0}} *{{cite book |author1=Sandler S |author2=Studlar G |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |publisher=[[Rutgers University Press]] |isbn=978-0-8135-2669-0 |year=1999 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicanatomyof0000unse }} *{{cite book |last1=Schwartz |first1=David |first2=Steve |last2=Ryan |first3=Fred |last3=Wostbrock |title=The Encyclopedia of TV Game Shows, 3rd Edition |publisher=Checkmark Books |isbn=978-0-8160-3847-3 |year=1999}} *{{cite book |last=Slavicek |first=Louise Chipley |title=Leonardo DiCaprio |year=2012 |publisher=Infobase Learning |isbn=978-1-4381-4133-6}} *{{cite book |title=Leonardo DiCaprio&nbsp;– The Biography |url=https://archive.org/details/leonardodicaprio0000wigh |date=2012 |publisher=[[John Blake (journalist)#John Blake Publishing|John Blake Publishing Ltd.]] |isbn=978-1-85782-672-2 |last1=Wight |first1=Douglas}} ==A̱ya̱fang== {{reflist}} ==A̱ka̱fwuop nta== * [https://leonardodicaprio.com/ Official Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125032015/http://leonardodicaprio.com/ |date=2021-01-25 }} * [http://leonardodicaprio.org/ Leonardo DiCaprio Foundation] [[Sa:A̱yaasi̱tet Muná̱pyia̱]] [[Sa:byin 1974]] qo0ctrjceoifpuwlz4n58xjjcwpc50m 0 785 49235 45394 2026-08-22T18:28:11Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49235 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ca̱caat|[[ Tsuung (a̱mpwot)/Ca̱crak|Ca̱crak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[ Tsuung (a̱mpwot)/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[ Tsuung (a̱mpwot)/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[ Tsuung (a̱mpwot)/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ta̱kad|[[ Tsuung (a̱mpwot)/Ta̱kad|Ta̱kad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tuku|[[ Tsuung (a̱mpwot)/Tuku|Tuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} [[Fail:Wenceslas Hollar - Quivers and hunting horns.jpg|thumb|Tsutsuung tsat]] '''Tsuung''' ji (á̱kpa: '''tsutsuung''' ''ji'') yet a̱junjung a̱mpwot nang a̱tyu a̱kat ku a̱gwak nzwang nsaai nhyet nggu na a̱ni. ==Nghwughwu== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px"> OttomanHorseArcher.jpg|A̱tyoturk Ottoman ma̱ng ''rear-canted belt quiver'' nang á̱ jhyi mat mang nhyet da̱ a̱ka̱fan Bågkoger med förgyllt silver, peridoter, små turkoser, rubiner och silverpärlor - Livrustkammaren - 91418.tif|Quiver from Turkey, 1620s. Antique Japanese (samurai) yumi and yebira.jpg|Japanese archery equipment including a variety of quivers Yoshitoshi Fujiwara no Hidesato.jpg|Fujiwara no Hidesato shooting the giant centipede ([[Tsukioka Yoshitoshi]], 1890) Detail. Royal guard carrying a quiver, member of the so-called Immortals (the 1000 special royal guards). Glazed brick. From the East Gate of the Palace at Susa, Iran. Achaemenid period, Reign of Darius I, 521-500 BCE. British Museum.jpg|Detail. Royal guard carrying a quiver, member of the so-called Immortals (the 1000 special royal guards). From Susa, Iran. 521-500 BCE. British Museum </gallery> ==A̱ya̱fang== {{reflist}} *{{cite book |title=Archery |url=https://archive.org/details/archery0000unse_j6a4 |publisher=Boy Scouts of America |location=Irving, Texas |year=1986 |isbn=0-8395-3381-0 }} *{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Quiver|volume=22}} *{{cite book |author1=Glover, Daniel S. |author2=Grayson, Charles Jackson |author3=French, Mary |author4=O'Brien, Michael J. |title=Traditional archery from six continents: the Charles E. Grayson Collection |publisher=University of Missouri Press |location=Columbia |year=2007 |isbn=0-8262-1751-6 }} [[Category:Mang nhyet]] [[Category:Nkyang a̱kat]] s8nlfnb0dp3tbpadzqb12iuazuzbjm3 0 829 49230 41521 2026-08-22T18:26:06Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49230 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ca̱caat|[[Yesu/Ca̱crak|Ca̱crak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[Yesu/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[Yesu/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[Yesu/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ta̱kad|[[Yesu/Ta̱kad|Ta̱kad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tuku|[[Yesu/Tuku|Tuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} '''Yesu''' {{efn|{{lang-grc|Ἰησοῦς|translit=Iēsoûs|label=[[Helen Koine|Helen]]}}, ku tai {{lang-he|יֵשׁוּעַ|translit=Yēšūaʿ|label=[[A̱biru]]/[[A̱ramik]]}}}} (c. 4 BC – AD 30 / 33), á̱ ka ngyei '''Yesu Na̱za̱ra̱t''' ku '''Yesu Kristi''' a̱ni, wa yet a̱tyu a̱ shyia̱ ma̱ka̱wa̱tyia̱ [[Khwikristi]] ka, khwi ku byia̱ shi swak kuzang hu mi̱ swanta hu a̱mgba̱m a̱ni. A̱ ku yet a̱tyushei a̱lyiat A̱gwaza a̱son sa̱ncuri a̱ ka ngyet A̱tyuyahuda wa, a̱ si̱ ka ngyet a̱kwak a̱son khwi wa a̱ni.{{sfn|Vermes|1981|pp=20, 26, 27, 29}} Krista ma̱ a̱di̱di̱t nwuak a̱cucuk nyia̱ da̱ nggu, a̱ yet A̱gwaza Nggwon wu wa mi̱ vam ma̱ng [[ma̱siya]] (Kristi wu) nang á̱ ku neet swat nfwuong bai nggu hu, nang á̱ ku shei á̱zanson a̱kwonu A̱gwaza mi̱ Kpa̱m A̱lyiat A̱gwaza A̱biru hu a̱ni. Kpa̱mkpaan ma̱ng a̱mgba̱m á̱nietbyia̱lyen tazwa ce-gbangbang, a̱zafwun, shim nyia̱ a̱tsak a̱lyiat wa nyia̱ Yesu ku shyia̱ mi̱ swanta hu gbangbang.{{efn |name=exist|In a 2011 review of the state of modern scholarship, [[Bart Ehrman]] wrote, "He certainly existed, as virtually every competent scholar of antiquity, Christian or non-Christian, agrees".{{sfn|Ehrman|2011|p=[https://archive.org/details/forged_ehrm_2011_000_10544376/page/n298 285]}} [[Richard A. Burridge]] states: "There are those who argue that Jesus is a figment of the Church's imagination, that there never was a Jesus at all. I have to say that I do not know any respectable critical scholar who says that any more".<ref>{{cite book|title=Jesus Now and Then|first1=Richard A.|last1=Burridge|first2=Graham|last2=Gould|year=2004|isbn=978-0-8028-0977-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/jesusnowthen0000burr/page/34 34]|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|url=https://archive.org/details/jesusnowthen0000burr/page/34}}</ref> [[Robert M. Price]] does not believe that Jesus existed, but agrees that this perspective runs against the views of the majority of scholars.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|first= Robert M.|last= Price|title= Jesus at the Vanishing Point|encyclopedia= The Historical Jesus: Five Views|editor-last1= Beilby|editor-last2= Eddy|year= 2009|publisher= InterVarsity|isbn= 978-0-8308-7853-6|editor-first= James K.|pages= 55, 61|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=O33P7xrFnLQC&pg=PA55|editor2-first= Paul R.|access-date= 14 August 2015|archive-date= 7 September 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150907112540/https://books.google.com/books?id=O33P7xrFnLQC&pg=PA55|url-status= live}}</ref> [[James Dunn (theologian)|James D. G. Dunn]] calls the theories of Jesus' non-existence "a thoroughly dead thesis".<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Paul's understanding of the death of Jesus|encyclopedia=Sacrifice and Redemption|first= Stephen W.|last= Sykes |year=2007| publisher= Cambridge University Press| isbn= 978-0-521-04460-8|pages=35–36}}</ref> Michael Grant (a̱ yet ''classicist'' a̱ni) ku lyuut ma̱ a̱lyia̱ 1977 nyia̱, "Mi̱ ndyia̱ mmam nani, 'á̱ ku mbyia̱ a̱tsak a̱tyubyia̱lyen a̱nyiung a̱ lyuut kyang tazwa Yesu ku nwai neet nkhang a̱ni a̱ si̱ neap ndyo bah, ku á̱ ku mbyia̱, ba̱ ka nshi bah, a̱wot ba̱ ku mbyia̱ sheda ku byia̱ cet a̱ swak si̱ hu á̱ ka̱n dyen ku si̱ shi a̱ swak a̱ni bah".<ref name=Grant1977>{{cite book|first=Michael|last=Grant|title=Jesus: An Historian's Review of the Gospels|publisher=Scribner's|year=1977|isbn=978-0-684-14889-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/jesushistoriansr00gran/page/200 200]|url=https://archive.org/details/jesushistoriansr00gran/page/200}}</ref> [[Robert E. Van Voorst]] states that biblical scholars and classical historians regard theories of non-existence of Jesus as effectively refuted.{{sfn|Van Voorst|2000|p=16}} Writing on ''[[The Daily Beast]]'', [[Candida Moss]] and Joel Baden state that "there is nigh universal consensus among biblical scholars&nbsp;– the authentic ones, at least&nbsp;– that Jesus was, in fact, a real guy". <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/so-called-biblical-scholar-says-jesus-a-made-up-myth|title=So-Called 'Biblical Scholar' Says Jesus a Made-Up Myth|newspaper=The Daily Beast|date = 5 Zwat Swak 2014|last1=Baden|first1=Candida Moss}}</ref>}} Zop zuzop tazwa Yesu ji̱ shyia̱ nkhang na a̱ni ku tyia̱ á̱ si̱ ta̱taat nkyang jhyang na̱ tyei á̱ghyang á̱niet di̱ but mi̱ fwuo tazwa yet a̱cucuk nkyang jhyang mami A̱ka̱sham Nkhang na mat si̱sak nang Yesu nang á̱ lyuut tazwa nggu mami [[La̱p A̱nu Fai]] hu vwuon Yesu nkhang wu, ma̱nang a̱vwuonyiung nang á̱ maai á̱ nshyia̱ a̱yaarekwot tazwa shyicet Yesu ba shyia̱ ma̱ [[A̱sham Nkhang|A̱ka̱sham Nkhang]] ni̱nia ma̱nyin. {{sfn|Powell|1998|pp=168–73}}{{efn|Ehrman writes: "The notion that the Gospel accounts are not completely accurate but still important for the religious truths they try to convey is widely shared in the scholarly world, even though it's not so widely known or believed outside of it."<ref>Bart D. Ehrman. [http://www.thegreatcourses.com/courses/historical-jesus.html Historical Jesus. 'Prophet of the New Millennium']. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123155853/https://www.thegreatcourses.com/courses/historical-jesus.html |date=23 January 2019 }} Course handbook, p. 10 (Lecture Three. V. B.) The Teaching Company, 2000, Lecture 24</ref><p>Sanders writes: "The earliest Christians did not write a narrative of Jesus' life, but rather made use of, and thus preserved, individual units—short passages about his words and deeds. These units were later moved and arranged by authors and editors. ... Some material has been revised and some created by early Christians."{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=57}}}} Yesu ku yet A̱tyoyahuda Galili wa, a̱nyan wa Yoona a̱tyunyia̱ ba̱ptisman wu ku nyia̱ nggu ba̱ptisman, a̱ sii du ta̱bat ta̱m mbeang á̱nietkhwi nggu hu,{{sfn|Vermes|1981|pp=20, 26, 27, 29}} a̱wot á̱ si̱ ngyei nggu "rabi" (a̱tyutyiet) di̱n jen ma̱ a̱di̱di̱t.<ref name="ISBEO">{{cite web|title=International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Online|editor=James Orr|year=1939|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.|url=http://www.internationalstandardbible.com/R/rabbi.html|access-date=30 Zwat A̱natat 2016|archive-date=17 Zwat A̱ni̱nai 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817024703/http://www.internationalstandardbible.com/R/rabbi.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Yesu ku ngya fwuang ma̱ng A̱yahuda ba tazwa si̱sak nang á̱ na nkhwi A̱gwaza ku na lan tyia̱ a̱ca̱caat a̱ni, a̱ si̱ coot á̱niet, a̱ si̱ ka ntyiet di̱ kídee a̱ si̱ ka ntung á̱nietkhwi.{{sfn|Levine|2006|p=4}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Charlesworth|first1=James H.|title=The Historical Jesus: An Essential Guide|date=2008|page=113|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTIGy5t45WgC&pg=PT113|isbn=978-1-4267-2475-6|access-date=29 Zwat Tsat 2017|archive-date=8 Zwat Swak 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221947/https://books.google.com/books?id=YTIGy5t45WgC&pg=PT113|url-status=live}}</ref> A̱ si̱ ta̱bat gu a̱ si̱ faat nggu shi̱ri̱ya mbwak á̱nietba̱ngcet A̱yahuda ba,{{sfn|Sanders|1993|p=11}} á̱ si̱ tyia̱ nggu mbwak a̱gwomna̱ti A̱rom ba, á̱ si̱ kpaat nggu da̱ a̱team a̱khwu ca̱caat ma̱ng oda gwomna Bilatut Babunte, a̱kwak a̱son a̱si̱ Rom ma̱ a̱keang [[Urusha̱lima]].{{sfn|Levine|2006|p=4}} ma̱ng kwi nggu hu, á̱nietkhwi nggu ba si̱ nwuak a̱cucuk nyia̱ gu ta̱ngam ma̱ng swuan ma̱ á̱niet ba̱ ka̱n kwi a̱ni, a̱wot sot á̱niet ba̱ ku tung a̱ni si̱ bwuak yet Sot á̱nietkhwi ntsa ji.{{sfn|Sanders|1993|pp=11, 14}} Di̱ ntsa hu, kwok a̱lyiat tyiet ma̱ng nkhang shyicet nggu ku swak neet ma̱ a̱bwonu nat a̱bwonu kya, a̱wot si̱ a̱hwa hwa si̱ yet a̱vwuo nang nkyang na̱ shyia̱ A̱ka̱sham Nkhang na nang á̱ lyuut a̱ma̱lyim sii du neet a̱ni.<ref name="Dunn2013">{{cite book|first=James D.G.|last=Dunn|title=The Oral Gospel Tradition|url=https://archive.org/details/oralgospeltradit0000dunn|publisher= Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|year=2013|pages=[https://archive.org/details/oralgospeltradit0000dunn/page/290 290]-91}}</ref> Di̱ tyiet Krista, á̱ mbyia̱ nwuak a̱cucuk hu nyia̱ A̱za̱za̱rak Ntswa wu wa ku tyia̱ Yesu di̱n vak nggwoneam ka ka̱ nwai lyen a̱tyok a̱ni nang á̱ ngyei Ma̱ryamu a̱ni - a̱nyan wa si̱ byin nggu, nyia̱ nkyang a̱ri̱bi̱di, kpaat kuntyin Sot Á̱nietkhwi Krista hu, a̱ si̱ khwu di̱n vak kpaat da̱ a̱team a̱khwu nang za̱nang shyiat ci a̱ka̱tuk nyia̱, ta̱ngam ma̱ng swuan ma̱ á̱niet ba̱ ka̱n kwi a̱ni, a̱wot a̱ si̱ nyeak a̱ nat Ma A̱gwaza tswazwa ka, neet a̱ja wa gu bu na bwuok a̱ bai a̱ka̱feang.[28] Ma̱ a̱di̱di̱t, Á̱nietkhwikristi ba nwuak a̱cucuk nyia̱ Yesu ni̱ ntyia̱ á̱niet ba̱ jhyi swat mba hu ma̱ng A̱gwaza. Tak Kpa̱sai Nice hu ntak nyia̱ Yesu na faat shi̱ri̱ya tazwa á̱niet nswuan ba ma̱ng mba ba̱ ka̱n kwi a̱ni[29] a̱zaghyi ku a̱ma̱lyim nang ba̱ nta̱ngam mi̱ vam neet mi̱ á̱niet ba̱ ka̱n kwi a̱ni,[30][31][32] nyia̱ jhyiung nang á̱ dap á̱ sak ma̱ng Bwuok A̱ Bai A̱ka̱feang Yesu hu mi̱ Tat-a̱pyia̱ lyen jen ngaan Krista.[33] A̱di̱di̱t a̱di̱t Á̱nietkhwikristi ni̱ kyuak Yesu ntong nang A̱gwaza Nggwon wu mi̱ vam a̱tyubishyi, a̱tyofeang wu mi̱ A̱gwaza A̱tat mi̱ A̱tyonyiung wu. A̱wot susot Á̱nietkhwikristi a̱da̱dei ji̱ laai shi a̱ni si̱ lak a̱di̱dam A̱gwaza A̱tat mi̱ A̱tyonyiung wu, ku a̱jhyem ku di̱n kap, nang kyang ku naat ca̱caat ma̱ng A̱lyiat A̱gwaza na a̱ni bah. Á̱ ni̱ song a̱gwai a̱tuk mam byin Yesu na kuzang a̱lyia̱ ma̱ a̱tuk mam 25 mi̱ Zwat Swak ma̱ng Sweang.[j] Á̱ ni̱ cyin kpaat nggu hu da̱ a̱team a̱khwu ka ma̱ a̱tuk mam A̱sham A̱tuk Juma kikya a̱wot ta̱ngam nggu ka ma̱ng swuan ma̱ á̱niet ba̱ ka̱n kwi a̱ni ma̱ a̱tuk mam A̱tuk Ladi Ita ka. Ka̱la̱nda ji nang á̱ swak nnyia̱ ma̱ng a̱nji—da̱nang a̱lyia̱ a̱fwun ka yet 2022 AD/CE a̱ni—byia̱ a̱tyin nji di̱ mam byin Yesu hu hwa nang á̱ ku tyan a̱ni gbangbang.[34][k] Á̱ bu cyin Yesu mi̱ nkhwi nghyang. Mami [[Khwikpaa̱pyia̱]], á̱ kyiak Yesu (nang á̱ ku ngyei ma̱ng a̱lyoot Kuran nggu ka ʿĪsā) nang a̱ta̱m a̱kwonu A̱gwaza a̱ ku bai a̱zanson a̱ngaan ka ma̱ng a̱tyusan wu.[l] Á̱kpaa̱pyia̱ ba nwuak a̱cucuk nyia̱ fi̱ng nggwoneam ka̱ ka̱n nwai lyen a̱tyok a̱ni hwa ku byin Yesu, a̱wot da̱ nggu, a̱ nwai yet A̱gwaza ku nggwon A̱gwaza.[41][42] Kuran ji ntak nyia̱ Yesu du tak nyia̱ nggu a̱ neet Ma A̱gwaza tswazwa kya a̱ni bah.[43] Á̱kpaa̱pyia̱ ma̱ a̱di̱di̱t nwai nwuak a̱cucuk nyia̱ á̱ ku hyat Yesu ku á̱ kpaat nggu da̱ a̱team a̱khwu, a̱wot A̱gwaza si̱ ta̱ngam nggu ma̱ng swuan ma̱ á̱niet ba̱ ka̱n kwi a̱ni a̱ si̱ kin nat ma̱ng a̱nggu Tswazwa ma̱nang gu ni̱ nswuan a̱ni bah.[44] Da̱ a̱kwonu a̱kya, [[Khwiyahuda]] lak nwuak a̱cucuk hu nyia̱ Yesu wa ku yet a̱tyusan (ku ma̱siya) wu nang á̱ ku nfwuong bai nggu hu a̱ni, a̱wot ba̱ ya fwuang nyia̱ da̱ nggu, a̱ du nhyat shei mi̱ shei á̱zanson a̱tyusan hu bah, ba̱ si̱ kin mbeang nyia̱ da̱ nggu, a̱ ku neet Ma A̱gwaza tswazwa kya bah a̱wot da̱ nggu, a̱ ku ta̱ngam ma̱ng swuan ma̱ á̱niet ba̱ ka̱n kwi a̱ni bah.[45] == A̱lyoot == {{further|Yesu (a̱lyoot)|A̱za̱za̱rak A̱lyoot Yesu|Lyulyoot ma̱ng lyulyoot ntyok Yesu mi̱ La̱p A̱nu Fai hu|Lyulyoot A̱gwaza mi̱ Khwikristi}} [[File:JesusYeshua2.svg|thumb|Di̱ nyia̱ fi̱p ma̱ng cong a̱gogo hu kyiak neet di̱ fam a̱za a̱zayak hu: [[A̱biru (a̱lyem)|A̱biru]], [[A̱ramik]], [[Helen (a̱lyem)|Helen]], [[Lati̱n (a̱lyem)|Lati̱n]], ma̱ng [[Shong (a̱lyem)|Nggi̱li̱t]] bwan-lyuut a̱lyoot ''Yesu'' ka]] === A̱yaataada a̱lyoot === A̱tsak a̱tyu [[A̱yahuda]] di̱n jen Yesu ji [[A̱lyoot A̱yahuda|ku byia̱ a̱lyoot a̱nyiung kya ma̱nyin]], di̱n jen jhyang "a̱fai [a̱lyoot a̱tyia̱]" ni̱ ntung, ku a̱lyoot a̱keang a̱yin ka.<ref name="Britannica" /> Mat a̱nia wa, mi̱ La̱p A̱nu Fai hu, á̱ ku yei Yesu da̱ a̱ka̱nyiung "Yesu a̱tyu [[Na̱za̱ra̱t]]" wa.{{efn|This article uses quotes from the [[New Revised Standard Version]] of the Bible.}} Á̱kpa̱ndang swat Yesu ba mi̱ Na̱za̱ra̱t ku yei nggu "kapinta wu, a̱fai [[Ma̱ryamu, a̱yang Yesu|Ma̱ryamu]] ma̱ng a̱na̱nyiuk [[Yakubu, a̱na̱nyiuk Yesu|Yakubu]] ma̱ng [[Isuu, a̱na̱nyiuk Yakubu a̱shushyuo wu|Isuu]] ma̱ng [[Yahuda, a̱na̱nyiuk Yesu|Yahuda]] ma̱ng [[Siman, a̱na̱nyiuk Yesu|Siman]]", "a̱fai kapinta wu", ku "a̱fai [[Sen Isuu|Isuu]]"; Mami A̱sham Nkhang Yoona ka, nggwon ta̱m Yesu [[Filibut A̱ta̱m Yesu|Filibut]] ku yorong nggu "Yesu a̱fai Isuu neet mi̱ Na̱za̱ra̱t". ==A̱ya̱fang== {{reflist}} [[Sa:Yesu]] ad7w3fl0msfrsggg356rpy63p7sc80e 0 866 49265 46478 2026-08-22T18:43:22Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49265 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ca̱caat|[[Zwuom/Ca̱crak|Ca̱crak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[Zwuom/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[Zwuom/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[Zwuom/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ta̱kad|[[Zwuom/Ta̱kad|Ta̱kad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tuku|[[Zwuom/Tuku|Tuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} '''Zwuóm''' (jhyiung: '''zwuom''' ''ji'') yet sot nyám ja ji̱ swak kuzang ji ma̱ng shi ji̱ shyia̱ ma̱ng swuan mi̱ swanta hu. Á̱ ku ta̱taat a̱basusot tsat ja ji̱ ni̱ nshyia̱ ma̱ng swuan mi̱ di̱ yong huni: zwuom a̱yit Afrika ji, zwuom sop Afrika ji, ma̱ng zwuom A̱siya ji. [[Fail:African Bush Elephant.jpg|thumb|Zwuom a̱yit [[Afrika]]]] ==Ya̱fang== {{reflist}} == Fang a̱zanson == * {{cite book |last=Carrington |first=Richard |title=Elephants: A Short Account of their Natural History, Evolution and Influence on Mankind|url=https://archive.org/details/elephantsshortac0000rich | publisher=Chatto & Windus|year=1958|oclc=911782153}} * Nance, Susan (2013). ''Entertaining Elephants: Animal Agency and the Business of the American Circus''. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013. * [[John Godfrey Saxe|Saxe, John Godfrey]] (1872). [[s:The Blindmen and the Elephant|"The Blindmen and the Elephant"]] at [[Wikisource]]. ''The Poems of John Godfrey Saxe''. * {{cite book | last=Williams | first=Heathcote |author-link=Heathcote Williams | title=Sacred Elephant | url=https://archive.org/details/sacredelephant0000will | location=New York | publisher=Harmony Books | year=1989 | isbn=978-0-517-57320-4}} == A̱ka̱fwuop nta == {{Swánga̱lyiatwuki}} * [https://elephantconservation.org International Elephant Foundation] {{Elephants}} {{Proboscidea}} {{Proboscidea Genera}} {{Featured article}} [[Sa:Zwuóm| ]] [[Sa:Herbivorous mammals]] [[Sa:Tool-using mammals]] [[Sa:Articles containing video clips]] [[Sa:Mammal common names]] [[Sa:Pliocene first appearances]] 8kp206y6dce1f82lwq9em7oo5loakuz 0 1796 49276 44494 2026-08-22T18:48:15Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49276 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ca̱caat|[[ Byafra/Ca̱crak|Ca̱crak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[ Byafra/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[ Byafra/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[ Byafra/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ta̱kad|[[ Byafra/Ta̱kad|Ta̱kad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tuku|[[ Byafra/Tuku|Tuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} A̱byin '''Biyafra''', á̱ lyen ma̱ng a̱lyoot a̱gwomna̱ti nka nang '''Ri̱pobi̱lik Byafra''' a̱ni,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Republic of Biafra {{!}} AHA |url=https://www.historians.org/teaching-and-learning/teaching-resources-for-historians/teaching-and-learning-in-the-digital-age/through-the-lens-of-history-biafra-nigeria-the-west-and-the-world/the-republic-of-biafra |access-date=2022-06-09 |website=www.historians.org}}</ref> ku yet a̱byin nang bibyin ghyá̱ng ku lyen di̱ nkap nang a̱byin tyei zat di̱ cat tyok a̱pyia̱ nka hu a̱ni di̱ fam [[Afrika Jenshyung]] ka̱ ku tak a̱pyia̱ nka a̱byin sa̱t neet ma̱ [[Naijeriya]] kpa̱sai a̱wot ka̱ si̱ swuan kyiak neet ma̱ a̱lyia̱ 1967 ba̱ng si̱ tat a̱lyia̱ 1970.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Daly|first=Samuel Fury Childs|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/history-of-the-republic-of-biafra/59377D443F078E195F366F5D1BCB31B9|title=A History of the Republic of Biafra: Law, Crime, and the Nigerian Civil War|date=2020|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-84076-7|location=Cambridge|doi=10.1017/9781108887748|s2cid=225266768}}</ref> A̱byin ka ku yet mi̱ kyang nyiung hwa ma̱ng Fam-a̱byin A̱tyin Naijeriya hu nang nwap [[A̱kum-a̱cyi (nwap)|A̱kum-a̱cyi]] ja swak kuzang ji ma̱ng shi a̱ni. Á̱ ku Byafra a̱tuk Zwat Tswuon 1967 ja mbwak ofisa a̱khwot a̱kwop A̱kum-a̱cyi nang á̱ ngyei [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu]] a̱ni di̱n jen ji gu ku ngyet a̱kwak a̱son fam-a̱byin wu a̱ni, di̱n jen ji nang a̱ca̱cet nnwap Naijeriya na ku ya fwuang tsi̱tsak á̱pyia̱ nna, ku si̱ kyiak jen ba̱t a̱ni a̱wot a̱khwot á̱kwop wu si̱ ya̱gurup a̱gwomna̱ti a̱ma̱lyim shyiat sa̱t ma̱ a̱lyia̱ 1960 a̱wot nyiá̱ jini si̱ byin hyaai A̱kum-a̱cyi a̱lyia̱ 1966 hu ma̱ng nnwap jhyang na̱ ku neet fam a̱tak-a̱tyin Naijeriya hu dḭ fam a̱za ka.<ref>{{cite book |last=Lewis |first=Peter |author-link= |date= 2007 |title=Oil, Politics, and Economic Change in Indonesia and Nigeria |url=https://archive.org/details/growingapartoilp0000lewi|location= |publisher=University of Michigan Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/growingapartoilp0000lewi/page/78 78] |isbn=9780472024742|quote=setting in jjkmotion a chain of social conflicts that culminated in the attempted secession of Igbo nationalists in 1967}}</ref> [[A̱khwot Á̱kwop Naijeriya|A̱khwot a̱kwop Naijeriya]] wu si̱ ya a̱son di̱ nwuai Byafra di̱ mi̱n byian jen a̱ma̱lyim nang á̱ tak a̱byin ka a̱byin ka̱ yong sa̱t a̱ni, ku si̱ byin [[Zwang Á̱niet-a̱byin Naijeriya]] ji (á̱ ka ngyei Zwang Naijeriya-Byafra ji a̱ni). ==Ya̱fang== <references/> e718rcownckwnjm7kiuj18sg43481pw 0 2350 49239 46852 2026-08-22T18:30:00Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49239 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ca̱caat|[[Lati̱n (a̱lyem)/Ca̱crak|Ca̱crak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[Lati̱n (a̱lyem)/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[Lati̱n (a̱lyem)/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[Lati̱n (a̱lyem)/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ta̱kad|[[Lati̱n (a̱lyem)/Ta̱kad|Ta̱kad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tuku|[[Lati̱n (a̱lyem)/Tuku|Tuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} '''Lati̱n''' ({{lang|la|lingua Latīna}}, {{IPA-la|ˈlɪŋɡʷa laˈtiːna|}} ku {{lang|la|Latīnum}}, {{IPA-la|laˈtiːnʊ̃|}}) yet a̱khwukhwop a̱lyem wa a̱ shyia̱ di̱ sa lilyem Italik a̱si̱ lilyem Ndo-Yurop hu nang di̱n tsa hu a̱ ku yet a̱balyem kya a̱ni nang á̱ lyiat di̱ fam a̱tak Tiber hu (á̱ ku ngyei [[Latyum]] di̱n jen a̱ja) kpa̱mkpaan ma̱ng a̱keang [[Rom]] a̱fwun ka a̱ni,<ref>{{cite book |title=A companion to Latin studies |url=https://archive.org/details/acompaniontolat00sandgoog |first=John Edwin |last=Sandys |location=Chicago |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |year=1910 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/acompaniontolat00sandgoog/page/811 811]–812}}</ref> a̱wot di̱n vak Ri̱pobi̱lik Rom wu ka̱ si̱ bai yet a̱lyem ka nang á̱ ku lyiat nka a̱ swak di̱ fam [[Italiya]] hu a̱wot ma̱ng sweap njen, a̱mgba̱m [[A̱byintyokshan Rom]] ka. Ku ma̱ng [[Kwa̱i A̱byintyokshan Rom Jenshyung hu|kwa̱i Rom Jenshyung]], Lati̱̇n si̱ yong di̱ yet [[a̱lyem tai]] [[a̱lyiat mi̱ bibyin]], [[sains]], [[myiam]] ma̱ng [[a̱ka̱safang]] mi̱ [[Yurop]] ba̱ng si̱ tat [[sa̱ncuri 18]] wu, nang kuzang lilyem mbyin ghyang di̱ nfam (bi̱ri̱ng ma̱ng a̱ka̱mbwon nji na, [[Lilyem Roman]] hu) si̱ nga nji a̱ weam a̱ni, á̱ ku nyia̱ ta̱m ma̱ng a̱nji ma̱ tai da̱ a̱ka̱safang ma̱ng kwai-nfwuo-á̱niet, a̱wot ji̱ sḭ bai tyia̱ [[a̱lyem ka̱ sang swuan]] mi̱ di̱ wa̱i a̱lyiat a̱fwun hu. ==Ya̱fang== <references/> [[Category:Lilyem swanta]] [[Sa:Lilyem_Yurop]] [[Sa:Lilyem_Yurop_Jenshyung]] [[Sa:Lilyem_A̱gba̱ndang_Bi̱ri̱ti̱n]] [[Sa:Lilyem Ndo–Yurop]] d0v1bzsz8aheyb31qv9wpd068xs784t 0 2433 49238 44452 2026-08-22T18:29:40Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49238 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ca̱caat|[[ Á̱ka̱tuk nyia̱ 11 Zwat A̱kubunyiung 2001/Ca̱crak|Ca̱crak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[ Á̱ka̱tuk nyia̱ 11 Zwat A̱kubunyiung 2001/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[ Á̱ka̱tuk nyia̱ 11 Zwat A̱kubunyiung 2001/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[ Á̱ka̱tuk nyia̱ 11 Zwat A̱kubunyiung 2001/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ta̱kad|[[ Á̱ka̱tuk nyia̱ 11 Zwat A̱kubunyiung 2001/Ta̱kad|Ta̱kad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tuku|[[ Á̱ka̱tuk nyia̱ 11 Zwat A̱kubunyiung 2001/Tuku|Tuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} Á̱ka̱tuk nyia̱ '''11 Zwat A̱kubunyiung 2001''' wu á̱ ka ngyei '''9/11''' ma̱ tai a̱ni, ku yet á̱ka̱tuk nyia̱ a̱naai wa nang sot á̱niet ji̱ tyei á̱ghyang á̱niet a̱wun mi̱ vam nang á̱ ngyei [[al-Qaeda]] a̱ni ku khwom á̱ sak<ref name="Moghadam">{{cite book |last=Moghadam |first=Assaf |title=The Globalization of Martyrdom: Al Qaeda, Salafi Jihad, and the Diffusion of Suicide Attacks |url=https://archive.org/details/globalizationofm0000mogh |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |year=2008 |page=[https://archive.org/details/globalizationofm0000mogh/page/48 48] |isbn=978-0-8018-9055-0}}</ref><ref name="SalafistJidadism">{{cite web |last=Livesey |first=Bruce |title=Special Reports – The Salafist Movement: Al Qaeda's New Front |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/front/special/sala.html|website=PBS Frontline |publisher=WGBH educational foundation |date=Zwat Jhyiung 25, 2005 |access-date=Zwat Swak 18, 2011}}{{cite book |last=Geltzer |first=Joshua A. |title=US Counter-Terrorism Strategy and al-Qaeda: Signalling and the Terrorist World-View |url=https://archive.org/details/uscounterterrori0000gelt |publisher=Routledge |edition=bu lyui |date=2011 |page=[https://archive.org/details/uscounterterrori0000gelt/page/83 83] |isbn=978-0-415-66452-3}}</ref> ji̱ si̱ kin doot ma̱ng á̱niet [[Muná̱pyia̱ Sí̱tet]] ba ndyo a̱ni. Ma̱ a̱tsotson A̱tuk Ta̱lata, 11 Zwat A̱kubunyiung 2001, á̱niet tyei á̱niet a̱wun mi̱ vam swak ma̱ng a̱kubunyiung a̱bya si̱ doot ba̱ si̱ ya̱weap a̱ka̱man-tswam a̱bwuang a̱naai na̱ ku doot a̱cyet neet mi̱ fam a̱za-a̱tyin M.S. hu na̱ naat ma̱ a̱keang [[California]] a̱ni. Á̱niet-ya̱weap ba si̱ luk a̱ka̱man-tswam a̱feang a̱son na ma̱ a̱ka̱sa-tazwa a̱ka̱hyaai [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|A̱cyian Kaswuo Swanta]] na mi̱ [[New York City]], a̱wot ba̱ si̱ luk a̱man-tswam a̱tat ka mi̱ nok [[the Pentagon|Pentagon]] hu (tyantung a̱khwot á̱kwop Amerika ji) ma̱ a̱keang Arlington, Virginia. A̱man-tswam a̱naai ka á̱ ku fa ka̱ na luk mi̱ nok a̱gwomna̱ti mundundung ghyang (ku ''US Capitol'' ku ''White House'') ma̱ a̱keang [[Washington, D.C.]], si̱ luk a̱kwa mi̱ kyai ghyang ma̱nang a̱yaapasi̱nja ba ku tyia̱ zat a̱ni.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Janos|first=Adam|title=How United Flight 93 Passengers Fought Back on 9/11|url=https://www.history.com/news/united-flight-93-september-11-passengers-revolt-crash|access-date=Zwat Swak 14, 2021|website=HISTORY|language=en}}</ref> Á̱ka̱tuk nyia̱ wuni a̱ ku hyaai kpa̱mkpaan ma̱ng á̱niet 3,000 si̱ fuut swanta hu ku doot di̱ nyia̱ zwang ma̱ng tyei á̱niet a̱wun mi̱ vam. ==Ya̱fang== {{Reflist}} ==A̱ka̱fwuop nta== * [http://www.9-11commission.gov/ National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States] ''Official commission website'' (di̱n Shong) * [https://www.911memorial.org/visit/memorial/names-911-memorial/ Lyulyoot á̱niet ba̱ ku kwi a̱ni] (di̱n Shong) * [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/911_archive/ September 11, 2001, Documentary Project] from the U.S. [[Library of Congress]], ''Memory.loc.gov'' (di̱n Shong) * [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/lcwa/html/sept11/sept11-overview.html September 11, 2001, Web Archive] from the U.S. [[Library of Congress]], ''Minerva'' (di̱n Shong) * [http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/sept11/index.html National Security Archive] (di̱n Shong) * [http://911digitalarchive.org/ September 11 Digital Archive: Saving the Histories of September 11, 2001], from the ''Center for History and New Media'' and the ''American Social History Project/Center for Media and Learning'' (di̱n Shong) * [[s:Verbatim Transcript of Combatant Status Review Tribunal Hearing for ISN 10024|DoD: Khalid Sheikh Mohammed Verbatim Transcript of Combatant Status Review Tribunal Hearing for ISN 10024]], neet mi̱ Wikisource (di̱n Shong) *[http://911legacies.com/ The 9/11 Legacies Project], ''Oriental Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague'' (di̱n Shong) *[https://responsiblestatecraft.org/tag/911at20/ 9/11 at 20: A Week of Reflection] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416054847/https://responsiblestatecraft.org/tag/911at20/ |date=2022-04-16 }}, ''Responsible Statecraft, The Quincy Institute''(di̱n Shong) * [http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2001/trade.center/multimedia.day.html CNN.com] (di̱n Shong) [[Category:Á̱ka̱tuk nyia̱ 11 Zwat A̱kubunyiung 2001| ]] [[Category:A̱ka̱bun ce ndyia̱ 2000 mi̱ New York City]] [[Category:A̱ka̱bun ce ndyia̱ 2000 mi̱ Pennsylvania]] [[Category:A̱ka̱bun ce ndyia̱ 2000 mi̱ Virginia]] [[Category:Ce ndyia̱ 2000 mi̱ Manhattan]] [[Category:Á̱ka̱tuk nyia̱ Al-Qaeda]] [[Category:Lak-li Amerika]] [[Category:A̱ka̱bun lak-li]] [[Category:Tyei á̱niet a̱wun mi̱ vam mi̱ swanta hu]] [[Category:Khwikpaa̱pyia̱ ma̱ng kwa̱i a̱sok]] [[Category:Tyei á̱niet a̱wun mi̱ vam mbwak A̱kpaa̱pyia̱ mi̱ Muná̱pyia̱ Sí̱tet]] [[Category:Jihad]] [[Category:Mohamed Atta]] [[Category:Hyaai-á̱niet mi̱ New York City]] [[Category:Osama bin Laden]] [[Category:Kwak a̱son George W. Bush]] [[Category:A̱meang Sa̱udi A̱rabiya ma̱ng Muná̱pyia̱ Sí̱tet]] [[Category:A̱ka̱bun Zwat A̱kubunyiung 2001 mi̱ Muná̱pyia̱ Sí̱tet hu]] [[Category:Nyiá̱ Zwat A̱kubunyiung 2001 mi̱ Muná̱pyia̱ Sí̱tet ji]] [[Category:Pentagon ji]] [[Category:A̱cyian Kaswuo Swanta]] hvmsytd4okpzonocb4ts12mmfyfdgze 0 3065 49262 44525 2026-08-22T18:42:21Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49262 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ca̱caat|[[Á̱ shyia̱ di̱ jhyuk Ki̱si̱mat/Ca̱crak|Ca̱crak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[Á̱ shyia̱ di̱ jhyuk Ki̱si̱mat/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[Á̱ shyia̱ di̱ jhyuk Ki̱si̱mat/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[Á̱ shyia̱ di̱ jhyuk Ki̱si̱mat/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ta̱kad|[[Á̱ shyia̱ di̱ jhyuk Ki̱si̱mat/Ta̱kad|Ta̱kad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tuku|[[Á̱ shyia̱ di̱ jhyuk Ki̱si̱mat/Tuku|Tuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} '''Ki̱si̱mat''' yet a̱yet kuzang a̱lyia̱ kya nang á̱ nyia̱ á̱ gwai byin [[Yesu|Yesu Kristi]], ma̱ a̱tuk 25 Zwat Swak ma̱ng Sweang<ref>Several branches of [[Eastern Christianity]] that use the [[Julian calendar]] also celebrate on December 25 according to that calendar, which is now January 7 on the [[Gregorian calendar]]. Armenian Churches observed the nativity on January 6 even before the Gregorian calendar originated. Most Armenian Christians use the Gregorian calendar, still celebrating Christmas Day on January 6. Some Armenian churches use the Julian calendar, thus celebrating Christmas Day on January 19 on the Gregorian calendar, with January 18 being Christmas Eve. Some regions also celebrate primarily on December 24, rather than December 25.</ref> nang a̱gwai khwi mbeang a̱si̱ taada tsi̱tsak á̱niet biliyon ma̱ a̱di̱di̱t mi̱ swanta hu.<ref name="NonXiansUSA" /><ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.pewforum.org/2012/12/18/global-religious-landscape-christians/|title=The Global Religious Landscape {{!}} Christians|publisher=Pew Research Center|date=Zwat Swak ma̱ng Sweang 18, 2012|access-date=Zwat Tswuon 23, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310002132/http://www.pewforum.org/2012/12/18/global-religious-landscape-christians/|archive-date =Zwat Tsat 10, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Gallup122410">{{cite web|url = http://www.gallup.com/poll/145367/christmas-strongly-religious-half-celebrate.aspx|title = Christmas Strongly Religious For Half in U.S. Who Celebrate It|publisher=Gallup, Inc.|date=Zwat Swak ma̱ng Sweang 24, 2010|access-date=Zwat Swak ma̱ng Sweang 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121207090538/http://www.gallup.com/poll/145367/christmas-strongly-religious-half-celebrate.aspx|archive-date=Zwat Swak ma̱ng Sweang 7, 2012}}</ref> A̱yet a̱ka̱wa̱tyia̱-a̱lyia̱ lita̱ji Krista ka ka̱ shyia̱ a̱zaghyi njen [[Adven]] ku Swan A̱fa-a̱khwot [[Byin Yesu|Na̱tivi̱ti]] ka, kikya ka si̱ ntsa a̱cak njen Kisi̱mat ka, nang mi̱ nkhang fam Jenshyung Swanta hu ka̱ ni̱ labeang tat á̱tuk swak ma̱ng a̱feang, a̱wot ka̱ bai tyak A̱tyetuk Swak ma̱ng A̱feang ka a̱ni.<ref name="Forbes">{{cite book|last=Forbes|first=Bruce David|title=Christmas: A Candid History|url=https://archive.org/details/christmascandidh0000forb|date=October 1, 2008|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|isbn=978-0-520-25802-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/christmascandidh0000forb/page/27 27]|quote=In 567 the Council of Tours proclaimed that the entire period between Christmas and Epiphany should be considered part of the celebration, creating what became known as the twelve days of Christmas, or what the English called Christmastide.<br />On the last of the twelve days, called Twelfth Night, various cultures developed a wide range of additional special festivities. The variation extends even to the issue of how to count the days. If Christmas Day is the first of the twelve days, then Twelfth Night would be on January 5, the eve of Epiphany. If December 26, the day after Christmas, is the first day, then Twelfth Night falls on January 6, the evening of Epiphany itself.<br />After Christmas and Epiphany were in place, on December 25 and January 6, with the twelve days of Christmas in between, Christians slowly adopted a period called Advent, as a time of spiritual preparation leading up to Christmas.}}<!--|access-date=December 7, 2015--></ref> A̱tuk Mam Kisi̱mat yet fwung a̱gwomna̱ti hwa nang bibyin ma̱ a̱di̱di̱t,<ref>[http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/ceem-cced/jfa-ha/index-eng.cfm Canadian Heritage – Public holidays]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091124102246/http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/ceem-cced/jfa-ha/index-eng.cfm |date=Zwat Swat ma̱ng Jhyiung 24, 2009 }} – ''Government of Canada''. Retrieved Zwat Swak ma̱ng Jhyiung 27, 2009.</ref><ref>[http://www.opm.gov/Operating_Status_Schedules/fedhol/2009.asp 2009 Federal Holidays] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116140821/http://www.opm.gov/Operating_Status_Schedules/fedhol/2009.asp |date=Zwat Jhyiung 16, 2013 }} – ''U.S. Office of Personnel Management''. Retrieved Zwat Swak ma̱ng Jhyiung 27, 2009.</ref><ref>[http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/LivingintheUK/DG_073741 Bank holidays and British Summer time] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515020958/http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/LivingintheUK/DG_073741|date=Zwat Tswuon 15, 2011 }} – ''HM Government''. Retrieved Zwat Swak ma̱ng Jhyiung 27, 2009.</ref> nang Krista ma̱ a̱di̱di̱t song nka á ngyei a̱dini wa a̱ni<ref name="EhornHewlett1995">{{cite book|last1=Ehorn|first1=Lee Ellen|last2=Hewlett|first2=Shirely J.|last3=Hewlett|first3=Dale M.|title=December Holiday Customs |date=Zwat A̱kubunyiung 1, 1995|publisher=Lorenz Educational Press|isbn=978-1-4291-0896-6|page=1}}</ref> mbeang mba ba̱ nwai yet Krista a̱ni nang taada a̱ni,<ref name="nonXians" /><ref>Nick Hytrek, [http://www.siouxcityjournal.com/lifestyles/leisure/article_9914761e-ce50-11de-98cf-001cc4c03286.html "Non-Christians focus on secular side of Christmas"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091114085432/http://www.siouxcityjournal.com/lifestyles/leisure/article_9914761e-ce50-11de-98cf-001cc4c03286.html |date=Zwat Swak ma̱ng Jhyiung 14, 2009 }}, ''Sioux City Journal'', Zwat Swak ma̱ng Jhyiung 10, 2009. Retrieved Zwat Swak ma̱ng Jhyiung 18, 2009.</ref> a̱wot ku si̱ yet a̱gba̱mgbam kap a̱cak fwung nang á̱ sak kpa̱mkpaan ma̱ng a̱nhu a̱ni. Kwok nkhang taada Kisi̱mat hu mi̱ [[La̱p A̱nu Fai]] hu, nang á̱ lyen nang [[Byin Yesu|Na̱tivi̱ti Yesu]] a̱ni, nyia̱ á̱ ku byin Yesu mi̱ [[Ba̱italami]], ca̱caat ma̱ng shei shi̱shei á̱zanson a̱tyusan hu.<ref name="Crump2001">{{cite book|last=Crump|first=William D.|title=The Christmas Encyclopedia|url=https://archive.org/details/christmasencyclo00will|url-access=registration|edition=3|date=Zwat A̱kubunyiung 15, 2001|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-6827-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/christmasencyclo00will/page/39 39]|quote=Krista nwuak a̱cucuk nyia̱ nkwaa̱mbwat jhyang mi̱ Kpa̱m A̱lyiat A̱gwaza hu yet shei á̱zanson hwa tazwa nkyang na̱ cobai á̱zanson a̱ni mi̱ shyicet a̱tyusan á̱ ku la̱p a̱nu tazwa a̱ni ku Yesu Kristi. Ma̱ a̱di̱di̱t, a̱wot kuzang hwa bah, mami shei shishei á̱zanson a̱hwa shyia̱ da̱ A̱khwukhwop La̱p A̱nu wu ... ''Á̱ byin nggu mi̱ Ba̱italami'' (Mikah 5:2): "A̱wot nwan, Ba̱italami Efratah, ''shimba'' nang a yet a̱da̱dei mami ncyikwop Yahuda, ''a̱mgba̱m ma̱ng a̱nia'' neet di̱ nwan wa a̱ na nneet a̱ bai ma̱ a̱nung ''nggu'' a̱ na bai yet a̱tyutyok mi̱ Isi̱rela; a̱nyan wa shei naat á̱zanson nggu hu ''ku yet'' neet mi̱ gbangbang, ba̱ng si̱ nat sang sangba̱p.}}</ref> Jen ji nang Isuu ma̱ng Ma̱ryamu tat a̱keang a̱kya, a̱vwuonsaai-á̱nietcen ka ku nhyat a̱wot á̱ si̱ ba̱ neap mba a̱ta̱mpwom nkyangzwa, a̱vwuo ka nang á̱ si̱ byin Kristi a̱ yet Nggwon ka a̱ni, a̱wot á̱ta̱m tswa A̱gwaza ba si̱ shei nkhang nani nwuak a̱yaacok zónseap ba, a̱nyanyan bya si̱ cong di̱ shei á̱ghyang á̱niet nkhang na meang.<ref name="Tucker2011">{{cite book|last=Tucker|first=Ruth A.|title=Parade of Faith: A Biographical History of the Christian Church|url=https://archive.org/details/paradeoffaithbio0000tuck|year=2011|publisher=Zondervan|isbn=978-0-310-20638-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/paradeoffaithbio0000tuck/page/23 23]|quote=According to gospel accounts, Jesus was born during the reign of Herod the Great, thus sometime before 4 BCE. The birth narrative in Luke's gospel is one of the most familiar passages in the Bible. Leaving their hometown of Nazareth, Mary and Joseph travel to Bethlehem to pay taxes. Arriving late, they find no vacancy at the inn. They are, however, offered a stable, most likely a second room attached to a family dwelling where animals were sheltered—a room that would offer some privacy from the main family room for cooking, eating, and sleeping. This "city of David" is the ''little town of Bethlehem'' of Christmas-carol fame, a starlit silhouette indelibly etched on Christmas cards. No sooner was the baby born than angels announced the news to shepherds who spread the word.}}</ref> ==Ya̱fang== {{reflist}} {{wiktionary}} [[Sa:Khwikristi]] 7dqpatv1juyspwafsx53yjarecrs3sl 0 3077 49268 47976 2026-08-22T18:44:25Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49268 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ca̱caat|[[Khwong Jenshyung/Ca̱crak|Ca̱crak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[Khwong Jenshyung/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[Khwong Jenshyung/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[Khwong Jenshyung/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ta̱kad|[[Khwong Jenshyung/Ta̱kad|Ta̱kad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tuku|[[Khwong Jenshyung/Tuku|Tuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} '''Khwong Jenshyung''' hu ({{lang-ar|الضفة الغربية|translit=aḍ-Ḍiffah al-Ġarbiyyah}}; {{lang-he|הגדה המערבית|translit=HaGadah HaMaʽaravit}}, nang á̱ghyang á̱niet mi̱ Isi̱rela ka ngyei {{Lang-he|יהודה ושומרון|translation=Yahuda ma̱ng Sa̱mariya}} a̱ni)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Karayanni |first1=Michael |title=Conflicts in a Conflict |url=https://archive.org/details/conflictsinconfl0000kara |date=2014 |page=xi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3950139,00.html|title=המהפך של נתניהו |last1=רוזנפלד |first1=שאול |last2=אופנהיימר |first2=יריב |year=2010 |newspaper=ynet |quote=ההיסטוריים והאידיאולוגיים שנכרכו עם השנים במונחים גדה מערבית ויהודה ושומרון}}; Ginges, Jeremy, and Scott Atran. "Sacred values and cultural conflict." Advances in culture and psychology 4 (2013): 278–279. quote: Notwithstanding its abstractness, to religious settlers many of the more significant places that they lay claim to—from the old city of Jerusalem to the "Cave of the Patriarchs" (Me’arat ha-Machpela)—are in what the rest of the world calls the West Bank but what they refer to as Yehuda VeShomron.</ref> yet fam a̱byin hwa nang bibyin ghyáng keang di̱ tityak kpa̱mkpaan khwong [[Kyai A̱sa̱khwot Meditaroniya|Meditaroniya]] hu di̱ fam [[A̱siya Jenshyung]] ku yet kap ku swak ma̱ng shi hu mi̱ bibyin Pa̱la̱sti̱n hu a̱ni.<ref>{{Citation |title=West Bank |date=2022-09-27 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/west-bank/ |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |language=en |access-date=2022-09-30 |archive-date=2021-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722231029/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/west-bank/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ku byia̱ a̱gi̱gak ma̱ng a̱byin [[Urdun]] ma̱ng [[Kyai A̱sa̱khwot ku Sang Swuan]] hu di̱ fam a̱tyin hu a̱wot ma̱ng [[Isi̱rela]] (nwuan [[Lang Lyilyim (Isi̱rela)|Lang Lyilyim]]) di̱ nfam a̱tak, jenshyung, ma̱ng a̱za hu.<ref name=CIA/> A̱tafa [[Nyia̱ tyok Isi̱rela di̱ Khwong Jenshyung hu|tyok a̱khwot á̱kwop Isi̱rela neet ma̱ a̱lyia̱ 1967]], á̱ ka̱u a̱vwuo ka di̱ [[Palestinian enclaves|"bibyin a̱ka̱wa̱tyia̱ a̱byin" Pa̱la̱sti̱n]] 165 ku shyia̱ tafa kwak a̱son [[Atoriti A̱byin Pa̱la̱sti̱n]] (PNA) wu ku di̱n kap ku ma̱ a̱gba̱mgbam, mbeang a̱ka̱keang Isi̱rela 230 da̱nang ncam Isi̱rela shyia̱ di̱ cobai da̱ nna a̱ni. Khwong Jenshyung hu ka mbyia̱ Urusha̱lima A̱tyin. ==Ya̱fang== {{reflist}} [[Sa:Isi̱rela]] [[Sa:Pa̱la̱sti̱n]] noarp2jek0zm6r47b3k5k2du191on8t 0 3505 49243 47965 2026-08-22T18:31:36Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49243 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ca̱caat|[[Ita/Ca̱crak|Ca̱crak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[Ita/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[Ita/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[Ita/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ta̱kad|[[Ita/Ta̱kad|Ta̱kad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tuku|[[Ita/Tuku|Tuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} '''Ita''', ([[Shong (a̱lyem)|Shong]]: Easter, á̱ ka ngyei '''Pasi̱ka''' a̱ni ([[A̱ramik (a̱lyem)|A̱ramik]], [[Helen (a̱lyem)|Helen]], [[Lati̱n (a̱lyem)|Lati̱n]]) ku '''A̱tuk Doot ma̱ng Swuan A̱tyusan ma̱ Á̱niet Ba̱ Ka̱n Kwi a̱ni'''), yet song a̱yet Á̱nietkhwiki̱risi̱ti ja ma̱ng fwung taada nang á̱ nyia̱ mat doot ma̱ng swuan Yesu ma̱ á̱niet ba̱ ka̱n kwi a̱ni, á̱ ku wa̱i mi̱ [[La̱p A̱nu Fai]] hu nang kyang ku bai mmam ntat a̱ma̱lyim niat nggu hu ku nkhwi kpang nggu hu da̱ a̱team a̱khwu mbwak A̱rom ba da̱ a̱vwuo ka nang á̱ ngyei A̱vwuo A̱ghyighyak A̱pyia̱ a̱ni kpa̱mkpaan ma̱ng a̱lyia̱ 30 ndbK.<ref>{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=gDbKexa1jfcC&q=easter+central+feast&pg=PA224|title = Anniversaries and Holidays |author1=Bernard Trawicky |author2=Ruth Wilhelme Gregory |publisher = American Library Association|quote = Easter is the central celebration of the Christian liturgical year. It is the oldest and most important Christian feast, celebrating the Resurrection of Jesus Christ. The date of Easter determines the dates of all movable feasts except those of Advent. |date=2000 |isbn = 978-0838906958|access-date = 17 Zwat Swak 2020|archive-date = 12 Zwat Swak 2017|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171012025026/https://books.google.com/books?id=gDbKexa1jfcC|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Aveni | first = Anthony | title = "The Easter/Passover Season: Connecting Time's Broken Circle", ''The Book of the Year: A Brief History of Our Seasonal Holidays'' | publisher = Oxford University Press |date=2004 | pages = 64–78 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=4Mmmvol6DvkC | isbn = 0-19-517154-3 | access-date = 17 Zwat Swak 2020 | archive-date = 8 Zwat Sweang 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210208133723/https://books.google.com/books?id=4Mmmvol6DvkC | url-status = live }}</ref> Ngaan Cat Yesu Ki̱risi̱ti hu hwa, nang Len (ku [[A̱gba̱ndang Jen Fwui A̱nu]]) bai a̱zaghyi ma̱ng a̱nhu a̱ni, ma̱ng shi a̱swap mmam 40 nang á̱ ni̱ swan a̱fa-a̱khwot, naai A̱gwaza, a̱wot á̱ mun fak a̱sa̱kut a̱ Ma A̱gwaza ka. Á̱nietkhwiki̱risi̱ti ba ba̱ saai Ita a̱ni ni̱ ngyei sati ngaan A̱gba̱ndang Jen Fwui A̱nu hu ma̱ tai, a̱zaghyi Ita ka, A̱za̱za̱rak Sati wu, nang mi̱ Khwiki̱risi̱ti Jenshyung hu ni̱ tsa ma̱ng A̱tuk Ladi Bwak Tswan ka (ku tyai nwuai Yesu mi̱ Urusha̱lima), bi̱ri̱ng ma̱ng A̱tuk La̱ra̱ba Bang-a̱byin (nang á̱ tywei a̱nak lyiai Yesu mbwak á̱ka̱tuk á̱niet),<ref name=Cooper2013>{{cite book |last=Cooper |first=J.HB. |title=Dictionary of Christianity |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofchri0000unse_r0m2 |date=23 Zwat Swak 2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781134265466 |page=[https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofchri0000unse_r0m2/page/124 124] |quote=Holy Week. The last week in LENT. It begins on PALM SUNDAY; the fourth day is called SPY WEDNESDAY; the fifth is MAUNDY THURSDAY or HOLY THURSDAY; the sixth is Good Friday; and the last 'Holy Saturday', or the 'Great Sabbath'. }}</ref> a̱wot á̱ si̱ mbyia̱ mmam ''Triduum'' Ita dundung ma̱ng A̱tuk A̱laamit Kwi A̱ti̱tak, á̱ sak mat Kwi A̱ti̱tak ma̱ng yaan Kyayak Ngaan hu,<ref>{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=dyWqm3hCMC0C&pg=PA113|title = The Companion to the Book of Common Worship|author = Peter C. Bower|publisher = Geneva Press|quote = Maundy Thursday (or ''le mandé''; Thursday of the ''Mandatum'', Latin, commandment). The name is taken from the first few words sung at the ceremony of the washing of the feet, "I give you a new commandment" (John 13:34); also from the commandment of Christ that we should imitate His loving humility in the washing of the feet (John 13:14–17). The term ''mandatum'' (maundy), therefore, was applied to the rite of foot-washing on this day.|access-date = 11 April 2009|isbn = 978-0664502324|date=2003 |archive-date = 8 June 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210608184343/https://books.google.com/books?id=dyWqm3hCMC0C&pg=PA113|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Tbb9axN6qFwC&pg=PA33|title = Three Day Feast: Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, and Easter|publisher = Augsburg Fortress|first=Gail |last=Ramshaw|quote = In the liturgies of the Three Days, the service for Maundy Thursday includes both, telling the story of Jesus' last supper and enacting the footwashing.|date=2004 |access-date = 11 April 2009|isbn = 978-1451408164|archive-date = 5 Zwat Swak ma̱ng Jhyiung 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211105035735/https://books.google.com/books?id=Tbb9axN6qFwC&pg=PA33|url-status = live}}</ref> mbeang [[A̱za̱za̱rak Juma]] wu, a̱ tyai kpang da̱ a̱team a̱khwu ma̱ng a̱khwu Yesu.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uZFRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PT125|title=New century reference library of the world's most important knowledge: complete, thorough, practical, Volume 3|publisher=Syndicate Pub. Co.|first=Leonard |last=Stuart|quote=Holy Week, or Passion Week, the week which immediately precedes Easter, and is devoted especially to commemorating the passion of our Lord. The Days more especially solemnized during it are [[Holy Wednesday]], [[Maundy Thursday]], [[Good Friday]], and [[Holy Saturday]]. |date=1909 |access-date=11 April 2009|archive-date=5 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105035735/https://books.google.com/books?id=uZFRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PT125|url-status=live}}</ref> Mi̱ Khwiki̱risi̱ti A̱tyin hu, mi̱ naat mbwuot nyiung hwa á̱ tyai ma̱ng lyulyoot mmam ku tsa a̱mgba̱m ma̱ng "A̱za̱za̱rak" ku "A̱za̱za̱rak ma̱ng A̱gba̱ndang", a̱wot á̱ bye yei Ita a̱pyia̱ nggu, A̱gba̱ndang ma̱ng A̱za̱za̱rak Pasi̱ka wu. Mi̱ Khwiki̱risi̱ti Jenshyung ma̱ng si̱ A̱tyin hu, Jen Ita ku Pasi̱ka—ni̱ ntsa ma̱ng A̱tuk Ladi Ita kya a̱wot ji̱ ya a̱son kyiak nat nsati a̱natat na̱ shyia̱ a̱zanson a̱ni, a̱wot ji̱ si̱ fwan a̱tuk mam 50 kikya, A̱tuk Ladi Penti̱kot ka. Da̱ a̱kwonu a̱kya, mi̱ Khwiki̱risi̱ti A̱tyin hu, ngaan a̱yet hu ni̱ bai a̱tuk mam 39 kikya, a̱tyetuk A̱yet Bwuok a̱ Nat Tswazwa ka. ==A̱ya̱fang== {{reflist}} [[Sa:Ita]] ftkxcxd12i03bmq0wyj5di1fje9tyk9 0 3507 49244 48489 2026-08-22T18:31:56Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49244 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ca̱caat|[[Helen (a̱lyem)/Ca̱crak|Ca̱crak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[Helen (a̱lyem)/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[Helen (a̱lyem)/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[Helen (a̱lyem)/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ta̱kad|[[Helen (a̱lyem)/Ta̱kad|Ta̱kad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tuku|[[Helen (a̱lyem)/Tuku|Tuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} '''Helen''' ({{lang-el|label=[[Helen A̱zafwun]]|Ελληνικά|Elliniká}}, {{IPA-el|eliniˈka|pron}}; {{lang-grc|Ἑλληνική|Hellēnikḗ}}) yet sa ja di̱ kwai lilyem [[Lilyem Ndo-Yurop|Ndo-Yurop]] ji̱ yong ma̱sa̱t a̱ni, neet ma̱ a̱byin [[Helat]], [[Kuburut]], a̱tak [[Italiya]] ([[Ka̱labi̱riya]] ma̱ng [[Salento]]), a̱tak [[A̱li̱beniya]], mbeang nfam nghyang ma̱ [[A̱yaabali̱kan]] ba, khwong [[A̱dyundyung Kyai A̱sa̱khwot]] hu, [[A̱siya Minor]], ma̱ng fam [[A̱tyin Meditaroniya]] hu. Jija byia̱ lyuut nkhang swanta ku shi a̱ swak kuzang a̱lyem Ndo-Yurop, ku ngaat a̱ teak a̱yaarekot ndyia̱ 3,400 nang á̱ ku lyuut a̱ni.<ref name=":1">{{cite encyclopedia|title=Greek language|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.|access-date=29 Zwat Nyaai 2014|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/244595/Greek-language}}</ref> Vak lyuut nji hwa yet [[Zwunzwuo-a̱lyem Helen]] ji, ji̱ shyia̱ di̱n ta̱m bai kpa̱mkpaan ma̱ng ndyia̱ 2,800;<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Haviland|first1=William A.|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nfIWAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT437|title=Anthropology: The Human Challenge|last2=Prins|first2=Harald E. L.|last3=Walrath|first3=Dana|last4=McBride|first4=Bunny|date=2013|publisher=[[Cengage|Cengage Learning]]|isbn=978-1-285-67758-3|pages=394|language=en|chapter=Chapter 15: Language and Communication|quote=Most of the alphabets used today descended from the Phoenician one. The Greeks adopted it about 2,800 years ago, modifying the characters to suit sounds in their own language.|author-link2=Harald Prins|author-link4=Bunny McBride}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Comrie|first=Bernard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lR9WDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT463|title=The World's Major Languages|date=1987|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-317-29049-0|publication-date=2018|language=en|quote=... the Greek alphabet has served the Greek language well for some 2,800 years since its introduction into Greece in the tenth or ninth century BC.|author-link=Bernard Comrie}}</ref> a̱zaghyi ma̱ng jen a̱ja, á̱ ku kwok lyuut Helen di̱ nvak lyuut nang [[Linear B]] ma̱ng lyuut-a̱ka̱tyong Kuburut ni̱nia.<ref>{{Cite book|title=A history of the Greek language : from its origins to the present|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofgreekla0000adra|author=Adrados, Francisco Rodríguez|date=2005|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-12835-4|location=Leiden|oclc=59712402}}</ref> Á̱ ku bwuo zwunzwuo-a̱lyem ji neet di̱ zwunzwuo-a̱lyem Finikya ja a̱wot ji̱ si̱ ba̱ yet a̱nan zwunzwuo-a̱lyem Lati̱n, Kurilut, A̱rmeniya, Koptik, Gotik, ma̱ng nvak lyuut ma̱ a̱di̱di̱t nghyang. ==Ya̱fang== {{Reflist}} tqfsqgpdj9ecdbq9zhezzr1snddc25z 0 3534 49264 46913 2026-08-22T18:43:12Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49264 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ca̱caat|[[A̱di̱dei A̱yet Kpaa̱kpeang/Ca̱crak|Ca̱crak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[Kwadi̱dei A̱yet Kpaa̱kpeang/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[A̱di̱dei A̱yet Kpaa̱kpeang/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[A̱di̱dei A̱yet Kpaa̱kpeang/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Takad|[[A̱di̱dei A̱yet Kpaa̱kpeang/Takad|Takad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyecaat|[[A̱di̱dei A̱yet Kpaa̱kpeang/Tyeca̱rak|Tyeca̱rak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyuku|[[A̱di̱dei A̱yet Kpaa̱kpeang/Tyuku|Tyuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} '''A̱di̱dei A̱yet Kpaa̱kpeang ''' ku '''Kpaa̱pyia̱ A̱da̱dei Idi''' ku '''Idi Fiti̱rit''' (La̱ra̱ba: عيد الفطر, ''ʿĪd al-Fiṭr'' ku fa 'Fwung Tyat Swan A̱fa-a̱khwot' a̱ni,<ref>{{cite book |title=Islam |url=https://archive.org/details/islam0000elia |first=Jamal J. |last=Elias |publisher=Routledge |year=1999 |isbn=0415211654 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islam0000elia/page/75 75]}}</ref> {{IPA-ar|ʕiːd æl ˈfɪtˤr|IPA}}) hwa yet a̱son fwung a̱gwomna̱ti ka di̱ nfwung nfeang na nang á̱ song di̱ [[Khwikpaa̱pyia̱]] (ghyang hu hwa yet [[Kpaa̱pyia̱ A̱gba̱ndang Idi]]). Ku nang [[Kuran]] ji nwai lyiat tazwa song a̱yet Idi ji,<ref>https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GJaDWAh-AWgC&pg=PT117&dq=eid+not+in+quran&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi3q-e_lMH-AhWzoFwKHT1jAdoQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> Á̱nietkpaa̱kpeang ba ni̱ song a̱yet fwung a̱dini Kpaa̱pyia̱ A̱da̱dei Idi ka koji mi̱ swanta da̱nian kikya yet ngaan swan swat a̱fa-a̱khwot hu kyiak neet ma̱ a̱tsotson ba̱ng si̱ tat kwa̱imam nang á̱ ngyei [[Ramadan]] a̱ni.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Barr |first1=Sabrina |title=Eid al-Adha 2019: When is it, How is it celebrated and How to Wish Someone Happy Eid |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/eid-al-adha-2019-when-date-holiday-uae-saudi-arabia-islam-festival-a9027196.html |website=independent |access-date=11 Zwat A̱ni̱nai 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811153557/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/eid-al-adha-2019-when-date-holiday-uae-saudi-arabia-islam-festival-a9027196.html |archive-date=11 Zwat A̱ni̱nai 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Da̱ a̱kwonu a̱kya, Á̱nietkpaa̱kpeang á̱ghyang nwai kyiak nhu nang a̱za̱za̱rak fwung.<ref>https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QoShEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA53&dq=eid+not+in+quran&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi3q-e_lMH-AhWzoFwKHT1jAdoQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> Kpaa̱pyia̱ A̱da̱dei Idi ni̱ kwa̱i a̱tuk ntsa ''Shawwal'' mi̱ ka̱la̱nda Khwikpaa̱pyia̱; ma, kuzang jen ja ji̱ kwa̱i a̱tuk a̱nyiung mi̱ ka̱la̱nda Gi̱rigori ji bah, ma̱nang a̱son kuzang zwat Hijri ni̱ ntsa ma̱ng ghwut zwat (zwat luna) hwa a̱wot ka̱ shyak ca̱caat ma̱ng jen ji nang á̱nietntyok a̱dini ba li zwat swai ji nang ji̱ neet ghwut a̱ni. Á̱ ngyei fwung hu ma̱ng lyulyoot vwuon hwa di̱ lilyem ma̱ng bibyin swanta vwuon. Á̱ ngyei mam hu A̱da̱dei Idi, ku mi̱ Idi.<ref name=TheNation2020-06-30-01a/> ==A̱ya̱fang== {{Reflist}} [[Sa:Khwikpaa̱pyia̱]] ex4tlub178r1cih3xoa7qsxrvz4lum4 0 3794 49273 41537 2026-08-22T18:46:37Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49273 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ca̱caat|[[Nwap/Ca̱crak|Ca̱crak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[Nwap/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[Nwap/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[Nwap/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ta̱kad|[[Nwap/Ta̱kad|Ta̱kad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tuku|[[Nwap/Tuku|Tuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} '''Nwap''' yet sot [[á̱niet]] ja ji̱ kyiak jhyang ca̱caat ma̱ng nkyang nang konyan byia̱ na̱ tai jhyang a̱ni, a̱wot nkyang nani si̱ khap nji ma̱ng á̱niet susot jhyáng. Nkyang á̱na maai yet taada, a̱yaatyia̱-a̱khwop, a̱lyem, nkhang, sot-á̱niet, yet á̱niet, khwi, ku si̱sak nang á̱ghyang á̱niet nyia̱ ma̱ng a̱mba a̱ni da̱ a̱vwuo ka nang ba̱ shyia̱ di̱ swan a̱ni.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Chandra|first=Kanchan|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/829678440|title=Constructivist theories of ethnic politics|date=2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0199893157|pages=69–70|oclc=829678440|access-date=2020-09-11|archive-date=2022-07-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730072314/https://www.worldcat.org/title/constructivist-theories-of-ethnic-politics/oclc/829678440|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Humanity: An Introduction to Cultural Anthropology |url=https://archive.org/details/humanityintroduc0008peop |last1=People |first1=James |first2=Garrick |last2=Bailey |year=2010 |edition=9th |page=[https://archive.org/details/humanityintroduc0008peop/page/389 389] |publisher=Wadsworth Cengage learning |quote=In essence, an ethnic group is a named social category of people based on perceptions of shared social experience or one's ancestors' experiences. Members of the ethnic group see themselves as sharing cultural traditions and history that distinguish them from other groups. Ethnic group identity has a strong psychological or emotional component that divides the people of the world into opposing categories of 'us' and 'them'. In contrast to social stratification, which divides and unifies people along a series of horizontal axes based on socioeconomic factors, ethnic identities divide and unify people along a series of vertical axes. Thus, ethnic groups, at least theoretically, cut across socioeconomic class differences, drawing members from all strata of the population.}}</ref> ==A̱ya̱fang== {{reflist}} ==A̱ka̱fwuop nta== {{Wiktionary|nwap}} {{Commons category|Ethnic groups|Nnwap}} * [http://escholarship.org/uc/item/32r9x0jr Ethnicity] at EScholarship.org (di̱n Shong) * [http://www.apa.org/pi/oema/index.aspx Office of Ethnic Minority Affairs] – American Psychological Association (di̱n Shong) * ''[https://growup.ethz.ch/ Ethnic Power Relations (EPR) Atlas]'' (di̱n Shong) * [https://www.infoplease.com/world/countries/ethnicity-and-race-by-countries List of ethnic groups by country] (di̱n Shong) [[Sa:Nwap| ]] gq5387rzxohfmocbo65hzzvgw321odo 0 3881 49272 46768 2026-08-22T18:46:15Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49272 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ca̱caat|[[Jhya̱ Á̱nietcen A̱fakan 1992 ji/Ca̱crak|Ca̱crak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[Jhya̱ Á̱nietcen A̱fakan 1992 ji/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[Jhya̱ Á̱nietcen A̱fakan 1992 ji/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[Jhya̱ Á̱nietcen A̱fakan 1992 ji/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ta̱kad|[[Jhya̱ Á̱nietcen A̱fakan 1992 ji/Ta̱kad|Ta̱kad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tuku|[[Jhya̱ Á̱nietcen A̱fakan 1992 ji/Tuku|Tuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} A̱tsan ''' Jhya̱ Á̱nietcen A̱fakan 1992''' ka ku tsa neet di̱n jen nang A̱bii̱ri̱ti̱n ba ku tyok a̱ni di̱ [[Fam-a̱byin A̱za, Naijeriya|Fam-a̱byin A̱za]] Naijeriya Bi̱ri̱ti̱n hu, ma̱nang [[A̱tyap]] ba ku tywei nyia̱ [[A̱kpat]] ba ta̱wap mba a̱byin. Ma̱ a̱lyia̱ 1922, á̱ ku tak nyia̱ a̱gwam [[Zariya]], Dalatu Usuman Yero, ku san a̱gba̱ndang jen a̱byin di̱n mi̱n teang á̱niet-a̱byin ba kurum a̱byin hu. Ma̱ a̱lyia̱ 1966, a̱gwam Zariya di̱ yong a̱hwa, Muwamet Usuman, si̱ kyiak a̱byin a̱kya, a̱ si̱ nwuak á̱nietbwuang A̱kpat ba ba̱ swan di̱ fam Maba̱ta̱do ma̱ a̱keang A̱nietcen A̱fakan ka. Á̱ ku kyiak a̱byin a̱kya nyia̱ kaswuo ja ma̱ng a̱nka, a̱wot mami kaswuo a̱ja, A̱tyap ba si̱ mi̱n bwuang nam a̱kusuru ku [[a̱kan]] ba, nang á̱nietcen ba vwuong mba nyia̱ a̱nia.<ref>{{cite book |title=Violence in Nigeria: The Crisis of Religious Politics and Secular Ideologies |url=https://archive.org/details/violenceinnigeri0000toyi |author=Toyin Falola |publisher=University Rochester Press |year=2001 |isbn=1-58046-052-6 |page=[https://archive.org/details/violenceinnigeri0000toyi/page/216 216]}}</ref><ref name=Gora>{{Cite journal |last=Yahaya |first=Aliyu |date=Spring 2016 |title=Colonialism in the Stateless Societies of Africa: A Historical Overview of Administrative Policies and Enduring Consequences in Southern Zaria Districts, Nigeria |url=http://digitalscholarship.tsu.edu/assr/vol8/issl/3 |volume=8 |issue=1 |access-date=Zwat A̱ni̱nai 10, 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=Zwat A̱natat 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Ya̱fang== {{Reflist}} 46jv82ysdxp2z0tn59ktnzelabse1ng 0 4176 49267 47138 2026-08-22T18:44:03Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49267 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ca̱caat|[[A̱som/Ca̱crak|Ca̱crak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[A̱som/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[A̱som/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[A̱som/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ta̱kad|[[A̱som/Ta̱kad|Ta̱kad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tuku|[[A̱som/Tuku|Tuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} '''A̱som''' ku '''a̱nsom''' wu (á̱kpa: a̱yaasom ku a̱yaansom ''ba''), á̱ ngyei nggwon nggu ka '''a̱fi̱t-a̱som''' ka (a̱kpa: a̱ka̱fi̱t-a̱som ''na'') a̱ni yet byin nyam hwa ba̱ nwaai mmam shi á̱kpa mi̱ jenut '''''Lepus'''''.<ref name="britannica">{{cite web |last1=Smith |first1=Andrew |title=Hare |url=https://www.britannica.com/animal/hare-mammal |website=Britannica |access-date=6 Zwat Sweang 2022}}</ref> A̱som byia̱ a̱jujung a̱fufwuo, a̱ si̱ bu byia̱ a̱mgba̱i a̱ghyi ma̱ng a̱bajojwaat a̱ti̱tak ka̱ byia̱ ghan ba̱t ki̱ ka̱ kwa cung.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.petplanet.co.uk/small_breed_profile.asp?sbid=12/|title=Rabbit - Belgian Hare Small Breed Profile &#124; PetPlanet.co.uk|website=PetPlanet}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |A̱yaasom |- | colspan="2" | |- | colspan="2" |A̱som kyai (''Lepus saxatilis'') |} ==Tyei== A̱yaasom yet nyám ja ji̱ byia̱ ghan ba̱t a̱wot ba̱ si̱ mi̱n tyong cung ba̱ng si̱ tat {{convert|80|km/h|abbr=on}} ma̱ a̱bacyuang a̱ka̱swap a̱vwuo.<ref>{{cite book| publisher = IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), Lagomorph Specialist Group| isbn = 2831700191| last1 = Chapman| first1 = Joseph| last2 = Flux | first2 = John | title = Rabbits, Hares and Pikas : Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan | url = https://archive.org/details/rabbitsharespika0000unse| date = 1990|page=[https://archive.org/details/rabbitsharespika0000unse/page/2 2]}}</ref> tazwa a̱jujung a̱ka̱swap, a̱som [[Yurop]] wu (''Lepus europaeus'') si̱ mi̱n tyong tat {{convert|35|mph|order=flip|abbr=on|round=5}}.<ref>{{cite book| publisher = National Geographic Books| isbn = 9780792259367| last1 = McKay| first1 = George| first2 = Karen|last2= McGhee| title = National Geographic Encyclopedia of Animals| url = https://archive.org/details/nationalgeograph00kare| url-access = registration| date = 10 October 2006|page=[https://archive.org/details/nationalgeograph00kare/page/68 68]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Vu |first=Alan |title=''Lepus europaeus'': European hare |url=http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lepus_europaeus.html |access-date=9 January 2013 |work=Animal Diversity Web |publisher=University of Michigan Museum of Zoology}}</ref> Byin ntsa a̱ka̱fi̱t-a̱som na á̱ ku shyiat mi̱ a̱ka̱wa̱tyia̱ ma̱ng [[Jenshyung (fam)|Jenshyung]]-[[A̱za (fam)|A̱za]] [[A̱merika]] ba̱ si̱ mi̱n ngyong cung tat {{convert|40|mph|km/h|order=flip|abbr=on|round=5}} tazwa a̱jujung a̱ka̱swap, a̱wot ba̱ si̱ mi̱n neap tat a̱swap {{convert|3|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} ma̱ng jen.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/jackrabbit/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100207174802/http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/jackrabbit/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=Zwat Sweang 7, 2010 |title=Jackrabbits, Jackrabbit Pictures, Jackrabbit Facts - National Geographic |date=11 April 2010 |publisher=Animals.nationalgeographic.com |access-date=2013-01-12}}</ref> ==A̱ya̱fang== {{reflist}} ==A̱ka̱fwuop nta== {{Swánga̱lyiatwuki}} [[Sa:Tyap Wikimedians Zaria Outreach]] [[Sa:Nyám]] 2y89lb71b1keer4bn5hhudchwz5554t 0 4226 49249 43114 2026-08-22T18:34:04Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49249 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ca̱caat|[[A̱ma̱njhyii̱t/Ca̱crak|Ca̱crak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[Ma̱njyii̱t/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[Əmənjhyiɨt/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[A̱ma̱njhyii̱t/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ta̱kad|[[A̱ma̱njhyii̱t/Ta̱kad|Ta̱kad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tuku|[[Ama̱njhyii̱t/Tuku|Tuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} [[File:Regenwurm1.jpg|thumb|''Lumbricus terrestris'', tangka̱i a̱ma̱njhyii̱t]] [[File:Spaghetti Worm Loimia medusa.jpg|thumb|A̱sai cat fwuong-a̱vwuo ''Loimia medusa'', tangka̱i a̱ma̱njhyii̱t]] '''Á̱ma̱njhyii̱t''' ''ba'' (a̱nyiung: '''a̱ma̱njhyii̱t''' ''wu'') yet ntangka̱i nyám ma̱ a̱di̱di̱t nvwuon nia na̱ byia̱ vam ku yet nang lang a̱ni na̱ li junjung a̱wot na̱ si̱ yet nang a̱di̱ri̱m a̱ni, di̱ mi̱n [[Tak|a̱ti̱tak]] ku [[Bwak|mbwak]] ku [[Tswa a̱li|a̱lili]]. Á̱ma̱njhyii̱t vwuon-vi̱vwuon kyiak neet mi̱ tangka̱i shi hu nang ka̱gbang a̱ghyi si̱ mi̱n di a̱ni bah ba̱ng si̱ tat á̱si̱ ba̱ na swak mita 1 (nia̱ 3.3) a̱ni mi̱ shi a̱swap nang á̱ma̱njhyii̱t a̱sa̱khwot jhyáng;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/cornwall/content/articles/2009/04/07/nature_worm_feature.shtml |title=Cornwall – Nature – Superstar Worm |publisher=BBC |date=7 Zwat Nyaai 2009 }}</ref> a̱gba̱ndang a̱ma̱njhyii̱t Afi̱rika wu si̱ yet mita 6.7 (nia̱ 22), ''Microchaetus rappi'';<ref>{{cite web |title=Worm Digest - The Mighty Worm |url=http://www.wormdigest.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=102&Itemid=2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219141951/http://www.wormdigest.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=102&Itemid=2 |archive-date=19 Zwat Sweang 2009 |date=2 Zwat Swak 2005 |url-status=dead}};</ref> mbeang a̱ma̱njhyii̱t a̱sa̱khwot wu á̱ ngyei ''Lineus longissimus'' a̱ni a̱ yet mita 58 (nia̱ 190).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carwardine |first1=Mark |title=The Guinness book of animal records |url=https://archive.org/details/guinnessbookofan0000carw |date=1995 |publisher=Guinness Publishing |location=Enfield |isbn=978-0851126586 |page=[https://archive.org/details/guinnessbookofan0000carw/page/232 232]}}</ref> Ntangka̱i á̱ma̱njhyii̱t nvwuon nia shyia̱ ma̱ a̱bansot á̱kpa-nzeam ka, ka̱ swan a̱mami nvam nyám a̱ni. Ntangka̱i á̱ma̱njhyii̱t na̱ swan ma̱sa̱t a̱ni nwai swan ma̱ a̱byin bah; da̱ a̱kwonu a̱kya, na̱ ni̱ swan da̱ a̱ka̱vwuo na̱ byia̱ a̱sa̱khwot nia ku na̱ lung bwong a̱tafa a̱byin ka na̱ swan a̱ja. ==A̱ya̱fang== {{reflist}} [[Sa:Tyap Wikimedians Zaria Outreach]] [[Sa:Á̱ma̱njhyii̱t]] i81gck3m0vycd1dpezc64r4hway0ryy 0 4264 49274 43412 2026-08-22T18:47:04Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49274 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[Si̱tet Oyo/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[Si̱tet Oyo/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[Si̱tet Oyo/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Takad|[[Si̱tet Oyo/Takad|Takad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyecaat|[[Si̱tet Oyo/Tyeca̱rak|Tyeca̱rak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyuku|[[Si̱tet Oyo/Tyuku|Tyuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} '''Si̱tet Oyo''' yet kyai ha mi̱ a̱tak a̱ghyui Naijeria. A̱gba̱dang a̱ka̱yeang tung wu wa yet Ibadan, yet a̱tat ma̱ a̱chechet a̱ka̱yeang tung a̱byin na a̱ si̱ bu ngyet a̱feang ma̱ng a̱chechet a̱ka̱yeang tung mi̱ a̱byin a̱dwundwung A̱niet. Si̱set Oyo kau gak ma̱ng a̱tak a̱za si̱set Kwara, a̱wot ma̱ng jenshyung si̱set Osun , mbeang a̱tak a̱ghyui si̱set Ogun ma̱ng a̱gba̱dang a̱ka̱yeang tung Benin. Ma̱ng mak shi a̱kpa kpam 7,840,864 mi̱ 2016, Si̱set Oyo hwa ku yet a̱fwuon ma̱ng shi a̱kpa mi̱ a̱byin Naijeriya.<ref name="Altman183">The Encyclopedia of African-American Heritage by Susan Altman, Chapter O, page 183</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Si̱set Oyo |- | colspan="2" |Si̱set |- | colspan="2" | |- | colspan="2" |Swan a̱byin ji Nkut |- | colspan="2" |A̱lyoot ngan: Si̱set chong ma̱ng swat nyinyang |- | colspan="2" |Ngwat si̱ Si̱set Oyo mi̱ Naijeriya |- | colspan="2" |mak nkak: 8°00′N 4°00′E |- !A̱byin |Naijeriya |- !Mam jhyuk |3 zwat sweang 1976 |- !A̱ka̱yeang tung |Ibadan |- ! colspan="2" |A̱gwomna̱ti |- !• chet a̱byin |A̱gwomna̱ti Si̱set Oyo |- !• Gwomna̱ a̱byin wu |Oluwaseyi Makinde (PDP) |- !• Byiak Gwomna ji |Bayo Lawal (PDP) |- !• Sa kau a̱di̱dam |Si̱set Oyo á̱dum a̱mali ba |- !• Sa fak a̱lyiat |C: Teslim Folarin (APC) N: Abdulfatai Buhari (APC) S: Mohammed Kola Balogun (APC) |- !• Sa yong a̱kwonu fak a̱lyiat |Li̱t |- ! colspan="2" |Kak a̱byin |- !• kpam |28,454 km² (10,986 sq mi) |- ! colspan="2" |shi a̱kpa (2006)<ref>[http://www.oyostate.gov.ng/about-oyo/brief-overview] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090826174830/http://www.oyostate.gov.ng/about-oyo/brief-overview |date=2009-08-26 }} State overview</ref> |- !• kpam |5,580,894<ref name="PHC Tables">{{Cite web|url=http://population.gov.ng/core-activities/surveys/dataset/2006-phc-priority-tables/|title=2006 PHC Priority Tables – NATIONAL POPULATION COMMISSION|website=population.gov.ng|language=en-US|access-date=2017-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010054745/http://population.gov.ng/core-activities/surveys/dataset/2006-phc-priority-tables/|archive-date=2017-10-10|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! colspan="2" |GDP (PPP) |- !• A̱lyia |2021 |- !• kpam |$23.8 billion<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oyo State: Subdivision |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/nigeria/admin/NGA031__oyo/ |access-date=2024-02-07 |website=www.citypopulation.de |archive-date=2024-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240207103940/https://www.citypopulation.de/en/nigeria/admin/NGA031__oyo/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="C-GIDD GDP">{{cite web |date=2022-10-13 |editor-last=Okeowo |editor-first=Gabriel |editor2-last=Fatoba |editor2-first=Iyanuoluwa |title=State of States 2022 Edition |url=https://yourbudgit.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/2022-State-of-states_Official.pdf |access-date=2023-03-07 |website=Budgit.org |publisher=BudgIT |publication-date=2022-10-13 |archive-date=2023-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331012420/https://yourbudgit.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/2022-State-of-states_Official.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> |- !• kuzang a̱tyan |$2,560 |- !Jen jet a̱vwuo ji |UTC+01 (WAT) |- !postal code |200001 |- !ISO 3166 code |NG-OY |- !HDI (2018) |0.632<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13|archive-date=2018-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|url-status=live}}</ref> cha̱chaat · 10th of 37 |- !Watbwoia̱lyiat |www.oyostate.gov.ng |} Kpam a̱niet á̱ lyen ma̱ng swat a̱byin Si̱set Oyo wu yet A̱ghwangkpang bya,<ref>{{Cite web|title=oyo, nigeria language|url=https://thehumanasia.com/caoimhin-translation-ioib/oyo,-nigeria-language-503501|access-date=2021-03-07|website=thehumanasia.com|archive-date=2021-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302065543/https://thehumanasia.com/caoimhin-translation-ioib/oyo%2C-nigeria-language-503501|url-status=live}}</ref> a̱wot nwap Á̱ghwangkpang bya si̱ kai a̱byin ka. A̱lyoot ngan "Si̱set chong ma̱ng swat nyinyang", Jen-swak Si̱set Oyo shya mbwak tyok a̱pyia mba ha ba̱ ku nyia tyok si̱sa jhyang ma̱ng chet ngwon a̱byin.^{[''citation needed'']}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Falola |first=Toyin |title=History of Nigeria. |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofnigeria0000falo |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2008 |location=New York}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Samuel |first=Johnson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7XSiGw4_qlAC |title=The History of the Yorubas: From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the British Protectorate |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1966|isbn=978-1-108-02099-2 }}</ref> A̱tyu bang tyok wu ku yet tyokchet Á̱ghwangkpang a a̱ ku nyia ntyok da a̱kavwuo neet <abbr>c.</abbr> 1300 si̱ tat 1896.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Peter |first=Morton-Williams |title=THE ỌYỌ YORUBA AND THE ATLANTIC TRADE, 1670-1830 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41856687 |journal=Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria |jstor=41856687 |via=JSTOR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Akinjogbin|first=I. A.|date=1966|title=THE OYO EMPIRE IN THE 18TH CENTURY–A REASSESSMENT|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41856706|journal=Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria|volume=3|issue=3|pages=449–460|jstor=41856706|issn=0018-2540}}</ref> Nok 1830s, A̱gba̱ndang a̱ka̱yeang tung Oyo wu á̱ si̱ khyiak nggu nang nok ngwon a̱byin ha, á̱ si̱ ngyei nang "Oyo a̱fai" (''Ọ̀yọ́ Àtìbà'') á̱ si̱ khyiak a̱pyia nggu nang a̱tyu byi shi a̱gba̱ndang a̱khwukhwop nok a̱za, 'A̱khwukhwop Oyo' (''Ọ̀yọ́-Ilé''). Alaafin a̱ si̱ Oyo si̱ ya a̱son ma̱ng dyep song a̱yet á̱ ku kpaat a̱tyin ka ma̱ a̱gba̱ndang a̱ka̱yeang mun dungdung wu. Si̱set Oyo á̱ lyuut nyia a̱ ja wa byia Univa̱siti ntsa Naijeria wu, Univa̱siti Ibadan, Á̱ ku shyia mi̱ 1948. Nkyayak si̱set na bwat a̱ shi di̱ nkpam nia nang ba̱ khap, mbeang a̱ka̱yeang tung ndung a̱tak a̱ghyui Shaki nang á̱ tak nyia a̱si̱set burodi a̱ceang wa. A̱cyi a̱ninan, kwakwa, ma̱ng ta̱ba̱ wa yet a̱gba̱ndang a̱cuchuk khap si̱ nkyakyak si̱set Oyo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Association of Local Governments of Nigeria|url=https://algon.ng/Oyo.php|access-date=2021-06-03|website=algon.ng|archive-date=2021-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603080245/https://algon.ng/Oyo.php|url-status=live}}</ref> ==A̱ya̱fang== {{reflist}} [[Sa:Tyap Wikimedians Zaria Outreach]] 7aklbmlagl4i1l2stq2lwgh14xgymv3 0 4307 49275 43563 2026-08-22T18:47:46Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49275 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[Lyennkyangtam/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[Lyennkyangtam/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[Lyennkyangtam/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Takad|[[Lyennkyangtam/Takad|Takad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyecaat|[[LyennkyangtamTyeca̱rak|Tyeca̱rak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyuku|[[Lyennkyangtam/Tyuku|Tyuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} [[File:Dampfturbine Montage01.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Fwuontswam lywei ma̱ng a̱ganng a̱kup, kidee lyennkyangta̱m ma̱ng cet-nta̱m|alt=Ghwughwu á̱nietnta̱m ba̱ nyian ta̱m tazwa fwuontswam lywei a̱ni.]] '''Lyennkyangtam''' yet tyei [[lyen kyang]] di̱n ta̱m hwa mat á̱ nshyia̱ kyang hu á̱ ncat a̱ni di̱n vak á̱ na nshyia̱ a̱saat a̱ni.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Skolnikoff |first=Eugene B. |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt7rpm1 |title=The Elusive Transformation: Science, Technology, and the Evolution of International Politics |date=1993 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0691037707 |page=13|jstor=j.ctt7rpm1 }}</ref> Swang a̱lyiat lyennkyangtam ji bu bye fa nkyang na nang á̱ maai ghwut ndyo di̱n tangka̱i ta̱m a̱hwa a̱ni,<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Salomon |first=Jean‐Jacques |date=1 Zwat Jhyiung 1984 |title=What is technology? The issue of its origins and definitions |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/07341518408581618 |journal=History and Technology |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=113–156 |doi=10.1080/07341518408581618 |issn=0734-1512 |access-date=10 Zwat A̱kubunyiung 2022 |archive-date=4 Zwat Swak 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004184240/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341518408581618 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mitcham |first=C. |title=Thinking Through Technology: The Path Between Engineering and Philosophy |url=https://archive.org/details/thinkingthrought0000mitc_c3c2 |year= 1994 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0226531984}}</ref> bi̱ri̱ng ma̱ng nkyang na nang á̱ maai á̱ li á̱ la a̱ni nang [[Kyang-a̱weang|nkyang-a̱weang]] ku [[Mashin|a̱yaamashin]], mbeang nkyang na nang á̱ maai á̱ li a̱ni a̱wot á̱ si̱ mi̱n nda a̱ni bah ma̱nang [[Kyanglilyiit|nkyanglilyiit]] a̱ni. Lyennkyangtam byia̱ a̱tsatsak nta̱m mi̱ [[sayen]], [[bwokntswam]], ma̱ng [[shyicet kuzangmam]]. ==Ya̱fang== {{Reflist}} [[Sa:Tyap Wikimedians Zaria Outreach]] [[Sa:Lyennkyangta̱m]] t2zniu2pwbvpz85ui9aten9qsf2vd2w 0 5297 49251 47890 2026-08-22T18:34:45Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49251 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ca̱caat|[[A̱za̱za̱rak Juma/Ca̱crak|Ca̱crak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[A̱za̱za̱rak Juma/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[A̱za̱za̱rak Juma/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[A̱za̱za̱rak Juma/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ta̱kad|[[A̱za̱za̱rak Juma/Ta̱kad|Ta̱kad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tuku|[[A̱za̱za̱rak Juma/Tuku|Tuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} '''A̱za̱za̱rak Juma''' yet a̱tuk mam fwung [[Khwikristi|Á̱nietkhwiki̱risi̱ti]] kya nang á̱ ku kpang Yesu da̱ a̱team a̱khwu ka a̱ni a̱wot a̱ si̱ khwu da̱ A̱vwuo A̱ghyighyak A̱pyia̱ ka nang á̱ ngyei Goli̱gota da̱ a̱lyem A̱biru ka a̱ni. Á̱ ka nkyiak nggu nang A̱za̱za̱rak Sati wa a̱ni nang kap {{lang|la|Paschal Triduum}}. Á̱ ka ngyei nggu '''A̱tan Juma''', '''A̱gba̱ndang Juma''', '''A̱gba̱ndang ma̱ng A̱za̱za̱rak Juma''' (ku '''A̱za̱za̱rak ma̱ng A̱gba̱ndang Juma''' meang),<ref>{{cite book|author1=Franklin M. Segler|author2=Randall Bradley|title=Christian Worship: Its Theology And Practice|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fSRHbo_RfLoC&pg=PA226|access-date=13 Zwat Nyaai 2012|year=2006|publisher=B&H Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-8054-4067-6|page=226|archive-date=3 Zwat Swak 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003004835/https://books.google.com/books?id=fSRHbo_RfLoC&pg=PA226|url-status=live}}</ref> ku '''Juma Cat A̱tyoli''' ji.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Franklin M. Segler |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fSRHbo_RfLoC&pg=PA226 |title=Christian Worship: Its Theology And Practice |author2=Randall Bradley |publisher=B&H Publishing Group |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-8054-4067-6 |page=226 |access-date=13 Zwat Nyaai 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003004835/https://books.google.com/books?id=fSRHbo_RfLoC&pg=PA226 |archive-date=3 October 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Gilman |first1=Daniel Coit |title=The New International Encyclopaedia |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_mTxOAAAAYAAJ |last2=Peck |first2=Harry Thurston |last3=Colby |first3=Frank Moore |date=1903 |publisher=Dodd, Mead and Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_mTxOAAAAYAAJ/page/77 77] |language=en |quote=Good Friday is also known as Black Friday in the Western Church, because on that day clerical vestments and altar draperies are black.}}</ref> Á̱kum-á̱niet susot Á̱nietkhwi ka, bi̱ri̱ng ma̱ng A̱katolika, A̱todok A̱tyin, Luteran, Anggi̱likan, Metodi̱t, A̱todok Oriyentat, Badundung Pi̱rotesi̱tan, ma̱ng a̱yaataada Ri̱fom á̱ghyang (nang a̱yaacot Ri̱fom Konti̱nentat, Pi̱resi̱biteriyan, mbeang Kongi̱rigeshyonali̱t, á̱ghyang ni̱ sak A̱za̱za̱rak Juma wu ma̱ng swan a̱fa-a̱khwot ma̱ng cong dyep A̱gwaza.<ref name="RipleyDana1883">{{cite book|last1=Ripley|first1=George|last2=Dana|first2=Charles Anderson|title=The American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary for General Knowledge|year=1883|publisher=D. Appleton and Company|language=en |page=101|quote=The Protestant Episcopal, Lutheran, and Reformed churches, as well as many Methodists, observe the day by fasting and special services.}}</ref><ref name="Pfatteicher1990"/><ref name="JacobsHaas1899"/> Mi̱ a̱yaacot Katolika, Luteran, Anggi̱likan, mbeang Metodi̱t ma̱ a̱di̱di̱t, á̱ ka nnyia̱ Naai A̱gba̱ndang A̱dyundyung-a̱fa A̱yaawa A̱tat hu kyiak neet ma̱ a̱ka̱wa̱tyia̱ a̱ta̱mam ba̱ng si̱ nat tswam 3{{nbsp}}jsh— a̱yaawa ba nang Kpa̱m A̱lyiat A̱gwaza hu ku shei nyia̱ lyin ku kup a̱byin ka ba̱ng si̱ nat mi̱ jen kwi Yesu ji da̱ a̱team a̱khwu ka.<ref>{{cite web |title=What is the significance of Good Friday? |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/lifestyle/what-is-the-significance-of-good-friday |publisher=[[The Free Press Journal]] |access-date=3 April 2021 |language=English |date=2 April 2021 |archive-date=3 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003013129/https://www.freepressjournal.in/lifestyle/what-is-the-significance-of-good-friday |url-status=live }}</ref> Mi̱ a̱yaataada Katolika, Luteran, ma̱ng a̱si̱ Anggi̱likan ba, á̱ ni̱ nyia̱ naai Tityan-ncyui A̱team A̱khwu hu a̱jenshyung A̱za̱za̱rak Juma ka, nang mi̱ Juma Jen Fwui A̱nu njhyang.<ref name="Hill2025">{{cite book |last1=Hill |first1=Wesley |title=Easter: The Season of the Resurrection of Jesus |date=4 Zwat Sweang 2025 |publisher=InterVarsity Press |isbn=978-1-5140-0037-3 |language=en |quote=Many Christians are familiar with the so-called Stations of the Cross. If you walk into a Catholic, Lutheran, or Anglican parish church, you are likely to see a series of icons or small carvings set up along the north and south walls of the nave. Each one depicts a moment of Jesus' passion—Jesus' sentencing, his shouldering his cross, his meeting the women of Jerusalem, his stripping, his being nailed to the cross, and so on, continuing through his being laid to rest in the tomb. Originally, pilgrims observed these "stations" in Jerusalem, on the Via Dolorosa, the "sorrowful way" from the fortress Antonia in Jerusalem to Golgota outside the city gates, but they exported them around the world so that even those who could not make a pilgrimage to the Holy Land could still pray through them during Lent and Holy Week especially.}}</ref> Á̱kum-á̱niet Cot Moraviya ka byia̱ taada A̱za̱za̱rak Juma nang ka̱ ni̱ cong lyang bibi da̱ a̱ka̱vwuoniat nkwom a̱byin Moraviya na.<ref name="WSJ2020"/> Mam A̱za̱za̱rak Juma hu ngya a̱son kyiak neet ma̱ a̱lyia̱ a̱nyiung ba̱ng si̱ tat a̱lyia̱ ntung ka ma̱ ká̱la̱nda [[Ka̱la̱nda Gi̱regi̱ri|Gi̱regi̱ri]] ji ma̱ng si̱ [[Ka̱la̱nda Juliyot|Juliyot]] ji. Khwiki̱risi̱ti A̱tyin hu ma̱ng si̱ Jenshyung hu ngya fwuang tazwa a̱tsak mam [[Ita]] wu; mat a̱nia, dundung ma̱ng a̱si̱ A̱za̱za̱rak Juma wu mameang. A̱za̱za̱rak Juma wu yet a̱gba̱ndang mam fwung wa da̱ a̱ka̱vwuo ma̱ a̱di̱di̱t mi̱ swanta hu.<ref>{{cite book|title=Harper's New Monthly Magazine, Volume 36, Issue 214|year=1868|publisher=Harper & Brothers|page=521|quote=In England Good-Friday and Christmas are the only close holidays of the year when the shops are all closed and the churches opened.}}</ref> Bibyin ghyáng nang a̱lyiak á̱niet mba wu yet Á̱nietkhwi bya, nang [[Jami̱ni]], byia̱ cám ji̱ nvwuong za̱kwa njhyang ma̱ á̱niet—nang song mami á̱niet, cung a̱zama ntsaaí—mi̱ di̱ jhyung yet a̱dyundyung-a̱fa A̱za̱za̱rak Juma hu.<ref name="Petre"/><ref name="Stevens"/> ==A̱ya̱fang== {{reflist}} [[Sa:Khwikristi]] [[Sa:Ita]] 87772jylfl9mmnsjb53dk3sbsxttzj2 0 5511 49240 47877 2026-08-22T18:30:32Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49240 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ca̱caat|[[A̱shuk/Ca̱crak|Ca̱crak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[A̱shuk/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[A̱shuk/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[A̱shuk/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ta̱kad|[[A̱shuk/Ta̱kad|Ta̱kad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tuku|[[A̱shuk/Tuku|Tuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} [[File:The Gunpowder Plot Conspirators, 1605 from NPG.jpg|thumb|230px|right|Ghwughwu á̱nietlap-a̱shuk hu mi̱ A̱shuk Ntong A̱tandong ka, nyia̱ jhyang nang á̱ la̱p di̱ niat a̱ni ma̱ a̱lyia̱ 1605 á̱ tat Malikpacam a̱byin Nggi̱lan ka.<ref name="Sharpe 2005">{{cite book |last=Sharpe |first=James A. |author-link=James Sharpe (historian) |year=2005 |chapter=The Evil Empire and The Enemy Within |title=Remember, Remember: A Cultural History of Guy Fawkes Day |url=https://archive.org/details/rememberremember0000shar_p0k3 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |publisher=Harvard University Press |pages=[https://archive.org/details/rememberremember0000shar_p0k3/page/1 1]–37 |isbn=9780674019355}}</ref> A̱shuk hyaai A̱gwam Yakubu I kani nang sot A̱katolika Nggi̱lan jhyang ku la̱p a̱ni si̱ bai fwan.<ref name="Sharpe 2005"/>]] '''A̱shuk''', ka̱ doot á̱ bu ngyei '''la̱p-a̱shuk''' a̱ni, yet khwom hwa ku shim nang á̱ ni̱ shim di̱ niat tsi̱tsak á̱niet (á̱ ngyei '''á̱nietla̱p-a̱shuk''' ba a̱ni) ba̱ khwat kyang ku nwai yet a̱ni ku bai tazwa a̱ghyang a̱niet, nang hyaai a̱yin mi̱cet, tyei zat, ku za̱kwa-byian nkyang, ka̱ doot mat ba̱ san cet tyok,<ref>''Collins Dictionary'': [https://www.collinsdictionary.com/pt/dictionary/english/conspiracy conspiracy]</ref> nang ba̱ sak kyang hu ba̱ shim ba̱ na nyia̱ a̱ni di̱ niat si̱sak nang a̱yin na lyen a̱ni bah. Di̱ fam kwainfwuo-á̱niet, a̱shuk fa ka̱nang sot á̱niet si̱ muna̱pyia̱ ba̱ bwuak nkyang na nang á̱ ku kpaat a̱ni mat ya a̱son tyok hu. Si̱ huni bye kyiak lili ta̱wap ku shyak mba, ku shyiat kpangti̱n di̱n vak ku nwai yet a̱ni bah, si̱sak nang tyok hu á̱ ku kpaat a̱ni na bwuak a̱ tyia̱ bobwot, ku kwa, ma̱ng li̱n-a̱ma á̱ghyang á̱niet a̱mami. Ka̱ doot a̱shuk ka̱ yet a̱bun nang á̱ ni̱ kwok a̱gwomna̱ti ku mman-a̱byin ndyo a̱ni.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/conspiracy |title=Conspiracy |publisher=merriam-webster.com |access-date=Zwat Swak ma̱ng Sweang 27, 2017}}</ref> Swanga̱lyiat jini da̱ a̱ka̱nyiung, fa, kyang ku nwai yet a̱ni ku a̱ka̱tuk nang á̱ nyia̱, nang cam a̱byin ka nvwuong a̱ni.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/conspiracy | title=Conspiracy Definition & Meaning }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/conspiracy | title=Conspiracy }}</ref> ==A̱ya̱fang== {{reflist}} [[Sa:Atyapland WikiOutreach]] adoj2k25v1lhykdwlidntm2c4m3b84j 0 5748 49234 46086 2026-08-22T18:28:02Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49234 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ca̱caat|[[Zunzwom khwo/Ca̱crak|Ca̱crak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[Zunzwom khwo/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[Zunzwom khwo/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[Zunzwom khwo/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ta̱kad|[[Zunzwom khwo/Ta̱kad|Ta̱kad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tuku|[[Zunzwom khwo/Tuku|Tuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} {{short description|Sot zunzwom ji̱ byia̱ ywan ku shyia̱ a̱nyanyin a̱ni}}[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Vlotciter van bamboe TMnr 3911-61.jpg|300px|thumb|Tangka̱i zunzwom khwo ku neet mi̱ Naijeriya a̱ni]] [[File:Raft zither, Benin, 19th century.jpg|thumb|Zunzwom khwo, [[Bini (a̱byin)]], sa̱ncuri 19]] '''Zunzwom khwo''' yet sot zunzwom ja ji̱ byia̱ ywan a̱nyanyin, nang á̱ fwuop dundung di̱ ngaan hu a̱ni.<ref name=sachs>{{Cite book |last= Sachs |first= Curt |title= The History of Musical Instruments |url= https://archive.org/details/historyofmusical0000unse_k1p8 | date= 1940 |publisher= W.W. Norton |place= New York |page= [https://archive.org/details/historyofmusical0000unse_k1p8/page/463 463]}}</ref><ref name=midgley>{{Cite book |title= Musical Instruments of the World |url= https://archive.org/details/musicalinstrumen00diag |editor-last= Midgley |editor-first= Ruth |publisher= Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. | place= New York |date= 1997 |isbn= 0-8069-9847-4 |quote= ...raft zithers...consist of several idiochord tub zithers bound together in a raft...}}</ref> Tangka̱i zunzwom ku nyian ta̱m ma̱ng a̱ga̱faat a̱ni mat mba̱ng a̱ta̱du ywan wu (ku á̱ la̱p tazwa a̱ga̱faat wu wa ku á̱ fak neet ma̱ a̱ga̱faat wu wa a̱pyia̱ nggu), a̱wot á̱ bai á̱ ta̱ngam ma̱ng a̱ka̱byek. A̱kpa̱kpai a̱tai zunzwom wu wa si̱ yet kuntyin ywan hu, a̱wot á̱kpa ywan kani si̱ ghwut ma̱ng nwunwuat vwuon di̱ zunzwom jhyiung a̱ja.<ref name=sachs/><ref name=midgley/> Kuzang zunzwom a̱ga̱faat di̱ zunzwom khwo ji byia̱ a̱nwuat vwuon, a̱wot kyangtsot a̱bwom huni si̱ yet kyangtsot a̱bwom nwunwuat ma̱ a̱di̱di̱t hwa.<ref name=sachs/><ref name=midgley/> Zunzwom khwo ji si̱ mun byia̱ a̱meang ma̱ng a̱kpai zunzwom, zang nggu wa nyian ta̱m ma̱ng a̱kpai a̱ka̱tako a̱ yet kuntyin á̱kpa ywan nggu hu.<ref name=sachs/>Kidee jhyiung zunzwom khwo ja yet zunzwom khwo Totombito ji, neet ma̱ a̱byin [[Konggo]].<ref name=Konemann>{{cite book |editor1-last=Nikolova |editor1-first=Ivanka |editor2-last=Davey |editor2-first= Laura |editor3-last= Dean |editor3-first= Geoffrey |title= The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Musical Instruments | publisher= Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft mbH|place= Cologne |date= 2000 |page= 34 }}</ref> Kídee jhyang neet ma̱ Afi̱rika ja yet si̱ á̱ maai shyia̱ mi̱ [[Naijeriya]] ma̱ng Fam A̱tyin Afi̱rika.<ref name=midgley/> Ma̱ a̱byin Nepat, A̱di̱mat ba jhyi zunzwom a̱ga̱faat ma̱ng á̱kwop ''Thysanolaena'', a̱wot ba̱ bai ba̱ fwuop mba ma̱ng zunzwom khwo nang ba̱ ngyei ''tunjaai'' a̱ni.<ref name=MusINstrNepal>{{cite book |title=Musical Instruments of Nepal |last=Kadel |first=Ram Prasad |publisher=Nepali Folk Instrument Museum |place=Katmandu, Nepal| date=2007 |pages= 229, 269 |isbn= 978-9994688302}}</ref> Di̱ kyangtsot a̱bwom Nepat huni, á̱ga̱faat ba byia̱ ywan nfeang, a̱za ma̱ng a̱tak, a̱wot á̱ ni̱ ndya̱u kyangtsot a̱bwom hu a̱za̱ghwang kya, ma̱ng mbwak nfeang a̱tyutsot a̱bwom na tazwa zunzwom ji na̱ tsot zunzwom ji da̱ a̱ka̱nyiung ma̱ng kyang ghyang nang A̱shong ba ngyei ''plectrum'' a̱ni.<ref name=MusINstrNepal/> ==Ya̱fang== {{Reflist}} rlg2hklys3gbt9yww9huxb6leschlbx 0 6146 49257 41281 2026-08-22T18:38:49Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49257 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ca̱caat|[[Ahmose-Nefertari/Ca̱crak|Ca̱crak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[Ahmose-Nefertari/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[Ahmose-Nefertari/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[Ahmose-Nefertari/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ta̱kad|[[Ahmose-Nefertari/Ta̱kad|Ta̱kad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tuku|[[Ahmose-Nefertari/Tuku|Tuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} {{Infobox hieroglyphs |name = <hiero><-N12:F31-F35-M17-X1:D21:Z4-></hiero> |name transcription = Ahmose Nefertari <br/> ''Jꜥḥ ms Nfr trj'' <br/> ''Byin [[Iyah]], a̱sham a̱baat ka'' |}} {{Ancient Egyptian religion}} '''Ahmose-Nefertari''' (Ma̱sa̱t gbangbang: ''[[swánga̱lyiatwuki:jꜥḥ-ms|Jꜥḥ ms]] [[swánga̱lyiatwuki:nfrt-jrj|Nfr trj]]'') wa ku yet a̱son A̱gba̱ndang A̱byik Tyok Lang-á̱gwam 18 [[Ma̱sa̱t gbangbang]] wu. Á̱ ku yet nggwon-a̱nap Sekenenre Tawo ma̱ng Ahhotep wa, ma̱ng a̱na̱nyiuk-a̱nap tyok ma̱ng a̱byik Ahmose I. Nggwon-a̱sam nggu ka ''Amenhotep I'' si̱ yet ''fi̱ra̱una'' a̱wot ka̱ ku nyia̱ ta̱m a̱tyutyok-a̱kwonu nggu jen ji nang gu ni̱ ngyet a̱banggwon a̱ni. Á̱ bwuak Ahmose-Nefertari a̱ si̱ yet a̱gwaza nang gu sii du khwu a̱ni. ==Kyangbwak== {{further|A̱kwon kyangbwak Lang-á̱gwam Swak ma̱ng A̱ni̱nai Ma̱sa̱t ka}} Ahmose-Nefertari ku yet nggwon-a̱nap Sekenenre Tawo ma̱ng Ahhotep kya mbea̱ng a̱ka̱mbwon-a̱nap Senakhtenre Ahmose ma̱ng a̱yang-a̱byin Tetisheri.<ref name=dh>{{cite book |last1=Dodson |first1=Aidan |author-link1=Aidan Dodson |last2=Hilton |first2=Dyan |date=2004 |title= The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt |url=https://archive.org/details/completeroyalfam0000dods_a3h8 |location=London |publisher= Thames & Hudson |isbn= 0-500-05128-3}}</ref> Á̱ ku byin Ahmose-Nefertari ma̱ a̱keang Tip kya, ka̱ doot di̱n jen tyok Senakhtenre Ahmose.<ref name="Forbes">Forbes, Dennis C. Imperial Lives: Illustrated Biographies of Significant New Kingdom Egyptians. KMT Communications, Inc. 1998. {{ISBN|1-879388-08-1}}</ref><ref>Sébastien Biston-Moulin, "Le roi Sénakht-en-Rê Ahmès de la XVIIe dynastie", ENIM 5, ngw. 61–71, 22 mars/zwat tsat 2012 [a̱zalang: [http://www.enim-egyptologie.fr/index.php?page=enim-5&n=6]</ref> Ahmose-Nefertari ku la̱u byia̱ á̱na̱nyiuk ma̱ng á̱na̱nyiuk a̱mafa a̱ghyang bah, nang a̱tyok á̱zanson nggu wu Ahmose I ma̱ng Nggwon-a̱sam A̱gwam Ahmose Sapair, ma̱ng á̱kpa á̱na̱nyiuk-á̱nap nggu ka: Ahmose-Henutemipet, Ahmose-Tumerisy, Ahmose-Nebetta, Ahmose-Meritamon, Ahmose-Henuttamehu, Ahmose, ma̱ng Ahmose-Sitkamose.<ref name=dh/> Ka̱ tai Ahmose-Nefertari ku bye nyeang Fi̱ra̱una Kamose a̱wot, ka̱ a̱nia wa, á̱ ku nwai lyuut nkhang tazwa tangka̱i nyeang a̱hwa a̱ sak.<ref name="Forbes"/> A̱ ku bai yet A̱gba̱ndang A̱yanga̱li Tyok Ahmose I, ma̱ng a̱nyan wa a̱ ku si̱ byia̱ zam tsat ku si̱ ku lan a̱hwa. Á̱ ku ghwang nggu tazwa si̱tela jhyang neet mi̱ Ka̱ri̱nak ma̱ng nggwon-a̱sam a̱ghyang nang á̱ ku ngyei Ahmose-ankh a̱ni ma̱ng nggwon-a̱sam a̱ghyang ma̱ng a̱lyoot ka Si-amun nang á̱ bu niat ma̱ a̱swang tyok [[DB320]] ka. A̱wot nggwon-a̱sam nggu ka Amenhotep kikya na bai ci̱t a̱tyia̱ nka ka ka̱ nyeak di̱ cuk tyok ji. A̱ ku ka yet a̱yang mman-á̱nap a̱feang a̱nyanyan nia ku bai yet Á̱kyuo Tyok, Ahmose-Meritamun mbeang Ahmose-Sitamun. Ka̱ doot nggu wa si̱ ka yet a̱yang Mutnofret, a̱kyuo Thutmose I. A̱fai-a̱gwam a̱ghyang ma̱ng a̱lyoot Ramose mbeang a̱mami A̱yaatyoli Fam Jenshyung ba a̱wot á̱ lyen á̱ lyen ma̱ninika neet mi̱ ghwughwu-a̱fang sang swuan ku shyia̱ Liverpool a̱ni, bye yet nggwon-a̱sam Ahmose-Nefertari a̱ghyang.<ref name=dh/> ==Shyicet== [[File:Stele of Amenhotep I.jpg|thumb|left| A̱kpa̱kpai a̱fang a̱bi Amenhotep I ma̱ng Ahmose-Nefertari á̱ jhyi a̱zaghyi kwi a̱ tyai mba nang ba̱ nwuat za̱nang a̱zaghyi Osi̱ri̱t.]] Á̱ ku byin Ahmose-Nefertari di̱ kap ngaan jen tyok Lang-á̱gwam 17 ji ja, di̱n jen ji nang a̱tyia̱-a̱khwop nggu wu, Senakhtenre Ahmose ku nyian tyok a̱ni.<ref name="Forbes"/> A̱tyia̱ nggu wu Sekenenre Tawo ku zwang Hiksot ba a̱wot ka̱ tai á̱ ku saai mi̱ zwang jini ja. Kamose wa si̱ bai ci̱t nggu.<ref name=dh/> Ka̱ doot Ahmose-Nefertari ku bwuo Kamose a̱byii̱k, a̱wot á̱ ku lyuut nkhang nyeang nani á̱ sak a̱vwuo bah.<ref name="Forbes"/> Nang Kamose si̱ saan a̱ni, cut-tyok ji si̱ nwuo bwak Ahmose I. Fi̱ra̱una Ahmose ku yet fi̱ng nggwoseam hwa ba̱t a̱wot a̱yang-a̱gwam wu Ahhotep I si̱ yet a̱tyutyok-a̱kwonu nggu di̱ ntsa tyok nggu hu. Ka̱ tai, Ahhotep ku kwak a̱son mi̱ tutufak-a̱lyiat hu da̱ a̱kwonu nggwon-a̱nap nggu ka, Ahmose-Nefertari, a̱nyang wa ku yet a̱gba̱ndang a̱byii̱k tyok wu. Ahmose I si̱ yet a̱son a̱gwam Lang-á̱gwam 18 ka, ma̱ng fi̱ra̱una a̱ tyok tazwa a̱byin ka nang a̱ sii mun nka dundung a̱ni.<ref name="Forbes"/> A̱yang-a̱byin Ahmose-Nefertari ku byia̱ lyulyoot tyok ma̱ a̱di̱di̱t, nang a̱si̱ nggwon-a̱nap a̱gwam nang á̱ ni̱ ci̱t a̱ni (iryt-pꜥt), a̱gba̱ndang shok (wrt-imꜣt), a̱gba̱ndang a̱di̱dyep (wrt-ḥswt), a̱yang-byin a̱gwam (mwt-niswt), a̱kyuo a̱gba̱ndang a̱gwam (ḥmt-niswt-wrt), a̱kyuo a̱gwaza (hmt-ntr), a̱muna̱pyia̱ ma̱ng a̱sai bungtyok (ẖnmt-nfr-ḥḏjt), nggwon-a̱nap a̱gwam (sꜣt-niswt), ma̱ng a̱na̱nyiuk-a̱nap a̱gwam (snt-niswt).<ref>Grajetzki, Ancient Egyptian Queens: A Hieroglyphic Dictionary, Golden House Publications, London, 2005, {{ISBN|978-0-9547218-9-3}}</ref> Á̱ ku nwuak a̱yang-a̱byin wu shi yet "A̱gwaza-a̱nap Shyip Á̱niet Ba̱ Ka̱n Kwi a̱ni" a̱wot ka̱ tai a̱ ku si̱ yet a̱byii̱k a̱wa di̱ nkhang Ma̱sa̱t nang á̱ ku nwuak shi a̱ swak.<ref name=gestoso>Graciela Gestoso Singer, "[https://www.academia.edu/414029/Ahmose_Nefertari_the_Woman_in_Black Ahmose-Nefertari, The Woman in Black]". ''Terrae Antiqvae'', Zway Jhyiung 17, 2011</ref> Á̱ ku nyia̱ a̱ka̱satyok Nubya Gbangbang ku cat á̱gwam á̱nap a̱ swak, tangka̱i za̱kwa nang á̱ ku wa̱i ku ku yet a̱nyiung ma̱ng a̱lyiat Lang-á̱gwam 17 hu a̱ni.&nbsp; Dundung ma̱ng a̱yaayang-a̱byin á̱ghyang da̱ a̱kpang a̱kya, á̱ ku nyia̱ a̱di̱dam nyia̱ za̱kwa a̱byii̱k nang Ahmose-Nefertari ku tyai di̱n jen tyok nggu ji ma̱ng lang-tyok ku neet mi̱ Nubya wa.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Redford |first=Donald B. |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1102218633 |title=History and chronology of the eighteenth dynasty of Egypt : seven studies |isbn=978-1-4875-7491-8 |oclc=1102218633}}</ref>{{rp|66–69}}<ref name="Edward. 1973" />{{rp|135}} ==A̱ya̱fang== {{reflist}} c5p3bgnlyny54b2ar7vv5mbqlewbty3 0 6364 49253 47431 2026-08-22T18:35:23Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49253 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|nwap mi̱ Naijeriya}} {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ca̱caat|[[A̱bwuanng A̱khwo a̱ si̱ Ati̱lantik/Ca̱crak|Ca̱crak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[A̱bwuanng A̱khwo a̱ si̱ Ati̱lantik/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[A̱bwuanng A̱khwo a̱ si̱ Ati̱lantik/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[A̱bwuanng A̱khwo a̱ si̱ Ati̱lantik/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ta̱kad|[[A̱bwuanng A̱khwo a̱ si̱ Ati̱lantik/Ta̱kad|Ta̱kad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tuku|[[A̱bwuanng A̱khwo a̱ si̱ Ati̱lantik/Tuku|Tuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} '''A̱bwuanng A̱khwo a̱ si̱ Ati̱lantik''' ku [[Zà kashwuo]] Á̱khwo si̱ transatlantic wa mun ma̱ng á̱niet lap-dyiang si̱ kpanti̱n á̱khwo a̱ si á̱niet [[Afi̱rika]] a̱ si̱ ba̱ nyia̱ [[Khwo]] si̱ nat [[A̱merika]] . [[A̱ka̱man-tswam|Á̱ka̱man-tswam]] khwo á̱shong yong ma̱ di̱ yong ba̱ nyia̱ tam ma̱ng vak [[kpantyin]] a̱tyu byia̱ [[A̱bwuanng]] a̱tat ma̱ng si̱ mani a̱kawatyia̱ a̱kawatyia̱ . [[Á̱shong]] ba ku kpaat kashwuo [[A̱khwo|Á̱khwo]] ji a̱beam [[A̱sa̱khwot]] a̱shwap ce 15, a̱wat kashwuo á̱khwo ji nat [[A̱merika]] a̱ ni tsa wa ma̱n ce 16 hwa, su ku swak ce si̱ 19 a̱ni.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Diffie|first=Bailey|title=Prelude to Empire: Portugal Overseas Before Henry the Navigator|url=https://archive.org/details/preludetoempirep0000diff|publisher=[[University of Nebraska Press]]|year=1963|pages=[https://archive.org/details/preludetoempirep0000diff/page/58 58]}}</ref> Á̱ghyang á̱niet nang á̱ nyia̱ ba lap-dyiang wa mani [[A̱bwuanng]] á̱khwo a̱ si̱ transatlantic ba ghwut neet wa ma̱ng [[Afi̱rika A̱tak]] ma̱ng [[Afi̱rika Jenshyung]] a̱wot a̱niet [[lyia̱i]] á̱khwo [[Afi̱rika]] jenshyung ba lyiap bá wa davwuo a̱niet ba lyia̱i á̱khwo a̱ si̱ a̱byin á̱shong, si̱sak ji nang á̱khwo a̱niet [[Abwuang]] a̱bya bu ntaba̱t katsak ma̱ng jhya a̱sa̱khwot.  Á̱gwak ncet a̱shong ba si̱ tung ba̱ sii̱ lap á̱khwo a̱byia̱ ma̱ á̱ka̱keang a̱za̱nswon [[A̱sa̱khwot|A̱sa̱khwot A̱fi̱rika]] a̱wot bá̱ sii̱ bai ma̱ng an mba [[A̱merika]].<ref name="apology">{{Cite news |last=Gates |first=Henry Louis Jr. |author-link=Henry Louis Gates Jr. |date=22 April 2010 |title=Opinion – How to End the Slavery Blame-Game |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/23/opinion/23gates.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100426120726/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/23/opinion/23gates.html |archive-date=26 April 2010}}</ref>{{sfn|Thornton|1998|p=112}} a̱ si̱ min mun a̱niet cyiet kashwuo a̱khwo a̱ si̱ á̱niet [[Afi̱rika]] a̱ si̱ ba ba̱ nyia̱ khwo si̱ nat [[A̱merika]]. Ngi̱ri̱gi̱ a̱tam a̱shong yong ma̱ di̱ yong ba̱ nyia̱n tam ma̱ng vak [[A̱bwuanng]] a̱tat ma̱ng si̱ mani a̱kawatyia̱ a̱kawatyia̱ . Á̱shong kpaat kashwuo a̱khwo a̱beam a̱sa̱khwot ma̱ng ce si̱ 15, a̱wat kashwuo a̱khwo si̱ nat nfam-bi̱byin [[A̱merika]]<nowiki/>wu tsa wa ma̱ ce 16 hu, si̱ ku swak ce 19 hu a̱ni.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The transatlantic slave trade |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zy7fr82/revision/3 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716004107/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zy7fr82/revision/3 |archive-date=16 July 2020 |access-date=6 May 2021 |publisher=[[BBC]] |quote=* Some of those enslaved were captured directly by the European slave traders.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Implications of the slave trade for African societies |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zxt3gk7/revision/7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717094706/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zxt3gk7/revision/7 |archive-date=17 July 2020 |access-date=12 June 2020 |publisher=[[BBC]] |location=London}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=West Africa – National Museums Liverpool |url=https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/history-of-slavery/west-africa#section--the-capture-and-sale-of-enslaved-africans |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126155135/https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/history-of-slavery/west-africa |archive-date=26 November 2020 |access-date=14 October 2015 |publisher=[[International Slavery Museum]] |location=[[Liverpool]]}}</ref> Enslavers ambushed and captured local people in Africa. Most slave ships used European "factors", men who lived full-time in Africa and bought enslaved people from local leaders.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Exchanging People for Trade Goods |url=https://www.nps.gov/ethnography/aah/aaheritage/histContextsB.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215214335/https://www.nps.gov/ethnography/aah/aaheritage/histContextsB.htm |archive-date=15 December 2022 |access-date=12 January 2024 |website=African American Heritage and Ethnography |publisher=[[National Park Service]]}}</ref>  Á̱ghyang a̱niet nang á̱ lap mba dyiang ja ma̱mi [[Abwuang]] a̱khwo a̱ si̱ transatlantic ba̱ ghwut wa ma̱ [[Afi̱rika A̱tak]] ma̱ng [[Afi̱rika Jenshyung]] a̱wot a̱niet lyia̱i á̱khwo a̱ si̱ [[Afi̱rika Jenshyung]] ba̱ lyiap ba mbwak a̱niet lyia̱i a̱khwo a̱shong,  á̱ nyia̱ ma̱ng baniet kashwuo a̱khwo ba̱ si̱ yabaat tsa yong jhwang a̱beam a̱sa̱shwot.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Implications of the slave trade for African societies |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zxt3gk7/revision/7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717094706/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zxt3gk7/revision/7 |archive-date=17 July 2020 |access-date=12 June 2020 |publisher=[[BBC]] |location=London}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=West Africa – National Museums Liverpool |url=https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/history-of-slavery/west-africa#section--the-capture-and-sale-of-enslaved-africans |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126155135/https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/history-of-slavery/west-africa |archive-date=26 November 2020 |access-date=14 October 2015 |publisher=[[International Slavery Museum]] |location=[[Liverpool]]}}</ref> A̱niet nyin a̱khwo a̱ si̱ a̱shong su tung ba̱ si̱ vwoi a̱khwo ma̱ a̱ka̱keang a̱za̱nson a̱sa̱khwot [[Afi̱rika]] a̱wot ba̱ sii̱ bai ma̱ng an mba [[A̱merika]].<ref name="Malaria and French Imperialism">{{cite journal |last1=Cohen |first1=William |title=Malaria and French Imperialism |journal=[[The Journal of African History]] |date=1983 |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=23–36 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700021502 |jstor=181856 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/181856 |access-date=29 April 2024 |archive-date=29 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429141741/https://www.jstor.org/stable/181856 |url-status=live|url-access=subscription }}</ref> [[File:Slave Auction Ad.jpg|thumb|A̱bwuanng A̱khwo A̱ti̱lantik]] == A̱ni̱nan == === A̱cyiet A̱ti̱lantik === A̱bwuang A̱khwo A̱ti̱lantik fuung wa li̱lyim a̱myim a̱bwuang nang á̱ kpaat tsi̱tsak The Atlantic slave trade developed after trade contacts were established between the "A̱khwukhwuop Swanta" (Afro-Eurasia) ma̱ng "Swanta Fai" ([[A̱merika]] ba) . == Ya̱fang == {{Reflist}} jumkhrubzq6uz4l7lc8d7qlumqfqpk4 0 6365 49241 47640 2026-08-22T18:30:53Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49241 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ca̱caat|[[Khwo mami Afi̱rika/Ca̱crak|Ca̱crak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[Khwo mami Afi̱rika/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[Khwo mami Afi̱rika/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Khwo mami Afi̱rika]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ta̱kad|[[Khwo mami Afi̱rika/Ta̱kad|Ta̱kad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tuku|[[Khwo mami Afi̱rika/Tuku|Tuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} [[File:Burning of a Village in Africa, and Capture of its Inhabitants (p.12, February 1859, XVI) - Copy.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Burning of a village in Africa and capture of its inhabitants (February 1859)<ref name=Offering1859>{{cite journal|title=Burning of a Village in Africa, and Capture of its Inhabitants|journal=Wesleyan Juvenile Offering|date=February 1859|volume=XVI|page=12|url=https://archive.org/details/wesleyanjuvenil07socigoog|access-date=10 November 2015}}</ref>]] Khuo ka̱n gyet a̱gba̱dang kyang a̱lyiat wa mami Afirika. Nta̱m shuo A̱niet mbeang nvak kwok A̱niet di̱ cong dyo khwo nya nang á̱ku nyaan di̱ mkpang njyiang ma̱mi khuong a̱byin A̱fi̱rika na, mat nang Ba̱ ku nshyia̱ mami a̱kum a̱khukhuop bibyin swanta na a̱ni.[2] Di̱n jen nang cyet cong kwai Á̱khuo mi̱ khuong Afi̱rika, khuo A̱niet cong dyo ma̱ a̱shong A̱ghyui, A̱khuo Ncen Indiya a̱wot mbeang khuo A̱ti̱lanta (nang a̱ tsa neet di̱ 16th centuri̱ a̱ni), a̱lyiak a̱niet ba tyan swat a̱khwo mali Afi̱rika bya tsa gan cong ma̱ gyaat ma̱ng ka̱swuo akhwo tausa A̱fi̱rika. <ref name="Lovejoy-2012" /><ref <ref name="Sparks process">{{cite book |last1=Sparks |first1=Randy J. |title=Where the Negroes are Masters : An African Port in the Era of the Slave Trade |url=https://archive.org/details/wherenegroesarem0000spar |chapter=4. The Process of Enslavement at Annamaboe |date=2014 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=9780674724877 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/wherenegroesarem0000spar/page/122 122]–161}}</ref> khwo mi̱ swat a̱fwun A̱fi̇̄rika ni̱n naat a̱ mbwuot mi̱ si̱sa jhyang konan ku ngyet bwuo a̱bun a̱ni̱. ==Ya̱fang== {{Reflist}} 9849ky6halzccu0s1as2o5i2evusqda 0 6366 49232 49161 2026-08-22T18:27:12Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49232 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ca̱caat|[[Fwa Afi̱rika/Ca̱crak|Ca̱crak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[Fwa Afi̱rika/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[Fwa Afi̱rika/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[Fwa Afi̱rika/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ta̱kad|[[Fwa Afi̱rika/Ta̱kad|Ta̱kad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tuku|[[Fwa Afi̱rika/Tuku|Tuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} {{About||information on the colonisation of Africa prior to the 1880s|Colonisation of Africa|the book by [[Thomas Pakenham (historian)|Thomas Pakenham]] (Kwambwat)}} {{Multiple image |total_width=350px |image1=African-civilizations-map-pre-colonial.svg |caption1= A̱cecet [[Lilyoot Ntyok mi̱ A̱fi̱rika ba tyiak nghyang na|A̱wot á̱ sii shyia̱ tyok-ci̱t mi̱ a̱si̱tet A̱fi̱rika]] (á̱ ntyia̱ a̱si̱tet a̱tyin A̱fi̱rika ba ba ma̱nang [[Ajuran Sultanate|A̱juran]], [[Adal Sultanate|A̱dal]], [[Kingdom of Buganda|Buganda]], [[Kingdom of Rwanda|Rwanda]], [[Kilwa Sultanate|Kilwa]], ma̱ng [[Merina Kingdom|Imerina]], ma̱ng a̱tak A̱fi̱rika da a̱kanyiung: [[Kingdom of Mapungubwe|Mapungubwe]], [[Rozvi Empire|Rozvi]], [[Maravi]], [[Uukwanyama]], and [[Mthwakazi]]) |image2=Africa map 1914.svg |caption2=Areas of Africa controlled by [[history of colonialism|Western European colonial powers]] in 1913: [[Belgian colonial empire|Belgian]] (orange), [[British Empire#Cape to Cairo|British]] (pink), [[French colonial empire|French]] (purple), [[German colonial empire|German]] (blue), [[Italian Empire|Italian]] (lime green), [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]] (dark green), and [[Spanish Empire|Spanish]] (yellow) empires }} [[File:Colonial Africa 1913 map.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|Areas of Africa controlled by [[Western European]] colonial empires in 1913, with current national boundaries superimposed {{Legend|#f7fab2|[[Belgian colonial empire|Beli̱gum]]}} {{Legend|#b6e3fc|[[French colonial empire|Farensa]]}} {{Legend|#bbfdd9|[[German colonial empire|Jamini]]}} {{Legend|#d2f89b|[[Italian Empire|Ntali]]}} {{Legend|#c0a6f2|[[Portuguese Empire|Potugat]]}} {{Legend|#eaaff7|[[Spanish Empire|pani̱t]]}} {{Legend|#fbc5c0|[[British Empire|A̱merika]]}} {{Legend|#f6f6f6|Swat a̱pyia̱}}]] Fwa [[Afi̱rika]] kuyet a̱ci̱t kya, ya-a̱nywuan, ma̱ng tyok ci̱t si̱ a̱lyiak [[Afi̱rika]] tat a̱niet a̱byin jenshyung [[Yurop]] tyok byia̱ cet shyia̱ mbwak bwan bubwan á̱ka̱vwuo a̱bwuanng a̱ka̱feang di̱n jen nang ndyia̱19th ma̱ng a̱faan ndyia̱ 20th mi̱ ce si̱ "Imperialism a̱fai": Belgium, [[Fi̱ransa (a̱byin)]], [[Jami̱ni]], [[Amerika A̱ka̱wa̱tyia̱]], [[Italya]], [[Potugat]] ma̱ng [[Si̱pen]]. during the [[Cold War]], and decided to keep their colonial borders in the [[Organisation of African Unity]] conference of 1964 due to fears of civil wars and regional instability, placing emphasis on [[pan-Africanism]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Touval |first=Saadia |title=The Organization of African Unity and African Borders |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-organization_winter-1967_21_1/page/102 |journal=International Organization |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=102–127 |date=1967 |doi=10.1017/S0020818300013151 |jstor=2705705}}</ref> Mi̱ ndyia̱ 1870, 10% of the continent was formally under European control. By 1914, this figure had risen to almost 90%; the only states retaining sovereignty were [[Liberia]], [[Ethiopian Empire|Ethiopia]], [[Egba United Government|Egba]],{{Efn|The [[Egba United Government]], a government of the [[Egba people]], was legally recognised by the British as independent until being annexed into the [[Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria]] in 1914.<ref name=daly>{{Cite journal |last1=Daly |first1=Samuel Fury Childs |title=From Crime to Coercion: Policing Dissent in Abeokuta, Nigeria, 1900–1940 |journal=The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History |date=4 May 2019 |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=474–489 |doi=10.1080/03086534.2019.1576833 |s2cid=159124664 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03086534.2019.1576833 |issn=0308-6534|url-access=subscription }}</ref>}} [[Sultanate of Aussa|Aussa]], [[Senusiyya]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Hadaway |first=Stuart |title=Pyramids and Fleshpots: The Egyptian, Senussi and Eastern Mediterranean Campaigns (1914–1916) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yFGpBAAAQBAJ&dq=senussi+campaign&pg=PA15 |year=2014|publisher=The History Press |isbn=978-0-7509-5808-0 }}</ref> [[Mbunda Kingdom|Mbunda]],<ref name=cheke>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gUgwAQAAIAAJ|title=The history and cultural life of the Mbunda speaking peoples|last=Association|first=Cheke Cultural Writers|date=1994|publisher=The Association|isbn=9789982030069|language=en|chapter=Chapter 14: The Kolongongo War Against the Portuguese}}</ref> the [[Dervish State]], the [[Darfur Sultanate]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bassil |first=Noah R. |date=2006-12-01 |title=The Rise and Demise of the Keira Sultanate of Dar Fur |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13629380601036098 |journal=The Journal of North African Studies |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=347–364 |doi=10.1080/13629380601036098 |issn=1362-9387|url-access=subscription }}</ref> and the [[Ovambo people#History|Ovambo kingdoms]],<ref name=frieda>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Frieda-Nela |url=https://www.namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/e98ba4fc1c8f59083fee9dc64a32083e.pdf |title=Precolonial Communities of Southwestern Africa: A history of Owambo Kingdoms 1600–1920 |publisher=National Archives of Namibia |year=1991 |access-date=2024-03-07 |archive-date=2024-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240307225349/https://www.namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/e98ba4fc1c8f59083fee9dc64a32083e.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Fokkens |first=Andries |title=The ovamboland expedition of 1917: the deposing of King Mandume |journal=Small Wars & Insurgencies |volume=34 |issue=2 |year=2023 |pages=382–421 |doi=10.1080/09592318.2022.2153468 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09592318.2022.2153468|url-access=subscription }}</ref> most of which were later conquered. == A̱ni̱nan == Ma̱ 1841, A̱tyok-abwuang ma̱ng [[Yurop]] si̱ kpaat a̱ba̱di̱dai gaat ka̱shwuo kpankpaan ma̱ nnan a̱sa̱khwot [[Afi̱rika]], a̱wot ba̱ ma̱ng a̱ti̱ri̱m nya bah ,a̱ si̱ bwok nyuo ma̱mi a̱byin, ba̱ si̱ lap vam ba̱ yong kpankpaan ma̱ng [[A̱ghyui]] ka. == Ya̱fang == {{Reflist}} ===Ntam á̱ ku shyei a̱ni=== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{Cite journal |last=Brantlinger |first=Patrick |title=Victorians and Africans: The Genealogy of the Myth of the Dark Continent |journal=Critical Inquiry |volume=12 |issue=1 |date=1985 |pages=166–203 |jstor=1343467 |s2cid=161311164 |doi=10.1086/448326 |url=http://www.uwf.edu/dearle/imperialadventure/imperial%20adventure/documents/brantlinger%20victorians%20and%20africans.pdf }} * {{cite book |last=Hochschild |first=Adam |author-link=Adam Hochschild |title=[[King Leopold's Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror, and Heroism in Colonial Africa]] |publisher=Pan Books |location=London |year=2006 |orig-year=1998 |isbn=978-0-330-44198-8}} * {{Cite book |last=Pakenham |first=Thomas |author-link=Thomas Pakenham (historian) |title= The Scramble for Africa: The White Man's Conquest of the Dark Continent from 1876 to 1912 |title-link=The Scramble for Africa (book) |location=London |publisher=Abacus |date=1991 |ol=9863165M |isbn=978-0-349-10449-2}} * {{Cite book |last1=Robinson |first1=Ronald |first2=John |last2=Gallagher |last3=Denny |first3=Alice |title=Africa and the Victorians: The official mind of imperialism |url=https://archive.org/details/africavictorians00robi_0 |publisher=Macmillan |date=1961 |ol=17989466M |edition=2 |isbn=9780333310069}} * {{cite book |last=Shillington |first=Kevin |title=History of Africa |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofafrica0002shil |date=2005 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-333-59957-0}} * {{Cite book |last1=Southall |first1=Roger |last2=Melber |first2=Henning |author-link=Henning Melber |title=A New Scramble For Africa?: Imperialism, Investment and Development |publisher=University of KwaZulu-Natal Press |date=2009}} {{Refend}} m2vchbgnvpfa9ds2c5znesncyxzze22 0 6367 49270 47060 2026-08-22T18:45:12Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49270 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ca̱caat|[[A̱tung Balyin/Ca̱crak|Ca̱crak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[A̱tung Balyin/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[A̱tung Balyin/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[A̱tung Balyin/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ta̱kad|[[A̱tung Balyin/Ta̱kad|Ta̱kad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tuku|[[A̱tung Balyin/Tuku|Tuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} A̱tung Balyin 1884–1885 kuyet a̱tung tyok ci̱t ka gyaan ma̱ng nwak shyim tyok a̱ngba̱m a̱niet Balyin, a̱kabeet kya ka kai tyok ci̱t ma̱ng [[A̱bwuanng]] mi̱ [[Afi̱rika]] ma̱ jen ce fai tyok cit. A̱tung Bibyin <ref name="Belgian Congo and the Berlin act">[https://archive.org/details/belgiancongoberl00keituoft/page/56/mode/2up?q=stanley ''The Belgian Congo and the Berlin act''], by Keith, Arthur Berriedale, 1919, p. 52.</ref>swanta swak ma̱ng a̱naai nang á̱ ku kpaat mbwak A̱tyoli Otto von Bismarck, a̱kwak a̱son ntsa a̱ nswak ani mi̱ [[Jami̱ni]], di̱ cet Leopold II a̱ si̱ Belgium.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yWEuj0PA_JY De Belgische Koloniën - Documentaire over het Belgisch Koloniaal Rijk (English: The Belgian Colonies - Documentary on the Belgian Colonial Empire) timestamp 10:40 to 10:52)]</ref> A̱ myim a̱tuk mam 15 zwat swak ma̱ng jhyung 1884 a̱wot, nang á̱ tyak jhya swat, á̱ si̱ gyaat a̱tuk mam 26 zwat sweang 1885 ma̱ng tyia̱ bwak nwak shyim tyok.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-20 |title=Berlin Conference {{!}} 1884, Result, Summary, & Impact on Africa {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Berlin-West-Africa-Conference |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="In Defense of German Colonialism">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thepostil.com/in-defense-of-german-colonialism/ |title=Bruce Gilley: In Defense of German Colonialism, September 1, 2022 |access-date=2025-07-23 |archive-date=2023-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605205209/https://www.thepostil.com/in-defense-of-german-colonialism/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Citation |last=Heath |first=Elizabeth |title=Berlin Conference of 1884–1885 |date=2010 |work=Encyclopedia of Africa |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195337709.001.0001/acref-9780195337709-e-0467 |access-date=2025-06-17 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195337709.001.0001/acref-9780195337709-e-0467 |isbn=978-0-19-533770-9}}</ref>. <ref name="Katzenellenbogen">{{Cite book|last=Katzenellenbogen|first=S.|date=1996|chapter=It didn't happen at Berlin: Politics, economics and ignorance in the setting of Africa's colonial boundaries.|editor1=Nugent, P. |editor2=Asiwaju, A. I. |title=African Boundaries: Barriers, Conduits and Opportunities |url=https://archive.org/details/africanboundarie0000unse|pages=[https://archive.org/details/africanboundarie0000unse/page/21 21]–34 |location=London |publisher=Pinter}}</ref><ref name="Craven">{{Cite journal|last=Craven|first=M.|year=2015|title=Between law and history: the Berlin Conference of 1884–1885 and the logic of free trade|journal=[[London Review of International Law]]|volume=3|pages=31–59|doi=10.1093/lril/lrv002|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Crowe" /> == Ani̱nan == Manang á̱ tsa a̱tung ka bah, A̱niet lyen kyang ma̱ a̱byin [[Yurop]] si̱ jhyung a̱yaakwak a̱son [[Afi̱rika]] ma̱ng a̱yaakwak a̱son a̱ si̱ [[Fi̱ransa (a̱byin)]] nang ba̱ wa kan ci̱t sa si̱ [[Legwot]] jhyang mi̱ di̱n vak nyiung nang ba̱ ku nyia̱ ma̱ng mi̱ swanta jenshyung wu a̱ni, ma̱ kwuk mun a̱pyia̱ ka̱ka̱ng a̱niet a̱mali.<ref>Chamberlain, Muriel E., ''The Scramble for Africa'' (1999).</ref> ==A̱ya̱fang == {{Reflist}} s0srpnmqososoombdziu28dt5mtrzn9 0 6368 49250 37368 2026-08-22T18:34:25Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49250 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ta̱m Nvwoung khwo 1833''' (3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 73) kuyet ta̱m pati̱ majeli̱sa si̱ a̱byin [[Nggi̱lan]], si̱ hu ku chywok ma̱ng khwo mi̱ [[Bibyin Nta Bi̱ri̱ti̱n]] di̱n vak nyia̱ khwo cet tyok.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Slavery-Abolition-Act | title=Slavery Abolition Act &#124; History & Impact &#124; Britannica }}</ref> Ta̱m hu kuyet doka ja mbwak Whig Pi̱ri̱yam Mi̱ni̱ta Charles Grey, Earl Grey's 2nd [[A̱gwomnati]], a̱wot a̱ kuyet ma̱ng a̱ka̱hyia̱ da̱ tei a̱gwomnati [[Bi̱ri̱ti̱n]] ba ba̱ ghwut ca̱t ca̱t swat nyinyang á̱khwo ba mi̱ kurum Bi̱rri̱ti̱n hu, ma̱ da̱ shi̱ khwo a̱za̱son nkhwo mi̱ kurum a̱bi̱ri̱ti̱n ba.<ref>https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Will4/3-4/73/contents</ref> <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Slavery-Abolition-Act | title=Slavery Abolition Act &#124; History & Impact &#124; Britannica }}</ref> == A̱NI̱NAN == [[File:Charles Grey - 2nd Earl Grey - atop the Grey Momument - Newcastle upon Tyne - England - 140804.jpg|alt=Photograph of the statue.|thumb|left|203x203px|[[Grey's Monument]] mi̱ [[Newcastle upon Tyne]], mi̱ kwai a̱nak [[A̱gba̱ndang Mini̱ta]] [[Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey]], nyan wa ku nfi̱n khwo mi̱ tyok Biri̱tit ba]] Á̱ ku chwuok ma̱ng Khwo mi̱ [[Nggi̱lan]] a̱ca̱caat 1772. Mi̱ zwat tswon 1772, A̱gwaza si̱ tam ma̱ng shi̱ri̱ya mi̱ yong-seam sang a̱bun á̱niet khwi ma̱ng khwo a̱tyu nang á̱ ku kyiak bai dyo [[Nggi̱lan]] neet Boston mi̱ yet a̱cet si̱ Massachusetts Bay, a̱wot ma̱ng a̱ si̱ ba ba̱ beang ma̱ng a̱cyiet si̱ nat abolish a̱ni si̱ khwo hat batyak jhya A̱bi̱ri̱ti̱n ba.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Blumrosen|first1=Alfred W|last2=Blumrosen|first2=Ruth G.|title=Slave Nation: How Slavery United the Colonies and Sparked the American Revolution|url=https://archive.org/details/slavenationhowsl0000blum_x4o6|publisher=Sourcebooks|year=2005|isbn=0760778779}}{{page?|date=July 2023}}</ref> <ref>Peter P. Inks, John R. Michigan, R. Owen Williams (2007) ''Encyclopedia of antislavery and abolition'', p. 643. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007</ref> == YA̱FANG == {{Reflist}} ==Kyang Tausa== *[https://www.pdavis.nl/Legis_07.htm Text of the Slavery Abolition Act 1833] *[https://www.ucl.ac.uk/lbs/ Legacies of British slave-ownership] is a database of the Parliamentary return of people who made claims for compensation under this act [[Sa:Slavery Abolition Act 1833| ]] [[Sa:United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1833]] [[Category:Repealed United Kingdom Acts of Parliament]] [[Sa:Abolitionism in the United Kingdom]] [[Sa:Slavery legislation]] [[Sa:Slave trade legislation]] [[Sa:August 1833]] [[Sa:Black British history]] [[Sa:Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey]] 2bxf8yydl0gij3m9nkiobob2trt4ms6 0 6370 49247 43570 2026-08-22T18:33:19Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49247 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[Tak Kpa̱sai Shyia̱ Sa̱t/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[Tak kpa̱sai shyia̱ sa̱t/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[Tak kpa̱sai shyia̱ sa̱t /Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Takad|[[Tak kpa̱sai shyia̱ sa̱t/Takad|Takad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyecaat|[[Tak kpa̱sai shyia̱ sa̱t /Tyeca̱rak|Tyeca̱rak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyuku|[[Tak kpa̱sai shyia̱ sa̱t /Tyuku|Tyuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} '''Tak kpa̱sai shyia̱ sa̱t hu''',, ta̱k kpa̱sai sheri̱ya 95, hu kuyet ta̱k kpa̱sai gwomna̱ti wa a̱wot a̱kwak-a̱son a̱byin [[A̱merika]] [[Abraham Lincoln]] wa si̱ byia̱ cet hyia̱ a̱ si̱ nyia̱ kyang a̱tuk 1st zwat jhyung, 1863, ma̱ jen zwang cam a̱byin [[A̱merika]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Proclamation 95—Regarding the Status of Slaves in States Engaged in Rebellion Against the United States [Emancipation Proclamation] {{pipe}} The American Presidency Project |url=https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-95-regarding-the-status-slaves-states-engaged-rebellion-against-the-united |website=presidency.ucsb.edu |access-date=April 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218125054/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-95-regarding-the-status-slaves-states-engaged-rebellion-against-the-united |archive-date=December 18, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Harward |first1=Brian |title=The Presidency in Times of Crisis and Disaster: Primary Documents in Context |date=2020 |publisher=[[ABC-Clio]] |location=Santa Barbara, California |isbn=978-1-44-087088-0 |page=228 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EaW-DwAAQBAJ&dq=Proclamation+95%E2%80%94Regarding+the+Status+of+Slaves+in+States+Engaged+in+Rebellion+Against+the+United+States&pg=PA228 |access-date=April 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423211358/https://books.google.com/books?id=EaW-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA228&lpg=PA228&dq=Proclamation+95%E2%80%94Regarding+the+Status+of+Slaves+in+States+Engaged+in+Rebellion+Against+the+United+States&source=bl&ots=J-N4PHTztQ&sig=ACfU3U0vp68TFMC6MVB_mh6pp3mmTaffGQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjxzryaiqv3AhWylIkEHXpHC7cQ6AF6BAgCEAM#v=onepage&q=Proclamation%2095%E2%80%94Regarding%20the%20Status%20of%20Slaves%20in%20States%20Engaged%20in%20Rebellion%20Against%20the%20United%20States&f=false |archive-date=April 23, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ta̱k kpa̱sai hu ni ku byia̱ jat á̱ ka shyai tyok yong doka ji shyim swak mi̱lion 3.5 akhwo [[Afi̱rika]] [[A̱merika]] mi̱ ba̱ntyok á̱ si̱ ba ba̱ byia̱ cet seang ma̱mi a̱khwo si̱ nat sa̱t.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 January 2022 |title=The Emancipation Proclamation |url=https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured-documents/emancipation-proclamation |website=[[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]] |access-date= 19 February 2017}}</ref> Nka ma̱ a̱ba̱njen ma̱ daidai a̱khwo si̱ shot a̱cyet cong ma̱ng a̱yaakhwo, ku di̱ fi̱ri̱p nat lang muna̱pyia̱ ku di̱ vak nwuat tswang a̱khwot a̱khwop mundundung, ba ku shyia̱ sa̱t gba̱mgba̱m.<ref>{{cite book |first= Brian R. |last=Dirck |title= The Executive Branch of Federal Government: People, Process, and Politics |quote=The Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order, itself a rather unusual thing in those days. Executive orders are simply presidential directives issued to agents of the executive department by its boss. |url= https://archive.org/details/executivebrancho0000dirc |url-access= registration |year=2007 |publisher= ABC-CLIO |page=[https://archive.org/details/executivebrancho0000dirc/page/102 102] |isbn= 978-1851097913 }}</ref><ref name="Transcript" /> Shei si̱ shyia̱ a̱ka̱wat cong ma̱ng fa kyang mi̱ [[a̱gaan khwo mi̱ a̱byin A̱merika wu]]. Ma̱ a̱tuk mam 22 Zwat A̱natat, ndyia̱ 1862, Linkon si̱ ghwut shei ntsa hu.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 June 2020 |title= Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation |url=https://www.nps.gov/anti/learn/historyculture/prelimemanproc.htm |website=[[Antietam National Battlefield]] |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |access-date=8 July 2025}}</ref>. <ref name="McCurry"/><ref name="Ruef"/><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Davis |first=Kenneth C. |title=Don't Know Much About History: Everything You Need to Know About American History but Never Learned |url=https://archive.org/details/dontknowmuchabou00davi_0 |publisher=HarperCollins |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-06-008381-6 |edition=1st |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/dontknowmuchabou00davi_0/page/228 227]–228 |author-link=Kenneth C. Davis}}</ref> == A̱ni̱nan == ===A̱guguut A̱khwot a̱khwop a̱zason shyia̱ sa̱t=== A̱guguut ncung a̱khwo ma̱ a̱lyia̱ 1850 ku ta̱m a̱gyang a̱nyanyin ba bwuot ma̱ng a̱khwo ba tyong a̱ni bai dyo da̱vwuo a̱niet byia̱ mba ba. Ms̱ jen zwang ji, mi̱ zwat tsuon a̱lyia̱ 1861, Muna̱pyia̱ general Benjamin Butler si̱ hyia̱ nyia̱ á̱khwo ba swuot ba si̱ swak lang muna̱pyia̱ hu a̱ni á̱ wa kan kpaat a̱mgba̱m cuk fi̱n mba nat zwang, a̱wot ma̱ di̱ yong a̱hwa á̱ si̱ lak bwuok ma̱ng a̱ngba wu, a̱ si̱ hyia̱ nyia̱ a̱tyok a̱ na ca̱t bwuok mba a̱ni, "N shyia̱ a̱ta̱fa si̱sak tyok nhyia̱ a̱cecet nkyang a̱ga̱de da̱nwuo bibyin nta a̱ni, which Virginia now claims to be".[43] Mi̱ zwat tswuon a̱tuk 30, lilyim a̱tung susot a̱niet kwai nfwuo a̱niet nang A̱kwak Lincoln, "Simon Cameron, byiak a̱tyu cong ma̱ng zwang, telegraphed Butler ku tak nggu nang a̱bubuk nvak nggu a̱ nsi̱ siyasa nggu na'mban.'"[44] A̱di̱dam wu ni kuyet nyia̱ a̱yaat da̱nian da à̱ ku kyiak á̱ nnwuak fi̱k a̱gyang ma̱ kugiya wu ma̱nang khap a̱ni, a̱byin ka yaan a̱lahyia̱ mbwak ba a̱tafa cam swanta, a̱di̱dam ma̱nang Lincoln si̱ yong fwuang. Mi̱ mbeang a̱nyia̱, mā̄nang a̱bubuk nvak wa a̱ni, a̱niet ba ni̱ di̱ si̱sak tyok kan nhyia̱ a̱ni "zwa" ka ji byiak lang muna̱pyia̱ hu ma̱ng tyok ngsan mba wu kan kak bah.[45] == Ya̱fang == {{Reflist}} 3unvuom23b8k0c0ge9yygejig58s7vf 0 6374 49269 41447 2026-08-22T18:44:55Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49269 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ca̱caat|[[A̱marun be/Ca̱crak|Ca̱crak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[A̱marun ba/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[A̱marun ba/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[A̱marun be/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ta̱kad|[[A̱marun bi/Ta̱kad|Ta̱kad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tuku|[[A̱marun bi/Tuku|Tuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} '''A̱marun ba''' yet Á̱nietafi̱rika bya mi̱ tsung-a̱byin A̱merika ji ma̱ng bibyin a̱ka̱wa̱tyia̱ a̱sa̱khwot [[A̱gba̱ndang Kyai A̱sa̱khwot Ndya]] wu ba̱ ku shot [[khwo]] a̱ni, di̱n vak tyong ku shyiat sa̱t, a̱wot ba̱ si̱ ta̱bat swan da̱ a̱ka̱vwuo na̱ yong ma̱ sa̱t a̱ni.<ref name=exiles>{{Cite book|title=Slavery's Exiles: The Story of the American Maroons|url=https://archive.org/details/slaverysexilesst0000diou|last=Diouf|first=Sylviane A.|publisher=NYU|year=2016|isbn=978-0-8147-2449-1|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/slaverysexilesst0000diou/page/81 81], 171–177, 215, 309|oclc=864551110}}</ref> Di̱n Shong, á̱ ngyei mba '''''maroons''''' a̱wot mi̱ A̱merika Si̱pen, á̱ ngyei mba '''''cimarrones'''''.<ref>{{cite book |last=O'Reggio |first=Trevor |date=2006 |title= Between Alienation and Citizenship The Evolution of Black West Indian Society in Panama, 1914D1964 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oPOKzH36UdEC&dq=slave+%22cimarrones%22&pg=PA28 |location= |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |page= 28 |isbn=9780761832379 |access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= |first= |date= 2003 |title=African Caribbeans A Reference Guide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnzDEAAAQBAJ&dq=slave+maron+%22cimarrones%22&pg=PA74 |location= |publisher= ABC-CLIO |page=74 |isbn=9780313039348 |access-date=}}</ref> Swanga̱lyiat nTyap ji "a̱marun" ku neet di̱ swanga̱lyiat nShong ji ja "''maroon''" ji̱ bye neet di̱ swanga̱lyiat a̱lyem Si̱pen ji "''cimarron''" a̱ni.<ref name="Spitzer1938"></ref> Á̱niet ba̱ byia̱ a̱ca̱cet a̱ka̱vwuokhap ba ku shuut A̱marun ba ba̱t. Ba̱ si̱ ta̱bat ya̱khwi da̱ a̱ka̱vwuo ma̱ a̱di̱di̱t nang a̱yin si̱ mi̱n ndyen a̱ni bah, a̱ ma̱ a̱yit mbeang nkuu, da̱nian á̱nietba̱ngyok ta̱wap-a̱byin ba ku kwan tyak ma̱ng a̱mba. A̱marun ba ku kwan zwang ya̱khwi ja mat ba̱ ka cok a̱ka̱vwuonswat mba na. Si̱ huni si̱ tsa jhya̱ ma̱ a̱di̱di̱t ma̱ng á̱nietba̱ngtyok ba, nang A̱marun ba na kin mun-a̱pyia̱ di̱n jen jhyang ma̱ng á̱na̱nvan ba̱ nwuo ma̱ á̱nieta̱wap-a̱byin ba ba̱ byian nkyang. Jen jhyang, A̱marun ba na yet á̱kpa̱ndang-a̱bwuanng bya ma̱ng á̱nietnswat ba ku a̱tsak á̱niet-a̱byin wu.<ref name=":0" /> A̱ka̱vwuonswat A̱marun na di̱n jen ma̱ a̱di̱di̱t ni̱ mbyia̱ a̱yaataada ba̱ vwuon ma̱ng á̱si̱ nang susot á̱nieta̱wap-a̱byin ba mbyia̱ a̱ni. Jen jhyang, a̱ka̱vwuo nani ni̱ ntsa lyiat di̱ ntangka̱i lilyem na̱ yet mi̱ kyiai hwa tsi̱tsak lilyem Yurop ma̱ng si̱ Afi̱rika, á̰ byia̱ lilyem nang a̱lyem Sarama̱ka mi̱ Suri̱nam. Jen jhyang, A̱marun ba na ta̱bat lyiat zwá-a̱lyiat ji̱ neet ma̱ a̱lyem Yurop kya á̱ kyiai ma̱ng lilyem ghyáng ku bwuak tyia̱ a̱lyem nang á̱ lyiat ma̱ tai a̱ni.<ref name="Price"></ref> Jen jhyang A̱marun ba ni̱ kyiai ma̱ng a̱tsak á̱niet-a̱byin wu, a̱wot ma̱nang jen sweap a̱ni ba̱ ka tyia̱ a̱yaataada kyiai nang nnwap [[Garifuna (a̱lyem)|A̱garifuna]] ma̱ng Ma̱si̱kogo na a̱ni.<ref name=exiles></ref> [[File:Wikibruz23.jpg|thumb|upright|''A̱ka̱bwu tyia̱ A̱marun ba ba̱ ta̱dyuut'' (1893) (Brussels) mbwak Louis Samain.]] == Bwoi-a̱lyoot == Swanga̱lyiat nTyap ji, "a̱marun" neet mi̱ swanga̱lyiat ''Maroon'' ja ji̱ nwuo da̱ a̱lyem Shong ka mi̱ ndyia̱ 1590 na, neet mi̱ swanga̱lyiat a̱sheili Fi̱ransa ji {{Lang|fr|marron}}, ji̱ fa 'kyangzwa ku swan a̱yit' ku 'a̱tyutyong' a̱ni, ka̱ doot neet mi̱ swanga̱lyiat a̱lyem Si̱pen A̱merika ji {{Lang|es|cimarrón}} ja, ji̱ fa 'a̱shyim-a̱yin' ku 'a̱khwo a̱ tyong' a̱ni.<ref name="OED">{{Cite OED|maroon}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Maroon definition and meaning |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/maroon |website=Collins Dictionary |access-date=16 Zwat Swak ma̱ng Sweang 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Campbell2000">{{cite book|author-link=Lyle Campbell|last=Campbell|first=Lyle|title=American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i3g8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA400|year=2000|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-514050-7|page=400}}</ref> Mi̱ shyunshyung ndyia̱ 1570 ji, zwáng A̱si̱pen Sir Francis Drake ji ma̱ a̱byin Panama (1572–1573) ku shyia̱ li̱n-a̱ma "''A̱si̱meron''" (Shong: ''Symerons'') bibya, ku li a ngyei swanga̱lyiat ''{{Lang|es|cimarrón}}'' ja á̱ cat lyuut a̱wot á̱ si̱ lyuut ansham bah.<ref name="OED" /> A̱tyulyenlilyem Leo Spitzer ku lyuut mi̱ kwaa̱mbwat-a̱lyia̱ hu nang á̱ ngyei ''Language'' a̱ni nyia̱, "''If there is a connection between Eng. ''maroon'', Fr. ''{{Lang|fr|marron}}'', and Sp. ''{{Lang|es|cimarrón}}'', Spain (or Spanish America) probably gave the word directly to England (or English America)''" (ku fa: "Ka̱nang a̱meang nshyia̱ tsi̱tsak Sho. ''maroon'', Fi̱r. ''{{Lang|fr|marron}}'', ma̱ng Si̱p. ''{{Lang|es|cimarrón}}'', ku na yet nyia̱ a̱byin Si̱pen (ku A̱merika Si̱pen) kya ku nwuak a̱byin Nggi̱lan (ku A̱merika Nggi̱li̱t) swanga̱lyiat ji di̱di̱ri̱k").<ref name="Spitzer1938">{{cite journal|author-link=Leo Spitzer|last=Spitzer|first=Leo|title=Spanish cimarrón|journal=Language|date=1938|volume=14|issue=2|pages=145–147|doi=10.2307/408879|jstor=408879|publisher=Linguistic Society of America"|quote=The Shorter Oxford Dictionary explains maroon 'fugitive negro slave' as from 'Fr. marron, said to be a corruption of Sp. ''cimarrón'', wild, untamed'. But Eng. ''maroon'' is attested earlier (1666) than Fr. ''marron'' 'fugitive slave' (1701, in Furetière). If there is a connection between Eng. ''maroon'', Fr. ''marron'', and Sp. ''cimarrón'', Spain (or Spanish America) probably gave the word directly to England (or English America).}}</ref> ==A̱ya̱fang == {{reflist}} j0j3tg25egxqvts3nlucrvg4ja8tq5e 0 6376 49261 43568 2026-08-22T18:41:38Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 6 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49261 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[Vak A̱taintuut Tafaa̱byin/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[Vak A̱taintuut Tafaa̱byin/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[Vak A̱taintuut Tafaa̱byin/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Takad|[[Vak A̱taintuut Tafaa̱byin/Takad|Takad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyecaat|[[Vak A̱taintuut Tafaa̱byin/Tyeca̱rak|Tyeca̱rak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyuku|[[Vak A̱taintuut Tafaa̱byin/Tyuku|Tyuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} '''Vak A̱taintuut Tafaa̱byin''' hu kuyet shiri̱ya ngwat nvak nyia̱ na shyia̱ di̱n nyat a̱wot na ka san á̱ka̱sa njhyang á̱ nyia̱ tam ma̱ na mbwak a̱niet ca̱t kwai ka̱nka̱rang ba ka shot da a̱ka̱kpat A̱za a̱keang tung A̱meri̱ka ma̱ng A̱tak a̱keang [[Ka̱na̱da]]. Ba ka khwo A̱fi̱rika ma̱ng A̱fi̱rika A̱meri̱ka<ref>{{cite book|title=To Set the Captives Free. Reverend Jermain Wesley Loguen and the struggle for freedom in central New York 1835–1872|first=Carol|last=Hunter|date=December 20, 2013 |page=139|edition=2nd|publisher=Hyrax Publishing|isbn=978-1494767983}}</ref> ba̱ shot mbwak da̱ khwo ka ma̱ angang ma̱nang centuri̱ 16 ma̱ng a̱ghyang ba shwot a̱ni si̱ shyia̱ san bah.<ref name="auto2">{{cite book |title=Special Resource Study, Management Concepts Underground Railroad |date=1995 |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Denver Service Center |page=19 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8mTMjMSRYC&q=unaided}}</ref><ref name="NPS What Is">{{cite web |title=What is the Underground Railroad? |url=https://www.nps.gov/subjects/undergroundrailroad/what-is-the-underground-railroad.htm |website=[[National Park Service]] |access-date=9 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250208022026/https://www.nps.gov/subjects/undergroundrailroad/what-is-the-underground-railroad.htm |archive-date=2025-02-08 |url-status=unfit }}<!-- The original link may be live but it has been modified by the Trump administration making it unfit. More info: https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2025/04/07/national-park-website-harriet-tubman-underground-railroad/82971945007/ --></ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web |title=New Jersey's Underground Railroad Heritage |url=https://dspace.njstatelib.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/2d0a25c0-0b00-4c37-a53f-b8888b3e2193/content |website=New Jersey Historical Commission |publisher=New Jersey State Library |access-date=18 September 2024}}</ref> A̱wot a̱nyia̱ , nwuna̱lyiat ssai a̱ka̱sa á̱ lyen hu a̱mgba̱m ma̱ng a̱lyoot Vsk Ataintuut Tafas̱byin á̱ ku tsa jhya hu mi̱ ndyia̱ 1780s tsatsak a̱ka̱sa a̱ka̱keang á̱ ku gbi̱ri̱m mi̱ A̱za.<ref name="auto5">{{cite web |title=Historic Context for the Underground Railroad |url=https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/ugrr/exugrr2.htm#:~:text=The%20runaways%20became%20%22contraband%2C%22,the%20Army%20were%20initially%20rebuffed. |website=Researching and Interpreting the Underground Railroad |publisher=The National Park Service |access-date=8 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Underground Railroad c. 1780–1862 |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2944.html |website=Africans in America |publisher=PBS |access-date=9 September 2024}}</ref> Hu ku ya a̱kai A̱za a̱wot hu si̱ laai kuzang jen si̱ ma̱nang [[Tak Kpa̱sai Shyia̱ Sa̱t|Tak kpa̱sai shyia̱ sa̱t]] ku ntyia̱ bwak mi̱ 1863 mbwak A̱kwaka̱son A̱byin wu [[Ibrahim Li̱nkon]].<ref name="afroamhistory">{{Cite web |last=Vox |first=Lisa |date=May 2, 2025 |title=3 Major Ways Enslaved People Showed Resistance to a Life in Bondage |url=https://www.thoughtco.com/ways-slaves-showed-resistance-to-slavery-45401 |access-date=July 1, 2025 |website=[[ThoughtCo]]}}</ref> A̱niet ca̱t tyong shot ba̱ si̱ ca̱t a̱ba̱kum mumwang ba̱ nshot nat a̱si̱tet ku na byia̱ mba swat nyinying a̱ a̱ni, a̱wot ba̱ dam ku kyiak a̱ ja o ba tat a̱byin Canada.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Cross|first1=L.D.|title=The Underground Railroad: The long journey to freedom in Canada|url=https://archive.org/details/undergroundrailr0000cros|location=Toronto, ON|publisher=James Lorimer Limited, Publishers|year=2010|isbn=978-1-55277-581-3}}</ref> Vak a̱taintuut Tafaa̱byin ka kyiak neet ma̱ tyan ji á̱ nnyia̱ khwo a̱ni. Nvak na si̱ kai di si̱sak nang ndi wa a̱ni mȧ̱ng jhya mbwak a̱di̱dam a̱tyubishyi da̱ a̱ka̱cyet - a̱ka̱ghyui, The routes followed natural and man-made modes of transportation - rivers, canals, bays, ma̱ A̱talanti̱k Coast, a̱gi̱ri̱gi̱ a̱sa̱khwot ma̱ng a̱ghyui bei, vak ma̱ng a̱taintuut. A̱gaat a̱vwuo ka shyia̱ kpa̱nkpaan ma̱ a̱ka̱tyan, si̱sak nang á̱ wai teang kurum a̱ni ma̱ng a̱gi̱ga̱k swanta si̱ tyia̱i a̱niet swoot. Wuna̱lyiat hu, ku yet ta̱m si̱ [[Free Negro|nwei teang kurum]] ma̱ng a̱khwo Á̱niet A̱fi̱rika A̱merika,<ref>{{cite book|title=To Set the Captives Free. Reverend Jermain Wesley Loguen and the struggle for freedom in central New York 1835–1872|first=Carol|last=Hunter|date=December 20, 2013 |page=139|edition=2nd|publisher=Hyrax Publishing|isbn=978-1494767983}}</ref> ku beang mba mbwak a̱niet [[gbi̱ri̱m mi̱ a̱si̱ete A̱merika|gbi̱ri̱m]] ma̱ng a̱niet fwuong shok a̱gyang si̱ mi̱n a̱ khwuat [[Cung a̱yaakhwo mi̱ si̱tet a̱byin A̱merika|a̱nietca̱tshot]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|dictionary=dictionary.com|quote={{-'}}A network of houses and other places abolitionists used to help enslaved Black African Americans escape to freedom in the northern states or in Canada ... ' – ''American Heritage Dictionary''|url=https://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Underground%20Railroad|title=Underground Railroad|access-date=July 17, 2011|date=|archive-date=October 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003155223/https://dictionary.reference.com/browse/underground%20railroad|url-status=live}}</ref> A̱niet khwo ba nyanyan bya ku tyia̱ swuan ba ma̱ a̱bung ya̱baat ma̱ng a̱gyang ba ba̱ ku niat mba a̱ni meang ku yet a̱niet a̱ ku saai á̱ kyiak mba mȧ̱nang a̱pasenja byia̱ a̱ni ma̱ng a̱ka̱bwu mota a̱ si̱ taintuut bya, ma̱ shwoshwuon.<ref name="PBS">{{cite web| url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2944.html| publisher=Public Broadcasting Service| title=The Underground Railroad| access-date=July 25, 2007| archive-date=June 22, 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622122605/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2944.html| url-status=live}}</ref> Various other routes led to Mexico,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pri.org/stories/2017-03-29/underground-railroad-took-slaves-freedom-mexico|last1=Leanos|first1=Reynaldo Jr.|title=This underground railroad took slaves to freedom in Mexico, PRI's The World, Public Radio International, March 29, 2017|location=Minneapolis, MN|publisher=Public Radio International|year=2017|access-date=September 4, 2019|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018081421/https://www.pri.org/stories/2017-03-29/underground-railroad-took-slaves-freedom-mexico|url-status=live}}</ref> A̱vwuo ka a̱khwo ba ku ncuyok a̱ni, ma̱ng A̱zabyin mi̱ [[kari̱bi̱ya]] ba ku yet kap a̱khwo a̱niet [[a̱bwuanng]] bah.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/sheoh017_Jones_Leesa_transcript|title=Leesa Jones Interview Transcript, 2020-01-07 [SHE.OH.017]|year=2020}}</ref> A̱wot a̱shot swak ka ku kai vak ncung kai a̱ca̱caat a̱tyin [[Panit Florida|Florida]], a̱wot [[Tyok Panit|Panit]] hu ba ku ci̱t hu (ka̱nang ndyia̱ 1763–1783), hu si̱ ya a̱son neet a̱zanson ndyia̱ 17th si̱ nang a̱tyan ndyia̱ 1790.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5jiODwWs22MG9qBGQ_ZI9U-6W3s9g?docId=b67287f0636841dfbad57fb14222cd97 |title=For a century, Underground Railroad ran south |first=Bruce |last=Smith |agency=Associated Press |date=March 18, 2012 |access-date=March 23, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321073827/https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5jiODwWs22MG9qBGQ_ZI9U-6W3s9g?docId=b67287f0636841dfbad57fb14222cd97 |archive-date=March 21, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Fort Moses's Call To Freedom. Florida's Little-known Underground Railroad Was the Escape Route Taken by Slaves Who Fled to the State in the 1700s and Established America's First Black Town|date=February 14, 1993|first=Stuart|last=McIver|newspaper=[[Sun-Sentinel]]|access-date=February 10, 2018|url=https://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1993-02-14/features/9301090665_1_slaves-underground-railroad-francisco-menendez/2|archive-date=February 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213021610/https://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1993-02-14/features/9301090665_1_slaves-underground-railroad-francisco-menendez/2|url-status=dead}}</ref> A̱ca̱caat njen [[Zwang A̱saibung A̱merika]], a̱niet ca̱t swat nyinyang si̱ shoot mbwak lang muna̱pyia̱ ba mi̱ A̱tyin ba ka shyia̱ swat nyinyang mba hu. A̱tyu tyan kyang a̱gyang si̱ nyia̱ dam nyia̱ tat ndyia̱ 1850, ma̱nang tyan a̱khwo 100,000 shyia̱ shot bai swat nyinyang di̱n vak ngwun.<ref name="afroamhistory" /> Da̱ hyia̱ profeso a̱ kan swak a̱ni [[Pan-A̱fi̱rika|Pan-A̱fi̱rika]] fang J. Blaine Hudson, a̱tyu a̱ ku yet dean si̱ a̱gba̱ndang a̱lifang Arts ma̱ng Tyan ma̱ [[a̱gba̱ndang a̱lifang si̱ Louisville]], ma̱ a̱ca̱caat a̱tyak nzwang A̱saibung ba, shi swak 500,000 á̱niet A̱fi̱rika A̱merika shyia̱ ka̱nka̱ra̱ng Tyok da̱nian khwo ma̱ Taintuut Tafaa̱byin. == Ya̱fang == {{Reflist|30em}} == Sources == {{Refbegin}} * {{Cite news |last=Bird |first=Tyson |date=January 28, 2021 |title=The Little Known History of Texas' Underground Railroad |url=https://texashighways.com/culture/history/the-little-known-history-of-texas-underground-railroad/ |access-date=2021-07-05 |website=Texas Highways |language=en-US |archive-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519021827/https://texashighways.com/culture/history/the-little-known-history-of-texas-underground-railroad/ |url-status=live }} * {{cite book|title=Passages to Freedom: The Underground Railroad in History and Memory|date=2004|publisher=Smithsonian Books|isbn=1-58834-157-7|editor=Blight, David W.|editor-link=David W. Blight|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/passagestofreedo0000unse}} * {{cite book|last=Bordewich|first= Fergus M.|author-link=Fergus Bordewich|title=Bound for Canaan: The Underground Railroad and the War for the Soul of America|date=2005|publisher=Harper Collins|isbn=0-06-052430-8|url=https://archive.org/details/boundforcanaanun00bord}} * {{cite book|first=William W.|last=Brown|author-link=William Wells Brown|title=Narrative of William W. Brown, a fugitive slave|location=Boston|year=1848|edition=2nd|publisher=The Anti-slavery Office|url=https://archive.org/details/ASPC0001881300/page/n1/mode/1up}} * {{Cite news |last=Burnett |first=John |date=February 28, 2021 |title=A Chapter In U.S. History Often Ignored: The Flight Of Runaway Slaves To Mexico |language=en |work=Georgia Public Broadcasting |url=https://www.gpb.org/news/2021/02/28/chapter-in-us-history-often-ignored-the-flight-of-runaway-slaves-mexico |access-date=2021-07-08 |archive-date=July 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709195907/https://www.gpb.org/news/2021/02/28/chapter-in-us-history-often-ignored-the-flight-of-runaway-slaves-mexico |url-status=live}} (heard on ''[[All Things Considered]]'') * {{cite book|last=Calarco|first=Tom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RyEoBnpKYygC|title=People of the Underground Railroad: A Biographical Dictionary|date=2008|publisher=[[Greenwood Press]]|isbn=978-0313339240|location=[[Westport, Connecticut|Westport]], Connecticut|access-date=June 23, 2020|archive-date=July 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729123339/https://books.google.com/books?id=RyEoBnpKYygC|url-status=live}} * {{cite book|last1=Calarco|first1=Tom |author1-mask=1|last2=Vogel|first2=Cynthia|last3=Grover|first3=Kathryn|last4=Hallstrom|first4=Rae|last5=Pope|first5=Sharron L.|last6=Waddy-Thibodeaux|first6=Melissa|date=2011|title=Places of the Underground Railroad: A Geographical Guide|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing|Bloomsbury Academic]]|doi=10.5040/9798400697135|isbn=978-0313381461}} * {{cite book|title=Traveling the Underground Railroad: A Visitor's Guide to More Than 300 Sites|date=2000|publisher=Citadel Press|isbn=0-8065-2093-0|last=Chadwick |first= Bruce|url=https://archive.org/details/travelingundergr00chad}} * {{Cite news |last=Contreras |first=Russell |date=September 16, 2020a|title=Story of the Underground Railroad to Mexico gains attention |language=en-US |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/story-of-the-underground-railroad-to-mexico-gains-attention/2020/09/16/2db8daa8-f82f-11ea-85f7-5941188a98cd_story.html |access-date=2021-07-07 |issn=0190-8286}} * {{cite news |last=Contreras |first=Russell|author-mask=1|date=September 17, 2020b|title=Story of the Underground Railroad to Mexico gains attention |language=en-US |work=Sentinel Colorado |url=https://sentinelcolorado.com/uncategorized/story-of-the-underground-railroad-to-mexico-gains-attention/ |access-date=2021-07-03 |archive-date=July 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709183145/https://sentinelcolorado.com/uncategorized/story-of-the-underground-railroad-to-mexico-gains-attention/ |url-status=live}} * {{Cite news |last=Crable |first=Margaret |date=February 1, 2021 |title=USC Dornsife historian uncovers the Underground Railroad that ran to Mexico > News > USC Dornsife |url=https://dornsifelive.usc.edu/news/stories/3393/slaves-escape-via-underground-railroad-to-mexico/ |access-date=2021-07-05 |website=Dornsife, University of Southern California |language=en |archive-date=July 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185029/https://dornsifelive.usc.edu/news/stories/3393/slaves-escape-via-underground-railroad-to-mexico/ |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |last=Foner |first=Eric |author-link=Eric Foner |title=Gateway to Freedom: The Hidden History of the Underground Railroad |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. |year=2015 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/gatewaytofreedom0000fone_a5t8/page/6/mode/2up |isbn=978-0-393-35219-1}} * {{cite book|last=Forbes|first=Ella|year=1998|title=But We Have No Country: The 1851 Christiana Pennsylvania Resistance|url=https://archive.org/details/butwehavenocount00forb|publisher=Africana Homestead Legacy Publishers|isbn=978-0965330817}} * {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/ivegothomeinglor00smar|url-access=registration|title=I've Got a Home in Glory Land: A Lost Tale of the Underground Railroad|last2=Osei|first2=Kwasi|publisher=Farrar, Straus & Giroux|year=2007|isbn=978-0-374-16481-2|first1=Karolyn Smardz|last1=Frost}} * {{cite book |last=Griffler |first=Keith P. |year=2004 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xLKGinEZxygC |title=Front Line of Freedom: African Americans and the Forging of the Underground Railroad in the Ohio Valley |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |isbn=0-8131-2298-8 |access-date=November 20, 2015 |archive-date=July 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709150206/https://books.google.com/books?id=xLKGinEZxygC |url-status=live }} * {{cite book|title=Beyond the River: The Untold Story of the Heroes of the Underground Railroad|date=2004|publisher= Simon & Schuster|isbn=0-684-87066-5|last=Hagedorn|first=Ann }} * {{cite book |title=Fleeing for Freedom: Stories of the Underground Railroad As Told by Levi Coffin and William Still |date=2003 |publisher=Ivan R. Dee Publisher |isbn=1-56663-546-2 |last1=Hendrick |first1=George |last2=Hendrick |first2=Willene |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/fleeingforfreedo00geor }} * {{citation |last1=Hendrick |author1-mask=1|first1=George |last2=Hendrick |first2=Willene |author2-mask=1|title =Black refugees in Canada: accounts of escape during the era of slavery |url =https://books.google.com/books?id=AoFl4pNZzNgC |year =2010|publisher =McFarland & Co |isbn =9780786447336 |access-date =November 20, 2015 |archive-date =July 9, 2020 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20200709145147/https://books.google.com/books?id=AoFl4pNZzNgC |url-status =live }} * {{cite book|last=Hudson |first=J. Blaine|title=Fugitive Slaves and the Underground Railroad in the Kentucky Borderland|date=2002|publisher=McFarland & Company|isbn=0-7864-1345-X|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/fugitiveslavesun0000huds}} * {{cite book |last=Hudson |first=J. Blaine|author-mask= 1|title=Encyclopedia of the Underground Railroad |date=January 9, 2015|publisher=McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers |isbn=9781476602301 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AKRI-GNca6oC |access-date=May 28, 2021 |archive-date=April 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425214455/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Encyclopedia_of_the_Underground_Railroad/AKRI-GNca6oC?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Maroon |url-status=live}} * {{cite book|title=Free Black Communities and the Underground Railroad: The Geography of Resistance|date=2014|publisher= University of Illinois Press|location= Urbana, Illinois|last=LaRoche|first=Cheryl Janifer}} * {{Cite news |date=October 25, 2018 |first=Becky |last=Little |title=Forgotten History: Mexico accepted slave migrants fleeing the U.S. |language=en-US |work=Vallarta Daily News |url=https://www.vallartadaily.com/forgotten-history-mexico-accepted-slave-migrants-fleeing-the-u-s/ |access-date=2021-07-08 |archive-date=July 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185257/https://www.vallartadaily.com/forgotten-history-mexico-accepted-slave-migrants-fleeing-the-u-s/ |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Little |first=Becky |author-mask=1|title=The Little-Known Underground Railroad That Ran South to Mexico |url=https://www.history.com/news/underground-railroad-mexico-escaped-slaves |access-date=2021-07-03 |website=HISTORY |date=January 29, 2021 |language=en |archive-date=July 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182027/https://www.history.com/news/underground-railroad-mexico-escaped-slaves |url-status=live }} * {{cite book|last=Potter|first= David M.|author-link=David M. Potter|title=The Impending Crisis, 1848–1861|url=https://archive.org/details/impendingcrisis00pott|url-access=registration|date=1976|isbn=0-06-131929-5|publisher=Harper & Row}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/underground/opugrr.htm|title=Operating the Underground Railroad|website=[[National Park Service]]|access-date=January 29, 2007|archive-date=December 26, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226091541/https://cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/underground/opugrr.htm|url-status=dead}} * {{cite news|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2944.html|title=Part 4: 1831–1865 Narrative, The Underground Railroad|work=Africans in America c. 1780–1862: Judgment Day|publisher=[[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]]|access-date=September 17, 2017|archive-date=June 22, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622122605/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2944.html|url-status=live}} {{Refend}} ==A̱son fang== * {{cite book|last=Blackett|first=R.J.M.| date=2013 |title=Making Freedom: The Underground Railroad and the Politics of Slavery|url=https://archive.org/details/makingfreedomund0000blac|location=Chapel Hill|publisher= [[University of North Carolina Press]]|isbn=978-1-4696-0877-8}} * {{cite book|last=Bolton|first=S. Charles| date=2019|title=Fugitivism: Escaping Slavery in the Lower Mississippi Valley, 1820–1860|publisher=[[University of Arkansas Press]]|isbn=9781682260999}} * {{cite book|last=Clifford Larson|first=Kate |date=2004|title=Bound For the Promised Land: Harriet Tubman, Portrait of an American Hero|url=https://archive.org/details/boundforpromised0000lars|location= New York|publisher= Ballantine Books|isbn= 0-345-45627-0|author-link=Kate Larson (historian)}} * {{cite book |url=https://www.shockfamily.net/underground/index.html |title=Stories of the Underground Railroad |date=1941 |last=Curtis|first=Anna L. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331000922/https://www.shockfamily.net/underground/index.html |archive-date=March 31, 2012 }} (Stories about Thomas Garrett, a famous agent on the Underground Railroad) * {{cite book |last=Diemer |first=Andrew K.|title=Vigilance: The Life of William Still, Father of the Underground Railroad |url=https://archive.org/details/vigilancelifeofw0000andr |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |year=2022 |isbn=9780593534380}} * {{cite book |title=I've Got a Home in Glory Land: A Lost Tale of the Underground Railroad|url=https://archive.org/details/ivegothomeinglor00smar|url-access=registration|first1=Karolyn Smardz |last1=Frost |place=New York |publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux |year=2007|isbn = 9780374531256}} * {{cite interview|last= Jones|first= Leesa Bailey|interviewer= Brooks, Ellen|title= Leesa Jones Interview|work= State Archives of North Carolina (Oral History)|date= January 7, 2020|location= Washington, N.C|url= https://digital.ncdcr.gov/digital/collection/p16062coll48/id/3/rec/1|access-date= February 27, 2021|archive-date= April 15, 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210415025538/https://digital.ncdcr.gov/digital/collection/p16062coll48/id/3/rec/1|url-status= dead}} * {{cite book|title=The Underground Railroad: A Record of Facts, Authentic Narratives, Letters, &c., Narrating the Hardships, Hair-Breadth Escapes and Death Struggles of the Slaves in Their Efforts for Freedom, As Related by Themselves and Others, or Witnessed by the Author|url=https://archive.org/details/undergroundrailr00lcstil|last=Still|first= William|author-link=William Still|location=Philadelphia |date= 1872|publisher=Porter & Coates}} (Classic book documenting the Underground Railroad operations in Philadelphia). ** {{cite book|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/15263 | title=Public domain ebook at Project Gutenberg}} ** {{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/DKC0088/page/n5 | title=Book at Internet Archive| date=1872}} ** {{librivox book | title=The Underground Railroad | author=William Still}} <!-- author: template extracts the last word in the name only --> * {{cite book|last=Strother|first=Horatio T.|date=1962|title=The Underground Railroad in Connecticut|publisher=[[Wesleyan University Press]]|isbn=9780819560124}} * {{cite book|last= Turner|first=Glennette Tilley|date=2001|title=The Underground Railroad in Illinois|url= https://archive.org/details/undergroundrailr0000turn|publisher=Newman Educational Pub.|isbn=978-0938990055}} * {{cite book|editor-last= Walker|editor-first=Timothy Dale|date=2021|title=Sailing to Freedom: Maritime Dimensions of the Underground Railroad|publisher=[[University of Massachusetts Press]]|isbn=978-1625345936}} * {{cite book|last=Whitehead|first=Colson|author-link=Colson Whitehead|date=2016|title=[[The Underground Railroad (novel)|The Underground Railroad]]|publisher=[[Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday]]|isbn=978-0-385-54236-4}}; winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 2017 for its poetical, mythical reflection on the meaning of the Railroad in American history. ===Folklore and myth=== * {{cite web |url= https://www.historyofquilts.com/underground-railroad.html |website= historyofquilts.com |title= Documentary Evidence is Missing on Underground Railroad Quilts |access-date= December 15, 2004 |archive-date= May 14, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110514184559/https://www.historyofquilts.com/underground-railroad.html |url-status= dead }} * {{cite web|url=https://historiccamdencounty.com/ccnews11.shtml |website=Historic Camden County|title=New Jersey's Underground Railroad Myth-Buster: Giles Wright is on a Mission to Fine Tune Black History}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.quilthistory.com/ugrrquilts.htm|website=quilthistory.com|title=Putting it in Perspective: The Symbolism of Underground Railroad quilts|access-date=December 15, 2004|archive-date=February 4, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204013739/https://www.quilthistory.com/ugrrquilts.htm|url-status=dead}} * {{cite web|website=Womenfolk.com|url=https://www.womenfolk.com/quilting_history/abolitionist.htm|title=Underground Railroad Quilts & Abolitionist Fairs|access-date=December 15, 2004|archive-date=October 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011102719/https://www.womenfolk.com/quilting_history/abolitionist.htm|url-status=dead}} ==A̱ka̱fwuop nta== {{sisterlinks|d=Q868393|c=Category:Underground Railroad|n=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=Underground Railroad|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=no|species=no}} {{Library resources box|onlinebooks=yes|label=the Underground Railroad}} * [https://www.nps.gov/subjects/undergroundrailroad/index.htm Underground Railroad] – National Park Service (di̱n Shong) ** [https://www.nps.gov/subjects/undergroundrailroad/language-of-slavery.htm/index.htm Underground Railroad: Language of Slavery] * [https://www.antislaverystudies.org Underground Railroad Studies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250211082937/https://antislaverystudies.org/ |date=2025-02-11 }} * [https://www.fergusbordewich.com/underground-railroad-timeline.html Underground Railroad Timeline] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250525170128/http://www.fergusbordewich.com/underground-railroad-timeline.html |date=2025-05-25 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060715052736/https://www.fourr.org/ Friends of the Underground Railroad] * [https://www.freedomcenter.org National Underground Railroad Freedom Center] * {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190515073420/https://www.ugrri.org/ Underground Railroad Research Institute at Georgetown College]}} * [https://www.worldcat.org/profiles/BECHS/lists/651523?view=&count=100&se=ts&sd=asc&qt=sort_ts_asc%20target= Underground Railroad in Buffalo and Upstate New York]: A bibliography by The [[Buffalo History Museum]] * [https://www.newspapers.com/topics/civil-war/underground-railroad/ Newspaper articles and clippings about the Underground Railroad at Newspapers.com] [[Sa:Underground Railroad| ]] [[Sa:18th-century establishments in the United States]] [[Sa:1865 disestablishments in the United States]] [[Sa:Abolitionism in the United States]] [[Sa:Secret places in the United States]] [[Sa:Events of National Historic Significance (Canada)]] [[Sa:Fugitive American slaves]] [[Sa:British North America]] sw1d55d3cfvgp5a55f4gbozhy3zff8r 0 6389 49252 47442 2026-08-22T18:35:04Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|nwap mi̱ Naijeriya}} {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ca̱caat|[[Teang Ti̱teang mat khwo/Ca̱crak|Ca̱crak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[Teang Ti̱teang mat khwo/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[Teang Ti̱teang mat khwo/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[Teang Ti̱teang mat khwo/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ta̱kad|[[Teang Ti̱teang mat khwo/Ta̱kad|Ta̱kad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tuku|[[Teang Ti̱teang mat khwo/Tuku|Tuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} '''Teang Ti̱teang mat khwo''' hu á̱ swa kyang ku fa a̱ni li ma̱nang a̱lyeam kya á̱ mat di̱ tok ku swuom.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |article=reparation |date=2009 |title=Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary |access-date=September 19, 2009 |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/reparation}}</ref> A̱tsak kaat a̱lyeam da̱nian fa teang ti̱teang mat nkhwo ki̱n nshai da̱ka̱nyiung ku swak ndyia̱ swaak. Ma̱ kpa̱nkpaan mi̱ ndyia̱ 1900, teang ti̱teang mat khwo ku yet shaishishai muna̱pyia̱ swanta hwa (nwuan zwang teang ti̱teang mat khwo) na ku yet nvak a̱ka̱kpat da̱ vwuon si̱sak ji a̱tyukwan ang ma̱ng teang mbwak a̱gaat ba̱tyan jhya ka, ms̱nang ta̱ngkai zwang swanta nku tan teang ti̱teang mat khwo mbwak Jemini bya ma̱ng a̱kpa̱ndang ta̱m mba ba. A̱ ma̱ fi̱k teang ti̱teang mat khwo ma̱nang zwang gbi̱ri̱ng ja ma̱nyin ji ba a̱wot kap ma̱ a̱ghwughwui nyia̱ ma̱ng mmak jhyang á̱ gwut dyo da̱nian a̱tyu bwuo a̱bun a̱niet fwuong a̱bung ta̱m nang mundundung ba nyiap zang mba ji a̱ni. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Racism and Human Rights: An Approach to Reparations |url=https://www.hrw.org/legacy/campaigns/race/reparations.htm |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=www.hrw.org}}</ref> <ref name="de Greiff 2008">See {{harvnb|de Greiff|2008}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/06/the-case-for-reparations/361631/|title=The Case for Reparations|last=Coates|first=Ta-Nehisi|work=The Atlantic|access-date=2018-03-23}}</ref> <ref>Cf. {{harvnb|United Nations General Assembly|2005}}</ref> a̱tyu a̱dat a̱ bwuo fa̱t da̱nian teang ti̱teang mat khwo ma̱ng ta̱m sot ma̱nang á̱ ta̱bat ji mȧ̱ a̱bun a̱wa a̱ni na gyuut ma̱ mba a̱wot muna̱pyia̱ ba ba̱ cok mba. ==Li hu== Cam hu ku khai jhya hu ku shyia̱ nkyang nfeang: a̱wat a̱tyu á̱ fwuat á̱ si̱ bwuo nggu swuom ku shyia̱ jhya, a̱wot a̱tyu gu byia̱ a̱bun wu da̱nian gun ji gu san jhya.{{sfn|United Nations General Assembly|2005}} A̱ si̱ ma̱ng nca̱t jhya di̱n vak a̱niet ma̱ nva̱k [[cucuk sheri̱ya]], ku na si̱ mi̱n ngyet nfa ma̱nang á̱ ghwut dyo da̱vwuo si̱tet á̱ jhyi a̱di̱dam kyang á̱ fa a̱ni ku ca̱t a̱niet ba shi a̱kpai a̱ni.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/RemedyAndReparation.aspx|title=OHCHR Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation|website=www.ohchr.org|access-date=2018-12-01}}</ref>. {{sfn|Magarrell|2007}}. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Vernon |first=Richard |title=Historical Redress: Must We Pay for the Past? |publisher=Continuum |year=2012 |isbn=978-1441121318 |location=New York, NY |publication-date=September 20, 2012}}</ref> {{sfn|Magarrell|2007}} ==A̱nyan wa kpaat Teang Ti̱teang== Cam mundundung swanta fwun da a̱wat kan ka ku yet a̱tsatsak ma̱ng ta̱m ghwut ma̱ teang si̱ mi̱n bai ma̱ng kurum mi̱ a̱ka̱wat kyai a̱nietbishyi ma̱ng kwakukwa fa ma̱ng a̱pyia̱ ma̱ng a̱ka̱tung khwi, mun ma̱ng: # – A̱ti̱kut 8<ref>{{citation |author=United Nations General Assembly |url=http://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/ |title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights |date=10 December 1948}}</ref> # – A̱ti̱kut 2<ref>{{citation |author=United Nations General Assembly |date=16 December 1966 |title=International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights |url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CCPR.aspx}}</ref> # – A̱ti̱kut 6<ref>{{citation |author=United Nations General Assembly |date=21 December 1965 |title=International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination |url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx}} ([http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3940.html PDF version])</ref> # – A̱ti̱kut 14<ref>{{citation |author=United Nations General Assembly |date=4 February 1984 |title=Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment |url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CAT.aspx}}</ref> # – A̱ti̱kut 39<ref>{{citation |author=United Nations General Assembly |title=Convention on the Rights of the Child |date=20 November 1989 |url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CRC.aspx}}</ref> # – A̱ti̱kut 3<ref name="Hague Convention">{{citation |author=Second International Peace Conference |date=18 October 1907 |url=http://www.refworld.org/publisher,HAGUE,,,4374cae64,0.html |title=Hague Convention (IV) Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and Its Annex: Regulations Concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land}}</ref> # – A̱ti̱kut 91<ref name="Hague Convention"/> # – A̱ti̱kut 79 and 75<ref>{{citation |url=http://undocs.org/A/CONF.183/9 |title=Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court |id=A/CONF.183/9}} Also available at {{ws|[[s:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court|Wikisource]]}}</ref> ==Ntyan teang ti̱teang a̱ka̱tung== '''Canada''' – Li swak ndyia̱ 100, [[Canada]] si̱ bu byin maat turung a̱niet nswata̱byin mmancanada ma̱ a̱ka̱sa mba na a̱wot ba si̱ tei mba mi̱ malikhwi-cung [[A̱ka̱safang myian [[Ndi̱ya]] (IRS). Tankai nyia̱ hu ni kuyet kap tyia̱ fwuo jhya swat a̱nietnswat Canada bya, a̱wot mun ma̱ fi̱n a̱chwuang li̱lyem nta ma̱ng maat taada. Mi̱ ndyia̱ 1991, A̱gwomna̱ti Canada ba si̱ nok [[ Tyok Komitii da̱nian a̱cucuk á̱niet]] (RCAP), ba si̱ zop tsa ndi̱ri̱m di̱ kpandang tsa̱tsak a̱cucuk á̱niet, a̱gwomna̱ti ba, ma̱ng a̱keang ka.<ref>Assembly of First Nations: "AFN National Chief Says Private Audience with Pope Benedict XVI in Vatican City "Closes the Circle" and Enables Work Towards Reconciliation for Residential School Survivors" [http://www.afn.ca/article.asp?id=4511] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170325203208/http://www.afn.ca/article.asp?id=4511 |date=2017-03-25 }}</ref> .<ref name="ictj1">{{cite web|url=http://ictj.org/our-work/regions-and-countries/canada|title=Canada & Transitional Justice |publisher=International Center for Transitional Justice|date=28 February 2011}}</ref> .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ictj.org/location/canada|title=Canada &#124; International Center for Transitional Justice|website=www.ictj.org|access-date=2025-07-27|archive-date=2022-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723203419/https://www.ictj.org/location/canada|url-status=dead}}</ref>. <ref>{{Citation|last=CBC News|title=Trudeau delivers historic apology to LGBT Canadians|date=2017-11-28|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wM0yZP-g3a4|access-date=2018-12-01}}</ref>. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ictj.org/publication/truth-and-reconciliation-morocco|title=Truth and Reconciliation in Morocco|date=25 April 2011|publisher=International Center for Transitional Justice|access-date=27 July 2025|archive-date=26 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526052505/https://www.ictj.org/publication/truth-and-reconciliation-morocco|url-status=dead}}</ref> .<ref name="de Greiff 2008"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ictj.org/publication/live-other-kenyans-do-study-reparative-demands-kenyan-victims-human-rights-violations|title="To Live as Other Kenyans Do": A Study of the Reparative Demands of Kenyan Victims of Human Rights Violations|date=25 July 2011|publisher=International Center for Transitional Justice|access-date=27 July 2025|archive-date=27 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927184329/https://www.ictj.org/publication/live-other-kenyans-do-study-reparative-demands-kenyan-victims-human-rights-violations|url-status=dead}}</ref> .<ref>{{Cite book |last=Brooks |first=Roy L. |title=When Sorry Isn't Enough: The Controversy Over Apologies and Reparations for Human Injustice |url=https://archive.org/details/whensorryisnteno0000unse |publisher=New York University Press |year=1999 |isbn=9780814713327 |publication-date=1999 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/whensorryisnteno0000unse/page/165 165]–168}}</ref> .<ref name="u250">{{cite journal | last=De Cesari | first=Chiara | title=The paradoxes of colonial reparation: Foreclosing memory and the 2008 Italy–Libya Friendship Treaty | journal=Memory Studies | publisher=SAGE Publications | volume=5 | issue=3 | year=2012 | issn=1750-6980 | doi=10.1177/1750698012443888 | doi-access=free | pages=316–326}}</ref> ==Ya̱fang== {{Reflist}} 5qigyfmpgae7yvni7gnvih4hymp4n8p 0 6396 49254 48248 2026-08-22T18:37:38Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 10 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49254 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ca̱caat|[[ A̱ka̱la̱uu nswak-nnaai ma̱ng a̱li̱fada̱ri a̱nyiung/Ca̱crak|Ca̱crak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[ A̱ka̱la̱uu nswak-nnaai ma̱ng a̱li̱fada̱ri a̱nyiung/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[ A̱ka̱la̱uu nswak-nnaai ma̱ng a̱li̱fada̱ri a̱nyiung/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[ A̱ka̱la̱uu nswak-nnaai ma̱ng a̱li̱fada̱ri a̱nyiung/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ta̱kad|[[ A̱ka̱la̱uu nswak-nnaai ma̱ng a̱li̱fada̱ri a̱nyiung/Ta̱kad|Ta̱kad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tuku|[[ A̱ka̱la̱uu nswak-nnaai ma̱ng a̱li̱fada̱ri a̱nyiung/Tuku|Tuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} '''A̱ka̱la̱uu nswak-nnaai ma̱ng a̱li̱fada̱ri a̱nyiung''' fa a̱tyin kyang ka ma̱nang '''woda a̱byin á̱ nnyia̱ kam a̱ni, la̱mba. 15 (kap 1865)''', á̱ ku kpaat jen zwang ji mbwak a̱mgba̱m muna̱pyia̱ byia̱ [[William Tecumseh Sherman]] ma̱ a̱tuk 16, Zwat Jhyung 1865, di̱n jen ma̱nang [[Zwang A̱yaasaia̱toot A̱merika]], á̱ ghwon A̱kasa njhyang na sa sang a̱ ni a̱byin, mi̱ a̱li̱fada̱ri a̱byin shi a̱swap swak.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.freedmen.umd.edu/sfo15.htm|title=Order by the Commander of the Military Division of the Mississippi, January 16, 1865|website=www.freedmen.umd.edu}}</ref> Á̱ labeang bah Sherman si̱ tyia̱ a̱khwo a̱khwop ba si̱ khwuap [[A̱li̱fada̱ri]]s da̱nian a̱ga̱rari̱ya ba yong ma̱ cet. Woda a̱byin wu si̱ khwi nvak a̱lyiat tsattsak a̱tyulyuut Zwang [[Edwin Stanton|Edwin M. Stanton]] ma̱ng [[yang byia̱ kyang hyia̱ Repobi̱lik|yang byia̱ kyang hyia̱ Repobi̱lik]] tyiak ma̱ a̱vwuo [[Charles Sumner]] ma̱ng [[Tadi̱yot Si̱tiven]] gbi̱ri̱m ku bu nkhwi a̱ni huhwa yet Sa a̱keang [[khwo mi̱ si̱tet a̱keangtung A̱merika|khwo]] byan fwuo hu mbwak [[Zwang A̱saia̱toot A̱merika]]. Ba ku ghwut ma̱ da̱nian ya̱weap {{convert|400000|acre|ha}} ma̱ a̱byin ka hyiak [[A̱gba̱ndang a̱sakhwot|A̱ti̱lantik]] a̱beama̱sa̱khwot nsi̱ [[A̱tyin Carolina]], [[Georgia (si̱tet MS)|Georgia]], ma̱ng [[Folori̱da]] ma̱ng saat ka da̱ a̱kpikpit ba swak a̱kpa {{convert|40|acre|ha}},<ref name=Order>[http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moawar&cc=moawar&idno=waro0099&node=waro0099%3A2&view=image&seq=62&size=100 O.R. Series 1, Volume 47, Part 2, 60–62]</ref> ma̱ si̱ hu ma̱nang á̱ za na jhya tyan ca̱caat a̱ka̱cak cyicop 18,000 a̱kasa a̱khwo ma̱ng a̱dyudyung a̱niet a̱gyang ba̱ za ku swan mi̱ a̱tyia̱tyiat na a̱ni. A̱lyiak á̱nietsang nwuak a̱cucuk, da̱nian a̱lyiak a̱nietkwai nfwuo a̱byin ba kan tak ba nkyang ma̱di̱di̱t, nyia̱ ba byia̱ cet ba san a̱byin ka da̱ mȧ̱nang tyia̱ mba da̱ khwo ba nyia̱ tam ma̱nang a̱khwo a̱wot ba si̱ yong ma̱ cet ba yet cet cong ma̱ bibyin ku kan ngyet su mba a̱ni. A̱niet sang tung á̱ saai mam nang da̱ hyia̱ doka ba ci̱t a̱ka̱lauu 40 a̱byin ka.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Reconstruction: America's unfinished revolution, 1863–1877|url=https://archive.org/details/reconstructionam0000fone_q8w6|last=Foner|first=Eric|date=2014|publisher=Harper|isbn=978-0062035868|oclc=877900566|page=}}</ref> A̱wot a̱nyia̱, [[Ibrahim Li̱ncon]]'s a̱tyu ya a̱nwyauan da̱ yet [[A̱kwaka̱son A̱byin A̱merika|A̱kwaka̱son]], [[A̱darawut Johnson]], kwan gu li gu ci̱t a̱wat Sherman's ma̱ Jenzwang kam lamba. 15 a̱wot kyang ntai ghwut ku mun mi̱ si̱ a̱ka̱feang hu [[Byia̱tyok teang Bureau]]. A̱ka̱byin njhyang ma̱nang á̱ bu kau a̱ni neet mbwak faat hukunci a̱khwot a̱khwop bya ma̱ jen zwang ji a̱wot ma̱ ba di̱da̱i jen a̱zanson. Ba̱ng a̱nyia̱, kwai nfwuo a̱niet a̱kaeangtung ka ma̱ng si̱tet ma̱ jen [[gbi̱ri̱m ma̱ng nyia̱n a̱ka̱nok ma̱ ce a̱hwa]] á̱ tyan ta̱m teang kurum, kang ma̱ng kurum a̱tyu byia̱ a̱byin, si̱ a̱dyudyung a̱niet. Hu shyim tat ka̱ka̱p a̱ka̱tyong a̱byin ka ma̱ng jen zwang ma̱nang kuyet á̱ bwuok nat a̱swuom-zwang a̱sai á̱nietbyia̱.<ref>{{Cite web |last=fultonk |date=2013-01-06 |title=The Truth Behind '40 Acres and a Mule' {{!}} African American History Blog |url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/african-americans-many-rivers-to-cross/history/the-truth-behind-40-acres-and-a-mule/ |access-date=2024-10-20 |website=The African Americans: Many Rivers to Cross |language=en-US}}</ref> A̱lyiak a̱ka̱keang a̱dyundyung a̱niet a̱gyang ni̱n kwan ba mwong si̱sak ba ncong ma̱ a̱byin mba ka a̱ni, a̱wot a̱ka̱sa njhyang ci̱t byibyin fai di̱n vak [[Nta̱mswat A̱li|Nta̱mswát]]. A̱byin A̱dyudyung a̱niet ka mbeang tyan mak mi̱ [[Mississippi]], ma̱sa̱ma̱ng a̱ca̱caat ndyia̱ 19th. Si̱tet ji byia̱ a̱lyiak li kya̱kyak [[jhyia̱byin]] (Lat [[alluvial nkyai|alluvial]] a̱byin kpa̱nkpaan ma̱ a̱ghyui) a̱ma̱ta a̱zaghyia̱ghyui a̱ka̱vwuo ma̱nang á̱ mi̱n cak na kafin zwang ji. Á̱lyiak a̱dyudyung a̱niet a̱gyang shyiat byibyin di̱n vak niat congdyo, ma̱nang a̱tyu byia̱ a̱vwuo hu yong ma̱ng with ownership {{convert|15|e6acre|e6ha|abbr=off}} ku a̱la̱fikauu ~23,000 mi̱ a̱swap mi̱t 1910, á̱ du shyia̱ a̱gang shyiat kurum ya̱baat li̱lyim swat kunak kurum ku kwuat kyang ku mbyia̱ mi̱ lyin nkyang a̱lyiak a̱niet. ==A̱ta̱bat== {{khwo}} [[A̱f̱rika A̱merika]] ba fa̱k a̱bung lakli a̱wot ba si̱ nyip hu ma̱nang fuut lakli hwa a̱ni "a̱buka̱lyem" a̱kpa nsot di̱ hyia̱ tyok a̱buka̱lyem seang ma̱ng nvwuong [[Ngwap]].<ref>{{harvnb|Woodson|1925|p=xv}}</ref> Á̱ sii̱ du kwan zwang a̱saia̱toot ba, a̱lyiak a̱niet swatsa̱t A̱fi̱rika A̱merika shyia̱ ma̱ng swat hu mi̱ A̱za kya, a̱vwuo ka ma̱nang khwo ncyok a̱ni. A̱niet nswatsa̱t A̱fi̱rika A̱merika ba ma̱ jen jhyang ku swa na ma̱nang ta̱m-ntsang hwa á̱ kwak a̱keang ka dyo da̱nian ba ni byia̱ a̱di̱dam ba nyia̱ ta̱m hu da̱ lat a̱ka̱kurum na lan a̱shong a̱niet ba. Nda̱nduk, ba̱ ku nwuan hu ma̱nang tyia̱i vaknswuom ma̱ a̱ si̱ ba ba̱ bwat khwo hu a̱ ja a̱ni. Da̱noan si̱ a̱hwa, a̱khwo swatsa̱t byia̱ a̱wot mi̱ a̱lyiak a̱ka̱keang nsi̱ a̱si̱tet a̱byin A̱merika bah.<ref>{{harvnb|Woodson|1925|pp=xvi–xviii}}</ref> Mi̱ A̱tyinIn, a̱buk nkamm tyia̱ a̱si̱tet ba tyia̱ a̱niet swatsa̱t A̱fi̱rika A̱merika da̱ khwo ba nyia̱ ta̱m khwo a̱wot jen jhyang ba̱ lyia̱i mba ma̱mi khwo ka.<ref>{{harvnb|Woodson|1925|pp=xxiiv–xxiv}}</ref><ref name=WoodsonXli /> A̱mgba̱m ma̱ng a̱nyia̱, a̱niet nswatsa̱t A̱fi̱rika A̱merika seang kai a̱byin ka nyia̱ nkyang ma̱ a̱di̱di̱t si̱ a̱bwuang, ma̱ mun ma̱ng a̱di̱dai shyi a̱kpa a̱nyanyan byia̱ ku bang ta̱m hu ku si tyak a̱ka̱khap a̱nsham.<ref>{{harvnb|Woodson|1925|pp=xxxvi, xlii–xliii}}</ref> A̱kum [[A̱dyundyung A̱canada#A̱taintuut a̱tafa a̱byin|shyia̱ ma̱ng swat hu mi̱ a̱za Canada]] (ma̱nini [[ Ontario a̱̱tak]]), ma̱ng a̱mgba̱m a̱vwuo yong [[A̱taintuut A̱tafa a̱byin]], a̱wot mi̱ [[A̱dyundyung a̱niet Nova Si̱koti̱ya|Nova Si̱koti̱ya]].<ref name=WoodsonXli>{{harvnb|Woodson|1925|pp=xli–xlii}}</ref>.<ref>{{harvnb|Woodson|1925|pp=xx, xxxviii–xl}}</ref> <ref name=Mitchell523>{{harvnb|Mitchell|2001|pp=523–524}}</ref> .<ref>{{harvnb|Dyer|1943|p=54}}</ref> <ref>{{cite book|author=Lacy K. Ford|title=Deliver Us from Evil: The Slavery Question in the Old South|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xEC9K7quBoEC&pg=PA62|page=62|isbn=978-0-19-975108-2}}</ref>. <ref>{{harvnb|Woodson|1925|pp=xl–xli}}</ref>. <ref name=TDIH>[http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/liberian-independence-proclaimed "July 26, 1847 Liberian independence proclaimed"], This Day In History, History website.</ref> . .<ref>{{cite web|title=Draft Constitution of Virginia|year=1776|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/jeffcons.asp}}</ref>. ==Ya̱fang== {{reflist|30em}} ===Nkyang Nwuan=== * {{cite book|last=Belz|first=Herman|title=A New Birth of Freedom: The Republican Party and Freedmen's Rights, 1861–1866|year=2000|publisher=Westport: Greenwood Press, 1976; New York: Fordham University Press, 2000|isbn=9780823220113}} * {{cite journal|last=Bonekemper|first=Edward H.|title=Negro Ownership of Real Property in Hampton and Elizabeth City County, 1860–1870|journal=Journal of Negro History|volume=55|issue=3|date=July 1970|jstor=2716419|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2716419|access-date=27 June 2013}} * {{cite journal|last=Boyd|first=Willis D.|title=The Île a Vache Colonization Venture, 1862–1864|journal=The Americas|volume=16|issue=1|date=July 1959|jstor=979258|pages=45–62|doi=10.2307/979258|s2cid=146849257 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/979258|access-date=28 June 2013|url-access=subscription}} * {{cite journal|last=Byrne|first=William A.|title='Uncle Billy' Sherman Comes to Town: The Free Winter of Black Savannah|journal=Georgia Historical Quarterly|volume=79|issue=1|date=Spring 1995|jstor=40583184|pages=91–116|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40583184|access-date=27 June 2013}} * {{cite book|last=Cohen|first=William|title=At Freedom's Edge: Black Mobility and the Southern White Quest for Racial Control, 1861–1915|url=https://archive.org/details/atfreedomsedge0000unse|publisher=Louisiana State University Press|year=1991|isbn=0-8071-1621-1}} * {{cite journal|author-link=LaWanda Cox|last=Cox|first=LaWanda|title=The Promise of Land for the Freedmen|journal=The Mississippi Valley Historical Review|volume=45|issue=3|date=December 1958|jstor=1889319|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1889319|access-date=21 June 2013|pages=413–440|doi=10.2307/1889319|url-access=subscription}} * {{cite journal|last=Drago|first=Edmund L.|title=How Sherman's March Through Georgia Affected the Slaves|journal=Georgia Historical Quarterly|volume=57|issue=3|date=Fall 1973|jstor=40579903|pages=361–375|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40579903|access-date=28 June 2013}} * {{cite book|author-link=W. E. B. Du Bois|last=Du Bois|first=W. E. B.|title=Black Reconstruction: An Essay Toward a History of the Part Which Black Folk Played in the Attempt to Reconstruct Democracy in America, 1860–1880|location=New York|publisher=Russell & Russell|year=1935|url=https://archive.org/details/blackreconstruc00dubo}} * {{cite journal|last=Dyer|first=Brainerd|title=The Persistence of the Idea of Negro Colonization|journal=Pacific Historical Review|volume=12|issue=1|date=March 1943|jstor=3633335|pages=53–65|doi=10.2307/3633335|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3633335|access-date=28 June 2013|url-access=subscription}} * {{cite book|last=Engs|first=Robert Francis|title=Freedom's First Generation: Black Hampton, Virginia, 1861–1890|url=https://archive.org/details/ncis00robe|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|year=1979|isbn=0-8122-7768-6}} * {{cite book|author-link=Eric Foner|last=Foner|first=Eric|title=Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877|location=New York|publisher=HarperCollins|orig-year=1989|year=2011|isbn=9780062035868}} * {{cite book|last=Foner|first=Eric|chapter-url=http://www.library.vanderbilt.edu/Quaderno/Quaderno2/Q2.C16.foner.pdf|chapter=The Languages of Change: Sources of Black Ideology During the Civil War and Reconstruction|url=http://www.library.vanderbilt.edu/Quaderno/Quaderno2/quaderno2.html|title=Quaderno II: The Languages of Revolution]|publisher=Milan Group in Early United States History|year=1988|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610012102/http://www.library.vanderbilt.edu/Quaderno/Quaderno2/quaderno2.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 June 2010}} * {{cite book|last1=Hahn|first1=Steven|first2=Stephen F.|last2=Miller|first3=Susan E.|last3=O'Donovan|first4=John C.|last4=Rodrigue|first5=Leslie S.|last5=Rowland|title=Freedom: A Documentary History of Emancipation, 1861–1867; Series 3: Volume 1: Land and Labor, 1865|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|year=2008|others=[Text includes unattributed essays from the editors.]}} * {{cite book|last=Hermann|first=Janet Sharp|title=The Pursuit of a Dream|url=https://archive.org/details/pursuitofdream0000herm|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1981|isbn=0195028872}} * {{cite journal|last=Jackson|first=L.P.|title=The Origin of Hampton Institute|journal=Journal of Negro History|volume=10|issue=2|date=April 1925|jstor=2713934|pages=131–149|doi=10.2307/2713934|s2cid=150288378|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2713934|access-date=28 June 2013|url-access=subscription}} * {{cite journal|last=James, Josef C.|title=Sherman at Savannah|journal=Journal of Negro History|volume=39|issue=2|date=April 1954|jstor=2715755|pages=127–137|doi=10.2307/2715755|s2cid=149703494|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2715755|access-date=27 June 2013|url-access=subscription}} * {{cite journal|last=Lockett|first=James D.|title=Abraham Lincoln and Colonization: An Episode That Ends in Tragedy at L'Ile a Vache, Haiti, 1863–1864|journal=Journal of Black Studies|volume=21|issue=4|date=June 1991|jstor=2784687|pages=428–444|doi=10.1177/002193479102100404|s2cid=144846693|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2784687|access-date=28 June 2013|url-access=subscription}} * {{cite book|last1=Magness|first1=Phillip W.|first2=Sebastian N.|last2=Page|title=Colonization after Emancipation: Lincoln and the Movement for Black Resettlement|url=https://archive.org/details/colonizationafte0000magn|publisher=University of Missouri Press|year=2011|isbn=978-0-82621909-1}} * {{cite journal |last=McDougall |first=Harold A. |url=https://socialchangenyu.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/HAROLD-A.-McDOUGALL_RLSC_9.2.pdf |title=Black Landowners Beware: A Proposal for Statutory Reform |journal=Review of Law and Social Change |issue=IX |date=1979–1980 |pages=127–161}} * {{cite book|last=McFeely|first=William S.|title=Yankee Stepfather: General O. O. Howard and the Freedmen|url=https://archive.org/details/yankeestepfather0000will|year=1994|publisher=Yale University Press, 1968; Norton, 1994|isbn=9780393311785}} * {{cite journal|last=McKenzie|first=Robert Tracy|title=Freedmen and the Soil in the Upper South: The Reorganization of Tennessee Agriculture, 1865–1880|journal=Journal of Southern History|volume=59|issue=1|date=February 1993|jstor=2210348|pages=63–84|doi=10.2307/2210348|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2210348|access-date=28 June 2013|url-access=subscription}} * {{cite journal|last=Medford|first=Edna Greene|title=Land and Labor: The Quest for Black Economic Independence on Virginia's Lower Peninsula, 1865–1880|journal=Virginia Magazine of History and Biography|volume=100|issue=4|date=October 1992|jstor=4249314|pages=567–582|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4249314|access-date=28 June 2013}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Thomas W. Mitchell|last=Mitchell|first=Thomas W.|url=https://ssrn.com/abstract=1544380|title=From Reconstruction to Deconstruction: Undermining Black Landownership, Political Independence, and Community Through Partition Sales of Tenancies in Common|journal=Northwestern University Law Review|volume=95|issue=2|year=2001}}. Originally printed as {{cite book|author=University of Wisconsin–Madison Land Tenure Center|url=http://minds.wisconsin.edu/handle/1793/21887|title=Research Paper #132|date=March 2000|publisher=Land Tenure Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison|isbn=0-934519-81-1|access-date=2025-07-13|archive-date=2024-07-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708203736/https://minds.wisconsin.edu/handle/1793/21887|url-status=dead}} * {{cite journal|last1=Otabor|first1=Charlotte|first2=Jessica Gordon|last2=Nembhard|url=http://www.coas.howard.edu/centeronraceandwealth/reports%26publications/0512-great-recession-and-land-housing-loss-in-african-american-communities-part1.pdf|title=The Great Recession and Land and Housing Loss in African American Communities: Case Studies from Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, and Mississippi|journal=Howard University Center on Race and Wealth, Working Paper|date=January 2012|access-date=28 June 2013|archive-date=31 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130531054643/http://www.coas.howard.edu/centeronraceandwealth/reports%26publications/0512-great-recession-and-land-housing-loss-in-african-american-communities-part1.pdf|url-status=dead}} * {{cite book|last=Oubre|first=Claude F.|title=Forty Acres and a Mule: The Freedmen's Bureau and Black Land Ownership|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0807102989|publisher=Louisiana State University Press|year=1978}} * {{cite journal|last=Page|first=Sebastian N.|url=https://www.academia.edu/1157879|title=Lincoln and Chiriquí Colonization Revisited|journal=American Nineteenth Century History|volume=12|issue=3|year=2011|pages=289–325|doi=10.1080/14664658.2011.626160|s2cid=143566173}} * {{cite book|author=Reid, Dbra A. and Evan P. Bennett|title=Beyond Forty Acres and a Mule: African American Landowning Families since Reconstruction|location=Gainesville, FL|publisher=University Press of Florida|year=2012}} * {{cite book|last=Rose|first=Willie Lee|title=Rehearsal for Reconstruction: The Port Royal Experiment|url=https://archive.org/details/rehearsalforreco0000will|location=Indianapolis|publisher=Bobbs-Merrill|year=1964}} * {{cite book|last=Saville|first=Julie|title=The Work of Reconstruction: From Slave to Wage Laborer in South Carolina, 1860–1870|url=https://archive.org/details/workofreconstruc0000savi|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1994|isbn=0-521-36221-0}} * {{cite journal|last=Voegeli|first=V. Jacque|title=A Rejected Alternative: Union Policy and the Relocation of Southern 'Contrabands' at the Dawn of Emancipation|journal=Journal of Southern History|volume=69|issue=4|date=November 2003|jstor=30040096|pages=765–790|doi=10.2307/30040096|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/30040096|access-date=28 June 2013|url-access=subscription}} * {{cite book|last=Webster|first=Laura Josephine|url=https://archive.org/stream/operationfreed01websrich#page/66/mode/2up|title=The Operation of the Freedmen's Bureau in South Carolina|publisher=Smith College Studies in History|volume=1|issue=2|date=January 1916}} * {{cite book|last=Williamson|first=Joel|title=After Slavery: The Negro in South Carolina During Reconstruction, 1861–1877|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|year=1965}} * {{cite book|last=Wilson|first=Theodore Brantner|title=The Black Codes of the South|url=https://archive.org/details/blackcodesofsout0000wils|publisher=University of Alabama Press|year=1965}}{{ISBN?}} * {{cite book|author-link=Carter G. Woodson|last=Woodson|first=Carter G.|url=http://www.americanancestors.org/uploadedFiles/American_Ancestors/Content/Marketing/PDF_Archive/Brief_Treatment_of_the_Free_Negro.pdf|title=Free Negro Heads of Families in the United States together with a Brief Treatment of the Free Negro|location=Washington, D.C.|publisher=Association for the Study of Negro Life and History|year=1925}} ==Kyang A̱tausa== {{wikiquote}} * [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsb&fileName=039/llsb039.db&recNum=324 Bills and Resolutions, Senate, 39th Congress, 1st Session Bill 60], Library of Congress. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080218181936/http://www.federationsoutherncoop.com/landloss.htm Significant Dates on Black Land Loss] – from Federation of Southern Cooperatives Land Assistance Fund * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130109045651/http://www.theroot.com/views/truth-behind-40-acres-and-mule The Truth Behind '40 Acres and a Mule'] by [[Henry Louis Gates, Jr.]] * "[http://philmagness.com/?page_id=309 Colonization by the Numbers]", Phillip W. Magness * [http://siris-archives.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?uri=full=3100001~!292636!0 Lizzie Grant], Gullah Resident of Harris Neck, photographed by [[Lorenzo Dow Turner]] around 1933. {{American Civil War}} {{Florida in the Civil War}} {{Reconstruction era}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Forty Acres And A Mule}} [[Sa:1865 in the American Civil War]] [[Sa:January 1865]] [[Sa:William Tecumseh Sherman]] [[Sa:Slavery in the United States]] [[Sa:Reconstruction Era]] [[Sa:African-American history between emancipation and the civil rights movement]] [[Sa:English phrases]] [[Sa:Land reform]] [[Sa:Agrarian politics]] [[Sa:Reparations for slavery in the United States]] [[Sa:Mules]] djntuxtw93sxqc11qeamc8gpf7slkus 0 6397 49237 44731 2026-08-22T18:29:01Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49237 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ca̱caat|[[Hyaai-á̱niet mat tyak ma̱ng kwai A̱herero ma̱ng A̱nama/Ca̱crak|Ca̱crak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[Hyaai-á̱niet mat tyak ma̱ng kwai A̱herero ma̱ng A̱nama/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[Hyaai-á̱niet mat tyak ma̱ng kwai A̱herero ma̱ng A̱nama/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[Hyaai-á̱niet mat tyak ma̱ng kwai A̱herero ma̱ng A̱nama/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ta̱kad|[[Hyaai-á̱niet mat tyak ma̱ng kwai A̱herero ma̱ng A̱nama/Ta̱kad|Ta̱kad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tuku|[[Hyaai-á̱niet mat tyak ma̱ng kwai A̱herero ma̱ng A̱nama/Tuku|Tuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} '''Hyaai-á̱niet mat tyak ma̱ng kwai A̱herero ma̱ng A̱nama hu''' ku '''Haai-á̱niet Nami̱bi̱ya ba''',<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Goldmann |first1=Matthias |title=The ambiguity of colonial international law: Three approaches to the Namibian Genocide |journal=Leiden Journal of International Law |date=2024 |pages=1–28 |doi=10.1017/S0922156523000742 |doi-access=free}}</ref> ma̱nang á̱ lyen ma̱ jen swak ji nang '''Haai-a̱niet A̱herero ma̱ng Namakua''', kuyet ca̱t kyangswat a̱ka̱keang á̱ haai ma̱ng [[saai fwuat]] ma̱ng á̱ nyia̱ a̱pyia̱ [[Á̱niet A̱herero|A̱herero]] (Ovaherero) ma̱ng [[A̱niet Nama|Nama]] A̱niet mi̱ [[Jamini A̱takjenshyung A̱fi̱rika]] (ma̱nini [[Namibi̱ya]]) da̱vwuo [[Tyok Jamini hu]]. Ku yet a̱nyiung ma̱ á̱ si̱ ntsa [[hyaai tyak kwai|hyaai tyak kwái]] ku na kyiak mi̱ ndyia̱ 20th,<ref>{{Cite news |author-link=David Olusoga |first=David |last=Olusoga |url=https://www.theguarḏhn.com/commentisfree/2015/apr/18/pope-francis-armenian-genocide-first-20th-century-namibia |title=Dear Pope Francis, Namibia was the 20th century's first genocide |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=18 April 2015 |access-date=26 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118091810/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/apr/18/pope-francis-armenian-genocide-first-20th-century-namibia |archive-date=18 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2017/05/economist-explains-14 |title=Why Namibian chiefs are taking Germany to court |date=16 May 2017 |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |access-date=3 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701031721/https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2017/05/16/why-namibian-chiefs-are-taking-germany-to-court |archive-date=1 July 2019}}</ref><ref name=GermanyConfronts>{{Cite news |last=Steinhauser |first=Gabriele |date=28 July 2017 |title=Germany Confronts the Forgotten Story of Its Other Genocide |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/germany-confronts-the-forgotten-story-of-its-other-genocide-1501255028 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030192829/https://www.wsj.com/articles/germany-confronts-the-forgotten-story-of-its-other-genocide-1501255028 |archive-date=30 October 2023}}</ref> ku na bai tsatsak ndyia̱ 1904 ma̱ng 1908. Mi̱ Zwat jhyung a̱lyia̱ 1904, A̱niet Herero ba, nyanyan bya á̱ ku nyia̱ tyok a̱pyia̱ mba bwak [[Samot Maharero]],ma̱ng a̱niet Nama, nyanyan bya á̱ ku nyia̱ tyok a̱pyia̱ mba bwak a̱kwaka̱son shan [[Hendi̱rik Witbooi (A̱gwam Nama)|Hendi̱rik Witbooi]], a̱ si̱ gwan a̱yaat nang a̱nievan [[Fip Tyok ci̱t Jamini|A̱ka̱ndang tyok ci̱t Jamini]]. ma̱ a̱tuk 12 Zwat jhyung a̱lyia̱ 1904, ba hyaai swak 100 A̱niet nswat a̱byin Jamini mi̱ a̱keang [[Okahandja]].<ref>{{cite book |first=John |last=Reader |date=1997 |title=Africa: A Biography |url=https://archive.org/details/africabiographyo0000read |page=[https://archive.org/details/africabiographyo0000read/page/588 588]}}</ref> ==Ya̱fang== {{Reflist}} plsc28a3fqqugpag3736qsx0fxr2q4x 0 6409 49263 44909 2026-08-22T18:42:44Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49263 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ca̱caat|[[Bwuot ma̱ng mbeang bu-niat á̱kum nkwomá̱nietbishyi/Ca̱crak|Ca̱crak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[Bwuot ma̱ng mbeang bu-niat á̱kum nkwom á̱nietbishyi/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[Bwuot ma̱ng mbeang bu-niat á̱kum nkwom á̱nietbishyi/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[Bwuot ma̱ng mbeang bu-niat á̱kum nkwom á̱nietbishyi/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ta̱kad|[[Bwuot ma̱ng mbeang bu-niat á̱kum nkwom á̱nietbishyi/Ta̱kad|Ta̱kad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tuku|[[Bwuot ma̱ng mbeang bu-niat á̱kum nkwom á̱nietbishyi/Tuku|Tuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} {{Short description|Ethical considerations in museum management regarding repatriation of human remains}} bāng ātung nnwap swanta mī bwuot nat mali āwot á bu-niat mā āvwuoniat nkwom sī nnwap Āmerika bwuat mī āchwuang āvwuoniat nkwom. Ākakum nkwom 17 na si nwap Āmerika māng shyimswak ániet 300 ániet mānang āshyisā tsītsak ndyiā 1910–1985 á sī min niat ba māmi ánietnswuan mā āniet ba ksn khwi āni. '''Bwuot neet mbeang bu-niat ākum Nkwom Ánietbishyi''' yet kyang ku naat ānbwuot dī yong āhwa mī is a current issue in [[archaeology|mumwang mak dānian nkyang nkhyang]] āli nkyang taada (museum) áchyet mā an na mā vak bāng ākum ánietbishyi. Tsītsak āniet tsaswat kuntyin ābākeang ka māng āvwuo ābuwang mmumwang ātyubishyi, á mbyiā nkyang mādīdīt shyimfwuo ko ni ku wot ākum ka kā bwuat á yok bwuok dyo nat mali bah. Á byiā nkyang mādīdīt nang á cham ākaat ātāchia ka dānian ākum ānietbishyi ba ku swan ku chat á bu bwuok dyo nat āmali. == Nvak == Bwuok nat mali hu māng bu-niat nkwom ānietbishyi na bwuat āni á nwuan hu nang kuyet kyiak māng kpīkpaat tsītsak [[kukwak mumwang ātyubishyi]].<ref>Scarre and Scarre (2006). ''Kukwak mumwang ātyubishyi hu : sī ātyulyen mak kyang li gbang mā mai li mumwang ātyubishyi'', p. ālyia 206-208. Univasīti Cambridge Press, Cambridge. {{ISBN|0-521-54942-6}}.</ref> Din jen jhyang, kwai ji māng āniet ba bā kpaat ātyin ākeang ka dānian ākum nkyang ba chat āni ā ja na bwuok bai.<ref name=":04">{{Cite book |last=Atkinson |first=Henry |title=The long way home: the meanings and values of repatriation |publisher=Berghahn Books |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-84545-958-1 |editor-last=Turnbull |editor-first=Paul |location=New York |pages=15–19 |language=English |chapter=The Meanings and Values of Repatriation |editor-last2=Pickering |editor-first2=Michael}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite book |last=Cubillo |first=Franchesca |title=The long way home: the meanings and values of repatriation |publisher=Berghahn Books |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-84545-958-1 |editor-last=Turnbull |editor-first=Paul |location=New York |pages=20–26 |language=English |chapter=Repatriating Our Ancestors: Who Will Speak for the Dead? |editor-last2=Pickering |editor-first2=Michael}}</ref><ref name=":24">{{Cite journal |last=Rapoo |first=Connie |date=June 2011 |title='Just give us the bones!': theatres of African diasporic returns |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02560046.2011.569057 |journal=Critical Arts |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=132–149 |doi=10.1080/02560046.2011.569057 |s2cid=144820392 |issn=0256-0046|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Dā yong huni, ābwuang mmumwang ātyubishyi, ābwuang āniet maktyan ba fang ākum chatlyen nkyang, na nya byiā nkyang māfwui na vwuon āni. Āgyang āniet mumwang ābwuang ānietbishyi mba hu fāk di sīsak á nchat hu āni á sak ākum ka dānian á ka mbiyang kyai hu māng nkhyang nang á swa āni.<ref name=":32">{{Cite book |last1=Weiss |first1=Elizabeth |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1253398847 |title=Repatriation and erasing the past |last2=Springer |first2=James |publisher=University of Florida Press |date=September 2020 |isbn=978-1-68340-223-7 |pages=194–210 |oclc=1253398847}}</ref><ref name=":42">{{Cite book |last=Landau |first=Patricia |title=Repatriation Reader: who owns American Indian remains? |url=https://archive.org/details/repatriationread0000unse |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |year=2000 |isbn=0-8032-8264-8 |editor-last=Mihesuah |editor-first=Devon |location=London |pages=[https://archive.org/details/repatriationread0000unse/page/74 74]–94 |language=English}}</ref> Others feel that repatriation is necessary in order to respect the descendants.<ref name=":52">{{Cite journal |last1=Halcrow |first1=Siân |last2=Aranui |first2=Amber |last3=Halmhofer |first3=Stephanie |last4=Heppner |first4=Annalisa |last5=Johnson |first5=Norma |last6=Killgrove |first6=Kristina |last7=Schug |first7=Gwen Robbins |date=26 November 2021 |title=Moving beyond Weiss and Springer's Repatriation and Erasing the Past: Indigenous values, relationships, and research |journal=International Journal of Cultural Property |language=en |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=211–220 |doi=10.1017/S0940739121000229 |issn=0940-7391|doi-access=free }}</ref> == Nkhyang Maat == {{main|Historical trauma}} Ya fwuang hu danian bwuot shyia di ya ason chin apyia mbwak aniet [[Nkhyang Maat]] nang aniet nswat abyin madidit ku li ani. [[Nkhyang Maat]] na fa di fwoung Maat nang ba ku li mang jen Ayaatyia akwuop ji ku swak ani ba tat afwun. Da nkhyang, nang aniet nswat abyin ba kan fik ani bah mang lyin swuan nman Historically, Indigenous people have experienced massacres and the loss of their children to [[Canadian Indian residential school system|residential schools]]. This immense grief is also shared and felt by descendants.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brave Heart |first=Maria Yellow Horse |date=February 2010 |title=The return to the sacred path: Healing the historical trauma and historical unresolved grief response among the lakota through a psychoeducational group intervention |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/00377319809517532?needAccess=true |journal=Smith College Studies in Social Work |volume=68 |issue=3 |pages=287–304 |doi=10.1080/00377319809517532 |via=Taylor & Francis Online|url-access=subscription }}</ref> [[Historical trauma]] is perpetuated by the status of ancestors being boxed away and studied. Some Indigenous people believe that the pain will be alleviated when their ancestors are repatriated and free.<ref name=":04"/> ==Ya̱fang== {{Reflist}} ab1si2qnu0oxypfvbnzqhyd2ag8mbom 0 6413 49271 48519 2026-08-22T18:45:32Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49271 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ca̱caat|[[Á̱guguut hattak/Ca̱crak|Ca̱crak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[Á̱guguut hattak/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[Á̱guguut hattak/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[Á̱guguut hattak/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ta̱kad|[[Á̱guguut hattak/Ta̱kad|Ta̱kad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tuku|[[Á̱guguut hattak/Tuku|Tuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} '''Āguguut Hattak''' yet fa nyia tam mang [[hattak]]s ma akadang wat bwoi altyiat di li nang [[Aguguut wat]].<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |date=2015 |title=#Feminism |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781473945562 |doi=10.4135/9781473945562|journal=Sage Knowledge|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Ku kan bwuak abai kyangyet ku nswak danian alikauli anietbishyi mang ya ason si tak achyet dundung.<ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last=Humphreys |first=Ashlee |title=Social media : enduring principles |url=https://archive.org/details/socialmediaendur0000hump |date=2016 |isbn=978-0-19-932843-7 |location=Oxford |oclc=908698924}}</ref> Dā mun hattak ba ma awat, ātyu nyian tām si min nsang tām ma̱ng kyang hu shyia mang fwuo ani ma wat hu ku nkyang vwuot aniet kwai nfwuo, ku ghwut agyang āniet ba ma bu mun mi akwa ma ngun ālyiat ku byia acucuk awat ā na khwuat āshai āni.<ref name="Mann 168–184">{{Citation |last=Mann |first=Alana |title=Hashtag activism and the right to food in Australia |date=2017-12-22 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315109930-9 |work=Digital Food Activism |pages=168–184 |publisher=Routledge |doi=10.4324/9781315109930-9 |isbn=9781315109930 |access-date=2022-03-06|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Hattak āgyang fa mun swangālyiat ku hyia gyang ku neet chachaat mang fa ajat kyang ani, khwut ākawat dānian ākpa nshyiat ālyiat.<ref>{{Citation |title=Spreading Feminism Online |date=2022 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350231528.ch-002 |work=Weibo Feminism |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |doi=10.5040/9781350231528.ch-002 |isbn=978-1-3502-3152-8 |s2cid=247044502 |access-date=2022-03-06|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Wat bwoi ālyiat ku min ā nyiā tām nang āndyian āvwuo āmyi kan nswak dānian tashikum á lyen ji kai koji āni ma susot, ku gwuon mba ba shyiat ālyiat, tung, āwot ba jhya dānian nkyang jhyang nang áza ntin āghyi āni davwuo alada bwoi ālyiat wu.<ref>{{Cite thesis |title=Giving voice: the use of interactive theatre as professional development in higher education to reduce alienation of marginalized groups |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.32469/10355/5506 |publisher=University of Missouri Libraries |first=Carol J. |last=Maples|year=2008 |doi=10.32469/10355/5506|hdl=10355/5506 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>. ==Nkhyang== Hattak nang a nyia tam manini ani ma wat bwoi alyiat ma jen jhyang a ku ya ntsa tak nhu mi alyia 2007 nbwak atyuntam jhyuk Google Chris Messina ma Twitter. Adidam nggu wu kuyet gu nok atsa aguguut meta a si a na nwuan aniet ntam mang a na ba zop dinanik kyang mami ku nat chachaat mang atung ku pipyia alyia. Di ntsa, Twitter si nfin adidam a wa, a ku hyia nyia, "nkyang na ni myim atyu nyian nkyang da abang nyia".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Panko |first=Ben |title=A Decade Ago, the Hashtag Reshaped the Internet |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/decade-ago-hashtag-reshaped-internet-180964605/ |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=[[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]]}}</ref> Mang anyia, ma ba jen azanson alyia akya, a hattak #sandiegofire shyia sang din jen ayit ndung California, si biyang anyiat ntam mba seang nkhyang shyia abin, ba si chat ananyiuk mba agyang ashyia anyanyin awot ba si cham shyia fak acucuk nkhyang. Ya ason hu tak shyia kyang hattak ba chat ani, si tat si nang atyu bai mang anhu ma agbam sisa mang ayaagban manang tankai Facebook, Instagram mang Tik Tok.<ref name=":8" /> neet mang jen a ja, hattak wu si seang a kai koji a nyian tam mang anhu a nchat alyiat mang lyiat ma agyang, nok akakeang mang tung vwuot ndyen, biyanganiet ntam mang anhu ba min shyia mi ntam dundung mang akachyet kwai nfwuo aniet.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hashtag Activism {{!}} EBSCO Research Starters |url=https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/social-sciences-and-humanities/hashtag-activism |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=www.ebsco.com |language=en}}</ref> ==Yafang== {{Reflist}} 7gynhccsjyeqfkg2ch40m9cq7bag97d 0 6574 49277 39227 2026-08-22T19:50:28Z Danjuma Anthony 411 /* */ 49277 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[A̱ba̱lee/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[əbəlee/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[A̱ba̱lee/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Takad|[[A̱ba̱lee/Takad|Takad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyecaat|[[A̱ba̱lee/Tyeca̱rak|Tyeca̱rak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyuku|[[A̱ba̱lee/Tyuku|Tyuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} [[File:Tockus nasutus -Serengeti, Tanzania -female-8.jpg|thumb|right|260px|<span style="color:green;">A̱ba̱lee</span> <br /> [[File:African Grey Hornbill (Tockus nasutus) (022A-WA03044X0024-0021M0).ogg|thumb|A̱nak a̱ba̱lee]]]] [[File:A monograph of the Bucerotidæ, or family of the hornbills (Plate LIX) (6944171846).jpg|thumb|A̱ba̱lee di̱n swat]] [[File:Red-billed Dwarf Hornbill - Bobiri - Ghana 14 S4E3165 (16016185558).jpg|thumb|A̱ba̱lee a̱tazwa a̱kwon]] [[Fayil:African Grey Hornbill (Lophoceros nasutus epirhinus) female.jpg|thumb|A̱ba̱lee wa wu nggu wa byia̱ a̱jujung a̱nu a̱ni]] '''A̱ba̱lee''' wu (''á̱kpa'' a̱yaaba̱lee ''ba'') yet tangka̱i a̱man hwa ma̱nang á̱ shyiat mi̱ bibyin-á̱ga̱fi̱p ma̱ng bibyin a̱ka̱kwon fam A̱tak-Sa̱hara Afi̱rika a̱ni. Ma̱nini, á̱ ka̱u mba di̱ susot tswuon, a̱yaaba̱lee [[A̱za (fam)|fam-a̱za]] (''Tockus erythrorhynchus''), a̱yaaba̱lee [[A̱tak (fam)|fam-jenshyung]] (''T. kempi''), a̱yaaba̱lee [[Ta̱nzaniya]] (''T. ruahae''), a̱yaaba̱lee [[A̱tyin (fam)|fam-a̱tyin]] (''T. rufirostris''), ma̱ng a̱yaaba̱lee Da̱mara (''T. damarensis''), a̱wot a̱yaagwak kuntyin lyen á̱ghyang mun a̱ tyia̱ susot nyaai si̱ a̱mgba̱m ji ji̱ yet mi̱ kyang nyiung hwa ma̱ng sot ''Tockus erythrorhynchus'' ji.<ref name="HBW">{{cite web |url=https://www.hbw.com/species/red-billed-hornbill-tockus-erythrorhynchus|title= Red-billed Hornbill |author=<!--Not stated--> |website= www.hbw.com|publisher= Handbook of Birds of the World online|access-date=12 Zwat Tswuon 2018}}</ref>'' ==Tyei sai== [[File:Red Billed Hornbill Mating Display, crop.jpg |thumb|Za̱kwa cat a̱kpa̱ndang khwat mi̱ ''Buffalo Springs National Reserve'', [[Kenya]] – ''Tockus rufirostris'' - a̱mgba̱m ma̱ng a̱nia̱, da̱ nggu a̱ khwuk nfeap na di̱ gu bwom wa bah]].<ref name="sinc">{{cite book |last1=Sinclair |first1=Ian |last2=Ryan |first2=Peter |title=Birds of Africa south of the Sahara |date=2010 |publisher=Struik Nature |location=Cape Town |isbn=9781770076235 |pages=290–291 |edition=2nd}}</ref> [[File:Tockus_kempi_at_nest,_Gambia.jpg |thumb|''A̱ba̱lee (T. kempi)'' ma̱ a̱le ma̱ a̱byin Gambya]] Sot a̱ka̱man kwok nfwuo á̱niet jini byia̱ a̱sai a̱tak-a̱fa ma̱ng a̱pyia̱, kap a̱za-a̱fa ku byia̱ a̱sa̱khwot khaan, a̱junjung ndi̱m, ma̱ng a̱junjung a̱ghwap a̱shong a̱nu ka̱ lyin a̱kwup a̱ni. Tyei mba hu tai á̱ghyang, a̱wot sha̱p ji byia̱ a̱da̱dei a̱nu. Vam mba hu shi a̱kpai, ku bai sentimita 42 ma̱ng a̱swap, a̱wot á̱ fa a̱mgba̱m sot jini ja yet a̱da̱dei wu mi̱ sot a̱yaaba̱lee ji. ==A̱ya̱fang== {{reflist}} ==A̱ka̱fwuop nta== {{Swánga̱lyiatwuki}} [[Sa:A̱ka̱man]] [[Sa:Nyám]] 9mfg44h068j5v2ql6td0bx8q92ah2i0 49278 49277 2026-08-22T19:51:18Z Danjuma Anthony 411 /* */ 49278 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[A̱ba̱lee/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[əbəlee/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[A̱ba̱lee/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Takad|[[A̱ba̱lee/Takad|Takad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyecaat|[[A̱ba̱lee/Tyeca̱rak|Tyeca̱rak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyuku|[[A̱ba̱lee/Tyuku|Tyuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} [[File:Tockus nasutus -Serengeti, Tanzania -female-8.jpg|thumb|right|260px|<span style="color:green;">A̱ba̱lee</span> <br /> [[File:African Grey Hornbill (Tockus nasutus) (022A-WA03044X0024-0021M0).ogg|thumb|A̱nak a̱ba̱lee]]]] [[File:A monograph of the Bucerotidæ, or family of the hornbills (Plate LIX) (6944171846).jpg|thumb|A̱ba̱lee di̱n swat]] [[File:Red-billed Dwarf Hornbill - Bobiri - Ghana 14 S4E3165 (16016185558).jpg|thumb|A̱ba̱lee a̱tazwa a̱kwon]] [[File:African Grey Hornbill (Lophoceros nasutus epirhinus) female.jpg|thumb|A̱ba̱lee wa wu nggu wa byia̱ a̱jujung a̱nu a̱ni]] '''A̱ba̱lee''' wu (''á̱kpa'' a̱yaaba̱lee ''ba'') yet tangka̱i a̱man hwa ma̱nang á̱ shyiat mi̱ bibyin-á̱ga̱fi̱p ma̱ng bibyin a̱ka̱kwon fam A̱tak-Sa̱hara Afi̱rika a̱ni. Ma̱nini, á̱ ka̱u mba di̱ susot tswuon, a̱yaaba̱lee [[A̱za (fam)|fam-a̱za]] (''Tockus erythrorhynchus''), a̱yaaba̱lee [[A̱tak (fam)|fam-jenshyung]] (''T. kempi''), a̱yaaba̱lee [[Ta̱nzaniya]] (''T. ruahae''), a̱yaaba̱lee [[A̱tyin (fam)|fam-a̱tyin]] (''T. rufirostris''), ma̱ng a̱yaaba̱lee Da̱mara (''T. damarensis''), a̱wot a̱yaagwak kuntyin lyen á̱ghyang mun a̱ tyia̱ susot nyaai si̱ a̱mgba̱m ji ji̱ yet mi̱ kyang nyiung hwa ma̱ng sot ''Tockus erythrorhynchus'' ji.<ref name="HBW">{{cite web |url=https://www.hbw.com/species/red-billed-hornbill-tockus-erythrorhynchus|title= Red-billed Hornbill |author=<!--Not stated--> |website= www.hbw.com|publisher= Handbook of Birds of the World online|access-date=12 Zwat Tswuon 2018}}</ref>'' ==Tyei sai== [[File:Red Billed Hornbill Mating Display, crop.jpg |thumb|Za̱kwa cat a̱kpa̱ndang khwat mi̱ ''Buffalo Springs National Reserve'', [[Kenya]] – ''Tockus rufirostris'' - a̱mgba̱m ma̱ng a̱nia̱, da̱ nggu a̱ khwuk nfeap na di̱ gu bwom wa bah]].<ref name="sinc">{{cite book |last1=Sinclair |first1=Ian |last2=Ryan |first2=Peter |title=Birds of Africa south of the Sahara |date=2010 |publisher=Struik Nature |location=Cape Town |isbn=9781770076235 |pages=290–291 |edition=2nd}}</ref> [[File:Tockus_kempi_at_nest,_Gambia.jpg |thumb|''A̱ba̱lee (T. kempi)'' ma̱ a̱le ma̱ a̱byin Gambya]] Sot a̱ka̱man kwok nfwuo á̱niet jini byia̱ a̱sai a̱tak-a̱fa ma̱ng a̱pyia̱, kap a̱za-a̱fa ku byia̱ a̱sa̱khwot khaan, a̱junjung ndi̱m, ma̱ng a̱junjung a̱ghwap a̱shong a̱nu ka̱ lyin a̱kwup a̱ni. Tyei mba hu tai á̱ghyang, a̱wot sha̱p ji byia̱ a̱da̱dei a̱nu. Vam mba hu shi a̱kpai, ku bai sentimita 42 ma̱ng a̱swap, a̱wot á̱ fa a̱mgba̱m sot jini ja yet a̱da̱dei wu mi̱ sot a̱yaaba̱lee ji. ==A̱ya̱fang== {{reflist}} ==A̱ka̱fwuop nta== {{Swánga̱lyiatwuki}} [[Sa:A̱ka̱man]] [[Sa:Nyám]] fcw2cu5xiwvfvksesvy5jiw9175ryzx 49279 49278 2026-08-22T20:08:33Z Danjuma Anthony 411 /* Tyei sai */ 49279 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[A̱ba̱lee/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[əbəlee/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[A̱ba̱lee/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Takad|[[A̱ba̱lee/Takad|Takad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyecaat|[[A̱ba̱lee/Tyeca̱rak|Tyeca̱rak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyuku|[[A̱ba̱lee/Tyuku|Tyuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} [[File:Tockus nasutus -Serengeti, Tanzania -female-8.jpg|thumb|right|260px|<span style="color:green;">A̱ba̱lee</span> <br /> [[File:African Grey Hornbill (Tockus nasutus) (022A-WA03044X0024-0021M0).ogg|thumb|A̱nak a̱ba̱lee]]]] [[File:A monograph of the Bucerotidæ, or family of the hornbills (Plate LIX) (6944171846).jpg|thumb|A̱ba̱lee di̱n swat]] [[File:Red-billed Dwarf Hornbill - Bobiri - Ghana 14 S4E3165 (16016185558).jpg|thumb|A̱ba̱lee a̱tazwa a̱kwon]] [[File:African Grey Hornbill (Lophoceros nasutus epirhinus) female.jpg|thumb|A̱ba̱lee wa wu nggu wa byia̱ a̱jujung a̱nu a̱ni]] '''A̱ba̱lee''' wu (''á̱kpa'' a̱yaaba̱lee ''ba'') yet tangka̱i a̱man hwa ma̱nang á̱ shyiat mi̱ bibyin-á̱ga̱fi̱p ma̱ng bibyin a̱ka̱kwon fam A̱tak-Sa̱hara Afi̱rika a̱ni. Ma̱nini, á̱ ka̱u mba di̱ susot tswuon, a̱yaaba̱lee [[A̱za (fam)|fam-a̱za]] (''Tockus erythrorhynchus''), a̱yaaba̱lee [[A̱tak (fam)|fam-jenshyung]] (''T. kempi''), a̱yaaba̱lee [[Ta̱nzaniya]] (''T. ruahae''), a̱yaaba̱lee [[A̱tyin (fam)|fam-a̱tyin]] (''T. rufirostris''), ma̱ng a̱yaaba̱lee Da̱mara (''T. damarensis''), a̱wot a̱yaagwak kuntyin lyen á̱ghyang mun a̱ tyia̱ susot nyaai si̱ a̱mgba̱m ji ji̱ yet mi̱ kyang nyiung hwa ma̱ng sot ''Tockus erythrorhynchus'' ji.<ref name="HBW">{{cite web |url=https://www.hbw.com/species/red-billed-hornbill-tockus-erythrorhynchus|title= Red-billed Hornbill |author=<!--Not stated--> |website= www.hbw.com|publisher= Handbook of Birds of the World online|access-date=12 Zwat Tswuon 2018}}</ref>'' ==Tyei sai== [[File:Red Billed Hornbill Mating Display, crop.jpg |thumb|Za̱kwa cat a̱kpa̱ndang khwat mi̱ ''Buffalo Springs National Reserve'', [[Kenya]] – ''Tockus rufirostris'' - a̱mgba̱m ma̱ng a̱nia̱, da̱ nggu a̱ khwuk nfeap na di̱ gu bwom wa bah]].<ref name="sinc">{{cite book |last1=Sinclair |first1=Ian |last2=Ryan |first2=Peter |title=Birds of Africa south of the Sahara |date=2010 |publisher=Struik Nature |location=Cape Town |isbn=9781770076235 |pages=290–291 |edition=2nd}}</ref> [[File:Northern Red-billed Hornbill (Tockus erythrorhynchus) (022A-WA03044X0014-0010M0).ogg|thumb|A̱nak a̱baat a̱ba̱lee]] [[File:Tockus_kempi_at_nest,_Gambia.jpg |thumb|''A̱ba̱lee (T. kempi)'' ma̱ a̱le ma̱ a̱byin Gambya]] Sot a̱ka̱man kwok nfwuo á̱niet jini byia̱ a̱sai a̱tak-a̱fa ma̱ng a̱pyia̱, kap a̱za-a̱fa ku byia̱ a̱sa̱khwot khaan, a̱junjung ndi̱m, ma̱ng a̱junjung a̱ghwap a̱shong a̱nu ka̱ lyin a̱kwup a̱ni. Tyei mba hu tai á̱ghyang, a̱wot sha̱p ji byia̱ a̱da̱dei a̱nu. Vam mba hu shi a̱kpai, ku bai sentimita 42 ma̱ng a̱swap, a̱wot á̱ fa a̱mgba̱m sot jini ja yet a̱da̱dei wu mi̱ sot a̱yaaba̱lee ji. ==A̱ya̱fang== {{reflist}} ==A̱ka̱fwuop nta== {{Swánga̱lyiatwuki}} [[Sa:A̱ka̱man]] [[Sa:Nyám]] 0tyqzlaryi1mxjrp5im3pttz34prni2 0 6581 49256 38913 2026-08-22T18:38:28Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49256 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[Rafet/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[Rafet/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[Rafet/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Takad|[[Rafet/Takad|Takad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyecaat|[[Rafet/Tyeca̱rak|Tyeca̱rak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyuku|[[Rafet/Tyuku|Tyuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} '''Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino'''{{efn|á̱ ka ngyei ''Raffaello Santi'', ''Raffaello da Urbino'', ''Rafael Sanzio da Urbino'', ku ''Raphael Sanzio'' a̱ni. Á̱ ku bwuo a̱lyoot a̱tyia̱ ka, ''Sanzio'', neet mi̱ bwuak a̱lyoot Italya ka ''Santi'' tyia̱ mi̱ Lati̱n, ka̱ si̱ yet ''Santius''. Da̱ nggu, a̱ ku tyia̱mbwak mi̱ a̱yaadokyumen ma̱ng a̱lyoot ka ''Raphael Urbinas'' wa – tangka̱i a̱lyoot nggu ka mi̱ Lati̱n. Gould:207}} (yei [[Italya (a̱lyem)|Italya:]] {{lang|it|raffaˈɛllo ˈsantsjo da urˈbiːno|lang}}; Zwat Tsat 28 ku Zwat Nyaai 6, 1483 – Zwat Nyaai 6, 1520),<ref>Jones ma̱ng Penny, {{pp.|1}} ma̱ng 246.</ref>{{efn|Á̱ ku tak nyia̱ á̱ byin nggu a̱tuk mam Juma Ita kya (Zwat Tsat 28, 1483), a̱wot lyuut a̱bi nggu hu tak nyia̱ á̱ byin nggu ma̱ a̱tuk a̱nyiung kya ma̱ng ''a̱tuk'' kwi nggu ka (a̱ ku saan áwa a̱tat nang Ave Maria a̱tuk mam Juma Ita ka sii tyak a̱ni). Ku nwai yet doot mmam nfeang nani na̱ yet a̱cucuk.{{sfn|Salmi et al.|1969|pp=585, 597}}}} ku yet a̱tyuswup nghwughwu ma̱ng a̱tyughwang a̱ka̱sa a̱ yet a̱tyu a̱byin [[Italya]] wa a̱ni di̱n jen A̱gba̱ndang Shyip ji. Á̱niet ma̱ a̱di̱di̱t shyuo ta̱m nggu hu mat ghwut shansham ghwang nggu hu, nwai vwuoa̱khwu nhu hu ma̱ng nkyang na nang a̱di̱dam jen Pi̱latonik-a̱fai wu ku byin a̱ni di̱ tyai shisham á̱nietbishyi.<ref>Da̱ a̱lyiat Pi̱latonizi̱m-a̱fai na, nwuan [https://books.google.com/books?id=SC7Id_HAa7IC&pg=PA104 Chapter 4, "The Real and the Imaginary"] a li {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216074305/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=SC7Id_HAa7IC&pg=PA104 |date=Zwat Swak ma̱ng Sweang 16, 2018 }}, mi̱ Kleinbub, Christian K., ''Vision and the Visionary in Raphael'', 2011, Penn State Press, {{ISBN|978-0271037042}}</ref> Dundung ma̱ng [[Leonardo da Vinci]] mbeang [[Michelangelo]], a̱ yet a̱tyonyiung mi̱ a̱yaagwak a̱tat ba di̱n jen a̱ja mi̱ taada.<ref>Nwuan a li, mi̱ kidee, {{cite book |first1=Hugh |last1=Honour |first2=John |last2=Fleming |title=A World History of Art |url=https://archive.org/details/worldhistoryofar0000hono_w1p9 |year=1982 |publisher=Macmillan Reference Books |location=London |isbn=978-0333235836 |oclc=8828368 |page=[https://archive.org/details/worldhistoryofar0000hono_w1p9/page/357 357]}}; [https://www.britannica.com/event/Renaissance/The-High-Renaissance"] Britannica online, "High Renaissance": "High Renaissance art, which flourished for about 35 years, from the early 1490s to 1527, when Rome was sacked by imperial troops, revolved around three towering figures: Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519), Michelangelo (1475–1564), and Raphael (1483–1520)."</ref> ==A̱ya̱fang== {{reflist}} [[Sa: Byin 1483]] [[Sa: Kukwi 1520]] pe0ivj2p3smlm00caph6g4lscw19s0v 0 6713 49258 42021 2026-08-22T18:39:10Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49258 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[Delila/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[Delila/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[Delila/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Takad|[[Delila/Takad|Takad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyecaat|[[Delila/Tyeca̱rak|Tyeca̱rak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyuku|[[Delila/Tyuku|Tyuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} '''Awa Kéita''' (12 Zwat A̱natat 1912 mi̱ [[Bamako]], Sudan Fi̱ransa – 7 Zwat Tswuon 1980 mi̱ Bamako, [[Mali]]) ku yet a̱tyoguguut cat a̱ka̱wat shyia̱ sa̱t a̱byin Mali, a̱tyukwainfwuo-á̱niet, ma̱ng a̱tyulyuut.<ref name=DAB>{{cite book |last1=Akyeampong |first1=Emmanuel Kwaku |author2=Henry Louis Gates Jr.|title=Dictionary of African Biography |year=2012 |publisher=OUP USA |isbn=9780195382075 |pages=322–324}}</ref><ref name=UNESCO>{{cite web |url=https://en.unesco.org/womeninafrica/aoua-keita-0/biography |title=Women in African History: Aoua Keita |publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> Kéita mi̱ a̱lyia̱ 1959 si̱ yet a̱byii̱k ntsa nang á̱ ku khai da̱nian shyia̱ cuk tyok kwai nfwuo a̱niet mi̱ tyok cit [[Afi̱rika|a̱byin Afi̱rika]]. A̱ si̱ shyia̱ ya a̱son da̱ nvak tyok cat-a̱pyia̱ mbwak tyok cit a̱wot mi̱ 1960 a̱ si̱ kyiak tyok kwai nfwuo a̱niet mi̱ [[Mali]] di̱n jen nang [[Modibo Keïta]] ku nkhwuk a̱di̱dam tsuntswa a̱ni.<ref>{{cite book |editor1=Francisca de Haan |title=The Palgrave Handbook of Communist Women Activists Around the World |year=2023 |publisher=Springer International Publishing |isbn=9783031131271 |pages=475–476}}</ref> == Tat a̱pyia̱ == Á̱ ku byin mi̱ Bamako a̱ ku yet [[Fa̱ransa Sudan]] a̱ni. A̱tyia̱ nggu wu, Karamogo Kéita, neet [[Guinea]] ja, a̱ nyia̱ zwang mi̱ [[Zwang swanta ntsa]] a̱wot a̱ si̱ bu yet memba wa a̱si̱ a̱niet cok a̱cak ngwun si̱ tyok cit. A̱yang nggu wu, Miriam Coulibaly, neet Ivory Coast. Mi̱ a̱lyia̱ 1923, a̱tyia̱ nggu wu si̱ Aoua á̱nap ntsa a̱vwuo tyet ba mi̱ Bamako,<ref name=UNESCO/><ref name=UWA>{{cite web |url=http://aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au/KeitaAouaEng.html |title=Africa and Women Authors |publisher=A project sponsored by the School of Humanities, [[University of Western Australia]]}}</ref> tazwa fip a̱yang nggu wu.<ref name=DAB/> Mi̱ 1928, a̱ si̱ tyak fang hu ma̱ng Bamako's ''foyer des métisses'', a̱vwuo-fang khwat kya nang á̱ ma̱ng nyia̱ ta̱m ma̱ng a̱ nka da̱niam 'a̱nab ba̱ byia̱ vwuon li nkwa nvam ma̱ di̱di̱t-a̱di̱t a̱ni, tyan nang á̱ nwuak 'a̱niet Afi̱rika ma̱da̱da̱i da̱nian ba̱ nnyia̱ ra̱jista. Tat a̱lyia̱ a̱tat a̱zanson, a̱ si̱ tyak fang tat a̱pyia̱ nggu hu ma̱ng École de Médecine de Dakar a̱wot a̱ si̱ yet a̱byii̱k cok ma̱ng nyan a̱nyiuk a̱ka̱fa a̱ka̱kan. A̱ ku nat ta̱ hu ma̱ng jen tyok cit a̱gwomnati, á̱ ku nat ma̱ng a̱ngu di̱ tyiet ma̱ [[Gao]] gu nyia̱ ndyia̱ swak ma̱ng a̱feang (12) a̱ja.<ref name=DAB/> == A̱cyiet kwai nfwuo a̱niet == Mi̱ 1935, a̱ si̱ nyeang a̱bok, Daouda Diawara, a̱nyan wa ku tyia̱ nggu cat a̱cyiet kwai nfwuo a̱niet. Ba̱ si̱ mun bwak ma̱ng a̱surung kwai nfwuo a̱niet ka Rassemblement Démocratique Africain (RDA) ku mi̱n shyia̱ nhu wu mi̱ a̱lyia̱ 1946.<ref name=DAB/><ref name=UWA/> Ma̱ a̱lyia̱ a̱kya, a̱ si̱ beang ma̱ng byin Alpha Oumar Konaré, a̱kwak a̱son a̱byin [[Mali]] a̱ka̱feang a̱ghang mi̱ ce cobai, ma̱ [[Kayet]].<ref name=DAB/> Kéita ma̱ng Diawara si̱ ka̱u nyeang mi̱ 1949 mat fa̱k a̱bung mbwak a̱yang Diawara't, ma̱nang ku nghwut kpa̱sai nyia̱ Kéita si̱ mi̱n ntyei mma̱n bah.<ref name=Sheldon>{{cite book |last=Sheldon |first=Kathleen |title=Historical Dictionary of Women in Sub-Saharan Africa |url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000shel |date=4 March 2016 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=9781442262935 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000shel/page/145 145]–146}}</ref> Á̱ ku tyia̱ gu swuo a̱bung hu da̱nian a̱byibyia̱-tyok cit di̱ vak a̱ka̱jang a̱ gwyun a̱niet ma̱ gwyun shansham ma̱ng shansham si̱ nat a̱ka̱vwuo, mbeang Gao mi̱ 1950 ma̱ng [[Nara, Mali|Nara]] mi̱ a̱ka̱wa̱tyia̱-1950s. Mi̱ 1951, a̱ si̱ bu hyia̱ byin-a̱byin Firansa nggu hu<ref name=DAB/> a̱wot a̱ si̱ cat kyangswat ma̱ RDA mi̱ kyiai a̱lyia̱ 1951 a̱byin Firansa hu, a̱sorung ka yaan cucuk tsat si̱ a̱cyiet a̱niet diká. Ma̱nang RDA nshyia̱ cet a̱ni, a̱ si̱ shyia̱ ya a̱son da̱nian mba kya. Mi̱ zwat a̱kubunyiung a̱lyia̱ 1958, á̱ si̱ khai gu ma̱ a̱gba̱ndang vam RDA't, Bureau Politique bibyin swanta.<ref name=DAB/> Mi̱ 1959, á̱ si̱ khai gu ma̱ a̱niet kwai nfwuo a̱niet, gu shyia̱ a̱kwonu [[Sikasso]].<ref name=DAB/><ref name=UWA/> Á̱ si̱ bu khai nggu ma̱ sot byia̱ cet ma̱ng ghwut ma̱ lap a̱nu a̱si a̱byin tung Sudanese (a̱lyoot á̱ ku lyen Mali dyo a̱ni). Á̱ si̱ yet a̱byii̱k ntsa mi̱ Francophone [[Jenshyung Afi̱rika]] a̱bibyin nang á̱ na khai da̱nian a̱niet doka mi̱ a̱byin ba.<ref name=UNESCO/> ==A̱ya̱fang== {{reflist}} [[Sa:Feminizi̠m ma̠ng Tashikum/2026]] jwu3hrocjbndsrvzqfqr7uuo0tx34o5 0 6723 49233 41806 2026-08-22T18:27:35Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49233 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[Ta̱bita/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[Ta̱bita/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[Ta̱bita/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Takad|[[Ta̱bita/Takad|Takad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyecaat|[[Ta̱bita/Tyeca̱rak|Tyeca̱rak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyuku|[[Ta̱bita/Tyuku|Tyuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} '''Ta̱bita''' (Dorkás), ku Tabitha (Ṭaḇīṯā (a̱nap) gazelle), ku yet fung a̱tyu khwi ma̱ a̱kpa̱ndang nta̱m Yesu nang á̱ tyia̱ a̱lyoot gu mi̱ ta̱ga̱da [[Nta̱m a̱yaata̱m]]<ref name="Zonder">{{cite book |last1= Douglas |first1= J. D. |last2= Tenney |first2= Merrill C. |author-link2= Merrill C. Tenney |last3= Silva |first3= Moisés (revised by) |author-link3= Moisés Silva |chapter= Dorcas; Tabitha |pages= 370, 1416 |title= Zondervan Illustrated Bible Dictionary |publisher=[[Zondervan]] Academic |year= 2011 |orig-year= 1973 |isbn= 9780310492351 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=8Tq7UcPMwacC&q=Tabitha |access-date= 31 August 2021}}</ref><ref name="Syswerda">{{cite book|last=Syswerda|first=Jean E.|title=Women of the Bible: 52 Bible studies for individuals and groups|page=[https://archive.org/details/womenofbible00jean/page/214 214]|year=2002|publisher=Zondervan|location=Grand Rapids, Mich.|isbn=0310244927|url=https://archive.org/details/womenofbible00jean/page/214}}</ref> (kwambwat a̱lyiat A̱gwaza Nta̱m a̱yaata̱m 9:36-43, di a̱lyiat [[Nta̱m a̱yaata̱m 9#dyep Tabitha hu (9:36–43)|a̱ji]]). A̱ ku swan mi̱ a̱keang a̱vwuo fwuong a̱taintuut a̱sa̱khwot si̱ Jaffa/Joppa, si̱ ku yong mbwak [[Tel Aviv]]. Nta̱m a̱yaata̱m tyan gu nang a̱lyen gu ma̱ nyian ma̱ng nyan "a̱cucuk nta̱m ma̱ng fwuong kunak", a twai a̱kunak a̱yaatoot.<ref name=Bock>{{cite book|last=Bock|first=Darrell L. |title=Acts (Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament) |year=2007|publisher=Baker Books |isbn=978-1441200266|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=smkvXcfFBBwC&pg=PA378|page=378}}</ref><ref name=Gangel>{{cite book|last=Gangel|first=Kenneth O. |title=Holman New Testament Commentary - Acts |year=1998|publisher=B&H Publishing Group |isbn=0805402055 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s_rs-CRacHYC&pg=PA146 |page=146}}</ref> Ma̱nang gu nkhwu a̱ni, a̱nyiuk sang a̱tyok ba̱ shyia̱ mi̱ a̱keang nggu ka a̱ni si̱ swan a̱nak da̱nian gu a̱wot ba̱ si̱ ta̱m a̱ngang a̱ yei bitut ({{bibleverse|Acts|9:38}}), a̱nyan wa ku shyia̱ kpa̱npaan mi̱ Lod/Lydda. Ma̱nang kyang hu tak shok nggu ji a̱ni, a̱ si̱ tak gu a̱yaatoot a̱ghang nang gu kan twai a̱ni, a̱wot ma̱nang a̱lyiat A̱gwaza na nhia̱ a̱ni a̱ si̱ doot gu ma̱ng swuan.<ref name=Witherington/> A̱ ni dyep nggu nang a̱ta̱m a̱ni ma Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, the Anglican Communion, ma̱ng a̱ka̱vwuo khwui jyang.<ref name=Pfatteicher>{{cite book|last=Pfatteicher|first=Philip H.|title=The new book of festivals and commemorations: a proposed common calendar of saints|url=https://archive.org/details/newbookoffestiva0000pfat|year=2008|publisher=Fortress Press|location=Minneapolis|isbn=9780800621285|page=[https://archive.org/details/newbookoffestiva0000pfat/page/683 683]}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> A̱lyoot Greek nang á̱ nyia̱ ta̱m ma̱ nka mi̱ Nta̱m a̱yaatam 9:36 yet ''διερμηνεύω'', a̱ fwui ka diermÄ“neuō, ka fa "á̱ fwoi kyang shyia̱ mi̱ niat a̱ni, á̱ tak", a̱wot mi̱ can ji ni a̱ tyia̱ nka "''di̱ vak fwoi wa''", nang mi̱ a̱pyia̱ a̱lyiat ka naat cacaat ma̱ng kyang hu ka fa ani: "''Tabitha, fa Dorcat''" (i.e. 'gazelle').<ref name=Vine>{{cite book |last1= Vine |first1= W. E. |author-link= W. E. Vine |last2= Unger |first2= Merrill |author-link2= Merrill Unger |last3= White |first3= William Jr. |title= Vine's Complete Expository Dictionary of Old and New Testament Words |page= 330 |publisher=[[Thomas Nelson (publisher)|Thomas Nelson]] ([[Oxford University Press]]) |year= 1996 |isbn= 9781418585853 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ctWbMD0_p_UC&pg=PA330 |access-date= 31 August 2021}} One volume combining W. E. Vine's ''An Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words'' (1940), and ''Nelson's Expository Dictionary of the Old Testament'' (1980) edited by M. Unger and W. White, Jr.</ref><ref>[https://www.bibletools.org/index.cfm/fuseaction/Lexicon.show/ID/G1329/diermeneuo.htm diermÄ“neuō] at BibleTools.org, citing Thayer's Greek Lexicon: "named Tabitha, which by interpretation is called Dorcas"; and Strong's #1329: diermÄ“neuō = 1) to unfold the meaning of what is said, explain, expound, 2) to translate into one' s native language. Accessed 31 August 2021.</ref> ===A̱cyiet kwai nfwuo a̱niet=== Bibi Titi Mohammad fara acyiet kwai nfwuo nang achu bom bubom wa ma [[Ngoma drums|ngoma]] (a dance and music group), avwuo nang gu ngwai byin agwam [[Mohammed]] kamin [[Maulidi]]. Ma lyia 1950s, after [[World War II]], asi fara nwai mang [[History of Tanzania#African nationalism|nationalist movement]] ma Tanzania Kuma Mang gwat anatat, 1954, [[TANU]] atyu gyii wu wa yet [[Julius Nyerere]]. asi zama akpandang ngu, nang a gabatat mang angu ma ncan ngu ma lyia 1954 achu tyong kwanng nchung amali cab.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Meena |first1=Ruth |title=Gender and Political Empowerment: a Conversation with Tanzanian Political Veteran Bibi Titi |url=http://www.gwsafrica.org/knowledge/bibi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070724081227/http://www.gwsafrica.org/knowledge/bibi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 24, 2007 |website=GWS – Feminist Knowledge – Politics |date=July 24, 2007}}</ref> ==A̱wat mi a̱keang nggu ka== Kuyet abwonbwon kanang Dorcas ku tyia apyia gu yet akunak ku abyiik sang atyok.<ref name=Witherington>{{cite book|last=Witherington |first=Ben |title=The Acts of the Apostles: A Socio-rhetorical Commentary |year=1998|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |isbn=0802845010 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2P7zSnM9BjMC&pg=PA331 |pages=331–332}}</ref> Acts tyan nggu nang atyuchat mi masaman akavwuo aniet kwui ma Joppa,awot mang fa hu swak mang yet mami nka ani.<ref name=Witherington/><ref name=Lockyer /> Si huni miyang si min a tak nang Bitut nkyiak abung ka gu bai da avwuo nggu neet ma akeang kpanpaan, nang aniet akeang mba ku nyei ani. ==Alyoot== Mun mang alyoot ayahudawa nggu ka,<ref name=Zonder/> ka shyia mi [Aramaic]], a nyei nan Tabitha, awot asi Greek ka, Dorcas, a si shai ka nak '[abyiik] gazelle.'<ref>{{Cite web|title=Strong's Concordance: Dorkas|quote= Original Word: Δορκάς. Definition: "gazelle" (an animal with large bright eyes), Dorcas, a Christian woman. Usage: Dorcas, the Greek name of Tabitha. |via= biblehub.com |url= https://biblehub.com/greek/1393.htm |access-date=2019-05-11}}</ref> Chachaat alyoot [[Hebrew]] ka yet [[Zibiah]], a min a lyoot nang Tsibiah, alyoot nang ayei ayang agwam [[Joash of Judah]].<ref name=Lockyer>{{cite book |last= Lockyer |first= Herbert |title= All the women of the Bible |year= 1967 |publisher= Zondervan |location= Grand Rapids |pages=46–48 |isbn= 0310281512 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=0YrW3bxxGAsC&pg=PA46}}</ref> Aghang tyai nzit sisak yei vwuon ma Greek si Tabitha's [[Syriac language|Syriac Aramaic]] atyia alyoot ka danian nyia manang gu ku nshyia mang swat hu akeang girigi asakhwot, avwuo aghang nswan mang anacen si min nlyiet mi Greek.<ref name=Lockyer/> Dorcas ku yet alyoot alyen wa ani mang jen mun ndung mang ayahudawa mang Greeks.<ref name=Zonder/> Afwun, alyoot kimiya si cet si gazelle yet ''Gazella dorcas'', the [[dorcas gazelle]].<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Hildyard |editor-first= Anne |title=Endangered wildlife and of the world|year=2001|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|location=New York [u.a.]|isbn=0761471944|page=606}}</ref> ==Yafang== [[Sa:Feminizi̠m ma̠ng Tashikum/2026]] iv237cu7qiajq70c18hrjknsckkaf1v 0 6729 49266 41842 2026-08-22T18:43:44Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49266 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[Sa̱ra̱uniya Ma̱nggu/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[Sa̱ra̱uniya Ma̱nggu/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[Sa̱ra̱uniya Ma̱nggu/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Takad|[[Sa̱ra̱uniya Ma̱nggu/Takad|Takad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyecaat|[[Sa̱ra̱uniya Ma̱nggu/Tyeca̱rak|Tyeca̱rak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyuku|[[Sa̱ra̱uniya Ma̱nggu/Tyuku|Tyuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} '''Sa̱ra̱uniya Ma̱nggu''' a̱ kuyet a̱gba̱ndang/fi̱ri̱t ma̱ a̱tung a̱niet byia̱ fwuo khwi Azna [[A̱kpat|nkpat]], a̱tyu a̱ ku shyia̱ tyok cit á̱khwot a̱khwop ofit a̱kwak--a̱son Voulet–Chanoine ma̱ jhya̱ si̱ Lougou (mi̱ a̱ba-njen ka̱ swak a̱ni [[Naija]]) mi̱ a̱lyia̱ 1899. == Nkhang shyicet == ''Sa̱ra̱uniya'' fa ''a̱yang-a̱byin'' ku ''a̱byii̱k-a̱gwam'' mi̱ nwap nkpat. Ma̱ a̱niet Azna ba̱ lan ma̱ng mwuang Lougou a̱niet khiak khwi mi̱ fwuo a̱wot ba̱ si̱ keang a̱ka̱keang a̱kpat na, a̱lyiet na ku fa ce si̱ a̱byii̱k ncong ma̱ng ntyok a̱ni a̱tyu a̱ ku nshyia̱ a̱ si̱ mun tyok kwai nfwuo a̱niet ma̱ng si̱ cet a̱niet khwi. Sa̱rauniya Ma̱nggu wa kuyet a̱tsotswat ma̱ a̱yaasa̱ra̱uniya ba a̱nswak, ko nang gu ngyong ma̱ cet tazwa tyok cit á̱khwot a̱khwop Firansa ma̱ jhya̱ si̱ Lougou mi̱ a̱lyia̱ 1899. A̱wot á̱gwam a̱ghang mi̱ Naija si̱ nwuak a̱pyia̱ mba da̱ka̱nyiung mbwak cet Firasa <ref name="alou2009"/> Sa̱ra̱uniya Ma̱nggu si̱ tung a̱niet nggu ba ma̱ng nkyang zwa gu ka shim a̱niet nzwang Firasa ma̱ offit a̱khwak-a̱son Voulet–Chanoine, a̱tyu a̱ kwan a̱shong a̱ghyi njhya̱ ma̱ a̱gba̱ndang a̱keang tung Lougou.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Hares Sayed |title=War, Violence, Terrorism, and Our Present World: A Timeline of Modern Politics |url=https://archive.org/details/warviolenceterro0000hare |publisher=[[Xlibris]] |year=2017 |isbn=978-1543419009}}</ref> A̱gba̱ndang cet-ndong Firasa wu si̱ fak a̱sai a̱lyia̱, nggu ma̱ng a̱niet nzwang gu ba̱ si̱ khwuat lilyim neet ma̱ a̱khwot a̱khwop nang á̱ lyen a̱ni, a̱wot a̱ si shim a̱niet bai zwang ba mi̱ a̱kaat njhya̱ ja̱fi̱k ka du nang A̱firasa ba a̱bung ka tyia̱ ba bung kpa̱t ba̱ san nyia̱ ba̱ mmwang nggu a̱ni. A̱kwonu nkhang a̱nu a̱niet a̱cyiuang nwap, a̱ kuyet a̱ta̱nyeang ka̱ byia̱ a̱sa̱ra̱i a̱shong a̱ghyi wa a̱nyan wa si̱ mi̱n tyia̱ a̱niet long a̱wot a̱ ku mi̱n a̱ ghwut ma̱ng a̱ka̱bwu a̱yit na beang mba ba̱ shot mbwak a̱niet nzwang Fa̱ransa ba. Á̱ nnyia̱ a̱ki̱kan lotong nggu ba ya̱ngam a̱ti̱tak a̱niet nzwang nggu ba ma̱ kyai a̱vwuo njhya̱ ka a̱wot kuzang cyui ma̱nang á̱ wum á̱ ntyia̱ a̱cican a̱ni si̱ bu ki̱n ta da̱ a̱ka̱nyiung si̱ tat nkyayak na̱ na maai a̱gwazwang ba hu ka̱ mban ba cet ya a̱son. Sara̱uniya ti̱n lang hu maai ma̱ zwát ntsa a̱lyia̱ 1899, a̱wot Lougou sii ma̱ ba̱ fwun mi̱ zwat nyaai 1899 a̱wot Sara̱uniya si̱ ta̱dyuut a̱ nkat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Idrissa |first=Rahmane |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c2_KDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA426 |page=426 |title=Historical Dictionary of Niger |edition=5|date=2020-02-26 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-5381-2015-6 |language=en}}</ref> ==Mami zwun== Nggu wa yet a̱pyia̱-a̱lyiat ghwughwu-a̱guguut si̱ a̱lyia̱ ''[[Sa̱ra̱uniya ghwughwu-a̱guguut|Sa̱ra̱uniya]]'' di̱ si̱sak ta̱ka̱da hu ntyan a̱ni ''Sa̱ra̱uniya, le drame de la reine magicienne'', lyuut mbwak a̱tyu [[Abdoulaye Mamani]].<ref name="alou2009"/> == Ya̱fang == [[Sa:Feminizi̠m ma̠ng Tashikum/2026]] k1psw867ezxmhifds8swkou8shop7hv 0 6731 49242 47949 2026-08-22T18:31:15Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49242 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ca̱caat|[[Bwak/Ca̱crak|Ca̱crak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[Bwak/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[Bwak/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[Bwak/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ta̱kad|[[Bwak/Ta̱kad|Ta̱kad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tuku|[[Bwak/Tuku|Tuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} '''Bwak''' yet kap vam hu hwa á̱ maai mup ku ba̱ng kyang ma̱ng a̱nhu a̱ni ku shyia̱ di̱ fwuop ma̱ng vam hu, a̱wot ku si̱ shyia̱ di̱ ngaan ghwuan [[a̱tyubishyi]] ma̱ng nyám nang [[zeam]] ma̱ng [[a̱kha̱]] a̱ni. Nyám jhyang ji̱ byia̱ kungkup-a̱ma a̱ni nang a̱kowala (a̱ byia̱ a̱yaaturugbak a̱feang ba̱ nyia̱ fi̱p ma̱ng a̱ghyang a̱ni mi̱ kuzang "bwak" mbeang nia̱ ga̱swuong-mbwak ku tai si̱ a̱tyubishyi ba̱t a̱ni) mun byia̱ "mbwak" nia da̱ a̱kwonu "a̱ti̱tak" di̱ fam a̱zanson mba hu. Á̱ mun nyia̱ nyam ji̱ á̱ ngyei a̱rakun a̱ni byia̱ "mbwak" nia, ku nang a̱ nwai byia̱ a̱yaaturugbak a̱feang ba̱ nwuan a̱ghyang a̱ni bah.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Thomas|first1=Dorcas MacClintock; illustrated by J. Sharkey|title=A natural history of raccoons|url=https://archive.org/details/naturalhistoryof0000macc_m2o2|date=2002|publisher=Blackburn Press|location=Caldwell, N.J.|isbn=978-1-930665-67-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/naturalhistoryof0000macc_m2o2/page/15 15]}}</ref> ==A̱ya̱fang== {{reflist}} ==A̱ka̱fwuop nta== {{Swánga̱lyiatwuki}} [[Sa:Nkap vam]] jrmazu3f726cc5pfgflhrasupeewdmd 0 6732 49260 40054 2026-08-22T18:40:22Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49260 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[Bwak|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[Bwak/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[Bwak/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Takad|[[Bwak/Takad|Takad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyecaat|[[Bwak/Tyeca̱rak|Tyeca̱rak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyuku|[[Bwak/Tyuku|Tyuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Fantswam|a̱lyem=Fantswam}} {{Databox}} '''Bwak''' yet kap lvam ku kwa nang á̱ maai á̱ mup ku á̱ bya̱ng kyang ba̱ nku ni ku shyia bi̱ tfwuop bi̱ lvam ku, a̱wot ku si̱ shyia bi̱ ngaan ghwuan [[a̱tyubishyi]] ba̱ nyám nang [[zaam]] ba̱ [[ka̱kha̱]] ni. Nyám zaan ji̱ byia̱ kungkup-ka̱ma ni nang kowala (a̱ byia̱ yaaturugbak a̱feang ba̱ nyia fi̱p ba̱ a̱yaan ni bi̱ kuzang "bwak" mbeang nia̱ ga̱swuong-mbwak ku tai si̱ a̱tyubishyi ba̱t ni) mun byia̱ "mbwak" nia da̱ a̱kwonu "ti̱tak" bi̱ tfam a̱zanson mba ku. Á̱ mun nyia̱ nyam ji̱ á̱ ngyei rakun ni byia̱ "mbwak" nia, ku nang a̱ nwai byia̱ yaaturugbak a̱feang ba̱ nwuan a̱yaan ni dak.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Thomas|first1=Dorcas MacClintock; illustrated by J. Sharkey|title=A natural history of raccoons|url=https://archive.org/details/naturalhistoryof0000macc_m2o2|date=2002|publisher=Blackburn Press|location=Caldwell, N.J.|isbn=978-1-930665-67-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/naturalhistoryof0000macc_m2o2/page/15 15]}}</ref> ==Ya̱tfang== {{reflist}} jawaji1fj03cg5ejc5vwvmyrma0s4ol 0 6752 49248 41823 2026-08-22T18:33:42Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49248 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[Fi̱ng nggwoneam a̱gwagwa/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[Fi̱ng nggwoneam a̱gwagwa/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[Fi̱ng nggwoneam a̱gwagwa/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Takad|[[Fi̱ng nggwoneam a̱gwagwa/Takad|Takad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyecaat|[[Fi̱ng nggwoneam a̱gwagwa/Tyeca̱rak|Tyeca̱rak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyuku|[[Fi̱ng nggwoneam a̱gwagwa/Tyuku|Tyuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} "'''Fi̱ng nggwoneam A̱sa̱khwot wu'''" (Schwanjungfrau) yet tashikum ja ma̱nang a̱tyan nang ATU 400, "Á̱nap a̱sa̱khwot ba" ku "A̱tyok wu a̱shyia̱ di lyi̱ri̱m da̱nian A̱byii̱k nggu a̱ bwuk a̱ni", di̱ si̱sak atyok nkwak a̱lyiat da̱ nhu, ku a̱ka̱nyeang, a̱byii̱k a̱ yet a̱tyushyit nang á̱ ku tat jen jhyang a̱ si̱ nsaan. A̱byii̱k wu ni shai kwa nvam nggu hu di̱ yet a̱tyubishi nat li a̱man di nyia̱ ta̱m ma̱ng nfeap na The wife shapeshifts (ku ma̱ jen jhyang gu bwak tyia̱ kyang da̱ a̱pyia̱ ncen da̱ kup kwa khyang a̱yet). Nkhang na ma̱ jen jhyang ku byia̱ gak a̱ yet kyang vwuot fwuo mi̱ si̱ a̱byii̱k wu ya ngyet a̱nap a̱sa̱kheot wa a̱ni, jujuut, ku shimba ntangka̱i a̱man a̱ghyang, nang ''Enzyklopädie des Märchens''. Kyang hu yet a̱byin shai ka a̱ni yet kwa a̱sa̱khwot hwa, ku a̱ta̱shwak gu byia̱ nfeap a̱sa̱khwot mun ndung.<ref>{{cite book |author-link=Cyril W. Beaumont |first=C. W. |last=Beaumont |title=The Ballet called Swan Lake |location=London |publisher=Beaumont |date=1952 |page=36}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Stuart-Glennie |first=John S. |chapter=Incidents of Swan-Maiden Marriage |editor=Richard M. Dorson |title=Peasant Customs and Savage Myths |volume=II |publisher=The University of Chicago Press |date=1968 |page=523 |quote=[In "The Swan-Maiden Marriage"] the maiden is represented as of a higher race than, or at least different race from, her suitor, and particularly as wearing clothes, and often, though not generally, a feather dress.}}</ref> Mi̱ a̱tsatsai nkhang wu, a̱nap (nin swuo) mi̱ ngak a̱sa̱khwot njhyang, a̱ tyok ni nyin-nyinyin, a̱nyiat, ku gu wum a̱ta̱shwak nfeap nka na ([[Motif-Index of Folk-Literature|motif]] K 1335, D 361.1), a̱ fwun nka di̱ fi̱p a̱ nkat (ku wak a̱ nkat, etc.), tei nka ma̱ cet ka yet a̱byii̱k nggu. Tangka̱i II si̱ tangka̱i tat, mi̱ A. T. Hatto (1961). Mi̱n jen ka̱ ku yet a̱tyunyiung ma̱ng a̱ka̱neam ma̱di̱di̱t di̱ yong hu (ma̱ng jen jhyang jhya̱ nkyang tswazwa hwa), a̱wot ma̱ jen jhyang a̱cwuang wu wa á̱ nin ya̱baat. A̱byii̱k a̱man wu da̱ a̱ka̱hyia̱ si̱ doot a̱tyok wuni a̱wot mi̱ nyan ma̱di̱di̱t. A̱khwukhwop ntangka̱i nkhang ki̱dee wuni yet si̱ [[Chinese language|canit]] ja, á̱ ku kwok mi̱ ''Sou shen ji'' ("[[di̱ zwop nkyang nyiwai yet a̱tai a̱ni]]", centuri 4th), etc. Á̱ byia̱ analogues ma̱di̱di̱t a̱kai swanta hu, á̱ lyen ''[[Völundarkviða]] wu'' ma̱ng ''[[nkhyang a̱ta̱nyeang Grimms]]'' KHM 193 "[[Maat hu (nkhyang tai a̱won)|Maat hu]]". Á̱ bu mbyia̱ nkyang ntai ma̱di̱di̱t na yet mat hu swak á̱nap a̱sa̱khwot a̱ni bah. == Hyia̱ byia̱ fa == {{further|#Folkloristics}} "Fi̱ng nggwoneam A̱gwagwa" hu a̱ji a̱si be mun á̱ ngyei nyia̱ "nggwoneam- [[A̱man]]",{{sfnp|Hatto|1961|p=343}} ma̱nang byin nggu hu si mi̱n ngyet si̱ a̱gwagwa hwa a̱ni, [[Jujuut|jujuut]] ku [[Za̱ngeak|(za̱ngeak]], ma̱nang hu ni ngyei ma̱ kyang nyiung a̱ni {{sfnp|Hatto|1961|p=328}} ku [[A̱gwagwa|a̱gwagwa]] ku [[Zwak a̱gwu|zwak a̱gwu]] (ma̱nang mi̱ ki̱dee a̱tak Amerika),{{sfnp|Berezkin|2010|p=33}} ku [[A̱bwa|a̱yaabwa]],{{sfnp|Berezkin|2010|p=35}} ku [[A̱nggulu|a̱gulu]], [[A̱kaguk|a̱kaguk]] ku tangka̱i a̱ka̱man na̱ sang a̱ka̱vwuo nswat a̱ni.{{Refn|name=berezkin-apud-dhuy|{{harvp|Berezkin|2010|p=34}}, (2013) ''apud'' {{harvp|d'Huy|2023|p=}}.<!--ref name="dhuy2023"/-->}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Yearsley |first=Macleod |title=The Folklore of Fairy-tale |url=https://archive.org/details/folkloreoffairyt0000macl |location=London |publisher=Watts & Co. |date=1924 |page=[https://archive.org/details/folkloreoffairyt0000macl/page/168 168] |quote=The general idea of these [Swan Maiden] stories is that the hero observes some birds — swans, geese, ducks, doves, pigeons, etc. — who fly to a lake and, removing their feather dresses, become maidens of surpassing beauty. By taking possession of one of them, the hero forces her to become his wife; but after some time, she recovers her dress and flies away, usually never to return, but sometimes to be recovered by her husband.}}</ref> A̱wot neet tangka̱i nkhyang ATU 400 nshyia̱ "A̱tyok di̱ ya fwang da̱nian A̱byii̱k nggu a̱ bwuk a̱ni," hu ku mi̱n a̱ mun a̱ cong ma̱ng á̱dwundwung tswa á̱ wai nwuan a̱ni: also as [[stars]], [[nymph]] tswaza,{{Refund|name=berezkin-apud-dhuy}} ku kyang [[a̱won|fée]] ma̱ng cen hu. Ma̱nang mi̱ ki̱dee ji si̱ nkhyang Occitan ma̱ng lilyem ma̱di̱di̱t.<ref name="dhuy2023"/> ==Ya̱fang== [[Sa:Feminizi̠m ma̠ng Tashikum/2026]] 654ejhtr2dgahugbd8gbh3tv5t73nt5 0 6969 49246 41814 2026-08-22T18:32:55Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49246 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Feminism symbol.svg|upright|thumb|right|The merged [[Venus symbol]] with [[raised fist]] is a symbol of feminism; [[Robin Morgan]] designed it for a [[Miss America protest|protest of the 1969 Miss America pageant]], where it was popularized.<ref>Felder, Deborah G. ''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_American_Women_s_Almanac/ELq9DwAAQBAJ? hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22venus+symbol+of+a+female+but+with+a+raised+fist%22&pg=PT193&p rintsec=frontcover The American Women's Almanac: 500 Years of Making History]''. United States: Visible Ink Press, 2020.</ref><ref>Davis, Ben. ''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Art_in_the_After_Culture/R-JaEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv =1&dq=%22robin+morgan+as+a+graphic+for+a+protest%22&pg=PT88&printsec=frontcover Art in the After-Culture: Capitalist Crisis and Cultural Strategy]''. United Kingdom: Haymarket Books, 2022.</ref><ref name="bbc">{{cite web |last=Kelly |first=Jon |date=17 April 2012 |title=Breivik: What's behind clenched-fist salutes? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-17739105 States: Visible Ink Press, 2020.</ref><ref>Davis, Ben. ''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Art_in_the_After_Culture/R-JaEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv =1&dq=%22robin+morgan+as+a+graphic+for+a+protest%22&pg=PT88&printsec=frontcover Art in the After-Culture: Capitalist Crisis and Cultural Strategy]''. United Kingdom: Haymarket Books, 2022.</ref><ref name="bbc">{{cite web |last=Kelly |first=Jon |date=17 April 2012 |title=Breivik: What's behind clenched-fist salutes? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-17739105 |access-date=7 July 2018 |website=[[bbc.co.uk]]}}</ref>]] {{Feminism sidebar}} {{Feminist philosophy sidebar}} '''Feminizi̱m''' yet tak ha si aciyet siyasa mang [[ideology|ideologies]] ku nshyia danian tiyai mang nok siyasa, nkyayak, kyang apyia, mang awat [[gender equality|li cacaat mang ce]].<ref>Laura Brunell and [[Elinor Burkett]] (''[[Encyclopaedia Britannica]]'', 2019): "'''Feminism''', the belief in social, economic, and political equality of the sexes."</ref><ref name="Brunell & Burkett">{{cite web |last1=Brunell |first1=Laura |last2=Burkett |first2=Elinor |author2-link=Elinor Burkett |title=Feminism |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/feminism |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |date=28 February 2024 |publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.]] |access-date=10 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240307152734/https://www.britannica.com/topic/femi |archive-date=7 March 2024 |url-status=live |quote='''Feminism''', the belief in social, economic, and political equality of the sexes }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Lengermann |first1=Patricia |last2=Niebrugge |first2=Gillian |editor1-last=Ritzer |editor1-first=G. |editor2-last=Ryan |editor2-first=J.M. |title=The Concise Encyclopedia of Sociology |date=2010 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-40-518353-6 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dz4wU64f_JYC&q=feminism+%22principle+th at+women+are+human+beings+equal+to+men%22 |chapter=Feminism|page=223}}</ref><ref name=Mendus>{{cite book |last1=Mendus |first1=Susan |author-link=Susan Mendus |editor1-last=Honderich |editor1-first=Ted |editor1-link=Ted Honderich |title=The Oxford Companion to Philosophy |date=2005 |orig-date=1995 |publisher=Oxford University Press |pages=291–294 |chapter=Feminism |edition=2nd |isbn=978-0-19-926479-7 |title-link=The Oxford Companion to Philosophy}}</ref><ref name="Hawkesworth">{{Cite book |last=Hawkesworth |first=Mary E. |title=Globalization and Feminist Activism |url=https://archive.org/details/globalizationfem0000hawk |date=2006 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |pages=[https://archive.org/details/globalizationfem0000hawk/page/25 25]–27 |isbn=978-0-7425-3783-5}}</ref><ref name="Beasley">{{Cite book |last=Beasley |first=Chris |author-link1=Chris Beasley (Australian gender studies researcher) |title=What Is Feminism? |url=https://archive.org/details/whatisfeminismin0000beas |date=1999 |publisher=SAGE |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/whatisfeminismin0000beas/page/3 3]–11 |isbn=978-0-7619-6335-6}}</ref> Tashikum bang awat ka nang akakeang nshyia mbwak atyoli mba ani—ba fwoung alyiat atyok bya alyiak —awot nyia anyiuk ba a fwat mba mi akeang kani.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gamble |first=Sarah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JKAUXu9vpn0C |title=The Routledge Companion to Feminism and Postfeminism |date=2001 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-24310-0 |pages=VII |chapter=Introduction |orig-date=1998}}</ref> Nyia kokari di shsi kyang hu ni si kwuwat jhya atazwa shim vwon byin mang mban fang, acucuk, mang mamaki aka wat mang kyang anyiuk na shyia ani. ==Yafang== [[Sa:Feminizi̠m ma̠ng Tashikum/2026]] 9zqp3qb02c8022iaqw6u6xur1bktoaz 0 6971 49245 41861 2026-08-22T18:32:05Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49245 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ca̱caat|[[Taada si̱ Afi̱rika/Ca̱crak|Ca̱crak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[Taada si̱ Afi̱rika/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[Taada si̱ Afi̱rika/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[Taada si̱ Afi̱rika/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ta̱kad|[[Taada si̱ Afi̱rika/Ta̱kad|Ta̱kad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tuku|[[Taada si̱ Afi̱rika/Tuku|Tuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} [[File:All Gizah Pyramids.jpg|thumb|The [[Giza pyramid complex|Great Pyramids of Giza]], Egypt]] [[File:Traditional male dancers from Northern Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Traditional male dancers from Northern Nigeria]] [[File:Castle of Good Hope, Cape Town 01.jpg|thumb|Gateway to the [[Castle of Good Hope]] in South Africa]] [[File:Amani-TT4798.jpg|thumb| [[Tingatinga (painting)|Tingatinga]] is one of the most widely represented forms of paintings in Tanzania, Kenya and neighbouring countries.]] [[File:Sabuwar Kofa - Kano City Gate.jpg|thumb|[[Ancient Kano City Walls]], Nigeria]] [[File:Cultural apparel.jpg|thumb|Display of African cultural apparel (smock)]] The '''taada si Africa''' a shia dabam asi si vwuon, sabo mang yat hu nang ncontry na nshi akpa ani nbyeang aniet ma didit koyan kwan nbyia ba ndan mang hali ba nbyeang kyeang nbwak mang continent asi [[Africa]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Culture - Rich, diverse culture across the vast continent |url=https://www.victoriafalls-guide.net/african-culture.html |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=www.victoriafalls-guide.net}}</ref> ku yet kyeang wha ku bai ku si kao akpa aniet ka de cyeang sisa mang continent asi Africa nbyeang [[African diaspora]]. Kakab mang anyia, Taada ana iya fasara gu nang kwok aniet asi ba byia atan hali mang mang nkyeang ba na asi nat mang mba kpa aniet ani.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saigo |first=Heather |date=21 November 2023 |title=Characteristics of Culture {{!}} Overview & Examples |url=https://study.com/learn/lesson/characteristics-culture-overview-examples-significance.html#:~:text=Culture%20is%20considered%20the%20complex,symbolic,%20integrated,%20and%20dynamic. |access-date=13 July 2025 |website=study.com}}</ref> nkyeang na ni nyia yet kaidodi, acyiet ka yet ani, shim ba hu, lyian nba hu, nyia nba hu, iya ba hu, nbyeang nkyeang jyiang na yet atan kyeang nang aniet asi avwuo na iya nyia ani.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Burnett Tylor.|first=Edward|title=Primitive Culture|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1871}}</ref> Taada yet yat hu nang rayuwa asi aniet ma vwuo ba ndi ani. Africa byia nkyeang ma didit Kakab a kayat avwuo ka nkyeang manag ani lilem alyiat nba hu, nkiyak, biyat, kwii nkyeang, song ba ji mang bubom nba hu. Duk mang ania, kuzang can ma ka vwuo si Africa byia nkyeang na cyia ba vwuon Mang akum avwuo si Dunia hu ani. Masamang, nyia si taada nba, kwii nba hu, hali, kwai nfwuo, bang kyeang nbwak, nbyeang [[Aesthetics|aesthetic]] values all contribute to various African cultures.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Idang|first=Gabriel E|date=2015|title=African culture and values|url=http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1561-40182015000200006|journal=Phronimon|volume=16|access-date=2026-03-31|archive-date=2024-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240702124325/https://scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1561-40182015000200006|url-status=dead}}</ref> Expressions of culture are abundant within Africa, with large amounts of cultural diversity<ref>{{Cite book|last=Diller|first=Jerry V.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ISpAwAAQBAJ&q=cultural+diversity+meaning|title=Cultural Diversity: A Primer for the Human Services|date=2013-12-31|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=978-1-305-17753-6|language=en}}</ref> asi shia mang kuzang avwuo ma swat atachia hu nbyeang ma ba nchung akavwuo. Duk mang akavwuo ma didit, taada nba hu si kai kuzang avwuo,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brittner |first=Thomas |date=21 November 2023 |title=African Ethnicity {{!}} Overview, Population & Tribes |url=https://study.com/academy/lesson/ethnic-groups-in-africa.html#:~:text=A%20Diverse%20Africa,-Many%20people%20have&text=There%20are%20over%203,000%20different,specific%20to%20their%20ethnic%20group. |access-date=13 July 2025 |website=study.com}}</ref> nba ma nbyeang, si nat kpankpaan mang meayam, ku si nang ku naat yet kyeang nyung wa ani; de kidee, a hali ba nang ba bang ani, cat ba hu mang biyaya si taada, si nat biyaya ji nang ba byia mang Jen ji ani nbyeang yet atan hu, i.e. [[Monarchies in Africa|kings]] and chiefs.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Falola |first=Toyin |title=The power of African cultures |url=https://archive.org/details/powerofafricancu0000falo |date=2003 |publisher=University of Rochester Press |isbn=978-1-58046-139-9 |location=Rochester, NY |language=English |oclc=52341386}}</ref> Africa ka nwuo asi ma nwuo nba ma kavwuo ma didit ma swat atachia hu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gaye |first=Mamadou |date=1998 |title=Western Influences and Activities in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45197784 |journal=Journal of Third World Studies |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=65–78 |jstor=45197784 |issn=8755-3449}}</ref> si hu ni wa na yet byia fwuo de nyia nkyeang na na shai ani a lan yat hu ba na ngyong ma ninand nba ba de kwii taada nba hu. Asi [[Westernization|Westernized]] aniet ma dadai, si kwii kyeang si [[American culture]] nbyeang [[Christianity]], ba si fara foo taada si Africa nwap taada, ama mang nbyeang si Africa [[nationalism]], ayataada nba ba si bwook abai. Alyiak agomnati si [[Africa]]n asi dunia si yong yat hu nang a na nbai mang song mang bubom da kpa, museums, nbyeang ma ba didai meayam, aniet nyia ba mang aniet lyuut ba.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Berger|first1=Peter L.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ddb85eMnEVUC&q=Africa+has+influenced+and+been+influenced+by+other+continents.+This+can+be+portrayed+in+the+willingness+to+adapt+to+the+ever-changing+modern+world+rather+than+staying+rooted+to+their+static+culture.+The+Westernized+few,+persuaded+by+American+culture+and+Ch&pg=PP11|title=Many Globalizations: Cultural Diversity in the Contemporary World|last2=Huntington|first2=Samuel P.|date=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-516882-2|language=en}}</ref> 90% to 95% of Africa's cultural heritage is held outside of Africa by large museums.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nayeri |first=Farah |date=2018-11-21 |title=Museums in France Should Return African Treasures, Report Says |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/21/arts/design/france-museums-africa-savoy-sarr-report.html |access-date=2022-10-04 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In a [[BBC]] report on defining factors of identity, "50-60% of British black African/Caribbean respondents, ba shim nang shim nba hu nnyia nkyeang ma didit, shyi asi aya kpa nba na. A ba didai nwan asi ‘black’ ma nang ‘identifier’ ku ‘ethnicity’ ba mang foo taada ji mang yat hu nang ji nvwuon ma kpa aniet ka, ku si bu foo yat hu nang akavwuo ngyeang nnyia ani…. Ka zi Kwan zi li nang zi hyia yat hu nang taada si Africa ji ndi na nbyeang avwuo ka nang ji nkwut ani, yakamata si lyen yat hu nang zi nwan abandang nkyeang Mang yat hu nang zi hada a ba nchuang akavwuo aka kyeang nang ba Kwan ba li nang ba shia yenchi nba ani nbyeang taada nbyeang kwan mang lyuut.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BAME We're Not the Same: Black African |url=https://www.bbc.com/creativediversity/nuance-in-bame/black-african/bbc.com/creativediversity/nuance-in-bame/black-african/ |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>” Taada si Africa, asi a neet mang swat atachia si Africa,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=The Los Angeles Times 07 Sep 1994, page Page 80 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/159242631/ |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en}}</ref> ba si byia nkyeang ma didit alan asi [[African-American culture|Black culture]],<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Southern Illinoisan 11 Apr 1993, page Page 11 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/82591538/ |access-date=2023-06-20 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en}}</ref> which originated by [[African Americans]] mang United States baya nang ba fak wahalla ma kavwuo ma didit mang taada si Africa baya tam yet aya akwho. ==Yafang== [[Sa:Feminizi̠m ma̠ng Tashikum/2026]] 29izhj25bc86g51c3eflg750c5va39b 0 6984 49229 49156 2026-08-22T18:25:45Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49229 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ca̱caat|[[Ga̱si̱pat Yangga/Ca̱crak|Ca̱crak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[Ga̱si̱pat Yangga/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[Ga̱si̱pat Yangga/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[Ga̱si̱pat Yangga/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ta̱kad|[[Ga̱si̱pat Yangga/Ta̱kad|Ta̱kad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tuku|[[Ga̱si̱pat Yangga/Tuku|Tuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} '''Ga̱si̱pat Yangga''' ku '''Gaspar Yanga''' (byin 1545),<ref name="bpast">[http://www.blackpast.org/gah/yanga-gaspar-c-1545#sthash.GsJ8EyXY.dpuf Luis Camilla, "Gaspar Yanga"], Black Past, á̱ khwuk a̱tuk mam 10 Zwat Swak na̱ng Sweang 2014</ref> á̱ tsa bu mi̱ ngyei '''Yangga''' ku '''Nyangga''' a̱ni, ku yet a̱tyu fam A̱ka̱wa̱tyia̱ Afi̱rika wa, a̱nyan wa ku kwak a̱sorong [[A̱marun]] ka̱ yet Á̱nietafi̱rika ba̱ yet á̱khwo a̱ni a̱son nat a̱za̱fan ka kpa̱mkpaan ma̱ng a̱keang Veraki̱rut, Si̱pen Swai di̱n jen tyok ta̱wap-a̱byin A̱si̱pen ji. Ma̱ a̱lyia̱ 1609, Yangga si̱ yet a̱kwak a̱son tyeizat a̱ si̱ swuocet A̱si̱pen ba nang ba̱ ku nwuo ma̱ mba da̱ a̱vwuonswat A̱marun ka a̱ni. Di̱n vak kai á̱ghyang ma̱ng a̱ca̱cet á̱nieta̱wap-a̱byin ba, Yangga (ku á̱ka̱mbwon nggu na) si̱ shyia̱ A̱marun ba swat ma̱ sa̱t ma̱ng a̱wat tyok á̱pyia̱ mba ka tsi̱tsak a̱lyia̱ 1618 ma̱ng 1641. A̱keang ka á̱ si̱ ngyei San Lorenzo de los Negros, a̱wot kikya si̱ yet a̱keang bibyin A̱merika ka ka̱ tsa shyia̱ swat sa̱t a̱ni.<ref name="proctor2009">{{cite book |last1=Proctor |first1=Frank |editor1-last=Vinson III |editor1-first=Ben |editor2-last=Restall |editor2-first=Matthew |title=Black Mexico: Race and Society from Colonial to Modern Times |url=https://archive.org/details/blackmexicoraces0000unse |date=2009 |publisher=University of New Mexico Press |isbn=978-0-8263-4701-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/blackmexicoraces0000unse/page/24 24]&ndash;27 |chapter=Slave Rebellion and Liberty in Colonial Mexico}}</ref><ref name="Rowell2008">{{cite journal |first=Charles Henry |last=Rowell |title=El Primer Libertador de las Americas: Editor's Notes |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_callaloo_winter-2008_31_1/page/n6 |journal=Callaloo |volume=31 |issue=1 |year=2008 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1353/cal.0.0003 |s2cid=161778820 }}</ref><ref name="AfricaAmericas">Curto, José C. and Renée Soulodre-LaFrance. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=LmFyGzpUS5oC&dq=gaspar+yanga&pg=PA176 Africa and the Americas]''. Africa World Press: Trenton, New Jersey. 2005. ng. 174-177.</ref> ==A̱ya̱fang== {{reflist}} [[Sa:Byin 1545]] bgclq2nlp8611hbbz06fvt0yo4kd1tv 0 7632 49231 43112 2026-08-22T18:26:26Z InternetArchiveBot 45 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260822)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 49231 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tyap-Maba̱ta̱do|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Maba̱ta̱do]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ca̱caat|[[Pari̱si (a̱lyem)/Ca̱crak|Ca̱crak]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Fantswam|[[Pari̱si (a̱lyem)/Fantswam|Fantswam]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Gworog|[[Pari̱si (a̱lyem)/Gworog|Gworog]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Sholyia̱|[[Pari̱si (a̱lyem)/Sholyia̱|Sholyia̱]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Ta̱kad|[[Pari̱si (a̱lyem)/Ta̱kad|Ta̱kad]]}} {{Zwa-a̱lyiat-Tuku|[[Pari̱si (a̱lyem)/Tuku|Tuku]]}} {{2}} {{A̱lyem Maba̱ta̱do|a̱lyem=Maba̱ta̱do}} {{Databox}} {{Contains special characters|Perso-Arabic}} A̱lyem '''Pari̱si''' ka, á̱ bu ngyei ma̱ng a̱lyoot A̱pari̱si ka, '''Fari̱si''' ku '''Pari̱si''' a̱ni,{{efn|{{lang|fa|فارسی}}, Fārsī {{IPA|fa|fɒːɾˈsiː||Farsi.ogg}} ku {{lang|fa|پارسی}}, Pārsī {{IPA|fa|pʰɒːɾˈsiː|}}}} yet a̱lyem Iran Jenshyung kya ka̱ shyia̱ mi̱ sa lilyem Iran ji ma̱ a̱basot Ndo-Iran ka a̱si̱ lilyem Ndo-Yurop hu. Pari̱si yet [[a̱lyem pi̱lurisenti̱rik]] kya nang á̱ lyiat á̱ bu si̱ nnyia̱ ta̱m ma̱ng a̱nka nang a̱lyem a̱gwomna̱ti mi̱ bibyin [[Iran]], [[A̱fganistan|A̱fi̱ganisi̱tan]], ma̱ng [[Tajikisi̱tan]] mi̱ zwá-a̱lyem tsat nang á̱nietlyiat ba fwuong á̱ghyang a̱ni, nang á̱ ngyei Pari̱si Iran (a̱lyem a̱gwomna̱ti á̱ bu ngyei ''Pari̱si'' a̱ni),<ref>{{cite web |title=Persian, Iranian |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/pes |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105062922/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/pes |archive-date=5 Zwat Jhyiung 2022 |access-date=25 Zwat Sweang 2021 |work=Ethnologue}}</ref><ref name="ISO">{{cite web |url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/fas |title=639 Identifier Documentation: fas |publisher=Sil.org |access-date=25 Zwat Sweang 2021 |archive-date=16 Zwat Sweang 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216202338/https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/fas |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran |url=https://en.parliran.ir/eng/en/Constitution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027004409/https://en.parliran.ir/eng/en/Constitution |archive-date=27 October 2016 |access-date=18 Zwat Jhyiung 2022 |website=Islamic Parliament of Iran}}</ref> Pari̱si Dari (a̱lyem a̱gwomna̱ti á̱ bu ngyei ''Dari'' neet ma̱ a̱lyia̱ 1964),<ref name="Olesen">{{cite book |first=Asta |last=Olesen |title=Islam and Politics in Afghanistan |volume=3 |publisher=Psychology Press |year=1995 |page=205 |quote=Á̱ si̱ ta̱bat ghyun a̱lyem Pashi̱to ka á̱ kai a̱lyem Pari̱si ka – nang á̱ ku nyia̱ ta̱m ma̱ng a̱nka gbangbang da̱ a̱ka̱vwuotyiet ma̱ng a̱gwomna̱ti ba á̱ ghwon (...) – a̱wot á̱ si̱ tsa nyia̱ ta̱m ma̱ng swanga̱lyiat ji 'Dari' ji̱ fa tangka̱i a̱lyem Pari̱si hu á̱ lyiat mi̱ Afi̱ganisi̱tan a̱ni, á̱ si̱ kpaat a̱gwomna̱ti ba si̱ ba̱ kpaat a̱lyoot a̱kya ma̱ a̱lyia̱ 1958.}}</ref> ma̱ng Pari̱si Tajiki (a̱lyem a̱gwomna̱ti á̱ bu ngyei ''Tajik'' neet ma̱ a̱lyia̱ 1999 a̱ni).<ref name=siddikzoda2002>Siddikzoda, S. "Tajik Language: Farsi or not Farsi?" in ''Media Insight Central Asia #27'', Zwat A̱ni̱nai 2002.</ref><ref name="Baker">{{cite book |last=Baker |first=Mona |title=Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ewBfSBo8rRsC |year=2001 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-415-25517-2 |page=518 |quote=A̱mgba̱m nkyang nani si̱ byiam nta̱m bwan-a̱lyem ma̱ a̱byin Pari̱siya, na̱ si̱ ghyuai shi a̱lyem hu a̱zaghyi bibyin swanta hu. A̱bung a̱kya si̱ bu kwon da̱ nkyang ma̱ a̱di̱di̱t a̱fwun, nang cat bwuo a̱meang tsi̱tsak Pari̱si A̱siya A̱ka̱wa̱tyia̱, nang a̱byin Badundung Soviyet ka ku shai a̱lyoot ka tyia̱ Tajiki a̱ni, ma̱ng lilyem Uzi̱bek mbeang Roshya, a̱wot á̱ si̱ kin mbyia̱ a̱guguut jhyuk nkyang a̱lyem ma̱ a̱byin Iran a̱ ku sang a̱di̱dam tazwa a̱lyiat nggu na ma̱ng nkyang na na̱ na khwi lyilyim tazwa a̱lyem ka a̱ni. |access-date=20 Zwat A̱taa 2015 |archive-date=2 Zwat Swak 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002103438/https://books.google.com/books?id=ewBfSBo8rRsC |url-status=live}}</ref> A̱tajik ba̱ shyia̱ a̱byin Uzi̱bekisi̱tan bu lyiat zwa-a̱lyem Tajik ji a̱ja,<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{cite book |first=Lena |last=Jonson |year=2006 |title=Tajikistan in the new Central Asia |url=https://archive.org/details/bwb_S0-BXM-049 |page=[https://archive.org/details/bwb_S0-BXM-049/page/108 108]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Cordell |first=Karl |url=https://archive.org/details/ethnicitydemocra0000unse_y7f7 |title=Ethnicity and Democratisation in the New Europe |publisher=Routledge |year=1998 |isbn=0415173124 |page=201 |quote=Mat a̱nia, la̱mba mman-a̱byin na̱ nwuan á̱pyia̱-mba nang A̱tajik a̱ni si̱ vwuoa̱khwu lyen. A̱tajik ba̱ shyia̱ a̱mami ma̱ng a̱ta̱usa ga̱maá̱niet hu, á̱nietbyia̱lyen Yunuvasi̱ti A̱byin Samari̱kan (SamGU) ma̱ng á̱nietlyiat bibyin nta ku nwuak shim ghyang nyia̱ ka̱ta̱i á̱ byia̱ A̱tajik nang ka̱ doot ba̱ shyia̱ tsi̱tsak milyon a̱taa ma̱ng a̱natat ma̱ a̱byin Uzi̱bekisi̱tan, ba̱ bai a̱kpa 30 mami á̱niet milyon nswak-nfeang ma̱ng a̱feang ga̱maá̱niet hu, da̱ a̱kwonu á̱ byia̱ la̱mba a̱gwomna̱ti si̱ a̱kpa 4.7 (Foltz 1996:213; Carlisle 1995:88).}}</ref> mbeang mi̱ nfam jhyang na̱ byia̱ nkhang ma̱ng Pari̱siya di̱ fam taada A̱gba̱ndang Iran hu a̱ni. A̱gwomna̱ti ba lyuut nka mi̱ bibyin Iaran ma̱ng A̱fi̱ganisi̱tan ma̱ng zwunzwuo-a̱lyem Pari̱siya ji ja, a̱ka̱mbwon lyuut A̱rap ka, a̱wot a̱mi Tajikisi̱tan á̱ lyuut nka ma̱ng zwunzwuo-a̱lyem Tajik ja, a̱ka̱mbwon lyuut Kirilut hu. ==Lyuut-a̱tatak== {{notelist}} ==A̱ya̱fang== {{reflist}} [[Sa:Lilyem Ndo–Yurop]] [[Sa:Iran]] 8shyr13s2g6pg7t57r6gy2chlw6prr0