Wikipidiya kgewiki https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipidiya:Garang MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.7 first-letter Sarana Usus Rombakan Pamakay Rombakan Pamakay Wikipidiya Rombakan Wikipidiya Bondol Rombakan Bondol MediaWiki Rombakan MediaWiki Citakan Rombakan Citakan Katulungan Rombakan Katulungan Kaban Rombakan Kaban TimedText TimedText talk Modul Pembicaraan Modul Acara Pembicaraan Acara 10 16 38217 43 2026-06-21T08:21:56Z Àncilu 1583 [[Usus:LintErrors/stripped-tag]]$ 38217 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox generic | name =Afrika | state = | bodyclass = hlist | title = [[Afrika]] | image = | list1 = [[Algeria]] · [[Angola]] · [[Benin]] · [[Botswana]] · [[Burkina Faso]] · [[Burundi]] · [[Centra Afrika Republika]] · [[Chad]] · [[Côte d'Ivoire]] · [[Comoros]] · [[Demo-krati Natio Kongo]] · [[Republika de Kongo]] · [[Djibouti]] · [[Misre]] · [[Eqatora Guinea]] · [[Eritrea]] · [[Eswatini]] · [[Ethiopia]] · [[Gabon]] · [[Gambia]] · [[Ghana]] · [[Guiné]] · [[Guinea-Bissau]] · [[Kamerun]] · [[Kapo Verde]] · [[Kenya]] · [[Lesotho]] · [[Liberia]] · [[Libia]] · [[Madagascar]] · [[Malawi]] · [[Mali]] · [[Mauritania]] · [[Moris]] · [[Magrib]] · [[Mozambique]] · [[Namibia]] · [[Niger]] · [[Nigeria]] · [[Rwanda]] · [[São Tomé e Príncipe]] · [[Senegal]] · [[Seychelles]] · [[Sierra Leone]] · [[Somalia]] · [[Sud Afrika]] · [[Sud Sudan]] · [[Sudan]] · [[Tanzania]] · [[Togo]] · [[Tunisia]] · [[Uganda]] · [[Zambia]] · [[Zimbabwe]] }} <noinclude></noinclude> dqg3i2twetrlklnjszwk0hk8dhcbhi1 0 232 38157 37757 2026-06-20T19:52:37Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Opsi berkas bogus 38157 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox language" style="background; width:200px; text-align:left; font-size: 95%;" |+ style="font-size: larger;" | '''Huruf Batak'''<br/>'''ᯘᯮᯒᯖ᯲ ᯅᯖᯂ᯲<br/>''Surat Batak'' | |- class= | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | '''Gambar''' [[Bondol:Surat Batak.svg|500px|jmpl|Tulisan '''Surat Batak''' sai titulis dilom huruf Batak varian Batak Toba]] |- | '''Basa''' | [[Rumpun basa Batak|Batak]] |- | '''Arah Penulisan''' | Kiri guk Kanan |- | '''Jenis Huruf''' | [[Abugida]] |- | '''Pencipta''' | - |- | '''Status''' | Lokok tipakay |- | '''Periode''' | Abad ke-15-Ganta |- | '''Unicode''' | [https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1BC0.pdf <code>U+1BC0</code>–<code>U+1BFF</code>] |- |} '''Aksara Batak''' atawa '''Surat Batak''' joda da aksara say tipakay untuk nulis rumpun-rumpun Basa Batak di [[Sumatera Utara]] say lamon macom na di tiyap rumpun Basa Batak. == Huruf == {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; margin:auto; clear:both; margin:0; font-size:90%;" |- | colspan="24" style="background:#ccf; text-align:center;"|'''Surat (Huruf dasar)''' |-style="text-align:center;" | style="width:10%; text-align:center;"|'''IPA''' | a | ha | ka | ba | pa | na | wa | ga | dʒa | da | ra | ma | ta | sa | ja | ŋa | la | ɲa | tʃa | nda | mba | i | u |-style="text-align:center;" | style="width:10%; text-align:center;"|'''Transkripsi''' | a | ha | ka | ba | pa | na | wa | ga | ja | da | ra | ma | ta | sa | ya | nga | la | nya | ca | nda | mba | i | u |- style="length:20%;" | style="width:10%; text-align:center;"|'''Karo''' | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak A-1, Ha.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak A-1, Ha.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ha]] | align="center" | [[Bondol:Batak Ha-1, Ka-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ka]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Ba-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ba]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Pa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | align="center" rowspan="5"|[[Bondol:Batak Na.svg|30px|link=|alt=Na]]{{ref|1|1}} | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Wa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wa]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ga-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ga]] | align="center" rowspan="5"|[[Bondol:Batak Ja.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ja]] | align="center" rowspan="5"|[[Bondol:Batak Da.svg|30px|link=|alt=Da]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ra-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ra]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ma-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ma]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ta-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Sa-1, Ca-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Sa]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Ya-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ya]] | align="center" rowspan="5"|[[Bondol:Batak Nga.svg|30px|link=|alt=Nga]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak La-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=La]] | | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ca-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ca]]{{ref|5|5}} | rowspan="4"| |rowspan="4"| | align="center" rowspan="5"|[[Bondol:Batak I.svg|30px|link=|alt=I]] | align="center" rowspan="5"|[[Bondol:Batak U.svg|30px|link=|alt=I]] |- style="length:10%;" | style="width:10%; text-align:center;"|'''Mandailing''' | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak A-1, Ha.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]] | align="center" | [[Bondol:Batak Ha-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ha]] | align="center" | [[Bondol:Batak Ka-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ka]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Ba-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ba]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Pa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Wa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wa]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ga-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ga]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ra-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ra]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ma-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ma]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ta-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Sa-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Sa]]{{ref|4|4}} | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Ya-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ya]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak La-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=La]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Ca-2, Nya.svg|30px|link=|alt=Nya]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ca-4.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ca]] |-style="length:10%;" | style="width:10%; text-align:center;"|'''Pakpak''' | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak A-1, Ha.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak A-1, Ha.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ha]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ha-1, Ka-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ka]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Ba-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ba]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Pa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Wa-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wa]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ga-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ga]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ra-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ra]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ma-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ma]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ta-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Sa-1, Ca-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Sa]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Ya-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ya]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak La-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=La]] | | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Sa-1, Ca-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ca]] |-style="length:10%;" | style="width:10%; text-align:center;"|'''Toba''' | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak A-1, Ha.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]] | align="center" | [[Bondol:Batak Ha-1, Ka-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ha]] | align="center" | [[Bondol:Batak Ha-1, Ka-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ka]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Ba-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ba]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Pa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Wa-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wa]]{{ref|2|2}} | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ga-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ga]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ra-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ra]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ma-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ma]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ta-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]]{{ref|3|3}} | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Sa-1, Ca-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Sa]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Ya-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ya]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak La-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=La]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Ca-2, Nya.svg|30px|link=|alt=Nya]] | align="center" rowspan="2" | |-style="length:10%;" | style="width:10%; text-align:center;"|'''Simalungun''' | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak A-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]] | align="center" | [[Bondol:Batak Ha-2, Ka-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ha]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ha-2, Ka-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ka]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Ba-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ba]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Pa-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Wa-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wa]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Ga-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ga]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Ra-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ra]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ma-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ma]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ta-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Sa-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Sa]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ya-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ya]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak La-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=La]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Ca-2, Nya.svg|30px|link=|alt=Nya]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Nda.svg|30px|link=|alt=Nda]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Mba-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Mba]]{{ref|6|6}} |} <small> Bontuk alternatif: <br> {{note|1|1}} [[Bondol:Batak Na-2.svg|20px|link=|alt=Na]] (used in Mandailing) {{note|2|2}} [[Bondol:Batak Wa-1.svg|20px|link=|alt=Wa]] {{note|3|3}} [[Bondol:Batak Ta-1.svg|20px|link=|alt=Ta]] {{note|4|4}} [[Bondol:Batak Sa-2.svg|20px|link=|alt=Sa]] {{note|5|5}} [[Bondol:Batak Ca-2, Nya.svg|20px|link=|alt=Ca]] {{note|6|6}} [[Bondol:Batak Ba-1.svg|20px|link=|alt=Mba]] </small> {| class="wikitable" summary="Diyakritik Batak" |- ! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Latin{{br}}[[Transliterasi|Trans.]] ! scope="col" colspan="5" style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | Diyakritik Batak | scope="col" rowspan="11" style="border-top:#aaaaaa hidden; border-bottom:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Latin{{br}}Trans. ! scope="col" colspan="5" style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | Diyakritik Batak rik {{IPA|/ka/}} |- ! scope="col" style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | Karo ! scope="col" | Mand. ! scope="col" | Pakp. ! scope="col" | Sima. ! scope="col" | Toba ! scope="col" style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | Karo ! scope="col" | Mand. ! scope="col" | Pakp. ! scope="col" | Sima. ! scope="col" | Toba |- align="left" ! scope="row" | -a | style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | | | | | ! scope="row" | ka | style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | [[Bondol:Batak Ha-1, Ka-1.svg|33px|link=|alt=Ka]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ka-3.svg|33px|link=|alt=Ka]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ha-1, Ka-1.svg|33px|link=|alt=Ka]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ha-2, Ka-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ka]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ha-1, Ka-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ka]] |- align="center" ! scope="row" | -e | style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | [[Bondol:Batak sign E-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-E]]<hr>[[Bondol:Batak sign E-2.svg|40px|link=|alt=-E]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign E-2.svg|40px|link=|alt=-E]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign E-3, O-2.svg|40px|link=|alt=-E]]<hr>[[Bondol:Batak sign E-2.svg|40px|link=|alt=-E]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign E-2.svg|40px|link=|alt=-E]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign E-2.svg|40px|link=|alt=-E]] ! scope="row" | ke | style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | [[Bondol:Batak Ke-3.png|40px|link=|alt=Ke]]<hr>[[Bondol:Batak Ke-1.png|40px|link=|alt=Ke]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ke (Mandailing).png|40px|link=|alt=Ke]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ke-2, Ko-2.png|40px|link=|alt=Ke]]<hr>[[Bondol:Batak Ke-1.png|40px|link=|alt=Ke]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ke (Simalungun).png|40px|link=|alt=Ke]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ke-1.png|40px|link=|alt=Ke]] |- align="center" ! scope="row" | -i | style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | [[Bondol:Batak sign I-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-I]]<hr>[[Bondol:Batak sign I-2.svg|40px|link=|alt=-I]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign I-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-I]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign I-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-I]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign I-2.svg|40px|link=|alt=-I]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign I-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-I]] ! scope="row" | ki | style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | [[Bondol:Batak Ki-1.png|40px|link=|alt=Ki]]<hr>[[Bondol:Batak Ki-2.png|40px|link=|alt=Ki]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ki (Mandailing).png|40px|link=|alt=Ki]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ki-1.png|40px|link=|alt=Ki]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ki (Simalungun).png|40px|link=|alt=Ki]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ki-1.png|40px|link=|alt=Ki]] |- align="center" ! scope="row" | -o | style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | [[Bondol:Batak sign E-3, O-2.svg|40px|link=|alt=-O]]<hr>[[Bondol:Batak sign O-3.svg|40px|link=|alt=-O]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign O-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-O]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign O-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-O]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign O-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-O]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign O-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-O]] ! scope="row" | ko | style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | [[Bondol:Batak Ke-2, Ko-2.png|40px|link=|alt=Ko]]<hr>[[Bondol:Batak Ko-3.png|40px|link=|alt=Ko]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ko (Mandailing).png|40px|link=|alt=Ko]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ko-1, Ku-1.png|40px|link=|alt=Ko]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ko (Simalungun).png|40px|link=|alt=Ko]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ko-1, Ku-1.png|40px|link=|alt=Ko]] |- align="center" ! scope="row" | -ou | style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | | | | [[Bondol:Batak sign Ou.svg|40px|link=|alt=-Ou]] | ! scope="row" | kou | style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | | | | [[Bondol:Batak Kou (Simalungun).png|40px|link=|alt=Kou]] | |- align="center" ! scope="row" | -u | style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | [[Bondol:Batak sign O-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-U]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|40px|link=|alt=-U]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|40px|link=|alt=-U]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|40px|link=|alt=-U]] | [[Bondol:Bataksign U.svg|40px|link=|alt=-U]] ! scope="row" | ku | style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | [[Bondol:Batak Ko-1, Ku-1.png|40px|link=|alt=Ku]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ku (Mandailing).png|40px|link=|alt=Ku]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ku-2.png|40px|link=|alt=Ku]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ku (Simalungun).png|40px|link=|alt=Ku]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ku-2.png|40px|link=|alt=Ku]] |- align="center" ! scope="row" | -ng | style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | [[Bondol:Batak sign Ng.svg|40px|link=|alt=-Ng]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign Ng.svg|40px|link=|alt=-Ng]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign Ng.svg|40px|link=|alt=-Ng]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign Ng.svg|40px|link=|alt=-Ng]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign Ng.svg|40px|link=|alt=-Ng]] ! scope="row" | kang | style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | [[Bondol:Batak Kang.png|40px|link=|alt=Kang]] | [[Bondol:Batak Kang (Mandailing).png|40px|link=|alt=Kang]] | [[Bondol:Batak Kang.png|40px|link=|alt=Kang]] | [[Bondol:Batak Kang (Simalungun).png|40px|link=|alt=Kang]] | [[Bondol:Batak Kang.png|40px|link=|alt=Kang]] |- align="center" ! scope="row" | -h | style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | [[Bondol:Batak sign H.svg|40px|link=|alt=-H]] | | [[Bondol:Batak sign H.svg|40px|link=|alt=-H]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign H.svg|40px|link=|alt=-H]] | ! scope="row" | kah | style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | [[Bondol:Batak Kah.png|40px|link=|alt=Kah]] | | [[Bondol:Batak Kah.png|40px|link=|alt=Kah]] | [[Bondol:Batak Kah (Simalungun).png|40px|link=|alt=Kah]] | |- align="center" ! scope="row" | – | style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | [[Bondol:Batak sign mute-2.svg|40px|link=|alt=-]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign mute-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign mute-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign mute-2.svg|40px|link=|alt=-]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign mute-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-]] ! scope="row" | k | style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | [[Bondol:Batak K-1 (Karo).svg|33px|link=|alt=K]] | [[Bondol:Batak K-4 (Mandailing).svg|48px|link=|alt=K]] | [[Bondol:Batak K-3 (Toba, Pakpak).svg|36px|link=|alt=K]] | [[Bondol:Batak K-2 (Simalungun).svg|36px|link=|alt=K]] | [[Bondol:Batak K-3 (Toba, Pakpak).svg|36px|link=|alt=K]] |} {| summary="Ligatures with -U" |- | valign="top" | {| class="wikitable" summary="Ligatur rik -U (Part 1)" |- ! scope="col" colspan="5" | Huruf Batak ! scope="col" | Jabaran |- | [[Bondol:Batak A-1, Ha.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak U-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]]&nbsp; | a + -u = u |- | [[Bondol:Batak A-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak U-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=U]] | a + -u = u (Simalungun) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Ha-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ha]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Hu-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Hu]]&nbsp; | ha + -u = hu (Mandailing) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Ha-2, Ka-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ha]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Ku (Simalungun).png|35px|link=|alt=Hu]]&nbsp; | ha + -u = hu (Simalungun) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Ha-1, Ka-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ha]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Ku-2.png|35px|link=|alt=Hu]]&nbsp; | ha + -u = hu |- | [[Bondol:Batak Ka-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ka]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Ku (Mandailing).png|40px|link=|alt=Ku]]&nbsp; | ka + -u = ku (Mandailing) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Ba-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ba]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Bu-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Bu]]&nbsp; | ba + -u = bu |- | [[Bondol:Batak Pa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=P]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Pu-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pu]]&nbsp; | pa + -u = pu (Mandailing) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Pa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Pu-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pu]]&nbsp; | pa + -u = pu (Pakpak, Toba) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Pa-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Pu-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pu]]&nbsp; | pa + -u = pu (Simalungun) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Na.svg|30px|link=|alt=Na]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Nu-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Nu]]&nbsp; | na + -u = nu |- | [[Bondol:Batak Na-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Na]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Nu-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Nu]]&nbsp; | na + -u = nu (Mandailing) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Wa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wa]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Wu-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wu]]&nbsp; | wa + -u = wu (Mandailing, Toba) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Wa-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wa]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Wu-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wu]]&nbsp; | wa + -u = wu (Pakpak, Toba) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Wa-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wa]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Wu-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wu]]&nbsp; | wa + -u = wu (Simalungun) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Ga-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ga]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Gu-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Gu]]&nbsp; | ga + -u = gu |- | [[Bondol:Batak Ga-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ga]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Gu-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Gu]]&nbsp; | ga + -u = gu (Simalungun) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Ja.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ja]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Ju-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ju]]&nbsp; | ja + -u = ju |} | valign="top"| {| class="wikitable" summary="Ligatur rik -U (Part 2)" |- ! scope="col" colspan="5" | Huruf Batak ! scope="col" | Jabaran |- | [[Bondol:Batak Da.svg|30px|link=|alt=Da]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Du-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Du]]&nbsp; | da + -u = du |- | [[Bondol:Batak Ra-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ra]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Ru-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ru]]&nbsp; | ra + -u = ru |- | [[Bondol:Batak Ra-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ra]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Ru-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ru]]&nbsp; | ra + -u = ru (Simalungun) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Ma-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ma]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Mu-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Mu]]&nbsp; | ma + -u = mu |- | [[Bondol:Batak Ma-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ma]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Mu-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Mu]]&nbsp; | ma + -u = mu (Simalungun) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Ta-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Tu-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Tu]]&nbsp; | ta + -u = tu |- | [[Bondol:Batak Ta-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Tu-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Tu]]&nbsp; | ta + -u = tu |- | [[Bondol:Batak Sa-1, Ca-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Sa]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Su-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Su]]&nbsp; | sa + -u = su (Pakpak) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Sa-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Sa]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Su-4.svg|30px|link=|alt=Su]]&nbsp; | sa + -u = su (Mandailing) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Sa-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Sa]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Su-4.svg|30px|link=|alt=Su]]&nbsp; | sa + -u = su (Mandailing) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Sa-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Sa]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U for Simalungun Su.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Su-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Su]]&nbsp; | sa + -u = su (Simalungun) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Ya-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ya]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Yu-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Yu]]&nbsp; | ya + -u = yu |- | [[Bondol:Batak Ya-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ya]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Yu-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Yu]]&nbsp; | ya + -u = yu (Simalungun) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Nga.svg|30px|link=|alt=Nga]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Ngu-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ngu]]&nbsp; | nga + -u = ngu |- | [[Bondol:Batak La-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=La]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Lu-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Lu]]&nbsp; | la + -u = lu |- | [[Bondol:Batak La-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=La]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Lu-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Lu]]&nbsp; | la + -u = lu (Simalungun) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Ca-2, Nya.svg|30px|link=|alt=Nya]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Nyu-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Nyu]]&nbsp; | nya + -u = nyu |- | [[Bondol:Batak Ca-4.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ca]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Cu-4.svg|30px|link=|alt=Cu]]&nbsp; | ca + -u = cu (Mandailing) |} |} {| class="wikitable" summary="tompi" |- ! scope="col" | ha ! scope="col" style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ ! scope="col" | tompi ! scope="col" style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; ! scope="col" | ka ! scope="col" | sa ! scope="col" style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ ! scope="col" | tompi ! scope="col" style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; ! scope="col" | ca |- | rowspan=2 | [[Bondol:Batak Ha-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ha]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" rowspan=3 | &nbsp;+ | rowspan=2 |[[Bondol:Batak sign tompi.svg|33px|link=|alt=tompi]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" rowspan=3 | =&nbsp; | rowspan=2 |[[Bondol:Batak Ka-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]]&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Sa-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ha]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign tompi.svg|33px|link=|alt=tompi]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Ca-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]]&nbsp; |- | [[Bondol:Batak Sa-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ha]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign tompi.svg|33px|link=|alt=tompi]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Ca-4.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]]&nbsp; |} {| class="wikitable" summary="reordering" |- ! scope="col" | ta ! scope="col" style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+&nbsp; ! scope="col" | vokal ! scope="col" style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+&nbsp; ! scope="col" | pa ! scope="col" style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+&nbsp; ! scope="col" | pangolat ! scope="col" style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;=&nbsp; ! scope="col" | silabel |- align="center" | [[Bondol:Batak Ta-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | | | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | [[Bondol:Batak Pa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | [[Bondol:Batak sign mute-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=pangolat]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | = | [[Bondol:Batak syllable tap.svg|70px|link=|alt=Tap]] |- align="center" style="border-top:#aaaaaa hidden;" | ta | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | | | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | pa | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | pangolat | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | = | tap |- align="center" | [[Bondol:Batak Ta-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | [[Bondol:Batak sign E-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=-E]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | [[Bondol:Batak Pa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | [[Bondol:Batak sign mute-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=pangolat]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | = | [[Bondol:Batak syllable tep-2.svg|70px|link=|alt=Tep]] |- align="center" style="border-top:#aaaaaa hidden;" | ta | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | e | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | pa | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | pangolat | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | = | tep |- align="center" | [[Bondol:Batak Ta-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | [[Bondol:Batak sign E-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=-E]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | [[Bondol:Batak Pa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | [[Bondol:Batak sign mute-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=pangolat]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | = | [[Bondol:Batak syllable tep-1.svg|80px|link=|alt=Tep]] |- align="center" style="border-top:#aaaaaa hidden;" | ta | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | e | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | pa | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | pangolat | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | = | tep |- align="center" | [[Bondol:Batak Ta-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | [[Bondol:Batak sign I-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=-I]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | [[Bondol:Batak Pa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | [[Bondol:Batak sign mute-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=pangolat]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | = | [[Bondol:Batak syllable tip.svg|84px|link=|alt=Tip]] |- align="center" style="border-top:#aaaaaa hidden;" | ta | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | i | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | pa | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | pangolat | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | = | tip |- align="center" | [[Bondol:Batak Ta-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | [[Bondol:Batak sign O-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=-O]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | [[Bondol:Batak Pa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | [[Bondol:Batak sign mute-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=pangolat]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | = | [[Bondol:Batak syllable top.svg|86px|link=|alt=Top]] |- align="center" style="border-top:#aaaaaa hidden;" | ta | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | o | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | pa | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | pangolat | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | = | top |- align="center" | [[Bondol:Batak Ta-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | [[Bondol:Batak Pa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | [[Bondol:Batak sign mute-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=pangolat]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | = | [[Bondol:Batak syllable tup.svg|70px|link=|alt=Tup]] |- align="center" style="border-top:#aaaaaa hidden;" | ta | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | u | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | pa | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | pangolat | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | = | tup |} {| class="wikitable" summary="bindu" |- ! scope="col" | Cuntuh ! scope="col" | Golar ! scope="col" | Fungsi |- | [[Bondol:Batak bindu na metek-1.svg|pus|30px|link=|alt=bindu na metek]] |rowspan=2| Bindu na metek (bindu ronik) |rowspan=3| Ngamula'i paragraf atawa bait |- | [[Bondol:Batak bindu na metek-2.svg|pus|30px|link=|alt=bindu na metek]] |- | [[Bondol:Batak bindu pinarboras.svg|pus|30px|link=|alt=bindu pinarboras]] | Bindu panarboras (bindu pocak biyas) |- | [[Bondol:Batak bindu judul.svg|pus|30px|link=|alt=bindu judul]] | Bindu judul (bindu judul) | Misahko judul rik isi tulisan |- | [[Bondol:Batak bindu pangolat.svg|pus|30px|link=|alt=bindu pangolat]] | Bindu pangolat | Tanda tambahan |} [[Kaban:Aksara-Aksara]] qpb1dcq27zha6441trr3529xac5zcy2 38165 38157 2026-06-20T20:09:02Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38165 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox language" style="background; width:200px; text-align:left; font-size: 95%;" |+ style="font-size: larger;" | '''Huruf Batak'''<br/>'''ᯘᯮᯒᯖ᯲ ᯅᯖᯂ᯲'''<br/>''Surat Batak'' | |- class= | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | '''Gambar''' [[Bondol:Surat Batak.svg|500px|jmpl|Tulisan '''Surat Batak''' sai titulis dilom huruf Batak varian Batak Toba]] |- | '''Basa''' | [[Rumpun basa Batak|Batak]] |- | '''Arah Penulisan''' | Kiri guk Kanan |- | '''Jenis Huruf''' | [[Abugida]] |- | '''Pencipta''' | - |- | '''Status''' | Lokok tipakay |- | '''Periode''' | Abad ke-15-Ganta |- | '''Unicode''' | [https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1BC0.pdf <code>U+1BC0</code>–<code>U+1BFF</code>] |- |} '''Aksara Batak''' atawa '''Surat Batak''' joda da aksara say tipakay untuk nulis rumpun-rumpun Basa Batak di [[Sumatera Utara]] say lamon macom na di tiyap rumpun Basa Batak. == Huruf == {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; margin:auto; clear:both; margin:0; font-size:90%;" |- | colspan="24" style="background:#ccf; text-align:center;"|'''Surat (Huruf dasar)''' |-style="text-align:center;" | style="width:10%; text-align:center;"|'''IPA''' | a | ha | ka | ba | pa | na | wa | ga | dʒa | da | ra | ma | ta | sa | ja | ŋa | la | ɲa | tʃa | nda | mba | i | u |-style="text-align:center;" | style="width:10%; text-align:center;"|'''Transkripsi''' | a | ha | ka | ba | pa | na | wa | ga | ja | da | ra | ma | ta | sa | ya | nga | la | nya | ca | nda | mba | i | u |- style="length:20%;" | style="width:10%; text-align:center;"|'''Karo''' | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak A-1, Ha.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak A-1, Ha.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ha]] | align="center" | [[Bondol:Batak Ha-1, Ka-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ka]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Ba-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ba]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Pa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | align="center" rowspan="5"|[[Bondol:Batak Na.svg|30px|link=|alt=Na]]{{ref|1|1}} | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Wa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wa]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ga-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ga]] | align="center" rowspan="5"|[[Bondol:Batak Ja.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ja]] | align="center" rowspan="5"|[[Bondol:Batak Da.svg|30px|link=|alt=Da]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ra-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ra]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ma-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ma]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ta-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Sa-1, Ca-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Sa]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Ya-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ya]] | align="center" rowspan="5"|[[Bondol:Batak Nga.svg|30px|link=|alt=Nga]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak La-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=La]] | | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ca-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ca]]{{ref|5|5}} | rowspan="4"| |rowspan="4"| | align="center" rowspan="5"|[[Bondol:Batak I.svg|30px|link=|alt=I]] | align="center" rowspan="5"|[[Bondol:Batak U.svg|30px|link=|alt=I]] |- style="length:10%;" | style="width:10%; text-align:center;"|'''Mandailing''' | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak A-1, Ha.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]] | align="center" | [[Bondol:Batak Ha-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ha]] | align="center" | [[Bondol:Batak Ka-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ka]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Ba-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ba]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Pa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Wa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wa]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ga-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ga]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ra-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ra]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ma-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ma]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ta-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Sa-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Sa]]{{ref|4|4}} | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Ya-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ya]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak La-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=La]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Ca-2, Nya.svg|30px|link=|alt=Nya]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ca-4.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ca]] |-style="length:10%;" | style="width:10%; text-align:center;"|'''Pakpak''' | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak A-1, Ha.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak A-1, Ha.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ha]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ha-1, Ka-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ka]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Ba-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ba]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Pa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Wa-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wa]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ga-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ga]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ra-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ra]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ma-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ma]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ta-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Sa-1, Ca-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Sa]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Ya-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ya]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak La-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=La]] | | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Sa-1, Ca-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ca]] |-style="length:10%;" | style="width:10%; text-align:center;"|'''Toba''' | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak A-1, Ha.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]] | align="center" | [[Bondol:Batak Ha-1, Ka-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ha]] | align="center" | [[Bondol:Batak Ha-1, Ka-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ka]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Ba-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ba]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Pa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Wa-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wa]]{{ref|2|2}} | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ga-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ga]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ra-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ra]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ma-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ma]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ta-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]]{{ref|3|3}} | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Sa-1, Ca-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Sa]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Ya-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ya]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak La-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=La]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Ca-2, Nya.svg|30px|link=|alt=Nya]] | align="center" rowspan="2" | |-style="length:10%;" | style="width:10%; text-align:center;"|'''Simalungun''' | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak A-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]] | align="center" | [[Bondol:Batak Ha-2, Ka-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ha]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ha-2, Ka-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ka]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Ba-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ba]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Pa-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Wa-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wa]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Ga-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ga]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Ra-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ra]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ma-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ma]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ta-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Sa-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Sa]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Ya-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ya]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak La-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=La]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Ca-2, Nya.svg|30px|link=|alt=Nya]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Nda.svg|30px|link=|alt=Nda]] | align="center"|[[Bondol:Batak Mba-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Mba]]{{ref|6|6}} |} <small> Bontuk alternatif: <br> {{note|1|1}} [[Bondol:Batak Na-2.svg|20px|link=|alt=Na]] (used in Mandailing) {{note|2|2}} [[Bondol:Batak Wa-1.svg|20px|link=|alt=Wa]] {{note|3|3}} [[Bondol:Batak Ta-1.svg|20px|link=|alt=Ta]] {{note|4|4}} [[Bondol:Batak Sa-2.svg|20px|link=|alt=Sa]] {{note|5|5}} [[Bondol:Batak Ca-2, Nya.svg|20px|link=|alt=Ca]] {{note|6|6}} [[Bondol:Batak Ba-1.svg|20px|link=|alt=Mba]] </small> {| class="wikitable" summary="Diyakritik Batak" |- ! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Latin{{br}}[[Transliterasi|Trans.]] ! scope="col" colspan="5" style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | Diyakritik Batak | scope="col" rowspan="11" style="border-top:#aaaaaa hidden; border-bottom:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Latin{{br}}Trans. ! scope="col" colspan="5" style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | Diyakritik Batak rik {{IPA|/ka/}} |- ! scope="col" style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | Karo ! scope="col" | Mand. ! scope="col" | Pakp. ! scope="col" | Sima. ! scope="col" | Toba ! scope="col" style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | Karo ! scope="col" | Mand. ! scope="col" | Pakp. ! scope="col" | Sima. ! scope="col" | Toba |- align="left" ! scope="row" | -a | style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | | | | | ! scope="row" | ka | style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | [[Bondol:Batak Ha-1, Ka-1.svg|33px|link=|alt=Ka]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ka-3.svg|33px|link=|alt=Ka]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ha-1, Ka-1.svg|33px|link=|alt=Ka]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ha-2, Ka-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ka]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ha-1, Ka-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ka]] |- align="center" ! scope="row" | -e | style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | [[Bondol:Batak sign E-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-E]]<hr>[[Bondol:Batak sign E-2.svg|40px|link=|alt=-E]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign E-2.svg|40px|link=|alt=-E]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign E-3, O-2.svg|40px|link=|alt=-E]]<hr>[[Bondol:Batak sign E-2.svg|40px|link=|alt=-E]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign E-2.svg|40px|link=|alt=-E]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign E-2.svg|40px|link=|alt=-E]] ! scope="row" | ke | style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | [[Bondol:Batak Ke-3.png|40px|link=|alt=Ke]]<hr>[[Bondol:Batak Ke-1.png|40px|link=|alt=Ke]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ke (Mandailing).png|40px|link=|alt=Ke]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ke-2, Ko-2.png|40px|link=|alt=Ke]]<hr>[[Bondol:Batak Ke-1.png|40px|link=|alt=Ke]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ke (Simalungun).png|40px|link=|alt=Ke]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ke-1.png|40px|link=|alt=Ke]] |- align="center" ! scope="row" | -i | style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | [[Bondol:Batak sign I-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-I]]<hr>[[Bondol:Batak sign I-2.svg|40px|link=|alt=-I]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign I-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-I]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign I-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-I]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign I-2.svg|40px|link=|alt=-I]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign I-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-I]] ! scope="row" | ki | style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | [[Bondol:Batak Ki-1.png|40px|link=|alt=Ki]]<hr>[[Bondol:Batak Ki-2.png|40px|link=|alt=Ki]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ki (Mandailing).png|40px|link=|alt=Ki]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ki-1.png|40px|link=|alt=Ki]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ki (Simalungun).png|40px|link=|alt=Ki]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ki-1.png|40px|link=|alt=Ki]] |- align="center" ! scope="row" | -o | style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | [[Bondol:Batak sign E-3, O-2.svg|40px|link=|alt=-O]]<hr>[[Bondol:Batak sign O-3.svg|40px|link=|alt=-O]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign O-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-O]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign O-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-O]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign O-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-O]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign O-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-O]] ! scope="row" | ko | style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | [[Bondol:Batak Ke-2, Ko-2.png|40px|link=|alt=Ko]]<hr>[[Bondol:Batak Ko-3.png|40px|link=|alt=Ko]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ko (Mandailing).png|40px|link=|alt=Ko]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ko-1, Ku-1.png|40px|link=|alt=Ko]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ko (Simalungun).png|40px|link=|alt=Ko]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ko-1, Ku-1.png|40px|link=|alt=Ko]] |- align="center" ! scope="row" | -ou | style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | | | | [[Bondol:Batak sign Ou.svg|40px|link=|alt=-Ou]] | ! scope="row" | kou | style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | | | | [[Bondol:Batak Kou (Simalungun).png|40px|link=|alt=Kou]] | |- align="center" ! scope="row" | -u | style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | [[Bondol:Batak sign O-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-U]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|40px|link=|alt=-U]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|40px|link=|alt=-U]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|40px|link=|alt=-U]] | [[Bondol:Bataksign U.svg|40px|link=|alt=-U]] ! scope="row" | ku | style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | [[Bondol:Batak Ko-1, Ku-1.png|40px|link=|alt=Ku]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ku (Mandailing).png|40px|link=|alt=Ku]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ku-2.png|40px|link=|alt=Ku]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ku (Simalungun).png|40px|link=|alt=Ku]] | [[Bondol:Batak Ku-2.png|40px|link=|alt=Ku]] |- align="center" ! scope="row" | -ng | style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | [[Bondol:Batak sign Ng.svg|40px|link=|alt=-Ng]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign Ng.svg|40px|link=|alt=-Ng]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign Ng.svg|40px|link=|alt=-Ng]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign Ng.svg|40px|link=|alt=-Ng]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign Ng.svg|40px|link=|alt=-Ng]] ! scope="row" | kang | style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | [[Bondol:Batak Kang.png|40px|link=|alt=Kang]] | [[Bondol:Batak Kang (Mandailing).png|40px|link=|alt=Kang]] | [[Bondol:Batak Kang.png|40px|link=|alt=Kang]] | [[Bondol:Batak Kang (Simalungun).png|40px|link=|alt=Kang]] | [[Bondol:Batak Kang.png|40px|link=|alt=Kang]] |- align="center" ! scope="row" | -h | style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | [[Bondol:Batak sign H.svg|40px|link=|alt=-H]] | | [[Bondol:Batak sign H.svg|40px|link=|alt=-H]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign H.svg|40px|link=|alt=-H]] | ! scope="row" | kah | style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | [[Bondol:Batak Kah.png|40px|link=|alt=Kah]] | | [[Bondol:Batak Kah.png|40px|link=|alt=Kah]] | [[Bondol:Batak Kah (Simalungun).png|40px|link=|alt=Kah]] | |- align="center" ! scope="row" | – | style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | [[Bondol:Batak sign mute-2.svg|40px|link=|alt=-]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign mute-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign mute-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign mute-2.svg|40px|link=|alt=-]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign mute-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-]] ! scope="row" | k | style="border-left:#aaaaaa double;" | [[Bondol:Batak K-1 (Karo).svg|33px|link=|alt=K]] | [[Bondol:Batak K-4 (Mandailing).svg|48px|link=|alt=K]] | [[Bondol:Batak K-3 (Toba, Pakpak).svg|36px|link=|alt=K]] | [[Bondol:Batak K-2 (Simalungun).svg|36px|link=|alt=K]] | [[Bondol:Batak K-3 (Toba, Pakpak).svg|36px|link=|alt=K]] |} {| summary="Ligatures with -U" |- | valign="top" | {| class="wikitable" summary="Ligatur rik -U (Part 1)" |- ! scope="col" colspan="5" | Huruf Batak ! scope="col" | Jabaran |- | [[Bondol:Batak A-1, Ha.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak U-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]]&nbsp; | a + -u = u |- | [[Bondol:Batak A-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak U-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=U]] | a + -u = u (Simalungun) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Ha-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ha]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Hu-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Hu]]&nbsp; | ha + -u = hu (Mandailing) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Ha-2, Ka-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ha]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Ku (Simalungun).png|35px|link=|alt=Hu]]&nbsp; | ha + -u = hu (Simalungun) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Ha-1, Ka-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ha]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Ku-2.png|35px|link=|alt=Hu]]&nbsp; | ha + -u = hu |- | [[Bondol:Batak Ka-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ka]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Ku (Mandailing).png|40px|link=|alt=Ku]]&nbsp; | ka + -u = ku (Mandailing) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Ba-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ba]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Bu-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Bu]]&nbsp; | ba + -u = bu |- | [[Bondol:Batak Pa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=P]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Pu-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pu]]&nbsp; | pa + -u = pu (Mandailing) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Pa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Pu-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pu]]&nbsp; | pa + -u = pu (Pakpak, Toba) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Pa-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Pu-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pu]]&nbsp; | pa + -u = pu (Simalungun) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Na.svg|30px|link=|alt=Na]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Nu-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Nu]]&nbsp; | na + -u = nu |- | [[Bondol:Batak Na-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Na]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Nu-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Nu]]&nbsp; | na + -u = nu (Mandailing) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Wa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wa]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Wu-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wu]]&nbsp; | wa + -u = wu (Mandailing, Toba) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Wa-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wa]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Wu-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wu]]&nbsp; | wa + -u = wu (Pakpak, Toba) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Wa-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wa]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Wu-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wu]]&nbsp; | wa + -u = wu (Simalungun) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Ga-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ga]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Gu-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Gu]]&nbsp; | ga + -u = gu |- | [[Bondol:Batak Ga-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ga]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Gu-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Gu]]&nbsp; | ga + -u = gu (Simalungun) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Ja.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ja]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Ju-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ju]]&nbsp; | ja + -u = ju |} | valign="top"| {| class="wikitable" summary="Ligatur rik -U (Part 2)" |- ! scope="col" colspan="5" | Huruf Batak ! scope="col" | Jabaran |- | [[Bondol:Batak Da.svg|30px|link=|alt=Da]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Du-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Du]]&nbsp; | da + -u = du |- | [[Bondol:Batak Ra-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ra]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Ru-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ru]]&nbsp; | ra + -u = ru |- | [[Bondol:Batak Ra-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ra]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Ru-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ru]]&nbsp; | ra + -u = ru (Simalungun) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Ma-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ma]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Mu-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Mu]]&nbsp; | ma + -u = mu |- | [[Bondol:Batak Ma-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ma]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Mu-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Mu]]&nbsp; | ma + -u = mu (Simalungun) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Ta-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Tu-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Tu]]&nbsp; | ta + -u = tu |- | [[Bondol:Batak Ta-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Tu-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Tu]]&nbsp; | ta + -u = tu |- | [[Bondol:Batak Sa-1, Ca-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Sa]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Su-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Su]]&nbsp; | sa + -u = su (Pakpak) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Sa-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Sa]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Su-4.svg|30px|link=|alt=Su]]&nbsp; | sa + -u = su (Mandailing) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Sa-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Sa]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Su-4.svg|30px|link=|alt=Su]]&nbsp; | sa + -u = su (Mandailing) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Sa-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Sa]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U for Simalungun Su.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Su-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Su]]&nbsp; | sa + -u = su (Simalungun) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Ya-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ya]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Yu-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Yu]]&nbsp; | ya + -u = yu |- | [[Bondol:Batak Ya-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ya]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Yu-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Yu]]&nbsp; | ya + -u = yu (Simalungun) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Nga.svg|30px|link=|alt=Nga]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Ngu-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ngu]]&nbsp; | nga + -u = ngu |- | [[Bondol:Batak La-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=La]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Lu-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Lu]]&nbsp; | la + -u = lu |- | [[Bondol:Batak La-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=La]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Lu-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Lu]]&nbsp; | la + -u = lu (Simalungun) |- | [[Bondol:Batak Ca-2, Nya.svg|30px|link=|alt=Nya]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Nyu-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Nyu]]&nbsp; | nya + -u = nyu |- | [[Bondol:Batak Ca-4.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ca]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Cu-4.svg|30px|link=|alt=Cu]]&nbsp; | ca + -u = cu (Mandailing) |} |} {| class="wikitable" summary="tompi" |- ! scope="col" | ha ! scope="col" style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ ! scope="col" | tompi ! scope="col" style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; ! scope="col" | ka ! scope="col" | sa ! scope="col" style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ ! scope="col" | tompi ! scope="col" style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; ! scope="col" | ca |- | rowspan=2 | [[Bondol:Batak Ha-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ha]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" rowspan=3 | &nbsp;+ | rowspan=2 |[[Bondol:Batak sign tompi.svg|33px|link=|alt=tompi]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" rowspan=3 | =&nbsp; | rowspan=2 |[[Bondol:Batak Ka-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]]&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Sa-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ha]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign tompi.svg|33px|link=|alt=tompi]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Ca-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]]&nbsp; |- | [[Bondol:Batak Sa-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ha]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+ | [[Bondol:Batak sign tompi.svg|33px|link=|alt=tompi]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | =&nbsp; | [[Bondol:Batak Ca-4.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]]&nbsp; |} {| class="wikitable" summary="reordering" |- ! scope="col" | ta ! scope="col" style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+&nbsp; ! scope="col" | vokal ! scope="col" style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+&nbsp; ! scope="col" | pa ! scope="col" style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;+&nbsp; ! scope="col" | pangolat ! scope="col" style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | &nbsp;=&nbsp; ! scope="col" | silabel |- align="center" | [[Bondol:Batak Ta-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | | | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | [[Bondol:Batak Pa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | [[Bondol:Batak sign mute-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=pangolat]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | = | [[Bondol:Batak syllable tap.svg|70px|link=|alt=Tap]] |- align="center" style="border-top:#aaaaaa hidden;" | ta | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | | | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | pa | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | pangolat | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | = | tap |- align="center" | [[Bondol:Batak Ta-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | [[Bondol:Batak sign E-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=-E]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | [[Bondol:Batak Pa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | [[Bondol:Batak sign mute-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=pangolat]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | = | [[Bondol:Batak syllable tep-2.svg|70px|link=|alt=Tep]] |- align="center" style="border-top:#aaaaaa hidden;" | ta | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | e | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | pa | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | pangolat | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | = | tep |- align="center" | [[Bondol:Batak Ta-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | [[Bondol:Batak sign E-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=-E]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | [[Bondol:Batak Pa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | [[Bondol:Batak sign mute-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=pangolat]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | = | [[Bondol:Batak syllable tep-1.svg|80px|link=|alt=Tep]] |- align="center" style="border-top:#aaaaaa hidden;" | ta | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | e | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | pa | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | pangolat | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | = | tep |- align="center" | [[Bondol:Batak Ta-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | [[Bondol:Batak sign I-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=-I]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | [[Bondol:Batak Pa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | [[Bondol:Batak sign mute-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=pangolat]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | = | [[Bondol:Batak syllable tip.svg|84px|link=|alt=Tip]] |- align="center" style="border-top:#aaaaaa hidden;" | ta | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | i | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | pa | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | pangolat | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | = | tip |- align="center" | [[Bondol:Batak Ta-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | [[Bondol:Batak sign O-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=-O]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | [[Bondol:Batak Pa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | [[Bondol:Batak sign mute-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=pangolat]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | = | [[Bondol:Batak syllable top.svg|86px|link=|alt=Top]] |- align="center" style="border-top:#aaaaaa hidden;" | ta | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | o | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | pa | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | pangolat | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | = | top |- align="center" | [[Bondol:Batak Ta-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|30px|link=|alt=-U]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | [[Bondol:Batak Pa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | [[Bondol:Batak sign mute-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=pangolat]] | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | = | [[Bondol:Batak syllable tup.svg|70px|link=|alt=Tup]] |- align="center" style="border-top:#aaaaaa hidden;" | ta | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | u | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | pa | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | + | pangolat | style="border-left:#aaaaaa hidden;border-right:#aaaaaa hidden;" | = | tup |} {| class="wikitable" summary="bindu" |- ! scope="col" | Cuntuh ! scope="col" | Golar ! scope="col" | Fungsi |- | [[Bondol:Batak bindu na metek-1.svg|pus|30px|link=|alt=bindu na metek]] |rowspan=2| Bindu na metek (bindu ronik) |rowspan=3| Ngamula'i paragraf atawa bait |- | [[Bondol:Batak bindu na metek-2.svg|pus|30px|link=|alt=bindu na metek]] |- | [[Bondol:Batak bindu pinarboras.svg|pus|30px|link=|alt=bindu pinarboras]] | Bindu panarboras (bindu pocak biyas) |- | [[Bondol:Batak bindu judul.svg|pus|30px|link=|alt=bindu judul]] | Bindu judul (bindu judul) | Misahko judul rik isi tulisan |- | [[Bondol:Batak bindu pangolat.svg|pus|30px|link=|alt=bindu pangolat]] | Bindu pangolat | Tanda tambahan |} [[Kaban:Aksara-Aksara]] byj0fpobup4impbysimhyjsaisuyx0l 0 285 38161 37023 2026-06-20T20:04:49Z Àncilu 1583 [[Usus:LintErrors/misnested-tag]] 38161 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Huruf |image = Damts%27erloba.svg |golar = Huruf Georgia |native name = {{Script/Unyin|ქართული დამწერლობა}}<br>Kartuli Damts’erloba |arah tulisan = Kiri guk kanan |basa = [[Bahasa Georgia]] rik [[Rumpun Bahasa Kartvelia]] |tukang guway = - |family 1 = [[Alfabet Georgia]] |family 2 = |family 3 = |family 4 = |family 5 = |zaman = 430 M tungguk ganta |jenis huruf = [[Alfabet]] |unicode = [https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U10A0.pdf <code>U+10A0–U+10FF Georgian</code>]<br>[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2D00.pdf <code>U+2D00–U+2D2F Supplement</code>]<br>[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1C90.pdf <code>U+1C90–U+1CBF Extended</code>] |status huruf = Lokok tipakay |ISO 15924 = Geor, 240 (Mkhedruli)<br>Geok, 241 (Khutsuri) |map = }} {{Makay huruf khusus|Georgian}} '''Huruf Georgia''' joda da salah osay huruf bujenis [[Alfabet]] say tipakay untuk nulisko [[Bahasa Georgia]] rik [[Rumpun basa Kartvelia]] di sakitaran [[Pagunungan Kaukasus]]. == Huruf == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+ Alfabet Georgia Modern<ref>[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/globalization/keyboards/kbdgeome Georgian Keyboard Layout] Microsoft</ref> ! Huruf ! Transkripsi<br />Nasional !! Transkripsi<br />IPA |- ! {{Script/Unyin|ა}} | ''a'' || {{IPA|ä}} |- ! {{Script/Unyin|ბ}} | ''b'' || {{IPA|b}} |- ! {{Script/Unyin|გ}} | ''g'' || {{IPA|ɡ}} |- ! {{Script/Unyin|დ}} | ''d'' || {{IPA|d}} |- ! {{Script/Unyin|ე}} | ''e'' || {{IPA|e̞}} |- ! {{Script/Unyin|ვ}} | ''v'' || {{IPA|v}} |- ! {{Script/Unyin|ზ}} | ''z'' || {{IPA|z}} |- ! {{Script/Unyin|თ}} | ''t'' || {{IPA|tʰ}} |- ! {{Script/Unyin|ი}} | ''i'' || {{IPA|i}} |- ! {{Script/Unyin|კ}} | ''k’'' || {{IPA|kʼ}} |- ! {{Script/Unyin|ლ}} | ''l'' || {{IPA|l}} |- ! {{Script/Unyin|მ}} | ''m'' || {{IPA|m}} |- ! {{Script/Unyin|ნ}} | ''n'' || {{IPA|n}} |- ! {{Script/Unyin|ო}} | ''o'' || {{IPA|o̞}} |- ! {{Script/Unyin|პ}} | ''p’'' || {{IPA|pʼ}} |- ! {{Script/Unyin|ჟ}} | ''zh'' || {{IPA|ʒ}} |- ! {{Script/Unyin|რ}} | ''r'' || {{IPA|r}} |- ! {{Script/Unyin|ს}} | ''s'' || {{IPA|s}} |- ! {{Script/Unyin|ტ}} | ''t’'' || {{IPA|tʼ}} |- ! {{Script/Unyin|უ}} | ''u'' || {{IPA|u}} |- ! {{Script/Unyin|ფ}} | ''p'' || {{IPA|pʰ}} |- ! {{Script/Unyin|ქ}} | ''k'' || {{IPA|kʰ}} |- ! {{Script/Unyin|ღ}} | ''gh'' || {{IPA|ɣ}} |- ! {{Script/Unyin|ყ}} | ''q’'' || {{IPA|qʼ}} |- ! {{Script/Unyin|შ}} | ''sh'' || {{IPA|ʃ}} |- ! {{Script/Unyin|ჩ}} | ''ch'' || {{IPA|t͡ʃʰ}} |- ! {{Script/Unyin|ც}} | ''ts'' || {{IPA|t͡sʰ}} |- ! {{Script/Unyin|ძ}} | ''dz'' || {{IPA|d͡z}} |- ! {{Script/Unyin|წ}} | ''ts’'' || {{IPA|t͡sʼ}} |- ! {{Script/Unyin|ჭ}} | ''ch’'' || {{IPA|t͡ʃʼ}} |- ! {{Script/Unyin|ხ}} | ''kh'' || {{IPA|x}} |- ! {{Script/Unyin|ჯ}} | ''j'' || {{IPA|d͡ʒ}} |- ! {{Script/Unyin|ჰ}} | ''h'' || {{IPA|h}} |} ===Asomtavruli rik Nuskhuri=== {| class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.2;width:30em;" |+Huruf Asomtavruli |- style="text-align:center;" |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|Ⴀ}}</span><br/>''ani'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|Ⴁ}}</span><br/>''bani'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|Ⴂ}}</span><br/>''gani'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|Ⴃ}}</span><br/>''doni'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|Ⴄ}}</span><br/>''eni'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|Ⴅ}}</span><br/>''vini'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|Ⴆ}}</span><br/>''zeni'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|Ⴡ}}</span><br/>''he'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|Ⴇ}}</span><br/>''tani'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|Ⴈ}}</span><br/>''ini'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|Ⴉ}}</span><br/>''kʼani'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|Ⴊ}}</span><br/>''lasi'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|Ⴋ}}</span><br/>''mani'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|Ⴌ}}</span><br/>''nari'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|Ⴢ}}</span><br/>''hie'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|Ⴍ}}</span><br/>''oni'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|Ⴎ}}</span><br/>''pʼari'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|Ⴏ}}</span><br/>''zhani'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|Ⴐ}}</span><br/>''rae'' |- style="text-align:center;" |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|Ⴑ}}</span><br/>''sani'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|Ⴒ}}</span><br/>''tʼari'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|Ⴣ}}</span><br/>''vie'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ႭჃ}}<br/>{{Script/Unyin|Ⴓ}}</span><br/>''uni'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|Ⴔ}}</span><br/>''pari'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|Ⴕ}}</span><br/>''kani'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|Ⴖ}}</span><br/>''ghani'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|Ⴗ}}</span><br/>''qʼari'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|Ⴘ}}</span><br/>''shini'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|Ⴙ}}</span><br/>''chini'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|Ⴚ}}</span><br/>''tsani'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|Ⴛ}}</span><br/>''dzili'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|Ⴜ}}</span><br/>''ts'ili'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|Ⴝ}}</span><br/>''ch'ari'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|Ⴞ}}</span><br/>''khani'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|Ⴤ}}</span><br/>''qari'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|Ⴟ}}</span><br/>''jani'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|Ⴠ}}</span><br/>''hae'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|Ⴥ}}</span><br/>''hoe'' |} {| class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.2;width:30em;" bgcolor="#ffffff;" |+Huruf Nuskhuri |- align=center |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ⴀ}}</span><br/>''ani'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ⴁ}}</span><br/>''bani'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ⴂ}}</span><br/>''gani'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ⴃ}}</span><br/>''doni'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ⴄ}}</span><br/>''eni'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ⴅ}}</span><br/>''vini'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ⴆ}}</span><br/>''zeni'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ⴡ}}</span><br/>''he'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ⴇ}}</span><br/>''tani'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ⴈ}}</span><br/>''ini'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ⴉ}}</span><br/>''kʼani'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ⴊ}}</span><br/>''lasi'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ⴋ}}</span><br/>''mani'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ⴌ}}</span><br/>''nari'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ⴢ}}</span><br/>''hie'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ⴍ}}</span><br/>''oni'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ⴎ}}</span><br/>''pʼari'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ⴏ}}</span><br/>''zhani'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ⴐ}}</span><br/>''rae'' |- align=center |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ⴑ}}</span><br/>''sani'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ⴒ}}</span><br/>''tʼari'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ⴣ}}</span><br/>''vie'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ⴍⴣ ⴓ}}</span><br/>''uni'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ⴔ}}</span><br/>''pari'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ⴕ}}</span><br/>''kani'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ⴖ}}</span><br/>''ghani'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ⴗ}}</span><br/>''qʼari'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ⴘ}}</span><br/>''shini'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ⴙ}}</span><br/>''chini'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ⴚ}}</span><br/>''tsani'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ⴛ}}</span><br/>''dzili'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ⴜ}}</span><br/>''tsʼili'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ⴝ}}</span><br/>''chʼari'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ⴞ}}</span><br/>''khani'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ⴤ}}</span><br/>''qari'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ⴟ}}</span><br/>''jani'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ⴠ}}</span><br/>''hae'' |bgcolor="#ffffff"| <span style="font-size:230%;">{{Script/Unyin|ⴥ}}</span><br/>''hoe'' |} :''Note: Without proper font support, you may see question marks, boxes or other symbols instead of Nuskhuri letters.'' [[Bondol:Asomtavruli.svg|500px|thumb|Huruf Georgia Asomtavruli]] [[Bondol:Nuskhuri.svg|500px|thumb|Huruf Georgia Nuskhuri]] ==Cuntuh Tulisan== *'''UDHR pasal 1''' ; [[Bahasa Georgia|Georgia]] :{{Quote|ყველა ადამიანი იბადება თავისუფალი და თანასწორი თავისი ღირსებითა და უფლებებით. მათ მინიჭებული აქვთ გონება და სინდისი და ერთმანეთის მიმართ უნდა იქცეოდნენ ძმობის სულისკვეთებით.}} ; [[Alfabet Latin|Transliterasi]] :{{Quote|''Q'vela adamiani ibadeba tavisupali da tanasts'ori tavisi ghirsebita da uplebebit. mat minich'ebuli akvt goneba da sindisi da ertmanetis mimart unda iktseodnen dzmobis sulisk'vetebit.''}} ; [[Alfabet Fonetis Internasional|IPA]] :{{Quote|[q(χ)ʼʷe̞ɫä‿ädämiäni‿ibäde̞bä tʰäβisupʰäli dä tʰänäst͡sʼo̞ɾi tʰäβisi ɣiɾse̞bitʰä dä‿upʰle̞be̞bitʰ {{!}} mätʰ minit͡ʃ’e̞buli‿äkʰʷtʰ ɡo̞ne̞bä dä sindisi dä‿e̞ɾtʰmäne̞tʰis mimäɾtʰ undä‿ikʰt͡sʰe̞o̞dne̞n d͡zmo̞bis sulisk’ʷe̞tʰe̞bitʰ ‖]}} ; [[Bahasa Komering|Horti]] :{{Quote|''Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai goh-goh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.''}} == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} pq8f1xkwxhj4e5o7bc2e2l4gwns7lya 0 370 38226 35389 2026-06-21T08:47:22Z Àncilu 1583 [[Usus:LintErrors/stripped-tag]]z 38226 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = Afar | nativename = {{lang|aa|Qafar af}} | ethnicity = [[Jolma Afar|Afar]] | states = [[Djibouti]], [[Eritrea]], [[Ethiopia]] | region = [[Tungkah Afrika]] | speakers = {{sigfig|2,603000|2}} juta | date = 2019–2022 | ref = e27 | familycolor = Afroasiatic | fam2 = [[Rumpun basa Kushitik|Kushitik]] | fam3 = [[Rumpun basa Kushitik Darak|Darak]] | fam4 = [[Rumpun basa Kushitik Darak Lobak|Lobak]] | fam5 = [[Basa Saho–Afar|Saho–Afar]] | script = [[Huruf Latin|Latin]] | dialects = Aussa <br /> Ba'adu <br /> Afar Tongah <br /> Afar Liba | minority = {{flag|Djibouti}}<br>{{flag|Eritrea}} | iso1 = aa | iso2 = aar | iso3 = aar | notice = IPA | glotto = afar1241 | glottorefname = Afar | nation = {{flag|Ethiopia}} }} '''Basa Afar''' joda da salah osay basa [[Rumpun basa Apro-Asiya|Afro-Asiatik]] say dituturko [[Jolma Afar]] di nagara [[Ethiopia]], [[Djibouti]], rik [[Eritrea]] di banuwa [[Afrika]].<ref name="Omafr">[http://www.omniglot.com/writing/afar.htm ''Afar (ʿAfár af)''] Omniglot</ref><ref name="Afdal">[http://www.afarfriends.org/Dok%20t%20websida/aktivitet_i_Sv/STANDARDIZATION%20OF%20COMMON%20AFAR%20SCRIPT1.pdf ''Development of the Afar Language''] Afar Friends [https://web.archive.org/web/20120305143610/http://www.afarfriends.org/Dok%20t%20websida/aktivitet_i_Sv/STANDARDIZATION%20OF%20COMMON%20AFAR%20SCRIPT1.pdf mak aktif lagi]</ref> ==Huruf== {|class=wikitable style=text-align:center |- | width=15|[[A]]|| width=15|[[B]]|| width=15|[[C]]|| width=15|[[D]]|| width=15|[[E]]|| width=15|[[F]]|| width=15|[[G]]|| width=15|[[H]]|| width=15|[[I]]|| width=15|[[J]]|| width=15|[[K]]|| width=15|[[L]]|| width=15|[[M]]|| width=15|[[N]]|| width=15|[[O]]|| width=15|[[P]]|| width=15|[[Q]]|| width=15|[[R]]|| width=15|[[S]]|| width=15|[[T]]|| width=15|[[U]]|| width=15|[[V]]|| width=15|[[W]]|| width=15|[[X]]|| width=15|[[Y]]|| width=15|[[Z]] |- |a||ba||ca||da||e||fa||ga||ha||i||ja||ka||la||ma||na||o||pa||qa||ra||sa||ta||u||va||wa||xa||ya||za |}<ref>[http://www.berraka.com/index.php/qasirwa ''Berraka''] [https://web.archive.org/web/20150811051419/http://berraka.com/index.php/qasirwa Qafaraf]</ref> {|class=wikitable style=text-align:center |- | width=15|[[A]]|| width=15|[[B]]|| width=15|[[T]]|| width=15|[[S]]|| width=15|[[E]]|| width=15|[[C]]|| width=15|[[K]]|| width=15|[[X]]|| width=15|[[I]]|| width=15|[[D]]|| width=15|[[Q]]|| width=15|[[R]]|| width=15|[[F]]|| width=15|[[G]]|| width=15|[[O]]|| width=15|[[L]]|| width=15|[[M]]|| width=15|[[N]]|| width=15|[[U]]|| width=15|[[W]]|| width=15|[[H]]|| width=15|[[Y]] |- |a||ba||ta||sa||e||ca||ka||xa||i||da||qa||ra||fa||ga||o||la||ma||na||u||wa||ha||ya |}<ref>[https://omniglot.com/writing/afar.htm ''Afar language, alphabet and pronunciation''] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210709005126/https://www.omniglot.com/writing/afar.htm Omniglot]</ref> ==Cuntuh Tulisan== ===UDHR pasal 1=== *'''[[Alfabet Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Karaamat kee garwawagittaamal seehada inkih gide akkuk, currik taabuke. Usun kas kee cissi loonuuh, keenik mariiy mara lih toobokinni kasat gexsitam faxximta.''}} *'''[[Basa Kumoring|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai goh-goh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.''}} ==Rujukan== {{Reflist}} 4ys72xab0nuo9xue7s5atsbmwttypli 0 384 38181 33222 2026-06-20T22:19:02Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38181 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bahasa| | Golar = Arab Mesir | Golar Asli = مصرى - اللغه المصريه العاميه | Golar Asli Transliterasi = Al-Lughah Al-Misriih Al-Eamiyh<br>Masri | Gambar = [[Bondol:Árabe egipcio.PNG|500px|thumb|Wilayah sebar tutur Bahasa Arab Mesir]] | Nagara = [[Bondol:Flag of Egypt.svg|25px]] [[Mesir]] | Pok = [[Afrika Liba]] | Jumlah Panutur = 78 juta jiwa | Sistim Panulisan = [[Huruf Hijaiyah|Arab]] | Status = Lokok tipakai | Etnis = [[Jolma Mesir]] | Dialek = [[Yahudi-Arab Mesir]] | Kaluwarga Bahasa = 1. [[Rumpun Bahasa Afro-Asiatik|Afro-Asiatik]]<br>2. [[Rumpun Bahasa Semitik|Semitik]]<br>3. [[Bahasa Arab]]<br>4. [[Bahasa Arab Mesir]] | Bahasa say Tikahik = [[Bahasa Arab]] }} '''Basa Arab Mesir''' joda da salah osay variasi dialek jak [[Bahasa Arab]] say dituturko [[Jolma Mesir]] di nagara [[Mesir]].<ref>Marlin Dick [http://tbsjournal.arabmediasociety.com/Archives/Fall05/Dick.html ''TBS 15 The State of the Musalsal: Arab Television Drama and Comedy and the Politics of the Satellite Era by Marlin Dick''] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002737/http://tbsjournal.arabmediasociety.com/Archives/Fall05/Dick.html Arab Media & Society, mak aktif lagi]</ref><ref>Mahmoud Gaafar, Jane Wightwick (2014).''Colloquial Arabic of Egypt: The Complete Course for Beginners''.</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=4R4DyZ8At7IC&q=egyptian+arabic+%22most%22&pg=PA173 ''The Europeans, Second Edition: A Geography of People, Culture, and Environment''] Robert C. Ostergren, Mathias Le Bossé, (15 Juni 2011) Guilford Press, ISBN 978-1-60918-244-1 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230326133744/https://books.google.com/books?id=4R4DyZ8At7IC&q=egyptian+arabic+%22most%22&pg=PA173 lokok aktif, dilom [[Bahasa Inggris]]]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=socYatmLZc8C&q=egyptian+arabic+%22most%22&pg=PT1983 ''The Rough Guide to Egypt''] Dan Richardson, (2 Agustus 2007), Rough Guides UK, ISBN 978-1-84836-798-2 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230326133828/https://books.google.com/books?id=socYatmLZc8C&q=egyptian+arabic+%22most%22&pg=PT1983 lokok aktif, dilom Bahasa Inggris]</ref><ref>[https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00mole ''Culture and Customs of Egypt''] [https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00mole/page/117 117 {{Quote|''Egyptian Arabic influence''}} Molefi Kete Asante, (2002), Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0-313-31740-8 dilom Bahasa Inggris]</ref> Meskipun pada dasarna ija basa lisan, bontuk titulisna tigunako dilom [[novel]], [[drama]], rik [[puisi]] ([[Sastra Vernakular]]), rik di [[Komik|komik-komik]], [[Iklan|pangiklanan]], samungkal ruwa [[Koran|surat kabar/koran]] rik transkripsi lagu-lagu populer. Di sabagiyan balak media titulis barihna rik pambaritaan [[radio]] rik [[TV]], [[Bahasa Arab|sastra Arab]] tipakay. Sastra Arab joda da basa standar budasarko basa [[Al-Qur'an|Qur'an]], joda da [[Bahasa Arab Qur'an|Arab Klasik]]. [[Bahasa Daerah]] [[Mesir]] hampir sacara universal titulis dilom [[Huruf Hijaiyah |Huruf Arab]] untuk konsumsi lokal, meskipun umumna titranskripsiko guk lom [[Alfabet Latin|Huruf Latin]] atawa dilom [[Alfabet Fonetis Internasional|IPA]] dilom [[Linguistik]] tulisan rik buku tulisan say titujuko untuk ngajar murid non-pribumi (jolma luwahan jak nagara [[Mesir]]).<ref>[https://tafl.live/ '':تعلم العربية{{!}} جامعة الأزهر {{!}} بوابة التعليم الالكتروني والتعليم عن بعد {{!}} e-Learning Al-Azhar University {{!}} Learn Arabic''] tafl.live</ref> ==Cuntuh Tulisan== ===UDHR pasal 1;=== *'''[[Huruf Hijaiyah|Huruf Arab]]''' <div lang="kge" dir=rtl> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|الاعلان العالمى لحقوق الانسان, البند الاولانى البنى ادمين كلهم مولودين حرّين ومتساويين فى الكرامة والحقوق. اتوهبلهم العقل والضمير، والمفروض يعاملو بعضيهم بروح الاخوية.}}}} </div> *'''[[Alfabet Latin|Latin Franco Arab]]''' {{Quote|''el e3lan el 3alami le 72u2 el ensan, el band el awalani el bani2admin kollohom mawlodin 7orrin we metsawyin fel karama wel 7o2u2. Etwahablohom el 3a2l wel damir, wel mafrud ye3amlo ba3dihom be ro7 el akhaweya.''}} *'''[[Alfabet Fonetis Internasional|IPA (untuk pabandingan rik Sastra Arab)]]''' {{Quote|/il ʔiʕˈlaːn il ʕaːˈlami li ħˈʔuːʔ il ʔinˈsaːn - il ˈband il ʔawwaˈlaːni/ /il bani ʔadˈmiːn kulˈluhum mawluˈdiːn ħurˈriːn wi mitsawˈjiːn fil kaˈrˤaːma wil ħuˈʔuːʔ • ʔetwahabˈlohom ilˈʕaʔle we ddˤaˈmiːr wel mafˈruːdˤ jeʕamlo baʕˈdˤiːhom biˈroːħ el ʔaxaˈwejja/}} *'''[[Alfabet Fonetis Internasional|IPA (untuk fonologi Mesir)]]''' {{Quote|/el ʔeʕˈlaːn el ʕaːˈlami le ħˈʔuːʔ el ʔenˈsaːn - el ˈband el ʔawwaˈlaːni/ /el bani ʔadˈmiːn kolˈlohom mawloˈdiːn ħorˈriːn we metsawˈjiːn fel kaˈrˤaːma wel ħoˈʔuːʔ • ʔetwahabˈlohom elˈʕaʔle we ddˤaˈmiːr wel mafˈruːdˤ jeˈʕamlu baʕˈdˤiːhom beˈroːħ el ʔaxaˈwejja/}} *'''[[Alfabet Fonetis Internasional|IPA (dilom ngumung gancang, vokal tijang atawa kanongah tijang)]]''' {{Quote|[el ʔeʕˈlæːn el ʕæˈlæmi le ħˈʔuːʔ el ʔenˈsæːn - el ˈbænd el ʔæwwæˈlæːni] [el bæniʔædˈmiːn kolˈlohom mæwlʊˈdiːn ħʊrˈriːn we metsæwˈjiːn fel kɑˈɾɑːmɑ wel ħʊˈʔuːʔ • ʔetwæhæbˈlohom elˈʕæʔle we ddɑˈmiːɾ wel mɑfˈɾuːd jeˈʕæmlu bɑʕˈdiːhom beˈɾoːħ el ʔæxæˈwejjæ]}} *'''[[Bahasa Arab|Arab]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|يولد جميع الناس أحراراً متساوين في الكرامة والحقوق، وقد وهبوا عقلاً وضميراً وعليهم أن يعامل بعضهم بعضاً بروح الإخاء.}}}} </div> *'''[[Alfabet Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Yūlad jamīʻ al-nās aḥrār-an mutasāwīn fil-karāma-ti wal-huqūq-i, wa-qad wuhibū ʻaql-an wa-ḍamīr-an wa-ʻalayhim an yuʻāmil-u baʻduhum baʻd-an bi-rūh al-ikhāʼ-i.''}} *'''[[Bahasa Komering|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai goh-goh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.''}} *'''[[Bahasa Komering|Horti (Arab)]]''' <div lang="kge" dir=rtl> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|كأوݧين جولما تيلاحيركو مرديكا ريک اوت ڤيئيل ريک حق-حق سي گوه-گوه. تيان تيئونجوک اكل ڤيكيرن ريک هاتي نوراني ماري تيان داڤوک ݧامڤور ريک سي باريه ن ديلوم سماڠت بوكولڤه.}}}} </div> *'''[[Bahasa Inggris|Horti (Inggris]]''' {{Quote|''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience. Therefore, they should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''}} ==Rujukan== {{Reflist}} r2jdo9um0e31zg6fjmfxn5cgme32xla 38204 38181 2026-06-20T22:51:20Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Pranala dalam tautan 38204 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bahasa| | Golar = Arab Mesir | Golar Asli = مصرى - اللغه المصريه العاميه | Golar Asli Transliterasi = Al-Lughah Al-Misriih Al-Eamiyh<br>Masri | Gambar = [[Bondol:Árabe egipcio.PNG|500px|thumb|Wilayah sebar tutur Bahasa Arab Mesir]] | Nagara = [[Bondol:Flag of Egypt.svg|25px]] [[Mesir]] | Pok = [[Afrika Liba]] | Jumlah Panutur = 78 juta jiwa | Sistim Panulisan = [[Huruf Hijaiyah|Arab]] | Status = Lokok tipakai | Etnis = [[Jolma Mesir]] | Dialek = [[Yahudi-Arab Mesir]] | Kaluwarga Bahasa = 1. [[Rumpun Bahasa Afro-Asiatik|Afro-Asiatik]]<br>2. [[Rumpun Bahasa Semitik|Semitik]]<br>3. [[Bahasa Arab]]<br>4. [[Bahasa Arab Mesir]] | Bahasa say Tikahik = [[Bahasa Arab]] }} '''Basa Arab Mesir''' joda da salah osay variasi dialek jak [[Bahasa Arab]] say dituturko [[Jolma Mesir]] di nagara [[Mesir]].<ref>Marlin Dick [http://tbsjournal.arabmediasociety.com/Archives/Fall05/Dick.html ''TBS 15 The State of the Musalsal: Arab Television Drama and Comedy and the Politics of the Satellite Era by Marlin Dick''] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002737/http://tbsjournal.arabmediasociety.com/Archives/Fall05/Dick.html Arab Media & Society, mak aktif lagi]</ref><ref>Mahmoud Gaafar, Jane Wightwick (2014).''Colloquial Arabic of Egypt: The Complete Course for Beginners''.</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=4R4DyZ8At7IC&q=egyptian+arabic+%22most%22&pg=PA173 ''The Europeans, Second Edition: A Geography of People, Culture, and Environment''] Robert C. Ostergren, Mathias Le Bossé, (15 Juni 2011) Guilford Press, ISBN 978-1-60918-244-1 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230326133744/https://books.google.com/books?id=4R4DyZ8At7IC&q=egyptian+arabic+%22most%22&pg=PA173 lokok aktif, dilom] [[Bahasa Inggris]]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=socYatmLZc8C&q=egyptian+arabic+%22most%22&pg=PT1983 ''The Rough Guide to Egypt''] Dan Richardson, (2 Agustus 2007), Rough Guides UK, ISBN 978-1-84836-798-2 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230326133828/https://books.google.com/books?id=socYatmLZc8C&q=egyptian+arabic+%22most%22&pg=PT1983 lokok aktif, dilom Bahasa Inggris]</ref><ref>[https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00mole ''Culture and Customs of Egypt''] [https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00mole/page/117 117 {{Quote|''Egyptian Arabic influence''}} Molefi Kete Asante, (2002), Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0-313-31740-8 dilom Bahasa Inggris]</ref> Meskipun pada dasarna ija basa lisan, bontuk titulisna tigunako dilom [[novel]], [[drama]], rik [[puisi]] ([[Sastra Vernakular]]), rik di [[Komik|komik-komik]], [[Iklan|pangiklanan]], samungkal ruwa [[Koran|surat kabar/koran]] rik transkripsi lagu-lagu populer. Di sabagiyan balak media titulis barihna rik pambaritaan [[radio]] rik [[TV]], [[Bahasa Arab|sastra Arab]] tipakay. Sastra Arab joda da basa standar budasarko basa [[Al-Qur'an|Qur'an]], joda da [[Bahasa Arab Qur'an|Arab Klasik]]. [[Bahasa Daerah]] [[Mesir]] hampir sacara universal titulis dilom [[Huruf Hijaiyah |Huruf Arab]] untuk konsumsi lokal, meskipun umumna titranskripsiko guk lom [[Alfabet Latin|Huruf Latin]] atawa dilom [[Alfabet Fonetis Internasional|IPA]] dilom [[Linguistik]] tulisan rik buku tulisan say titujuko untuk ngajar murid non-pribumi (jolma luwahan jak nagara [[Mesir]]).<ref>[https://tafl.live/ '':تعلم العربية{{!}} جامعة الأزهر {{!}} بوابة التعليم الالكتروني والتعليم عن بعد {{!}} e-Learning Al-Azhar University {{!}} Learn Arabic''] tafl.live</ref> ==Cuntuh Tulisan== ===UDHR pasal 1;=== *'''[[Huruf Hijaiyah|Huruf Arab]]''' <div lang="kge" dir=rtl> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|الاعلان العالمى لحقوق الانسان, البند الاولانى البنى ادمين كلهم مولودين حرّين ومتساويين فى الكرامة والحقوق. اتوهبلهم العقل والضمير، والمفروض يعاملو بعضيهم بروح الاخوية.}}}} </div> *'''[[Alfabet Latin|Latin Franco Arab]]''' {{Quote|''el e3lan el 3alami le 72u2 el ensan, el band el awalani el bani2admin kollohom mawlodin 7orrin we metsawyin fel karama wel 7o2u2. Etwahablohom el 3a2l wel damir, wel mafrud ye3amlo ba3dihom be ro7 el akhaweya.''}} *'''[[Alfabet Fonetis Internasional|IPA (untuk pabandingan rik Sastra Arab)]]''' {{Quote|/il ʔiʕˈlaːn il ʕaːˈlami li ħˈʔuːʔ il ʔinˈsaːn - il ˈband il ʔawwaˈlaːni/ /il bani ʔadˈmiːn kulˈluhum mawluˈdiːn ħurˈriːn wi mitsawˈjiːn fil kaˈrˤaːma wil ħuˈʔuːʔ • ʔetwahabˈlohom ilˈʕaʔle we ddˤaˈmiːr wel mafˈruːdˤ jeʕamlo baʕˈdˤiːhom biˈroːħ el ʔaxaˈwejja/}} *'''[[Alfabet Fonetis Internasional|IPA (untuk fonologi Mesir)]]''' {{Quote|/el ʔeʕˈlaːn el ʕaːˈlami le ħˈʔuːʔ el ʔenˈsaːn - el ˈband el ʔawwaˈlaːni/ /el bani ʔadˈmiːn kolˈlohom mawloˈdiːn ħorˈriːn we metsawˈjiːn fel kaˈrˤaːma wel ħoˈʔuːʔ • ʔetwahabˈlohom elˈʕaʔle we ddˤaˈmiːr wel mafˈruːdˤ jeˈʕamlu baʕˈdˤiːhom beˈroːħ el ʔaxaˈwejja/}} *'''[[Alfabet Fonetis Internasional|IPA (dilom ngumung gancang, vokal tijang atawa kanongah tijang)]]''' {{Quote|[el ʔeʕˈlæːn el ʕæˈlæmi le ħˈʔuːʔ el ʔenˈsæːn - el ˈbænd el ʔæwwæˈlæːni] [el bæniʔædˈmiːn kolˈlohom mæwlʊˈdiːn ħʊrˈriːn we metsæwˈjiːn fel kɑˈɾɑːmɑ wel ħʊˈʔuːʔ • ʔetwæhæbˈlohom elˈʕæʔle we ddɑˈmiːɾ wel mɑfˈɾuːd jeˈʕæmlu bɑʕˈdiːhom beˈɾoːħ el ʔæxæˈwejjæ]}} *'''[[Bahasa Arab|Arab]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|يولد جميع الناس أحراراً متساوين في الكرامة والحقوق، وقد وهبوا عقلاً وضميراً وعليهم أن يعامل بعضهم بعضاً بروح الإخاء.}}}} </div> *'''[[Alfabet Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Yūlad jamīʻ al-nās aḥrār-an mutasāwīn fil-karāma-ti wal-huqūq-i, wa-qad wuhibū ʻaql-an wa-ḍamīr-an wa-ʻalayhim an yuʻāmil-u baʻduhum baʻd-an bi-rūh al-ikhāʼ-i.''}} *'''[[Bahasa Komering|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai goh-goh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.''}} *'''[[Bahasa Komering|Horti (Arab)]]''' <div lang="kge" dir=rtl> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|كأوݧين جولما تيلاحيركو مرديكا ريک اوت ڤيئيل ريک حق-حق سي گوه-گوه. تيان تيئونجوک اكل ڤيكيرن ريک هاتي نوراني ماري تيان داڤوک ݧامڤور ريک سي باريه ن ديلوم سماڠت بوكولڤه.}}}} </div> *'''[[Bahasa Inggris|Horti (Inggris]]''' {{Quote|''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience. Therefore, they should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''}} ==Rujukan== {{Reflist}} ipmo00r6v3gw2dbw7dqxef934ee2rf2 0 392 38184 35166 2026-06-20T22:21:03Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38184 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bahasa| | Golar = Awadhi | Golar Asli = अवधी - 𑂃𑂫𑂡𑂲 - اودھی | Golar Asli Transliterasi = Avadhī | Gambar = [[Bondol:Awadhi language.svg|500px]] | Nagara = [[bondol:Flag of India.svg|25px|border]] [[India]] | Pok = [[Asia Selatan|Asia Hulu]] | Jumlah Panutur = 3,9 juta jiwa | Sistim Panulisan = [[Aksara Devanagari|Diwanagori]] | Status = Lokok tipakai | Etnis = [[Jolma Awadhi]] | Dialek = | Kaluwarga Bahasa = 1. [[Rumpun Bahasa Indo-Eropa|Indo-Eropa]]<br>2. [[Rumpun Bahasa Indo-Iran|Indo-Iran]]<br>3. [[Rumpun Bahasa Indo-Arya|Indo-Arya]]<br>4. [[Bahasa Awadhi]] | Bahasa say Tikahik = }} '''Basa Awadhi''' joda da salah osay basa say dituturko [[Jolma Awadhi]] di nagara [[India]] bagiyan liba.<ref>[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_map.asp?name=NP&seq=30 ''Nepal''] Ethnologue, 19 Februari 1999</ref> ==Cuntuh Tulisan== *'''[[Basa Kumoring]]''' {{Quote|''Sanak bakas sija waras pangliyakan rik pandongihanna.''}} *'''[[Aksara Devanagari|Diwanagori]]''' {{Quote|इउ लरिका देखई सुनई म ठीक है।<br> इ लरिका देखई सुनई म ठीक अहै।}} *'''[[Alfabet Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Lu larikā dekhī sunī ma thīk hai.<br> I larikā dekhī sunī ma thīk ahai.''}} *'''[[Alfabet Fonetis Internasional|IPA]]''' {{Quote|ɪʊ lʌɾɪkaː d̪eːkʰʌiː sʊnʌiː mə ʈʰiːk hʌiː<br> ɪ lʌɾɪkaː d̪eːkʰʌiː sʊnʌiː mə ʈʰiːk ʌhʌiː}} ==Rujukan== {{Reflist}} jpcfgq58f7fifipvv2j7efftv6f4kag 38185 38184 2026-06-20T22:24:34Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38185 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bahasa| | Golar = Awadhi | Golar Asli = अवधी - 𑂃𑂫𑂡𑂲 - اودھی | Golar Asli Transliterasi = Avadhī | Gambar = [[Bondol:Awadhi language.svg|500px]] | Nagara = [[bondol:Flag of India.svg|25px|border]] [[India]] | Pok = [[Asia Selatan|Asia Hulu]] | Jumlah Panutur = 3,9 juta jiwa | Sistim Panulisan = [[Aksara Devanagari|Diwanagori]] | Status = Lokok tipakai | Etnis = [[Jolma Awadhi]] | Dialek = | Kaluwarga Bahasa = 1. [[Rumpun Bahasa Indo-Eropa|Indo-Eropa]]<br>2. [[Rumpun Bahasa Indo-Iran|Indo-Iran]]<br>3. [[Rumpun Bahasa Indo-Arya|Indo-Arya]]<br>4. [[Bahasa Awadhi]] | Bahasa say Tikahik = }} '''Basa Awadhi''' joda da salah osay basa say dituturko [[Jolma Awadhi]] di nagara [[India]] bagiyan liba.<ref>[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_map.asp?name=NP&seq=30 ''Nepal''] Ethnologue, 19 Februari 1999</ref> ==Cuntuh Tulisan== *'''[[Basa Kumoring]]''' {{Quote|''Sanak bakas sija waras pangliyakan rik pandongihanna.''}} *'''[[Aksara Devanagari|Diwanagori]]''' {{Quote|इउ लरिका देखई सुनई म ठीक है।<br> इ लरिका देखई सुनई म ठीक अहै।}} *'''[[Alfabet Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Lu larikā dekhī sunī ma thīk hai.<br>I larikā dekhī sunī ma thīk ahai.''}} *'''[[Alfabet Fonetis Internasional|IPA]]''' {{Quote|ɪʊ lʌɾɪkaː d̪eːkʰʌiː sʊnʌiː mə ʈʰiːk hʌiː<br> ɪ lʌɾɪkaː d̪eːkʰʌiː sʊnʌiː mə ʈʰiːk ʌhʌiː}} ==Rujukan== {{Reflist}} jqv1ddusctaivbo1i2l2lg97jfo0tnn 0 394 38210 37028 2026-06-20T22:57:35Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Pranala dalam tautan 38210 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = Azerbaijani | altname = Azeri, Turki Azerbaijani | nativename = {{lang|az|Azərbaycan dili}}, {{lang|az-Arab|{{nq|آذربایجان دیلی}}}}, {{lang|az-Cyrl|Азәрбајҹан дили}}<ref group=note name=Cyrl>Former [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] spelling used in the [[Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic]].</ref> | image = Azerbaijani.svg | imagecaption = Azerbaijani dilom gaya ''[[Nastaliq]]'' (Iran), Latin (Azerbaijan), rik Sirilik (Rusia). | pronunciation = {{IPA|az|ɑːzæɾbɑjˈdʒɑn diˈli|}} | states = {{ubl|[[Azerbaijan]]|{{hlist|[[Iran]]}}|[[Rusia]]|[[Turki]]|[[Iraq]]{{efn| * The written language of the [[Iraqi Turkmen]] is based on [[Istanbul Turkish]] using the modern [[Turkish alphabet]]. * Professor Christiane Bulut has argued that publications from Azerbaijan often use expressions such as "Azerbaijani (dialects) of Iraq" or "South Azerbaijani" to describe Iraqi Turkmen dialects "with political implications"; however, in Turcological literature, closely related dialects in Turkey and Iraq are generally referred to as "eastern Anatolian" or "Iraq-Turkic/-Turkman" dialects, respectively.<ref name="Bulut 2018b loc=354">{{cite book|last=Bulut|first=Christiane |year=2018b|chapter=The Turkic varieties of Iran|title=The Languages and Linguistics of Western Asia: An Areal Perspective|editor1-last=Haig|editor1-first=Geoffrey|editor2-last=Khan|editor2-first=Geoffrey|page=398|publisher=[[Walter de Gruyter]]|isbn=978-3-11-042168-2}}</ref>}} |[[Georgia|Georgia]]}} | region = [[Iran Azerbaijan]], [[Kaukasus Hulu]] | ethnicity = [[Jolma Azerbaijan|Azerbaijani]] | speakers = {{sigfig|23,849330|2}} juta | date = 2022 | ref = <ref>{{e25|aze}}</ref> | stand1 = Shirvani (Variasi untuk Azerbaijani Liba di Republik Azerbaijan) | stand2 = Tabrizi (Variasi untuk Azerbaijani Hulu di Iran Azerbaijan) | familycolor = Altaic | fam1 = [[Rumpun basa Turkik|Turkik]] | fam2 = [[w:en:Common Turkic languages|Common Turkic]] | fam3 = [[Rumpun basa Oghuz|Oghuz]] | fam4 = Oghuz Lawok | ancestor = [[Basa Turki Anatolia Bahari|Basa Turki Anatolia]] | ancestor2 = [[Basa Ajem-Turkik]] | script = * Di Azerbaijan: [[Huruf Latin]]<ref name="Ethnologue 22 AZJ">{{cite web|access-date=2 February 2020|title=Azerbaijani, North|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/azj|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605145631/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/azj |archive-date=5 June 2019 |website=[[Ethnologue]]}}</ref> ([[Huruf Azerbaijani#Huruf Latin Azerbaijani|Huruf Latin Azerbaijan]]) * Di Iran: [[Huruf Arab Parsi]]<ref name="Ethnologue 22 AZB"/> ([[Huruf Azerbaijan#Huruf Arab Azerbaijani|Huruf Arab Azerbaijan]])<ref name=":0" /> * Di Rusia: [[Huruf Sirilik]]<ref name="Ethnologue 22 AZJ"/> * Di Georgia: [[Huruf Georgia]] (jarang) | dia1 = [[#Dialects of Azerbaijani|Macom-ragom]] | nation = *{{flag|Azerbaijan}} *{{Flag|Rusia}} **{{flag|Dagestan}} * [[Organization of Turkic States]] | agency = {{ubl|[[Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences]] (Azerbaijani Liba)|No regulatory body (Azerbaijani Hulu)}} | iso1 = az | iso2 = aze | iso3 = aze | lc1 = azj | ld1 = Azerbaijani Liba | lc2 = azb | ld2 = Azerbaijani Hulu | glottofoot = no | glotto = azer1255 | glottoname = Oghuz Tongah | glotto2 = | glottorefname2 = | lingua = bagiyan Jak [[Rumpun basa Oghuz|44-AAB-a]] | map = Map of the Azerbaijani language.svg | mapcaption = {{center|Areas that speak Azerbaijani}} {{Legend|#0080FF|The majority speaks Azerbaijani}} {{Legend|#88C4FF|A sizable minority speaks Azerbaijani}} | notice = IPA }} '''Basa Azerbayjan''' joda da Basa [[Rumpun basa Turkik|Rumpun Turki]] cabang [[Rumpun basa Oghuz|Oghuz]] say tituturko di nagara [[Azerbaijan]] bak [[Jolma Azerbaijan]], rik sakitar 25% panduduk [[Iran]].<ref name="Ethnologue 22 AZJ">[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/azj ''Azerbaijani, North''] [https://web.archive.org/web/20190605145631/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/azj Ethnologue]</ref> ==Huruf== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- !scope="col"| Latin Lamo<br/> (versi tahun 1929–1938;<br/> mak lagi tipakay;<br/> tigontiko rik versi tahun 1991) !scope="col"| Latin Resmi<br/> (Azerbayjan<br /> jak tahun 1991) !scope="col"| Kiril<br/> (versi tahun 1958,<br/> lokok resmi<br/> di Dagestan) !scope="col"| Arab-Parsiya<br/> (Iran;<br/> Azerbayjan<br/> tungguk tahun 1929) !scope="col"| IPA |- |colspan="2"| A a | А а | style="font-size: 1.5em;" | آ / ـا | /ɑ/ |- | B в || B b | Б б | style="font-size: 1.5em;" | ب | /b/ |- | Ç ç || C c | Ҹ ҹ | style="font-size: 1.5em;" | ج | /dʒ/ |- | C c || Ç ç | Ч ч | style="font-size: 1.5em;" | چ | /tʃ/ |- |colspan="2"| D d | Д д | style="font-size: 1.5em;" | د | /d/ |- |colspan="2"| E e | Е е | style="font-size: 1.5em;" | ئ | /e/ |- |colspan="2"| Ə ə | Ә ә | style="font-size: 1.5em;" | ا / َ / ە | /æ/ |- |colspan="2"| F f | Ф ф | style="font-size: 1.5em;" | ف | /f/ |- |colspan="2"| G g | Ҝ ҝ | style="font-size: 1.5em;" | گ | /ɟ/ |- | Ƣ ƣ || Ğ ğ | Ғ ғ | style="font-size: 1.5em;" | غ | /ɣ/ |- |colspan="2"| H h | Һ һ | style="font-size: 1.5em;" | ح / ه | /h/ |- |colspan="2"| X x | Х х | style="font-size: 1.5em;" | خ | /x/ |- | Ь ь || I ı | Ы ы | style="font-size: 1.5em;" | ؽ | /ɯ/ |- | I i || İ i | И и | style="font-size: 1.5em;" | ی | /i/ |- | Ƶ ƶ || J j | Ж ж | style="font-size: 1.5em;" | ژ | /ʒ/ |- |colspan="2"| K k | К к | style="font-size: 1.5em;" | ک | /k/, /c/ |- |colspan="2"| Q q | Г г | style="font-size: 1.5em;" | ق | /ɡ/ |- |colspan="2"| L l | Л л | style="font-size: 1.5em;" | ل | /l/ |- |colspan="2"| M m | М м | style="font-size: 1.5em;" | م | /m/ |- |colspan="2"| N n | Н н | style="font-size: 1.5em;" | ن | /n/ |- | Ꞑ ꞑ (Tikacualiko jak lom alfabet di tahun 1938) | – | – | style="font-size: 1.5em;" | ݣ / نگ | /ŋ/ |- |colspan="2"| O o | О о | style="font-size: 1.5em;" | وْ | /o/ |- | Ɵ ɵ || Ö ö | Ө ө | style="font-size: 1.5em;" | ؤ | /œ/ |- |colspan="2"| P p | П п | style="font-size: 1.5em;" | پ | /p/ |- |colspan="2"| R r | Р р | style="font-size: 1.5em;" | ر | /r/ |- |colspan="2"| S s | С с | style="font-size: 1.5em;" | ث / س / ص | /s/ |- |colspan="2"| Ş ş | Ш ш | style="font-size: 1.5em;" | ش | /ʃ/ |- |colspan="2"| T t | Т т | style="font-size: 1.5em;" | ت / ط | /t/ |- |colspan="2"| U u | У у | style="font-size: 1.5em;" | ۇ | /u/ |- | Y y || Ü ü | Ү ү | style="font-size: 1.5em;" | ۆ | /y/ |- |colspan="2"| V v | В в | style="font-size: 1.5em;" | و | /v/ |- | J j || Y y | Ј ј | style="font-size: 1.5em;" | ی | /j/ |- |colspan="2"| Z z | З з | style="font-size: 1.5em;" | ذ / ز / ض / ظ | /z/ |- |colspan="2"| – | ʼ | style="font-size: 1.5em;" | ع | /ʔ/ |} Basa Azerbayjani Liba, mak goh-goh rik [[Bahasa Turki]], golar-golar/kosakata asing tisabdu mari sasuay alfabet Latin Azerbayjani, misalna [[wikt:Bush|Bush]] disabdu Buş rik [[Schröder]] jadi Şröder. Tanda hubung ngaliyu'i baris buhubungan langsung rik suku kata say tiucakko, kacuali untuk konsonan tigeminasi say tiinjuki tanda hubung sabagay ruwa konsonan tipisah lah morfologi nganggapna sabagay ruwa konsonan tipisah sacara buurutan tapi tiucakko di awal suku kata tarakhir sabagay osay konsonan tijang, goh-goh rik dilom basa [[Rumpun basa Turkik|Turki]] barihna. ==Cuntuh Tulisan== ===UDHR pasal 1=== *'''[[Huruf Hijaiyah|Arab]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|بوتون اينسانلار حيثييت و حاقلار باخيميندان دنك برابر و اركين آزاد دوغولارلار. اوس عقل و اويات ويجدان ييهﺳﻴﺪيرلر و بير بيرلرينه قارشى قارداشليق روحو ايله داوراماليدرلار.}}}} </div> *'''[[Alfabet Latin|Transliterasi]]''' {{Quote|''Bütün insanlar heysiyyət və haqlar baxımından dənk bərabər və ərkin azad doğularlar. Us əql və uyat vicdan yiyəsidirlər və bir birlərinə qarşı qardaşlıq ruhu ilə davranmalıdırlar.''}} *'''[[Alfabet Sirilik|Sirilik]]''' {{Quote|Бүтүн инсанлар ләјагәт вә һүгугларына ҝөрә азад бәрабәр доғулурлар. Онларын шүурлары вә виҹданлары вар вә бир-бирләринә мүнасибәтдә гардашлыг руһунда давранмалыдырлар.}} *'''[[Alfabet Sirilik|Sirilik Kursiv]]''' {{Quote|''Бүтүн инсанлар ләјагәт вә һүгугларына ҝөрә азад бәрабәр доғулурлар. Онларын шүурлары вә виҹданлары вар вә бир-бирләринә мүнасибәтдә гардашлыг руһунда давранмалыдырлар.''}} *'''[[Alfabet Latin|Latin (1929)]]''' {{Quote|''Butun insanlar ləƶaqət və huqyqlarьna gөrə azad və bərabər doƣylyrlar. Onarьn şüyralrь və vicdanlarь var və bir-birlərinə munasibətdə qardaşlьq rynhynda davranmalьdьrlar.''}} *'''[[Alfabet Latin|Latin (1991)]]''' {{Quote|''Bütün insanlar läyaqät vä hüquqlarına göre azad bärabär doğulurlar. Onarın şüuralrı vä vicdanları var vä bir-birlärinä münasibätdä qardaşlıq runhunda davranmalıdırlar.''}} *'''[[Alfabet Latin|Latin (1992)]]''' {{Quote|''Bütün insanlar ləyaqət və hüquqlarına görə azad bərabər doğulurlar. Onarın şüuralrı və vicdanları var və bir-birlərinə münasibətdə qardaşlıq runhunda davranmalıdırlar.''}} *'''[[Basa Kumoring|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai goh-goh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.''}} ==Rujukan== {{Reflist}} [[Kaban:Basa]] [[Kaban:Azerbaijan]] egpa5f8k74r0da5x4ikrknur2jvvwyz 0 410 38159 33170 2026-06-20T20:02:33Z Àncilu 1583 [[Usus:LintErrors/misnested-tag]] 38159 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Basa |image = Toba Bataknese script.svg |golar = Batak Toba |native name = ᯂᯖ ᯅᯖᯂ᯲ ᯖᯬᯅ<br>Hata Batak Toba |spoken by = [[Jolma Batak Toba]] |jumlah panutur = 1,6 juta |regions = [[Sumatera Utara|Sumatra Liba]], [[Indonesia]] |family 1 = [[Rumpun Bahasa Austronesia|Austronesia]] |family 2 = [[Rumpun Bahasa Melayu-Polinesia|Melayu-Polinesia]] |family 3 = [[Rumpun Bahasa Batak|Rumpun Batak]] |family 4 = [[Bahasa Batak Toba|Batak Toba]] |family 5 = |writing system = [[Aksara Batak|Surat Batak]]<br>[[Alfabet Latin]] |official = |regulated = |status basa = Lokok tipakay |ISO 639-1 = |ISO 639-2 = |ISO 639-3 = bbc |map = Batak languages id.svg }} '''Basa Batak Toba''' joda da basa say dipakay [[Jolma Batak Toba]] disakitaran [[Danau Toba]], [[Pulau Samosir]], rik wilayah [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara|Tapanuli]] bagiyan liba. ==Huruf== Basa Batak Toba sa rik basa-basa Batak say barih titulis makay huruf tiyan diwik say tisobut rik golar [[aksara Batak]], tapi ganta sa kok makay [[Alfabet Latin]] munih. {| class="wikitable" |+ style="text-align: center;" | ''Ina ni Surat'' |-style="text-align:center;" ! ! a ! ha ! ka ! ba ! pa ! na ! wa ! ga ! ja ! da ! ra ! ma ! ta ! sa ! ya ! nga ! la ! nya ! i ! u |- style="length:20%;" ! style="width:20%; text-align:center;" |Batak Toba | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak A-1, Ha.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]] | align="center" | [[Bondol:Batak Ha-1, Ka-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ha]] | align="center" | [[Bondol:Batak Ha-1, Ka-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ka]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Ba-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ba]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Pa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Na.svg|30px|link=|alt=Na]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Wa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wa]]<hr>[[Bondol:Batak Wa-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wa]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Ga-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ga]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Ja.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ja]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Da.svg|30px|link=|alt=Da]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Ra-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ra]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Ma-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ma]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Ta-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]]<hr>[[Bondol:Batak Ta-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Sa-1, Ca-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Sa]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Ya-1.svg|30px]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Nga.svg|30px|link=|alt=Nga]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak La-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=La]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak Ca-2, Nya.svg|30px|link=|alt=Nya]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak I.svg|30px|link=|alt=I]] | align="center" |[[Bondol:Batak U.svg|30px|link=|alt=I]] |} {| class="wikitable" |+ style="text-align: center;" | ''Anak ni Surat'' |- ! style="text-align: center"| ! -i ! -u ! -é{{Ref label|/e/ sebagaimana e dalam kata "enak"|1}} ! -e{{Ref label|/ə/ sebagaimana e dalam kata "empat"|2}} ! -o ! -ou ! -ng ! -h ! pemati |- style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2"| Batak Toba | [[Bondol:Batak sign I-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-I]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign U.svg|40px|link=|alt=-U]] | [[Bondol:Batak sign E-2.svg|40px|link=|alt=-E]] ! | [[Bondol:Batak sign O-1.svg|40px]] ! | [[Bondol:Batak sign Ng.svg|40px|link=|alt=-Ng]] ! | [[Bondol:Batak sign mute-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-]] |- style="text-align: center" | uluwa | boruta | hatadingan ! | siala ! | hamisaran ! | pangolat |- | colspan="11" style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small;text-align:left" | '''Catatan''' <div style="font-size: smaller;"> :{{Note|/e/|1}} /e/ sanipa juk e dilom kata "enak" :{{Note|/ə/|2}} /ə/ sanipa juk e dilom kata "empat" :{{Note|3|3}} diyakritik panday nggaduh sajumlah variyasi golar say mak unyinna tijajakko dilom tabol sa </div> |} ==Cuntuh Tulisan== ===UDHR pasal 1=== {{Quote|''Ganup manisia ditubuhon lentes dohot marimbang di bagas tohonan dohot tohap dibagabagahon do di nasida angkal huhut roha jala ingkon mangalalushon taradop sada tudoshon na asing di bagas girgir pardonganon.''}} *'''[[Basa Kumoring|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai goh-goh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.''}} ==Liyak Munih== *[[Rumpun Bahasa Batak]] *[[Bahasa Alas-Kluet]] *[[Bahasa Batak Angkola]] *[[Bahasa Batak Mandailing]] *[[Bahasa Karo]] *[[Bahasa Batak Simalungun]] *[[Bahasa Batak Pakpak]] [[Kaban:Basa]] [[Kaban:Indonesia]] 1zf2lueqlqdjnjbijie9totfp3iix1t 0 412 38172 35172 2026-06-20T22:11:14Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38172 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bahasa| | Golar = Belarusia | Golar Asli = Беларуская Мова | Golar Asli Transliterasi = Bielaruskaja Mova | Gambar = [[Bondol:Idioma bielorruso.png|500px|thumb|Wilayah sebar tutur Bahasa Belarusia]] | Nagara = [[Belarusia]] | Pok = [[Eropa]] | Jumlah Panutur = 5,1 juta jiwa | Sistim Panulisan = [[Alfabet Sirilik]] | Status = Lokok tipakai | Etnis = [[Jolma Belarusia]] | Dialek = | Kaluwarga Bahasa = 1. [[Rumpun Bahasa Indo-Eropa|Indo-Eropa]]<br>2. [[Rumpun Bahasa Slavia|Slavia]]<br>3. [[Bahasa Belarusia]] | Bahasa say Tikahik = }} '''Basa Belarusia''' joda da salah osay basa Slavia say dituturko [[Jolma Belarusia]] di nagara [[Belarusia]].<ref name=census>Data from 1999 Belarusian general census [http://belstat.gov.by/homep/en/census/main.php dilom Bahasa Inggris] [https://web.archive.org/web/20090505120940/http://belstat.gov.by/homep/en/census/main.php 5 Mei 2009]</ref><ref>Jak jumlah sina, sakitar 3,370,000 jiwa atawa (41.3%) jak nagara [[Belarusia]], sodongko sakitar 257,000 jiwa jak etnis barih ([[Jolma Rusia|Rusia]], [[Jolma Polandia|Polandia]], [[Jolma Ukraina|Ukraina]], rik [[Jolma Yahudi|Yahudi]]).</ref> Sakitar 6,984,000 jiwa atawa (85.6%) jak nagara [[Belarusia]] nganyatoko bahwa Basa Belarusia sa joda da "Bahasa Indok" tiyan. Sumber barih pocak ''[[Ethnologue]]'', nganyatoko bahwa sakitar 3.510.000 jiwa panutur aktif di [[Belarusia]]. Di [[Rusia]], Basa Belarusia sa tianggap sabagay "Bahasa sai Familiar" bak sakitar 316,000 jiwa, di antarana sakitar 248,000 jiwa warga [[Belarusia]], nyakup sakitar 30.7% [[Jolma Belarusia]] say ngaman di nagara [[Rusia]] (data jak [[Sensus Rusia (2002)]] [http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/ di Rusia]. Di [[Ukraina]], Basa Belarusia tinyatoko sabagay "Bahasa Indok" bak sakitar 55,000 jiwa [[Jolma Belarusia]], say nyakup sakitar 19.7% [[Jolma Belarusia]] say ngaman di nagara [[Ukraina]] (data jak tahun 2001 Sensus Ukrayna [http://www.ukrcensus.gov.ua/ di Ukraina]). Di [[Polandia]], Basa Belarusia sa tinyatoko sabagay "Bahasa sai tipakai di lombahan" bak sakitar 40,000 jiwa (data jak tahun 2002 Sensus Umum Polandia [http://www.stat.gov.pl/dane_spol-gosp/nsp/ludnosc/index.htm Table 34 (di Polandia)] <ref>[http://www.stat.gov.pl/dane_spol-gosp/nsp/ludnosc/index.htm ''Ludność'']. Stan I Struktura Demograficzno-Społeczna [https://web.archive.org/web/20050525185706/http://www.stat.gov.pl/dane_spol-gosp/nsp/ludnosc/index.htm mak tikapandai]</ref> ==Cuntuh Tulisan== ===UDHR pasal 1:=== *'''[[Alfabet Sirilik|Sirilik]]''' {{Quote|Усе людзі нараджаюцца свабоднымі і роўнымі ў сваёй годнасці і правах. Яны надзелены розумам і сумленнем і павінны ставіцца адзін да аднаго ў духу брацтва.}} *'''[[Alfabet Sirilik|Sirilik Kursiv]]''' {{Quote|''Усе людзі нараджаюцца свабоднымі і роўнымі ў сваёй годнасці і правах. Яны надзелены розумам і сумленнем і павінны ставіцца адзін да аднаго ў духу брацтва.''}} *'''[[Alfabet Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Usie liudzi naradžajucca svabodnymi i roŭnymi ŭ svajoj hodnaści i pravach. Jany nadzielieny rozumam i sumlienniem i pavinny stavicca adzin da adnaho ŭ duchu bractva.''}} *'''[[Bahasa Komering|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai goh-goh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.''}} ==Rujukan== {{Reflist}} mncfoqg0l8cboszxqapno5jerk9f3pc 0 431 38186 35075 2026-06-20T22:24:54Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38186 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = Buryat | nativename = {{lang|bua-Cyrl|Буряад хэлэн}}<br>{{lang|bua-Latn|Buryaad khelen}}<br/>{{mongolUnicode|ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ<br/>ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ<br/>ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ|lang=bua}} | states = [[Rusia]] Darak ([[Buryatia|Rapublik Buryatia]], [[Ust-Orda Buryat Okrug|Ust-Orda Buryatia]], [[Agin-Buryat Okrug|Agin Buryatia]]), [[Mongolia]] Liba, [[Cina]] Liba Ngadarak ([[Hulunbuir]], [[Mongolia Dilom]]) | ethnicity = [[Jolma Buryat]], [[Jolma Barga|Barga Mongol]] | speakers = {{sigfig|436,300|2}} ribu | date = 2017–2020 | ref = e26 | familycolor = Altaic | fam1 = [[Rumpun basa Mongolik|Mongolik]] | fam2 = Mongolik Tongah | fam3 = Buryat–[[Basa Mongol|Mongolia]] | nation = [[Buryatia]] (Russia) | script = [[Huruf Sirilik|Sirilik]], [[Huruf Mongol|Mongol]], [[Huruf Vagindra|Vagindra]], [[Huruf Latin|Latin]] | iso2 = bua | iso2comment = Buriat<!--name as listed at ISO 639-2 Registration Authority--> | iso3 = bua | iso3comment = Buriat<!--name as listed at ISO 639-3 Registration Authority--> | lc1 = bxu | ld1 = Mongolia Dilom (Cina) Buriat<!--name as listed at ISO 639-3 Registration Authority--> | lc2 = bxm | ld2 = Mongolia Buriat<!--name as listed at ISO 639-3 Registration Authority--> | lc3 = bxr | ld3 = Russia Buriat<!--name as listed at ISO 639-3 Registration Authority--> | glotto = buri1258 | glottorefname = Buriat<!--name as listed at Glottolog--> | notice = IPA | map = Idioma buriato.png | mapcaption = {{imagefact|date=December 2022}} | map2 = Lang Status 60-DE.svg | mapcaption2 = {{center|{{small|Buryat is classified as Definitely Endangered by the [[UNESCO]] ''[[Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]''}}}} | pronunciation = {{IPA|[bʊˈrʲaːt xɤ̞.ˈlɤ̞ŋ]}} }} '''Basa Buryat''' joda da salah osay basa say dituturko [[Jolma Buryat]] rik [[Jolma Barga]] di nagara [[Rusia]] rik [[Mongolia]]. ==Cuntuh Tulisan== ===UDHR pasal 1=== *'''[[Alfabet Sirilik|Sirilik]]''' {{Quote|Хүн бүри түрэхэһөө эрхэ сүлөөтэй, нэрэ түрэ, эрхынхээ хубида адли тэгшэ байна. Тэдэндэ оюун ухаан, үрэлиг сэдьхэл заяаһан болоод өөр хоорондоо ахан дүүгын ёһоор харилсаха ёһотой.}} *'''[[Alfabet Sirilik|Sirilik Kursiv]]''' {{Quote|''Хүн бүри түрэхэһөө эрхэ сүлөөтэй, нэрэ түрэ, эрхынхээ хубида адли тэгшэ байна. Тэдэндэ оюун ухаан, үрэлиг сэдьхэл заяаһан болоод өөр хоорондоо ахан дүүгын ёһоор харилсаха ёһотой.''}} *'''[[Alfabet Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Xün büri türexehöö erxe sülöötei, nere türe, erxynxee xubida adli tegşe baina. Tedende ojuun uxaan, ürelig sedjxel zajahan bolood öör xoorondoo axan düügyn johoor xarilsaxa johotoi.''}} *'''[[Basa Kumoring|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai goh-goh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.''}} ==Huruf== ;[[Alfabet Latin|Alfabet Latin Buryat]] (1931–39) {| style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS; font-size:1.4em; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF" | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | A a | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | B b | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | C c | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ç ç | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | D d | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | E e | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | F f | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | G g |- | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | H h | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | I i | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | J j | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | K k | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | L l | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | M m | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | N n | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | O o |- | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ө ө | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | P p | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | R r | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | S s | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ş ş | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | T t | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | U u | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | V v |- | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | X x<ref name="b">Letter established in 1937</ref> | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Y y | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Z z | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ƶ ƶ | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ь<ref name="b"/> | | | |} ;[[Alfabet Sirilik|Alfabet Sirilik Modern Buryat Modern]] jak tahun 1939 {| style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS; font-size:1.4em; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF" | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | А а | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Б б | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | В в | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Г г | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Д д | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Е е | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ё ё | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ж ж |- | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | З з | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | И и | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Й й | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | К к | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Л л | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | М м | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Н н | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | О о |- | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | [[Ө|Ө ө]] | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | П п | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Р р | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | С с | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Т т | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | У у | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | [[Ү|Ү ү]] | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ф ф |- | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Х х | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | [[Һ|Һ һ]] | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ц ц | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ч ч | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ш ш | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Щ щ | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ъ ъ | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ы ы |- | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ь ь | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Э э | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ю ю | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Я я | | | |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! [[Alfabet Sirilik|Sirilik]](resmi) ! [[Alfabet Latin|Latin]] (modern) ! [[Alfabet Latin|Latin]] (bahari) |- | А, а | A, a | A, a |- | Б, б | B, b | B, в |- | В, в | V, v | V, v |- | Г, г | G, g | G, g |- | Д, д | D, d | D, d |- | Е, е / Э, э | E, e | E, e |- | Ё, ё | Yo, yo | Jo, jo |- | Ж, ж | J, j | Ƶ, ƶ |- | З, з | Z, z | Z, z |} ===Tabel Huruf Buryat=== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center" |+Huruf-huruf Buryat<ref>[http://www.eki.ee/knab/lat/kblbua.pdf ''Buryat romanization''] 2012-09-26, Institute of the Estonian Language [https://web.archive.org/web/20150427195919/http://www.eki.ee/knab/lat/kblbua.pdf dilom Bahasa Inggris rik Lokok tipakai]</ref> |- ! [[Alfabet Sirilik|Sirilik]]<br/>(с. 1939) !! [[Alfabet Latin|Latin]]<br/>(1930–1939) !! [[Alfabet Latin|Latin]]<br/>(1910) !! [[Huruf Mongol]] |- | А а || A a || A a || {{MongolUnicode|ᠠ}} |- | Б б || B b || B b || {{MongolUnicode|ᠪ}} |- | В в || V v || - || {{MongolUnicode|ᠸ}} |- | Г г || G g || G g || {{MongolUnicode|ᠭ}} |- | Д д || D d || D d || {{MongolUnicode|ᠳ}} |- | Е е || - || - || - |- | Ё ё || - || - || - |- | Ж ж || Ƶ ƶ || J j || {{MongolUnicode|ᠵ}} |- | З з || Z z || Z z || - |- | И и || I i || I i || {{MongolUnicode|ᠢ}} |- | Й й || J j || Y y || {{MongolUnicode|ᠶ}} |- | К к || K k || - || {{MongolUnicode|ᠺ}} |- | Л л || L l || L l || {{MongolUnicode|ᠯ}} |- | М м || M m || M m || {{MongolUnicode|ᠮ}} |- | Н н || N n || N n || {{MongolUnicode|ᠨ}}, {{MongolUnicode|ᠩ}} |- | О о || O o || O o || {{MongolUnicode|ᠣ}} |- | Ө ө || Ө ө || Eo eo || {{MongolUnicode|ᠥ}} |- | П п || P p || P p || {{MongolUnicode|ᠫ}} |- | Р р || R r || R r || {{MongolUnicode|ᠷ}} |- | С с || S s || C c || {{MongolUnicode|ᠰ}} |- | Т т || T t || T t || {{MongolUnicode|ᠲ}} |- | У у || U u || U u || {{MongolUnicode|ᠣ}} |- | Ү ү || Y y || Eu eu || {{MongolUnicode|ᠥ}} |- | Ф ф || F f || - || - |- | Х х || H h, K k || H h || {{MongolUnicode|ᠬ}} |- | Һ һ || X x || X x || {{MongolUnicode|ᠾ}} |- | Ц ц || C c || C c || - |- | Ч ч || Ç ç || - || {{MongolUnicode|ᠴ}} |- | Ш ш || Ş ş || S s || {{MongolUnicode|ᠱ}} |- | Щ щ || - || - || - |- | Ъ ъ || - || - || - |- | Ы ы || Ь ь || - || - |- | Ь ь || - || - || - |- | Э э || E e || E e || {{MongolUnicode|ᠡ}} |- | Ю ю || - || - || - |- | Я я || - || - || - |} ==== Angka ==== {|class="wikitable" |- !rowspan=2| ||rowspan=2|Kumoring||rowspan=2|Inggris||rowspan=2|[[Bahasa Mongolia Klasik|Mongolia<br/> Klasik]]||rowspan=2|[[Bahasa Mongolia|Khalkha]]||colspan=2|Buryat |- !Latin !! Sirilik |- |1||osay||one||{{lang|cmg-Latn|nige}}||{{lang|khk-Latn|neg}}||{{transl|bua|negen}}||{{lang|bua|нэгэн}} |- |2||ruwa||two||{{lang|cmg-Latn|qoyar}}||{{lang|khk-Latn|khoyor}}||{{transl|bua|khoyor}}||{{lang|bua|хоёр}} |- |3||tolu||three||{{lang|cmg-Latn|hurba(n)}}||{{lang|khk-Latn|gurav}}||{{transl|bua|gurban}}||{{lang|bua|гурбан}} |- |4||opak||four||{{lang|cmg-Latn|dörbe(n)}}||{{lang|khk-Latn|döröv}}||{{transl|bua|dürben}}||{{lang|bua|дүрбэн}} |- |5||lima||five||{{lang|cmg-Latn|tabu}}||{{lang|khk-Latn|tav}}||{{transl|bua|taban}}||{{lang|bua|табан}} |- |6||onom||six||{{lang|cmg-Latn|jirguga(n)}}||{{lang|khk-Latn|zurgaa}}||{{transl|bua|zurgaan}}||{{lang|bua|зургаан}} |- |7||pitu||seven||{{lang|cmg-Latn|doluga(n)}}||{{lang|khk-Latn|doloo}}||{{transl|bua|doloon}}||{{lang|bua|долоон}} |- |8||walu||eight||{{lang|cmg-Latn|naima(n)}}||{{lang|khk-Latn|naim}}||{{transl|bua|naiman}}||{{lang|bua|найман}} |- |9||suway||nine||{{lang|cmg-Latn|yisü}}||{{lang|khk-Latn|yos}}||{{transl|bua|yühen}}||{{lang|bua|юһэн}} |- |10||puluh||ten||{{lang|cmg-Latn|arba(n)}}||{{lang|khk-Latn|arav}}||{{transl|bua|arban}}||{{lang|bua|арбан}} |} ==Rujukan== {{Reflist}} 5hyzlavz1scd0gd55cyqyabxafr2cby 0 433 38182 35193 2026-06-20T22:19:50Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38182 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Basa Ceko''' joda da salah osay basa say dituturko [[Jolma Ceko]] di nagara [[Ceko]]. ==Huruf== Basa Ceko sa uwat 42 ngabungkal huruf {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Huruf Ceko ! colspan="21" | Huruf Balak |- | A || Á || B || C || Č || D || Ď || E || É || Ě || F | G || H || Ch|| I || Í || J || K || L || M || N |- | Ň || O || Ó || P || Q || R || Ř || S || Š || T || Ť | U || Ú || Ů || V || W || X || Y || Ý || Z || Ž |- ! colspan="21" | Huruf Ronik |- | a || á || b || c || č || d || ď || e || é || ě || f | g || h || ch|| i || í || j || k || l || m || n |- | ň || o || ó || p || q || r || ř || s || š || t || ť | u || ú || ů || v || w || x || y || ý || z || ž |} ==Cuntuh Tulisan== ===UDHR pasal 1=== Dibah sa uwat cuntuh tulisan say makay UDHR pasal 1 dilom [[Alfabet Latin|bahasa Ceko]] rik hortina dilom [[Bahasa Komering]]. *'''[[Alfabet Latin|Bahasa Ceko]]''' {{Quote|''Všichni lidé rodí se svobodní a sobě rovní co do důstojnosti a práv. Jsou nadáni rozumem a svědomím a mají spolu jednat v duchu bratrství.''}} *'''[[Bahasa Komering|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai gohgoh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.''}} hsxjlhqp3ul4l2r0wyeracwjb7q0pil 0 445 38207 32524 2026-06-20T22:55:14Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Pranala dalam tautan 38207 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bahasa| | Golar = Dari | Golar Asli = دری | Golar Asli Transliterasi = Dari | Gambar = [[Bondol:Dari.png|250px|thumb|'''Dari''']] | Nagara = [[Bondol:Flag of Taliban.svg|25px|border]] [[Afghanistan]] | Pok = [[Asia Selatan|Asia Hulu]] | Jumlah Panutur = 35 juta jiwa | Sistim Panulisan = [[Abjad Arab-Persia|Arab]] | Status = Lokok tipakai | Etnis = [[Jolma Persia|Jolma Persia ?]] | Dialek = Badakhshi | Kaluwarga Bahasa = 1. [[Rumpun Bahasa Indo-Eropa|Indo-Eropa]]<br>2. [[Rumpun Bahasa Indo-Iran|Indo-Iran]]<br>3. [[Bahasa Persia]]<br>4. [[Bahasa Dari]] | Bahasa say Tikahik = [[Bahasa Persia|Persia]], [[Bahasa Tajik|Tajik]] }} '''Basa Dari''' joda da salah osay basa say dituturko [[Jolma Persia|Jolma Persia Afghanistan]] di nagara [[Afghanistan]] rik [[Iran]], say tipakay sabagay ''lingua franca'' bak lamon jolma di [[Afghanistan]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=nayangEACAAJ ''Afghan Folktales from Herat: Persian Texts in Transcription and Translation''] (2009) Cambria Press ISBN 978-1-60497-652-6</ref><ref>[http://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/search/?q=Farsi&sort=title.sort&start=0 ''11 books''] afghanistandl.nyu.edu, [https://web.archive.org/web/20180309054510/http://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/search/?q=Farsi&sort=title.sort&start=0 lokok aktif]</ref><ref name="Iranica">Lazard, G. "[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/dari Darī&nbsp;– The New Persian Literary Language] [https://web.archive.org/web/20201124025639/https://iranicaonline.org/articles/dari"], in ''[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]'', Online Edition 2006.</ref><ref>[http://tajikam.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13''Tajikam Portal - Secret documents Reveal Afghan Language Policy''] tajikam.com [https://web.archive.org/web/20200623162603/http://tajikam.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13 lokok aktif]</ref> Di sumber-sumber Barat ija tikonal sabagay Parsiya Afghanistan atawa Parsiya Darak.<ref>[http://www.datadust.de/download/farsi2dari/ ''Airgram Farsi to Dari 1964 Embassy Kabul to USA''] [https://web.archive.org/web/20190927192306/http://www.datadust.de/download/farsi2dari/ lokok aktif]</ref><ref name="CIA">[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2098.html?countryName=Afghanistan&countryCode=af&regionCode=sas&#af ''Afghanistan''] (2010) Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook [https://web.archive.org/web/20131015094344/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2098.html?countryName=Afghanistan&countryCode=af&regionCode=sas&#af mak aktif lagi]</ref><ref name="www.sil.org">[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=prs ''Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: prs''] [[SIL International]] (2010) [https://web.archive.org/web/20120918010720/http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=prs lokok aktif]</ref><ref>[https://thediplomat.com/2017/11/afghanistans-persian-linguistic-identity/ ''Afghanistan's Persian Linguistic Identity''] The Diplomat {{Quote|''Persian speakers in the country say 'the term Dari has been forced on them by the dominant Pashtun ethnic group as an attempt to distance Afghans from their cultural, linguistic, and historical ties to the Persian-speaking world''}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20190802055910/https://thediplomat.com/2017/11/afghanistans-persian-linguistic-identity/ dilom [[Bahasa Inggris|Bahasa Inggris Amerika]] rik lokok aktif]</ref><ref>[https://iranicaonline.org/articles/kaboli-colloquial-persian ''Kāboli''] Encyclopaedia Iranica {{Quote|''Persian in Afghanistan is generally called fārsi by Persian-speakers and pārsi in Pashto. The standard written Persian of Afghanistan has officially been called Dari since 1964; apart from a few basics of vocabulary, however (and more Indo-Persian calligraphic styles in the Perso-Arabic script), there is little difference between formal written Persian of Afghanistan and of Iran. The term "Dari" is often loosely used for the characteristic spoken Persian of Afghanistan, but is best restricted to formal spoken registers (poetry, speeches, newscasts, and other broadcast announcements).''}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20110429160106/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kaboli-colloquial-persian lokok aktif rik dilom] [[Bahasa Inggris|Bahasa Inggris Amerika]]</ref> Dari joda da basa resmi bagi 35 juta rakyat [[Afghanistan]]<ref>Central Intelligence Agency [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/afghanistan/ ''South Asia :: Afghanistan''] The World Factbook [https://web.archive.org/web/20210104184342/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/afghanistan/ lokok aktif]</ref><ref>[https://guides.library.illinois.edu/c.php?g=347570&p=2349642 ''LibGuides: Dari Language: Language History''] International and Area Studies Library, guides.library.illinois.edu [https://web.archive.org/web/20210805172825/https://guides.library.illinois.edu/c.php?g=347570&p=2349642 lokok aktif]</ref><ref>Nile Green [https://books.google.com/books?id=2SbtugAACAAJ ''Afghanistan in Ink: Literature Between Diaspora and Nation''] Nushin Arbabzadah, Hurst, ISBN 978-1-84904-204-8 hal 13 dilom [[Bahasa Inggris]]</ref> ==Huruf== Basa Parsiya Iran rik [[Bahasa Dari|Persia Dari]] di [[Afghanistan]] makay [[Abjad Arab-Persia]], sodongko [[Bahasa Tajik]] titulis makay [[Alfabet Sirilik]]. Sabonorna makka sumang hamak rik [[Huruf Hijaiyah|Huruf Arab]] say biasona, bih ija nambahi pira ngabungkal huruf bugahan. {| class="wikitable sortable" |- style="text-align:center;" !rowspan="2"| # ! rowspan="2" | Golar<br/>Persia ! rowspan="2" | Golar<br/>(Transliterasi) !rowspan="2"| Transliterasi !rowspan="2"| [[Alfabet Fonetis Internasional|IPA]] !rowspan="2"| [[Unicode]] !colspan="4"| Bontuk kontekstual |- ! Uncuk ! Tongah ! Pangkal ! Posay |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="4" |0 | rowspan="4" | {{Lang|fa|همزه}} | rowspan="4" | {{Lang|fa|[[Hamza|hamze]]}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.persianacademy.ir/UserFiles/Image/Dastoor-e%20khat/d02.pdf |title=?? |publisher=Persianacademy.ir |access-date=2015-09-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924071650/http://www.persianacademy.ir/UserFiles/Image/Dastoor-e%20khat/d02.pdf |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | rowspan="4" |{{Lang|sem|ʾ}} | rowspan="4" |[[Glottal stop]] {{IPAblink|ʔ}} | [[ء|U+0621]] | – | – | – |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ء}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [[أ|U+0623]] | colspan="2" style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" |{{Lang|fa|ـأ}} | colspan="2" style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" |{{Lang|fa|أ}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [[ئ|U+0626]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـئ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـئـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ئـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ئ}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [[ؤ|U+0624]] | colspan="2" style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" |{{Lang|fa|ـؤ}} | colspan="2" style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" |{{Lang|fa|ؤ}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 1 | {{Lang|fa|الف}} |{{Lang|fa|ʾalef}} | {{Lang|sem|â}} | {{IPAblink|ɒ}} | [[ا|U+0627]] | colspan="2" style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" | {{Lang|fa|ـا}} | colspan="2" style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" |{{Lang|fa|ا}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 2 | {{Lang|fa|ب}} | {{Lang|fa|be}} | {{Lang|sem|b}} | {{IPAblink|b}} | [[ب|U+0628]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـب}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـبـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|بـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ب}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 3 | {{Lang|fa|پ}} | {{Lang|fa|pe}} | {{Lang|sem|p}} | {{IPAblink|p}} | [[پ|U+067E]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـپ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـپـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|پـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|پ}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 4 | {{Lang|fa|ت}} | {{Lang|fa|te}} | {{Lang|sem|t}} | {{IPAblink|t}} | [[ت|U+062A]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـت}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـتـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|تـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ت}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 5 | {{Lang|fa|ث}} | {{Lang|fa|s̱e}} | {{Lang|sem|s̱}} | {{IPAblink|s}} | [[ث|U+062B]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـث}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـثـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ثـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ث}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 6 | {{Lang|fa|جیم}} | {{Lang|fa|jim}} | {{Lang|sem|j}} | {{IPAblink|d͡ʒ}} | [[ج|U+062C]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـج}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـجـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|جـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ج}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 7 | {{Lang|fa|چ}} | {{Lang|fa|če}} | {{Lang|sem|č}} | {{IPAblink|t͡ʃ}} | [[چ|U+0686]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـچ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـچـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|چـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|چ}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 8 | {{Lang|fa|ح}} | {{Lang|fa|ḥe}}{{Lang|fa|ḥâ-ye ḥotti}}{{Lang|fa|ḥâ-ye jimi}} | {{Lang|sem|ḥ}} | {{IPAblink|h}} | [[ح|U+062D]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـح}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـحـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|حـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ح}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 9 | {{Lang|fa|خ}} | {{Lang|fa|xe}} | {{Lang|sem|x}} | {{IPAblink|x}} | [[خ|U+062E]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـخ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـخـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|خـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|خ}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 10 | {{Lang|fa|دال}} | {{Lang|fa|dâl}} | {{Lang|sem|d}} | {{IPAblink|d}} | [[د|U+062F]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" colspan=2|{{Lang|fa|ـد}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" colspan=2|{{Lang|fa|د}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 11 | {{Lang|fa|ذال}} | {{Lang|fa|ẕâl}} | {{Lang|sem|ẕ}} | {{IPAblink|z}} | [[ذ|U+0630]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" colspan=2|{{Lang|fa|ـذ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" colspan=2|{{Lang|fa|ذ}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 12 | {{Lang|fa|ر}} | {{Lang|fa|re}} | {{Lang|sem|r}} | {{IPAblink|r}} | [[ر|U+0631]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" colspan=2|{{Lang|fa|ـر}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" colspan=2|{{Lang|fa|ر}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 13 | {{Lang|fa|ز}} | {{Lang|fa|ze}} | {{Lang|sem|z}} | {{IPAblink|z}} | [[ز|U+0632]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" colspan=2|{{Lang|fa|ـز}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" colspan=2|{{Lang|fa|ز}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 14 | {{Lang|fa|ژ}} | {{Lang|fa|že}} | {{Lang|sem|ž}} | {{IPAblink|ʒ}} | [[ژ|U+0698]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" colspan=2|{{Lang|fa|ـژ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" colspan=2|{{Lang|fa|ژ}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 15 | {{Lang|fa|سین}} | {{Lang|fa|sin}} | {{Lang|sem|s}} | {{IPAblink|s}} | [[س|U+0633]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـس}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـسـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|سـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|س}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 16 | {{Lang|fa|شین}} | {{Lang|fa|šin}} | {{Lang|sem|š}} | {{IPAblink|ʃ}} | [[ش|U+0634]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـش}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـشـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|شـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ش}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 17 | {{Lang|fa|صاد}} | {{Lang|fa|ṣâd}} | {{Lang|sem|ṣ}} | {{IPAblink|s}} | [[ص|U+0635]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـص}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـصـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|صـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ص}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 18 | {{Lang|fa|ضاد}} | {{Lang|fa|zâd}} | {{Lang|sem|ż}} | {{IPAblink|z}} | [[ض|U+0636]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـض}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـضـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ضـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ض}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 19 | {{Lang|fa|طا}} | {{Lang|fa|tâ}} | {{Lang|sem|t}} | {{IPAblink|t}} | [[ط|U+0637]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـط}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـطـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|طـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ط}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 20 | {{Lang|fa|ظا}} | {{Lang|fa|ẓâ}} | {{Lang|sem|ẓ}} | {{IPAblink|z}} | [[ظ|U+0638]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـظ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـظـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ظـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ظ}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 21 | {{Lang|fa|عین}} | {{Lang|fa|ʿayn}} | {{Lang|sem|ʿ}} | {{IPAblink|ʔ}}, {{IPAblink|æ}}/{{IPAblink|a}} | [[ع|U+0639]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـع}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـعـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|عـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ع}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 22 | {{Lang|fa|غین}} | {{Lang|fa|ġayn}} | {{Lang|sem|ġ}} | {{IPAblink|ɢ}}, {{IPAblink|ɣ}} | [[غ|U+063A]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـغ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـغـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|غـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|غ}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 23 | {{Lang|fa|ف}} | {{Lang|fa|fe}} | {{Lang|sem|f}} | {{IPAblink|f}} | [[ف|U+0641]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـف}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـفـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|فـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ف}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 24 | {{Lang|fa|قاف}} | {{Lang|fa|qâf}} | {{Lang|sem|q}} | {{IPAblink|q}} | [[ق|U+0642]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـق}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـقـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|قـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ق}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 25 | {{Lang|fa|کاف}} | {{Lang|fa|kâf}} | {{Lang|sem|k}} | {{IPAblink|k}} | [[ک|U+06A9]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـک}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـکـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|کـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ک}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 26 | {{Lang|fa|گاف}} | {{Lang|fa|gâf}} | {{Lang|sem|g}} | {{IPAblink|ɡ}} | [[گ|U+06AF]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـگ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـگـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|گـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|گ}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 27 | {{Lang|fa|لام}} | {{Lang|fa|lâm}} | {{Lang|sem|l}} | {{IPAblink|l}} | [[ل|U+0644]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـل}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـلـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|لـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ل}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 28 | {{Lang|fa|میم}} | {{Lang|fa|mim}} | {{Lang|sem|m}} | {{IPAblink|m}} | [[م|U+0645]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـم}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـمـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|مـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|م}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 29 | {{Lang|fa|نون}} | {{Lang|fa|nun}} | {{Lang|sem|n}} | {{IPAblink|n}} | [[ن|U+0646]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـن}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـنـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|نـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ن}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="2" | 30 | rowspan="2" | {{Lang|fa|واو}} | {{Lang|pes|vâv}}([[Bahasa Parsiya|Farsi]]) | {{Lang|sem|v}}{{Lang|sem|ū}}{{Lang|sem|ow}}{{Lang|sem|o}} | {{IPAblink|uː}}<br>{{IPA|[{{IPAblink|ow}}]}}[{{IPAblink|v}}][{{IPAblink|o}}]<br>(bih di uncuk kata) | rowspan="2" | [[و|U+0648]] | colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" |{{Lang|fa|ـو}} | colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" |{{Lang|fa|و}} |- style="text-align:center;" |{{Lang|prs|wâw}}([[Bahasa Dari|Dari]]) |{{Lang|sem|w}}{{Lang|sem|ū}}{{Lang|sem|aw}}{{Lang|sem|ō}} | {{IPAblink|uː}}<br>[{{IPAblink|w}}]{{IPA|[{{IPAblink|aw}}]}}[{{IPAblink|oː}}] |- style="text-align:center;" | 31 | {{Lang|fa|ه}} | {{Lang|fa|he}}{{Lang|fa|hā-ye havvaz}}{{Lang|fa|hā-ye do-češm}} | {{Lang|sem|h}} | {{IPAblink|h}}atawa {{IPAblink|e}}rik {{IPAblink|a}}(uncuk kata) | [[ه|U+0647]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـه}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـهـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|هـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ه}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 32 | {{Lang|fa|ی}} | {{Lang|fa|ye}} | {{Lang|sem|y}}{{Lang|sem|ī}}{{Lang|sem|á}}{{Lang|sem|ay}}{{Lang|sem|ē}}munih dilom [[Bahasa Dari|Dari]] | {{IPAblink|j}}{{IPAblink|i}}{{IPAblink|ɒː}}{{IPA|[{{IPAblink|aj}}]}}{{IPAblink|eː}}dilom [[Bahasa Dari|Dari]] | [[ی|U+06CC]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـی}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـیـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|یـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ی}} |} {| class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.6;text-align:center" ! Bunyi ! Posay ! Uncuk ! Tongah ! Pangkal ! Golar |- | style="font-size: 1.25em;" |{{IPAslink|β}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Lang|fa|ڤ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Lang|fa|ـڤ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Lang|fa|ـڤـ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Lang|fa|ڤـ}} | ''βe'' |} ==== Variasi ==== {| class="wikitable" |- style="text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;font-size:200%" | colspan="3" | {{Script/Arabic|[[ی]] [[ه]] [[و]] [[ن]] [[م]] [[ل]] [[گ]] [[ک]] [[ق]] [[ف]] [[غ]] [[ع]] [[ظ]] [[ط]] [[ض]] [[ص]] [[ش]] [[س]] [[ژ]] [[ز]] [[ر]] [[ذ]] [[د]] [[خ]] [[ح]] [[چ]] [[ج]] [[ث]] [[ت]] [[پ]] [[ب]] [[ا]] [[ء]]}} |- | rowspan="16" |[[bondol:Farsi in 16 fonts 2020-03-22 213757.png|1024px|center]] | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#3f007f" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Noto Nastaliq Urdu |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#003399" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Scheherazade |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#00549a" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Lateef |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#007670" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Noto Naskh Arabic |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#00b050" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Markazi Text |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#49da00" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Noto Sans Arabic |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#ffc900" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Baloo Bhaijaan |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#ff9800" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | El Messiri SemiBold |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#ff3300" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Lemonada Medium |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#ff00aa" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Changa Medium |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#c900ff" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Mada |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#9933ff" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Noto Kufi Arabic |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#6600ff" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Reem Kufi |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#0000cc" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Lalezar |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#003399" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Jomhuria |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#002570" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Rakkas |- | colspan=3 | '''The alphabet in 16 fonts:''' Noto Nastaliq Urdu, Scheherazade, Lateef, Noto Naskh Arabic, Markazi Text, Noto Sans Arabic, Baloo Bhaijaan, El Messiri SemiBold, Lemonada Medium, Changa Medium, Mada, Noto Kufi Arabic, Reem Kufi, Lalezar, Jomhuria, and Rakkas. |- |} ==== Konstruksi huruf ==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- |- ! rowspan=5 colspan=1 | Bontuk {{Ref|illustrative_only|(i)}} ! colspan=3 | Posay | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ء]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ا]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ى]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ں]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ٮ]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ح]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[س]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ص]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ط]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ع]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ڡ]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ٯ]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ک]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ل]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[م]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[د]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ر]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[و]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ه]]}} |- |- ! colspan=3 | Pangkal | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ء }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ا }} | colspan=3 style="white-space:nowrap;" style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ٮـ }} <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur| ٮـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur| ٮـ }} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| حـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| سـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| صـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| طـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| عـ }} | colspan=2 style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ڡـ }} <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur| ٯـ }} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| کـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| لـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| مـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| د }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ر }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| و }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| هـ }} |- ! colspan=3 | Tongah | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ء }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـا }} | colspan=3 style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـٮـ }} <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur| ـٮـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur| ـٮـ }} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـحـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـسـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـصـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـطـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـعـ }} | colspan=2 style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـڡـ }} <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur| ـٯـ }} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـکـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـلـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـمـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـد }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـر }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـو }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـهـ }} |- ! colspan=3 | Uncuk | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ء }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـا }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـى }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـں }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـٮ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـح }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـس }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـص }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـط }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـع }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـڡ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـٯ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـک }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـل }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـم }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـد }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـر }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـو }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـه }} |- |- ! colspan=1 rowspan=2 | [[i'jam]] {{Ref|illustrative_only|(i)}} <!-- ! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! ! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! --> |- |- style="font-size:80%" ! colspan=4 | [[Unicode]] | <!-- ء --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0621 0621 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0621 .] | <!-- ا --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0627 0627 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0627 .] | <!-- ى --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0649 0649 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0649 .] | <!-- ں --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06BA 06BA .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+06BA .] | <!-- ٮ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=066E 066E .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+066E .] | <!-- ح --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062D 062D .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+062D .] | <!-- س --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0633 0633 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0633 .] | <!-- ص --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0635 0635 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0635 .] | <!-- ط --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0637 0637 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0637 .] | <!-- ع --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0639 0639 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0639 .] | <!-- ڡ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06A1 06A1 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+06A1 .] | <!-- ٯ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=066F 066F .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+066F .] | <!-- ک --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06A9 066F .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+06A9 .] | <!-- ل --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0644 0644 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0644 .] | <!-- م --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0645 0645 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0645 .] | <!-- د --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062F 062F .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+062F .] | <!-- ر --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0631 0631 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0631 .] | <!-- و --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0648 0648. .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0648 .] | <!-- ههه -->[https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0647 0647 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0647 .]<!-- ARABIC LETTER HEH --> |- |- | colspan=3 style="white-space:nowrap;" | 1 titik di bah <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ﮳ }}}} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ﮳ }} | || || || | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ب }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ج }} | || || || || || || || || || || || || |- style="font-size:80%" ! colspan=1 | Unicode | colspan=3 | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=FBB3 FBB3][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+FBB3 .] | || || || | <!-- ب --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0628 0628 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0628 .] | <!-- ج --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062C 062C .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+062C .] <!-- jeem --> | || || || || || || || || || || || || |- |- | colspan=3 style="white-space:nowrap;" | 1 titik dinggak <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ﮲ }}}} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ﮲ }} | || || | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ن }} | | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| خ }} | | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ض }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ظ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| غ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ف }} | || || || | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ذ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ز }} | || |- style="font-size:80%" ! colspan=1 | Unicode | colspan=3 | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=FBB2 FBB2][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+FBB2 .] | || || | <!-- ن --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0646 0646 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0646 .] | | <!-- خ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062E 062E .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+062E .] | | <!-- ض --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0636 0636 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0636 .] | <!-- ظ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0638 0638 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0638 .] | <!-- غ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=063A 063A .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+063A .] | <!-- ف --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0641 0641 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0641 .] | || || || | <!-- ذ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0630 0630 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0630 .] | <!-- ز --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0632 0632 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0632 .] | || |- |- | colspan=3 style="white-space:nowrap;" | 2 titik di bah {{Ref|start_mid_only|(ii)}} <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ﮵ }}}} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ﮵ }} | || | style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|ی}} | || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || |- style="font-size:80%" ! colspan=1 | Unicode | colspan=3 | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=FBB5 FBB5][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+FBB5 .] | || | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06CC 06CC .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+06CC .] | || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || |- |- | colspan=3 style="white-space:nowrap;" | 2 titik dinggak <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ﮴ }}}} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ﮴ }} | || || || | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ت }} <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062A .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+062A .] --> | || || || || || | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ق }} <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0642 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0642 .] --> | || || || || || | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ة }} |- style="font-size:80%" ! colspan=1 | Unicode | colspan=3 | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=FBB4 FBB4][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+FBB4 .] | || || || | <!-- ت --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062A 062A .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+062A .] | || || || || || | <!-- ق --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0642 0642 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0642 .] | || || || || || | <!-- ـة --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0629 0629 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0629 .] <!-- ARABIC TEH MARBUTA --> |- |- | colspan=3 style="white-space:nowrap;" | 3 titik di bah <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ﮹ }}}} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ﮹ }} | || || || | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| پ }} <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=067E .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+067E .] --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| چ }} <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0686 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0686 .] --> | || || || || || || || || || || || || |- style="font-size:80%" ! colspan=1 | Unicode | colspan=3 | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=FBB9 FBB9][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+FBB9 .] <!-- three dots below -->[https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=FBB7 FBB7][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+FBB7 .] <!-- pointing down --> | || || || | <!-- پ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=067E 067E .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+067E .] | <!-- چ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0686 0686 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0686 .] | || || || || || || || || || || || || |- |- | colspan=3 style="white-space:nowrap;" | 3 titik dinggak <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ﮶ }}}} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ﮶ }} | || || || | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ث }} <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062B .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+062B .] --> | | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ش }} <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0634 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0634 .] --> | || || || || || || || || | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ژ }} <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0698 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0698 .] --> | || |- style="font-size:80%;" ! colspan=1 | Unicode | colspan=3 | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=FBB6 FBB6][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+FBB6 .] <!-- three dots above --> | || || || | <!-- ث --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062B 062B .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+062B .] | | <!-- ش --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0634 0634.][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0634 .] | || || || || || || || || | <!-- ژ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0698 0698 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0698 .] | || |- |- | colspan=3 style="white-space:nowrap;" | Garis dinggak <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ‾ }}}} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ar| ‾ }} | || || || || || || || || || || || | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| گ }} | || || || || || |- style="font-size:80%" ! colspan=1 | Unicode | colspan=3 | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=203E 203E][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+203E .] <!-- Overline --> | || || || || || || || || || || || | <!-- گ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06AF 06AF .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+06AF .] | || || || || || |- |- | colspan=4 | Makka | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ء }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ا }} | style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|ی}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ں }} | | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ح }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| س }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ص }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ط }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ع }} | | | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ک }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ل }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| م }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| د }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ر }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| و }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ه }} |- style="font-size:80%" ! colspan=4 | Unicode <!-- | colspan=1 | none --> | <!-- ء --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0621 0621 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0621 .] | <!-- ا --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0627 0627 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0627 .] | <!-- ى --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0649 0649 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0649 .] | <!-- ں --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06BA 06BA .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+06BA .] | <!-- ٮ --> | <!-- ح --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062D 062D .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+062D .] | <!-- س --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0633 0633 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0633 .] | <!-- ص --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0635 0635 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0635 .] | <!-- ط --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0637 0637 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0637 .] | <!-- ع --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0639 0639 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0639 .] | | | <!-- ک --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06A9 066F .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+06A9 .] | <!-- ل --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0644 0644 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0644 .] | <!-- م --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0645 0645 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0645 .] | <!-- د --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062F 062F .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+062F .] | <!-- ر --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0631 0631 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0631 .] | <!-- و --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0648 0648. .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0648 .] | <!-- ههه -->[https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0647 0647 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0647 .]<!-- ARABIC LETTER HEH --> |- |- | colspan=3 style="white-space:nowrap;" | Madda dinggak <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ۤ }}}} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ۤ }} | | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| آ }} | || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || |- style="font-size:80%" ! colspan=1 | Unicode | colspan=3 | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06E4 06E4][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+06E4 .] <!-- small high --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0653 0653][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0653 .] <!-- non spacing --> | | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0622 0622 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0622 .] | || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || |- |- | colspan=3 style="white-space:nowrap;" | Hamzah di bah <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ٕ }}}} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ــٕـ }} | | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| إ }} | || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || |- style="font-size:80%" ! colspan=1 | Unicode | colspan=3 | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0655 0655][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0655 .] | | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0625 0625 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0625 .] | || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || |- |- | colspan=3 style="white-space:nowrap;" | Hamza dinggak <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ٴ }}}} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ــٔـ }} | | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| أ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ئ }} | || || || || || || || || || || || || || | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ؤ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ۀ }} |- style="font-size:80%;" ! colspan=1 | Unicode | colspan=3 | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0674 0674][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0674 .] <!-- High Hamza --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0654 0654][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0654 .] <!-- Hamza above --> | | <!-- أ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0623 0623 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0623 .] | <!-- ئ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0626 0626 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0626 .] | || || || || || || || || || || || || || | <!-- ؤ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0624 0624 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0624 .] | <!-- ۂ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06C0 06C0 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+06C0 .] |- |} {| class="wikitable" |- !Vokal Buntak<br />(tulisan vokal ponuh) !Golar<br/>Persia !Golar<br/>(Transliterasi) !Trans.{{Ref|transliteration|(a)}} ! colspan="2" |Nilay {{Ref|vowels|(b)}} (Farsi/Dari) |- style="text-align:center;" | style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;" |<small>064E</small><br /><span style="font-size:190%;">{{Script/Arabic|◌َ}}</span> |{{Lang|fa|زبر<br />(فتحه)}} |{{Lang|fa|zebar}}{{Lang|fa|zibar}} |{{Lang|fa|a}} |{{IPAslink|æ}} |{{IPAslink|a}} |- style="text-align:center;" | style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;" |<small>0650</small><br /><span style="font-size:190%;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ِ}}</span> |{{Lang|fa|زیر<br /> (کسره)}} |{{Lang|fa|zer}}{{Lang|fa|zir}} |{{Lang|fa|e}}; {{Lang|fa|i}} |{{IPAslink|e}} |{{IPAslink|ɪ}}; {{IPAslink|ɛ}} |- style="text-align:center;" | style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;" |<small>064F</small><br /><span style="font-size:190%;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ُ}}</span> |{{Lang|fa|پیش<br />(ضمّه)}} |{{Lang|fa|peš}}{{Lang|fa|piš}} |{{Lang|fa|o}}; {{Lang|fa|u}} |{{IPAslink|o}} |{{IPAslink|ʊ}} |} ====Tanwin==== {|class="wikitable" |- !Nunasi<br />(tulisan vokal ponuh) !Golar<br/>(Persia) !Golar<br/>(Transliterasi) !Catatan |- style="text-align:center;" |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<small>064B</small><br /><span style="font-size:190%;">{{Script/Arabic| َاً، ـاً، ءً }}</span> |{{Lang|fa|تنوین نَصْبْ}} |{{Lang|fa|Tanvine nasb}} | |- style="text-align:center;" |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<small>064D</small><br /><span style="font-size:190%;">{{Script/Arabic| ٍِ }}</span> |{{Lang|fa|تنوین جَرّ}} |{{Lang|fa|Tanvine jarr}} | rowspan="2" |Mak kala tipakay dilom [[Bahasa Parsiya]]. Tiajarko khusus dilom agama [[Islam]] untuk ngalongkapi ngajar, maca, rik nulis [[Al-Qur'an]] education. |- style="text-align:center;" |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<small>064C</small><br /><span style="font-size:190%;">{{Script/Arabic| ٌ }}</span> |{{Lang|fa|تنوین رَفْعْ}} |{{Lang|fa|Tanvine rafʿ}} |} ====Tasydid==== {|class="wikitable" |- !Simbul ! Golar<br/>(Persia) !Golar<br/>(Transliterasi) |- style="text-align:center;" |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<small>0651</small><br /><span style="font-size:190%;">{{Script/Arabic| ّ }}</span> |تشدید |{{Lang|fa|tašdid}} |} ====Huruf Tambahan==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- ! Bunyi ! Pocak ! Golar ! Kode Poin Unicode |- | {{IPAslink|p}} |style="font-size: larger"| {{Lang|fa|[[پ]]}} | {{Lang|fa|pe}} | U+067E |- | {{IPAslink|t͡ʃ}}(ch) |style="font-size: larger"| {{Lang|fa|[[چ]]}} | {{Lang|fa|če}} | U+0686 |- | {{IPAslink|ʒ}}(zh) |style="font-size: larger"| {{Lang|fa|[[ژ]]}} | {{Lang|fa|že}} | U+0698 |- | {{IPAslink|ɡ}} |style="font-size: larger"| {{Lang|fa|[[گ]]}} | {{Lang|fa|gâf}} | U+06AF |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- ! Golar ! Pangucapan ! [[Alfabet Fonetis Internasional|IPA]] ! Unicode ! Uncuk ! Tongah ! Pangkal ! Posay ! Catatan |- | {{Lang|sem|alef madde}} | {{Lang|sem|â}} | {{IPAblink|ɒ}} | U+0622 |style="font-size: larger" | {{Lang|fa|ـآ}} | — |style="font-size: larger" | {{Lang|fa|آ}} |style="font-size: larger" | {{Lang|fa|[[آ]]}} |The final form is very rare and is freely replaced with ordinary ''alef''. |- | {{Lang|sem|he ye}} | {{Lang|sem|-eye}}atawa {{Lang|sem|-eyeh}} | {{IPA|{{IPAblink|[eje]}} | U+06C0 |style="font-size: larger" | {{Lang|fa|ـۀ}} | — | — |style="font-size: larger" | {{Lang|fa|[[ۀ]]}} |Validity of this form depends on region and dialect. Some may use the two-letter {{Lang|fa|ـه‌ی}} or {{Lang|fa|ه‌ی}} combinations instead. |- | {{Lang|sem|[[lām alef]]}} | {{Lang|sem|lā}} | {{IPA|{{IPAblink|[lɒ]}}}} | U+0644 (lām) and U+0627 (alef) |style="font-size: larger" | {{Lang|fa|ـلا}} | — | — |style="font-size: larger" | {{Lang|fa|[[لا]]}} | |- | {{Lang|sem|[[Kashida|kašida]]}} | | | U+0640 | — |style="font-size: larger" | {{Lang|fa|[[ـ]]}} | — | — | This is the medial character which connects other characters |} ====Angka==== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- ! Golar !! Persia !! Unicode !! Arab !! Unicode |- | 0 || <big>۰</big> || U+06F0 || <big>٠</big> || U+0660 |- | 1 || <big>۱</big> || U+06F1 || <big>١</big> || U+0661 |- | 2 || <big>۲</big> || U+06F2 || <big>٢</big> || U+0662 |- | 3 || <big>۳</big> || U+06F3 || <big>٣</big> || U+0663 |- | 4 || <big>۴</big> || U+06F4 || <big>٤</big> || U+0664 |- | 5 || <big>۵</big> || U+06F5 || <big>٥</big> || U+0665 |- | 6 || <big>۶</big> || U+06F6 || <big>٦</big> || U+0666 |- | 7 || <big>۷</big> || U+06F7 || <big>٧</big> || U+0667 |- | 8 || <big>۸</big> || U+06F8 || <big>٨</big> || U+0668 |- | 9 || <big>۹</big> || U+06F9 || <big>٩</big> || U+0669 |- | ye || <big>ی</big> || U+06CC | <big>ي</big> {{Efn|However, the Arabic variant continues to be used in its traditional style in the [[Nile Valley]], similarly as it is used in Persian and Ottoman Turkish.}} || U+064A |- | kāf || <big>ک</big> || U+06A9 || <big>ك</big> || U+0643 |} {|class="wikitable nounderlines" style="text-align:center;line-height:normal" |- style="font-size:120%" | style="font-size:85%"|Angka Arab Lawok |[[0]] ||[[1]] || [[2]] || [[3]] || [[4]] |[[5]] || [[6]] || [[7]] || [[8]] || [[9]] | [[10]] |- style="font-size:160%" | style="font-size:63%"|Angka Arab Darak |{{Lang|ar|٠}} ||{{Lang|ar|١}} || {{Lang|ar|٢}} || {{Lang|ar|٣}} ||{{Lang|ar|٤}} | {{Lang|ar|٥}} || {{Lang|ar|٦}} || {{Lang|ar|٧}} || {{Lang|ar|٨}} ||{{Lang|ar|٩}} | {{Lang|ar|١٠}} |- style="font-size:160%" | style="font-size:63%"| Persia{{Efn|[[Arabic (Unicode block)|U+06F0 through U+06F9]]. The numbers 4, 5, and 6 are different from Eastern Arabic.}} | {{Lang|fa|۰}} || {{Lang|fa|۱}} || {{Lang|fa|۲}} || {{Lang|fa|۳}} || {{Lang|fa|۴}} | {{Lang|fa|۵}} || {{Lang|fa|۶}} || {{Lang|fa|۷}} || {{Lang|fa|۸}} || {{Lang|fa|۹}} | {{Lang|fa|۱۰}} |- style="font-size:160%" | style="font-size:63%"| Urdu{{Efn|Same Unicode characters as the Persian, but language is set to Urdu. The numerals 4, 6 and 7 are different from Persian. On some devices, this row may appear identical to Persian.}} | {{Lang|ur|۰}} || {{Lang|ur|۱}} || {{Lang|ur|۲}} || {{Lang|ur|۳}} || {{Lang|ur|۴}} | {{Lang|ur|۵}} || {{Lang|ur|۶}} || {{Lang|ur|۷}} || {{Lang|ur|۸}} || {{Lang|ur|۹}} | {{Lang|ur|۱۰}} |- style="font-size:160%" | style="font-size:63%"| Angka Abjad | – || {{Lang|ar|ا}} || {{Lang|ar|ب}} || {{Lang|ar|ج}} || {{Lang|ar|د}} || {{Lang|ar|ه}} | {{Lang|ar|و}} || {{Lang|ar|ز}} || {{Lang|ar|ح}} || {{Lang|ar|ط}} || {{Lang|ar|ي}} |} ===Huruf Tambahan=== {| class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.6;text-align:center" ! Bunyi ! Posay ! Uncuk ! Tongah-tongah ! Pangkal ! Golar |- | style="font-size: 1.25em;" | {{IPA|/p/}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|پ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|ـپ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|ـپـ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|پـ}} | ''pe'' |- | style="font-size: 1.25em;" | {{IPA|/tʃ/}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|چ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|ـچ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|ـچـ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|چـ}} | ''če (che)'' |- | style="font-size: 1.25em;" | {{IPA|/ʒ/}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|ژ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|ـژ}} | style="font-size: 2em; color: #aaa;" | {{Script/Arabic|ـژ}} | style="font-size: 2em; color: #aaa;" | {{Script/Arabic|ژ}} | ''že (zhe atawa jhe)'' |- | style="font-size: 1.25em;" | {{IPA|/ɡ/}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|گ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|ـگ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|ـگـ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|گـ}} | ''ge (gāf)'' |} <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/persian-language-1-early-new-persian |title=PERSIAN LANGUAGE i. Early New Persian |work=Iranica Online |access-date=18 March 2019 |archive-date=17 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317184538/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/persian-language-1-early-new-persian |url-status=live}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.6;text-align:center" ! Bunyi ! Posay ! Uncuk ! Tongah-tongah ! Pangkal ! Golar |- | style="font-size: 1.25em;" | {{IPA|/β/}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|ڤ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|ـڤ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|ـڤـ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|ڤـ}} | ''βe'' |} ===Gaya Arab rik Gaya Persia=== {| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; text-align:center;" ! Huruf Gaya Arab ! Huruf Gaya Parsiya ! Golar |- |style="font-size: 160%"| {{Script/Arabic|ك}} |style="font-size: 160%"| {{Script/Arabic|ک}} | ''ke'' (kāf) |- |style="font-size: 160%"| {{Script/Arabic|ي}} |style="font-size: 160%"| {{Script/Arabic|ی}} | ''ye'' |} ==Cuntuh Tulisan== ===UDHR pasal 1=== *'''[[Abjad Arab-Persia]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|تمام افراد بشر آزاد زاده می شوند و از لحاظ حيثيت و کرامت و حقوق با هم برابرند. همگی دارای عقل و وجدان هستند و بايد با يکديگر با روحيه ای برادرانه رفتار کنند.}}}} </div> *'''[[Alfabet Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Tamām-e afrād-e bašar āzād zāde mīšūnad va az leḥāż-e ḥais̱īyat-o karāmat-o ḥoqūq bā ham barābarānd. hamgī dārā-ye ʿaql-o vejdān hastand va bāyad bā yekdīgar bā rūḥīye ai barādarāne raftār konand.''}} *'''[[Bahasa Komering|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai gohgoh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.''}} ==Liyak Munih== *[[Bahasa Tajik]] *[[Bahasa Persia]] ==Rujukan== {{Reflist}} 2c00g2a5eub7qasjbivkxnwqy2wy70w 38209 38207 2026-06-20T22:56:48Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Pranala dalam tautan 38209 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bahasa| | Golar = Dari | Golar Asli = دری | Golar Asli Transliterasi = Dari | Gambar = [[Bondol:Dari.png|250px|thumb|'''Dari''']] | Nagara = [[Bondol:Flag of Taliban.svg|25px|border]] [[Afghanistan]] | Pok = [[Asia Selatan|Asia Hulu]] | Jumlah Panutur = 35 juta jiwa | Sistim Panulisan = [[Abjad Arab-Persia|Arab]] | Status = Lokok tipakai | Etnis = [[Jolma Persia|Jolma Persia ?]] | Dialek = Badakhshi | Kaluwarga Bahasa = 1. [[Rumpun Bahasa Indo-Eropa|Indo-Eropa]]<br>2. [[Rumpun Bahasa Indo-Iran|Indo-Iran]]<br>3. [[Bahasa Persia]]<br>4. [[Bahasa Dari]] | Bahasa say Tikahik = [[Bahasa Persia|Persia]], [[Bahasa Tajik|Tajik]] }} '''Basa Dari''' joda da salah osay basa say dituturko [[Jolma Persia|Jolma Persia Afghanistan]] di nagara [[Afghanistan]] rik [[Iran]], say tipakay sabagay ''lingua franca'' bak lamon jolma di [[Afghanistan]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=nayangEACAAJ ''Afghan Folktales from Herat: Persian Texts in Transcription and Translation''] (2009) Cambria Press ISBN 978-1-60497-652-6</ref><ref>[http://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/search/?q=Farsi&sort=title.sort&start=0 ''11 books''] afghanistandl.nyu.edu, [https://web.archive.org/web/20180309054510/http://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/search/?q=Farsi&sort=title.sort&start=0 lokok aktif]</ref><ref name="Iranica">Lazard, G. "[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/dari Darī&nbsp;– The New Persian Literary Language] [https://web.archive.org/web/20201124025639/https://iranicaonline.org/articles/dari"], in ''[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]'', Online Edition 2006.</ref><ref>[http://tajikam.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13''Tajikam Portal - Secret documents Reveal Afghan Language Policy''] tajikam.com [https://web.archive.org/web/20200623162603/http://tajikam.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13 lokok aktif]</ref> Di sumber-sumber Barat ija tikonal sabagay Parsiya Afghanistan atawa Parsiya Darak.<ref>[http://www.datadust.de/download/farsi2dari/ ''Airgram Farsi to Dari 1964 Embassy Kabul to USA''] [https://web.archive.org/web/20190927192306/http://www.datadust.de/download/farsi2dari/ lokok aktif]</ref><ref name="CIA">[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2098.html?countryName=Afghanistan&countryCode=af&regionCode=sas&#af ''Afghanistan''] (2010) Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook [https://web.archive.org/web/20131015094344/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2098.html?countryName=Afghanistan&countryCode=af&regionCode=sas&#af mak aktif lagi]</ref><ref name="www.sil.org">[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=prs ''Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: prs''] [[SIL International]] (2010) [https://web.archive.org/web/20120918010720/http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=prs lokok aktif]</ref><ref>[https://thediplomat.com/2017/11/afghanistans-persian-linguistic-identity/ ''Afghanistan's Persian Linguistic Identity''] The Diplomat {{Quote|''Persian speakers in the country say 'the term Dari has been forced on them by the dominant Pashtun ethnic group as an attempt to distance Afghans from their cultural, linguistic, and historical ties to the Persian-speaking world''}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20190802055910/https://thediplomat.com/2017/11/afghanistans-persian-linguistic-identity/ dilom Bahasa Inggris Amerika rik lokok aktif]</ref><ref>[https://iranicaonline.org/articles/kaboli-colloquial-persian ''Kāboli''] Encyclopaedia Iranica {{Quote|''Persian in Afghanistan is generally called fārsi by Persian-speakers and pārsi in Pashto. The standard written Persian of Afghanistan has officially been called Dari since 1964; apart from a few basics of vocabulary, however (and more Indo-Persian calligraphic styles in the Perso-Arabic script), there is little difference between formal written Persian of Afghanistan and of Iran. The term "Dari" is often loosely used for the characteristic spoken Persian of Afghanistan, but is best restricted to formal spoken registers (poetry, speeches, newscasts, and other broadcast announcements).''}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20110429160106/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kaboli-colloquial-persian lokok aktif rik dilom] [[Bahasa Inggris|Bahasa Inggris Amerika]]</ref> Dari joda da basa resmi bagi 35 juta rakyat [[Afghanistan]]<ref>Central Intelligence Agency [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/afghanistan/ ''South Asia :: Afghanistan''] The World Factbook [https://web.archive.org/web/20210104184342/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/afghanistan/ lokok aktif]</ref><ref>[https://guides.library.illinois.edu/c.php?g=347570&p=2349642 ''LibGuides: Dari Language: Language History''] International and Area Studies Library, guides.library.illinois.edu [https://web.archive.org/web/20210805172825/https://guides.library.illinois.edu/c.php?g=347570&p=2349642 lokok aktif]</ref><ref>Nile Green [https://books.google.com/books?id=2SbtugAACAAJ ''Afghanistan in Ink: Literature Between Diaspora and Nation''] Nushin Arbabzadah, Hurst, ISBN 978-1-84904-204-8 hal 13 dilom [[Bahasa Inggris]]</ref> ==Huruf== Basa Parsiya Iran rik [[Bahasa Dari|Persia Dari]] di [[Afghanistan]] makay [[Abjad Arab-Persia]], sodongko [[Bahasa Tajik]] titulis makay [[Alfabet Sirilik]]. Sabonorna makka sumang hamak rik [[Huruf Hijaiyah|Huruf Arab]] say biasona, bih ija nambahi pira ngabungkal huruf bugahan. {| class="wikitable sortable" |- style="text-align:center;" !rowspan="2"| # ! rowspan="2" | Golar<br/>Persia ! rowspan="2" | Golar<br/>(Transliterasi) !rowspan="2"| Transliterasi !rowspan="2"| [[Alfabet Fonetis Internasional|IPA]] !rowspan="2"| [[Unicode]] !colspan="4"| Bontuk kontekstual |- ! Uncuk ! Tongah ! Pangkal ! Posay |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="4" |0 | rowspan="4" | {{Lang|fa|همزه}} | rowspan="4" | {{Lang|fa|[[Hamza|hamze]]}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.persianacademy.ir/UserFiles/Image/Dastoor-e%20khat/d02.pdf |title=?? |publisher=Persianacademy.ir |access-date=2015-09-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924071650/http://www.persianacademy.ir/UserFiles/Image/Dastoor-e%20khat/d02.pdf |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | rowspan="4" |{{Lang|sem|ʾ}} | rowspan="4" |[[Glottal stop]] {{IPAblink|ʔ}} | [[ء|U+0621]] | – | – | – |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ء}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [[أ|U+0623]] | colspan="2" style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" |{{Lang|fa|ـأ}} | colspan="2" style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" |{{Lang|fa|أ}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [[ئ|U+0626]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـئ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـئـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ئـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ئ}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [[ؤ|U+0624]] | colspan="2" style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" |{{Lang|fa|ـؤ}} | colspan="2" style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" |{{Lang|fa|ؤ}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 1 | {{Lang|fa|الف}} |{{Lang|fa|ʾalef}} | {{Lang|sem|â}} | {{IPAblink|ɒ}} | [[ا|U+0627]] | colspan="2" style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" | {{Lang|fa|ـا}} | colspan="2" style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" |{{Lang|fa|ا}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 2 | {{Lang|fa|ب}} | {{Lang|fa|be}} | {{Lang|sem|b}} | {{IPAblink|b}} | [[ب|U+0628]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـب}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـبـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|بـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ب}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 3 | {{Lang|fa|پ}} | {{Lang|fa|pe}} | {{Lang|sem|p}} | {{IPAblink|p}} | [[پ|U+067E]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـپ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـپـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|پـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|پ}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 4 | {{Lang|fa|ت}} | {{Lang|fa|te}} | {{Lang|sem|t}} | {{IPAblink|t}} | [[ت|U+062A]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـت}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـتـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|تـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ت}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 5 | {{Lang|fa|ث}} | {{Lang|fa|s̱e}} | {{Lang|sem|s̱}} | {{IPAblink|s}} | [[ث|U+062B]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـث}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـثـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ثـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ث}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 6 | {{Lang|fa|جیم}} | {{Lang|fa|jim}} | {{Lang|sem|j}} | {{IPAblink|d͡ʒ}} | [[ج|U+062C]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـج}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـجـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|جـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ج}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 7 | {{Lang|fa|چ}} | {{Lang|fa|če}} | {{Lang|sem|č}} | {{IPAblink|t͡ʃ}} | [[چ|U+0686]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـچ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـچـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|چـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|چ}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 8 | {{Lang|fa|ح}} | {{Lang|fa|ḥe}}{{Lang|fa|ḥâ-ye ḥotti}}{{Lang|fa|ḥâ-ye jimi}} | {{Lang|sem|ḥ}} | {{IPAblink|h}} | [[ح|U+062D]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـح}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـحـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|حـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ح}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 9 | {{Lang|fa|خ}} | {{Lang|fa|xe}} | {{Lang|sem|x}} | {{IPAblink|x}} | [[خ|U+062E]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـخ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـخـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|خـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|خ}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 10 | {{Lang|fa|دال}} | {{Lang|fa|dâl}} | {{Lang|sem|d}} | {{IPAblink|d}} | [[د|U+062F]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" colspan=2|{{Lang|fa|ـد}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" colspan=2|{{Lang|fa|د}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 11 | {{Lang|fa|ذال}} | {{Lang|fa|ẕâl}} | {{Lang|sem|ẕ}} | {{IPAblink|z}} | [[ذ|U+0630]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" colspan=2|{{Lang|fa|ـذ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" colspan=2|{{Lang|fa|ذ}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 12 | {{Lang|fa|ر}} | {{Lang|fa|re}} | {{Lang|sem|r}} | {{IPAblink|r}} | [[ر|U+0631]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" colspan=2|{{Lang|fa|ـر}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" colspan=2|{{Lang|fa|ر}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 13 | {{Lang|fa|ز}} | {{Lang|fa|ze}} | {{Lang|sem|z}} | {{IPAblink|z}} | [[ز|U+0632]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" colspan=2|{{Lang|fa|ـز}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" colspan=2|{{Lang|fa|ز}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 14 | {{Lang|fa|ژ}} | {{Lang|fa|že}} | {{Lang|sem|ž}} | {{IPAblink|ʒ}} | [[ژ|U+0698]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" colspan=2|{{Lang|fa|ـژ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" colspan=2|{{Lang|fa|ژ}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 15 | {{Lang|fa|سین}} | {{Lang|fa|sin}} | {{Lang|sem|s}} | {{IPAblink|s}} | [[س|U+0633]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـس}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـسـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|سـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|س}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 16 | {{Lang|fa|شین}} | {{Lang|fa|šin}} | {{Lang|sem|š}} | {{IPAblink|ʃ}} | [[ش|U+0634]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـش}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـشـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|شـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ش}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 17 | {{Lang|fa|صاد}} | {{Lang|fa|ṣâd}} | {{Lang|sem|ṣ}} | {{IPAblink|s}} | [[ص|U+0635]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـص}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـصـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|صـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ص}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 18 | {{Lang|fa|ضاد}} | {{Lang|fa|zâd}} | {{Lang|sem|ż}} | {{IPAblink|z}} | [[ض|U+0636]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـض}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـضـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ضـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ض}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 19 | {{Lang|fa|طا}} | {{Lang|fa|tâ}} | {{Lang|sem|t}} | {{IPAblink|t}} | [[ط|U+0637]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـط}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـطـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|طـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ط}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 20 | {{Lang|fa|ظا}} | {{Lang|fa|ẓâ}} | {{Lang|sem|ẓ}} | {{IPAblink|z}} | [[ظ|U+0638]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـظ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـظـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ظـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ظ}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 21 | {{Lang|fa|عین}} | {{Lang|fa|ʿayn}} | {{Lang|sem|ʿ}} | {{IPAblink|ʔ}}, {{IPAblink|æ}}/{{IPAblink|a}} | [[ع|U+0639]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـع}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـعـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|عـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ع}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 22 | {{Lang|fa|غین}} | {{Lang|fa|ġayn}} | {{Lang|sem|ġ}} | {{IPAblink|ɢ}}, {{IPAblink|ɣ}} | [[غ|U+063A]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـغ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـغـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|غـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|غ}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 23 | {{Lang|fa|ف}} | {{Lang|fa|fe}} | {{Lang|sem|f}} | {{IPAblink|f}} | [[ف|U+0641]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـف}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـفـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|فـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ف}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 24 | {{Lang|fa|قاف}} | {{Lang|fa|qâf}} | {{Lang|sem|q}} | {{IPAblink|q}} | [[ق|U+0642]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـق}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـقـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|قـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ق}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 25 | {{Lang|fa|کاف}} | {{Lang|fa|kâf}} | {{Lang|sem|k}} | {{IPAblink|k}} | [[ک|U+06A9]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـک}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـکـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|کـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ک}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 26 | {{Lang|fa|گاف}} | {{Lang|fa|gâf}} | {{Lang|sem|g}} | {{IPAblink|ɡ}} | [[گ|U+06AF]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـگ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـگـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|گـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|گ}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 27 | {{Lang|fa|لام}} | {{Lang|fa|lâm}} | {{Lang|sem|l}} | {{IPAblink|l}} | [[ل|U+0644]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـل}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـلـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|لـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ل}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 28 | {{Lang|fa|میم}} | {{Lang|fa|mim}} | {{Lang|sem|m}} | {{IPAblink|m}} | [[م|U+0645]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـم}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـمـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|مـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|م}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 29 | {{Lang|fa|نون}} | {{Lang|fa|nun}} | {{Lang|sem|n}} | {{IPAblink|n}} | [[ن|U+0646]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـن}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـنـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|نـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ن}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="2" | 30 | rowspan="2" | {{Lang|fa|واو}} | {{Lang|pes|vâv}}([[Bahasa Parsiya|Farsi]]) | {{Lang|sem|v}}{{Lang|sem|ū}}{{Lang|sem|ow}}{{Lang|sem|o}} | {{IPAblink|uː}}<br>{{IPA|[{{IPAblink|ow}}]}}[{{IPAblink|v}}][{{IPAblink|o}}]<br>(bih di uncuk kata) | rowspan="2" | [[و|U+0648]] | colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" |{{Lang|fa|ـو}} | colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" |{{Lang|fa|و}} |- style="text-align:center;" |{{Lang|prs|wâw}}([[Bahasa Dari|Dari]]) |{{Lang|sem|w}}{{Lang|sem|ū}}{{Lang|sem|aw}}{{Lang|sem|ō}} | {{IPAblink|uː}}<br>[{{IPAblink|w}}]{{IPA|[{{IPAblink|aw}}]}}[{{IPAblink|oː}}] |- style="text-align:center;" | 31 | {{Lang|fa|ه}} | {{Lang|fa|he}}{{Lang|fa|hā-ye havvaz}}{{Lang|fa|hā-ye do-češm}} | {{Lang|sem|h}} | {{IPAblink|h}}atawa {{IPAblink|e}}rik {{IPAblink|a}}(uncuk kata) | [[ه|U+0647]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـه}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـهـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|هـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ه}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 32 | {{Lang|fa|ی}} | {{Lang|fa|ye}} | {{Lang|sem|y}}{{Lang|sem|ī}}{{Lang|sem|á}}{{Lang|sem|ay}}{{Lang|sem|ē}}munih dilom [[Bahasa Dari|Dari]] | {{IPAblink|j}}{{IPAblink|i}}{{IPAblink|ɒː}}{{IPA|[{{IPAblink|aj}}]}}{{IPAblink|eː}}dilom [[Bahasa Dari|Dari]] | [[ی|U+06CC]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـی}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـیـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|یـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ی}} |} {| class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.6;text-align:center" ! Bunyi ! Posay ! Uncuk ! Tongah ! Pangkal ! Golar |- | style="font-size: 1.25em;" |{{IPAslink|β}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Lang|fa|ڤ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Lang|fa|ـڤ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Lang|fa|ـڤـ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Lang|fa|ڤـ}} | ''βe'' |} ==== Variasi ==== {| class="wikitable" |- style="text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;font-size:200%" | colspan="3" | {{Script/Arabic|[[ی]] [[ه]] [[و]] [[ن]] [[م]] [[ل]] [[گ]] [[ک]] [[ق]] [[ف]] [[غ]] [[ع]] [[ظ]] [[ط]] [[ض]] [[ص]] [[ش]] [[س]] [[ژ]] [[ز]] [[ر]] [[ذ]] [[د]] [[خ]] [[ح]] [[چ]] [[ج]] [[ث]] [[ت]] [[پ]] [[ب]] [[ا]] [[ء]]}} |- | rowspan="16" |[[bondol:Farsi in 16 fonts 2020-03-22 213757.png|1024px|center]] | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#3f007f" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Noto Nastaliq Urdu |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#003399" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Scheherazade |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#00549a" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Lateef |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#007670" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Noto Naskh Arabic |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#00b050" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Markazi Text |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#49da00" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Noto Sans Arabic |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#ffc900" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Baloo Bhaijaan |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#ff9800" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | El Messiri SemiBold |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#ff3300" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Lemonada Medium |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#ff00aa" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Changa Medium |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#c900ff" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Mada |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#9933ff" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Noto Kufi Arabic |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#6600ff" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Reem Kufi |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#0000cc" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Lalezar |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#003399" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Jomhuria |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#002570" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Rakkas |- | colspan=3 | '''The alphabet in 16 fonts:''' Noto Nastaliq Urdu, Scheherazade, Lateef, Noto Naskh Arabic, Markazi Text, Noto Sans Arabic, Baloo Bhaijaan, El Messiri SemiBold, Lemonada Medium, Changa Medium, Mada, Noto Kufi Arabic, Reem Kufi, Lalezar, Jomhuria, and Rakkas. |- |} ==== Konstruksi huruf ==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- |- ! rowspan=5 colspan=1 | Bontuk {{Ref|illustrative_only|(i)}} ! colspan=3 | Posay | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ء]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ا]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ى]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ں]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ٮ]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ح]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[س]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ص]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ط]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ع]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ڡ]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ٯ]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ک]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ل]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[م]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[د]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ر]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[و]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ه]]}} |- |- ! colspan=3 | Pangkal | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ء }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ا }} | colspan=3 style="white-space:nowrap;" style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ٮـ }} <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur| ٮـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur| ٮـ }} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| حـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| سـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| صـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| طـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| عـ }} | colspan=2 style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ڡـ }} <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur| ٯـ }} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| کـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| لـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| مـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| د }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ر }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| و }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| هـ }} |- ! colspan=3 | Tongah | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ء }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـا }} | colspan=3 style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـٮـ }} <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur| ـٮـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur| ـٮـ }} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـحـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـسـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـصـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـطـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـعـ }} | colspan=2 style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـڡـ }} <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur| ـٯـ }} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـکـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـلـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـمـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـد }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـر }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـو }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـهـ }} |- ! colspan=3 | Uncuk | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ء }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـا }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـى }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـں }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـٮ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـح }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـس }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـص }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـط }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـع }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـڡ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـٯ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـک }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـل }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـم }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـد }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـر }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـو }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـه }} |- |- ! colspan=1 rowspan=2 | [[i'jam]] {{Ref|illustrative_only|(i)}} <!-- ! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! ! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! --> |- |- style="font-size:80%" ! colspan=4 | [[Unicode]] | <!-- ء --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0621 0621 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0621 .] | <!-- ا --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0627 0627 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0627 .] | <!-- ى --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0649 0649 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0649 .] | <!-- ں --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06BA 06BA .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+06BA .] | <!-- ٮ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=066E 066E .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+066E .] | <!-- ح --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062D 062D .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+062D .] | <!-- س --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0633 0633 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0633 .] | <!-- ص --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0635 0635 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0635 .] | <!-- ط --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0637 0637 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0637 .] | <!-- ع --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0639 0639 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0639 .] | <!-- ڡ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06A1 06A1 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+06A1 .] | <!-- ٯ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=066F 066F .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+066F .] | <!-- ک --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06A9 066F .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+06A9 .] | <!-- ل --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0644 0644 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0644 .] | <!-- م --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0645 0645 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0645 .] | <!-- د --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062F 062F .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+062F .] | <!-- ر --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0631 0631 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0631 .] | <!-- و --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0648 0648. .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0648 .] | <!-- ههه -->[https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0647 0647 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0647 .]<!-- ARABIC LETTER HEH --> |- |- | colspan=3 style="white-space:nowrap;" | 1 titik di bah <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ﮳ }}}} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ﮳ }} | || || || | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ب }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ج }} | || || || || || || || || || || || || |- style="font-size:80%" ! colspan=1 | Unicode | colspan=3 | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=FBB3 FBB3][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+FBB3 .] | || || || | <!-- ب --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0628 0628 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0628 .] | <!-- ج --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062C 062C .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+062C .] <!-- jeem --> | || || || || || || || || || || || || |- |- | colspan=3 style="white-space:nowrap;" | 1 titik dinggak <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ﮲ }}}} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ﮲ }} | || || | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ن }} | | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| خ }} | | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ض }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ظ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| غ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ف }} | || || || | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ذ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ز }} | || |- style="font-size:80%" ! colspan=1 | Unicode | colspan=3 | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=FBB2 FBB2][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+FBB2 .] | || || | <!-- ن --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0646 0646 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0646 .] | | <!-- خ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062E 062E .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+062E .] | | <!-- ض --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0636 0636 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0636 .] | <!-- ظ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0638 0638 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0638 .] | <!-- غ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=063A 063A .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+063A .] | <!-- ف --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0641 0641 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0641 .] | || || || | <!-- ذ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0630 0630 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0630 .] | <!-- ز --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0632 0632 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0632 .] | || |- |- | colspan=3 style="white-space:nowrap;" | 2 titik di bah {{Ref|start_mid_only|(ii)}} <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ﮵ }}}} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ﮵ }} | || | style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|ی}} | || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || |- style="font-size:80%" ! colspan=1 | Unicode | colspan=3 | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=FBB5 FBB5][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+FBB5 .] | || | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06CC 06CC .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+06CC .] | || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || |- |- | colspan=3 style="white-space:nowrap;" | 2 titik dinggak <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ﮴ }}}} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ﮴ }} | || || || | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ت }} <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062A .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+062A .] --> | || || || || || | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ق }} <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0642 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0642 .] --> | || || || || || | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ة }} |- style="font-size:80%" ! colspan=1 | Unicode | colspan=3 | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=FBB4 FBB4][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+FBB4 .] | || || || | <!-- ت --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062A 062A .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+062A .] | || || || || || | <!-- ق --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0642 0642 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0642 .] | || || || || || | <!-- ـة --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0629 0629 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0629 .] <!-- ARABIC TEH MARBUTA --> |- |- | colspan=3 style="white-space:nowrap;" | 3 titik di bah <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ﮹ }}}} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ﮹ }} | || || || | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| پ }} <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=067E .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+067E .] --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| چ }} <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0686 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0686 .] --> | || || || || || || || || || || || || |- style="font-size:80%" ! colspan=1 | Unicode | colspan=3 | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=FBB9 FBB9][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+FBB9 .] <!-- three dots below -->[https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=FBB7 FBB7][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+FBB7 .] <!-- pointing down --> | || || || | <!-- پ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=067E 067E .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+067E .] | <!-- چ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0686 0686 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0686 .] | || || || || || || || || || || || || |- |- | colspan=3 style="white-space:nowrap;" | 3 titik dinggak <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ﮶ }}}} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ﮶ }} | || || || | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ث }} <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062B .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+062B .] --> | | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ش }} <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0634 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0634 .] --> | || || || || || || || || | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ژ }} <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0698 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0698 .] --> | || |- style="font-size:80%;" ! colspan=1 | Unicode | colspan=3 | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=FBB6 FBB6][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+FBB6 .] <!-- three dots above --> | || || || | <!-- ث --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062B 062B .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+062B .] | | <!-- ش --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0634 0634.][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0634 .] | || || || || || || || || | <!-- ژ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0698 0698 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0698 .] | || |- |- | colspan=3 style="white-space:nowrap;" | Garis dinggak <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ‾ }}}} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ar| ‾ }} | || || || || || || || || || || || | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| گ }} | || || || || || |- style="font-size:80%" ! colspan=1 | Unicode | colspan=3 | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=203E 203E][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+203E .] <!-- Overline --> | || || || || || || || || || || || | <!-- گ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06AF 06AF .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+06AF .] | || || || || || |- |- | colspan=4 | Makka | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ء }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ا }} | style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|ی}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ں }} | | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ح }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| س }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ص }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ط }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ع }} | | | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ک }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ل }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| م }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| د }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ر }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| و }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ه }} |- style="font-size:80%" ! colspan=4 | Unicode <!-- | colspan=1 | none --> | <!-- ء --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0621 0621 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0621 .] | <!-- ا --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0627 0627 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0627 .] | <!-- ى --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0649 0649 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0649 .] | <!-- ں --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06BA 06BA .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+06BA .] | <!-- ٮ --> | <!-- ح --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062D 062D .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+062D .] | <!-- س --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0633 0633 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0633 .] | <!-- ص --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0635 0635 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0635 .] | <!-- ط --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0637 0637 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0637 .] | <!-- ع --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0639 0639 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0639 .] | | | <!-- ک --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06A9 066F .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+06A9 .] | <!-- ل --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0644 0644 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0644 .] | <!-- م --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0645 0645 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0645 .] | <!-- د --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062F 062F .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+062F .] | <!-- ر --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0631 0631 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0631 .] | <!-- و --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0648 0648. .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0648 .] | <!-- ههه -->[https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0647 0647 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0647 .]<!-- ARABIC LETTER HEH --> |- |- | colspan=3 style="white-space:nowrap;" | Madda dinggak <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ۤ }}}} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ۤ }} | | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| آ }} | || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || |- style="font-size:80%" ! colspan=1 | Unicode | colspan=3 | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06E4 06E4][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+06E4 .] <!-- small high --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0653 0653][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0653 .] <!-- non spacing --> | | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0622 0622 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0622 .] | || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || |- |- | colspan=3 style="white-space:nowrap;" | Hamzah di bah <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ٕ }}}} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ــٕـ }} | | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| إ }} | || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || |- style="font-size:80%" ! colspan=1 | Unicode | colspan=3 | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0655 0655][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0655 .] | | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0625 0625 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0625 .] | || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || |- |- | colspan=3 style="white-space:nowrap;" | Hamza dinggak <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ٴ }}}} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ــٔـ }} | | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| أ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ئ }} | || || || || || || || || || || || || || | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ؤ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ۀ }} |- style="font-size:80%;" ! colspan=1 | Unicode | colspan=3 | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0674 0674][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0674 .] <!-- High Hamza --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0654 0654][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0654 .] <!-- Hamza above --> | | <!-- أ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0623 0623 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0623 .] | <!-- ئ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0626 0626 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0626 .] | || || || || || || || || || || || || || | <!-- ؤ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0624 0624 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0624 .] | <!-- ۂ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06C0 06C0 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+06C0 .] |- |} {| class="wikitable" |- !Vokal Buntak<br />(tulisan vokal ponuh) !Golar<br/>Persia !Golar<br/>(Transliterasi) !Trans.{{Ref|transliteration|(a)}} ! colspan="2" |Nilay {{Ref|vowels|(b)}} (Farsi/Dari) |- style="text-align:center;" | style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;" |<small>064E</small><br /><span style="font-size:190%;">{{Script/Arabic|◌َ}}</span> |{{Lang|fa|زبر<br />(فتحه)}} |{{Lang|fa|zebar}}{{Lang|fa|zibar}} |{{Lang|fa|a}} |{{IPAslink|æ}} |{{IPAslink|a}} |- style="text-align:center;" | style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;" |<small>0650</small><br /><span style="font-size:190%;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ِ}}</span> |{{Lang|fa|زیر<br /> (کسره)}} |{{Lang|fa|zer}}{{Lang|fa|zir}} |{{Lang|fa|e}}; {{Lang|fa|i}} |{{IPAslink|e}} |{{IPAslink|ɪ}}; {{IPAslink|ɛ}} |- style="text-align:center;" | style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;" |<small>064F</small><br /><span style="font-size:190%;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ُ}}</span> |{{Lang|fa|پیش<br />(ضمّه)}} |{{Lang|fa|peš}}{{Lang|fa|piš}} |{{Lang|fa|o}}; {{Lang|fa|u}} |{{IPAslink|o}} |{{IPAslink|ʊ}} |} ====Tanwin==== {|class="wikitable" |- !Nunasi<br />(tulisan vokal ponuh) !Golar<br/>(Persia) !Golar<br/>(Transliterasi) !Catatan |- style="text-align:center;" |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<small>064B</small><br /><span style="font-size:190%;">{{Script/Arabic| َاً، ـاً، ءً }}</span> |{{Lang|fa|تنوین نَصْبْ}} |{{Lang|fa|Tanvine nasb}} | |- style="text-align:center;" |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<small>064D</small><br /><span style="font-size:190%;">{{Script/Arabic| ٍِ }}</span> |{{Lang|fa|تنوین جَرّ}} |{{Lang|fa|Tanvine jarr}} | rowspan="2" |Mak kala tipakay dilom [[Bahasa Parsiya]]. Tiajarko khusus dilom agama [[Islam]] untuk ngalongkapi ngajar, maca, rik nulis [[Al-Qur'an]] education. |- style="text-align:center;" |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<small>064C</small><br /><span style="font-size:190%;">{{Script/Arabic| ٌ }}</span> |{{Lang|fa|تنوین رَفْعْ}} |{{Lang|fa|Tanvine rafʿ}} |} ====Tasydid==== {|class="wikitable" |- !Simbul ! Golar<br/>(Persia) !Golar<br/>(Transliterasi) |- style="text-align:center;" |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<small>0651</small><br /><span style="font-size:190%;">{{Script/Arabic| ّ }}</span> |تشدید |{{Lang|fa|tašdid}} |} ====Huruf Tambahan==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- ! Bunyi ! Pocak ! Golar ! Kode Poin Unicode |- | {{IPAslink|p}} |style="font-size: larger"| {{Lang|fa|[[پ]]}} | {{Lang|fa|pe}} | U+067E |- | {{IPAslink|t͡ʃ}}(ch) |style="font-size: larger"| {{Lang|fa|[[چ]]}} | {{Lang|fa|če}} | U+0686 |- | {{IPAslink|ʒ}}(zh) |style="font-size: larger"| {{Lang|fa|[[ژ]]}} | {{Lang|fa|že}} | U+0698 |- | {{IPAslink|ɡ}} |style="font-size: larger"| {{Lang|fa|[[گ]]}} | {{Lang|fa|gâf}} | U+06AF |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- ! Golar ! Pangucapan ! [[Alfabet Fonetis Internasional|IPA]] ! Unicode ! Uncuk ! Tongah ! Pangkal ! Posay ! Catatan |- | {{Lang|sem|alef madde}} | {{Lang|sem|â}} | {{IPAblink|ɒ}} | U+0622 |style="font-size: larger" | {{Lang|fa|ـآ}} | — |style="font-size: larger" | {{Lang|fa|آ}} |style="font-size: larger" | {{Lang|fa|[[آ]]}} |The final form is very rare and is freely replaced with ordinary ''alef''. |- | {{Lang|sem|he ye}} | {{Lang|sem|-eye}}atawa {{Lang|sem|-eyeh}} | {{IPA|{{IPAblink|[eje]}} | U+06C0 |style="font-size: larger" | {{Lang|fa|ـۀ}} | — | — |style="font-size: larger" | {{Lang|fa|[[ۀ]]}} |Validity of this form depends on region and dialect. Some may use the two-letter {{Lang|fa|ـه‌ی}} or {{Lang|fa|ه‌ی}} combinations instead. |- | {{Lang|sem|[[lām alef]]}} | {{Lang|sem|lā}} | {{IPA|{{IPAblink|[lɒ]}}}} | U+0644 (lām) and U+0627 (alef) |style="font-size: larger" | {{Lang|fa|ـلا}} | — | — |style="font-size: larger" | {{Lang|fa|[[لا]]}} | |- | {{Lang|sem|[[Kashida|kašida]]}} | | | U+0640 | — |style="font-size: larger" | {{Lang|fa|[[ـ]]}} | — | — | This is the medial character which connects other characters |} ====Angka==== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- ! Golar !! Persia !! Unicode !! Arab !! Unicode |- | 0 || <big>۰</big> || U+06F0 || <big>٠</big> || U+0660 |- | 1 || <big>۱</big> || U+06F1 || <big>١</big> || U+0661 |- | 2 || <big>۲</big> || U+06F2 || <big>٢</big> || U+0662 |- | 3 || <big>۳</big> || U+06F3 || <big>٣</big> || U+0663 |- | 4 || <big>۴</big> || U+06F4 || <big>٤</big> || U+0664 |- | 5 || <big>۵</big> || U+06F5 || <big>٥</big> || U+0665 |- | 6 || <big>۶</big> || U+06F6 || <big>٦</big> || U+0666 |- | 7 || <big>۷</big> || U+06F7 || <big>٧</big> || U+0667 |- | 8 || <big>۸</big> || U+06F8 || <big>٨</big> || U+0668 |- | 9 || <big>۹</big> || U+06F9 || <big>٩</big> || U+0669 |- | ye || <big>ی</big> || U+06CC | <big>ي</big> {{Efn|However, the Arabic variant continues to be used in its traditional style in the [[Nile Valley]], similarly as it is used in Persian and Ottoman Turkish.}} || U+064A |- | kāf || <big>ک</big> || U+06A9 || <big>ك</big> || U+0643 |} {|class="wikitable nounderlines" style="text-align:center;line-height:normal" |- style="font-size:120%" | style="font-size:85%"|Angka Arab Lawok |[[0]] ||[[1]] || [[2]] || [[3]] || [[4]] |[[5]] || [[6]] || [[7]] || [[8]] || [[9]] | [[10]] |- style="font-size:160%" | style="font-size:63%"|Angka Arab Darak |{{Lang|ar|٠}} ||{{Lang|ar|١}} || {{Lang|ar|٢}} || {{Lang|ar|٣}} ||{{Lang|ar|٤}} | {{Lang|ar|٥}} || {{Lang|ar|٦}} || {{Lang|ar|٧}} || {{Lang|ar|٨}} ||{{Lang|ar|٩}} | {{Lang|ar|١٠}} |- style="font-size:160%" | style="font-size:63%"| Persia{{Efn|[[Arabic (Unicode block)|U+06F0 through U+06F9]]. The numbers 4, 5, and 6 are different from Eastern Arabic.}} | {{Lang|fa|۰}} || {{Lang|fa|۱}} || {{Lang|fa|۲}} || {{Lang|fa|۳}} || {{Lang|fa|۴}} | {{Lang|fa|۵}} || {{Lang|fa|۶}} || {{Lang|fa|۷}} || {{Lang|fa|۸}} || {{Lang|fa|۹}} | {{Lang|fa|۱۰}} |- style="font-size:160%" | style="font-size:63%"| Urdu{{Efn|Same Unicode characters as the Persian, but language is set to Urdu. The numerals 4, 6 and 7 are different from Persian. On some devices, this row may appear identical to Persian.}} | {{Lang|ur|۰}} || {{Lang|ur|۱}} || {{Lang|ur|۲}} || {{Lang|ur|۳}} || {{Lang|ur|۴}} | {{Lang|ur|۵}} || {{Lang|ur|۶}} || {{Lang|ur|۷}} || {{Lang|ur|۸}} || {{Lang|ur|۹}} | {{Lang|ur|۱۰}} |- style="font-size:160%" | style="font-size:63%"| Angka Abjad | – || {{Lang|ar|ا}} || {{Lang|ar|ب}} || {{Lang|ar|ج}} || {{Lang|ar|د}} || {{Lang|ar|ه}} | {{Lang|ar|و}} || {{Lang|ar|ز}} || {{Lang|ar|ح}} || {{Lang|ar|ط}} || {{Lang|ar|ي}} |} ===Huruf Tambahan=== {| class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.6;text-align:center" ! Bunyi ! Posay ! Uncuk ! Tongah-tongah ! Pangkal ! Golar |- | style="font-size: 1.25em;" | {{IPA|/p/}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|پ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|ـپ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|ـپـ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|پـ}} | ''pe'' |- | style="font-size: 1.25em;" | {{IPA|/tʃ/}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|چ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|ـچ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|ـچـ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|چـ}} | ''če (che)'' |- | style="font-size: 1.25em;" | {{IPA|/ʒ/}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|ژ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|ـژ}} | style="font-size: 2em; color: #aaa;" | {{Script/Arabic|ـژ}} | style="font-size: 2em; color: #aaa;" | {{Script/Arabic|ژ}} | ''že (zhe atawa jhe)'' |- | style="font-size: 1.25em;" | {{IPA|/ɡ/}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|گ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|ـگ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|ـگـ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|گـ}} | ''ge (gāf)'' |} <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/persian-language-1-early-new-persian |title=PERSIAN LANGUAGE i. Early New Persian |work=Iranica Online |access-date=18 March 2019 |archive-date=17 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317184538/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/persian-language-1-early-new-persian |url-status=live}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.6;text-align:center" ! Bunyi ! Posay ! Uncuk ! Tongah-tongah ! Pangkal ! Golar |- | style="font-size: 1.25em;" | {{IPA|/β/}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|ڤ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|ـڤ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|ـڤـ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|ڤـ}} | ''βe'' |} ===Gaya Arab rik Gaya Persia=== {| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; text-align:center;" ! Huruf Gaya Arab ! Huruf Gaya Parsiya ! Golar |- |style="font-size: 160%"| {{Script/Arabic|ك}} |style="font-size: 160%"| {{Script/Arabic|ک}} | ''ke'' (kāf) |- |style="font-size: 160%"| {{Script/Arabic|ي}} |style="font-size: 160%"| {{Script/Arabic|ی}} | ''ye'' |} ==Cuntuh Tulisan== ===UDHR pasal 1=== *'''[[Abjad Arab-Persia]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|تمام افراد بشر آزاد زاده می شوند و از لحاظ حيثيت و کرامت و حقوق با هم برابرند. همگی دارای عقل و وجدان هستند و بايد با يکديگر با روحيه ای برادرانه رفتار کنند.}}}} </div> *'''[[Alfabet Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Tamām-e afrād-e bašar āzād zāde mīšūnad va az leḥāż-e ḥais̱īyat-o karāmat-o ḥoqūq bā ham barābarānd. hamgī dārā-ye ʿaql-o vejdān hastand va bāyad bā yekdīgar bā rūḥīye ai barādarāne raftār konand.''}} *'''[[Bahasa Komering|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai gohgoh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.''}} ==Liyak Munih== *[[Bahasa Tajik]] *[[Bahasa Persia]] ==Rujukan== {{Reflist}} imbhcq4xczj3t5g369ptv2ru70c6m7a 0 450 38166 37335 2026-06-20T20:09:49Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38166 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = Dogri | nativename = {{langx|dgo|डोगरी|label=none}}{{·}}{{langx|dgo|{{Script|Dogr|𑠖𑠵𑠌𑠤𑠮}}|label=none}}{{·}}{{langx|dgo|{{nq|ڈوگری}}|label=none}} | pronunciation = [ɖoːɡ.ɾiː] | image = {{Photomontage | photo2a = Shukla Dogri-D.svg | photo1a = Shukla Dogri-HI.svg | photo2b = DogriArabicScript.svg | spacing = 2 | color = 0 | border = 0 | foot_montage = }} | imagecaption = Kata Dogri dilom huruf Diwanagori, Dogra, rik Nastaʿlīq. | states = {{flatlist| *[[Basa di India|India]] *[[Basa di Pakistan|Pakistan]]}} | region = {{flatlist| *[[Divisi Jammu]] *[[Himachal Pradesh]] Lawok<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dogri |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/doi |access-date=2022-07-15 |website=Ethnologue |language=en}}</ref> *[[Punjab]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dogri |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/doi |access-date=2022-07-15 |website=Ethnologue |language=en}}</ref> }} | speakers = {{sigfig|2,597|2}} juta di India | date = 2011 | ref = <ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title = C-16: Population by mother tongue, India – 2011| author = Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10191| access-date = 16 November 2022}}</ref> | speakers2 = | ethnicity = [[Jolma Dogra|Dogra]] | familycolor = Indo-European | fam2 = [[Rumpun basa Indo-Iran|Indo-Iran]] | fam3 = [[Rumpun basa Indo-Arya|Indo-Arya]] | fam4 = [[Rumpun basa Indo-Arya Liba|Liba]] | fam5 = [[Pahari Lawok]] | nation = [[Jammu rik Kashmir]], [[Basa say uwat status di India|India]]<ref>{{cite web | title=The Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Bill, 2020 | website=prsindia | date=23 September 2020 | url=https://www.prsindia.org/billtrack/jammu-and-kashmir-official-languages-bill-2020 | access-date=23 September 2020}}</ref> | script = {{flatlist| *[[Huruf Dogra|Dogra]] *[[Huruf Diwanagori|Diwanagori]] *[[Huruf Arab Urdu|Nastaliq]] *[[Mahajani]] (sajarah)}} | iso2 = doi | iso3 = doi | lc1 = dgo | ld1 = Dogri proper | lc2 = xnr | ld2 = [[Basa Kangri|Kangri]] | glotto = indo1311 | glottorefname = | map = Indo-Aryan languages grouped.png | mapcaption = [[Rumpun basa Indo-Arya]] (Basa Dogra di liba [[Basa Punjabi|Punjabi]] - titandai rik warna gandariyo-kabiruan) | notice = Indic }} {{Makay huruf khusus|Indic}} '''Basa Dogri''' joda da basa salah osay basa say dituturko [[Jolma Dogra]] di nagara [[India]].<ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/doi ''Dogri''] tiakses 2022-07-15. Ethnologue</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=OjaTSuLMKx8C&q=Shakargarh ''Cultural Forum''] (1970), India (Republic) Ministry of Scientific Research and Cultural Affairs. 24</ref><ref>Jeremy D. Scott B. Brightbill Turner. [http://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/13/27/43/132743635529526156448342546486105211675/silesr2007_017.pdf ''A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Dogri Language, Jammu and Kashmir''] (2007) SIL International. tiakses 9 Maret 2024</ref> ==Cuntuh Tulisan== ===UDHR pasal 1=== *'''[[Huruf Dogra]]''' {{Quote|𑠩𑠬𑠤𑠳 𑠢𑠝𑠯𑠊𑠹𑠋 𑠢𑠴𑠪𑠹𑠢𑠬 𑠙𑠳 𑠀𑠜𑠭𑠊𑠬𑠤𑠳𑠷 𑠛𑠳 𑠠𑠭𑠧𑠳 𑠏 𑠑𑠝𑠢𑠴 𑠚𑠢𑠬𑠷 𑠩𑠯𑠙𑠴𑠷𑠙𑠤 𑠙𑠳 𑠠𑠤𑠵𑠠𑠤 𑠝। 𑠄'𑠝𑠳𑠷𑠌𑠮 𑠠𑠯𑠛𑠹𑠜𑠭 𑠙𑠳 𑠑𑠢𑠮𑠤𑠴 𑠛𑠮 𑠛𑠳𑠝 𑠚𑠹𑠪𑠵𑠃 𑠇 𑠙𑠳 𑠄'𑠝𑠳𑠷𑠌𑠮 𑠁𑠞𑠰𑠷-𑠠𑠭𑠏𑠹𑠏𑠳𑠷 𑠡𑠬𑠃𑠏𑠬𑠤𑠳 𑠛𑠳 𑠡𑠬𑠦𑠴 𑠊𑠝𑠹𑠝𑠴 𑠠𑠹𑠣𑠪𑠬𑠤 𑠊𑠤𑠝𑠬 𑠥𑠵𑠫𑠛𑠬 𑠇।}} *'''[[Huruf Diwanagori|Aksara Diwanagori]]''' {{Quote|सारे मनुक्ख मैह्‌‍मा ते अधिकारें दे बिशे च जनमै थमां सुतैंतर ते बरोबर न। उ'नेंगी बुद्धि ते जमीरै दी देन थ्होई ऐ ते उ'नेंगी आपूं-बिच्चें भाईचारे दे भावै कन्नै ब्यहार करना लोड़दा ऐ।}} *'''[[Huruf Arab Parsi|Arab]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|سارے منکّھ میہما تے ادھکاریں دے بشے چ جنمے تھماں ستیںتر تے بروبر ن۔ ا'نیںگی بدّھ تے جمیرے دی دین تھہوئی اے تے ا'نیںگی آپوں-بچّیں بھائیچارے دے بھاوے کنّے بیہار کرنا لوڑدا اے۔}}}} </div> *'''[[Huruf Latin|Transliterasi Dogri (ISO 15919)/Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Sārē manukkha maihmā tē adhikārēṁ dē biśē ca janamai thamāṁ sutaintar tē barōbar na. U'nēṁgī buddhi tē jamīrai dī dēn thhōī ai tē u'nēṁgī āpūṁ-biccēṁ bhāīcārē dē bhāvai kannai byahār karanā lōṛadā ai.''}} *'''[[Huruf Fonetik Internasional|IPA]]''' {{Quote|[saːɾeː mənʊkːʰə mɛ́ːmaː t̪eː əd̪ɪ̀kaːɾẽː d̪eː bɪʃeː ʧə ʤənəmɛː t̪ʰəmãː sut̪ɛːnt̪əɾ t̪eː bəɾoːbəɾ nə ‖ ʊ́nẽːgiː bʊ́d̪ːɪ t̪eː dʒəmiːɾɛː d̪iː d̪eːn t̪ʰòːiː ɛː t̪eː ʊ́nẽːgiː aːpũːbɪʧːẽː pàːiːʧaːɾeː d̪eː pàːvɛː kənːɛː bjəàːɾ kəɾənaː loːɽəd̪aː ɛː ‖]}} *'''[[Basa Kumoring|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai goh-goh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.''}} ==Rujukan== {{Reflist}} [[Kaban:Basa]] oxwg6few9qg0teiquj3yncc8e6xzlqt 0 462 38178 32888 2026-06-20T22:14:34Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38178 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bahasa| | Golar = Finlandia | Golar Asli = Suomi | Golar Asli Transliterasi = - | Gambar = [[Bondol:Suomen_kieli_p%C3%A4ivitys.png|120px]] | Nagara = [[Bondol:Flag of Finland.svg|25px|border]] [[Finlandia]] | Pok = [[Eropa]] | Jumlah Panutur = 5,8 juta jiwa | Sistim Panulisan = [[Alfabet Latin]] | Status = Lokok tipakai | Etnis = [[Jolma Finlandia]] | Dialek = | Kaluwarga Bahasa = 1. [[Rumpun Bahasa Uralik|Uralik]]<br>2. [[Bahasa Finlandia]] | Bahasa say Tikahik = }} '''Basa Finlandia''' atawa {{Audio|fi-suomi.ogg|'''Suomi'''}} joda da basa say tituturko [[Jolma Finlandia]] di nagara [[Finlandia]], basa hasa lokok bukarabat rik [[Bahasa Estonia]].<ref>Martin Dryer Haspelmath, Matthew S Gil, David Comrie, Bernard Bickel, Balthasar Nichols Johanna, ''Fusion of selected inflectional formatives'' (2005) Oxford University Press, oclc 945596278</ref><ref>Heidi Öst, (2013) ''Recent Legal Developments in Sweden: What Effect for Finnish and Meänkieli Speakers?'' European Yearbook of Minority Issues Online, volume 10, isu 1, hal 563–582, doi 10.1163/22116117-01001026, ISSN 1570-7865</ref> ==Cuntuh Tulisan== '''UDHR pasal 1 dilom [[Bahasa Võro]] say tibandingko rik Basa Finlandia rik [[Bahasa Estonia]];''' *'''[[Bahasa Võro]]''': {{Quote|''Kyik inemiseq sünnüseq vapos ja ütesugumaidsis uma avvo ja õiguisi poolõst. Näile om annõt mudsu ja süämetunnistus ja nä piät üts'tõõsõga vele muudu läbi käümä.''}} *'''[[Bahasa Estonia|Bahasa Estonia Standar]]''': {{Quote|''Kõik inimesed sünnivad vabadena ja võrdsetena oma väärikuselt ja õigustelt. Neile on antud mõistus ja südametunnistus ja nende suhtumist üksteisesse peab kandma vendluse vaim.''}} *'''Basa Finlandia''': {{Quote|''Kaikki ihmiset syntyvät vapaina ja tasavertaisina arvoltaan ja oikeuksiltaan. Heille on annettu järki ja omatunto, ja heidän on toimittava toisiaan kohtaan veljeyden hengessä.''}} *'''[[Bahasa Komering|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai goh-goh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.''}} ==Rujukan== {{Reflist}} [[Kaban:Basa]] kpzdgd0l5px7te1q930l2io832h2yrs 0 463 38196 35214 2026-06-20T22:45:54Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38196 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Basa Fon''' joda da salah osay [[Basa Gbe]] say dituturko [[Jolma Fon]] di nagara [[Benin]], [[Nigeria]], [[Togo]], [[Ghana]], rik [[Gabon]]. ==Huruf== {| class="wikitable" |+Huruf Fon |- ! Huruf Balak | [[A]] || [[B]] || [[C]] || [[D]] || [[Ɖ]] || [[E]] || [[Ɛ]] || [[F]] || [[G]] || GB || [[H]] || HW || [[I]] || [[J]] || [[K]] || KP || [[L]] || [[M]] || [[N]] || NY || [[O]] || [[Ɔ]] || [[P]] || [[R]] || [[S]] || [[T]] || [[U]] || [[V]] || [[W]] || [[X]] || XW || [[Y]] || [[Z]] |--- ! Huruf Ronik | a || b || c || d || ɖ || e || ɛ || f || g || gb || h || hw || i || j || k || kp || l || m || n || ny || o || ɔ || p || r || s || t || u || v || w || x || xw || y || z |--- ! Bunyi ([[Alfabet Fonetis Internasional|IPA]]) |{{IPA|[[a]]}}||{{IPA|[[b]]}}||{{IPA|[[t͡ɕ]]}}||{{IPA|[[d]]}}||{{IPA|[[ɖ]]}}||{{IPA|[[e]]}}||{{IPA|[[ɛ]]}}||{{IPA|[[f]]}}||{{IPA|[[ɡ]]}}||{{IPA|[[Voiced labial–velar plosive|ɡb]]}}||{{IPA|[[ɣ]]}}||{{IPA|ɣʷ}}||{{IPA|[[i]]}}||{{IPA|[[d͡ʑ]]}}||{{IPA|[[k]]}}||{{IPA|[[Kp (digraph)|kp]]}}||{{IPA|[[l]]}}||{{IPA|[[m]]}}||{{IPA|[[n]]}}||{{IPA|[[ɲ]]}}||{{IPA|[[o]]}}||{{IPA|[[ɔ]]}}||{{IPA|[[p]]}}||{{IPA|[[r]]}}||{{IPA|[[s]]}}||{{IPA|[[t]]}}||{{IPA|[[u]]}}||{{IPA|[[v]]}}||{{IPA|[[w]]}}||{{IPA|[[x]]}}||{{IPA|[[xʷ]]}}||{{IPA|[[j]]}}||{{IPA|[[z]]}} |} ==Cuntuh Tulisan== ===UDHR pasal 1=== Dibah sa uwat cuntuh tulisan say makay UDHR pasal 1 dilom [[Alfabet Latin|Bahasa Fon]] rik hortina dilom [[Bahasa Komering]]. *'''[[Alfabet Latin|Bahasa Fon]]''' {{Quote|''Acɛ, susu kpo sisi ɖokpo ɔ kpo wɛ gbɛtɔ bi ɖo ɖò gbɛwiwa tɔn hwenu; ye ɖo linkpɔn bɔ ayi yetɔn mɛ kpe lo bɔ ye ɖo na do alɔ yeɖee ɖi nɔvinɔvi ɖɔhun.''}} *'''[[Bahasa Komering|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai gohgoh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.''}} *'''[[Bahasa Inggris|Horti (Inggris)]]''' {{Quote|''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''}} gxkus39ql1kn1nbc7frjvs1ixif9ewd 0 516 38170 35238 2026-06-20T20:12:58Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38170 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Basa Iban''' atawa '''Jaku Iban''' joda da basa say tituturko di [[Pulau Kalimantan]], di nagara [[Indonesia]] rik [[Malaysia]], basa hasa dituturko [[Jolma Iban]]. ==Cuntuh Tulisan== ====UDHR pasal 1==== *'''[[Alfabet Latin|Iban Standar]]''' {{Quote|''Semua mensia ada meratai enggau hak ke sebaka. Sida diberi penau runding enggau ati tuchi lalu enda tau enda begulai enggau pangan diri dalam serakup entara bala menyadi.''}} *'''[[Alfabet Latin|Iban Balau]]''' {{Quote|''Semua mensia ada bebas enggau hak ti sebaka. Sida dibehi penau runding enggau ati behesi alu enda tau enda begulai enggau dihi sama dihi dalam gehempung entaha bala menyadi.''}} *'''[[Alfabet Latin|Iban Diyalik Barih]]''' {{Quote|''Semuo mensio ado bebas enggau hak ti sebako. Sida diberi penau runding enggau ati tuchi lalu enda tau enda begulai enggau diri samo diri dalam serakup entaro balo menyadi.''}} *'''[[Alfabet Latin|Iban Diyalik Barih]]''' {{Quote|''Simuo minsio ado bibas nggau hak ti sibako. Sida dibiri penau runding enggau ati tuchi lalu endo tau endo bigulai enggau diri samo diri dalam sirakup intaro balo minyadi.''}} *'''[[Basa Kumoring|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai goh-goh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.''}} [[Kategori:Bahasa-Bahasa]] revj3krhj5ltq29h64xn0r5xqtzr13e 0 518 38167 33168 2026-06-20T20:10:22Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38167 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Basa Ido''' joda da salah osay [[basa guwayan]] say diguway bak Delegasi Adopsi Basa Bantu Internasional di tahun 1907. ==Huruf== {| class="wikitable" ! Huruf ! IPA ! Inggris ! Esperanto ! Kumoring |- | a || {{IPAslink|a}} || ''a'' juk di "p'''a'''rt" || |'''a'''kuk |- | b || {{IPAslink|b}} || ''b'' juk di "sta'''b'''le" | |'''b'''uku |- | c || {{IPAslink|t͡s}} || kari goh-goh rik ''ts'' juk di "ca'''ts'''" (tipakay munih di digraf ''ch'') | | - |- | d || {{IPAslink|d}} || ''d'' juk di "a'''d'''opt" | |'''d'''aging |- | e || {{IPAslink|e}}, {{IPAslink|ɛ}} || kari goh-goh rik ''e'' juk di "'''e'''gg" atawa ''e'' juk di "b'''e'''t" | |'''e'''konomi |- | f || {{IPAslink|f}} || ''f'' juk di "a'''f'''raid" | |'''f'''oto |- | g || {{IPAslink|ɡ}} || ''g'' koras juk di "'''g'''o" | |'''g'''alah |- | h || {{IPAslink|h}} || ''h'' juk di "'''h'''at", "a'''h'''oy" | |'''h'''ati |- | i || {{IPAslink|i}} || ''i'' juk di "mach'''i'''ne", ''ee'' dilom kata "b'''ee'''" | |'''i'''wak |- | j || {{IPAslink|ʒ}}, {{IPAslink|d͡ʒ}} || ''s'' juk di "plea'''s'''ure, mea'''s'''ure" atawa ''g'' in "mira'''g'''e, bei'''g'''e" |'''ĵ or ĝ''' |'''j'''ambu |- | k || {{IPAslink|k}} || ''k'' juk di "s'''k'''in, s'''k'''ip" | |'''k'''opi |- | l || {{IPAslink|l}} || kari goh-goh rik ''l'' juk di "'''l'''amb" | |'''l'''amon |- | m || {{IPAslink|m}} || ''m'' juk di "ad'''m'''it" | |'''m'''ongan |- | n || {{IPAslink|n}} || ''n'' juk di "a'''n'''alogy" | |'''n'''anas |- | o || {{IPAslink|o}}, {{IPAslink|ɔ}} || kari goh-goh rik ''o'' juk di "'''o'''r" | |'''o'''kan |- | p || {{IPAslink|p}} || ''p'' juk di "s'''p'''in, s'''p'''ark" | |'''p'''agi |- | q || {{IPAslink|k}} || goh-goh rik ''k'' (bih tipakay di digraf ''qu'') | - |'''k'''opi |- | r || {{IPAslink|ɾ}} || ngopak atawa ''r'' nggulung juk dilom [[Bahasa Italia|Italia]] atawa [[Bahasa Spanyol|Spanyol]]; atawa ''r'' dilom kata ve'''r'''y dilom palafalan bahasa [[Bahasa Inggris|Inggris Skotlandia]] | | - |- | s || {{IPAslink|s}} || ''s'' juk di "ea'''s'''t" (tipakay munih di digraf ''sh'') | |'''s'''api |- | t || {{IPAslink|t}} || ''t'' juk di "s'''t'''ake, s'''t'''op" | |'''t'''ikus |- | u || {{IPAslink|u}} || ''u'' juk di "r'''u'''de" | |'''u'''lay |- | v || {{IPAslink|v}} || ''v'' juk di "a'''v'''oid" | |'''v'''ideo |- | w || {{IPAslink|w}} || ''w'' juk di "a'''w'''ard" | - |'''w'''aktu |- | x || {{IPA|/ks/}}, {{IPA|/ɡz/}} || x juk di "e'''x'''cept" atawa "e'''x'''ist" | - |ta'''ks'''i |- | y || {{IPAslink|j}} || ''y'' juk di "'''y'''es" |j |'''y'''u |- | z || {{IPAslink|z}} || ''z'' juk di "'''z'''ebra" | |'''z'''aman |} {| class="wikitable" ! Digraf ! IPA ! Inggris ! Esperanto ! Kumoring |- | ch || {{IPAslink|t͡ʃ}} || ''ch'' juk di "'''ch'''ick" |'''ĉ''' |'''c'''abi |- | qu || {{IPA|/kw/}}, {{IPA|/kv/}} || ''qu'' juk di "'''qu'''ick" | - |ta'''qw'''a/ta'''kw'''a |- | sh || {{IPAslink|ʃ}} || ''sh'' juk di "'''sh'''y" |'''ŝ''' |'''sy'''arat |} == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} [[Kaban:Basa guwayan]] febyxr66afi39wz94zy7natjffiiq9s 0 522 38190 37034 2026-06-20T22:33:04Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38190 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = Indonesia | nativename = {{Lang|id|Bahasa Indonesia}} | pronunciation = {{IPA|id|baˈha.sa in.doˈne.si.ja|}} | state = [[Indonesia]] | image = Utamakan Bahasa Indonesia, Yogyakarta.jpg | imagecaption = Utamako basa Indonesia | ethnicity = Liyu jak [[Suku di Indonesia|600 suku di Indonesia]] | speakers = [[Basa partamo|B1]]: {{sigfig|75,161170|2}}&nbsp;juta | date = 2020 | ref = <ref name="ethnologue"/> | speakers2 = [[Basa karuwa|B2]]: {{sigfig|177,268100|3}}&nbsp;juta (2020)<ref name="ethnologue"/><br /> Total: {{sigfig|252,429270|3}} juta (2020)<ref name="ethnologue"/> | speakers_label = Panutur | familycolor = Austronesian | fam2 = [[Rumpun basa Malayu-Pulinisiya|Malayo-Polinesia]] | fam3 = [[Rumpun basa Malayu-Pulinisiya|Malayo-Chamik]] | fam4 = [[Rumpun basa Malayik|Malayik]] | fam5 = [[Basa Malayu|Malayu]] | ancestor = [[Basa Malayu Bahari|Malayu Bahari]] | ancestor2 = [[Basa Malayu Klasik|Malayu Klasik]] (Malayu Riau)<ref name="Cambridge University Press">{{cite book |last1=Leitner |first1=Gerhard |last2=Hashim |first2=Azirah |last3=Wolf |first3=Hans-Georg |title=Communicating with Asia: The Future of English as a Global Language |date=2016 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-316-47296-5 |page=180 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t7OnCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA180 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Indonesian Embassy: Astana">{{cite web |url=http://kbri-astana.kz/id/print/10-bahasa_dan_dialek.html |title=Bahasa dan dialek |publisher=Republic of Indonesia Embassy in Astana |language=id |ref=Dari sudut pandang linguistik, bahasa Indonesia adalah salah satu dari banyak ragam bahasa Melayu. Dasar yang dipakai adalah bahasa Melayu Riau (wilayah Kepulauan Riau sekarang) dari abad ke-19. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501173049/http://kbri-astana.kz/id/print/10-bahasa_dan_dialek.html |archive-date=1 May 2013 }}</ref><ref name="Melayu Online">{{cite web|url=http://melayuonline.com/ind/culture/dig/1349/bahasa-melayu-riau-dan-bahasa-nasional|title=Bahasa Melayu Riau dan Bahasa Nasional|publisher=Melayu Online|access-date=29 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111122024301/http://melayuonline.com/ind/culture/dig/1349/bahasa-melayu-riau-dan-bahasa-nasional|archive-date=22 November 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ancestor3 = [[Basa Malayu Pra-Modern|Malayu Pra-Modern]] ([[Hindia Balando|Malayu Hindia Balando]]/[[Balai Pustaka|Malayu Balai Pustaka]]) | script = [[Huruf Latin|Latin]] ([[#Huruf|huruf Indonesia]])<br />[[Braille Indonesia]] | nation = {{flag|Indonesia}} ---- [[UNESCO]] | minority = {{flag|Timor Leste}} (Basa Indonesia tipakay jadi basa pagawian rik basa paniagoan rik Indonesia)<ref name="easttimorgovernment.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.easttimorgovernment.com/languages.htm|title=East Timor Languages|website=www.easttimorgovernment.com|access-date=21 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130633/http://easttimorgovernment.com/languages.htm|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> | agency = [[Language Development and Fostering Agency]] (Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa) | iso1 = id | iso2 = ind | iso3 = ind | lingua = 33-AFA-ac | map = Indonesian Language Map.svg | mapcaption = {{legend|#000080|Nagara say dipa basa Indonesia joda da mayoritas basa rasmi, basa nasional}} {{legend|#00FFFD|Nagara say dipa basa Indonesia joda da basa minoritas atawa basa paniagoan}} | notice = IPA | sign = SIBI (Manually Coded Indonesian) <!--I think that this field is for the manually coded (signed) version/form of the spoken language, not for a sign language on its own right. BISINDO is a sign language on its own right, while SIBI is the manually coded version of Indonesian.--> | glotto = indo1316 | glottorefname = Indonesian | stand1 = [[Basa standar|Basa Indonesia Standar]] | dia1 = [[Basa gaul]] (tarutama di Jakarta)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dialect: Colloquial Jakarta Indonesian|url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/cjin1234|website=glottolog.org|access-date=2023-06-19}}</ref> }} '''Basa Indonesia''' joda da basa say paling lamon digunako di dunia sa, basa sija dipakay di nagara [[Indonesia]] sabagay basa resmi na.<ref>[http://www.bahasakita.com/news/depdiknas-terbitkan-peta-bahasa/ ''Depdiknas Terbitkan Peta Bahasa''] [https://web.archive.org/web/20100429103749/http://www.bahasakita.com/news/depdiknas-terbitkan-peta-bahasa/ 2010-04-29] Blog BahasaKita 4 Maret 2009, mirror dari berita AntaraOnline edisi 22 Oktober 2008.</ref><ref>[https://ugm.ac.id/id/berita/22527-penutur-bahasa-indonesia-capai-300-juta-jiwa ''Penutur Bahasa Indonesia Capai 300 Juta Jiwa''] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230326032239/https://ugm.ac.id/id/berita/22527-penutur-bahasa-indonesia-capai-300-juta-jiwa,no]</ref><ref>Asmadi T.D. [http://lpds.or.id/jurnalistik_education.php?module=detailbahasa&id=''20 Arti Tanggal 2 Mei bagi Bahasa Indonesia''] [https://web.archive.org/web/20100505041125/http://lpds.or.id/jurnalistik_education.php?module=detailbahasa&id=20 2010-05-05]. Laman Lembaga Pers Dr. Sutomo. Edisi 08 Februari 2010. diakses 5 Maret 2010.</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.my/books?id=HcwtAAAAMAAJ&q=Ki+Hajar+Dewantara++%22jang+dinamakan+%22&dq=Ki+Hajar+Dewantara++%22jang+dinamakan+%22&pgis=1 ''Pembentukan kata dalam bahasa Indonesia By Harimurti Kridalaksana'']</ref> Basa Indonesia joda da basa resmi jak nagara [[Indonesia]], say bubakak jak [[Bahasa Melayu]].<ref>"Abas 1987 230"</ref><ref>"Mahayana 2009 21"</ref><ref>[https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpnbkepri/perkembangan-bahasa-melayu/ ''Perkembangan Bahasa Melayu'']. Arman Dedi, 8 June 2014 kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id. Directorate General of Culture of The Republic of Indonesia 7 Maret 2024 {{Quote|Pemindahan ini merupakan permulaan dari suatu periode dalam pengembangan dan penyebaran bahasa Melayu, yaitu zaman Kerajaan Riau dan Lingga. Dalam periode inilah bahasa Melayu memperoleh ciri ke-Riau-annya, dan bahasa Melayu Riau inilah yang merupakan cikal bakal bahasa Nasional Indonesia yang dicetuskan pada Sumpah Pemuda 28 Oktober 1928 ...Selama keberadaan kerajaan ini hampir 200 tahun lamanya, ada tiga momentum yang penting sekali bagi perkembangan dan persebaran bahasa Melayu Riau, yaitu tahun 1808, ketika Raja Ali Haji lahir; tahun 1857, ketika Raja Ali Haji menyelesaikan bukunya yang berjudul Bustanul Katibin, suatu tatabahasa normatif bahasa Melayu Riau; dan tahun 1894, ketika percetakan Mathba’atul Riauwiyah atau Mathba’atul Ahmadiyah didirikan. Pengoperasian percetakan Mathba’atul Riauwiyah ini sangat penting karena melalui buku-buku dan pamflet-pamflet yang diterbitkannya, bahasa Melayu Riau tersebar ke daerah lain di Kepulauan Nusantara.}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20201101015027/https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpnbkepri/perkembangan-bahasa-melayu/]</ref><ref>[https://tirto.id/sejarah-kongres-bahasa-indonesia-i-meresmikan-bahasa-persatuan-ecjH ''Sejarah Kongres Bahasa Indonesia I: Meresmikan Bahasa Persatuan'']. Ardanareswari Indira, Tirto {{Quote|"What is named as 'Indonesian language' is the Malay language which mainly derived from 'Riau Malay' but which has been added, modified or subtract according to the needs of new age and nature, until the language is now readily spoken by all of the people of Indonesia," says Ki Hajar Dewantara in The Indonesian Language Congress I 1983 in Solo (eng)}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20201127030258/https://tirto.id/sejarah-kongres-bahasa-indonesia-i-meresmikan-bahasa-persatuan-ecjH]</ref><ref>0 </ref><ref name="Sneddon">Sneddon 2003, ''The Indonesian Language: Its History and Role in Modern Society'', p. 70</ref> ==Cuntuh Tulisan== *'''UDHR pasal 1;''' {{Quote|''Semua orang dilahirkan merdeka dan mempunyai martabat dan hak-hak yang sama. Mereka dikaruniai akal dan hati nurani dan hendaknya bergaul satu sama lain dalam semangat persaudaraan.''}} *'''[[Bahasa Komering|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai goh-goh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.''}} ==Pabandingan rik Bahasa Melayu== {{Halaman Makkung Radu}} {| class="wikitable" ! [[Alfabet Latin|Latin (Indonesia)]] ! [[Bahasa Melayu|Latin (Melayu)]] |- |{{Quote|''Semua orang dilahirkan merdeka dan mempunyai martabat dan hak-hak yang sama. Mereka dikaruniai akal dan hati nurani dan hendaknya bergaul satu sama lain dalam semangat persaudaraan.''}} || {{Quote|''Semua manusia dilahirkan bebas dan sama rata dari segi maruah dan hak-hak. Mereka mempunyai pemikiran dan perasaan hati dan hendaklah bertindak di antara satu sama lain dengan semangat persaudaraan.''}} |- ! [[Arab Melayu Jawi|Jawi (Indonesia)]] ! [[Arab Melayu Jawi|Jawi (Melayu)]] |- | <div dir=rtl>{{Quote|سموا اورڠ ديلاهركن مرديك دان ممڤوڽاي مارتبة دان حق-حق يڠ سام. مريك دي كرونياي اكل دان هاتي نوراني دان هندق ڽ برڬاول ساتو سام لاين دالم سماڠت ڤرساودارأن.}}</div> || </div><div dir=rtl>{{Quote|سموا مانوسيا ديلاهركن بيبس دان سام رات دري سڬي مرواه دان حق-حق. مريك ممڤوڽاي ڤميكيرن دان ڤراسان هاتي دان هندقله برتيندق دي انتارا ساتو سام لاين دڠن سماڠت ڤرساودارأن.}}</div> |- ! colspan=2 style="text-align: center"| [[Bahasa Komering|Horti (Komering)]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align: left"| {{Quote|''Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai goh-goh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.''}} |- ! colspan=2 style="text-align: center"| [[Bahasa Inggris|Horti (Inggris)]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align: left"| {{Quote|''Article 1—All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience. Therefore, they should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''}} |} ==Rujukan== {{Reflist}} 65ot7exim0pk1bn5ih397wv7wmq9exq 38218 38190 2026-06-21T08:23:25Z Àncilu 1583 [[Usus:LintErrors/stripped-tag]] 38218 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = Indonesia | nativename = {{Lang|id|Bahasa Indonesia}} | pronunciation = {{IPA|id|baˈha.sa in.doˈne.si.ja|}} | state = [[Indonesia]] | image = Utamakan Bahasa Indonesia, Yogyakarta.jpg | imagecaption = Utamako basa Indonesia | ethnicity = Liyu jak [[Suku di Indonesia|600 suku di Indonesia]] | speakers = [[Basa partamo|B1]]: {{sigfig|75,161170|2}}&nbsp;juta | date = 2020 | ref = <ref name="ethnologue"/> | speakers2 = [[Basa karuwa|B2]]: {{sigfig|177,268100|3}}&nbsp;juta (2020)<ref name="ethnologue"/><br /> Total: {{sigfig|252,429270|3}} juta (2020)<ref name="ethnologue"/> | speakers_label = Panutur | familycolor = Austronesian | fam2 = [[Rumpun basa Malayu-Pulinisiya|Malayo-Polinesia]] | fam3 = [[Rumpun basa Malayu-Pulinisiya|Malayo-Chamik]] | fam4 = [[Rumpun basa Malayik|Malayik]] | fam5 = [[Basa Malayu|Malayu]] | ancestor = [[Basa Malayu Bahari|Malayu Bahari]] | ancestor2 = [[Basa Malayu Klasik|Malayu Klasik]] (Malayu Riau)<ref name="Cambridge University Press">{{cite book |last1=Leitner |first1=Gerhard |last2=Hashim |first2=Azirah |last3=Wolf |first3=Hans-Georg |title=Communicating with Asia: The Future of English as a Global Language |date=2016 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-316-47296-5 |page=180 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t7OnCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA180 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Indonesian Embassy: Astana">{{cite web |url=http://kbri-astana.kz/id/print/10-bahasa_dan_dialek.html |title=Bahasa dan dialek |publisher=Republic of Indonesia Embassy in Astana |language=id |ref=Dari sudut pandang linguistik, bahasa Indonesia adalah salah satu dari banyak ragam bahasa Melayu. Dasar yang dipakai adalah bahasa Melayu Riau (wilayah Kepulauan Riau sekarang) dari abad ke-19. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501173049/http://kbri-astana.kz/id/print/10-bahasa_dan_dialek.html |archive-date=1 May 2013 }}</ref><ref name="Melayu Online">{{cite web|url=http://melayuonline.com/ind/culture/dig/1349/bahasa-melayu-riau-dan-bahasa-nasional|title=Bahasa Melayu Riau dan Bahasa Nasional|publisher=Melayu Online|access-date=29 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111122024301/http://melayuonline.com/ind/culture/dig/1349/bahasa-melayu-riau-dan-bahasa-nasional|archive-date=22 November 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ancestor3 = [[Basa Malayu Pra-Modern|Malayu Pra-Modern]] ([[Hindia Balando|Malayu Hindia Balando]]/[[Balai Pustaka|Malayu Balai Pustaka]]) | script = [[Huruf Latin|Latin]] ([[#Huruf|huruf Indonesia]])<br />[[Braille Indonesia]] | nation = {{flag|Indonesia}} ---- [[UNESCO]] | minority = {{flag|Timor Leste}} (Basa Indonesia tipakay jadi basa pagawian rik basa paniagoan rik Indonesia)<ref name="easttimorgovernment.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.easttimorgovernment.com/languages.htm|title=East Timor Languages|website=www.easttimorgovernment.com|access-date=21 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130633/http://easttimorgovernment.com/languages.htm|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> | agency = [[Language Development and Fostering Agency]] (Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa) | iso1 = id | iso2 = ind | iso3 = ind | lingua = 33-AFA-ac | map = Indonesian Language Map.svg | mapcaption = {{legend|#000080|Nagara say dipa basa Indonesia joda da mayoritas basa rasmi, basa nasional}} {{legend|#00FFFD|Nagara say dipa basa Indonesia joda da basa minoritas atawa basa paniagoan}} | notice = IPA | sign = SIBI (Manually Coded Indonesian) <!--I think that this field is for the manually coded (signed) version/form of the spoken language, not for a sign language on its own right. BISINDO is a sign language on its own right, while SIBI is the manually coded version of Indonesian.--> | glotto = indo1316 | glottorefname = Indonesian | stand1 = [[Basa standar|Basa Indonesia Standar]] | dia1 = [[Basa gaul]] (tarutama di Jakarta)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dialect: Colloquial Jakarta Indonesian|url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/cjin1234|website=glottolog.org|access-date=2023-06-19}}</ref> }} '''Basa Indonesia''' joda da basa say paling lamon digunako di dunia sa, basa sija dipakay di nagara [[Indonesia]] sabagay basa resmi na.<ref>[http://www.bahasakita.com/news/depdiknas-terbitkan-peta-bahasa/ ''Depdiknas Terbitkan Peta Bahasa''] [https://web.archive.org/web/20100429103749/http://www.bahasakita.com/news/depdiknas-terbitkan-peta-bahasa/ 2010-04-29] Blog BahasaKita 4 Maret 2009, mirror dari berita AntaraOnline edisi 22 Oktober 2008.</ref><ref>[https://ugm.ac.id/id/berita/22527-penutur-bahasa-indonesia-capai-300-juta-jiwa ''Penutur Bahasa Indonesia Capai 300 Juta Jiwa''] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230326032239/https://ugm.ac.id/id/berita/22527-penutur-bahasa-indonesia-capai-300-juta-jiwa,no]</ref><ref>Asmadi T.D. [http://lpds.or.id/jurnalistik_education.php?module=detailbahasa&id=''20 Arti Tanggal 2 Mei bagi Bahasa Indonesia''] [https://web.archive.org/web/20100505041125/http://lpds.or.id/jurnalistik_education.php?module=detailbahasa&id=20 2010-05-05]. Laman Lembaga Pers Dr. Sutomo. Edisi 08 Februari 2010. diakses 5 Maret 2010.</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com.my/books?id=HcwtAAAAMAAJ&q=Ki+Hajar+Dewantara++%22jang+dinamakan+%22&dq=Ki+Hajar+Dewantara++%22jang+dinamakan+%22&pgis=1 ''Pembentukan kata dalam bahasa Indonesia By Harimurti Kridalaksana'']</ref> Basa Indonesia joda da basa resmi jak nagara [[Indonesia]], say bubakak jak [[Bahasa Melayu]].<ref>"Abas 1987 230"</ref><ref>"Mahayana 2009 21"</ref><ref>[https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpnbkepri/perkembangan-bahasa-melayu/ ''Perkembangan Bahasa Melayu'']. Arman Dedi, 8 June 2014 kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id. Directorate General of Culture of The Republic of Indonesia 7 Maret 2024 {{Quote|Pemindahan ini merupakan permulaan dari suatu periode dalam pengembangan dan penyebaran bahasa Melayu, yaitu zaman Kerajaan Riau dan Lingga. Dalam periode inilah bahasa Melayu memperoleh ciri ke-Riau-annya, dan bahasa Melayu Riau inilah yang merupakan cikal bakal bahasa Nasional Indonesia yang dicetuskan pada Sumpah Pemuda 28 Oktober 1928 ...Selama keberadaan kerajaan ini hampir 200 tahun lamanya, ada tiga momentum yang penting sekali bagi perkembangan dan persebaran bahasa Melayu Riau, yaitu tahun 1808, ketika Raja Ali Haji lahir; tahun 1857, ketika Raja Ali Haji menyelesaikan bukunya yang berjudul Bustanul Katibin, suatu tatabahasa normatif bahasa Melayu Riau; dan tahun 1894, ketika percetakan Mathba’atul Riauwiyah atau Mathba’atul Ahmadiyah didirikan. Pengoperasian percetakan Mathba’atul Riauwiyah ini sangat penting karena melalui buku-buku dan pamflet-pamflet yang diterbitkannya, bahasa Melayu Riau tersebar ke daerah lain di Kepulauan Nusantara.}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20201101015027/https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpnbkepri/perkembangan-bahasa-melayu/]</ref><ref>[https://tirto.id/sejarah-kongres-bahasa-indonesia-i-meresmikan-bahasa-persatuan-ecjH ''Sejarah Kongres Bahasa Indonesia I: Meresmikan Bahasa Persatuan'']. Ardanareswari Indira, Tirto {{Quote|"What is named as 'Indonesian language' is the Malay language which mainly derived from 'Riau Malay' but which has been added, modified or subtract according to the needs of new age and nature, until the language is now readily spoken by all of the people of Indonesia," says Ki Hajar Dewantara in The Indonesian Language Congress I 1983 in Solo (eng)}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20201127030258/https://tirto.id/sejarah-kongres-bahasa-indonesia-i-meresmikan-bahasa-persatuan-ecjH]</ref><ref>0 </ref><ref name="Sneddon">Sneddon 2003, ''The Indonesian Language: Its History and Role in Modern Society'', p. 70</ref> ==Cuntuh Tulisan== *'''UDHR pasal 1;''' {{Quote|''Semua orang dilahirkan merdeka dan mempunyai martabat dan hak-hak yang sama. Mereka dikaruniai akal dan hati nurani dan hendaknya bergaul satu sama lain dalam semangat persaudaraan.''}} *'''[[Bahasa Komering|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai goh-goh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.''}} ==Pabandingan rik Bahasa Melayu== {{Halaman Makkung Radu}} {| class="wikitable" ! [[Alfabet Latin|Latin (Indonesia)]] ! [[Bahasa Melayu|Latin (Melayu)]] |- |{{Quote|''Semua orang dilahirkan merdeka dan mempunyai martabat dan hak-hak yang sama. Mereka dikaruniai akal dan hati nurani dan hendaknya bergaul satu sama lain dalam semangat persaudaraan.''}} || {{Quote|''Semua manusia dilahirkan bebas dan sama rata dari segi maruah dan hak-hak. Mereka mempunyai pemikiran dan perasaan hati dan hendaklah bertindak di antara satu sama lain dengan semangat persaudaraan.''}} |- ! [[Arab Melayu Jawi|Jawi (Indonesia)]] ! [[Arab Melayu Jawi|Jawi (Melayu)]] |- | <div dir=rtl>{{Quote|سموا اورڠ ديلاهركن مرديك دان ممڤوڽاي مارتبة دان حق-حق يڠ سام. مريك دي كرونياي اكل دان هاتي نوراني دان هندق ڽ برڬاول ساتو سام لاين دالم سماڠت ڤرساودارأن.}}</div> || <div dir=rtl>{{Quote|سموا مانوسيا ديلاهركن بيبس دان سام رات دري سڬي مرواه دان حق-حق. مريك ممڤوڽاي ڤميكيرن دان ڤراسان هاتي دان هندقله برتيندق دي انتارا ساتو سام لاين دڠن سماڠت ڤرساودارأن.}}</div> |- ! colspan=2 style="text-align: center"| [[Bahasa Komering|Horti (Komering)]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align: left"| {{Quote|''Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai goh-goh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.''}} |- ! colspan=2 style="text-align: center"| [[Bahasa Inggris|Horti (Inggris)]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align: left"| {{Quote|''Article 1—All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience. Therefore, they should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''}} |} ==Rujukan== {{Reflist}} 2gkflfbpojncro3mrj8jriaxop3ilyc 0 550 38187 34958 2026-06-20T22:25:29Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38187 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = Kirghiz | nativename = {{lang|ky|Кыргыз тили}}<br>{{lang|ky-latn|Kyrgyz tili}}<br>{{lang|ky|{{script|Arab|قىرغىز تىلى}}}} | image = Kyrgyz.svg | imagecaption = Kyrgyz dilom huruf [[huruf Sirilik|Sirilik]] rik [[Huruf Hijaiyah|Arab]] | pronunciation = {{IPA|ky|qɯɾʁɯzˈtʃɑ|}} | ethnicity = [[Jolma Kirghiz|Kirghiz]] | states = [[Kirgizstan]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Pakistan]], [[Cina]] | speakers = {{sigfig|5,154500|3}} juta | date = 2009 | ref = e26 | familycolor = Altaic | fam1 = [[Rumpun basa Turkik|Turkik]] | fam2 = [[Rumpun basa Turkik Umum|Turkik Umum]] | fam3 = [[Rumpun basa Kipchak|Kipchak]] | fam4 = Kyrgyz–Kipchak | script = [[Huruf Kirghiz]] ([[Huruf Sirilik]], [[Huruf Hijaiyah|Arab]], [[Braille Kirghiz]]) Payja, [[Huruf Turki Bahari]] | nation = {{flag|Kirgizstan}}<br>{{flag|China}} *[[Prefektur Otonomi Kizilsu Kyrgyz]] {{Collapsible list|titlestyle=font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;|title='''Organisasi''':|{{flag|Organisasi Nagara-Nagara Turki}}<br/>{{flag|Organisasi Pajanjian Kaamanan Kolektif}}}} | minority = {{flag|Uzbekistan}}<br>{{flag|Tajikistan}} | iso1 = ky | iso2 = kir | iso3 = kir | lingua = 44-AAB-cd | notice = IPA | glotto = kirg1245 | glottorefname = Kirghiz | region = [[Asia Tongah]] | map = Distribution of the Kyrgyz language.png | mapcaption = Places where Kyrgyz is spoken | dia1 = [[Basa Kirghiz Pamiri|Kirghiz Pamiri]] }} '''Basa Kirghiz''' joda da basa rumpun Turki say dituturko [[Jolma Kirghiz]] di nagara [[Kirgizstan]] di Asia Tongah.<ref>Kanat Altynbayev [https://central.asia-news.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_ca/features/2019/09/24/feature-02 ''Kyrgyzstan considers switch to Latin alphabet from Cyrillic''] Caravanserai dilom [[Bahasa Inggris|Bahasa Inggris British]]</ref><ref>Кызласов И. Л., ''Рунические письменности евразийских степей'' (Kyzlasov I.L. ''Runic scripts of Eurasian steppes''), Восточная литература (Eastern Literature), Moscow, 1994, pp. 80 on, ISBN 978-5-02-017741-3, with further bibliography.</ref> ==Huruf== {| class="sortable wikitable" |-align="center" ! colspan="2" | [[Alfabet Latin|Transliterasi]] ! rowspan="2" | Golar Huruf ! rowspan="2" | [[Alfabet Fonetis Internasional|IPA]] ! rowspan="2" | Posay ! rowspan="2" | Uncuk ! rowspan="2" | Tongah-tongah ! rowspan="2" | Pangkal |- ! Kiril ! Latin |- align="center" | {{Script/Unyin|А а}} |{{Script/Arabic|A a}} | {{Script/Unyin|Алиф}} | {{IPA|[ɑ]}} | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ا}}</span> | colspan="2" | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﺎ}}</span> |<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ا}}</span> |- align="center" | {{Script/Unyin|Б б}} |{{Script/Arabic|B b}} | {{Script/Unyin|Бе}} | {{IPA|[b]}} | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﺏ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﺐ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﺒ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﺑ}}</span> |- align="center" | {{Script/Unyin|П п}} |{{Script/Arabic|P p}} | {{Script/Unyin|Пе}} | {{IPA|[p]}} | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|پ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﭗ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﭙ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﭙ}}</span> |- align="center" | {{Script/Unyin|Т т}} |{{Script/Arabic|T t}} | {{Script/Unyin|Те}} | {{IPA|[t]}} | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﺕ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﺖ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﺘ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﺗ}}</span> |- align="center" | {{Script/Unyin|Ж ж}} |{{Script/Arabic|J j}} | {{Script/Unyin|Жим}} | {{IPA|[dʒ]}} | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﺝ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﺞ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﺠ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﺟ}}</span> |- align="center" | {{Script/Unyin|Ч ч}} |{{Script/Arabic|Ch ch}} | {{Script/Unyin|Чим}} | {{IPA|[t͡ʃ]}} | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﭺ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﭻ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﭽ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﭼ}}</span> |- align="center" | {{Script/Unyin|Х х}} |{{Script/Arabic|H h}} | {{Script/Unyin|Хе}} | {{IPA|[χ~q]}} | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﺡ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﺢ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﺤ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﺣ}}</span> |- align="center" | {{Script/Unyin|Д д}} |{{Script/Arabic|D d}} | {{Script/Unyin|Дал}} | {{IPA|[d]}} | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﺩ}}</span> | colspan="2" | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﺪ}}</span> |<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﺩ}}</span> |- align="center" | {{Script/Unyin|Р р}} |{{Script/Arabic|R r}} | {{Script/Unyin|Ре}} | {{IPA|[r]}} | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﺭ}}</span> | colspan="2" | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﺮ}}</span> |<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﺭ}}</span> |- align="center" | {{Script/Unyin|З з}} |{{Script/Arabic|Z z}} | {{Script/Unyin|Зайн}} | {{IPA|[z]}} | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﺯ}}</span> | colspan="2" | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﺰ}}</span> |<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﺯ}}</span> |- align="center" | {{Script/Unyin|С с}} |{{Script/Arabic|S s}} | {{Script/Unyin|Син}} | {{IPA|[s]}} | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﺱ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﺲ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﺴ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﺳ}}</span> |- align="center" | {{Script/Unyin|Ш ш}} |{{Script/Arabic|Sh sh}} | {{Script/Unyin|Шин}} | {{IPA|[ʃ]}} | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﺵ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﺶ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﺸ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﺷ}}</span> |- align="center" | {{Script/Unyin|Г г}} |{{Script/Arabic|G g}} | {{Script/Unyin|Гайн}} | {{IPA|[ɢ~ʁ]}} | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﻉ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﻊ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﻌ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﻋ}}</span> |- align="center" | {{Script/Unyin|Ф ф}} |{{Script/Arabic|F f}} | {{Script/Unyin|Фе}} | {{IPA|[ɸ]}} | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﻑ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﻒ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﻔ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﻓ}}</span> |- align="center" | {{Script/Unyin|К к}} |{{Script/Arabic|K k}} | {{Script/Unyin|Каф}} | {{IPA|[q]}} | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﻕ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﻖ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﻘ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﻗ}}</span> |- align="center" | {{Script/Unyin|Кь кь}} |{{Script/Arabic|K k}} | {{Script/Unyin|Kе}} | {{IPA|[k]}} | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ك}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـك}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـكـ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|كـ}}</span> |- align="center" | {{Script/Unyin|Гь гь}} |{{Script/Arabic|G g}} | {{Script/Unyin|Ге}} | {{IPA|[ɡ]}} | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|گ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﮓ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﮕ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﮔ}}</span> |- align="center" | {{Script/Unyin|Ң ң}} |{{Script/Arabic|Ng ng }} | {{Script/Unyin|Эң}} | {{IPA|[ŋ~ɴ]}} | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ڭ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـڭ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـڭـ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ڭـ}}</span> |- align="center" | {{Script/Unyin|Л л}} |{{Script/Arabic|L l}} | {{Script/Unyin|Лам}} | {{IPA|[l~ɫ]}} | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﻝ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﻞ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﻠ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﻟ}}</span> |- align="center" | {{Script/Unyin|М м}} |{{Script/Arabic|M m}} | {{Script/Unyin|Mим}} | {{IPA|[m]}} | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﻡ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﻢ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﻤ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﻣ}}</span> |- align="center" | {{Script/Unyin|Н н}} |{{Script/Arabic|N n}} | {{Script/Unyin|Нун}} | {{IPA|[n]}} | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﻥ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﻦ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﻨ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﻧ}}</span> |- align="center" | {{Script/Unyin|О о}} |{{Script/Arabic|O o}} | {{Script/Unyin|O o}} | {{IPA|[o]}} | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|و}}</span> | colspan="2" | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﻮ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|و}}</span> |- align="center" | {{Script/Unyin|Ө ө}} |{{Script/Arabic|Ö ö}} | {{Script/Unyin|Ө ө}} | {{IPA|[ø]}} | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ۅ}}</span> | colspan="2" | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـۅ}}</span> |<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ۅ}}</span> |- align="center" | {{Script/Unyin|У у}} |{{Script/Arabic|U u}} | {{Script/Unyin|У у}} | {{IPA|[u]}} | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﯗ}}</span> | colspan="2" | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـﯗ}}</span> |<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﯗ}}</span> |- align="center" | {{Script/Unyin|Ү ү}} |{{Script/Arabic|Ü ü}} | {{Script/Unyin|Ү ү}} | {{IPA|[y]}} | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ۉ}}</span> | colspan="2" | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـۉ}}</span> |<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ۉ}}</span> |- align="center" | {{Script/Unyin|В в}} |{{Script/Arabic|V v}} | {{Script/Unyin|Ве}} | {{IPA|[v~w]}} | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﯞ}}</span> | colspan="2" | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـﯞ}}</span> |<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﯞ}}</span> |- align="center" | {{Script/Unyin|Э э}} |{{Script/Arabic|E e}} | {{Script/Unyin|Э э}} | {{IPA|[e]}} | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ە}}</span> | colspan="2" | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﻪ}}</span> |<span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ە}}</span> |- align="center" | {{Script/Unyin|Ы ы}} | {{Script/Arabic|I ı}} | {{Script/Unyin|I ı}} | [ɯ] | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﻯ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﻯ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـىـ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ىـ}}</span> |- align="center" | {{Script/Unyin|И и}} | {{Script/Arabic|İ i}} | {{Script/Unyin|İ i}} | [i] | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ئ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ئ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ـئـ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ئـ}}</span> |- align="center" | {{Script/Unyin|Й й}} |{{Script/Arabic|Y y}} | {{Script/Unyin|Эй эй}} | {{IPA|[j]}} | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ي}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ي}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﻴ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ﻳ}}</span> |- align="center" | |{{Script/Arabic|-}} |{{Script/Unyin|Кыбачы}} | | <span style="font-size:160%;">{{Script/Arabic|ء}}</span> | <span style="font-size:160%;"></span> | <span style="font-size:160%;"></span> | <span style="font-size:160%;"></span> |} Dilom huruf versi samakkungna, urutan «ییی» tipakay untuk ngawakilko ы/и; urutan «ېېې» ngalih tipakay untuk ngawakilko й. Modifikasi hasa kamungkinan balak tiurungko lah peran historis «ېېې» say ngawakilko suara /e/. Walawpun «ېېې» mak kala jadi bagiyan jak ortografi standar [[Bahasa Persia|Persia]] atawa Chagatay, ina mangkali lokok uwat preseden sabagay variasi panulisan say ngawakilko /e/ rik peranna di zaman modern dilom [[bahasa Pashto]] rik [[Bahasa Uyghur|Uyghur]] munih ngawakilko /e/. Lah sina, Kasym Tynystanov kamungkinan balak nguway kasalahan lah buhati-hati rik milih skema modern say tijajakko dinggak. ==Cuntuh Tulisan== ===UDHR pasal 1=== *'''[[Alfabet Sirilik|Sirilik]]''' {{Quote|Бардык адамдар өз беделинде жана укуктарында эркин жана тең укуктуу болуп жаралат. Алардын аң-сезими менен абийири бар жана бири-бирине бир туугандык мамиле кылууга тийиш.}} *'''[[Alfabet Sirilik|Sirilik Kursiv]]''' {{Quote|''Бардык адамдар өз беделинде жана укуктарында эркин жана тең укуктуу болуп жаралат. Алардын аң-сезими менен абийири бар жана бири-бирине бир туугандык мамиле кылууга тийиш.''}} *'''[[Alfabet Latin|Latin (1928-1940)]]''' {{Quote|''Bardьq adamdar ɵz ʙedelinde çana uquqtarьnda erkin çana teꞑ uquqtuu ʙolup çaralat. Alardьn aꞑ-sezimi menen aʙijiri ʙar çana ʙiri-ʙirine ʙir tuuƣandьq mamile qьluuƣa tijiş.''}} *'''[[Alfabet Latin|Latin dilom Emigrasi (1940-1970)]]''' {{Quote|''Bardĭq adamdar öz bedelinde çana uquqtarĭnda erkin çana teꞑ uquqtuu bolup çaralat. Alardĭn aꞑ-sezimi menen abijiri bar çana biri-birine bir tuuƣandĭq mamile qĭluuƣa tijiş.''}} *'''[[Alfabet Latin|Latin (Ganta)]]''' {{Quote|''Bardık adamdar öz bedelinde jana ukuktarında erkin jana teŋ ukuktuu bolup jaralat. Alardın aŋ-sezimi menen abiyiri bar jana biri-birine bir tuugandık mamile kıluuga tiyiş.''}} *'''[[Huruf Hijaiyah|Arab]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|باردىق ادامدار ۅز بەدەلىندە جانا ۇقۇقتارىندا ەركىن جانا تەڭ ۇقۇقتۇۇ بولۇپ جارالات.۔ الاردىن اڭ-سەزىمى مەنەن ابئيىرى بار جانا بئرى-بئرىنە بئر تۇۇعاندىق مامئلە قىلۇۇعا تئيىش.}}}} </div> *'''[[Aksara Turki Bahari]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|𐰉𐰀𐰺𐰒𐰃𐰶 𐰀𐰒𐰀𐰢𐰒𐰀𐰺 𐰇𐰕 𐰋𐰅𐰓𐰅𐰠𐰄𐰧𐰅 𐰳𐰀𐰣𐰀 𐰆𐰸𐰆𐰸𐱄𐰀𐰺𐰃𐰧𐰀 𐰅𐰼𐰚𐰄𐰤 𐰳𐰀𐰣𐰀 𐱅𐰅𐰭 𐰆𐰸𐰆𐰸𐱇𐰆𐰆 𐰉𐰆𐰞𐰆𐰯 𐰳𐰀𐰺𐰀𐰞𐰀𐱄٠ 𐰀𐰞𐰀𐰺𐰒𐰃𐰣 𐰀𐰭־𐰾𐰅𐰕𐰄𐰢𐰄 𐰢𐰅𐰤𐰅𐰤 𐰀𐰋𐰄𐰘𐰄𐰼𐰄 𐰉𐰀𐰺 𐰳𐰀𐰣𐰀 𐰋𐰄𐰼𐰄־𐰋𐰄𐰼𐰄𐰤𐰅 𐰋𐰄𐰼 𐱇𐰆𐰆𐰍𐰀𐰧𐰃𐰶 𐰢𐰀𐰢𐰄𐰠𐰅 𐰶𐰃𐰞𐰆𐰆𐰍𐰀 𐱅𐰄𐰘𐰄𐱁٠}} </div> *'''[[Aksara Mongol|Aksara Mongol (Janggak guk Bah)]]''' {{MongolUnicode|{{Quote|ᠪᠠᠷᠳ᠋ ᠍ ᠤᠺ ᠠᠳᠮᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠥᠽ ᠪᠧᠳᠧᠯᠢᠨᠳᠧ ᠵᠠᠨᠠ ᠤᠺᠦᠶᠢᠺᠲ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠺᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠨᠠ ᠲᠧᠨ ᠤᠺᠦᠶᠢᠺᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠫ ᠵᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ᠃ ᠠᠯᠠᠷᠳ᠋ ᠍ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠨ ᠰᠧᠽᠢᠮᠢ ᠮᠧᠨᠧᠨ ᠠᠪ ᠦᠢᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠰ ᠵᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠢᠷᠢ ᠪᠢᠷᠢᠨᠧ ᠪᠢᠷ ᠲᠤᠤᠭᠠᠨᠳ ᠤᠺ ᠮᠠᠮᠢᠯᠧ ᠺ ᠤᠯᠤᠤᠭᠠ ᠲ ᠦᠡᠰᠢ᠃}}}} *'''[[Aksara Mongol|Aksara Mongol (Biaso)]]''' {{Quote|ᠪᠠᠷᠳ᠋ ᠍ ᠤᠺ ᠠᠳᠮᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠥᠽ ᠪᠧᠳᠧᠯᠢᠨᠳᠧ ᠵᠠᠨᠠ ᠤᠺᠦᠶᠢᠺᠲ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠺᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠨᠠ ᠲᠧᠨ ᠤᠺᠦᠶᠢᠺᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠫ ᠵᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ᠃ ᠠᠯᠠᠷᠳ᠋ ᠍ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠨ ᠰᠧᠽᠢᠮᠢ ᠮᠧᠨᠧᠨ ᠠᠪ ᠦᠢᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠰ ᠵᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠢᠷᠢ ᠪᠢᠷᠢᠨᠧ ᠪᠢᠷ ᠲᠤᠤᠭᠠᠨᠳ ᠤᠺ ᠮᠠᠮᠢᠯᠧ ᠺ ᠤᠯᠤᠤᠭᠠ ᠲ ᠦᠡᠰᠢ᠃}} *'''[[Bahasa Komering|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai goh-goh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.''}} ==Liyak Munih== * [[Rumpun Bahasa Turkik]] * [[Rumpun Bahasa Kipchak]] * [[Bahasa Kazakh]] * [[Bahasa Karakalpak]] * [[Bahasa Tatar]] * [[Bahasa Bashkir]] ==Rujukan== {{Reflist}} [[Kaban:Basa]] rfxp7sijbt47wb31uccemox7mbsmet0 0 566 38173 35273 2026-06-20T22:12:00Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38173 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bahasa| | Golar = Bahasa Kyowa | Golar Asli = 協和語（きょうわご） | Golar Asli Transliterasi = Kyōwa-go | Gambar = [[Bondol:Manchukuo in Empire of Japan.svg|300px|thumb| {{Legend|#a02828| Wilayah sebar tutur Bahasa Kyowa (1932-1945)}}]] | Nagara = [[Bondol:Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg|25px|border]] [[Manchukuo]] (1932-1945) | Pok = [[Asia Darak]] | Jumlah Panutur = 0 | Sistim Panulisan = [[Alfabet Latin]]<br>[[Huruf Jopang]]<br>[[Tulisan China]] | Status = [[Berkas:Lang Status 01-EX.svg|200px]] | Etnis = Cina rik Jopang | Dialek = | Kaluwarga Bahasa = 1. [[Bahasa Pijin]]<br>2. Bahasa Kyowa | Bahasa say Tikahik = [[Bahasa Pijin Yokohama]] }} '''Basa Kyowa''' atawa '''Kyowa-go''' (協和語), '''Xieheyu''', '''Kōa-go''' (興亞語), '''Nichiman-go''' (日滿語) rik '''Daitōa-go''' (大東亞語), joda da salah osay basa say dituturko [[Jolma Cina]] rik [[Jolma Jopang]] di [[Manchukuo]] (1932-1945). Basa sija tikuruk dilom [[Bahasa Pijin]]. == Cuntuh Tulisan == *'''[[Tulisan China Tradisional]] rik [[Huruf Jopang]]''' <ruby lang="ja">{{Quote|儞好。請來了請來了。皆來ル宜シ。儞公的這個動畫看クスルノ事，快好アルヨ。謝々。儞的怎麼樣，異常沒有カ。儞的皆這個言葉知道アルカ。今天我的日滿語少々的話スノ進上アルヨ。這児日本軍ノ大人ト先生ノ一緒ニ話スノ混合言葉アルヨ。等一等、慢々的請座。少々的勉強スルノ人、快々的大々的話ス宜シネ。我的幫儞。勞駕シテ勉強スルナイヨ。苦力シナクモ大丈夫アルヨ。 <br> 「太々。今天甚麼甚麼有アルヨ。」「汝ラ此幾ラアルカ。很貴不要、敗ケル宜シネ。」 「高イ高イナイヨ。奥サン何處モ統々的一樣ヨ」「嘘云ヒナサイ」 「賎ナ賎ナ、這個東西賎ナ」「哎喲、買吧」 <br> 好嗎。儞的怎麼樣アルカ。哎呀、儞的都的不明白アルカ。没法子ナア。戦争完了シテ老頭児日本ニ開路開路的シテ、現在日滿語話スノ人アルナイヨ。日本ノ掌櫃モ撲滅希望シテ死了ナッタヨ。 <br> 脳天壊了ノ言葉ト考ヘルノ人、那個「不够本支那語」云フ人モアルヨ。映畫デ日本軍眞似シテ馬鹿ニシテ、「飯々進上、地酒進上、啤酒進上」皆云フアルヨ。映畫デ日本來了ノ兵隊サン、綺麗綺麗ノ姑娘ニモ、平氣的「死了死了、三鬢儞給」云フアルヨ。儞的這個干活計不行ヨ。日本鬼子性交性交シテ小孩多々的作ルアルヨ。辛苦的憂愁的アルネ。這個干活計不行ナ。哦、明白、明白ジヤ。対不起。我的日本人アルヨ。這児日本鬼子云フ不可アルネ。哈哈宜シ。貴方、私、朋友アル。請々來。我們的一緒ニ勉強スル宜シ。完了。再見。 }}</ruby> *'''[[Alfabet Latin]]''' {{Quote|Nīhāo. Chinrairā chinrairā. Mina kuru yoroshi. Nīkōdē chaga dōga kankan suru no koto kaihao aru yo. Shīe shīe. Nidē tsanmoyan? Ijō meiyū ka? Nidē mina chaga kotoba chido aru ka? Chinten odē nichimango shōshōde hanasu no shinjō aru yo. Choru nippongun no tayjin to shīsan no isshoni hanasu no kongō kotoba aru yo. Tōn itōn, manmande chinza. Shōshōde bengkio suru no hito kaykaydē dādādē hanasu yoroshi ne. Odē ban nī. Rōjā shite bengkio suru nay yo. Kūrī shinakumo dayjobu aru yo. <br> "Taytay chinchin shiyoma shiyoma yō aru yo." "Rīya chire ikura aruka. Henkui puyao, makeru yorosi ne." "Takay takay naiyo ossan rokomo tontondē īyan yo." "Usoīnasay." "Chien na chien na cheiga tonshi chien na." "Aiyo. Mayba." <br> Hāomā. Nidē zēyan aru ka. Aiyā nidē towdē pumimpay aru ka? Meifāzu nā. Sensō wanrā shite rōtōru rīben ni kayrō kayrode shite sensai nichimango hanasu no hito aru nay yo. Nippon no chankoy mo bokumetsu kibo shite sūra natta yo. <br> Nōtenfairā no kotoba to kangēru no hito nāko pokopen shinago yū hito mo aru yo. Ēgadē nippongun mane shite bakani shite "meshi meshi shinjo chanchū sinjo pichū shinjo" mina yū aru yo. Ēgadē rīben rairā no hētaisan kirē kirē no kūnyan ni mo hēkidē "sura sura sanpinnikē" yū aru yo. Nīde chaga kanhōji pushin yo. Rīben guizu saykō saykō shite shōhai tātāde tsukuru aru yo. Shinkūdē yūtsūdē aru ne. Chaga kanhōji pushin na. Ō, mimpay. Mimpai ja. Toybuchīa. Odē nipponjin aru yo. Choru rīben guizu yū peke aru ne. Hō hō yoro shi. Anata, watashi, hōyū aru. Chīnchinrai. Omendē isshoni bengkio suru yoroshi. Wanrā. Saichen. }} *'''[[Basa Kumoring|Horti (Kumoring)]]''' {{Quote|}} *'''[[Bahasa Indonesia|Horti (Indonesia)]]''' {{Quote| ''Halo semuanya. Selamat datang. Saya senang Anda menonton video ini. Terima kasih. Bagaimana kabar kalian semua? Semoga kalian semua baik-baik saja. Apakah Anda tahu bahasa ini? Hari ini, saya ingin berbicara sedikit tentang bahasa Kyowa di Manchukuo. Ini adalah bahasa pijin yang digunakan oleh tentara dan perwira Jepang pada saat itu. Tolong dengarkan sebentar. Silakan luangkan waktu Anda. Jika Anda belajar sedikit, Anda dapat dengan mudah berbicara bahasa ini. Dengan saran saya, Anda akan dapat mempelajarinya tanpa kesulitan apapun.'' <br> ''"Nyonya, apa yang Anda punya hari ini?" "Maaf, berapa biayanya? Mahal sekali. Saya tidak menginginkannya."'' ''"Tidak mahal, Nyonya. Harganya sama di mana-mana." "Kamu berbohong."'' ''"Murah, murah, barang ini murah" "Oh, silakan beli"'' <br> ''Bagaimana menurut Anda? Apakah kalian semua tidak mengerti sama sekali? Mau bagaimana lagi. Meskipun para prajurit tua kembali ke Jepang setelah perang, saat ini tidak ada penutur bahasa Kyowa. Bahkan para pemimpin di pihak Jepang ingin memberantasnya, dan bahasa tersebut menjadi bahasa mati.'' <br> ''Beberapa orang mengira itu adalah bahasa yang digunakan oleh orang bodoh dan menyebutnya sebagai "bahasa Cina omong kosong". Film-film Tiongkok sering kali mengolok-olok hal ini dengan kalimat seperti, "Beri aku makanan, beri aku minuman keras dan bir Tiongkok." Selain itu, dalam film-film anti-Jepang, tentara dari Jepang mungkin dengan santai mengatakan hal-hal seperti, "Aku akan membunuhmu, aku akan memukulmu tiga kali," bahkan kepada gadis-gadis cantik, tetapi mereka tidak boleh melakukan itu. Jepang menciptakan banyak anak yatim piatu yang tersisa di Manchukuo. Ini menyedihkan dan mereka seharusnya tidak melakukan hal seperti itu juga. Ups, maaf. Saya orang Jepang. Saya sendiri tidak seharusnya menggunakan istilah-istilah yang menghina. Baiklah, mari kita berdamai. Anda dan saya adalah teman. Jadi semuanya, mari kita jelajahi bahasa ini bersama-sama. Itu saja. Selamat tinggal.'' }} sr1j5ng1mrshnfvwygbl41oqiz9h6si 0 583 38160 33164 2026-06-20T20:03:47Z Àncilu 1583 [[Usus:LintErrors/misnested-tag]] 38160 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bahasa| | Golar = Lojban | Golar Asli = la .lojban | Golar Asli Transliterasi = - | Gambar = [[Bondol:Lojban logo.svg|250px]] | Nagara = - | Pok = - | Jumlah Panutur = 5 jiwa lobih | Sistim Panulisan = [[Alfabet Latin]] | Status = Lokok tipakai, sai diguwai bak Logical Language Group di tahun 1987 | Etnis = - | Dialek = | Kaluwarga Bahasa = 1. [[Bahasa Guwaian]]<br>2. [[Bahasa Lojban]] | Bahasa say Tikahik = }} '''Basa Lojban''' atawa {{Audio|jbo-lojban.ogg|'''la .lojban.'''}} joda da salah say [[basa guwayan]], say goh-goh rik [[basa Esperanto]], [[basa Klingon]], [[basa Na'vi]] rik lamon say barihna.<ref>[https://mw.lojban.org/papri/Learning/en ''Welcome!/en - La Lojban''] mw.lojban.org [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094921/https://mw.lojban.org/papri/Learning/en lokok aktif]</ref><ref>[http://schott.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/03/10/questions-answered-invented-languages/ ''Questions Answered: Invented Languages''] 10 Maret 2010, The New York Times Schott's Vocab blog [https://web.archive.org/web/20210427233648/https://schott.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/03/10/questions-answered-invented-languages/ lokok aktif]</ref> ==Cuntuh Tulisan== *'''[[Alfabet Latin|UDHR pasal 1]]''' {{Quote|''ro remna cu se jinzi co zifre je simdu'i be le ry. nilselsi'a .elei ry. selcru .i ry. se menli gi'e se sezmarde .i .ei jeseki'ubo ry. simyzu'e ta'i le tunba''}} *'''[[Basa Kumoring|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai goh-goh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.''}} *'''[[Alfabet Latin|Angin Liba rik Mataharani]]''' Dibah sa joda da cuntuh tulisan say bujudul '''''Angin Liba rik Mataharani'''''<ref>[https://mw.lojban.org/extensions/ilmentufa/o/index.html|'''The North Wind and the Sun' in Lojban''] mw.lojban.org [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304070413/https://mw.lojban.org/extensions/ilmentufa/o/index.html lokok aktif]</ref> {{Quote|'''''la berti brife jo'u la solri<br>''''' ''ni'o la berti brife jo'u la solri pu troci lo ka cuxna lo poi me vo'a vau traji be lo ka vlipa i ca'o bo lo pa litru noi dasni lo glare kosta cu klama'' ''.i le re mei pu simxu lo ka tugni fi lo nu lo traji be lo ka clira fa lo nu ce'u snada lo ka gasnu lo nu le litru co'u dasni le kosta cu traji lo ka vlipa'' ''.i ba bo la berti brife co'a traji cupra lo brife i ku'i lo nu by by zenba lo ka cupra lo xo kau brife cu rinka lo nu le litru zu'e ri zenba lo ka se tagji le kosta i ba bo la berti brife co'u troci i ba bo la solri co'a glare dirce i ba zi bo le litru co'u dasni le kosta'' ''.i se ki'u bo la berti brife cu bilga lo ka tugni fi lo nu la solri cu traji lo ka vlipa''}} ==Rujukan== {{Reflist}} [[Kaban:Basa guwayan]] [[Kaban:Basa]] fvzwbnj3ucbz22wd3k2tld99827sus2 0 596 38174 35245 2026-06-20T22:12:19Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38174 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bahasa| | Golar = Malta | Golar Asli = Malti | Golar Asli Transliterasi = - | Gambar = [[Bondol:Idioma maltés.PNG|200px]] | Nagara = [[Bondol:Flag of Malta.svg|25px|border]] [[Malta]] | Pok = [[Eropa]] | Jumlah Panutur = 570.000 jiwa | Sistim Panulisan = [[Alfabet Latin|Latin]] | Status = Lokok tipakai | Etnis = [[Jolma Malta]] | Dialek = | Kaluwarga Bahasa = 1. [[Rumpun Bahasa Afro-Asiatik|Afro-Asiatik]]<br>2. [[Rumpun Bahasa Semitik|Semitik]]<br>3. [[Bahasa Malta]] | Bahasa say Tikahik = [[Bahasa Arab|Arab]], [[Bahasa Ibrani|Ibrani]], [[Bahasa Suryani|Suryani]] }} '''Basa Malta''' joda da salah osay basa say dituturko [[Jolma Malta]] di nagara [[Malta]].<ref>[https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/So-who-are-the-real-Maltese-.535578 ''So who are the 'real' Maltese''] {{Quote|The kind of Arabic used in the Maltese language is most likely derived from the language spoken by those that repopulated the island from Sicily in the early second millennium; it is known as Siculo-Arab. The Maltese are mostly descendants of these people.}} (2014) Times of Malta [https://web.archive.org/web/20160312063245/http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20140914/local/So-who-are-the-real-Maltese-.535578 2016-03-12]</ref><ref>[https://legislation.mt/eli/const/eng/pdf ''Constitution of Malta''] Leġiżlazzjoni Malta</ref> ==Cuntuh Tulisan== *'''[[Rumpun Bahasa Semitik|Malta Semitik]]''' {{Quote|''L-Għaqda hija mibnija fuq is-siwi ta' għadir għall-ġieħ il-bniedem, ta' ħelsien, ta' għażil il-ġemgħa, ta' ndaqs bejn il-ġnus, tas-saltna tad-dritt u tal-għadir għall-ħaqq tal-bniedem, wkoll il-ħaqq ta' wħud li huma f'minoranzi. Dan is-siwi huwa mqassam bejn il-Pajjiżi Msieħba, f'nies li tħaddan il-kotrija, li ma tgħejjibx, li ddann, li tgħaqqad u li tiżen indaqs in-nisa u l-irġiel.''}} *'''[[Rumpun Bahasa Roman|Malta Roman]]''' {{Quote|''L-Unjoni hija bbażata fuq il-valuri tar-rispett għad-dinjità tal-bniedem, il-libertà, id-demokrazija, l-ugwaljanza, l-istat tad-dritt u r-rispett għad-drittijiet tal-bniedem, inklużi d-drittijiet ta' persuni li jagħmlu parti minn minoranzi. Dawn il-valuri huma komuni għall-Istati Membri f'soċjetà fejn jipprevalu l-pluraliżmu, in-non-diskriminazzjoni, it-tolleranza, il-ġustizzja, is-solidarjetà u l-ugwaljanza bejn in-nisa u l-irġiel.''}} *'''[[Basa Kumoring|Horti (Kumoring)]]''' {{Quote|''Parsatuan sa titogakko budasarko nilai-nilai panghormatan guk martabat manusia, kabebasan, demokrasi, kasataraan, supremasi hukum rik panghormatan guk hak asasi manusia, tikuruk da hak-hak jolma-jolma sai tikuruk dilom kalompok minoritas. Nilai-nilai hasa joda da hal sai umum bagi Nagara-nagara Anggota dilom masyarakat sai nganut pluralisme, non-diskriminasi, toleransi, kaadilan, solidaritas rik kasataraan antara bai rik bakas.''}} *'''[[Bahasa Inggris|Horti (Inggris)]]''' {{Quote|''The Union is founded on the values of respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for human rights, including the rights of persons belonging to minorities. These values are common to the Member States in a society in which pluralism, non-discrimination, tolerance, justice, solidarity and equality between women and men prevail.''}} *'''[[Bahasa Indonesia|Horti (Indonesia)]]''' {{Quote|''Persatuan ini didirikan berdasarkan nilai-nilai penghormatan terhadap martabat manusia, kebebasan, demokrasi, kesetaraan, supremasi hukum dan penghormatan terhadap hak asasi manusia, termasuk hak-hak orang-orang yang termasuk dalam kelompok minoritas. Nilai-nilai ini merupakan hal yang umum bagi Negara-negara Anggota dalam masyarakat yang menganut pluralisme, non-diskriminasi, toleransi, keadilan, solidaritas dan kesetaraan antara perempuan dan laki-laki.''}} ==Rujukan== {{Reflist}} rn2j8w9z4l8p0y27f3in0mod7rn0et8 0 607 38192 35856 2026-06-20T22:36:30Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38192 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bahasa| | Golar = Melayu | Golar Asli = بهاس ملايو | Golar Asli Transliterasi = Bahasa Melayu | Gambar = [[Bondol:Malay_language_Spoken_Area_Map_v1.png|500px|jmpl|Wilayah sebar tutur bahasa-bahasa sai tikuruk dilom rumpun Melayu]] | Nagara = [[Bondol:Flag of Malaysia.svg|25px|tepi]] [[Malaysia]] <br>[[Bondol:Flag of Brunei Darussalam.svg|25px|tepi]] [[Brunei Darussalam]] <br>[[Bondol:Flag of Singapore.svg|25px|tepi]] [[Singapura|Singapur]]<br>[[Bondol:Flag of Indonesia.svg|25px|tepi]] [[Indonesia]] <br>[[Bondol:Flag of Thailand.svg|25px|tepi]] [[Thailand]] <br>[[Bondol:Flag of Philippines.svg|25px|tepi]] [[Filipina]] <br>[[Bondol:Flag of Australia.svg|25px|tepi]] [[Australia]] <br>[[Bondol:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg|25px|tepi]] [[Sri Lanka]] <br>[[Bondol:Flag of South Africa.svg|25px|tepi]] [[Afrika Hulu]] <br>[[Bondol:Flag of East Timor.svg|25px|tepi]] [[Timor Leste]] rik nagara-nagara barih sai uwat panutur Bahasa Melayuna (Malayophone) | Pok = [[Asia]] | Jumlah Panutur = 200-290 juta jiwa (gabungan antara Bahasa Indonesia rik Bahasa Melayu) | Sistim Panulisan = [[Alfabet Latin|Latin]], [[Arab Melayu Jawi|Jawi]] | Status = Lokok tipakai | Etnis = [[Jolma Melayu]] | Dialek = | Kaluwarga Bahasa = 1. [[Rumpun Bahasa Austronesia|Austronesia]]<br>2. [[Rumpun Bahasa Melayu-Polinesia|Melayu-Polinesia]]<br>3. [[Bahasa Melayu]] | Bahasa say Tikahik = [[Bahasa Indonesia]] }} '''Basa Melayu''' joda da basa say dipakay [[Jolma Melayu]], basa sija dituturko di pira nagara cara [[Malaysia]], [[Indonesia]], [[Brunei Darussalam]], rik [[Singapura]].<ref>Dian Eka Chandra Wardhana (2021) [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609015822/https://ejournal.karinosseff.org/index.php/jswse/article/view/114 ''Indonesian as the Language of ASEAN During the New Life Behavior Change 2021''] Journal of Social Work and Science Education, volume 1, issue 3, halaman 266–280, doi 10.52690/jswse.v1i3.114</ref><ref>''10 million in Malaysia as either "Malay" or "[[Malaysia]]n"'',<!-- cf. "Bahasa/istilah Malaysia" versus "Bahasa/istilah Indonesia", see "Telus, konflik dan legap istilah MABBIM: satu kajian morfosemantik" (Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin & Junaini Kasdan, 2007) - the Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu website (https://prpm.dbp.gov.my/Cari1?keyword=contoh&d=103448 - 404 at times) by Msian Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka is another example in action--> 5 million in Indonesia as "Malay" plus 260 million as "[[Bahasa Indonesia|Indonesian]]", etc.</ref> == Cuntuh Tulisan == UDHR pasal 1; {{Quote|''Semua manusia dilahirkan bebas dan sama rata dari segi maruah dan hak-hak. Mereka mempunyai pemikiran dan perasaan hati dan hendaklah bertindak di antara satu sama lain dengan semangat persaudaraan.''}} * '''[[Bahasa Komering|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai goh-goh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.''}} == Pabandingan rik Bahasa Indonesia == {{Halaman Makkung Radu}} {| class="wikitable" ! [[Bahasa Indonesia|Latin (Indonesia)]] ! [[Alfabet Latin|Latin (Melayu)]] |- |{{Quote|''Semua orang dilahirkan merdeka dan mempunyai martabat dan hak-hak yang sama. Mereka dikaruniai akal dan hati nurani dan hendaknya bergaul satu sama lain dalam semangat persaudaraan.''}} || {{Quote|''Semua manusia dilahirkan bebas dan sama rata dari segi maruah dan hak-hak. Mereka mempunyai pemikiran dan perasaan hati dan hendaklah bertindak di antara satu sama lain dengan semangat persaudaraan.''}} |- ! [[Arab Melayu Jawi|Jawi (Indonesia)]] ! [[Arab Melayu Jawi|Jawi (Melayu)]] |- | <div dir=rtl>{{Quote|سموا اورڠ ديلاهركن مرديك دان ممڤوڽاي مارتبة دان حق-حق يڠ سام. مريك دي كرونياي اكل دان هاتي نوراني دان هندق ڽ برڬاول ساتو سام لاين دالم سماڠت ڤرساودارأن.}}</div> || </div><div dir=rtl>{{Quote|سموا مانوسيا ديلاهركن بيبس دان سام رات دري سڬي مرواه دان حق-حق. مريك ممڤوڽاي ڤميكيرن دان ڤراسان هاتي دان هندقله برتيندق دي انتارا ساتو سام لاين دڠن سماڠت ڤرساودارأن.}}</div> |- ! colspan=2 style="text-align: center"| [[Bahasa Komering|Horti (Komering)]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align: left"| {{Quote|''Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai goh-goh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.''}} |- ! colspan=2 style="text-align: center"| [[Bahasa Inggris|Horti (Inggris)]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align: left"| {{Quote|''Article 1—All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience. Therefore, they should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''}} |} == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} [[Kaban:Basa]] [[Kaban:Indonesia]] [[Kaban:Asiya]] nqcq0m0u0ypkf0vcxm09oekxa4d70x1 38222 38192 2026-06-21T08:28:33Z Àncilu 1583 [[Usus:LintErrors/stripped-tag]] 38222 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bahasa| | Golar = Melayu | Golar Asli = بهاس ملايو | Golar Asli Transliterasi = Bahasa Melayu | Gambar = [[Bondol:Malay_language_Spoken_Area_Map_v1.png|500px|jmpl|Wilayah sebar tutur bahasa-bahasa sai tikuruk dilom rumpun Melayu]] | Nagara = [[Bondol:Flag of Malaysia.svg|25px|tepi]] [[Malaysia]] <br>[[Bondol:Flag of Brunei Darussalam.svg|25px|tepi]] [[Brunei Darussalam]] <br>[[Bondol:Flag of Singapore.svg|25px|tepi]] [[Singapura|Singapur]]<br>[[Bondol:Flag of Indonesia.svg|25px|tepi]] [[Indonesia]] <br>[[Bondol:Flag of Thailand.svg|25px|tepi]] [[Thailand]] <br>[[Bondol:Flag of Philippines.svg|25px|tepi]] [[Filipina]] <br>[[Bondol:Flag of Australia.svg|25px|tepi]] [[Australia]] <br>[[Bondol:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg|25px|tepi]] [[Sri Lanka]] <br>[[Bondol:Flag of South Africa.svg|25px|tepi]] [[Afrika Hulu]] <br>[[Bondol:Flag of East Timor.svg|25px|tepi]] [[Timor Leste]] rik nagara-nagara barih sai uwat panutur Bahasa Melayuna (Malayophone) | Pok = [[Asia]] | Jumlah Panutur = 200-290 juta jiwa (gabungan antara Bahasa Indonesia rik Bahasa Melayu) | Sistim Panulisan = [[Alfabet Latin|Latin]], [[Arab Melayu Jawi|Jawi]] | Status = Lokok tipakai | Etnis = [[Jolma Melayu]] | Dialek = | Kaluwarga Bahasa = 1. [[Rumpun Bahasa Austronesia|Austronesia]]<br>2. [[Rumpun Bahasa Melayu-Polinesia|Melayu-Polinesia]]<br>3. [[Bahasa Melayu]] | Bahasa say Tikahik = [[Bahasa Indonesia]] }} '''Basa Melayu''' joda da basa say dipakay [[Jolma Melayu]], basa sija dituturko di pira nagara cara [[Malaysia]], [[Indonesia]], [[Brunei Darussalam]], rik [[Singapura]].<ref>Dian Eka Chandra Wardhana (2021) [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609015822/https://ejournal.karinosseff.org/index.php/jswse/article/view/114 ''Indonesian as the Language of ASEAN During the New Life Behavior Change 2021''] Journal of Social Work and Science Education, volume 1, issue 3, halaman 266–280, doi 10.52690/jswse.v1i3.114</ref><ref>''10 million in Malaysia as either "Malay" or "[[Malaysia]]n"'',<!-- cf. "Bahasa/istilah Malaysia" versus "Bahasa/istilah Indonesia", see "Telus, konflik dan legap istilah MABBIM: satu kajian morfosemantik" (Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin & Junaini Kasdan, 2007) - the Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu website (https://prpm.dbp.gov.my/Cari1?keyword=contoh&d=103448 - 404 at times) by Msian Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka is another example in action--> 5 million in Indonesia as "Malay" plus 260 million as "[[Bahasa Indonesia|Indonesian]]", etc.</ref> == Cuntuh Tulisan == UDHR pasal 1; {{Quote|''Semua manusia dilahirkan bebas dan sama rata dari segi maruah dan hak-hak. Mereka mempunyai pemikiran dan perasaan hati dan hendaklah bertindak di antara satu sama lain dengan semangat persaudaraan.''}} * '''[[Bahasa Komering|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai goh-goh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.''}} == Pabandingan rik Bahasa Indonesia == {{Halaman Makkung Radu}} {| class="wikitable" ! [[Bahasa Indonesia|Latin (Indonesia)]] ! [[Alfabet Latin|Latin (Melayu)]] |- |{{Quote|''Semua orang dilahirkan merdeka dan mempunyai martabat dan hak-hak yang sama. Mereka dikaruniai akal dan hati nurani dan hendaknya bergaul satu sama lain dalam semangat persaudaraan.''}} || {{Quote|''Semua manusia dilahirkan bebas dan sama rata dari segi maruah dan hak-hak. Mereka mempunyai pemikiran dan perasaan hati dan hendaklah bertindak di antara satu sama lain dengan semangat persaudaraan.''}} |- ! [[Arab Melayu Jawi|Jawi (Indonesia)]] ! [[Arab Melayu Jawi|Jawi (Melayu)]] |- | <div dir=rtl>{{Quote|سموا اورڠ ديلاهركن مرديك دان ممڤوڽاي مارتبة دان حق-حق يڠ سام. مريك دي كرونياي اكل دان هاتي نوراني دان هندق ڽ برڬاول ساتو سام لاين دالم سماڠت ڤرساودارأن.}}</div> || <div dir=rtl>{{Quote|سموا مانوسيا ديلاهركن بيبس دان سام رات دري سڬي مرواه دان حق-حق. مريك ممڤوڽاي ڤميكيرن دان ڤراسان هاتي دان هندقله برتيندق دي انتارا ساتو سام لاين دڠن سماڠت ڤرساودارأن.}}</div> |- ! colspan=2 style="text-align: center"| [[Bahasa Komering|Horti (Komering)]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align: left"| {{Quote|''Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai goh-goh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.''}} |- ! colspan=2 style="text-align: center"| [[Bahasa Inggris|Horti (Inggris)]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align: left"| {{Quote|''Article 1—All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience. Therefore, they should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''}} |} == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} [[Kaban:Basa]] [[Kaban:Indonesia]] [[Kaban:Asiya]] 8c72wvkzohtunanqjvulxjzod8tv9nb 0 649 38189 33172 2026-06-20T22:32:37Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38189 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Basa |image = farsi.svg |golar = Bahasa Parsiya |native name = فارسی<br>Fārsī |spoken by = [[Jolma Persia]] |jumlah panutur = 130 juta |regions = [[Iran]] |family 1 = [[Rumpun Bahasa Indo-Eropa|Indo-Eropa]] |family 2 = [[Rumpun Bahasa Indo-Iran|Indo-Iran]] |family 3 = [[Bahasa Persia]] |family 4 = |family 5 = |writing system = [[Abjad Arab-Persia]] |official = [[Bondol:Flag of Iran.svg|23px|border]] [[Iran]]<br>[[Bondol:Flag of Taliban.svg|23px|border]] [[Afghanistan]]<br>[[Bondol:Flag of Tajikistan.svg|23px|border]] [[Tajikistan]]<br>[[Bondol:Flag of Dagestan.svg|23px|border]] [[Dagestan]] |regulated = * Academy of Persian Language and Literature ([[Iran]]) * Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan ([[Afghanistan]]) * Rudaki Institute of Language and Literature ([[Tajikistan]]) |status basa = Lokok tipakay |ISO 639-1 = fa |ISO 639-2 = |ISO 639-3 = |map = }} '''Basa Parsi''' atawa '''basa Parsiya''' (Parsi: {{Audio|Farsi.ogg|'''فارسى'''}}, {{lang|fa|Fārsī}}) joda da Basa say dituturko di [[Iran]], [[Afghanistan]], rik [[Tajikistan]] say masing-masing na tibagi dilom tolu ragom baku: Parsi say sacara luas tipakay di [[Iran]], [[Basa Dari|Dari]] say dipakay di [[Afghanistan]], rik [[Basa Tajik|Tajik]] di [[Tajikistan]].<ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/pes ''Persian Iranian''] [https://web.archive.org/web/20220105062922/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/pes Ethnologue lokok aktif]</ref><ref name="ISO">[https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/fas ''639 Identifier Documentation: fas''] Sil.org [https://web.archive.org/web/20220216202338/https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/fas lokok aktif]</ref><ref>[https://en.parliran.ir/eng/en/Constitution ''The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran''] [https://web.archive.org/web/20161027004409/https://en.parliran.ir/eng/en/Constitution Islamic Parliament of Iran]</ref> Parsi Dari (resmi tikonal sabagay ''Dari'' samonjak tahun 1964),<ref name="Olesen">Asta Olesen ''Islam and Politics in Afghanistan'' volume 3, Psychology Press, (1995) hal 205 {{Quote|''There began a general promotion of the Pashto language at the expense of Farsi – previously dominant in the educational and administrative system (...) — and the term 'Dari' for the Afghan version of Farsi came into common use, being officially adopted in 1958.''}}</ref> rik [[Bahasa Tajik|Persia Tajik]] (resmi tikonal sabagay ''Tajik'' samenjak tahun 1999).<ref name=siddikzoda2002>Siddikzoda, S. "Tajik Language: Farsi or not Farsi?" in ''Media Insight Central Asia #27'', August 2002.</ref><ref name="Baker">Mona Baker [https://books.google.com/books?id=ewBfSBo8rRsC ''Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies''] (2001) Psychology Press, isbn 978-0-415-25517-2, hal 518. {{Quote|''All this affected translation activities in Persian, seriously undermining the international character of the language. The problem was compounded in modern times by several factors, among them the realignment of Central Asian Persian, renamed Tajiki by the Soviet Union, with Uzbek and Russian languages, as well as the emergence of a language reform movement in Iran which paid no attention to the consequences of its pronouncements and actions for the language as a whole.''}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20221002103438/https://books.google.com/books?id=ewBfSBo8rRsC lokok aktif]</ref> Basa hasa munih tipakay sacara basa indok dilom variasi [[Bahasa Tajik]] bak sajumlah balak panduduk [[Uzbekistan]],<ref>Richard Foltz ''The Tajiks of Uzbekistan'' Central Asian Survey, volume 15, isu 2, hal 213–216 (1996) doi 10.1080/02634939608400946</ref><ref>Lena Jonson (2006) ''Tajikistan in the new Central Asia'' hal 108</ref><ref>Karl Cordell [https://archive.org/details/ethnicitydemocra0000unse_y7f7 ''Ethnicity and Democratisation in the New Europe''] Routledge (1998) isbn 0415173124, hal 201 {{Quote|''Consequently the number of citizens who regard themselves as Tajiks is difficult to determine. Tajiks within and outside of the republic, Samarkand State University (SamGU) academics and international commentators suggest that there may be between six and seven million Tajiks in Uzbekistan, constituting 30 per cent of the republic's twenty-two million population, rather than the official figure of 4.7 per cent (Foltz 1996:213; Carlisle 1995:88).''}}</ref><ref name="windfuhr1987">Gernot Windfuhr [https://archive.org/details/worldsmajorlangu0000unse/page/523 ''The World's Major Languages''] Oxford University Press (1987) isbn 978-0-19-506511-4, Berard Comrie, Oxford [https://archive.org/details/worldsmajorlangu0000unse/page/523 523–546]</ref> ==Huruf== Basa Parsiya Iran rik [[Bahasa Dari|Persia Dari]] di [[Afghanistan]] makay [[Abjad Arab-Persia]], sodongko [[Bahasa Tajik]] titulis makay [[Alfabet Sirilik]]. Sabonorna makka sumang hamak rik [[Huruf Hijaiyah|Huruf Arab]] say biasona, bih ija nambahi pira ngabungkal huruf bugahan. {| class="wikitable sortable" |- style="text-align:center;" !rowspan="2"| # ! rowspan="2" | Golar<br/>Persia ! rowspan="2" | Golar<br/>(Transliterasi) !rowspan="2"| Transliterasi !rowspan="2"| [[Alfabet Fonetis Internasional|IPA]] !rowspan="2"| [[Unicode]] !colspan="4"| Bontuk kontekstual |- ! Uncuk ! Tongah ! Pangkal ! Posay |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="4" |0 | rowspan="4" | {{Lang|fa|همزه}} | rowspan="4" | {{Lang|fa|[[Hamza|hamze]]}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.persianacademy.ir/UserFiles/Image/Dastoor-e%20khat/d02.pdf |title=?? |publisher=Persianacademy.ir |access-date=2015-09-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924071650/http://www.persianacademy.ir/UserFiles/Image/Dastoor-e%20khat/d02.pdf |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | rowspan="4" |{{Lang|sem|ʾ}} | rowspan="4" |[[Glottal stop]] {{IPAblink|ʔ}} | [[ء|U+0621]] | – | – | – |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ء}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [[أ|U+0623]] | colspan="2" style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" |{{Lang|fa|ـأ}} | colspan="2" style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" |{{Lang|fa|أ}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [[ئ|U+0626]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـئ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـئـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ئـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ئ}} |- style="text-align:center;" | [[ؤ|U+0624]] | colspan="2" style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" |{{Lang|fa|ـؤ}} | colspan="2" style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" |{{Lang|fa|ؤ}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 1 | {{Lang|fa|الف}} |{{Lang|fa|ʾalef}} | {{Lang|sem|â}} | {{IPAblink|ɒ}} | [[ا|U+0627]] | colspan="2" style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" | {{Lang|fa|ـا}} | colspan="2" style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" |{{Lang|fa|ا}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 2 | {{Lang|fa|ب}} | {{Lang|fa|be}} | {{Lang|sem|b}} | {{IPAblink|b}} | [[ب|U+0628]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـب}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـبـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|بـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ب}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 3 | {{Lang|fa|پ}} | {{Lang|fa|pe}} | {{Lang|sem|p}} | {{IPAblink|p}} | [[پ|U+067E]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـپ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـپـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|پـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|پ}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 4 | {{Lang|fa|ت}} | {{Lang|fa|te}} | {{Lang|sem|t}} | {{IPAblink|t}} | [[ت|U+062A]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـت}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـتـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|تـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ت}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 5 | {{Lang|fa|ث}} | {{Lang|fa|s̱e}} | {{Lang|sem|s̱}} | {{IPAblink|s}} | [[ث|U+062B]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـث}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـثـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ثـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ث}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 6 | {{Lang|fa|جیم}} | {{Lang|fa|jim}} | {{Lang|sem|j}} | {{IPAblink|d͡ʒ}} | [[ج|U+062C]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـج}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـجـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|جـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ج}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 7 | {{Lang|fa|چ}} | {{Lang|fa|če}} | {{Lang|sem|č}} | {{IPAblink|t͡ʃ}} | [[چ|U+0686]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـچ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـچـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|چـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|چ}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 8 | {{Lang|fa|ح}} | {{Lang|fa|ḥe}}{{Lang|fa|ḥâ-ye ḥotti}}{{Lang|fa|ḥâ-ye jimi}} | {{Lang|sem|ḥ}} | {{IPAblink|h}} | [[ح|U+062D]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـح}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـحـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|حـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ح}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 9 | {{Lang|fa|خ}} | {{Lang|fa|xe}} | {{Lang|sem|x}} | {{IPAblink|x}} | [[خ|U+062E]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـخ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـخـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|خـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|خ}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 10 | {{Lang|fa|دال}} | {{Lang|fa|dâl}} | {{Lang|sem|d}} | {{IPAblink|d}} | [[د|U+062F]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" colspan=2|{{Lang|fa|ـد}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" colspan=2|{{Lang|fa|د}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 11 | {{Lang|fa|ذال}} | {{Lang|fa|ẕâl}} | {{Lang|sem|ẕ}} | {{IPAblink|z}} | [[ذ|U+0630]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" colspan=2|{{Lang|fa|ـذ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" colspan=2|{{Lang|fa|ذ}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 12 | {{Lang|fa|ر}} | {{Lang|fa|re}} | {{Lang|sem|r}} | {{IPAblink|r}} | [[ر|U+0631]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" colspan=2|{{Lang|fa|ـر}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" colspan=2|{{Lang|fa|ر}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 13 | {{Lang|fa|ز}} | {{Lang|fa|ze}} | {{Lang|sem|z}} | {{IPAblink|z}} | [[ز|U+0632]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" colspan=2|{{Lang|fa|ـز}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" colspan=2|{{Lang|fa|ز}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 14 | {{Lang|fa|ژ}} | {{Lang|fa|že}} | {{Lang|sem|ž}} | {{IPAblink|ʒ}} | [[ژ|U+0698]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" colspan=2|{{Lang|fa|ـژ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" colspan=2|{{Lang|fa|ژ}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 15 | {{Lang|fa|سین}} | {{Lang|fa|sin}} | {{Lang|sem|s}} | {{IPAblink|s}} | [[س|U+0633]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـس}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـسـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|سـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|س}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 16 | {{Lang|fa|شین}} | {{Lang|fa|šin}} | {{Lang|sem|š}} | {{IPAblink|ʃ}} | [[ش|U+0634]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـش}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـشـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|شـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ش}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 17 | {{Lang|fa|صاد}} | {{Lang|fa|ṣâd}} | {{Lang|sem|ṣ}} | {{IPAblink|s}} | [[ص|U+0635]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـص}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـصـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|صـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ص}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 18 | {{Lang|fa|ضاد}} | {{Lang|fa|zâd}} | {{Lang|sem|ż}} | {{IPAblink|z}} | [[ض|U+0636]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـض}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـضـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ضـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ض}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 19 | {{Lang|fa|طا}} | {{Lang|fa|tâ}} | {{Lang|sem|t}} | {{IPAblink|t}} | [[ط|U+0637]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـط}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـطـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|طـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ط}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 20 | {{Lang|fa|ظا}} | {{Lang|fa|ẓâ}} | {{Lang|sem|ẓ}} | {{IPAblink|z}} | [[ظ|U+0638]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـظ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـظـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ظـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ظ}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 21 | {{Lang|fa|عین}} | {{Lang|fa|ʿayn}} | {{Lang|sem|ʿ}} | {{IPAblink|ʔ}}, {{IPAblink|æ}}/{{IPAblink|a}} | [[ع|U+0639]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـع}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـعـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|عـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ع}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 22 | {{Lang|fa|غین}} | {{Lang|fa|ġayn}} | {{Lang|sem|ġ}} | {{IPAblink|ɢ}}, {{IPAblink|ɣ}} | [[غ|U+063A]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـغ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـغـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|غـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|غ}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 23 | {{Lang|fa|ف}} | {{Lang|fa|fe}} | {{Lang|sem|f}} | {{IPAblink|f}} | [[ف|U+0641]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـف}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـفـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|فـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ف}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 24 | {{Lang|fa|قاف}} | {{Lang|fa|qâf}} | {{Lang|sem|q}} | {{IPAblink|q}} | [[ق|U+0642]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـق}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـقـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|قـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ق}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 25 | {{Lang|fa|کاف}} | {{Lang|fa|kâf}} | {{Lang|sem|k}} | {{IPAblink|k}} | [[ک|U+06A9]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـک}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـکـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|کـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ک}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 26 | {{Lang|fa|گاف}} | {{Lang|fa|gâf}} | {{Lang|sem|g}} | {{IPAblink|ɡ}} | [[گ|U+06AF]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـگ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـگـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|گـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|گ}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 27 | {{Lang|fa|لام}} | {{Lang|fa|lâm}} | {{Lang|sem|l}} | {{IPAblink|l}} | [[ل|U+0644]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـل}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـلـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|لـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ل}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 28 | {{Lang|fa|میم}} | {{Lang|fa|mim}} | {{Lang|sem|m}} | {{IPAblink|m}} | [[م|U+0645]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـم}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـمـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|مـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|م}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 29 | {{Lang|fa|نون}} | {{Lang|fa|nun}} | {{Lang|sem|n}} | {{IPAblink|n}} | [[ن|U+0646]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـن}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـنـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|نـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ن}} |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="2" | 30 | rowspan="2" | {{Lang|fa|واو}} | {{Lang|pes|vâv}}([[Bahasa Parsiya|Farsi]]) | {{Lang|sem|v}}{{Lang|sem|ū}}{{Lang|sem|ow}}{{Lang|sem|o}} | {{IPAblink|uː}}<br>{{IPA|[{{IPAblink|ow}}]}}[{{IPAblink|v}}][{{IPAblink|o}}]<br>(bih di uncuk kata) | rowspan="2" | [[و|U+0648]] | colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" |{{Lang|fa|ـو}} | colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;" |{{Lang|fa|و}} |- style="text-align:center;" |{{Lang|prs|wâw}}([[Bahasa Dari|Dari]]) |{{Lang|sem|w}}{{Lang|sem|ū}}{{Lang|sem|aw}}{{Lang|sem|ō}} | {{IPAblink|uː}}<br>[{{IPAblink|w}}]{{IPA|[{{IPAblink|aw}}]}}[{{IPAblink|oː}}] |- style="text-align:center;" | 31 | {{Lang|fa|ه}} | {{Lang|fa|he}}{{Lang|fa|hā-ye havvaz}}{{Lang|fa|hā-ye do-češm}} | {{Lang|sem|h}} | {{IPAblink|h}}atawa {{IPAblink|e}}rik {{IPAblink|a}}(uncuk kata) | [[ه|U+0647]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـه}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـهـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|هـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ه}} |- style="text-align:center;" | 32 | {{Lang|fa|ی}} | {{Lang|fa|ye}} | {{Lang|sem|y}}{{Lang|sem|ī}}{{Lang|sem|á}}{{Lang|sem|ay}}{{Lang|sem|ē}} munih dilom [[Bahasa Dari|Dari]] | {{IPAblink|j}} {{IPAblink|i}} {{IPAblink|ɒː}} [{{IPAblink|aj}}] {{IPAblink|eː}} dilom [[Bahasa Dari|Dari]] | [[ی|U+06CC]] |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـی}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ـیـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|یـ}} |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;font-size:200%;"|{{Lang|fa|ی}} |} {| class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.6;text-align:center" ! Bunyi ! Posay ! Uncuk ! Tongah ! Pangkal ! Golar |- | style="font-size: 1.25em;" |{{IPAslink|β}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Lang|fa|ڤ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Lang|fa|ـڤ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Lang|fa|ـڤـ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Lang|fa|ڤـ}} | ''βe'' |} ==== Variasi ==== {| class="wikitable" |- style="text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;font-size:200%" | colspan="3" | {{Script/Arabic|[[ی]] [[ه]] [[و]] [[ن]] [[م]] [[ل]] [[گ]] [[ک]] [[ق]] [[ف]] [[غ]] [[ع]] [[ظ]] [[ط]] [[ض]] [[ص]] [[ش]] [[س]] [[ژ]] [[ز]] [[ر]] [[ذ]] [[د]] [[خ]] [[ح]] [[چ]] [[ج]] [[ث]] [[ت]] [[پ]] [[ب]] [[ا]] [[ء]]}} |- | rowspan="16" |[[Bondol:Farsi in 16 fonts 2020-03-22 213757.png|1024px|center]] | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#3f007f" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Noto Nastaliq Urdu |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#003399" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Scheherazade |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#00549a" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Lateef |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#007670" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Noto Naskh Arabic |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#00b050" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Markazi Text |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#49da00" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Noto Sans Arabic |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#ffc900" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Baloo Bhaijaan |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#ff9800" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | El Messiri SemiBold |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#ff3300" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Lemonada Medium |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#ff00aa" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Changa Medium |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#c900ff" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Mada |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#9933ff" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Noto Kufi Arabic |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#6600ff" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Reem Kufi |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#0000cc" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Lalezar |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#003399" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Jomhuria |- | style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;background-color:#002570" | • | style="font-size=80%;white-space:nowrap;" | Rakkas |- | colspan=3 | '''The alphabet in 16 fonts:''' Noto Nastaliq Urdu, Scheherazade, Lateef, Noto Naskh Arabic, Markazi Text, Noto Sans Arabic, Baloo Bhaijaan, El Messiri SemiBold, Lemonada Medium, Changa Medium, Mada, Noto Kufi Arabic, Reem Kufi, Lalezar, Jomhuria, and Rakkas. |- |} ==== Konstruksi huruf ==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- |- ! rowspan=5 colspan=1 | Bontuk {{Ref|illustrative_only|(i)}} ! colspan=3 | Posay | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ء]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ا]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ى]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ں]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ٮ]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ح]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[س]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ص]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ط]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ع]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ڡ]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ٯ]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ک]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ل]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[م]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[د]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ر]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[و]]}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|[[ه]]}} |- |- ! colspan=3 | Pangkal | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ء }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ا }} | colspan=3 style="white-space:nowrap;" style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ٮـ }} <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur| ٮـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur| ٮـ }} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| حـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| سـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| صـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| طـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| عـ }} | colspan=2 style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ڡـ }} <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur| ٯـ }} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| کـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| لـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| مـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| د }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ر }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| و }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| هـ }} |- ! colspan=3 | Tongah | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ء }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـا }} | colspan=3 style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـٮـ }} <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur| ـٮـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur| ـٮـ }} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـحـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـسـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـصـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـطـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـعـ }} | colspan=2 style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـڡـ }} <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur| ـٯـ }} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـکـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـلـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـمـ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـد }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـر }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـو }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـهـ }} |- ! colspan=3 | Uncuk | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ء }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـا }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـى }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـں }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـٮ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـح }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـس }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـص }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـط }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـع }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـڡ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـٯ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـک }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـل }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـم }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـد }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـر }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـو }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ـه }} |- |- ! colspan=1 rowspan=2 | [[i'jam]] {{Ref|illustrative_only|(i)}} <!-- ! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! ! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! --> |- |- style="font-size:80%" ! colspan=4 | [[Unicode]] | <!-- ء --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0621 0621 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0621 .] | <!-- ا --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0627 0627 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0627 .] | <!-- ى --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0649 0649 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0649 .] | <!-- ں --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06BA 06BA .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+06BA .] | <!-- ٮ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=066E 066E .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+066E .] | <!-- ح --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062D 062D .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+062D .] | <!-- س --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0633 0633 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0633 .] | <!-- ص --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0635 0635 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0635 .] | <!-- ط --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0637 0637 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0637 .] | <!-- ع --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0639 0639 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0639 .] | <!-- ڡ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06A1 06A1 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+06A1 .] | <!-- ٯ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=066F 066F .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+066F .] | <!-- ک --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06A9 066F .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+06A9 .] | <!-- ل --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0644 0644 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0644 .] | <!-- م --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0645 0645 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0645 .] | <!-- د --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062F 062F .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+062F .] | <!-- ر --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0631 0631 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0631 .] | <!-- و --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0648 0648. .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0648 .] | <!-- ههه -->[https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0647 0647 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0647 .]<!-- ARABIC LETTER HEH --> |- |- | colspan=3 style="white-space:nowrap;" | 1 titik di bah <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ﮳ }}}} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ﮳ }} | || || || | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ب }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ج }} | || || || || || || || || || || || || |- style="font-size:80%" ! colspan=1 | Unicode | colspan=3 | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=FBB3 FBB3][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+FBB3 .] | || || || | <!-- ب --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0628 0628 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0628 .] | <!-- ج --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062C 062C .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+062C .] <!-- jeem --> | || || || || || || || || || || || || |- |- | colspan=3 style="white-space:nowrap;" | 1 titik dinggak <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ﮲ }}}} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ﮲ }} | || || | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ن }} | | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| خ }} | | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ض }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ظ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| غ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ف }} | || || || | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ذ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ز }} | || |- style="font-size:80%" ! colspan=1 | Unicode | colspan=3 | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=FBB2 FBB2][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+FBB2 .] | || || | <!-- ن --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0646 0646 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0646 .] | | <!-- خ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062E 062E .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+062E .] | | <!-- ض --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0636 0636 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0636 .] | <!-- ظ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0638 0638 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0638 .] | <!-- غ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=063A 063A .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+063A .] | <!-- ف --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0641 0641 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0641 .] | || || || | <!-- ذ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0630 0630 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0630 .] | <!-- ز --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0632 0632 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0632 .] | || |- |- | colspan=3 style="white-space:nowrap;" | 2 titik di bah {{Ref|start_mid_only|(ii)}} <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ﮵ }}}} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ﮵ }} | || | style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|ی}} | || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || |- style="font-size:80%" ! colspan=1 | Unicode | colspan=3 | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=FBB5 FBB5][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+FBB5 .] | || | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06CC 06CC .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+06CC .] | || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || |- |- | colspan=3 style="white-space:nowrap;" | 2 titik dinggak <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ﮴ }}}} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ﮴ }} | || || || | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ت }} <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062A .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+062A .] --> | || || || || || | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ق }} <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0642 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0642 .] --> | || || || || || | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ة }} |- style="font-size:80%" ! colspan=1 | Unicode | colspan=3 | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=FBB4 FBB4][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+FBB4 .] | || || || | <!-- ت --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062A 062A .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+062A .] | || || || || || | <!-- ق --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0642 0642 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0642 .] | || || || || || | <!-- ـة --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0629 0629 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0629 .] <!-- ARABIC TEH MARBUTA --> |- |- | colspan=3 style="white-space:nowrap;" | 3 titik di bah <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ﮹ }}}} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ﮹ }} | || || || | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| پ }} <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=067E .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+067E .] --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| چ }} <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0686 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0686 .] --> | || || || || || || || || || || || || |- style="font-size:80%" ! colspan=1 | Unicode | colspan=3 | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=FBB9 FBB9][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+FBB9 .] <!-- three dots below -->[https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=FBB7 FBB7][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+FBB7 .] <!-- pointing down --> | || || || | <!-- پ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=067E 067E .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+067E .] | <!-- چ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0686 0686 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0686 .] | || || || || || || || || || || || || |- |- | colspan=3 style="white-space:nowrap;" | 3 titik dinggak <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ﮶ }}}} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ﮶ }} | || || || | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ث }} <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062B .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+062B .] --> | | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ش }} <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0634 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0634 .] --> | || || || || || || || || | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ژ }} <!-- [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0698 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0698 .] --> | || |- style="font-size:80%;" ! colspan=1 | Unicode | colspan=3 | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=FBB6 FBB6][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+FBB6 .] <!-- three dots above --> | || || || | <!-- ث --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062B 062B .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+062B .] | | <!-- ش --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0634 0634 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0634 .] | || || || || || || || || | <!-- ژ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0698 0698 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0698 .] | || |- |- | colspan=3 style="white-space:nowrap;" | Garis dinggak <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ‾ }}}} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ar| ‾ }} | || || || || || || || || || || || | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| گ }} | || || || || || |- style="font-size:80%" ! colspan=1 | Unicode | colspan=3 | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=203E 203E][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+203E .] <!-- Overline --> | || || || || || || || || || || || | <!-- گ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06AF 06AF .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+06AF .] | || || || || || |- |- | colspan=4 | Makka | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ء }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ا }} | style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur|ی}} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ں }} | | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ح }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| س }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ص }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ط }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ع }} | | | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ک }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ل }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| م }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| د }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ر }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| و }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ه }} |- style="font-size:80%" ! colspan=4 | Unicode <!-- | colspan=1 | none --> | <!-- ء --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0621 0621 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0621 .] | <!-- ا --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0627 0627 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0627 .] | <!-- ى --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0649 0649 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0649 .] | <!-- ں --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06BA 06BA .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+06BA .] | <!-- ٮ --> | <!-- ح --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062D 062D .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+062D .] | <!-- س --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0633 0633 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0633 .] | <!-- ص --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0635 0635 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0635 .] | <!-- ط --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0637 0637 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0637 .] | <!-- ع --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0639 0639 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0639 .] | | | <!-- ک --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06A9 066F .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+06A9 .] | <!-- ل --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0644 0644 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0644 .] | <!-- م --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0645 0645 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0645 .] | <!-- د --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=062F 062F .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+062F .] | <!-- ر --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0631 0631 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0631 .] | <!-- و --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0648 0648. .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0648 .] | <!-- ههه -->[https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0647 0647 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0647 .]<!-- ARABIC LETTER HEH --> |- |- | colspan=3 style="white-space:nowrap;" | Madda dinggak <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ۤ }}}} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ۤ }} | | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| آ }} | || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || |- style="font-size:80%" ! colspan=1 | Unicode | colspan=3 | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06E4 06E4][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+06E4 .] <!-- small high --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0653 0653][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0653 .] <!-- non spacing --> | | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0622 0622 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0622 .] | || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || |- |- | colspan=3 style="white-space:nowrap;" | Hamzah di bah <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ٕ }}}} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ــٕـ }} | | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| إ }} | || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || |- style="font-size:80%" ! colspan=1 | Unicode | colspan=3 | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0655 0655][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0655 .] | | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0625 0625 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0625 .] | || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || |- |- | colspan=3 style="white-space:nowrap;" | Hamza dinggak <!-- | style="font-size:150%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ٴ }}}} --> | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ــٔـ }} | | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| أ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ئ }} | || || || || || || || || || || || || || | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ؤ }} | style="font-size:150%;" | {{Lang|ur| ۀ }} |- style="font-size:80%;" ! colspan=1 | Unicode | colspan=3 | [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0674 0674][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0674 .] <!-- High Hamza --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0654 0654][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0654 .] <!-- Hamza above --> | | <!-- أ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0623 0623 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0623 .] | <!-- ئ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0626 0626 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0626 .] | || || || || || || || || || || || || || | <!-- ؤ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=0624 0624 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+0624 .] | <!-- ۂ --> [https://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=06C0 06C0 .][https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+06C0 .] |- |} {| class="wikitable" |- !Vokal Buntak<br />(tulisan vokal ponuh) !Golar<br/>Persia !Golar<br/>(Transliterasi) !Trans.{{Ref|transliteration|(a)}} ! colspan="2" |Nilay {{Ref|vowels|(b)}} (Farsi/Dari) |- style="text-align:center;" | style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;" |<small>064E</small><br /><span style="font-size:190%;">{{Script/Arabic|◌َ}}</span> |{{Lang|fa|زبر<br />(فتحه)}} |{{Lang|fa|zebar}}{{Lang|fa|zibar}} |{{Lang|fa|a}} |{{IPAslink|æ}} |{{IPAslink|a}} |- style="text-align:center;" | style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;" |<small>0650</small><br /><span style="font-size:190%;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ِ}}</span> |{{Lang|fa|زیر<br /> (کسره)}} |{{Lang|fa|zer}}{{Lang|fa|zir}} |{{Lang|fa|e}}; {{Lang|fa|i}} |{{IPAslink|e}} |{{IPAslink|ɪ}}; {{IPAslink|ɛ}} |- style="text-align:center;" | style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;" |<small>064F</small><br /><span style="font-size:190%;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ُ}}</span> |{{Lang|fa|پیش<br />(ضمّه)}} |{{Lang|fa|peš}}{{Lang|fa|piš}} |{{Lang|fa|o}}; {{Lang|fa|u}} |{{IPAslink|o}} |{{IPAslink|ʊ}} |} ====Tanwin==== {|class="wikitable" |- !Nunasi<br />(tulisan vokal ponuh) !Golar<br/>(Persia) !Golar<br/>(Transliterasi) !Catatan |- style="text-align:center;" |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<small>064B</small><br /><span style="font-size:190%;">{{Script/Arabic| َاً، ـاً، ءً }}</span> |{{Lang|fa|تنوین نَصْبْ}} |{{Lang|fa|Tanvine nasb}} | |- style="text-align:center;" |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<small>064D</small><br /><span style="font-size:190%;">{{Script/Arabic| ٍِ }}</span> |{{Lang|fa|تنوین جَرّ}} |{{Lang|fa|Tanvine jarr}} | rowspan="2" |Mak kala tipakay dilom [[Bahasa Parsiya]]. Tiajarko khusus dilom agama [[Islam]] untuk ngalongkapi ngajar, maca, rik nulis [[Al-Qur'an]] education. |- style="text-align:center;" |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<small>064C</small><br /><span style="font-size:190%;">{{Script/Arabic| ٌ }}</span> |{{Lang|fa|تنوین رَفْعْ}} |{{Lang|fa|Tanvine rafʿ}} |} ====Tasydid===== {|class="wikitable" |- !Simbul ! Golar<br/>(Persia) !Golar<br/>(Transliterasi) |- style="text-align:center;" |style="line-height:180%;padding:10px;"|<small>0651</small><br /><span style="font-size:190%;">{{Script/Arabic| ّ }}</span> |تشدید |{{Lang|fa|tašdid}} |} ====Huruf Tambahan==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- ! Bunyi ! Pocak ! Golar ! Kode Poin Unicode |- | {{IPAslink|p}} |style="font-size: larger"| {{Lang|fa|[[پ]]}} | {{Lang|fa|pe}} | U+067E |- | {{IPAslink|t͡ʃ}}(ch) |style="font-size: larger"| {{Lang|fa|[[چ]]}} | {{Lang|fa|če}} | U+0686 |- | {{IPAslink|ʒ}}(zh) |style="font-size: larger"| {{Lang|fa|[[ژ]]}} | {{Lang|fa|že}} | U+0698 |- | {{IPAslink|ɡ}} |style="font-size: larger"| {{Lang|fa|[[گ]]}} | {{Lang|fa|gâf}} | U+06AF |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- ! Golar ! Pangucapan ! [[Alfabet Fonetis Internasional|IPA]] ! Unicode ! Uncuk ! Tongah ! Pangkal ! Posay ! Catatan |- | {{Lang|sem|alef madde}} | {{Lang|sem|â}} | {{IPAblink|ɒ}} | U+0622 |style="font-size: larger" | {{Lang|fa|ـآ}} | — |style="font-size: larger" | {{Lang|fa|آ}} |style="font-size: larger" | {{Lang|fa|[[آ]]}} |The final form is very rare and is freely replaced with ordinary ''alef''. |- | {{Lang|sem|he ye}} | {{Lang|sem|-eye}}atawa {{Lang|sem|-eyeh}} | {{IPA|[eje]}} | U+06C0 |style="font-size: larger" | {{Lang|fa|ـۀ}} | — | — |style="font-size: larger" | {{Lang|fa|[[ۀ]]}} |Validity of this form depends on region and dialect. Some may use the two-letter {{Lang|fa|ـه‌ی}} or {{Lang|fa|ه‌ی}} combinations instead. |- | {{Lang|sem|[[lām alef]]}} | {{Lang|sem|lā}} | {{IPA|[lɒ]}} | U+0644 (lām) and U+0627 (alef) |style="font-size: larger" | {{Lang|fa|ـلا}} | — | — |style="font-size: larger" | {{Lang|fa|[[لا]]}} | |- | {{Lang|sem|[[Kashida|kašida]]}} | | | U+0640 | — |style="font-size: larger" | {{Lang|fa|[[ـ]]}} | — | — | This is the medial character which connects other characters |} ====Angka==== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- ! Golar !! Persia !! Unicode !! Arab !! Unicode |- | 0 || <big>۰</big> || U+06F0 || <big>٠</big> || U+0660 |- | 1 || <big>۱</big> || U+06F1 || <big>١</big> || U+0661 |- | 2 || <big>۲</big> || U+06F2 || <big>٢</big> || U+0662 |- | 3 || <big>۳</big> || U+06F3 || <big>٣</big> || U+0663 |- | 4 || <big>۴</big> || U+06F4 || <big>٤</big> || U+0664 |- | 5 || <big>۵</big> || U+06F5 || <big>٥</big> || U+0665 |- | 6 || <big>۶</big> || U+06F6 || <big>٦</big> || U+0666 |- | 7 || <big>۷</big> || U+06F7 || <big>٧</big> || U+0667 |- | 8 || <big>۸</big> || U+06F8 || <big>٨</big> || U+0668 |- | 9 || <big>۹</big> || U+06F9 || <big>٩</big> || U+0669 |- | ye || <big>ی</big> || U+06CC | <big>ي</big> {{Efn|However, the Arabic variant continues to be used in its traditional style in the [[Nile Valley]], similarly as it is used in Persian and Ottoman Turkish.}} || U+064A |- | kāf || <big>ک</big> || U+06A9 || <big>ك</big> || U+0643 |} {|class="wikitable nounderlines" style="text-align:center;line-height:normal" |- style="font-size:120%" | style="font-size:85%"|Angka Arab Lawok |[[0]] || [[1]] || [[2]] || [[3]] || [[4]] |[[5]] || [[6]] || [[7]] || [[8]] || [[9]] | [[10]] |- style="font-size:160%" | style="font-size:63%"|Angka Arab Darak |{{Lang|ar|٠}} ||{{Lang|ar|١}} || {{Lang|ar|٢}} || {{Lang|ar|٣}} ||{{Lang|ar|٤}} | {{Lang|ar|٥}} || {{Lang|ar|٦}} || {{Lang|ar|٧}} || {{Lang|ar|٨}} ||{{Lang|ar|٩}} | {{Lang|ar|١٠}} |- style="font-size:160%" | style="font-size:63%"| Persia{{Efn|[[Arabic (Unicode block)|U+06F0 through U+06F9]]. The numbers 4, 5, and 6 are different from Eastern Arabic.}} | {{Lang|fa|۰}} || {{Lang|fa|۱}} || {{Lang|fa|۲}} || {{Lang|fa|۳}} || {{Lang|fa|۴}} | {{Lang|fa|۵}} || {{Lang|fa|۶}} || {{Lang|fa|۷}} || {{Lang|fa|۸}} || {{Lang|fa|۹}} | {{Lang|fa|۱۰}} |- style="font-size:160%" | style="font-size:63%"| Urdu{{Efn|Same Unicode characters as the Persian, but language is set to Urdu. The numerals 4, 6 and 7 are different from Persian. On some devices, this row may appear identical to Persian.}} | {{Lang|ur|۰}} || {{Lang|ur|۱}} || {{Lang|ur|۲}} || {{Lang|ur|۳}} || {{Lang|ur|۴}} | {{Lang|ur|۵}} || {{Lang|ur|۶}} || {{Lang|ur|۷}} || {{Lang|ur|۸}} || {{Lang|ur|۹}} | {{Lang|ur|۱۰}} |- style="font-size:160%" | style="font-size:63%"| Angka Abjad | – || {{Lang|ar|ا}} || {{Lang|ar|ب}} || {{Lang|ar|ج}} || {{Lang|ar|د}} || {{Lang|ar|ه}} | {{Lang|ar|و}} || {{Lang|ar|ز}} || {{Lang|ar|ح}} || {{Lang|ar|ط}} || {{Lang|ar|ي}} |} ===Huruf Tambahan=== {| class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.6;text-align:center" ! Bunyi ! Posay ! Uncuk ! Tongah-tongah ! Pangkal ! Golar |- | style="font-size: 1.25em;" | {{IPA|/p/}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|پ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|ـپ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|ـپـ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|پـ}} | ''pe'' |- | style="font-size: 1.25em;" | {{IPA|/tʃ/}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|چ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|ـچ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|ـچـ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|چـ}} | ''če (che)'' |- | style="font-size: 1.25em;" | {{IPA|/ʒ/}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|ژ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|ـژ}} | style="font-size: 2em; color: #aaa;" | {{Script/Arabic|ـژ}} | style="font-size: 2em; color: #aaa;" | {{Script/Arabic|ژ}} | ''že (zhe atawa jhe)'' |- | style="font-size: 1.25em;" | {{IPA|/ɡ/}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|گ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|ـگ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|ـگـ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|گـ}} | ''ge (gāf)'' |} <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/persian-language-1-early-new-persian |title=PERSIAN LANGUAGE i. Early New Persian |work=Iranica Online |access-date=18 March 2019 |archive-date=17 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317184538/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/persian-language-1-early-new-persian |url-status=live}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.6;text-align:center" ! Bunyi ! Posay ! Uncuk ! Tongah-tongah ! Pangkal ! Golar |- | style="font-size: 1.25em;" | {{IPA|/β/}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|ڤ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|ـڤ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|ـڤـ}} | style="font-size: 2em;" | {{Script/Arabic|ڤـ}} | ''βe'' |} ===Gaya Arab rik Gaya Persia=== {| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; text-align:center;" ! Huruf Gaya Arab ! Huruf Gaya Parsiya ! Golar |- |style="font-size: 160%"| {{Script/Arabic|ك}} |style="font-size: 160%"| {{Script/Arabic|ک}} | ''ke'' (kāf) |- |style="font-size: 160%"| {{Script/Arabic|ي}} |style="font-size: 160%"| {{Script/Arabic|ی}} | ''ye'' |} ==Cuntuh Tulisan== ===UDHR pasal 1;=== *'''[[Abjad Arab-Persia|Arab Persia]]''' <div lang="kge" dir=rtl> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|همه‌ی افراد بشر آزاد به دنیا می‌آیند و حیثیت و حقوق‌شان با هم برابر است، همه اندیشه و وجدان دارند و باید در برابر یکدیگر با روح برادری رفتار کنند.}}}} </div> *'''[[Alfabet Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Hame-ye afrād-e bashar āzād be donyā mi āyand o heysiyat o hoquq-e shān bā ham barābar ast, hame andishe o vejdān dārand o bāyad dar barābare yekdigar bā ruh-e barādari raftār konand.''}} *'''[[Bahasa Komering|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''Kaunyin jolma tilahir ko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai gohgoh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barih na dilom semangat bukolpah.''}} ==Liyak Munih== *[[Bahasa Tajik]] *[[Bahasa Dari]] ==Rujukan== {{Reflist}} [[Kaban:Basa]] 05y2s4qtbdrmmrdng4fg5t73i98pkux 0 659 38194 35316 2026-06-20T22:37:32Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38194 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Basa |image = Rrmea.svg |golar = Bahasa Qiang |native name = Rrmearr |spoken by = [[Jolma Qiang]] |jumlah panutur = 140.000 jiwa |regions = [[Bondol:Flag of China.svg|25px|border]] [[Cina]]<br>-[[Bondol:Flag of the Basuria independence movement.svg|25px|border]] [[Sichuan]]<br>-[[Bondol:Flag of Tibet.svg|25px|border]] [[Tibet]] |family 1 = [[Rumpun Bahasa Sino-Tibet| Sino-Tibet]] |family 2 = [[Rumpun Bahasa Tibeto-Burma|Tibeto-Burma]] |family 3 = [[Rumpun Bahasa Qiangik|Qiangik]] |family 4 = [[Bahasa Qiang]] |family 5 = |family 6 = |writing system = [[Alfabet Latin]] (ganta)<br>[[Huruf Rma]] (ganta) |official = - |regulated = - |status basa = [[Bondol:Lang Status 40-SE.svg|200px|]]Tiancam punah, lah sabagian balak panutur aslina kok ngalih makai basa barih |ISO 639-1 = |ISO 639-2 = |ISO 639-3 = cng - Liba <br> qxs - Hulu |map = }} '''Bahasa Qiang''' atawa '''Rma''' rik '''Rmearr''' ([[Bondol:Rrmea.svg|25px]]) joda da salah osay basa say digunako [[Jolma Qiang]] di [[Sichuan]], [[Cina]]. Basa sija tikuruk dilom [[Rumpun Bahasa Sino-Tibet]]. ==Huruf== [[Bondol:Qiang Rma.png|thumb|Huruf Rma]] ; Konsonan {|class=wikitable |- align=center |[[Bondol:Rma - b.svg|50px]]<br>b<br />/{{IPA|p}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - p.svg|50px]]<br>p<br />/{{IPA|pʰ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - bb.svg|50px]]<br>bb<br />/{{IPA|b}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - m.svg|50px]]<br>m<br />/{{IPA|m}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - f.svg|50px]]<br>f<br />/{{IPA|f}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - w.svg|50px]]<br>w<br />/{{IPA|w}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - wf.svg|50px]]<br>wf<br />/{{IPA|v}}/ |- align=center |[[Bondol:Rma - d.svg|50px]]<br>d<br />/{{IPA|t}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - t.svg|50px]]<br>t<br />/{{IPA|tʰ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - dd.svg|50px]]<br>dd<br />/{{IPA|d}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - n.svg|50px]]<br>n<br />/{{IPA|n}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - lh.svg|50px]]<br>lh<br />/{{IPA|ɬ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - l.svg|50px]]<br>l<br />/{{IPA|l}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - lr.svg|50px]]<br>lr<br />/{{IPA|lʴ}}/ |- align=center |[[Bondol:Rma - g.svg|50px]]<br>g<br />/{{IPA|k}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - k.svg|50px]]<br>k<br />/{{IPA|kʰ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - gg.svg|50px]]<br>gg<br />/{{IPA|ɡ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - ng.svg|50px]]<br>ng<br />/{{IPA|ŋ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - h.svg|50px]]<br>h<br />/{{IPA|h}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - hh.svg|50px]]<br>hh<br />/{{IPA|ɣ}}/ |{{N/a}} |- align=center |[[Bondol:Rma - j.svg|50px]]<br>j<br />/{{IPA|tɕ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - q.svg|50px]]<br>q<br />/{{IPA|tɕʰ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - jj.svg|50px]]<br>jj<br />/{{IPA|dʑ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - x.svg|50px]]<br>x<br />/{{IPA|ɕ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - xx.svg|50px]]<br>xx<br />/{{IPA|ʑ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - y.svg|50px]]<br>y<br />/{{IPA|j}}/ |{{N/a}} |- align=center |[[Bondol:Rma - gv.svg|50px]]<br>gv<br />/{{IPA|q}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - kv.svg|50px]]<br>kv<br />/{{IPA|qʰ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - v.svg|50px]]<br>v<br />/{{IPA|χ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - vh.svg|50px]]<br>vh<br />/{{IPA|ɦ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - vv.svg|50px]]<br>vv<br />/{{IPA|ʁ}}/ |{{N/a}} |{{N/a}} |- align=center |[[Bondol:Rma - z.svg|50px]]<br>z<br />/{{IPA|ts}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - c.svg|50px]]<br>c<br />/{{IPA|tsʰ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - zz.svg|50px]]<br>zz<br />/{{IPA|dz}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - s.svg|50px]]<br>s<br />/{{IPA|s}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - ss.svg|50px]]<br>ss<br />/{{IPA|z}}/ |{{N/a}} |{{N/a}} |- align=center |[[Bondol:Rma - zh.svg|50px]]<br>zh<br />/{{IPA|tʂ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - ch.svg|50px]]<br>ch<br />/{{IPA|tʂʰ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - dh.svg|50px]]<br>dh<br />/{{IPA|dʐ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - sh.svg|50px]]<br>sh<br />/{{IPA|ʂ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - rr.svg|50px]]<br>rr<br />/{{IPA|ʐ}}/ |{{N/a}} |{{N/a}} |} ; Vokal {|class=wikitable |- align=center |[[Bondol:Rma - a2.svg|50px]]<br>a<br />/{{IPA|a}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - ae.svg|50px]]<br>ae<br />/{{IPA|æ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - ea.svg|50px]]<br>ea<br />/{{IPA|e}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - u.svg|50px]]<br>u<br />/{{IPA|u}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - e.svg|50px]]<br>e<br />/{{IPA|ə}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - nn.svg|50px]]<br>nn<br />/{{IPA|◌̃}}/ |- align=center |[[Bondol:Rma - i.svg|50px]]<br>i<br />/{{IPA|i}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - yu.svg|50px]]<br>ü<br />/{{IPA|y}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - o.svg|50px]]<br>o<br />/{{IPA|o}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - !.svg|50px]]<br><br />/{{IPA|ʔ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - r2.svg|50px]]<br>r<br />/{{IPA|ʴ}}/ |{{N/a}} |} == Cuntuh Tulisan == *'''[[Alfabet Latin]]''' {{Quote|Gver gverde ddubggrem gvuddu leage jumi legvei devgvuavu. Jumi degvei Vvapenzi rme. Bbobbo lea ddeabi de mimang shgvu legvei ddeabi le. Ddubggrem gvuddu deage mige Vvapenzi devgvuajia gvu she. Vvapenzi vvlo ravuerda guqu nyi rirgu. As magva ddubggrem gvuddu dea Vvapenzi zem gevve zebe. Kwi deage "Vvapenzi! Vvapenzi! ge guevdea vheaxe wi ssebegwi!" Vvapenzi geme nyade de gendauginyi guev dhoshum dalar ddeaxi zebe. Gvuddu dea ngenyi de Vvapenzix, guev tea deage hveaggeanyi ta ravuerda gevve zebe. Aesada vvnyirgge lalarge ddubggrem gvuddu dea Vvapenzi ggrum gegvevi gujug. Ddubggrem guddu dea hvagve nyiade nyu le tessi vsex. "Vvapenzi! Vvapenzi! Ge guev dalar ddeaxi!" Vhadei nyiade nyu le vvlo deada gevveg, Vunyirggejiav gegve de Vvapenzi ddogvu geyig. Ai ddeabinyi naqi ash gelhe de vvnyirgge dalar mi gen na lalar gves weag. Twige de Vvapenzi nyia vnyirgge dalar ggul ddebigji.}} *'''[[Basa Kumoring|Horti (Kumoring)]]''' {{Quote|''Payja ho, uwat dukun say ngakuk sanak.'' ''Sanak sina golarna Rapunzel. Oya balak jadi morli say lagak.'' ''Dukun sina galang hati marik uwat jolma barih say haga ngakuk Rapunzel. Oya ngunci Rapunzel di manara.'' ''Tiyap harani, dukun sina nganjawi Rapunzel. Jak luwah, oya bakal nudu, Rapunzel! Rapunzel! Rogohko buwokmu!?'' ''Rapunzel ngilingko buwok tijangna tijibar saradu oya andongihna.'' ''Makay buwok Rapunzel, dukun sina bakal nakat manara.'' ''Say harani, pangiran ngaliyak dukun sina nganjawi Rapunzel.'' ''Salopas dukun sina lijung, oya nudu juk dukun sina gawiko munih.'' ''"Rapunzel! Rapunzel! Rogohko buwokmu!" Juk sina, sang pangiran cakak guk manara munih. Murat-murat, Rapunzel rabay.'' ''Kidang, saradu pira waktu, sang pangiran pocak jadi jolma say holaw. Jak sina, Rapunzel rik pangiran jadi orik'an.''}} *'''[[Bahasa Inggris|Horti (Inggris)]]''' {{Quote|''Long long ago, there was a witch who stole a child.'' ''The child's name was Rapunzel.'' She grew into a beautiful woman.'' ''The witch was afraid someone would take Rapunzel. She locked Rapunzel in a tower.'' ''Every day, the witch went to visit Rapunzel. From outside, she would call, "Rapunzel! Rapunzel! Let down your hair!?'' ''Rapunzel would let her long hair fall down right after she heard it.'' ''Using Rapunzel's hair, the witch would climb up the tower.'' ''One day, a prince saw the witch visit Rapunzel.'' ''After the witch left, he also called like the witch.'' ''"Rapunzel! Rapunzel! Let down your hair!" Just like that, the prince also went up the tower. At first, Rapunzel was afraid.'' ''But after some time, the prince seemed to be a good person. From then on, Rapunzel and the prince became friends.'' }} h9w9y1ofc2lumzh0r3qvh2zuwt93xcm 38195 38194 2026-06-20T22:38:19Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38195 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Basa |image = Rrmea.svg |golar = Bahasa Qiang |native name = Rrmearr |spoken by = [[Jolma Qiang]] |jumlah panutur = 140.000 jiwa |regions = [[Bondol:Flag of China.svg|25px|border]] [[Cina]]<br>-[[Bondol:Flag of the Basuria independence movement.svg|25px|border]] [[Sichuan]]<br>-[[Bondol:Flag of Tibet.svg|25px|border]] [[Tibet]] |family 1 = [[Rumpun Bahasa Sino-Tibet| Sino-Tibet]] |family 2 = [[Rumpun Bahasa Tibeto-Burma|Tibeto-Burma]] |family 3 = [[Rumpun Bahasa Qiangik|Qiangik]] |family 4 = [[Bahasa Qiang]] |family 5 = |family 6 = |writing system = [[Alfabet Latin]] (ganta)<br>[[Huruf Rma]] (ganta) |official = - |regulated = - |status basa = [[Bondol:Lang Status 40-SE.svg|200px|]]Tiancam punah, lah sabagian balak panutur aslina kok ngalih makai basa barih |ISO 639-1 = |ISO 639-2 = |ISO 639-3 = cng - Liba <br> qxs - Hulu |map = }} '''Bahasa Qiang''' atawa '''Rma''' rik '''Rmearr''' ([[Bondol:Rrmea.svg|25px]]) joda da salah osay basa say digunako [[Jolma Qiang]] di [[Sichuan]], [[Cina]]. Basa sija tikuruk dilom [[Rumpun Bahasa Sino-Tibet]]. ==Huruf== [[Bondol:Qiang Rma.png|thumb|Huruf Rma]] ; Konsonan {|class=wikitable |- align=center |[[Bondol:Rma - b.svg|50px]]<br>b<br />/{{IPA|p}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - p.svg|50px]]<br>p<br />/{{IPA|pʰ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - bb.svg|50px]]<br>bb<br />/{{IPA|b}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - m.svg|50px]]<br>m<br />/{{IPA|m}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - f.svg|50px]]<br>f<br />/{{IPA|f}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - w.svg|50px]]<br>w<br />/{{IPA|w}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - wf.svg|50px]]<br>wf<br />/{{IPA|v}}/ |- align=center |[[Bondol:Rma - d.svg|50px]]<br>d<br />/{{IPA|t}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - t.svg|50px]]<br>t<br />/{{IPA|tʰ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - dd.svg|50px]]<br>dd<br />/{{IPA|d}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - n.svg|50px]]<br>n<br />/{{IPA|n}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - lh.svg|50px]]<br>lh<br />/{{IPA|ɬ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - l.svg|50px]]<br>l<br />/{{IPA|l}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - lr.svg|50px]]<br>lr<br />/{{IPA|lʴ}}/ |- align=center |[[Bondol:Rma - g.svg|50px]]<br>g<br />/{{IPA|k}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - k.svg|50px]]<br>k<br />/{{IPA|kʰ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - gg.svg|50px]]<br>gg<br />/{{IPA|ɡ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - ng.svg|50px]]<br>ng<br />/{{IPA|ŋ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - h.svg|50px]]<br>h<br />/{{IPA|h}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - hh.svg|50px]]<br>hh<br />/{{IPA|ɣ}}/ |{{N/a}} |- align=center |[[Bondol:Rma - j.svg|50px]]<br>j<br />/{{IPA|tɕ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - q.svg|50px]]<br>q<br />/{{IPA|tɕʰ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - jj.svg|50px]]<br>jj<br />/{{IPA|dʑ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - x.svg|50px]]<br>x<br />/{{IPA|ɕ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - xx.svg|50px]]<br>xx<br />/{{IPA|ʑ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - y.svg|50px]]<br>y<br />/{{IPA|j}}/ |{{N/a}} |- align=center |[[Bondol:Rma - gv.svg|50px]]<br>gv<br />/{{IPA|q}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - kv.svg|50px]]<br>kv<br />/{{IPA|qʰ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - v.svg|50px]]<br>v<br />/{{IPA|χ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - vh.svg|50px]]<br>vh<br />/{{IPA|ɦ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - vv.svg|50px]]<br>vv<br />/{{IPA|ʁ}}/ |{{N/a}} |{{N/a}} |- align=center |[[Bondol:Rma - z.svg|50px]]<br>z<br />/{{IPA|ts}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - c.svg|50px]]<br>c<br />/{{IPA|tsʰ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - zz.svg|50px]]<br>zz<br />/{{IPA|dz}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - s.svg|50px]]<br>s<br />/{{IPA|s}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - ss.svg|50px]]<br>ss<br />/{{IPA|z}}/ |{{N/a}} |{{N/a}} |- align=center |[[Bondol:Rma - zh.svg|50px]]<br>zh<br />/{{IPA|tʂ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - ch.svg|50px]]<br>ch<br />/{{IPA|tʂʰ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - dh.svg|50px]]<br>dh<br />/{{IPA|dʐ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - sh.svg|50px]]<br>sh<br />/{{IPA|ʂ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - rr.svg|50px]]<br>rr<br />/{{IPA|ʐ}}/ |{{N/a}} |{{N/a}} |} ; Vokal {|class=wikitable |- align=center |[[Bondol:Rma - a2.svg|50px]]<br>a<br />/{{IPA|a}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - ae.svg|50px]]<br>ae<br />/{{IPA|æ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - ea.svg|50px]]<br>ea<br />/{{IPA|e}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - u.svg|50px]]<br>u<br />/{{IPA|u}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - e.svg|50px]]<br>e<br />/{{IPA|ə}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - nn.svg|50px]]<br>nn<br />/{{IPA|◌̃}}/ |- align=center |[[Bondol:Rma - i.svg|50px]]<br>i<br />/{{IPA|i}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - yu.svg|50px]]<br>ü<br />/{{IPA|y}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - o.svg|50px]]<br>o<br />/{{IPA|o}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - !.svg|50px]]<br><br />/{{IPA|ʔ}}/ |[[Bondol:Rma - r2.svg|50px]]<br>r<br />/{{IPA|ʴ}}/ |{{N/a}} |} == Cuntuh Tulisan == *'''[[Alfabet Latin]]''' {{Quote|Gver gverde ddubggrem gvuddu leage jumi legvei devgvuavu. Jumi degvei Vvapenzi rme. Bbobbo lea ddeabi de mimang shgvu legvei ddeabi le. Ddubggrem gvuddu deage mige Vvapenzi devgvuajia gvu she. Vvapenzi vvlo ravuerda guqu nyi rirgu. As magva ddubggrem gvuddu dea Vvapenzi zem gevve zebe. Kwi deage "Vvapenzi! Vvapenzi! ge guevdea vheaxe wi ssebegwi!" Vvapenzi geme nyade de gendauginyi guev dhoshum dalar ddeaxi zebe. Gvuddu dea ngenyi de Vvapenzix, guev tea deage hveaggeanyi ta ravuerda gevve zebe. Aesada vvnyirgge lalarge ddubggrem gvuddu dea Vvapenzi ggrum gegvevi gujug. Ddubggrem guddu dea hvagve nyiade nyu le tessi vsex. "Vvapenzi! Vvapenzi! Ge guev dalar ddeaxi!" Vhadei nyiade nyu le vvlo deada gevveg, Vunyirggejiav gegve de Vvapenzi ddogvu geyig. Ai ddeabinyi naqi ash gelhe de vvnyirgge dalar mi gen na lalar gves weag. Twige de Vvapenzi nyia vnyirgge dalar ggul ddebigji.}} *'''[[Basa Kumoring|Horti (Kumoring)]]''' {{Quote|''Payja ho, uwat dukun say ngakuk sanak.'' ''Sanak sina golarna Rapunzel. Oya balak jadi morli say lagak.'' ''Dukun sina galang hati marik uwat jolma barih say haga ngakuk Rapunzel. Oya ngunci Rapunzel di manara.'' ''Tiyap harani, dukun sina nganjawi Rapunzel. Jak luwah, oya bakal nudu, Rapunzel! Rapunzel! Rogohko buwokmu!?'' ''Rapunzel ngilingko buwok tijangna tijibar saradu oya andongihna.'' ''Makay buwok Rapunzel, dukun sina bakal nakat manara.'' ''Say harani, pangiran ngaliyak dukun sina nganjawi Rapunzel.'' ''Salopas dukun sina lijung, oya nudu juk dukun sina gawiko munih.'' ''"Rapunzel! Rapunzel! Rogohko buwokmu!" Juk sina, sang pangiran cakak guk manara munih. Murat-murat, Rapunzel rabay.'' ''Kidang, saradu pira waktu, sang pangiran pocak jadi jolma say holaw. Jak sina, Rapunzel rik pangiran jadi orik'an.''}} *'''[[Bahasa Inggris|Horti (Inggris)]]''' {{Quote|''Long long ago, there was a witch who stole a child.'' ''The child's name was Rapunzel.'' ''She grew into a beautiful woman.'' ''The witch was afraid someone would take Rapunzel. She locked Rapunzel in a tower.'' ''Every day, the witch went to visit Rapunzel. From outside, she would call, "Rapunzel! Rapunzel! Let down your hair!?'' ''Rapunzel would let her long hair fall down right after she heard it.'' ''Using Rapunzel's hair, the witch would climb up the tower.'' ''One day, a prince saw the witch visit Rapunzel.'' ''After the witch left, he also called like the witch.'' ''"Rapunzel! Rapunzel! Let down your hair!" Just like that, the prince also went up the tower. At first, Rapunzel was afraid.'' ''But after some time, the prince seemed to be a good person. From then on, Rapunzel and the prince became friends.'' }} dwyg70p0ip92fthd0l0fomptbvlf3uh 0 665 38208 36372 2026-06-20T22:55:45Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Pranala dalam tautan 38208 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Basa |image = |golar = Bahasa Rusiya |native name = Русский Язык<br>Russkiy Yazyk |spoken by = [[Jolma Rusia]] |jumlah panutur = 150 juta |regions = [[Rusia]], [[Belarusia]], [[Kirgizstan]] |family 1 = [[Rumpun Bahasa Indo-Eropa|Indo-Eropa]] |family 2 = [[Rumpun Bahasa Slavia|Slavia]] |family 3 = [[Bahasa Rusia]] |family 4 = |family 5 = |writing system = [[Alfabet Sirilik]] |official = [[Bondol:Flag of Russia.svg|23px|border]] [[Rusia]]<br>[[Bondol:Flag of Belarus.svg|23px|border]] [[Belarusia]]<br>[[Bondol:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg|23px|border]] [[Kazakhstan]]<br>[[Bondol:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg|23px|border]] [[Kirgizstan]]<br>[[Bondol:Flag of Tajikistan.svg|23px|border]] [[Tajikistan]]<br>[[Bondol:Flag of United Nations.svg|23px|border]] PBB |regulated = V.V. Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences |status basa = Lokok tipakay |ISO 639-1 = ru |ISO 639-2 = rus |ISO 639-3 = rus |map = Russian_language_status_and_proficiency_in_the_World.svg }} '''Basa Rusia''' joda da basa Slavia Timur say asli na dituturko jolma [[Jolma Rusia|Rusia]], di [[Rusia]]. Silaw jak sina basa juga tipakay sabagay ''Lingua Franca'' atawa ''Bahasa Penghubung '' antara nagara-nagara bokas pocohan [[Uni Soviet]].<ref>[http://www.gallup.com/poll/109228/russian-language-enjoying-boost-postsoviet-states.aspx ''Russian Language Enjoying a Boost in Post-Soviet States''] Gallup. 1 Agustus 2008 [https://web.archive.org/web/20100518073110/http://www.gallup.com/poll/109228/Russian-Language-Enjoying-Boost-PostSoviet-States.aspx lokok aktif]</ref><ref name="demoscope">Александр Арефьев [http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2006/0251/tema01.php ''Падение статуса русского языка на постсоветском пространстве''] Демоскоп Weekly (2006) isu 251 [https://web.archive.org/web/20130308114703/http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2006/0251/tema01.php dilom] [[Rusia|Bahasa Rusia]]</ref><ref>Spolsky Shohamy, 1999, hal 236</ref><ref>Isurin, 2011, hal 13</ref> Ija joda da salah osay jak nom basa resmi [[Pasarikatan Bangsa Bangsa|PBB]].<ref>[https://www.un.org/en/our-work/official-languages ''Official Languages''] United Nations [https://web.archive.org/web/20240105190533/https://www.un.org/en/our-work/official-languages tiarsipko]</ref> ==Cuntuh Tulisan== ===UDHR pasal 1;=== *'''[[Alfabet Sirilik|Sirilik]]:''' {{Quote|Все люди рождаются свободными и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. Они наделены разумом и совестью и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства.}} *'''[[Alfabet Sirilik|Sirilik Kursiv]]:''' {{Quote|''Все люди рождаются свободными и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. Они наделены разумом и совестью и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства.''}} *'''[[Alfabet Latin|Latin]]:''' {{Quote|''Vse lyudi rozhdayutsya svobodnymi i ravnymi v svoyem dostoinstve i pravakh. Oni nadeleny razumom i sovest'yu i dolzhny postupat' v otnoshenii drug druga v dukhe bratstva.''}} *'''[[Bahasa Komering|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai goh-goh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.''}} ==Huruf== {| cellpadding="4" style="margin:auto; text-align:center;" |- |[[А (A Sirilik)|Аа]]<br>[[A]]a<br/>/a/||[[Б (B Sirilik)|Бб]]<br>[[B]]b<br/>/b/||[[В (V Sirilik)|Вв]]<br>[[V]]v<br/>/v/||[[Г (G Sirilik)|Гг]]<br>[[G]]g<br/>/ɡ/||[[Д (D Sirilik)|Дд]]<br>[[D]]d<br/>/d/||[[Е (Ye Sirilik)|Ее]]<br>[[Y]][[e]]<br/>/je/||[[Ё (Yo Sirilik)|Ёё]]<br>[[Y]][[o]]<br/>/jo/||[[Ж (Zh Sirilik)|Жж]]<br>[[Z]][[h]]<br/>/ʐ/||[[З (Z Sirilik)|Зз]]<br>[[Z]]z<br/>/z/||[[И (I Sirilik)|Ии]]<br>[[I]]i<br/>/i/||[[Й (I Kratkoye Sirilik)|Йй]]<br>[[Y]]y<br/>/j/ |- |[[К (K Sirilik)|Кк]]<br>[[K]]k<br/>/k/||[[Л (L Sirilik)|Лл]]<br>[[L]]l<br/>/l/||[[М (M Sirilik)|Мм]]<br>[[M]]m<br/>/m/||[[Н (N Sirilik)|Нн]]<br>[[N]]n<br/>/n/||[[О (O Sirilik)|Оо]]<br>[[O]]o<br/>/o/||[[П (P Sirilik)|Пп]]<br>[[P]]p<br/>/p/||[[Р (R Sirilik)|Рр]]<br>[[R]]r<br/>/r/||[[С (S Sirilik)|Сс]]<br>[[S]]s<br/>/s/||[[Т (T Sirilik)|Тт]]<br>[[T]]t<br/>/t/||[[У (U Sirilik)|Уу]]<br>[[U]]u<br/>/u/||[[Ф (F Sirilik)|Фф]]<br>[[F]]f<br/>/f/ |- |[[Х (Kh Sirilik)|Хх]]<br>[[K]][[h]]<br/>/x/<!-- do not change it to "kh", the symbol between slashes is not transliteration, this is phonemic transcription in IPA! -->||[[Ц (Ts Sirilik)|Цц]]<br>[[T]][[s]]<br/>/ts/||[[Ч (Ch Sirilik)|Чч]]<br>[[C]][[h]]<br/>/tɕ/||[[Ш (Sh Sirilik)|Шш]]<br>[[S]][[h]]<br/>/ʂ/||[[Щ (Shch Sirilik)|Щщ]]<br>[[S]][[h]][[c]][[h]]<br/>/ɕː/||[[Ъ (Tvidyordyy Znak/Tanda Pangoras)|Ъъ]]<br>[[ع|”]]<br/>/-/||[[Ы (Yery)|Ыы]]<br>[[Y]]y<br/> /ɨ/||[[Ь (Myagkyy Znak/Tanda Palombut)|Ьь]]<br>[[Y|’]]<br/>/ʲ/||[[Э (E Sirilik)|Ээ]]<br>[[E]]e<br/>/e/||[[Ю (Yu Sirilik)|Юю]]<br>[[Y]][[u]]<br/>/ju/||[[Я (Ya Sirilik)|Яя]]<br>[[Y]][[a]]<br/>/ja/ |} ==Rujukan== {{Reflist}} [[Kaban:Basa]] q8yx1qr3il89zkvjuq7zj8wx5lxnmt0 0 673 38175 35346 2026-06-20T22:12:49Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38175 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bahasa| | Golar = Sarikoli | Golar Asli = تۇجىك زىڤ - سەرىقۇلى زىڤ - Тоҷик Зив | Golar Asli Transliterasi = Tujik Ziv - Sarikhuli Ziv | Gambar = [[Bondol:Sarikoli Language in Xinjiang.png|500px]] | Nagara = {{Flagicon|China}} [[Cina]] | Pok = [[Xinjiang]] | Jumlah Panutur = 16.000 jiwa | Sistim Panulisan = [[Abjad Arab-Uyghur|Arab]] | Status = Lokok tipakai | Etnis = [[Jolma Sarikoli]] | Dialek = | Kaluwarga Bahasa = 1. [[Rumpun Bahasa Indo-Eropa|Indo-Eropa]]<br>2. [[Rumpun Bahasa Indo-Iran|Indo-Iran]]<br>3. [[Bahasa Sarikoli]] | Bahasa say Tikahik= [[Bahasa Tajik]] }} '''Basa Sarikoli''' joda da salah osay basa say dituturko [[Jolma Sarikoli]] di nagara [[Cina]].<ref>A wide variety of varied transcriptions of the name "Sarikoli" are used in linguistic discussions, such as 萨里库尔语, ''Sàlǐkùěryǔ'', 萨雷阔勒语, ''Sàléikuòlèyǔ'', 色勒库尔语, ''Sèlèkùěryǔ'' or 撒里科里语, ''Sǎlǐkēlǐyǔ''.</ref><ref name="GaoErqiang">Erqiang Gao, 高尔锵 [https://books.google.com/books?id=l3FSAAAACAAJ ''塔吉克汉词典 Tajik-Chinese Dictionary''] (1996) Sichuan Nationalities Publishing House, 四川民族出版社, ISBN 978-7-5409-1744-9</ref> ==Huruf== ====Abjad Arab Uyghur==== {| class="wikitable" |+Huruf Arab Uyghur Sarikoli ! No. ! Huruf ! [[Alfabet Fonetis Internasional|IPA]] ! Sataraf Latin.<ref name="GaoErqiang"/> ! No. ! Huruf ! [[Alfabet Fonetis Internasional|IPA]] ! Sataraf Latin. |- |1 |<big>{{Script/Arabic|ئا}}</big> |{{IPA|ɔ}} | O o |20 |<big>{{Script/Arabic|غ}}</big> |{{IPA|ʁ}} | Gh gh |- |2 |<big>{{Script/Arabic|ئە}}</big> |{{IPA|ɑ}}/{{IPA|ɛ}} | A a |21 |<big>{{Script/Arabic|ݝ}}</big> |{{IPA|ɣ}} | Gc gc |- |3 |<big>{{Script/Arabic|ب}}</big> |{{IPA|b}} | B b |22 |<big>{{Script/Arabic|ف}}</big> |{{IPA|f}} | F f |- |4 |<big>{{Script/Arabic|پ}}</big> |{{IPA|p}} | P p |23 |<big>{{Script/Arabic|ڤ}}</big> |{{IPA|v}} | V v |- |5 |<big>{{Script/Arabic|ت}}</big> |{{IPA|t}} | T t |24 |<big>{{Script/Arabic|ق}}</big> |{{IPA|q}} | Kh kh |- |6 |<big>{{Script/Arabic|ث}}</big> |{{IPA|θ}} | Ss ss |25 |<big>{{Script/Arabic|ك}}</big> |{{IPA|k}}/{{IPA|c}} | K k |- |7 |<big>{{Script/Arabic|ج}}</big> |{{IPA|d͡ʑ}} | J j |26 |<big>{{Script/Arabic|گ}}</big> |{{IPA|g}}/{{IPA|ɟ}} | G g |- |8 |<big>{{Script/Arabic|چ}}</big> |{{IPA|t͡ɕ}} | Q q |27 |<big>{{Script/Arabic|ڭ}}</big> |{{IPA|ŋ}} | Ng ng |- |9 |<big>{{Script/Arabic|خ}}</big> |{{IPA|χ}} | H h |28 |<big>{{Script/Arabic|ل}}</big> |{{IPA|l}} | L l |- |10 |<big>{{Script/Arabic|ݗ}}</big> |{{IPA|x}} | C c |29 |<big>{{Script/Arabic|م}}</big> |{{IPA|m}} | M m |- |11 |<big>{{Script/Arabic|څ}}</big> |{{IPA|t͡s}} | Ts ts |30 |<big>{{Script/Arabic|ن}}</big> |{{IPA|n}} | N n |- |12 |<big>{{Script/Arabic|ځ}}</big> |{{IPA|d͡z}} | Dz dz |31 |<big>{{Script/Arabic|ھ}}</big> |{{IPA|h}} | Hy hy |- |13 |<big>{{Script/Arabic|د}}</big> |{{IPA|d}} | D d |32 |<big>{{Script/Arabic|ئۇ}}</big> |{{IPA|u}} | U u |- |14 |<big>{{Script/Arabic|ذ}}</big> |{{IPA|ð}} | Zz zz |33 |<big>{{Script/Arabic|ئۈ}}</big> |{{IPA|y}} | Ü ü |- |15 |<big>{{Script/Arabic|ر}}</big> |{{IPA|r}} | R r |34 |<big>{{Script/Arabic|ۋ}}</big> |{{IPA|w}} | W w |- |16 |<big>{{Script/Arabic|ز}}</big> |{{IPA|z}} | Z z |35 |<big>{{Script/Arabic|ئې}}</big> |{{IPA|e}} | E e |- |17 |<big>{{Script/Arabic|ژ}}</big> |{{IPA|ʑ}} | Zy zy |36 |<big>{{Script/Arabic|ئى}}</big> |{{IPA|i}} | I i |- |18 |<big>{{Script/Arabic|س}}</big> |{{IPA|s}} | S s |37 |<big>{{Script/Arabic|ي}}</big> |{{IPA|j}} | Y y |- |19 |<big>{{Script/Arabic|ش}}</big> |{{IPA|ɕ}} | X x |} {| class="wikitable" ! Huruf ! Sataraf Latin.<ref name="GaoErqiang"/> |- |<big>{{Script/Arabic|ئاي}}</big> | Oi oi |- |<big>{{Script/Arabic|ئاۋ}}</big> | Ou ou |- |<big>{{Script/Arabic|ئېي}}</big> | Ei ei |- |<big>{{Script/Arabic|ئېۋ}}</big> | Eu eu |} ====Latin==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+ Huruf Sarikoli (Gao 1996)<ref name="GaoErqiang"/> |- ! Huruf Balak |[[A]] |[[B]] |[[C]] |[[D]] |[[Dz (digraf)|DZ]] |[[E]] |[[F]] |[[G]] |[[Gc (digraf)|GC]] |[[Gh (digraf)|GH]] |[[H]] |[[Hy (digraf)|HY]] |[[I]] |[[J]] |[[K]] |[[Kh (digraf)|KH]] |[[L]] |[[M]] |- ! Huruf Ronik |a |b |c |d |dz |e |f |g |gc |gh |h |hy |i |j |k |kh |l |m |- ! Pangucapan | {{IPA|a}} | {{IPA|b}} | {{IPA|x}} | {{IPA|d}} | {{IPA|d͡z}} | {{IPA|e}} | {{IPA|f}} | {{IPA|ɡ}} | {{IPA|ɣ}} | {{IPA|ʁ}} | {{IPA|χ}} | {{IPA|h}} | {{IPA|i}} | {{IPA|d͡ʒ}} | {{IPA|k}} | {{IPA|q}} | {{IPA|l}} | {{IPA|m}} |- ! Huruf Balak |[[N]] |[[O]] |[[P]] |[[Q]] |[[R]] |[[S]] |[[Ss (digraf)|SS]] |[[T]] |[[Ts (digraf)|TS]] |[[U]] |[[Ü]] |[[V]] |[[W]] |[[X]] |[[Y]] |[[Z]] |[[Zy (digraf)|ZY]] |[[Zz (digraf)|ZZ]] |- ! Huruf Ronik |n |o |p |q |r |s |ss |t |ts |u |ü |v |w |x |y |z |zy |zz |- ! Pangucapan | {{IPA|n}} | {{IPA|o}} | {{IPA|p}} | {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} | {{IPA|r}} | {{IPA|s}} | {{IPA|θ}} | {{IPA|t}} | {{IPA|t͡s}} | {{IPA|u}} | {{IPA|ɯ}} | {{IPA|v}} | {{IPA|w}} | {{IPA|ʃ}} | {{IPA|j}} | {{IPA|z}} | {{IPA|ʒ}} | {{IPA|ð}} |} {|class="wikitable Unicode" |-align=center |+ Latin Pakhalina ! Huruf |'''А а'''||'''B b'''||'''C c'''||'''Č č'''||'''D d'''||'''<big>δ</big> δ'''||'''E e'''||'''Ɛ ε'''||'''Ə ə'''||'''F f'''||'''G g'''||'''Ɣ ɣ'''||'''Ɣ̆ ɣ̆'''||'''I i'''||'''Ʒ ʒ'''||'''J̌ ǰ'''||'''K k '''||'''L l'''||'''М м'''||'''N n'''||'''O o'''||'''P p'''||'''Q q'''||'''R r'''||'''S s''' |-align=center ![[Alfabet Fonetis Internasional|IPA]] |[a]||[b]||[t͡s]||[t͡ʃ]||[d]||[ð]||[e]||[ɛ]||[ə]||[f]||[g]||[ʁ]||[ɣ]||[i]||[d͡z]||[ɖ͡ʐ]||[k]||[l]||[m]||[n]||[o]||[p]||[q]||[r]||[s] |-align=center ! Huruf |'''Š š'''||'''T t'''||'''<big>ϑ</big>ϑ'''||'''U u'''||'''Ü ü'''||'''V v'''||'''W w'''||'''Х х'''||'''Х̌ х̌'''||'''У у'''||'''Z z'''||'''Ž ž'''||'''Ы ы''' |-align=center ![[Alfabet Fonetis Internasional|IPA]] |[ʃ]||[t]||[θ]||[u]||[uː]||[v]||[w]||[χ]||[x]||[j]||[z]||[dʑ]||[ɯ] |} ==Cuntuh Tulisan== Teks di bah ho joda da paragraf jak "Kamus Tajik-Cina" karya Gao Erqiang (1996), say mbahas tentang pontingna pangombangan sistem panulisan untuk [[bahasa Tajik]] di [[Xinjiang]], baik dilom [[bahasa China]] atawa Sarikoli. Teks Sarikoli titulis dilom "[[Pinyin]]" say dikombangko bak Gao Erqiang untuk tigunako dilom kamus. Di bah sa, teks sina juga titranskripsiko dilom [[Abjad Arab-Uyghur]] say satara. *'''[[Abjad Arab-Uyghur|Arab-Uyghur]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|ئەۋەل بىرىنچى مەسەلە چى تېر گەپ كەيەن. تۇجىك مىلەت خۈيەن زىڤ ياست. يەد زىڤ ئاپتۇنۇم نايە ئەر دايرە قۇلانمىش ساۇد. جەنۇبى شىنجاڭەن يۇركاند، پۇسكام، قەرغەلېغ، پىشان قەتارلېق جۇىېفەن ۋى تۇجىك خېىل ئۇخشاش نە ياذىن، دى جۇىېنج تۇجىك خېىل ئەساس ئەز جەت خۈ زىڤ قۇلەنمىش كەيىن، خۈ مىلەتەن ۋى زىڤ قۇلەنمىش چېىگ ۋە ئە ۋى تەرەقى چېىگ ئەساسى قانۈن ذۇجېنج ھۇقۇق. ئەگەر ئى مىلەتەن غاڤ زىڤ ڤىد، كىتۇبى زىڤ څە نە ڤىد، دى رەڭ زىڤەن ۋى رەفاند ۋە تەرەقىيات چەكلىمەرى دىچۇر خىرد. مداس چېىگ لېڤد ئەلا كيۈ مىلەت ئەساسى قانۈن ذۇجېنج ئەز ھۇقۇق تۇلۇق بەھرىمەند نە سېذجېنج ساۇد. يىزېق لېڤجېنج ئە زىڤ خاتىرلەمىش چېىگىچۇز بەلگۈ، يەنى ئى مى قەتى مۈناسىبەتلىگ ڤەذجېنج «پىن‌يىن» سېستىما چى چېر ۋەذد قەتى ھۇسىل سېذجېنج، دىەن ھىچ رەڭ سىر نىست، «پىن‌يىن» لايەيەن ۋى تۈزۈلۈش مافېق څە ساۇد، ھىچ رەڭ ئەلۇكەت مەس پېيدۇ نە ساۇد. ڤىزېقەن ئەت زىڤ مەذان ڤەذجېنج زىدىيەت مەس ئۇبىكتىپ ھالدە ئى تەرەف سېت قەتى تېر سەۋىيە قەتى بىرلىگىر یاذد. مۈستەقىل تەرەقى چاݝجېنج ئى زىڤەن كيەمان ۋىرى ماس يېتىچۇز ڤىد كەرەك. ئىلىم ۋە رەفاند ئەز نۇختا زاݗت ئەلا يەد داۇلىرى ئۇىغۇن چېر.}}}} </div> *'''[[Tulisan China|China]]''' {{Quote|先说第一个问题。塔吉克族有自己的语言。这种语言在自 治县通用,是无法用其他语言代替的。和南疆莎车、泽普、叶 城等地的塔吉克人不同,这里很多塔吉克人只使用或基本上 使用自己语言。使用和发展本民族语言是宪法赋予的权利。如果一个民族只有口头语而没有书面语,这个语言的使用和 发展实际上就受到限制,也就不能合理享受宪法给予的权 利。文字就是记录语言的符号,用的是相关的一套拼音系 统,其中没有什么神秘,拼音方案设计周到也不会产生繁 难。文和语之问可能具有的矛盾将会通过客观而明智的处理 达到很大程度上的一致。一个独立发展的语言总要有和他相适应的文字。这从学术上或实用上说是理所当然的。}} *'''[[Bahasa China|China (Janggak guk Bah)]]''' {{MongolUnicode|{{Quote|先说第一个问题。塔吉克族有自己的语言。这种语言在自 治县通用,是无法用其他语言代替的。和南疆莎车、泽普、叶 城等地的塔吉克人不同,这里很多塔吉克人只使用或基本上 使用自己语言。使用和发展本民族语言是宪法赋予的权利。如果一个民族只有口头语而没有书面语,这个语言的使用和 发展实际上就受到限制,也就不能合理享受宪法给予的权 利。文字就是记录语言的符号,用的是相关的一套拼音系 统,其中没有什么神秘,拼音方案设计周到也不会产生繁 难。文和语之问可能具有的矛盾将会通过客观而明智的处理 达到很大程度上的一致。一个独立发展的语言总要有和他相适应的文字。这从学术上或实用上说是理所当然的。}}}} *'''[[Alfabet Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Awal birinqi masala qi ter gap kayan. Tujik milat hüyan ziv yost. Yad ziv optunum noya ar doira khulanmix soud. Janubi Xinjongan Yurkond, Puskom, KHarghalegh, Pixan khatorlekh juiefan wi Tujik heil uhxox na yozzin, Di juienj Tujik heil asos az jat hü ziv khulanmix kayin, Hü milatan wi ziv khulanmix qeig wa a wi tarakhi qeig Asosi KHonün zzujenj hyukhukh. Agar i milatan ghov ziv vid, kitubi ziv tsa na vid, di rang zivan wi rafond wa tarakhiyot qaklimari diqur hird. M dos qeig levd alo k yü milat Asosi KHonün zzujenj az hyukhukh tulukh bahyrimand na sezzjenj soud. Yizekh levjenj a ziv hotirlamix qeigiquz balgü, yani i mi khati münosibatlig vezzjenj pinyin sestimo qi qer wezzd khati hyusil sezzjenj, dian hyiq rang sir nist, Pinyin loyayan wi tüzülüx mofekh tsa soud, hyiq rang alukat mas peidu na soud. Vizekhan at ziv mazzon vezzjenj zidiyat mas ubiktip hyolda i taraf set khati ter sawiya khati birligir yozzd. Müstakhil tarakhi qogcjenj i zivan Kyamon wiri mos yetiquz i yizekh vid karak. Ilim wa rafond az nuhto zoct alo yad douliri uighun qer.''}} *'''[[Bahasa Inggris|Horti (Inggris)]]''' {{Quote|''Let’s talk about the first question first. The Tajiks have their own language. This language is commonly used in the autonomous county and cannot be replaced by other languages. Unlike the Tajiks in Yarkand, Poskam, Kargilik and other places in southern Xinjiang, many Tajiks here exclusively or largely exclusively use their own language. The use and development of the national language is a right conferred by the constitution. If a nation only has a spoken language but no written language, the use and development of this language will actually be restricted, and it will not be able to reasonably enjoy the rights granted by the constitution. Writing is a set of symbols that record language, and a related pinyin system is used. There is nothing mysterious about it, and a well-designed pinyin scheme will not cause any complications. Possible contradictions between text and language will be treated objectively and wisely to achieve a large degree of consistency. A language that develops independently must have a set of characters that are suitable for it. This is a matter of course from an academic or practical point of view.''}} *'''[[Basa Kumoring|Horti (Kumoring)]]''' {{Quote|''Payu kita bahas partanyaan partamo pai. Jolma Tajik uwat basa tiyan diwik. Basa hasa umum tipakai di daerah otonom rik mak pandai tigontiko rik basa barih. Sumang rik jolma Tajik di Yarkand, Poskam, Kargilik rik pok barih di hulu Xinjiang, lamon jolma Tajik dija sa sacara eksklusif atawa sabagian balak makai basa tiyan diwik. Panggunaan rik pangombangan bahasa nasional joda da hak sai diunjukko bak konstitusi. Aman osai Bangsa bih uwat basa lisan tapi makka basa tulisan, jadi pamakaian rik pangombangan bahasa sina justru bakal tibatasi, rik mak pandai nganikmati sacara wajar hak-hak sai diunjukko bak kontitusi. Tulisan joda da sakumpulan simbol sai ngarekam bahasa, rik sistem pinyin sai tikahik tipakai. Makka sai misterius rik kamona ho, rik skema pinyin sai tirancang holau-holau makwat nimbulko komplikasi piya juga. Kamungkinan kontradiksi antara teks rik basa bakal tiparadui sacara objektif rik arif bijaksano untuk nyapai tingkat konsistensi sai langgar. Osai basa sai bukombang sacara mandiri porlu uwat saparangkat karakter sai sasuai rik ia. Kamoja sa tamtu da jak sudut pandang akademis atawa praktis.''}} *'''[[Bahasa Indonesia|Indonesia]]''' {{Quote|''Mari kita bahas pertanyaan pertama terlebih dahulu. Orang Tajik memiliki bahasa mereka sendiri. Bahasa ini umum digunakan di daerah otonom dan tidak dapat digantikan dengan bahasa lain. Berbeda dengan orang Tajik di Yarkand, Poskam, Kargilik dan tempat lain di selatan Xinjiang, banyak orang Tajik di sini secara eksklusif atau sebagian besar menggunakan bahasa mereka sendiri. Penggunaan dan pengembangan bahasa nasional merupakan hak yang diberikan oleh konstitusi. Jika suatu bangsa hanya mempunyai bahasa lisan tetapi tidak memiliki bahasa tulisan, maka penggunaan dan pengembangan bahasa tersebut justru akan dibatasi, dan tidak dapat menikmati secara wajar hak-hak yang diberikan oleh konstitusi. Tulisan adalah sekumpulan simbol yang merekam bahasa, dan sistem pinyin terkait digunakan. Tidak ada yang misterius tentang hal itu, dan skema pinyin yang dirancang dengan baik tidak akan menimbulkan komplikasi apa pun. Kemungkinan kontradiksi antara teks dan bahasa akan ditangani secara obyektif dan bijaksana untuk mencapai tingkat konsistensi yang tinggi. Suatu bahasa yang berkembang secara mandiri harus mempunyai seperangkat karakter yang sesuai dengannya. Hal ini tentu saja dari sudut pandang akademis atau praktis.''}} ==Rujukan== {{Reflist}} 79d4c0ek2rxmzqm7khz8s6bp1e46rpe 0 679 38198 36375 2026-06-20T22:47:35Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38198 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Sumangko|[[Shina Kohistani]]}} {{Infobox language | name = Shina | pronunciation = {{IPA|scl|ʂiɳjá|}} | image = [[Bondol:Shina in Nastaliq.png|150px]] | states = [[Pakistan]], [[India]] | region = [[Gilgit-Baltistan]], [[Distrik Kohistan, Pakistan|Kohistan]], [[Drass, Ladakh|Drass]], [[Gurez]] | ethnicity = [[Jolma Shina|Shina]] | speakers = {{sigfig|720.200|4}} Shina | date = 2018 | ref = <ref>{{cite web |title=Shina |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/scl |website=Ethnologue |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606010248/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/scl |access-date=25 June 2019 |archive-date=2019-06-06 |language=en}}</ref> | familycolor = Indo-European | fam2 = [[Rumpun basa Indo-Iran|Indo-Iran]] | fam3 = [[Rumpun basa Indo-Arya|Indo-Arya]] | fam4 = [[Rumpun basa Dardik|Dardik]] | fam5 = [[Rumpun basa Dardik|Dardik Darak]] | fam6 = Shinaik | lc1 = scl | ld1 = Shina Standar | lc2 = plk | ld2 = [[Kohistani Shina]] | script = [[Huruf Hijaiyah|Arab]] ([[Nastaliq]])<ref>{{cite web|title= Ethnologue report for Shina |url= http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=scl|website=Ethnologue}}</ref> | map = Shina language.png | mapcaption = Distribution of Shina language in Dark Orange | notice = IPA | glotto = shin1264 | glottoname = Shina | glotto2 = kohi1248 | glottoname2 = Kohistani Shina | imagecaption = Kata {{lang|scl-Latn|Ṣiṇyaá}} titulis dilom huruf [[Huruf Hijaiyah|Arab]] dilom gaya [[Nastaliq]]. | nativename = {{lang|scl|ݜݨیاٗ زبان}} / {{lang|scl|ݜݨیاٗ گلیتوࣿ زبان}}<br/>''{{transliteration|scl|Ṣiṇyaá}}'' | speakers2 = rik Shina, Kohistani 458.000 (2018)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shina, Kohistani|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/plk |website=Ethnologue |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605212655/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/plk |access-date=25 June 2019 |archive-date=2019-06-05 |language=en}}</ref> }} '''Basa Shina''' joda da salah osay basa say dituturko [[Jolma Shina]] di nagara [[Pakistan]].<ref>Danesh Jain, [https://books.google.com/books?id=iUHfBQAAQBAJ&dq=shina+gilgit+ladakh&pg=PT1018 ''The Indo-Aryan Languages''] George Cardona, 26 Juni 2007, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-135-79710-2, hal 1018 dilom [[Bahasa Inggris]]</ref> Di [[Pakistan]], joda da basa mayoritas di [[Gilgit-Baltistan]] say sabagiyan balak dituturko jolma say ngaman di [[Gilgit-Baltistan]] rik [[Distrik Kohistan, Pakistan|Kohistan]].<ref name=":2">Anju Saxena, [https://books.google.com/books?id=g8DAmULPQU0C&dq=shina+gilgit+ladakh&pg=PA137 ''Lesser-Known Languages of South Asia: Status and Policies, Case Studies and Applications of Information Technology''] Lars Borin, 22 Agustus 2008, Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-019778-5, hal 137 dilom [[Bahasa Inggris]] {{Quote|''Shina is an Indo-Aryan language of the Dardic group, spoken in the Karakorams and the western Himalayas: Gilgit, Hunza, the Astor Valley, the Tangir-Darel valleys, Chilas and Indus Kohistan, as well as in the upper Neelam Valley and Dras. Outliers of Shina are found in Ladakh (Brokskat), Chitral (Palula and Sawi), Swat (Ushojo; Bashir 2003: 878) and Dir (Kalkoti).''}}</ref><ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/scl ''Shina''], Ethnologue [https://web.archive.org/web/20190606010248/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/scl dilom Bahasa Inggris]</ref> == Huruf == ==== Konsonan ==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! Golar ! colspan="4" | Bontuk ! rowspan=2 | [[Huruf Fonetik Internasional|IPA]] ! rowspan=2 | [[Huruf Latin|Latin]]<ref name="transliteration">Radloff, Carla F. with Shakil Ahmad Shakil.1998.'' Folktales in the Shina of Gilgit''. Islamabad: The National Institute of Pakistan Studies and Summer Institute of Linguistics. [https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/13/82/56/138256623622760949003113935743299913976/742_CRadloff_Folktales_Gilgit_of_Shina_1998.pdf]</ref> ! rowspan=2 | [[Unicode]] ! rowspan=2 | Catatan |- ! Shina ! Posay ! Uncuk ! Tongah ! Pangkal |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| الڦ }}</span><br>''aliv'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ا]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـا }} | style="font-size:120%;" |{{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـا }} | style="font-size:120%;" |{{#invoke:lang|lang|scl|ا / آ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|ʌ}}, {{IPAblink|∅}}, ''silent'' | style="border-right:none;" | ''– / aa'' | [[:wiktionary: ا|U+0627]]<Br>[[:wiktionary: ا|U+0627]] | At the beginning of a word it can either come with diacritic, or it can come in form of ''aliv-madda'' ({{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| آ}}), or it can be stand-alone and silent, succeeded by a vowel letter. Diacritics {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| اَ اِ، اُ}} can be omitted in writing. |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| بےࣿ }}</span><br>''be'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ب]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـب }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـبـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| بـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|b}} | ''b'' | [[:wiktionary: ب|U+0628]] | |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| پےࣿ }}</span><br>''pe'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[پ]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـپ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـپـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| پـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|p}} | ''p'' | [[:wiktionary: پ|U+067E]] | |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| تےࣿ }}</span><br>''te'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ت]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـت }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـتـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| تـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|t̪}} | ''t'' | [[:wiktionary: ت|U+062A]] | |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ٹےࣿ }}</span><br>''te'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ٹ]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـٹ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـٹـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ٹـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|ʈ}} | ''ṭ'' | [[:wiktionary: ٹ|U+0679]] | |-bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ثےࣿ }}</span><br>''se'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ث]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـث }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـثـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ثـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|s}} | ''s'' | [[:wiktionary: ث|U+062B]] | Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin. Can be replaced with letter ''siin'' {{lang|scl| س }}.<ref name="Dictionary"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| جوࣿم }}</span><br>''ǰom'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ج]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـج }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـجـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| جـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|d͡ʒ}} | ''ǰ'' | [[:wiktionary: ج|U+062C]] | |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| چےࣿ }}</span><br>''če'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[چ]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـچ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـچـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| چـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|t͡ʃ}} | ''č'' | [[:wiktionary: چ|U+0686]] | |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| څےࣿ }}</span><br>''tse'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[څ]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـڅ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـڅـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| څـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|t͡s}} | ''ts'' | [[:wiktionary: څ|U+0685]] | Letter borrowed from [[Pashto alphabet]]. |-bgcolor="#d0dead" | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڇےࣿ }}</span><br>''c̣e'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ڇ]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـڇ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـڇـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڇـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|ʈ͡ʂ}} | ''c̣'' | [[:wiktionary: ڇ|U+0687]] | Unique letter for Shina language. Some Shina literatures and documents use two horizontal lines instead of four dots, use {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| حٍـ }} instead of {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڇـ }}. |-bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| حےࣿ }}</span><br>''he'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ح]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـح }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـحـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| حـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|h}} | ''h'' | [[:wiktionary: ح|U+062D]] | Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin. Can be replaced with letter ''hay'' {{lang|scl| ہ }}.<ref name="Dictionary"/> |-bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| خےࣿ }}</span><br>''khe'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[خ]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـخ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـخـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| خـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|x}}~{{IPAblink|◌ʰ|kʰ}} | ''kh'' | [[:wiktionary: خ|U+062E]] | Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin. Can be replaced with digraph letter ''khe'' {{lang|scl| کھ }}.<ref name="Dictionary"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| دال }}</span><br>''daal'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[د]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـد }} | style="font-size:120%;" | - | style="font-size:120%;" | - | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|d̪}} | ''d'' | [[:wiktionary: د|U+062F]] | |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڈال }}</span><br>''ḍaal'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ڈ]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـڈ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | - | style="font-size:120%;" | - | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|ɖ}} | ''ḍ'' | [[:wiktionary: ڈ|U+0688]] | |-bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ذال }}</span><br>''zaal'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ذ]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـذ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | - | style="font-size:120%;" | - | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|z}} | ''z'' | [[:wiktionary: ذ|U+0630]] | Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin. Can be replaced with letter ''ze'' {{lang|scl| ز }}.<ref name="Dictionary"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| رےࣿ }}</span><br>''re'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ر]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـر }} | style="font-size:120%;" | - | style="font-size:120%;" | - | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|r}} | ''r'' | [[:wiktionary: ر|U+0631]] | |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڑےࣿ }}</span><br>''ṛe'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ڑ]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـڑ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | - | style="font-size:120%;" | - | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|ɽ}} | ''ṛ'' | [[:wiktionary: ڑ|U+0691]] | |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| زےࣿ }}</span><br>''ze'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ز]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـز }} | style="font-size:120%;" | - | style="font-size:120%;" | - | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|z}} | ''z'' | [[:wiktionary: ز|U+0632]] | |-bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ژےࣿ }}</span><br>''že / ǰe'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ژ]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـژ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | - | style="font-size:120%;" | - | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|ʒ}}‍~{{IPAblink|d͡ʒ}}‍ | ''ž / ǰ'' | [[:wiktionary: ز|U+0632]] | Only used in loanwords of Persian and European origin. Can be replaced with letter ''jom'' {{lang|scl| ج }}.<ref name="Dictionary"/> |-bgcolor="#d0dead" | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڙےࣿ }}</span><br>''ẓe'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ڙ]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـڙ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | - | style="font-size:120%;" | - | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|ʐ}} | ''ẓ'' | [[:wiktionary: ڙ|U+0699]] | Unique letter for Shina language. Some Shina literatures and documents use two horizontal lines instead of four dots, use {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| رً }} instead of {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڙ }}. |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| سِین }}</span><br>''siin'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[س]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـس }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـسـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| سـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|s}} | ''s'' | [[:wiktionary: س|U+0633]] | |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| شِین }}</span><br>''šiin'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ش]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـش }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـشـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| شـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|ʃ}} | ''š'' | [[:wiktionary: ش|U+0634]] | |-bgcolor="#d0dead" | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ݜِین }}</span><br>''ṣiin'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ݜ]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـݜ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـݜـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ݜـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|ʂ}} | ''ṣ'' | [[:wiktionary: ڇ|U+0687]] | Unique letter for Shina language. Some Shina literatures and documents use two horizontal lines instead of four dots, use {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| سً }} instead of {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ݜ }}. |-bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| صواد }}</span><br>''swaad'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ص]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـص }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـصـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| صـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|s}} | ''s'' | [[:wiktionary: ص|U+0635]] | Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin. Can be replaced with letter ''siin'' {{lang|scl| س }}.<ref name="Dictionary"/> |-bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ضواد }}</span><br>''zwaad'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ض]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـض }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـضـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ضـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|z}} | ''z'' | [[:wiktionary: ض|U+0636]] | Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin. Can be replaced with letter ''ze'' {{lang|scl| ز }}.<ref name="Dictionary"/> |-bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| طوے }}</span><br>''tooy'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ط]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـط }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـطـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| طـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|t̪}} | ''t'' | [[:wiktionary: ط|U+0637]] | Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin. Can be replaced with letter ''te'' {{lang|scl| ت }}.<ref name="Dictionary"/> |-bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ظوے }}</span><br>''zooy'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ظ]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـظ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـظـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ظـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|z}} | ''z'' | [[:wiktionary: ظ|U+0638]] | Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin. Can be replaced with letter ''ze'' {{lang|scl| ز }}.<ref name="Dictionary"/> |-bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| عَین }}</span><br>''ayn'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ع]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـع }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـعـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| عـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|ʔ}}, ''silent'' | ''-'' | [[:wiktionary: ع|U+0639]] | Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin. Can be replaced with letter ''aliv'' {{lang|scl| ا }}.<ref name="Dictionary"/> |-bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| غَین }}</span><br>''gayn'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[غ]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـغ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـغـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| غـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|ɣ}}~{{IPAblink|ɡ}} | ''g'' | [[:wiktionary: غ|U+063A]] | Only used in loanwords of Arabic and Turkic origin. Can be replaced with letter ''gaaf'' {{lang|scl| گ}}.<ref name="Dictionary"/> |-bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| فےࣿ }}</span><br>''fe / phe'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ف]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـف }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـفـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| فـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|f}}~{{IPAblink|pʰ}} | ''f / ph'' | [[:wiktionary: ف|U+0641]] | Only used in loanwords. Can be replaced with digraph letter ''phe'' {{lang|scl| پھ }}.<ref name="Dictionary"/> |-bgcolor="#d0dead" | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڦےࣿ }}</span><br>''ve'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ڦ]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـڦ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـڦـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڦـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|v}} | ''v'' | [[:wiktionary: ڦ|U+06A6]] | Unique letter for Shina language. Some Shina literatures and documents use two horizontal lines instead of four dots, use {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڡً }} instead of {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڦ }}. |-bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| قاف }}</span><br>''qaaf / kaaf'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ق]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـق }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـقـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| قـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|q}}~{{IPAblink|k}} | ''q / k'' | [[:wiktionary: ق|U+0642]] | Only used in loanwords of Arabic and Turkic origin. Can be replaced with letter ''kaaf'' {{lang|scl| ک }}.<ref name="Dictionary"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| کاف }}</span><br>''kaaf'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ک]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـک }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـکـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| کـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|k}} | ''k'' | [[:wiktionary: ک|U+0643]] | |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| گاف }}</span><br>''gaaf'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[گ]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـگ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـگـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| گـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|ɡ}} | ''g'' | [[:wiktionary: گ|U+06AF]] | |-bgcolor="#d0dead" | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڱاف / گاف گُنَہ }}</span><br>''ngaaf / gaaf gunna'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڱ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـڱ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـڱـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڱـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ŋ/}} | ''ng'' | [[:wiktionary: ڱ|U+06B1]] | Unique letter for Kohistani Shina language.<ref name="Primer1"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| لام }}</span><br>''laam'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ل]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـل }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـلـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| لـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|l}} | ''l'' | [[:wiktionary: ل|U+0644]] | |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| مِیم }}</span><br>''miim'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[م]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـم }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـمـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| مـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|m}} | ''m'' | [[:wiktionary: م|U+0645]] | |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| نُون }}</span><br>''n{{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| پھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـپھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـپھـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| پھـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|◌ʰ|pʰ}} | ''ph'' | [[:wiktionary: پ|U+067E]]<br>and<br>[[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]] | A [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]], counted as a letter.<ref name="Primer1"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| تھےࣿ }}</span><br>''the'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| تھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـتھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـتھـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| تھـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|◌ʰ|t̪ʰ}} | ''th'' | [[:wiktionary: ت|U+062A]]<br>and<br>[[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]] | A [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]], counted as a letter.<ref name="Primer1"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ٹھےࣿ }}</span><br>''ṭhe'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ٹھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـٹھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـٹھـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ٹھـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|◌ʰ|ʈʰ}} | ''ṭh'' | [[:wiktionary: ٹ|U+0679]]<br>and<br>[[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]] | A [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]], counted as a letter.<ref name="Primer1"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| جھوࣿم }}</span><br>''ǰhom'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| جھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـجھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـجھـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| جھـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|◌ʰ|d͡ʒʱ}} | ''ǰh'' | [[:wiktionary: ج|U+062C]] <br>and<br>[[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]] | A [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]], counted as a letter.<ref name="Primer1"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| چھےࣿ }}</span><br>''čhe'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| چھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـچھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـچھـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| چھـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|◌ʰ|t͡ʃʰ}} | ''čh'' | [[:wiktionary: چ|U+0686]]<br>and<br>[[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]] | A [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]], counted as a letter.<ref name="Primer1"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| څھےࣿ }}</span><br>''tshe'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| څھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـڅھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـڅھـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| څھـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|◌ʰ|t͡sʰ}} | ''tsh'' | [[:wiktionary: څ|U+0685]]<br>and<br>[[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]] | A [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]], counted as a letter.<ref name="Primer1"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڇھےࣿ }}</span><br>''c̣he'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڇھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـڇھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـڇھـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڇھـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|◌ʰ|ʈ͡ʂʰ}} | ''c̣h'' | [[:wiktionary: ڇ|U+0687]]<br>and<br>[[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]] | A [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]], counted as a letter.<ref name="Primer1"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| دھےࣿ }}</span><br>''dhe'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| دھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـدھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـدھـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| دھـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|◌ʰ|d̪ʱ}} | ''dh'' | [[:wiktionary: د|U+062F]]<br>and<br>[[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]] | A [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]], counted as a letter.<ref name="Primer1"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڈھےࣿ }}</span><br>''ḍhe'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڈھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـڈھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـڈھـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڈھـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|◌ʰ|ɖʱ}} | ''ḍh'' | [[:wiktionary: ڈ|U+0688]]<br>and<br>[[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]] | A [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]], counted as a letter.<ref name="Primer1"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| رھےࣿ }}</span><br>''rhe'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| رھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـرھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـرھـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| رھـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|◌ʰ|rʱ}} | ''rh'' | [[:wiktionary: ر|U+0631]]<br>and<br>[[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]] | A [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]], counted as a letter.<ref name="Primer1"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| زھےࣿ }}</span><br>''zhe'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| زھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـزھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـزھـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| زھـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|◌ʰ|zʱ}} | ''zh'' | [[:wiktionary: ز|U+0632]]<br>and<br>[[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]] | A [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]], counted as a letter.<ref name="Primer1"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڙھےࣿ }}</span><br>''ẓhe'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڙھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـڙھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـڙھـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڙھـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|◌ʰ|zʱ}} | ''ẓh'' | [[:wiktionary: ڙ|U+0699]]<br>and<br>[[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]] | A [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]], counted as a letter.<ref name="Primer1"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| کھےࣿ }}</span><br>''khe'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| کھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـکھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـکھـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| کھـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|◌ʰ|kʰ}} | ''kh'' | [[:wiktionary: ک|U+0643]]<br>and<br>[[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]] | A [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]], counted as a letter.<ref name="Primer1"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| گھےࣿ }}</span><br>''ghe'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| گھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـگھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـگھـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| گھـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|◌ʰ|ɡʱ}} | ''gh'' | [[:wiktionary: گ|U+06AF]]<br>and<br>[[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]] | A [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]], counted as a letter.<ref name="Primer1"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| لھےࣿ }}</span><br>''lhe'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| لھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـلھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـلھـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| لھـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|◌ʰ|lʱ}} | ''lh'' | [[:wiktionary: ل|U+0644]]<br>and<br>[[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]] | A [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]], counted as a letter.<ref name="Primer1"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| مھےࣿ }}</span><br>''mhe'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| مھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـمھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـمھـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| مھـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|◌ʰ|mʱ}} | ''mh'' | [[:wiktionary: م|U+0645]]<br>and<br>[[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]] | A [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]], counted as a letter.<ref name="Primer1"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| نھےࣿ }}</span><br>''nhe'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| نھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـنھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـنھـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| نھـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|◌ʰ|nʱ}} | ''nh'' | [[:wiktionary: ن|U+0646]]<br>and<br>[[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]] | A [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]], counted as a letter.<ref name="Primer1"/> |} ==== Vokal ==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; !colspan=5| Vokal di pangkal kata |- ! a || e || i || o || u |-dir="rtl" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|اَ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|ایࣿـ / اےࣿ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|اِ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|اوࣿ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|اُ}}</span> |- !colspan=5| Vokal di tongah kata |-dir="rtl" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|ـَ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|یࣿـ / ـیࣿـ }}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|ـِ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|وࣿ / ـوࣿ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|ـُ}}</span> |- !colspan=5| Vokal di uncuk kata |-dir="rtl" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|◌َہ / ـَہ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|ےࣿ / ـےࣿ }}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ِہ / ـِہ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|وࣿ / ـوࣿ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ُہ / ـُہ}}</span> |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; !colspan=5| Vokal di pangkal kata |- ! aa || ee || ii || oo || uu |-dir="rtl" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|آ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|ایـ / اے}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|اِیـ / اِی}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|او}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|اُو}}</span> |- !colspan=5| Vokal di tongah kata |-dir="rtl" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|ا / ـا}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|یـ / ـیـ }}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ِیـ / ـِیـ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|و / ـو}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ُو / ـُو}}</span> |- !colspan=5| Vokal di uncuk kata |-dir="rtl" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|ا / ـا}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|ے / ـے}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ِی / ـِی}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|و / ـو}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ُو / ـُو}}</span> |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; !colspan=5| Vokal di pangkal kata |- ! aá || eé || ií || oó || uú |-dir="rtl" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|آٗ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|ایٗـ / اےٗ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|اِیٗـ / اِیٗ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|اوٗ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|اُوٗ}}</span> |- !colspan=5| Vokal di tongah kata |-dir="rtl" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|اٗ / ـاٗ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|یٗـ / ـیٗـ }}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ِیٗـ / ـِیٗـ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|وٗ / ـوٗ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ُوٗ / ـُوٗ}}</span> |- !colspan=5| Vokal di uncuk kata |-dir="rtl" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|اٗ / ـاٗ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|ےٗ / ـےٗ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ِیٗ / ـِی}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|وٗ / ـوٗ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ُوٗ / ـُوٗ}}</span> |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; !colspan=5| Vokal di pangkal kata |- ! áa || ée || íi || óo || úu |-dir="rtl" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|آٰ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|ایٰـ / اےٰ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|اِیٰـ / اِیٰ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|اوٰ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|اُوٰ}}</span> |- !colspan=5| Vokal di tongah kata |-dir="rtl" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|اٰ / ـاٰ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|یٰـ / ـیٰـ }}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ِیٰـ / ـِیٰـ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|وٰ / ـوٰ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ُوٰ / ـُوٰ}}</span> |- !colspan=5| Vokal di uncuk kata |-dir="rtl" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|اٰ / ـاٰ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|ےٰ / ـےٰ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ِیٰ / ـِیٰ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|وٰ / ـوٰ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ُوٰ / ـُوٰ}}</span> |- |} == Cuntuh Tulisan == * '''[[Huruf Hijaiyah|Arab]]''' <div dir="rtl"><span style="font-size:130%;line-height:1.35;">{{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|اَساٰ ایࣿک سَنِیٰلو گوٰݜ پَشیٰس. اَساٰ دَہِیٰلو گوٰݜ پَشیٰس. گوٰݜ جیٰجِہ دَہِیٰلوࣿ لیٰل بِیٰنوࣿ. گوٰݜ وَزِیٗ نَہ دِتوباٰلو.}}}} </span></div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Asáa ek saníilo góoṣ pašées. Asáa dahíilo góoṣ pašées. Góoṣ jéeji dahíilo léel bíino. Góoṣ wazií na ditobáalo.''}} * '''[[Basa Kumoring|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''Sikam ngaliyak lombahan say kok radu tiguway. Sikam ngaliyak lombahan sina mutung. Lombahan sina pocakna kona suwah. Lombahan sina mak mungkin rubuh unyin.''}} == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} [[Kaban:Basa]] rosq3fznxd345kusggm0xpj23lh205m 38202 38198 2026-06-20T22:49:59Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38202 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Sumangko|[[Shina Kohistani]]}} {{Infobox language | name = Shina | pronunciation = {{IPA|scl|ʂiɳjá|}} | image = [[Bondol:Shina in Nastaliq.png|150px]] | states = [[Pakistan]], [[India]] | region = [[Gilgit-Baltistan]], [[Distrik Kohistan, Pakistan|Kohistan]], [[Drass, Ladakh|Drass]], [[Gurez]] | ethnicity = [[Jolma Shina|Shina]] | speakers = {{sigfig|720.200|4}} Shina | date = 2018 | ref = <ref>{{cite web |title=Shina |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/scl |website=Ethnologue |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606010248/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/scl |access-date=25 June 2019 |archive-date=2019-06-06 |language=en}}</ref> | familycolor = Indo-European | fam2 = [[Rumpun basa Indo-Iran|Indo-Iran]] | fam3 = [[Rumpun basa Indo-Arya|Indo-Arya]] | fam4 = [[Rumpun basa Dardik|Dardik]] | fam5 = [[Rumpun basa Dardik|Dardik Darak]] | fam6 = Shinaik | lc1 = scl | ld1 = Shina Standar | lc2 = plk | ld2 = [[Kohistani Shina]] | script = [[Huruf Hijaiyah|Arab]] ([[Nastaliq]])<ref>{{cite web|title= Ethnologue report for Shina |url= http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=scl|website=Ethnologue}}</ref> | map = Shina language.png | mapcaption = Distribution of Shina language in Dark Orange | notice = IPA | glotto = shin1264 | glottoname = Shina | glotto2 = kohi1248 | glottoname2 = Kohistani Shina | imagecaption = Kata {{lang|scl-Latn|Ṣiṇyaá}} titulis dilom huruf [[Huruf Hijaiyah|Arab]] dilom gaya [[Nastaliq]]. | nativename = {{lang|scl|ݜݨیاٗ زبان}} / {{lang|scl|ݜݨیاٗ گلیتوࣿ زبان}}<br/>''{{transliteration|scl|Ṣiṇyaá}}'' | speakers2 = rik Shina, Kohistani 458.000 (2018)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shina, Kohistani|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/plk |website=Ethnologue |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605212655/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/plk |access-date=25 June 2019 |archive-date=2019-06-05 |language=en}}</ref> }} '''Basa Shina''' joda da salah osay basa say dituturko [[Jolma Shina]] di nagara [[Pakistan]].<ref>Danesh Jain, [https://books.google.com/books?id=iUHfBQAAQBAJ&dq=shina+gilgit+ladakh&pg=PT1018 ''The Indo-Aryan Languages''] George Cardona, 26 Juni 2007, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-135-79710-2, hal 1018 dilom [[Bahasa Inggris]]</ref> Di [[Pakistan]], joda da basa mayoritas di [[Gilgit-Baltistan]] say sabagiyan balak dituturko jolma say ngaman di [[Gilgit-Baltistan]] rik [[Distrik Kohistan, Pakistan|Kohistan]].<ref name=":2">Anju Saxena, [https://books.google.com/books?id=g8DAmULPQU0C&dq=shina+gilgit+ladakh&pg=PA137 ''Lesser-Known Languages of South Asia: Status and Policies, Case Studies and Applications of Information Technology''] Lars Borin, 22 Agustus 2008, Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-019778-5, hal 137 dilom [[Bahasa Inggris]] {{Quote|''Shina is an Indo-Aryan language of the Dardic group, spoken in the Karakorams and the western Himalayas: Gilgit, Hunza, the Astor Valley, the Tangir-Darel valleys, Chilas and Indus Kohistan, as well as in the upper Neelam Valley and Dras. Outliers of Shina are found in Ladakh (Brokskat), Chitral (Palula and Sawi), Swat (Ushojo; Bashir 2003: 878) and Dir (Kalkoti).''}}</ref><ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/scl ''Shina''], Ethnologue [https://web.archive.org/web/20190606010248/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/scl dilom Bahasa Inggris]</ref> == Huruf == ==== Konsonan ==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! Golar ! colspan="4" | Bontuk ! rowspan=2 | [[Huruf Fonetik Internasional|IPA]] ! rowspan=2 | [[Huruf Latin|Latin]]<ref name="transliteration">Radloff, Carla F. with Shakil Ahmad Shakil.1998.'' Folktales in the Shina of Gilgit''. Islamabad: The National Institute of Pakistan Studies and Summer Institute of Linguistics. [https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/13/82/56/138256623622760949003113935743299913976/742_CRadloff_Folktales_Gilgit_of_Shina_1998.pdf]</ref> ! rowspan=2 | [[Unicode]] ! rowspan=2 | Catatan |- ! Shina ! Posay ! Uncuk ! Tongah ! Pangkal |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| الڦ }}</span><br>''aliv'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ا]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـا }} | style="font-size:120%;" |{{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـا }} | style="font-size:120%;" |{{#invoke:lang|lang|scl|ا / آ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|ʌ}}, {{IPAblink|∅}}, ''silent'' | style="border-right:none;" | ''– / aa'' | [[:wiktionary: ا|U+0627]]<Br>[[:wiktionary: ا|U+0627]] | At the beginning of a word it can either come with diacritic, or it can come in form of ''aliv-madda'' ({{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| آ}}), or it can be stand-alone and silent, succeeded by a vowel letter. Diacritics {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| اَ اِ، اُ}} can be omitted in writing. |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| بےࣿ }}</span><br>''be'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ب]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـب }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـبـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| بـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|b}} | ''b'' | [[:wiktionary: ب|U+0628]] | |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| پےࣿ }}</span><br>''pe'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[پ]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـپ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـپـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| پـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|p}} | ''p'' | [[:wiktionary: پ|U+067E]] | |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| تےࣿ }}</span><br>''te'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ت]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـت }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـتـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| تـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|t̪}} | ''t'' | [[:wiktionary: ت|U+062A]] | |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ٹےࣿ }}</span><br>''te'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ٹ]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـٹ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـٹـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ٹـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|ʈ}} | ''ṭ'' | [[:wiktionary: ٹ|U+0679]] | |-bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ثےࣿ }}</span><br>''se'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ث]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـث }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـثـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ثـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|s}} | ''s'' | [[:wiktionary: ث|U+062B]] | Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin. Can be replaced with letter ''siin'' {{lang|scl| س }}.<ref name="Dictionary"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| جوࣿم }}</span><br>''ǰom'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ج]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـج }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـجـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| جـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|d͡ʒ}} | ''ǰ'' | [[:wiktionary: ج|U+062C]] | |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| چےࣿ }}</span><br>''če'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[چ]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـچ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـچـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| چـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|t͡ʃ}} | ''č'' | [[:wiktionary: چ|U+0686]] | |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| څےࣿ }}</span><br>''tse'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[څ]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـڅ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـڅـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| څـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|t͡s}} | ''ts'' | [[:wiktionary: څ|U+0685]] | Letter borrowed from [[Pashto alphabet]]. |-bgcolor="#d0dead" | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڇےࣿ }}</span><br>''c̣e'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ڇ]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـڇ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـڇـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڇـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|ʈ͡ʂ}} | ''c̣'' | [[:wiktionary: ڇ|U+0687]] | Unique letter for Shina language. Some Shina literatures and documents use two horizontal lines instead of four dots, use {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| حٍـ }} instead of {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڇـ }}. |-bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| حےࣿ }}</span><br>''he'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ح]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـح }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـحـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| حـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|h}} | ''h'' | [[:wiktionary: ح|U+062D]] | Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin. Can be replaced with letter ''hay'' {{lang|scl| ہ }}.<ref name="Dictionary"/> |-bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| خےࣿ }}</span><br>''khe'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[خ]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـخ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـخـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| خـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|x}}~{{IPAblink|◌ʰ|kʰ}} | ''kh'' | [[:wiktionary: خ|U+062E]] | Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin. Can be replaced with digraph letter ''khe'' {{lang|scl| کھ }}.<ref name="Dictionary"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| دال }}</span><br>''daal'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[د]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـد }} | style="font-size:120%;" | - | style="font-size:120%;" | - | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|d̪}} | ''d'' | [[:wiktionary: د|U+062F]] | |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڈال }}</span><br>''ḍaal'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ڈ]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـڈ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | - | style="font-size:120%;" | - | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|ɖ}} | ''ḍ'' | [[:wiktionary: ڈ|U+0688]] | |-bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ذال }}</span><br>''zaal'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ذ]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـذ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | - | style="font-size:120%;" | - | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|z}} | ''z'' | [[:wiktionary: ذ|U+0630]] | Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin. Can be replaced with letter ''ze'' {{lang|scl| ز }}.<ref name="Dictionary"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| رےࣿ }}</span><br>''re'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ر]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـر }} | style="font-size:120%;" | - | style="font-size:120%;" | - | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|r}} | ''r'' | [[:wiktionary: ر|U+0631]] | |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڑےࣿ }}</span><br>''ṛe'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ڑ]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـڑ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | - | style="font-size:120%;" | - | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|ɽ}} | ''ṛ'' | [[:wiktionary: ڑ|U+0691]] | |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| زےࣿ }}</span><br>''ze'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ز]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـز }} | style="font-size:120%;" | - | style="font-size:120%;" | - | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|z}} | ''z'' | [[:wiktionary: ز|U+0632]] | |-bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ژےࣿ }}</span><br>''že / ǰe'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ژ]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـژ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | - | style="font-size:120%;" | - | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|ʒ}}‍~{{IPAblink|d͡ʒ}}‍ | ''ž / ǰ'' | [[:wiktionary: ز|U+0632]] | Only used in loanwords of Persian and European origin. Can be replaced with letter ''jom'' {{lang|scl| ج }}.<ref name="Dictionary"/> |-bgcolor="#d0dead" | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڙےࣿ }}</span><br>''ẓe'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ڙ]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـڙ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | - | style="font-size:120%;" | - | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|ʐ}} | ''ẓ'' | [[:wiktionary: ڙ|U+0699]] | Unique letter for Shina language. Some Shina literatures and documents use two horizontal lines instead of four dots, use {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| رً }} instead of {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڙ }}. |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| سِین }}</span><br>''siin'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[س]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـس }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـسـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| سـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|s}} | ''s'' | [[:wiktionary: س|U+0633]] | |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| شِین }}</span><br>''šiin'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ش]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـش }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـشـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| شـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|ʃ}} | ''š'' | [[:wiktionary: ش|U+0634]] | |-bgcolor="#d0dead" | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ݜِین }}</span><br>''ṣiin'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ݜ]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـݜ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـݜـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ݜـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|ʂ}} | ''ṣ'' | [[:wiktionary: ڇ|U+0687]] | Unique letter for Shina language. Some Shina literatures and documents use two horizontal lines instead of four dots, use {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| سً }} instead of {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ݜ }}. |-bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| صواد }}</span><br>''swaad'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ص]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـص }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـصـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| صـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|s}} | ''s'' | [[:wiktionary: ص|U+0635]] | Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin. Can be replaced with letter ''siin'' {{lang|scl| س }}.<ref name="Dictionary"/> |-bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ضواد }}</span><br>''zwaad'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ض]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـض }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـضـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ضـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|z}} | ''z'' | [[:wiktionary: ض|U+0636]] | Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin. Can be replaced with letter ''ze'' {{lang|scl| ز }}.<ref name="Dictionary"/> |-bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| طوے }}</span><br>''tooy'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ط]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـط }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـطـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| طـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|t̪}} | ''t'' | [[:wiktionary: ط|U+0637]] | Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin. Can be replaced with letter ''te'' {{lang|scl| ت }}.<ref name="Dictionary"/> |-bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ظوے }}</span><br>''zooy'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ظ]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـظ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـظـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ظـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|z}} | ''z'' | [[:wiktionary: ظ|U+0638]] | Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin. Can be replaced with letter ''ze'' {{lang|scl| ز }}.<ref name="Dictionary"/> |-bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| عَین }}</span><br>''ayn'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ع]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـع }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـعـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| عـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|ʔ}}, ''silent'' | ''-'' | [[:wiktionary: ع|U+0639]] | Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin. Can be replaced with letter ''aliv'' {{lang|scl| ا }}.<ref name="Dictionary"/> |-bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| غَین }}</span><br>''gayn'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[غ]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـغ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـغـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| غـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|ɣ}}~{{IPAblink|ɡ}} | ''g'' | [[:wiktionary: غ|U+063A]] | Only used in loanwords of Arabic and Turkic origin. Can be replaced with letter ''gaaf'' {{lang|scl| گ}}.<ref name="Dictionary"/> |-bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| فےࣿ }}</span><br>''fe / phe'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ف]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـف }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـفـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| فـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|f}}~{{IPAblink|pʰ}} | ''f / ph'' | [[:wiktionary: ف|U+0641]] | Only used in loanwords. Can be replaced with digraph letter ''phe'' {{lang|scl| پھ }}.<ref name="Dictionary"/> |-bgcolor="#d0dead" | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڦےࣿ }}</span><br>''ve'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ڦ]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـڦ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـڦـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڦـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|v}} | ''v'' | [[:wiktionary: ڦ|U+06A6]] | Unique letter for Shina language. Some Shina literatures and documents use two horizontal lines instead of four dots, use {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڡً }} instead of {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڦ }}. |-bgcolor="#FFEFD5" | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| قاف }}</span><br>''qaaf / kaaf'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ق]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـق }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـقـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| قـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|q}}~{{IPAblink|k}} | ''q / k'' | [[:wiktionary: ق|U+0642]] | Only used in loanwords of Arabic and Turkic origin. Can be replaced with letter ''kaaf'' {{lang|scl| ک }}.<ref name="Dictionary"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| کاف }}</span><br>''kaaf'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ک]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـک }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـکـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| کـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|k}} | ''k'' | [[:wiktionary: ک|U+0643]] | |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| گاف }}</span><br>''gaaf'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[گ]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـگ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـگـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| گـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|ɡ}} | ''g'' | [[:wiktionary: گ|U+06AF]] | |-bgcolor="#d0dead" | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڱاف / گاف گُنَہ }}</span><br>''ngaaf / gaaf gunna'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڱ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـڱ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـڱـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڱـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ŋ/}} | ''ng'' | [[:wiktionary: ڱ|U+06B1]] | Unique letter for Kohistani Shina language.<ref name="Primer1"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| لام }}</span><br>''laam'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[ل]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـل }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـلـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| لـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|l}} | ''l'' | [[:wiktionary: ل|U+0644]] | |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| مِیم }}</span><br>''miim'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| [[م]] }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـم }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـمـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| مـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|m}} | ''m'' | [[:wiktionary: م|U+0645]] | |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| نُون }}</span><br>''n'' {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| پھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـپھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـپھـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| پھـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|◌ʰ|pʰ}} | ''ph'' | [[:wiktionary: پ|U+067E]]<br>and<br>[[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]] | A [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]], counted as a letter.<ref name="Primer1"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| تھےࣿ }}</span><br>''the'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| تھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـتھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـتھـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| تھـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|◌ʰ|t̪ʰ}} | ''th'' | [[:wiktionary: ت|U+062A]]<br>and<br>[[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]] | A [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]], counted as a letter.<ref name="Primer1"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ٹھےࣿ }}</span><br>''ṭhe'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ٹھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـٹھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـٹھـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ٹھـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|◌ʰ|ʈʰ}} | ''ṭh'' | [[:wiktionary: ٹ|U+0679]]<br>and<br>[[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]] | A [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]], counted as a letter.<ref name="Primer1"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| جھوࣿم }}</span><br>''ǰhom'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| جھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـجھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـجھـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| جھـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|◌ʰ|d͡ʒʱ}} | ''ǰh'' | [[:wiktionary: ج|U+062C]] <br>and<br>[[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]] | A [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]], counted as a letter.<ref name="Primer1"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| چھےࣿ }}</span><br>''čhe'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| چھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـچھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـچھـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| چھـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|◌ʰ|t͡ʃʰ}} | ''čh'' | [[:wiktionary: چ|U+0686]]<br>and<br>[[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]] | A [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]], counted as a letter.<ref name="Primer1"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| څھےࣿ }}</span><br>''tshe'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| څھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـڅھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـڅھـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| څھـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|◌ʰ|t͡sʰ}} | ''tsh'' | [[:wiktionary: څ|U+0685]]<br>and<br>[[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]] | A [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]], counted as a letter.<ref name="Primer1"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڇھےࣿ }}</span><br>''c̣he'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڇھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـڇھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـڇھـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڇھـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|◌ʰ|ʈ͡ʂʰ}} | ''c̣h'' | [[:wiktionary: ڇ|U+0687]]<br>and<br>[[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]] | A [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]], counted as a letter.<ref name="Primer1"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| دھےࣿ }}</span><br>''dhe'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| دھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـدھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـدھـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| دھـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|◌ʰ|d̪ʱ}} | ''dh'' | [[:wiktionary: د|U+062F]]<br>and<br>[[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]] | A [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]], counted as a letter.<ref name="Primer1"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڈھےࣿ }}</span><br>''ḍhe'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڈھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـڈھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـڈھـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڈھـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|◌ʰ|ɖʱ}} | ''ḍh'' | [[:wiktionary: ڈ|U+0688]]<br>and<br>[[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]] | A [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]], counted as a letter.<ref name="Primer1"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| رھےࣿ }}</span><br>''rhe'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| رھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـرھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـرھـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| رھـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|◌ʰ|rʱ}} | ''rh'' | [[:wiktionary: ر|U+0631]]<br>and<br>[[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]] | A [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]], counted as a letter.<ref name="Primer1"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| زھےࣿ }}</span><br>''zhe'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| زھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـزھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـزھـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| زھـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|◌ʰ|zʱ}} | ''zh'' | [[:wiktionary: ز|U+0632]]<br>and<br>[[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]] | A [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]], counted as a letter.<ref name="Primer1"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڙھےࣿ }}</span><br>''ẓhe'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڙھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـڙھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـڙھـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ڙھـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|◌ʰ|zʱ}} | ''ẓh'' | [[:wiktionary: ڙ|U+0699]]<br>and<br>[[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]] | A [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]], counted as a letter.<ref name="Primer1"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| کھےࣿ }}</span><br>''khe'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| کھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـکھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـکھـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| کھـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|◌ʰ|kʰ}} | ''kh'' | [[:wiktionary: ک|U+0643]]<br>and<br>[[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]] | A [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]], counted as a letter.<ref name="Primer1"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| گھےࣿ }}</span><br>''ghe'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| گھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـگھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـگھـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| گھـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|◌ʰ|ɡʱ}} | ''gh'' | [[:wiktionary: گ|U+06AF]]<br>and<br>[[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]] | A [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]], counted as a letter.<ref name="Primer1"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| لھےࣿ }}</span><br>''lhe'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| لھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـلھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـلھـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| لھـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|◌ʰ|lʱ}} | ''lh'' | [[:wiktionary: ل|U+0644]]<br>and<br>[[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]] | A [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]], counted as a letter.<ref name="Primer1"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| مھےࣿ }}</span><br>''mhe'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| مھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـمھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـمھـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| مھـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|◌ʰ|mʱ}} | ''mh'' | [[:wiktionary: م|U+0645]]<br>and<br>[[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]] | A [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]], counted as a letter.<ref name="Primer1"/> |- | style="white-space:nowrap" | <span style="font-size:80%;"> {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| نھےࣿ }}</span><br>''nhe'' | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| نھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـنھ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| ـنھـ }} | style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|scl| نھـ }} | style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPAblink|◌ʰ|nʱ}} | ''nh'' | [[:wiktionary: ن|U+0646]]<br>and<br>[[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]] | A [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]], counted as a letter.<ref name="Primer1"/> |} ==== Vokal ==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; !colspan=5| Vokal di pangkal kata |- ! a || e || i || o || u |-dir="rtl" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|اَ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|ایࣿـ / اےࣿ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|اِ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|اوࣿ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|اُ}}</span> |- !colspan=5| Vokal di tongah kata |-dir="rtl" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|ـَ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|یࣿـ / ـیࣿـ }}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|ـِ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|وࣿ / ـوࣿ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|ـُ}}</span> |- !colspan=5| Vokal di uncuk kata |-dir="rtl" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|◌َہ / ـَہ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|ےࣿ / ـےࣿ }}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ِہ / ـِہ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|وࣿ / ـوࣿ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ُہ / ـُہ}}</span> |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; !colspan=5| Vokal di pangkal kata |- ! aa || ee || ii || oo || uu |-dir="rtl" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|آ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|ایـ / اے}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|اِیـ / اِی}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|او}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|اُو}}</span> |- !colspan=5| Vokal di tongah kata |-dir="rtl" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|ا / ـا}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|یـ / ـیـ }}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ِیـ / ـِیـ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|و / ـو}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ُو / ـُو}}</span> |- !colspan=5| Vokal di uncuk kata |-dir="rtl" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|ا / ـا}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|ے / ـے}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ِی / ـِی}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|و / ـو}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ُو / ـُو}}</span> |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; !colspan=5| Vokal di pangkal kata |- ! aá || eé || ií || oó || uú |-dir="rtl" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|آٗ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|ایٗـ / اےٗ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|اِیٗـ / اِیٗ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|اوٗ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|اُوٗ}}</span> |- !colspan=5| Vokal di tongah kata |-dir="rtl" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|اٗ / ـاٗ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|یٗـ / ـیٗـ }}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ِیٗـ / ـِیٗـ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|وٗ / ـوٗ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ُوٗ / ـُوٗ}}</span> |- !colspan=5| Vokal di uncuk kata |-dir="rtl" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|اٗ / ـاٗ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|ےٗ / ـےٗ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ِیٗ / ـِی}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|وٗ / ـوٗ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ُوٗ / ـُوٗ}}</span> |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; !colspan=5| Vokal di pangkal kata |- ! áa || ée || íi || óo || úu |-dir="rtl" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|آٰ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|ایٰـ / اےٰ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|اِیٰـ / اِیٰ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|اوٰ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|اُوٰ}}</span> |- !colspan=5| Vokal di tongah kata |-dir="rtl" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|اٰ / ـاٰ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|یٰـ / ـیٰـ }}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ِیٰـ / ـِیٰـ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|وٰ / ـوٰ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ُوٰ / ـُوٰ}}</span> |- !colspan=5| Vokal di uncuk kata |-dir="rtl" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|اٰ / ـاٰ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|ےٰ / ـےٰ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ِیٰ / ـِیٰ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|وٰ / ـوٰ}}</span> | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.15;">{{Script/Arabic|◌ُوٰ / ـُوٰ}}</span> |- |} == Cuntuh Tulisan == * '''[[Huruf Hijaiyah|Arab]]''' <div dir="rtl"><span style="font-size:130%;line-height:1.35;">{{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|اَساٰ ایࣿک سَنِیٰلو گوٰݜ پَشیٰس. اَساٰ دَہِیٰلو گوٰݜ پَشیٰس. گوٰݜ جیٰجِہ دَہِیٰلوࣿ لیٰل بِیٰنوࣿ. گوٰݜ وَزِیٗ نَہ دِتوباٰلو.}}}} </span></div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Asáa ek saníilo góoṣ pašées. Asáa dahíilo góoṣ pašées. Góoṣ jéeji dahíilo léel bíino. Góoṣ wazií na ditobáalo.''}} * '''[[Basa Kumoring|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''Sikam ngaliyak lombahan say kok radu tiguway. Sikam ngaliyak lombahan sina mutung. Lombahan sina pocakna kona suwah. Lombahan sina mak mungkin rubuh unyin.''}} == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} [[Kaban:Basa]] 1eaoo1pwel5jkmobhi4z7ihsbym124w 0 703 38168 35069 2026-06-20T20:10:50Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38168 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Basa| | Golar = Tajik | Golar Asli = Тоҷикӣ | Golar Asli Transliterasi = Tojikī | Gambar = [[Bondol:%22Tajik%22,_written_in_Cyrillic_(T%D0%BE%D2%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D3%A3)_and_Nastaliq_(%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C).svg|500px|thumb|'''Tajik''' dilom rua huruf]] | Nagara = [[Bondol:Flag of Tajikistan.svg|25px|border]] [[Tajikistan]] | Pok = [[Asia Tengah|Asia Tongah]] | Jumlah Panutur = 10 juta jiwa | Sistim Panulisan = [[Alfabet Sirilik]], [[Abjad Arab-Persia|Arab]] | Status = Lokok tipakai | Etnis = [[Jolma Tajik]] | Dialek = Madaklashti<br>Bukhoro (Yahudi Tajik) | Kaluwarga Bahasa = 1. [[Rumpun Bahasa Indo-Eropa|Indo-Eropa]]<br>2. [[Rumpun Bahasa Indo-Iran|Indo-Iran]]<br>3. [[Bahasa Persia]]<br>4. [[Bahasa Tajik]] | Bahasa say Tikahik = [[Bahasa Persia|Persia]], [[Bahasa Dari|Dari]] }} '''Basa Tajik''' atawa '''Тоҷикӣ (Tojikī)''' dilom Basa Tajik ho diwik joda da salah osay basa say bukarabat rik [[Bahasa Persia]], say dituturko di nagara [[Tajikistan]].<ref name="RIA-RU">[https://ria.ru/culture/20091022/190107839.html ''The status of the Russian language in Tajikistan remains unchanged – Rahmon''] RIA – RIA.ru (2009) [https://web.archive.org/web/20161002141721/https://ria.ru/culture/20091022/190107839.html lokok aktif]</ref><ref name="lenta.ru/news/2011/06/09">[http://lenta.ru/news/2011/06/09/russian ''В Таджикистане русскому языку вернули прежний статус''] Lenta.ru [https://web.archive.org/web/20130905014016/http://lenta.ru/news/2011/06/09/russian/ lokok aktif]</ref><ref name=Ido>Shinji ldo. [http://ebooks.cn.com/study-list/shinji-ido-tajik_r0sc.html Tajik]. Published by UN COM GmbH 2005 (LINCOM EUROPA)</ref><ref>Lazard, Gilbert (1975), ''The Rise of the New Persian Language''.</ref><ref>in Frye, R.&nbsp;N., ''The Cambridge History of Iran'', Vol. 4, pp. 595–632, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</ref><ref name="EI">[[Frye, R.&nbsp;N.]], "Darī", ''[[The Encyclopaedia of Islam]]'', Brill Publications, CD version</ref><ref>[[Richard Foltz]], ''A History of the Tajiks: Iranians of the East'', London: [[Bloomsbury]], 2nd ed., 2023, pp. 2–5.</ref><ref>Studies pertaining to the association between Tajik and Persian include Amanova (1991), Kozlov (1949), Lazard (1970), Rozenfel'd (1961) and Wei-Mintz (1962). The following papers/presentations focus on specific aspects of Tajik and their historical modern Persian counterparts: Cejpek (1956), Jilraev (1962), Lorenz (1961, 1964), Murav'eva (1956), Murav'eva and Rubinl!ik (1959), Ostrovskij (1973) and Sadeghi (1991).</ref><ref>Lazard, G. 1989</ref><ref>Halimov 1974: 30–31</ref><ref>Oafforov 1979: 33</ref><ref>Windfuhr, Gernot. "Persian and Tajik." The Iranian Languages. New York, NY: Routledge, 2009. 423.</ref> == Huruf == ==== Sirilik ==== {| cellpadding=4 style="font-size:large; text-align:center;" summary="Thirty four letters of the Tajik Cyrillic alphabet, capital and lowercase" align=center |+ style="font-size:smaller;" | '''Alfabet Sirilik Tajik''' |- | {{lang|tg-Cyrl|А а}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|Б б}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|В в}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|Г г}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|Ғ ғ}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|Д д}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|Е е}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|Ё ё}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|Ж ж}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|З з}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|И и}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|Ӣ ӣ}} || |- | {{lang|tg-Cyrl|а}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|бе}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|ве}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|ге}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|ғе}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|де}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|е (йэ)}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|ё (йо)}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|же}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|зе}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|и}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|и-и заданок}} || |- | | {{IPA|/æ/}} || {{IPA|/b/}} || {{IPA|/v/}} || {{IPA|/ɡ/}} || {{IPA|/ʁ/}} || {{IPA|/d/}} || {{IPA|/eː/}} || {{IPA|/jɔː/}} || {{IPA|/ʒ/}} || {{IPA|/z/}} || {{IPA|/i/}} || {{IPA|/ˈi/}} |- | {{lang|tg-Cyrl|Й й}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|К к}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|Қ қ}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|Л л}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|М м}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|Н н}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|О о}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|П п}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|Р р}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|С с}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|Т т}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|У у}} || |- | {{lang|tg-Cyrl|йи, и-и кӯтоҳ}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|ке}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|қе}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|ле}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|ме}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|не}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|о}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|пе}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|ре}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|се}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|те}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|у}} || |- | {{IPA|/j/}} || {{IPA|/k/}} || {{IPA|/q/}} || {{IPA|/l/}} || {{IPA|/m/}} || {{IPA|/n/}} || {{IPA|/ɔː/}} || {{IPA|/p/}} || {{IPA|/ɾ/}} || {{IPA|/s/}} || {{IPA|/t/}} || {{IPA|/u/}} |-class=unicode | {{lang|tg-Cyrl|Ӯ ӯ}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|Ф ф}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|Х х}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|Ҳ ҳ}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|Ч ч}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|Ҷ ҷ}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|Ш ш}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|Ъ ъ}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|Э э}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|Ю ю}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|Я я}} |- | {{lang|tg-Cyrl|ӯ}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|фе}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|хе}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|ҳе}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|че}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|ҷе}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|ше}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|аломати сакта}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|э}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|ю (йу)}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|я (йа)}} |- | | {{IPA|/ɵː/}} || {{IPA|/f/}} || {{IPA|/χ/}} || {{IPA|/h/}} || {{IPA|/tʃ/}} || {{IPA|/dʒ/}} || {{IPA|/ʃ/}} || {{IPA|/ʔ/}} || {{IPA|/eː/}} || {{IPA|/ju/}} || {{IPA|/jæ/}} |} ==== Latin ==== {| cellpadding=4 style="font-size:large; text-align:center;" summary="Thirty letters of the Tajik Latin script, capital and lowercase" align=center |+ style="font-size:smaller;" | '''Alfabet Latin Tajik''' |- | {{lang|tg-Latn|A a|italic=no}} || {{lang|tg-Latn|B ʙ|italic=no}} || {{lang|tg-Latn|C c|italic=no}} || {{lang|tg-Latn|Ç ç|italic=no}} || {{lang|tg-Latn|D d|italic=no}} || {{lang|tg-Latn|E e|italic=no}} || {{lang|tg-Latn|F f|italic=no}} || {{lang|tg-Latn|G g|italic=no}} || {{lang|tg-Latn|Ƣ ƣ|italic=no}} || {{lang|tg-Latn|H h|italic=no}} || {{lang|tg-Latn|I i|italic=no}} |- | {{IPA|/æ/}} || {{IPA|/b/}} || {{IPA|/tʃ/}} || {{IPA|/dʒ/}} || {{IPA|/d/}} || {{IPA|/eː/}} || {{IPA|/f/}} || {{IPA|/ɡ/}} || {{IPA|/ʁ/}} || {{IPA|/h/}} || {{IPA|/i/}} |- | {{lang|tg-Latn|Ī ī|italic=no}} || {{lang|tg-Latn|J j|italic=no}} || {{lang|tg-Latn|K k|italic=no}} || {{lang|tg-Latn|L l|italic=no}} || {{lang|tg-Latn|M m|italic=no}} || {{lang|tg-Latn|N n|italic=no}} || {{lang|tg-Latn|O o|italic=no}} || {{lang|tg-Latn|P p|italic=no}} || {{lang|tg-Latn|Q q|italic=no}} || {{lang|tg-Latn|R r|italic=no}} || {{lang|tg-Latn|S s|italic=no}} |- | {{IPA|/ˈi/}} || {{IPA|/j/}} || {{IPA|/k/}} || {{IPA|/l/}} || {{IPA|/m/}} || {{IPA|/n/}} || {{IPA|/ɔː/}} || {{IPA|/p/}} || {{IPA|/q/}} || {{IPA|/ɾ/}} || {{IPA|/s/}} |- | {{lang|tg-Latn|Ş ş|italic=no}} || {{lang|tg-Latn|T t|italic=no}} || {{lang|tg-Latn|U u|italic=no}} || {{lang|tg-Latn|Ū ū|italic=no}} || {{lang|tg-Latn|V v|italic=no}} || {{lang|tg-Latn|X x|italic=no}} || {{lang|tg-Latn|Z z|italic=no}} || {{lang|tg-Latn|Ƶ ƶ|italic=no}} || ʼ |- | {{IPA|/ʃ/}} || {{IPA|/t/}} || {{IPA|/u/}} || {{IPA|/ɵː/}} || {{IPA|/v/}} || {{IPA|/χ/}} || {{IPA|/z/}} || {{IPA|/ʒ/}} || {{IPA|/ʔ/}} |} ==== Arab ==== {| cellpadding=4 style="font-size:large; text-align: center;" summary="Thirty two letters of the Tajik Arabic alphabet, capital and lowercase" align=center |+ style="font-size:smaller;" | '''Abjad Arab Tajik''' |- | {{lang|tg-Arab|ذ}} || {{lang|tg-Arab|د}} || {{lang|tg-Arab|خ}} || {{lang|tg-Arab|ح}} || {{lang|tg-Arab|چ}} || {{lang|tg-Arab|ج}} || {{lang|tg-Arab|ث}} || {{lang|tg-Arab|ت}} || {{lang|tg-Arab|پ}} || {{lang|tg-Arab|ب}} || {{lang|tg-Arab|ا}} |- | {{IPA|/z/}} || {{IPA|/d/}} || {{IPA|/χ/}} || {{IPA|/h/}} || {{IPA|/tʃ/}} || {{IPA|/dʒ/}} || {{IPA|/s/}} || {{IPA|/t/}} || {{IPA|/p/}} || {{IPA|/b/}} || {{IPA|/ɔː/}} |- | {{lang|tg-Arab|غ}} || {{lang|tg-Arab|ع}} || {{lang|tg-Arab|ظ}} || {{lang|tg-Arab|ط}} || {{lang|tg-Arab|ض}} || {{lang|tg-Arab|ص}} || {{lang|tg-Arab|ش}} || {{lang|tg-Arab|س}} || {{lang|tg-Arab|ژ}} || {{lang|tg-Arab|ز}} || {{lang|tg-Arab|ر}} |- | {{IPA|/ʁ/}} || {{IPA|/ʔ/}} || {{IPA|/z/}} || {{IPA|/t/}} || {{IPA|/z/}} || {{IPA|/s/}} || {{IPA|/ʃ/}} || {{IPA|/s/}} || {{IPA|/ʒ/}} || {{IPA|/z/}} || {{IPA|/ɾ/}} |- | || {{lang|tg-Arab|ی}} || {{lang|tg-Arab|ه}} || {{lang|tg-Arab|و}} || {{lang|tg-Arab|ن}} || {{lang|tg-Arab|م}} || {{lang|tg-Arab|ل}} || {{lang|tg-Arab|گ}} || {{lang|tg-Arab|ک}} || {{lang|tg-Arab|ف}} || {{lang|tg-Arab|ق}} |- | || {{IPA|/j/}} || {{IPA|/h/}} || {{IPA|/v/}} || {{IPA|/n/}} || {{IPA|/m/}} || {{IPA|/l/}} || {{IPA|/ɡ/}} || {{IPA|/k/}} || {{IPA|/f/}} || {{IPA|/q/}} |} ==== Ibrani ==== {| cellpadding=4 style="font-size: large; text-align: center;" summary="Thirty two letters of the Tajik Arabic alphabet, capital and lowercase" |+ style="font-size: smaller;" | '''Abjad Ibrani Tajik''' |- | גׄ ||{{lang|tg-Hebr|ג׳}}||{{lang|tg-Hebr| ג}} || {{lang|tg-Hebr|גּ }} || {{lang|tg-Hebr|בּ }} || {{lang|tg-Hebr| ב}} || {{lang|tg-Hebr|אֵי}}||{{lang|tg-Hebr|אִי}}||{{lang|tg-Hebr|אוּ}} || {{lang|tg-Hebr|אוֹ}}||{{lang|tg-Hebr|אָ }} || {{lang|tg-Hebr|אַ}} |- | {{IPA|/dʒ/}} || {{IPA|/tʃ/}} || {{IPA|/ʁ/}} || {{IPA|/ɡ/}} || {{IPA|/b/}} || {{IPA|/v/}} || {{IPA|/e/}} || {{IPA|/i/}} || {{IPA|/u/}} || {{IPA|/ɵ/}} || {{IPA|/ɔ/}} || {{IPA|/a/}} |- | {{lang|tg-Hebr|מ ם}} || {{lang|tg-Hebr|ל }} || {{lang|tg-Hebr|כּ ךּ }} || {{lang|tg-Hebr|כ ך}} || {{lang|tg-Hebr| י}} || {{lang|tg-Hebr|טּ }} || {{lang|tg-Hebr|ט }} || {{lang|tg-Hebr|ח }} || {{lang|tg-Hebr|ז׳}}||{{lang|tg-Hebr|ז }} || {{lang|tg-Hebr|ו }} || {{lang|tg-Hebr|ה }} || {{lang|tg-Hebr|דּ}} || {{lang|tg-Hebr|ד}} |- | {{IPA|/m/}} || {{IPA|/l/}} || {{IPA|/k/}} || {{IPA|/χ/}} || {{IPA|/j/}} || {{IPA|/t/}} || {{IPA|/s/}} || {{IPA|/ħ/}} || {{IPA|/ʒ/}} || {{IPA|/z/}} || {{IPA|/v/}} || {{IPA|/h/}} || {{IPA|/d/}} || {{IPA|/z/}} |- | {{lang|tg-Hebr|תּ |}} || {{lang|tg-Hebr|ת |}} || {{lang|tg-Hebr|שׂ }} || {{lang|tg-Hebr|שׁ }} || {{lang|tg-Hebr| ר}} || {{lang|tg-Hebr| ק}} || {{lang|tg-Hebr|צ ץ}} || {{lang|tg-Hebr|פּ ףּ }} || {{lang|tg-Hebr|פ ף}} || {{lang|tg-Hebr|ע }} || {{lang|tg-Hebr|ס }} || {{lang|tg-Hebr|נ ן}} |- | {{IPA|/t/}} || {{IPA|/s/}} || {{IPA|/s/}} || {{IPA|/ʃ/}} || {{IPA|/r/}} || {{IPA|/q/}} || {{IPA|/ts/}} || {{IPA|/p/}} || {{IPA|/f/}} || {{IPA|/ʔ/}} || {{IPA|/s/}} || {{IPA|/n/}} |} {|class="wikitable" |- !Cuntuh Tulisan!!Huruf Sirilik say sasuway |- | <div dir="rtl"> {{lang|tg-Hebr|{{Script/Unyin|דר מוקאבילי זולם איתיפאק נמאייד. מראם נאמה פרוגרמי פירקהי יאש בוכארייאן.}}}} </div> | {{lang|tg-Cyrl|{{Script/Unyin|Дар муқобили зулм иттифоқ намоед. Муромнома – пруграми фирқаи ёш бухориён.}}}}<ref name=Rzehak2001/> |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Sirilik ! Latin ! Latin Modern ! Parsiya ! [[Alfabet Fonetis Internasional|IPA]] ! Cuntuh |- align="center" | А а | A a | A a | اَ، ـَ، ـَه | {{IPA|/a/}} | санг ''sang'' سَنگ {{IPA|/saŋg/}}'batu' |- align="center" | Б б | B b | B b | ﺏ | {{IPA|/b/}} | барг ''barg'' بَرگ {{IPA|/baɾg/}}'bulung' |- align="center" | В в | V v | V v | و | {{IPA|/v/}} | номвар ''nomvar'' نَاموَر {{IPA|/nɔmˈʋaɾ/}}'tikonal' |- align="center" | Г г | G g | G g | گ | {{IPA|/ɡ/}} | гавҳар ''gavhar'' گَوهَر {{IPA|/gaʋˈhaɾ/}}'parmato' |- align="center" | Ғ ғ | Ƣ ƣ | G‘ g‘ | ﻍ | {{IPA|/ʁ/}} | ғор ''g‘or'' غَار {{IPA|/ʁɔɾ/}}'guwo' |- align="center" | Д д | D d | D d | ﺩ | {{IPA|/d/}} | модар ''modar'' مَادَر {{IPA|/mɔˈdaɾ/}}'umak' |- align="center" | Е е | E e | E e | ای، ـی | {{IPA|/e/}} | шер ''sher'' شیر {{IPA|/ʃeɾ/}}'singa' |- align="center" | Ё ё | Jo jo | Yo yo | یا | {{IPA|/jɔ/}} | дарё ''daryo'' دَریَا {{IPA|/daɾˈjɔ/}}'lawok' |- align="center" | Ж ж | Ƶ ƶ | Zh zh | ژ | {{IPA|/ʒ/}} | жола ''zhola'' ژَالَه {{IPA|/ʒɔˈla/}}'imbur' |- align="center" | З з | Z z | Z z | ﺯ، ﺫ، ﺽ، ﻅ | {{IPA|/z/}} | замин ''zamin'' زَمِین {{IPA|/zaˈmin/}}'bumi' |- align="center" | И и | I i, Ji ji | I i, Yi yi | اِ، ـِ، ـِه؛ اِیـ، ـِیـ | {{IPA|/i/}} | Микоил ''Mikoyil'' مِیکَائِیل {{IPA|/mikoˈil/}}'Mika'il' |- align="center" | Ӣ ӣ | Ī ī | Iy iy | ـِی | {{IPA|/í/}} | зебоӣ ''zeboiy'' زیبَائِی {{IPA|/zebɔˈi/}}'lagak' |- align="center" | Й й | J j | Y y | ی | {{IPA|/j/}} | май ''may'' مَی {{IPA|/maj/}}''May'' |- align="center" | К к | K k | K k | ک | {{IPA|/kʰ/}} | кадом ''kadom'' کَدَام {{IPA|/kʰaˈdɔm/}}'say' |- align="center" | Қ қ | Q q | Q q | ﻕ | {{IPA|/q/}} | қадам ''qadam'' قَدَم {{IPA|/qaˈdam/}}'langkah' |- align="center" | Л л | L l | L l | ﻝ | {{IPA|/l/}} | лола ''lola'' لَالَه {{IPA|/lɔˈla/}}'tulip' |- align="center" | М м | M m | M m | ﻡ | {{IPA|/m/}} | марг ''marg'' مَرگ {{IPA|/maɾg/}}'mati' |- align="center" | Н н | N n | N n | ﻥ | {{IPA|/n/}} | нон ''non'' نَان {{IPA|/nɔn/}}'roti' |- align="center" | О о | O o | O o | آ، ـا | {{IPA|/ɔ/}} | орзу ''orzu'' آرزُو {{IPA|/ɔɾˈzu/}}'harap' |- align="center" | П п | P p | P p | پ | {{IPA|/pʰ/}} | панҷ ''panj'' پَنج {{IPA|/pʰandʒ/}}'lima' |- align="center" | Р р | R r | R r | ﺭ | {{IPA|/ɾ/}} | ранг ''rang'' رَنگ {{IPA|/ɾaŋɡ/}}'warna' |- align="center" | С с | S s | S s | ﺱ، ﺙ، ﺹ | {{IPA|/s/}} | сар ''sar'' سَر {{IPA|/saɾ/}}'hulu' |- align="center" | Т т | T t | T t | ﺕ، ﻁ | {{IPA|/tʰ/}} | тоҷик ''tojik'' تَاجِیک {{IPA|/tʰɔˈdʒik/}}'Tajik' |- align="center" | У у | U u | U u | اُ، ـُ؛ اُو، ـُو | {{IPA|/u/}} | дуд ''dud'' دُود {{IPA|/dud/}}'hasok' |- align="center" | Ӯ ӯ | Ū ū | O‘ o‘ | او، ـو | {{IPA|/ɵ/}} | хӯрдан ''xo‘rdan'' خوردَن {{IPA|/χɵɾˈdan/}}'mongan' |- align="center" | Ф ф | F f | F f | ﻑ | {{IPA|/f/}} | фурӯғ ''furo‘g‘'' فُروغ {{IPA|/fuˈɾɵʁ/}}'kilaw' |- align="center" | Х х | X x | X x | ﺥ | {{IPA|/χ/}} | хондан ''xondan'' خوَاندَن {{IPA|/χɔnˈdan/}}'ambaca' |- align="center" | Ҳ ҳ | H h | H h | ﺡ، ه | {{IPA|/h/}} | ҳар ''har'' هَر {{IPA|/haɾ/}}'satiyap' |- align="center" | Ч ч | C c | Ch ch | چ | {{IPA|/tʃʰ/}} | чи ''chi'' چِی {{IPA|/tʃʰi/}}'apiya' |- align="center" | Ҷ ҷ | Ç ç | J j | ﺝ | {{IPA|/dʒ/}} | ҷанг ''jang'' جَنگ {{IPA|/dʒaŋɡ/}}'porang' |- align="center" | Ш ш | Ş ş | Sh sh | ﺵ | {{IPA|/ʃ/}} | шаб ''shab'' شَب {{IPA|/ʃab/}}'dibingi' |- align="center" | Ъ ъ | ' | ’ | ء، ﻉ | {{IPA|/ʔ/}} | таъриф ''ta’rif'' تَعرِیف {{IPA|/tʰaʔˈɾif/}}'definisi' |- align="center" | Э э | E e | E e | ای، ـی | {{IPA|/e/}} | Эрон ''Eron'' ایرَان {{IPA|/eˈɾɔn/}}'Iran' |- align="center" | Ю ю | Ju ju | Yu yu | یُ, یُو | {{IPA|/ju/}} | июн ''iyun'' اِیُون {{IPA|/iˈjun/}}'Juni' |- align="center" | Я я | Ja ja | Ya ya | یَ, یَه | {{IPA|/ja/}} | ягона ''yagona'' یَگَانَه {{IPA|/jaɡɔˈna/}}'unik' |} == Cuntuh Tulisan == ==== UDHR Pasal 1 ==== *'''[[Alfabet Sirilik|Sirilik]]''' {{Quote|Тамоми одамон озод ба дунё меоянд ва аз лиҳози манзилату ҳуқуқ бо ҳам баробаранд. Ҳама соҳиби ақлу виҷдонанд, бояд нисбат ба якдигар бародарвор муносабат намоянд.}} *'''[[Alfabet Sirilik|Sirilik Kursiv]]''' {{Quote|''Тамоми одамон озод ба дунё меоянд ва аз лиҳози манзилату ҳуқуқ бо ҳам баробаранд. Ҳама соҳиби ақлу виҷдонанд, бояд нисбат ба якдигар бародарвор муносабат намоянд.''}} *'''[[Abjad Arab-Persia|Arab]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|تمام آدمان آزاد به دنیا می‌آیند و از لحاظ منزلت و حقوق با هم برابرند. همه صاحب عقل و وجدانند، باید نسبت به یکدیگر برادروار مناسبت نمایند.}}}} </div> {{Quote|''tmạm ậdmạn ậzạd bh dnyạ my̱ ậynd w ạz lḥạẓ mnzlt w ḥqwq bạ hm brạbrnd. hmh ṣḥb ʿql w wjdạnnd, bạyd nsbt bh ykdygr brạdrwạr mnạsbt nmạynd.''}} *'''[[Abjad Ibrani|Ibrani]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|תמאם אדמאן אזאד בה דניא מיאינד ואז לחאז מנזלת וחקוק בא הם בראברנד. המה צאחב עקל וג׳דאננד، באיד נסבת בה יכדיגר בראדרואר מנאסבת נמאינד.}} </div> *'''[[Alfabet Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Tamomi odamon ozod ba dunjo meojand va az lihozi manzilatu huquq bo ham barobarand. Hama sohibi aqlu viçdonand, bojad nisbat ba jakdigar barodarvor munosabat namojand.''}} *'''[[Basa Kumoring|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai goh-goh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.''}} ==Liyak Munih== *[[Bahasa Persia]] *[[Bahasa Dari]] ==Rujukan== {{Reflist}} [[Kaban:Basa]] curjv9mp0wu4e29xesaj5qsy6ykfoi9 0 726 38188 36383 2026-06-20T22:26:05Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = Turkmen | nativename = {{lang|tk-Latn|Türkmençe, Türkmen dili}},<br />{{lang|tk-Cyrl|Түркменче, Түркмен дили}},<br />{{Script/Arabic|تۆرکمن ديلی ,تۆرکمنچه}} | image = Turkmen.svg | imagecaption = Turkmen dilom huruf Latin, Sirilik, rik Arab | states = [[Turkmenistan]], [[Rusia]], [[Iran]], [[Uzbekistan]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Tajikistan]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130116004155/http://stat.tj/en/img/526b8592e834fcaaccec26a22965ea2b_1355502192.pdf Ethnic composition, language and citizenship of the population of the Republic of Tajikistan, Volume III (in Russian)]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-14 |title=Ethnic Turkmen of Tajikistan Preserve Traditions of Their Ancestors |url=https://cabar.asia/en/ethnic-turkmen-of-tajikistan-preserve-traditions-of-their-ancestors |access-date=2024-01-07 |website=CABAR.asia |language=en-GB}}</ref> | speakers = {{sigfig|6,095620|2}} juta | ethnicity = [[Jolma Turkmen]] | date = 2021 | ref = e26 | familycolor = Altaic | fam1 = [[Rumpun basa Turkik|Turkik]] | fam2 = [[Rumpun basa Turkik Umum|Turkik Umum]] | fam3 = [[Rumpun basa Oghuz|Oghuz]] | fam4 = [[Rumpun basa Oghuz|Darak]] | dia1 = [[Basa Trukhmen|Türkpen]] | script = [[Huruf Latin|Latin]] ([[Huruf Turkmen]], resmi di Turkmenistan), [[Huruf Hijaiyah|Arab]], [[Huruf Sirilik|Sirilik]]<br />[[Braille Rusia#Huruf tambahan|Braille Turkmen]] | map = Turkmen language map.png | mapcaption = Sobaran basa Turkmen di Asia Tongah | nation = [[Turkmenistan]] | minority = | iso1 = tk | iso2 = tuk | iso3 = tuk | glotto = turk1304 | glottorefname = Turkmen | lingua = Part of [[Oghuz languages|44-AAB-a]] | notice = IPA }} '''Basa Turkmen''' joda da basa rumpun Turki say dituturko [[Jolma Turkmen]] di nagara [[Turkmenistan]].<ref>[https://turkmenportal.com/compositions/39 ''Where and how do the Turkmens abroad live? (In Russia)''] Information Portal of Turkmenistan</ref><ref>Joshua Project [https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/15654/PK ''Turkmen in Pakistan''] joshuaproject.net dilom [[Bahasa Inggris]]</ref><ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/tuk ''Turkmen''] Ethnologue dilom [[Bahasa Inggris]]</ref> ==Huruf== ====Latin rik Sirilik==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Huruf ! Golar ! [[Alfabet Fonetis Internasional|IPA]] ! Sirilik ! Huruf ! Golar ! [[Alfabet Fonetis Internasional|IPA]] ! Sirilik |- | [[A]], a | a | {{IPA|/ɑ, ɑː/}} | А, а | [[N]], n | en | {{IPA|/n/}} | Н, н |- | [[B]], b | be | {{IPA|/b/}} | Б, б | [[Ň]], ň | eň | {{IPA|/ŋ/}} | Ң, ң |- | [[Ç]], ç | çe | {{IPA|/tʃ/}} | Ч, ч | [[O]], o | o | {{IPA|/o, oː/}} | О, о |- | [[D]], d | de | {{IPA|/d/}} | Д, д | [[Ö]], ö | ö | {{IPA|/ø, øː/}} | Ө, ө |- | [[E]], e | e | {{IPA|/e/}} | Е, е / Э, э | [[P]], p | pe | {{IPA|/p/}} | П, п |- | [[Ä]], ä | ä | {{IPA|/æ, æː/}} | Ә, ә | [[R]], r | er | {{IPA|/ɾ/}} | Р, р |- | [[F]], f | fe | {{IPA|/ɸ/}} | Ф, ф | [[S]], s | es | {{IPA|/s/}} | С, с |- | [[G]], g | ge | {{IPA|/ɡ/}} | Г, г | [[Ş]], ş | şe | {{IPA|/ʃ/}} | Ш, ш |- | [[H]], h | he | {{IPA|/h, x/}} | Х, х | [[T]], t | te | {{IPA|/t/}} | Т, т |- | [[I]], i | i | {{IPA|/i, iː/}} | И, и | [[U]], u | u | {{IPA|/u, uː/}} | У, у |- | [[J]], j | je | {{IPA|/dʒ/}} | Җ, җ | [[Ü]], ü | ü | {{IPA|/y, yː/}} | Ү, ү |- | [[Ž]], ž | že | {{IPA|/ʒ/}} | Ж, ж | [[W]], w | we | {{IPA|/β/}} | В, в |- | [[K]], k | ka | {{IPA|/k/}} | К, к | [[Y]], y | y | {{IPA|/ɯ, ɯː/}} | Ы, ы |- | [[L]], l | el | {{IPA|/l̪/}} | Л, л | [[Ý]], ý | ýe | {{IPA|/j/}} | Й, й |- | [[M]], m | em | {{IPA|/m/}} | М, м | [[Z]], z | ze | {{IPA|/z/}} | З, з |} ====Arab==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" !colspan=2| !colspan=2|Buntor !colspan=4|Mak Buntor |- !colspan=2| ! Tikobok ! Tibukak !colspan=3|Tikobok !colspan=2|Tibukak |- !rowspan=3|Buri<Br>یوْغیٛن چِکیمی سِس‌لِر<Br>ýogyn çekimli sesler ! Arab | <big>اوُ / وُ</big> | <big>اوْ / وْ</big> |colspan=2| <big>ایٛ / یٛ</big> |colspan=2| <big>آ / ‍ـا</big> |- !Latin |U u |O o |colspan=2|Y y |colspan=2|A a |- !IPA |[u] |[o] |colspan=2|[ɯ] |colspan=2|[ɑ] |- !rowspan=3|Mukak<Br>اینچه چِکیمی سِس‌لِر<Br>inçe çekimli sesler !Arab | <big>اۆ / ۆ</big> | <big>اؤ / ؤ</big> |colspan=1| <big>ای / ی</big> |colspan=2| <big>اِ / ـِ / ه</big> | <big>أ / ـأ</big> |- !Latin | Ü ü | Ö ö |colspan=1| I i |colspan=2|E e |Ä ä |- !IPA | [y] | [ø] |colspan=1| [i] |colspan=2|[ɛ] |[æ] |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" !No. ! Huruf ! Sataraf Latin ! IPA ! Cuntuh ! Panyabduwan Latin ! Horti |- |1 ||<big>ب</big> ||B b ||[b]||باش||Baş||Hulu |- |2 ||<big>پ</big> ||P p ||[p]||پالتا ||Palta ||Kapak |- |3 ||<big>ت</big> ||T t ||[t̪]||تانا||Tana||Anak sapi |- |4 ||<big>ث</big> ||S s ||[s]||ثمر ||Semer||Kauntungan |- |5 ||<big>ج</big> ||J j ||[dʒ]||آجیٛ||Ajy||Pahik |- |6 ||<big>چ</big> ||Ç ç ||[tʃ]||چکیچ||Çekiç||Pukul |- |7 ||<big>ح</big> ||H h ||[h~x]||حو‌ْراز||Horaz||Sisu jaguk |- |8 ||<big>خ</big> ||H h ||[x]||آخ||Ah||Ah |- |9 ||<big>د</big> ||D d ||[d̪]||داغ||Dag||Gunung |- |10 ||<big>ذ</big> ||Z z ||[z]||ذلیل||Zelil||Tipaliyomko |- |11 ||<big>ر</big> ||R r ||[ɾ~r]||بارماق||Barmak||Jari |- |12 ||<big>ز</big> ||Z z ||[z]||آز||Az |Cutik |- |13 ||<big>ژ</big> ||Ž ž ||[ʒ]||آژدار||Aždar||Naga |- |14 ||<big>س</big> ||S s ||[s]||سن||Sen||Niku (posay) |- |15 ||<big>ش</big> ||Ş ş ||[ʃ]||آشاق||Aşak||Rogoh |- |16 ||<big>ص</big> ||S s ||[s]||صنم||Senem||Golar Sangajolmaan |- |17 ||<big>ض</big> ||Z z ||[z]||ضرر||Zerer||Kalobonan |- |18 ||<big>ط</big> ||T t ||[t̪]||حاط||Hat||Garis / Huruf |- |19 ||<big>ظ</big> ||Z z ||[z]||ظالم||Zalym |Tiran/Bongis |- |20 ||<big>ع</big> ||N/A ||[ʔ]||عزیز||Eziz||Sayang |- |21 ||<big>غ</big> ||G g ||[ɣ~ʁ]||باغ||Bag||Kobun/Taman |- |22 ||<big>ف</big> ||F f ||[ɸ]||نفس||Nefes||Hongas/Nafas |- |rowspan="2"|23 |rowspan="2"|<big>ق </big> |G g||[ɡ~ɢ]||قارا||Gara||Halom |- |K k ||[k~q]||قاقا||Kaka||Ubak |- |24 ||<big>ك / ک</big> ||K k ||[k]||کر||Ker||Tulok |- |25 ||<big>گ</big> ||G g ||[ɡ~ɢ]||گل||Gel||Ratong! |- |26 ||<big>ل</big> ||L l ||[l~ɫ]||لال||Lal||Bisu |- |27 ||<big>م</big> ||M m ||[m]||من||Men||Nyak |- |28 ||<big>ن</big> ||N n ||[n]||نار||Nar||Buwah Dalimo |- |29 ||<big>نگ</big> ||Ň ň ||[ŋ~ɴ]||منگ||Meň||Hidong |- |30 ||<big>و</big> ||W w ||[β]||آو||Aw||Buburu |- |31 ||<big>ه / هـ</big> ||H h ||[h]||هانی||Hany||Dipa ina? |- |32 ||<big>ی</big> ||Ý ý ||[j]||یاز||Ýaz||Musim Somi |} ==Cuntuh Tulisan== ===UDHR pasal 1=== *'''[[Alfabet Latin|Latin (1999-Ganta)]]''' {{Quote|''Hemme adamlar öz mertebesi we hukuklary boýunça deň ýagdaýda dünýä inýärler. Olara aň hem wyždan berlendir we olar bir-birleri bilen doganlyk ruhundaky garaýyşda bolmalydyrlar.''}} *'''[[Huruf Hijaiyah|Huruf Arab Standar Turkmen]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|همَه آداملار او‌ٔز مرتبسی و حوقوقلری بوْیوُنچا دنگ یاقدایدا دۆنیا اینیألر. اوْلارا آنگ هم وجدان بەرلەندیر و اولار بیر-بیرلری بیلن دوقانلیٛک روُحُنداکیٛ قاراییٛشدا بوْلمالیٛدیٛرلار.}}}} </div> *'''[[Alfabet Latin|Latin (1993-1999)]]''' {{Quote|''Hemme adamlar öz mertebesi we hukuklary boÿunça deñ ÿagdaÿda dünÿä inÿärler. Olara añ hem wyſdan berlendir we olar bir-birleri bilen doganlyk ruhundaky garaÿy¢da bolmalydyrlar.''}} *'''[[Alfabet Latin|Latin (1992-1993)]]''' {{Quote|''Hemme adamlar qz mertebesi we hukuklarx boyunca deng yagdayda dvnyea inyearler. Olara ang hem wxjhdan berlendir we olar bir-birleri bilen doganlxk ruhundakx garayxshda bolmalxdxrlar.''}} *'''[[Alfabet Sirilik|Sirilik]]''' {{Quote|Хемме адамлар өз мертебеси ве хукуклары боюнча дең ягдайда дүнйә инйәрлер. Олара аң хем выждан берлендир ве олар бир-бирлери билен доганлык рухундакы гарайышда болмалыдырлар.}} *'''[[Alfabet Sirilik|Sirilik Kursiv]]''' {{Quote|''Хемме адамлар өз мертебеси ве хукуклары боюнча дең ягдайда дүнйә инйәрлер. Олара аң хем выждан берлендир ве олар бир-бирлери билен доганлык рухундакы гарайышда болмалыдырлар.''}} *'''[[Alfabet Latin|Latin (1927-1940)]]''' {{Quote|''Hemme adamlar өz merteʙesi ve hukuklarь ʙojunca deꞑ jagdajda dynjә injәrler. Olara aꞑ hem vьƶdan ʙerlendir ve olar ʙir-ʙirleri ʙilen doganlьk ruhundakь garajьşda ʙolmalьdьrlar.''}} *'''[[Alfabet Latin|Huruf Turki Umum]]''' {{Quote|''Hemme adamlar öz mertebesi ve xuquqları boyunça deñ yağdayda dünyä inyärler. Olara añ hem vıjdan berlendir ve olar bir-birleri bilen doğanlıq ruxundaqı ğarayışda bolmalıdırlar.''}} *'''[[Alfabet Fonetis Internasional|IPA]]''' {{Quote|[he̞mːe̞ ɑːd̪ɑmɫ̪ɑɾ ø̞ːz me̞ɾt̪e̞be̞si βe̞ huquqɫ̪ɑɾɯ bo̞junt͡ʃɑ d̪e̞ŋ jaʁd̪ɑjd̪ɑ d̪ynjæː iːnjæːɾl̪e̞ɾ ‖ o̞ɫɑɾɑ ɑːɴ he̞m βɯʒd̪ɑːn be̞ɾl̪e̞nd̪iɾ βe̞ o̞ɫ̪ɑɾ biːɾbiːɾl̪e̞ɾi bil̪e̞n d̪o̞ʁɑnɫ̪ɯq ruːhund̪ɑːqɯ ɢɑɾɑjɯʃd̪ɑ bo̞ɫmɑɫ̪ɯd̪ɯɾɫ̪ɑɾ ‖]}} *'''[[Basa Kumoring|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai goh-goh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.''}} ==Rujukan== {{Reflist}} [[Kaban:Basa]] km6mec9csqpb5cm95z8bsgvn3fsl30m 0 727 38193 35451 2026-06-20T22:36:55Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38193 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = Tuva | nativename = {{lang|tyv|Тыва дыл}}<br/>{{small|{{lang|tyv-latn|Tıva tıl}}}} | states = [[Rusia]], [[Mongolia]], [[Cina]] | region = [[Tuva]] | ethnicity = [[Jolma Tuva]] | speakers = 130.000 | date = 2021 | ref = | familycolor = Altaic | fam1 = [[Rumpun basa Turkik|Turkik]] | fam2 = [[Rumpun basa Turkik Umum|Turkik Umum]] | fam3 = Turkik Sayan | fam4 = Turkik Sayan Stepa<ref name="refRagagnin">Elisabetta Ragagnin (2011), [http://www.harrassowitz-verlag.de/dzo/artikel/201/004/4043_201.pdf?t=1322214979 Dukhan, a Turkic Variety of Northern Mongolia, Description and Analysis], Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden</ref>{{Refn|group=notes|Although most Tuvan dialects are classified as Steppe Sayan Turkic, the Tozhu and Tere-Khöl dialects are classified as Taiga Sayan Turkic.<ref name="refRagagnin" />}} | script = [[Huruf Sirilik]] | nation = {{flag|Rusia}}<ul><li>{{flag|Tuva}}</li></ul> | iso2 = tyv | iso3 = tyv | glotto = tuvi1240 | glottoname = Tuvinian | glotto2 = todj1234 | glottoname2 = Todja | ELP2 = 10479 | ELPname2 = Tuha | notice = IPA | map2 = Lang Status 80-VU.svg | mapcaption2 = {{center|{{small|Tuvan is classified as Vulnerable by the [[UNESCO]] ''[[Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]''}}}} | pronunciation = {{IPA|[tʰɤ̀ʋɐ tɤ̀ɫ]}} | map = Tuvan language on the map.png | mapsize = | mapcaption = Distribution of Tuvan in Tuva and surrounding regions }} {{Infobox ethnonym|root=|person= |people= [[Jolma Tuva|Tuva / Tyva]]<br>Тывалар<br>Тувинцы|language= [[Basa Tuva|Tuva / Tyva]]<br>Тыва дыл|country=[[Tuva|Tuva / Tyva]]<br>Тува<br>Тыва}} '''Basa Tuva''' joda da salah osay basa Turkik say dituturko [[Jolma Tuva]] di nagara [[Rusia]]. ==Huruf== ====Sirilik==== {| cellpadding="3" style="font-size:1.4em; border:1px solid black; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF; text-align:center" | style="width:3em"| А а | style="width:3em"| Б б | style="width:3em"| В в | style="width:3em"| Г г | style="width:3em"| Д д | style="width:3em"| Е е | style="width:3em"| Ё ё | style="width:3em"| Ж ж |- | style="width:3em"| З з | style="width:3em"| И и | style="width:3em"| Й й | style="width:3em"| К к | style="width:3em"| Л л | style="width:3em"| М м | style="width:3em"| Н н | style="width:3em"| Ң ң |- | style="width:3em"| О о | style="width:3em"| Ө ө | style="width:3em"| П п | style="width:3em"| Р р | style="width:3em"| С с | style="width:3em"| Т т | style="width:3em"| У у | style="width:3em"| Ү ү |- | style="width:3em"| Ф ф | style="width:3em"| Х х | style="width:3em"| Ц ц | style="width:3em"| Ч ч | style="width:3em"| Ш ш | style="width:3em"| Щ щ | style="width:3em"| Ъ ъ | style="width:3em"| Ы ы |- | style="width:3em"| Ь ь | style="width:3em"| Э э | style="width:3em"| Ю ю | style="width:3em"| Я я | | | | |} ====Latin==== {| cellpadding="3" style="font-size:1.4em; border:1px solid black; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF; text-align:center" | style="width:3em"| A a | style="width:3em"| B ʙ | style="width:3em"| C c | style="width:3em"| D d | style="width:3em"| E e | style="width:3em"| F f | style="width:3em"| G g | style="width:3em"| Ƣ ƣ |- | style="width:3em"| H h | style="width:3em"| I i | style="width:3em"| J j | style="width:3em"| Ɉ ɉ | style="width:3em"| K k | style="width:3em"| L l | style="width:3em"| M m | style="width:3em"| N n |- | style="width:3em"| Ꞑ ꞑ | style="width:3em"| O o | style="width:3em"| Ө ө | style="width:3em"| P p | style="width:3em"| R r | style="width:3em"| S s | style="width:3em"| Ş ş | style="width:3em"| T t |- | style="width:3em"| U u | style="width:3em"| V v | style="width:3em"| X x | style="width:3em"| Y y | style="width:3em"| Z z | style="width:3em"| Ƶ ƶ | style="width:3em"| Ь ь | |} ==Cuntuh Tulisan== ====UDHR pasal 1==== *'''[[Alfabet Sirilik|Sirilik]]''' {{Quote|Бүгү кижилер хостуг база мөзүзү болгаш эргелери дең кылдыр төрүттүнер. Оларга угаан- сарыыл болгаш арын-нүүр бердинген болур болгаш олар бот-боттарынга акы-дуңмалышкы хамаарылганы көргүзер ужурлуг.}} *'''[[Alfabet Sirilik|Sirilik Kursiv]]''' {{Quote|''Бүгү кижилер хостуг база мөзүзү болгаш эргелери дең кылдыр төрүттүнер. Оларга угаан- сарыыл болгаш арын-нүүр бердинген болур болгаш олар бот-боттарынга акы-дуңмалышкы хамаарылганы көргүзер ужурлуг.''}} *'''[[Alfabet Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Bygy kižiler xostug baza mөzyzy bolgaš ergeleri deņ kьldьr tөryttyner. Olarga ugaan-sarььl bolgaš arьn-nyyr berdingen bolur bolgaš olar bot-bottarьnga akь-duņmalьškь xamaarьlganь kөrgyzer užurlug.''}} *'''[[Basa Kumoring|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai goh-goh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.''}} ====Cuntuh Tulisan Barih==== '''{{Script/Unyin|Тыва чоннуң эртинези – хөөмей}}''' {{Quote|Делегейниң эң улуг күчулүг, чараш, арыг, байлак хемнерниң бирээзи – алдарлыг Енисейниң – Улуг Хемниң шуурап баткан ораны, делегейде чок дээн делгем чаагай Азия диптиң географтыг төвү, чүрээ, буурул баштыг Саян сыннары хаажылаан Тыва чурту бойдустуң эң ховар чурумалы, тураскаалы болуп турары дег, тываларны өске чоннардан ылгап, алдаржыдып, киискидип турар онзагай демдектер эвээш эвес.}} '''{{Script/Unyin|''Тыва чоннуң эртинези – хөөмей''}}''' {{Quote|''Делегейниң эң улуг күчулүг, чараш, арыг, байлак хемнерниң бирээзи – алдарлыг Енисейниң – Улуг Хемниң шуурап баткан ораны, делегейде чок дээн делгем чаагай Азия диптиң географтыг төвү, чүрээ, буурул баштыг Саян сыннары хаажылаан Тыва чурту бойдустуң эң ховар чурумалы, тураскаалы болуп турары дег, тываларны өске чоннардан ылгап, алдаржыдып, киискидип турар онзагай демдектер эвээш эвес.''}} '''{{Script/Unyin|''Tƣva čonnuņ ertinezi - xөөmey''}}''' {{Quote|''Delegejniņ eņ ulug kyčyten, čaraš, arƣg, baylak xemnerniņ bireezi - aldarlƣg Enisejniņ - Ulug Xemniņ šuurap batkan oranƣ, delegejde čok deen delgem čaagaj Azija diptiņ geograftƣg tөvy, čyree, buurul baštƣg Sayan sƣnnarƣ xaažƣlaan Tƣva čurtu bojdustuņ eņ xovar čurumalƣ, turaskaalƣ bolup turarƣ deg, tƣvalarnƣ өske čonnardan ƣlgap, aldaržƣdƣp, kiiskidip turar onzagaj demdekter eveeš eves.''}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Pirgi tьʙa<!-- The ʙ here is not a mistake. Do not change. --> dьldьꞑ yƶykteri|| PYGY TELEGEJNIꞐ PROLETARLARЬ POLGAŞ TARLATKAN ARATTARЬ KATTЬƵЬꞐAR! |- | Бирги тыва дылдың үжүктери || {{Quote|Бүгү телегейниң пролетарлары болгаш дарлаткан араттары каттыжыңар!}} |- | Alfabet Basa Tuva partamo || {{Quote|''Kaunyin pagawai rik masyarakat titindas di dunia, busatu!''}} |} siwfnrip8yj4zm6xggx4b622w416xt4 0 733 38197 36385 2026-06-20T22:46:17Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38197 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = Uyghur | nativename = {{lang|ug-Arab|ئۇيغۇر تىلى}}, {{lang|ug-Cyrl|Уйғур тили}}<br>{{lang|ug-Latn|Uyghur tili,<br />Uyƣur tili, Uyğur tili}} | pronunciation = <span style=>{{IPA|[ʊj.ʁʊɾˈtʃɛ], [ʊjˈʁʊɾ.tɪ.lɪ]}}</span> | image = Uyghurche.svg | imagescale = 0.75 | imagecaption = "Uyghur" titulis dilom [[Huruf Arab Uyghur]] | states = [[Cina]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Tajikistan]] | ethnicity = [[Jolma Uyghur|Uyghur]], [[Jolma Äynu|Äynus]], [[Jolma Akto Turkmen|Akto Turkmen]] | speakers = 8–13 juta | date = 2021 | ref = <ref name="ChineseLanguagePolicy">{{cite journal |last1=Han |first1=Yawen |last2=Johnson |first2=David Cassels |title=Chinese Language Policy and Uyghur Youth: Examining Language Policies and Language Ideologies |journal=Journal of Language, Identity & Education |date=2021 |volume=20 |issue=3 |page=186 |doi=10.1080/15348458.2020.1753193 |s2cid=225676857 |access-date=4 November 2022 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15348458.2020.1753193 |archive-date=4 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104203953/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15348458.2020.1753193 |url-status=live }}</ref> | familycolor = Altaic | fam1 = [[Rumpun basa Turkik|Turkik]] | fam2 = [[Rumpun basa Turkik Umum|Turkik Umum]] | fam3 = [[Rumpun basa Karluk|Karluk]] | dia1 = Uyghur Tongah | dia2 = Khotan | dia3 = [[Basa Lop|Lopnor]] | ancestor = [[Basa Karakhanid|Karakhanid]] | ancestor2 = [[Basa Chagatai|Chagatai]] | ancestor3 = Turki Darak | script = [[Huruf Arab Uyghur|Huruf Uyghur]]: [[Huruf Arab Uyghur|Arab]] (resmi di Cina), [[Huruf Sirilik|Sirilik]], [[Huruf Latin|Latin]], [[Huruf Uyghur Anyar|Huruf Ompay]] | nation = [[Xinjiang]] (Cina)<ref>{{Cite news |title=China |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/country/CN/status |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225165727/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/CN/status |archive-date=25 December 2018 |access-date=3 June 2015 |website=Ethnologue}}</ref> | agency = Working Committee of Ethnic Language and Writing of Xinjiang | iso1 = ug | iso1comment = Uighur, Uyghur | iso2 = uig | iso2comment = Uighur, Uyghur | iso3 = uig | iso3comment = Uighur, Uyghur | glotto = uigh1240 | glottoname = Uighur | map = Uyghur Linguistic Map (2015) in Xinjiang and the outskirts of Xinjiang..png | mapalt = Uyghur is spoken in Northwest China | mapcaption = Geographical extent of Uyghur Language in China (Xinjiang) and outskirts of Xinjiang. | notice = IPA }} {{Contains special characters|Uyghur}} '''Basa Uyghur''' joda da basa rumpun Turki say dituturko [[Jolma Uyghur]] di Xinjiang [[Cina|China]].<ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/uig ''Uyghur''] Ethnologue, dilom [[Bahasa Inggris]]</ref> ==Cuntuh Tulisan== ===UDHR pasal 1=== *'''[[Huruf Arab Uyghur]]''' <div lang="uyghur" dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|ھەممە ئادەم زانىدىنلا ئەركىن، ئىززەت-ھۆرمەت ۋە ھوقۇقتا باپباراۋەر بولۇپ تۇغۇلغان. ئۇلار ئەقىلغە ۋە ۋىجدانغا ئىگە ھەمدە بىر-بىرىگە قېرىنداشلىق مۇناسىۋىتىگە خاس روھ بىلەن موئامىلە قىلىشى كېرەك.}}}} </div> *'''[[Alfabet Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Hemme adem zanidinla erkin, izzet-hörmet we hoquqta bapbarawer bolup tughulghun. Ular eqilghe we wijdan'gha ige hemde bir-birige qërindashliq munasiwitige xas roh bilen moamile qilishi kërek.''}} *'''[[Alfabet Sirilik|Sirilik]]''' {{Quote|Һәммә адәм туғулушидинла әркин, иззәт-һөрмәт вә һоқуқта баббаравәр болуп туғулған. Улар әқилгә вә виҗданға игә һәмдә бир-биригә қериндашлиқ мунасивитигә хас роһ билән муамилә қилиши керәк.}} *'''[[Alfabet Sirilik|Sirilik Kursiv]]''' {{Quote|''Һәммә адәм туғулушидинла әркин, иззәт-һөрмәт вә һоқуқта баббаравәр болуп туғулған. Улар әқилгә вә виҗданға игә һәмдә бир-биригә қериндашлиқ мунасивитигә хас роһ билән муамилә қилиши керәк.''}} *'''[[Alfabet Latin|Romanisasi ALA-LC]]''' {{Quote|''Hămmă adăm tughulushidinla ărkin, izzăt-hörmăt vă hoquqta bab-baravăr bolup tughulghan. Ular ăqilgă vă vijdan'gha igă hămdă bir-birigă qerindashliq munasivitigă khas roh bilăn muamilă qilishi kerăk.''}} *'''[[Alfabet Latin|Pinyin]]''' {{Quote|''Ⱨəmmə adəm tuƣuluxidinla ərkin, izzət-ⱨɵrmət wə ⱨoⱪuⱪta bab-barawər bolup tuƣulƣan. Ular əⱪilgə wə wijdanƣa igə ⱨəmdə bir-birigə ⱪerindaxliⱪ munasiwitigə has roⱨ bilən mu’amilə ⱪilixi kerək.''}} *'''[[Alfabet Fonetis Internasional|IPA]]''' {{Quote|/ɦɛm.mɛ ʔɑdɛm zɑnidinlɑ ʔɛrkin, ʔiz.zɛt hørmɛt wɛ ɦoquqtɑ bɑpbɑrɑwɛr bolup tuʁulʁun. ʔulɑr ʔɛqilʁɛ wɛ widʒdɑnʁɑ ʔigɛ ɦɛmdɛ bir birigɛ qerindɑʃliq munɑsiwitigɛ χɑs roh bilɛn moʔɑmilɛ qiliʃi kerɛk/}} *'''[[Bahasa Komering|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai goh-goh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.''}} *'''[[Bahasa Inggris|Horti (Inggris)]]''' {{Quote|''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''}} ==Huruf== Kaopak huruf say tipakay ganta panday tiliyak di bah sa. *[[Huruf Hijaiyah|Huruf Arab Uyghur atawa UEY]]<br> *[[Alfabet Sirilik|Alfabet Sirilik Uyghur atawa USY]]<br> *[[Alfabet Latin|Aksara Anyar Uyghur atawa UYY]]<br> *[[Alfabet Latin|Alfabet Latin Uyghur atawa ULY]] Di tabel di bah, alfabet tijajakko tipajangko untuk pubandingan, rik transkripsi fonetik dilom [[Alfabet Fonetis Internasional]]. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- ! No. ! [[Alfabet Fonetis Internasional|IPA]] ! [[Huruf Hijaiyah|UEY]] ! [[Alfabet Sirilik|USY]] ! [[Alfabet Latin|UYY]] ! [[Alfabet Latin|ULY]] | rowspan="21" | &nbsp; ! No. ! [[Alfabet Fonetis Internasional|IPA]] ! [[Huruf Hijaiyah|UEY]] ! [[Alfabet Sirilik|USY]] ! [[Alfabet Latin|UYY]] ! [[Alfabet Latin|ULY]] |- | '''1''' || [ɑ] || <span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;">[[ا|ئا]]</span> || [[А |А а]] ||colspan="2"| [[A]] [[a]] | '''17''' || [q] || <span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;">[[ق]]</span> || [[Қ |Қ қ]] || [[Ⱪ]] [[ⱪ]] || [[Q]] [[q]] |- | '''2''' || [ɛ] ~ [æ] || <span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;">[[ە|ئە]]</span> || [[Ә |Ә ә]] || [[Ə]] [[ə]] || [[E]] [[e]] | '''18''' || [k] || <span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;">[[ك]]</span> || [[К |К к]] ||colspan="2"| [[K]] [[k]] |- | '''3''' || [b] || <span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;">[[ب]]</span> || [[Б |Б б]] ||colspan="2"| [[B]] [[b]] | '''19''' || [ɡ] || <span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;">[[گ]]</span> || [[Г |Г г]] ||colspan="2"| [[G]] [[g]] |- | '''4''' || [p] || <span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;">[[پ]]</span> || [[П |П п]] ||colspan="2"| [[P]] [[p]] | '''20''' || [ŋ] || <span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;">[[ڭ]]</span> || [[Ң |Ң ң]] ||colspan="2"| [[Ng (digraf)|Ng]] [[Ng (digraf)|ng]] |- | '''5''' || [t̪/t] || <span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;">[[ت]]</span> || [[Т |Т т]] ||colspan="2"| [[T]] [[t]] | '''21''' || [l] || <span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;">[[ل]]</span> || [[Л |Л л]] ||colspan="2"| [[L]] [[l]] |- | rowspan="2"| '''6''' || rowspan="2"| [dʒ] || rowspan="2"| <span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;">[[ج]]</span> || rowspan="2"| [[Җ |Җ җ]] || [[J]] [[j]] ||rowspan="2"| [[J]] [[j]] | rowspan="2"| '''22''' || rowspan="2"| [m] || rowspan="2"| <span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;">[[م]]</span> || rowspan="2"| [[М |М м]] || rowspan="2" colspan="2"| [[M]] [[m]] |- | [[Zh (digraf)|Zh]] [[Zh (digraf)|zh]] |- | rowspan="2"| '''7''' || rowspan="2"| [tʃ] || rowspan="2"| <span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;">[[چ]]</span> || rowspan="2"| [[Ч |Ч ч]] || [[Q]] [[q]] || rowspan="2"| [[Ch (digraf)|Ch]] [[Ch (digraf)|ch]] | rowspan="2"| '''23''' || rowspan="2"| [n̪/n] || rowspan="2"| <span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;">[[ن]]</span> || rowspan="2"| [[Н |Н н]] || rowspan="2" colspan="2"| [[N]] [[n]] |- | [[Ch (digraf)|Ch]] [[Ch (digraf)|ch]] |- | '''8''' || [χ] || <span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;">[[خ]]</span> || [[Х |Х х]] || [[H]] [[h]] || [[X]] [[x]] | '''24''' || [h] || <span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;">[[ھ]]</span> || [[Һ |Һ һ]] || [[Ⱨ ⱨ]] || [[H]] [[h]] |- | '''9''' || [d̪/d] || <span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;">[[د]]</span> || [[Д |Д д]] ||colspan="2"| [[D]] [[d]] | '''25''' || [o] || <span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;">[[و|ئو]]</span> || [[О |О о]] ||colspan="2"| [[O]] [[o]] |- | '''10''' || [r] || <span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;">[[ر]]</span> || [[Р |Р р]] ||colspan="2"| [[R]] [[r]] | '''26''' || [u] || <span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;">[[ۇ|ئۇ]]</span> || [[У |У у]] ||colspan="2"| [[U]] [[u]] |- | '''11''' || [z] || <span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;">[[ز]]</span> || [[З |З з]] ||colspan="2"| [[Z]] [[z]] | '''27''' || [ø] || <span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;">[[ۆ|ئۆ]]</span> || [[Ө |Ө]] [[Ө|ө]] || [[Ɵ]] [[ɵ]] || [[Ö]] [[ö]] |- | '''12''' || [ʒ] || <span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;">[[ژ]]</span> || [[Ж |Ж ж]] || [[Ⱬ]] [[ⱬ]] || [[Zh (digraf)|Zh]] [[Zh (digraf)|zh]] | '''28''' || [y] || <span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;">[[ۈ|ئۈ]]</span> || [[Ү |Үү]] ||colspan="2"| [[Ü]] [[ü]] |- | rowspan="2"| '''13''' || rowspan="2"| [s] || rowspan="2"| <span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;">[[س]]</span> || rowspan="2"| [[С |С с]] || rowspan="2" colspan="2"| [[S]] [[s]] | rowspan="2"| '''29''' || rowspan="2"| [v]~[w] || rowspan="2"| <span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;">[[ۋ]]</span> || rowspan="2"| [[В |В в]] || [[V]] [[v]] || rowspan="2"| [[W]] [[w]] |- | [[W]] [[w]] |- | rowspan="2"| '''14''' || rowspan="2"| [ʃ] || rowspan="2"| <span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;">[[ش]]</span> || rowspan="2"| [[Ш |Ш ш]] || [[X]] [[x]] || rowspan="2"| [[Sh (digraf)|Sh]] [[Sh (digraf)|sh]] | rowspan="2"| '''30''' || rowspan="2"| [e] || rowspan="2"| <span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;">[[ې|ئې]]</span> || rowspan="2"| [[Е |Е е]] || rowspan="2"| [[E]] [[e]] || rowspan="2"| [[Ë]] [[ë]] (payja [[É]] [[é]]) |- | [[Sh (digraf)|Sh]] [[Sh (digraf)|sh]] |- | '''15''' || [ʁ] || <span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;">[[غ]]</span> || [[Ғ |Ғ ғ]] || [[Ƣ]] [[ƣ]] || [[Gh (digraf)|Gh]] [[Gh (digraf)|gh]] | '''31''' || [ɪ] ~ [i]|| <span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;">[[ى|ئى]]</span> || [[И |И и]] ||colspan="2"| [[I]] [[i]] |- | '''16''' || [f] || <span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;">[[ف]]</span> || [[Ф |Ф ф]] ||colspan="2"| [[F]] [[f]] | '''32''' || [j] || <span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;">[[ي]]</span> || [[Й |Й й]] ||colspan="2"| [[Y]] [[y]] |} ==Liyak Munih== *[[Basa Sarikoli]] *[[Basa Wakhi]] ==Rujukan== {{Reflist}} [[Kaban:Basa]] 8jaqgvp5drg5vn5ifpg6rb5v3s9nopf 0 762 38183 28521 2026-06-20T22:20:35Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38183 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Provinsi| | Golar = Bali | Golar Asli= Bali<br>ᬩᬮᬶ | Gambar = [[Berkas:Pura Bratan Bali.jpg|300px|thumb|Pura Ulun Danu Bratan di Tabanan]] | Bandera = [[Berkas:Flag of Bali.svg|300px]] | Lambang = [[Berkas:Coat of arms of Bali.svg|300px]] | Peta = [[Berkas:Bali in Indonesia.svg|300px]] | Samboyan = ''Bali Dwipa Jaya''<br>[[Bahasa Komering|Komering]]: Jayoda pulau Bali | Julukan = ''Pulau Dewata'' | Ibukota = [[Denpasar]] | Borak Wilayah = 5.780,06 km² | Bahasa = [[Bahasa Bali|Bali]] | Suku Bangsa = [[Jolma Bali|Bali]] | Jumlah Panduduk = 4.344.554 jiwa | Agama = [[Hindu]], [[Islam]], [[Kristen]] | Pamarintah = '''[[Gubornur]]''':<br>[[Sang Made Mahendra Jaya]]<br>'''[[Wakil Gubornur]]'''<br>''Gawang'' | Kode Pos = 80xxx–82xxx | Zona Waktu = UTC+8 (WITA) | Tibentuk = 14 Agustus 1958 | Kode Talepon Daerah = +62 361 - [[Denpasar]], [[Gianyar]], [[Kabupaten Badung|Badung]], [[Kabupaten Tabanan|Tabanan]] (kacuali [[Baturiti]]), [[Tampaksiring]], [[Ubud]] ([[Gianyar]]), [[Nusa Dua]], [[Kuta]] ([[Kabupaten Badung|Badung]]), [[Sanur]] ([[Denpasar Hulu]])<br> +62 362 - [[Singaraja]] ([[Kabupaten Buleleng]])<br> +62 363 - [[Amlapura]] ([[Kabupaten Karangasem]])<br> +62 365 - [[Negara, Jembrana|Negara]], [[Gilimanuk]] ([[Kabupaten Jembrana]])<br> +62 366 - [[Kabupaten Klungkung|Klungkung]], [[Kabupaten Bangli|Bangli]]<br> +62 368 - [[Baturiti]] ([[Kabupaten Tabanan]]) | Pelat Kandaraan = DK | Lagu Daerah = [[Janger]] | Lombahan Adat = [[Pura Candi Bentar]] | Sanjata Daerah = [[Blakas]], [[Koris]] | Masakan Khas = [[Sisu Batutu]] | Baju Adat = [[Kawai Adat Bali]] | Flora = [[Majegau]] | Fauna = [[Jalak Bali]] }} '''Bali''' joda da provinsi say bubontuk Kepulawan di antara [[Pulau Jawa]] rik Nusa Tenggara, provinsi hasa lobih dikonal turis jak pada provinsi barihna di [[Indonesia]] sa, lah dija sa pusat pariwisata. Provinsi sija munih jadi provinsi [[Hindu]] osay-osay na di [[Indonesia]] sa.<ref>[http://www.sundamedia.com/2015/07/badak-sunda-dan-harimau-sunda.html Badak Sunda dan Harimau Sunda] {{Quote|''“Mr. Muhamad Yamin yang pada 1950-an ketika menjadi Menteri P.P. dan K. mengganti istilah Kepulauan Sunda Kecil menjadi Kepulauan Nusa Tenggara. Sebab, istilah Kepulauan Sunda Kecil diganti dengan Kepulauan Nusa Tenggara, maka istilah Kepulauan Sunda Besar juga tidak lagi digunakan dalam ilmu bumi dan perpetaan nasional Indonesia–meskipun dalam perpetaan Internasional istilah Greater Sunda Islands dan Lesser Sunda Islands masih tetap digunakan."'' - [[Ajip Rosidi]]: Penulis, budayawan. [[Pikiran Rakyat]], 21 Agustus 2010”}}. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150708065327/http://www.sundamedia.com/2015/07/badak-sunda-dan-harimau-sunda.html]</ref><ref>[http://www.kitlv-journals.nl/btlv/article/viewFile/2922/3683 lifting devices - Article Shops Online Article Directory]. 2020-04-15 [https://web.archive.org/web/20211019145715/https://www.kitlv-journals.nl/btlv/article/viewFile/2922/3683]</ref><ref name="DUKCAPIL">[https://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/ Visualisasi Data Kependudukan - Kementerian Dalam Negeri 2023] www.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id</ref><ref>[https://satudata.kemenag.go.id/dataset/detail/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-agama Jumlah Penduduk Menurut Agama 2022] www.satudata.kemenag.go.id [https://web.archive.org/web/20230709113430/https://satudata.kemenag.go.id/dataset/detail/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-agama]</ref> ==Budaya== ===Kani'an rik Masakan=== [[Berkas:BUMBU AYAM BETUTU.png|250px|thumb|Humbu-humbu Sisu Batutu]] Provinsi Bali uwat lamon macom kuliner khas Bali. Macom-ragom kani'an olahan daging sisu rik babi ndominasi kuliner di Bali. Kani'an say tikonal jak Bali joda da [[Sisu Batutu]] rik [[Babi Guling]], mak hiran Bali lamon kani'an say ngandung babi, lah tiyan ja kalamonan buagama [[Hindu]].<ref>[https://www.kompas.com/food/read/2020/11/05/142933875/15-makanan-khas-bali-yang-patut-masuk-daftar-kulineranmu-dari-sate-lilit?15 Kani'an Khas Bali] ''Yuharrani Aisyah, 5 November 2020 [[Kompas.com]]''[https://web.archive.org/web/20220314062209/https://www.kompas.com/food/read/2020/11/05/142933875/15-makanan-khas-bali-yang-patut-masuk-daftar-kulineranmu-dari-sate-lilit?]</ref> Dibah sa uwat daftar kani'an khas Bali: *[[Sisu Batutu]] *[[Babi Guling]] *[[Sambal Matah]] *[[Be Kokak Mekuah]] *[[Be Pasih Mesambel Matah]] *[[Itik Batutu]] *[[Brengkes]] *[[Grangasem]] *[[Jejeruk]] *[[Jukut Urab]] *[[Komoh]] *[[Lawar]] *[[Bubuh]] *[[Nasi Tepeng]] *[[Penyon]] *[[Sate Kablet]] *[[Sate Babi Guling]] *[[Sate Lilit]] *[[Sate Pentul Bali]] *[[Sate Penyu]] *[[Sate Rajak]] *[[Timbungan]] *[[Jukut Ares]] *[[Tum]] *[[Urutan]] (Sosis babi khas Bali) *[[Pesan Be Pasih]] ==Pok Wisata== *[[Ubud]] *[[Pantai Sanur]] *[[Pantai Kuta]] ==Referensi== cuf3is9ljukfgquro0zdbe97r98xr2k 0 1097 38176 35787 2026-06-20T22:13:17Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38176 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Brunei Darussalam''' ([[Bahasa Melayu]] Jawi:'''نڬارا بروني دارالسلام''') joda da sebuah nagara di pulaw Kalimantan say ibukuta na di Bandar Seri Begawan. {| class="infobox country" style="background; width:200px; text-align:left; font-size: 95%; border:1px solid #AAAAAA; float:right" |+ style="font-size: larger;" | '''Brunei Darussalam''' '''نݢارا بروني دارالسلام''' | |- class= | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | '''Bandera''' <br>[[Bondol:Flag_of_Brunei.svg|150px|]] | colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | '''Lambang''' <br>[[Bondol:Emblem_of_Brunei.svg|100px|]] |- | colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" | '''Peta''' <br>[[Bondol:Brunei_(orthographic_projection).svg|200px]] |- | '''Semboyan:'''<br/>'''الدائمون المحسنون بالهدى‎'''<br>Ad-dāʾimūna al-muḥsinūna bi-l-hudā<br>("Sentiasa membuat kebajikan dengan petunjuk Allah)<br/>([[Bahasa Komering|Komering]]:"Senantiaso nguwai kaholauan rik petunjuk Allah") |- | colspan="2" style=text-align: center;" | '''Lagu Kebangsaan:'''<br/>'''Allah Peliharakan Sultan'''<br/>([[Bahasa Komering|Komering]]: "Allah Amborkati Sulton") [[Bondol:United_States_Navy_Band_-_Allah_Peliharakan_Sultan.oga]] |- ! colspan="4" style="background:#bee5da; text-align: center;"| Informasi Dasar |- | '''Ibukuta''' |[[Bandar Seri Begawan]] |- | '''Borak Wilayah''' |5.765 km2 |- | '''Basa''' | [[Bahasa Melayu]] |- | '''Suku Bangsa''' | [[Jolma Melayu|Melayu]]<br>[[Jolma Cina|Cina]]<br>Barihna |- | '''Jumlah Penduduk''' | 460.345 jiwa |- | '''Agama''' | [[Islam]] 80,9%<br/>[[Kristen]] 7,1%<br/>[[Buddha]] 7%<br>Barihna 5% |- | '''Pamarintah''' | [['''Sulton'''|'''Sulton''']]: [[Hassanal Bolkiah]] |- | '''Mata Uang''' | [[Dolar Brunei]] |- | '''Zona Waktu''' | Waktu Standar Brunei (UTC+8) |- ! colspan="4" style="background:#bee5da; text-align: center;"| Informasi Barihna |- | '''Lajur Kemudi:''' | Kiri |- |'''Kode Talepon:''' | +673 |- |'''Benua:''' | [[Asia]] |- |} [[Kaban:Asiya]] fwnzsznpqhe4cmd0hd2oain4pc7thec 0 1285 38199 37178 2026-06-20T22:48:23Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38199 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Huruf Hijaiyah''' atawa '''Huruf Arab''' joda da huruf say tipakay untuk nulis [[Bahasa Arab]], rik nulisko [[Al-Qur'an]]. == Huruf == {|class="floatright" style="text-align:center;" |+ style="font-size:125%;" | Huruf Hijaiyah mak bu Lam Alif rik Hamzah |- style="background:#F1F2F5;font-size:180%;" | {{Script/Arabic| خ }} | {{Script/Arabic| ح }} | {{Script/Arabic| ج }} | {{Script/Arabic| ث }} | {{Script/Arabic| ت }} | {{Script/Arabic| ب }} | {{Script/Arabic| ا }} |- style="background:#E3E6EB;" | {{IPA|khā’}} | {{IPA|ḥā’}} | {{IPA|jīm}} | {{IPA|tha’}} | {{IPA|tā’}} | {{IPA|bā’}} | {{IPA|alif}} |- style="background:#F1F2F5;font-size:180%;" | {{Script/Arabic| ص }} | {{Script/Arabic| ش }} | {{Script/Arabic| س }} | {{Script/Arabic| ز }} | {{Script/Arabic| ر }} | {{Script/Arabic| ذ }} | {{Script/Arabic| د }} |- style="background:#E3E6EB;" | {{IPA|ṣād}} | {{IPA|shīn}} | {{IPA|sīn}} | {{IPA|zāy / zayn}} | {{IPA|rā’}} | {{IPA|dhāl}} | {{IPA|dāl}} |- style="background:#F1F2F5;font-size:180%;" | {{Script/Arabic| ق }} | {{Script/Arabic| ف }} | {{Script/Arabic| غ }} | {{Script/Arabic| ع }} | {{Script/Arabic| ظ }} | {{Script/Arabic| ط }} | {{Script/Arabic| ض }} |- style="background:#E3E6EB;" | {{IPA|qāf}} | {{IPA|fā’}} | {{IPA|ghayn}} | {{IPA|‘ayn}} | {{IPA|ẓā’}} | {{IPA|ṭā’}} | {{IPA|ḍād}} |- style="background:#F1F2F5;font-size:180%;" | {{Script/Arabic| ي }} | {{Script/Arabic| و }} | {{Script/Arabic| ه }} | {{Script/Arabic| ن }} | {{Script/Arabic| م }} | {{Script/Arabic| ل }} | {{Script/Arabic| ك }} |- style="background:#E3E6EB;" | {{IPA|yā’}} | style="width: 3em;" | {{IPA|wāw}} | style="width: 3em;" | {{IPA|hā’}} | style="width: 3em;" | {{IPA|nūn}} | style="width: 3em;" | {{IPA|mīm}} | style="width: 3em;" | {{IPA|lām}} | style="width: 3em;" | {{IPA|kāf}} |- |أ |آ |إ |ئ |ؠ |ء |ࢬ |- |alif hamza↑ |alif madda |alif hamza↓ |yā’ hamza↑ |kashmiri yā’ |hamza |rohingya yā’ |- |ى |ٱ |ی |ە |ً |ٌ |ٍ |- |alif maksura |alif wasla |farsi yā’ |ae |fathatan |dammatan |kasratan |- |َ |ُ |ِ |ّ |ْ |ٓ |ۤ |- |fatha |damma |kasra |shadda |sukun |maddah |madda |- |ں |ٹ |ٺ |ٻ |پ |ٿ |ڃ |- |nūn ghunna |ttā’ |ttāhā’ |bāā’ |pā’ |tāhā’ |nyā’ |- |ڄ |چ |ڇ |ڈ |ڌ |ڍ |ڎ |- |dyā’ |tchā’ |tchahā’ |ddāl |dāhāl |ddāhāl |duul |- |ڑ |ژ |ڤ |ڦ |ک |ڭ |گ |- |rrā’ |jā’ |vā’ |pāḥā’ |kāḥā’ |ng |gāf |- |ڳ |ڻ |ھ |ہ |ة |ۃ |ۅ |- |gueh |rnūn |hā’ doachashmee |hā’ goal |tā’ marbuta |tā’ marbuta goal |kirghiz oe |- |ۆ |ۇ |ۈ |ۉ |ۋ |ې |ے |- |oe |u |yu |kirghiz yu |ve |e |yā’ barree |- |} Huruf Arab atawa Huruf Hijaiyah kok tiadaptasi untuk tipakay dilom macom-ragom basa silaw jak [[Bahasa Arab]], tikuruk da [[Basa Parsi|Persia]], [[Bahasa Melayu|Melayu]], rik [[Bahasa Urdu|Urdu]], say layon da basa [[Rumpun basa Semitik|Semit]]. Adaptasi sina mangkali anjajakko huruf say tiubah atawa ompay untuk ngawakili fonom say mak timbul dilom fonologi [[Bahasa Arab|Arab]]. Misalna, basa [[Bahasa Arab|Arab]] makka bunyi plosif bilabial mak busuara ([p]), ulah sina lamon basa-basa say nambahi hurufna diwik untuk ngalambangko [p] dilom huruf, walawpun huruf sapasifik say tipakay buvariasi jak osay basa guk basa barihna. Modifikasi hasa risok tibagi dilom kalumpuk: basa [[India]] rik [[Turki]]. == Cuntuh Tulisan == * '''[[Basa Arab|Arab]]''' <div lang="arabic" dir=rtl> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|يولد جميع الناس أحراراً متساوين في الكرامة والحقوق، وقد وهبوا عقلاً وضميراً وعليهم أن يعامل بعضهم بعضاً بروح الإخاء.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Transliterasi Arab ALA-LC]]''' {{Quote|''Yūlad jamīʻ al-nās aḥrār-an mutasāwīn fil-karāma-ti wal-huqūq-i, wa-qad wuhibū ʻaql-an wa-ḍamīr-an wa-ʻalayhim an yuʻāmil-u baʻduhum baʻd-an bi-rūh al-ikhāʼ-i.''}} * '''[[Basa Arab Mosir|Arab Mosir]]''' <div lang="kge" dir=rtl> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|الاعلان العالمى لحقوق الانسان, البند الاولانى البنى ادمين كلهم مولودين حرّين ومتساويين فى الكرامة والحقوق. اتوهبلهم العقل والضمير، والمفروض يعاملو بعضيهم بروح الاخوية.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin Franco Arab]]''' {{Quote|''el e3lan el 3alami le 72u2 el ensan, el band el awalani el bani2admin kollohom mawlodin 7orrin we metsawyin fel karama wel 7o2u2. Etwahablohom el 3a2l wel damir, wel mafrud ye3amlo ba3dihom be ro7 el akhaweya.''}} * '''[[Basa Urdu|Urdu]]''' <div lang="Hindustani" dir=rtl> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|دفعہ ١: تمام اِنسان آزاد اور حُقوق و عِزت کے اعتبار سے برابر پَیدا ہُوئے ہَیں۔ انہیں ضمِیر اور عقل ودِیعت ہوئی ہَیں۔ اِس لئے انہیں ایک دُوسرے کے ساتھ بھائی چارے کا سُلُوک کرنا چاہئے۔}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Dafʻah 1: Tamām insān āzād aur ḥuqūq ō ʻizzat kē iʻtibār sē barābar paidā hu’ē haĩ. Unhē̃ żamīr aur ʻaql wadīʻat hu’ī haĩ. Isli’ē unhē̃ ēk dūsrē kē sāth bhā’ī cārē kā sulūk karnā cāhi’ē.''}} * '''[[Basa Kashmiri|Kashmiri]]''' <div lang="kashmir" dir=rtl> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|سٲری اِنسان چھِ آزاد زامٕتؠ۔ وؠقار تہٕ حۆقوٗق چھِ ہِوی۔ تِمَن چھُ سوچ سَمَج عَطا کَرنہٕ آمُت تہٕ تِمَن پَزِ بٲے بَرادٔری ہٕنٛدِس جَذباتَس تَحَت اَکھ أکِس اَکار بَکار یُن۔}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Sə̄rī insān čhi āzād zāmytj. Vjakār ty hokūk čhi hivī. Timan čhu sōč samaž atā karny āmut ty timan pazi bə̄i barādərī hyndis žazbātas tahat akh əkis akār bakār jun.''}} * '''[[Basa Marwari|Marwari]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|سگݪا مݨکه نے گورو ان ادهکاروں رے راسے مای جݪم سوں سوتنترا انے سمانتا پراپت چهے. وݨی رے گوڑے بده ان انتراتما ری پراپتی چهے ان وݨی نے بهیئیپاݪا بهاونا سو اےکبیجے رے سارو ورتن کرݨو جوییجے چهے.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Sagḷā miṇakh nai gaurav an adhikārõ re rāse māy jaḷam sū̃ svatantrā ane samāntā prāpt che. Vaṇī re goṛe buddhi an antarātmā rī prāptī che an vaṇī ne bhaiīpāḷā bhāvnā sū ekbīje re sārū vartan karṇo joyījai che.''}} * '''[[Basa Dogri|Dogri]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|سارے منکّھ میہما تے ادھکاریں دے بشے چ جنمے تھماں ستیںتر تے بروبر ن۔ ا'نیںگی بدّھ تے جمیرے دی دین تھہوئی اے تے ا'نیںگی آپوں-بچّیں بھائیچارے دے بھاوے کنّے بیہار کرنا لوڑدا اے۔}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Sārē manukkha maihmā tē adhikārēṁ dē biśē ca janamai thamāṁ sutaintar tē barōbar na. U'nēṁgī buddhi tē jamīrai dī dēn thhōī ai tē u'nēṁgī āpūṁ-biccēṁ bhāīcārē dē bhāvai kannai byahār karanā lōṛadā ai.''}} * '''[[Basa Rohingya|Rohingya]]''' <div lang="rohingya" dir=rtl> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|مَنُ࣪شۡ بࣦگُّ࣪نۡ اَزَدۡ حِ࣭سَفࣦ، اَرۡ عِزّࣤتۡ اَرۡدࣦ حࣤ࣪قۡ اࣤ࣪كّࣤلۡ اࣤ࣪تۡ، فُ࣪وَ࣪نَّ࣪ࢬ حِ࣭سَفࣦ فࣤيۡدَ اࣤ࣪يّࣦ. فࣤتِّ اِنۡسَ࣪نۡ اࣤ࣪تُّ هࣤنࣤ࣪ فࣤرࣤ࣪كۡ سَ࣪رَ࣪ عࣦلَنۡ اࣤتۡ اَسࣦ࣭دࣦ تَمَ࣪مۡ حࣤ࣪قۡ اࣤ࣪كّࣤلۡ اَرۡدࣦ اَزَدِ اࣤ࣪كّࣤلۡ لࣤيۡ فَ࣫يۡدَ࣪ گࣤرࣤ࣫نۡ اࣤ࣪رۡ حࣤ࣪قۡ اَسࣦ࣭. اَرۡ، تَرَ࣪رࣦ࣭ دِلۡ اَرۡدࣦ دࣦمَكۡ دِيࣦ࣭ اࣤ࣪تࣤ࣪لَّ، تَرَ࣪تُّ࣪ اࣦك زࣤنۡ لࣤيۡ اَرۡ اࣦكۡزࣤنۡ بَ࣪يۡ حِ࣭سَفࣦ مَامَلَ گࣤرࣤ࣫نۡ سَ࣬.‎}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Manúic beggún azad hísafe, ar izzot arde hók ókkol ót, fúainna hísafe foida óiye. Fottí insán óttu honó forók sára elan ot aséde tamám hók ókkol arde azadi ókkol loi fáaida goróon ór hók asé. Ar, taráre dil arde demak diyé. Ótolla, taráttu ekzon loi arekzon bái hísafe maamela goróon saá.''}} * '''[[Basa Tatar|Tatar (İske imlâ) 1870s-1920]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|بارلق كشیلر دا آزاد هم اوز آبرويلري هم حقوقلری یاغیننن تینک بولیپ طوالر. آلرغا عقل هم وجدان برلگان هم بر-برسینا قراطا طوغاننرچا مناسبتتا بولرغا تییشلر.}}}} </div> * '''[[Basa|Tatar (Yaña imlâ) 1920-1927]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|بارلئق كئشئلەر دە ئازات هەم ئوز ئابرویلارئ هەم حۇقوقلارئ یاعئننان تیڭ بولئپ توالار. ئالارعا ئاقئل هەم وۇجدان بیرئلگەن هەم بئر-بئرسئنە قاراتا توعاننارچا مۇناسەبەتتە بولئرعا تیئشلەر.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Barlıq keşelär dä azat häm üz abruyları häm xoquqları yağınnan tiñ bulıp tualar. Alarğa aqıl häm wöcdan birelğan häm ber-bersenä qarata tuğannarça mönasäbättä bulırğa tiyeşlär.''}} * '''[[Basa Azerbaijan|Azeri]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|بوتون اينسانلار حيثييت و حاقلار باخيميندان دنك برابر و اركين آزاد دوغولارلار. اوس عقل و اويات ويجدان ييهﺳﻴﺪيرلر و بير بيرلرينه قارشى قارداشليق روحو ايله داوراماليدرلار.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Bütün insanlar heysiyyət və haqlar baxımından dənk bərabər və ərkin azad doğularlar. Us əql və uyat vicdan yiyəsidirlər və bir birlərinə qarşı qardaşlıq ruhu ilə davranmalıdırlar.''}} * '''[[Basa Dari|Dari]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|تمام افراد بشر آزاد زاده می شوند و از لحاظ حيثيت و کرامت و حقوق با هم برابرند. همگی دارای عقل و وجدان هستند و بايد با يکديگر با روحيه ای برادرانه رفتار کنند.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Tamām-e afrād-e bašar āzād zāde mīšūnad va az leḥāż-e ḥais̱īyat-o karāmat-o ḥoqūq bā ham barābarānd. hamgī dārā-ye ʿaql-o vejdān hastand va bāyad bā yekdīgar bā rūḥīye ai barādarāne raftār konand.''}} * '''[[Basa Parsiya|Parsiya]]''' <div lang="kge" dir=rtl> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|همه‌ی افراد بشر آزاد به دنیا می‌آیند و حیثیت و حقوق‌شان با هم برابر است، همه اندیشه و وجدان دارند و باید در برابر یکدیگر با روح برادری رفتار کنند.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Hame-ye afrād-e bashar āzād be donyā mi āyand o heysiyat o hoquq-e shān bā ham barābar ast, hame andishe o vejdān dārand o bāyad dar barābare yekdigar bā ruh-e barādari raftār konand.''}} * '''[[Basa Swahili|Swahili]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|وَاتُ وٗوتٖ وَمٖزَلِيوَ هُورُ، هَاذِ نَ هَاكِ زَاءٗ نِ سَاوَ۔ وٗوتٖ وَمٖجَلِيوَ أَكِيلِ نَ ذَمِيرِ، هِيڤيٗ يَپَاسَ وَتٖندٖئَانٖ كِندُوڠُ.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Watu wote wamezaliwa huru, hadhi na haki zao ni sawa. Wote wamejaliwa akili na dhamiri, hivyo yapasa watendeane kindugu.''}} * '''[[Basa Wolof|Wolof]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|دࣷومِ آدَمَ يࣺݒّ دَنُيْ جُدُّ، يَمْ ݖِ تَوفࣹيخْ ݖِ سَگْ اَکْ سَݧْ-سَݧْ. نࣹکّ نَ اِتْ کُ خَمْ دࣴگّ تࣹ اࣵ‎ندْ نَ خࣹلَمْ، تࣹ وَرْ نَا جࣴفْلَنْتࣹ اَکْ نَوْلࣹينْ، تࣹ تࣹگْ کࣷ ݖِ وࣵلُّ مبࣷکّ.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Doomi aadama yépp danuy juddu, yam ci tawfeex ci sag ak sañ-sañ. Nekk na it ku xam dëgg te ànd na ak xelam, te war naa jëflante ak nawleen, te teg ko ci wàllu mbokk.''}} * '''[[Basa Uyghur|Uyghur]]''' <div lang="uyghur" dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|ھەممە ئادەم زانىدىنلا ئەركىن، ئىززەت-ھۆرمەت ۋە ھوقۇقتا باپباراۋەر بولۇپ تۇغۇلغان. ئۇلار ئەقىلغە ۋە ۋىجدانغا ئىگە ھەمدە بىر-بىرىگە قېرىنداشلىق مۇناسىۋىتىگە خاس روھ بىلەن موئامىلە قىلىشى كېرەك.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Hemme adem zanidinla erkin, izzet-hörmet we hoquqta bapbarawer bolup tughulghun. Ular eqilghe we wijdan'gha ige hemde bir-birige qërindashliq munasiwitige xas roh bilen moamile qilishi kërek.''}} * '''[[Basa Indonesia|Indonesia]]''' <div dir=rtl>{{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|سموا اورڠ ديلاهركن مرديك دان ممڤوڽاي مارتبة دان حق-حق يڠ سام. مريك دي كرونياي اكل دان هاتي نوراني دان هندق ڽ برڬاول ساتو سام لاين دالم سماڠت ڤرساودارأن.}}}}</div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Semua orang dilahirkan merdeka dan mempunyai martabat dan hak-hak yang sama. Mereka dikaruniai akal dan hati nurani dan hendaknya bergaul satu sama lain dalam semangat persaudaraan.''}} * '''[[Basa Malayu|Malayu]]''' </div><div dir=rtl>{{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|سموا مانوسيا ديلاهركن بيبس دان سام رات دري سڬي مرواه دان حق-حق. مريك ممڤوڽاي ڤميكيرن دان ڤراسان هاتي دان هندقله برتيندق دي انتارا ساتو سام لاين دڠن سماڠت ڤرساودارأن.}}}}</div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Semua manusia dilahirkan bebas dan sama rata dari segi maruah dan hak-hak. Mereka mempunyai pemikiran dan perasaan hati dan hendaklah bertindak di antara satu sama lain dengan semangat persaudaraan.''}} * '''[[Basa Jawa|Jawa]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|سابَين اووڠ كالايراكي كانڟي مارديکا لان داربَي مرتبة لان حق۲ كاڠ ڤاڎا. كابَيه ڤيناريڠان عقل لان قلبو سارتا كأجاب ڤاسراوڠان اڠڮونَي مميتران سيجي لان سيجيني كانڟي جيوا سومادولور.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Sabén uwong kalairaké kanthi mardikå lan darbé martabat lan hak-hak kang pådhå. Kabèh pinaringan akal lan kalbu sartå kaajab pasrawungan anggoné mêmitran siji lan sijiné kanthi jiwå sumadulur.''}} * '''[[Basa Madura|Madura]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|ساڊۤاجۤانا عَورَيڠ لاهَير مارڊيكا عَيسارۤڠَي ڊ‎رۤاجۤات کلابۤان هاء۲ سَي پادۤا. ساڊۤاجۤانا عَيڤارَيڠَي أکال سارۤڠ نوراني كَوڊو أرۤڠ-سارۤڠ أكانچا كاڊي تارَيتان.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Sâdhâjâna orèng lahèr mardhika èsarengè dhrâjhât klabân ha'-ha' sè padâ. Sâdhâjâna èparèngè akal sareng nurani bân kodhu areng-sareng akanca kadhi tarètan.''}} * '''[[Basa Kumoring]]''' <div lang="kge" dir=rtl> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|كأوݧين جولما تيلاحيركو مرديكا ريک اوت ڤيئيل ريک حق-حق سي گوه-گوه. تيان تيئونجوک اكل ڤيكيرن ريک هاتي نوراني ماري تيان داڤوک ݧامڤور ريک سي باريه ن ديلوم سماڠت بوكولڤه.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai goh-goh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.''}} * '''[[Basa Torwali|Torwali]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|چیلس مے اے گم تھو. تیسی نم تھورنالا تھو. تھےت اے ڇھی چھی. تی مے قیسا تونو اں دے کیجی. ے دےو تی زےد مایان ھوشو. ا ڇھی یا زاون اشی دا ھے و نو.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Čilas me e gam thu. Tisi nam Thornala thu. Thet e ĉhi čhi. Ti me qisa tunu ä̃ de kiji. E deo ti zed məyən hušu. Ä ĉhi yə zəwan äši da he u anu.''}} * '''[[Basa Kumoring|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''Uwat samungkal tiyuh di Chilas. Golarna Thornala. Uwat obay. Oya kok nyaritako carita hasa jak bangukna diwik. Osay raksasa anggoringina. Harak bay sina lokok ngura, oya biaso lapah guk tukak uway untuk ngatot uway.''}} * '''[[Basa Punjabi|Punjabi]] ''' <div lang="punjabi" dir=rtl> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|لہور پاکستانی پنجاب دی راجدھانی اے۔ لوک گݨتی دے نال کراچی توں بعد لہور دوجا سبھ توں وڈا شہر اے۔ لہور پاکستان دا سیاسی، رہتلی کاروباری اتے پڑھائی دا گڑھ اے اتے، ایسے لئی ایہہ نوں پاکستان دا دل وی کہا جاندا اے۔ لہور راوی دریا دے کنڈھے تے وسدا اے۔ ایسدی لوک گݨتی اک کروڑ دے نیڑے اے۔}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Lahaur Pākistānī Panjāb dī rājtā̀ni ài. Lok giṇtī de nāḷ Karācī tõ bāad Lahaur dūjā sáb tõ vaḍḍā šáir ài. Lahaur Pākistān dā siāsī, kārobāri ate paṛā̀ī dā gáṛ ài te ise laī ínū̃ Pākistān dā dil vī kihā jāndā ài. Lahaur Rāvī dariā de káṇḍè te vassdā ài. Isdī lok giṇtī ikk karoṛ de neṛe ài.''}} * '''[[Basa Kumoring|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''[[Lahore]] joda da ibukota jak Punjab [[Pakistan]]. Lahore joda da kota paling balak keduo saradu [[Karachi]]. Lahore joda da pusat politik, budaya, rik pandidikan Pakistan, sampai-sampai tigolari sabagai jantungna [[Pakistan]]. Lahore tipik di pinggir Sungai Ravi, populasina rodik puluh juta jiwa.''}} * '''[[Basa Sarikoli|Sarikoli]] <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|ئەۋەل بىرىنچى مەسەلە چى تېر گەپ كەيەن. تۇجىك مىلەت خۈيەن زىڤ ياست. يەد زىڤ ئاپتۇنۇم نايە ئەر دايرە قۇلانمىش ساۇد. جەنۇبى شىنجاڭەن يۇركاند، پۇسكام، قەرغەلېغ، پىشان قەتارلېق جۇىېفەن ۋى تۇجىك خېىل ئۇخشاش نە ياذىن، دى جۇىېنج تۇجىك خېىل ئەساس ئەز جەت خۈ زىڤ قۇلەنمىش كەيىن، خۈ مىلەتەن ۋى زىڤ قۇلەنمىش چېىگ ۋە ئە ۋى تەرەقى چېىگ ئەساسى قانۈن ذۇجېنج ھۇقۇق. ئەگەر ئى مىلەتەن غاڤ زىڤ ڤىد، كىتۇبى زىڤ څە نە ڤىد، دى رەڭ زىڤەن ۋى رەفاند ۋە تەرەقىيات چەكلىمەرى دىچۇر خىرد. مداس چېىگ لېڤد ئەلا كيۈ مىلەت ئەساسى قانۈن ذۇجېنج ئەز ھۇقۇق تۇلۇق بەھرىمەند نە سېذجېنج ساۇد. يىزېق لېڤجېنج ئە زىڤ خاتىرلەمىش چېىگىچۇز بەلگۈ، يەنى ئى مى قەتى مۈناسىبەتلىگ ڤەذجېنج «پىن‌يىن» سېستىما چى چېر ۋەذد قەتى ھۇسىل سېذجېنج، دىەن ھىچ رەڭ سىر نىست، «پىن‌يىن» لايەيەن ۋى تۈزۈلۈش مافېق څە ساۇد، ھىچ رەڭ ئەلۇكەت مەس پېيدۇ نە ساۇد. ڤىزېقەن ئەت زىڤ مەذان ڤەذجېنج زىدىيەت مەس ئۇبىكتىپ ھالدە ئى تەرەف سېت قەتى تېر سەۋىيە قەتى بىرلىگىر یاذد. مۈستەقىل تەرەقى چاݝجېنج ئى زىڤەن كيەمان ۋىرى ماس يېتىچۇز ڤىد كەرەك. ئىلىم ۋە رەفاند ئەز نۇختا زاݗت ئەلا يەد داۇلىرى ئۇىغۇن چېر.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Awal birinqi masala qi ter gap kayan. Tujik milat hüyan ziv yost. Yad ziv optunum noya ar doira khulanmix soud. Janubi Xinjongan Yurkond, Puskom, KHarghalegh, Pixan khatorlekh juiefan wi Tujik heil uhxox na yozzin, Di juienj Tujik heil asos az jat hü ziv khulanmix kayin, Hü milatan wi ziv khulanmix qeig wa a wi tarakhi qeig Asosi KHonün zzujenj hyukhukh. Agar i milatan ghov ziv vid, kitubi ziv tsa na vid, di rang zivan wi rafond wa tarakhiyot qaklimari diqur hird. M dos qeig levd alo k yü milat Asosi KHonün zzujenj az hyukhukh tulukh bahyrimand na sezzjenj soud. Yizekh levjenj a ziv hotirlamix qeigiquz balgü, yani i mi khati münosibatlig vezzjenj pinyin sestimo qi qer wezzd khati hyusil sezzjenj, dian hyiq rang sir nist, Pinyin loyayan wi tüzülüx mofekh tsa soud, hyiq rang alukat mas peidu na soud. Vizekhan at ziv mazzon vezzjenj zidiyat mas ubiktip hyolda i taraf set khati ter sawiya khati birligir yozzd. Müstakhil tarakhi qogcjenj i zivan Kyamon wiri mos yetiquz i yizekh vid karak. Ilim wa rafond az nuhto zoct alo yad douliri uighun qer.''}} * '''[[Basa Kumoring|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''Payu kita bahas partanyaan partamo pai. Jolma Tajik uwat basa tiyan diwik. Basa hasa umum tipakai di daerah otonom rik mak pandai tigontiko rik basa barih. Sumang rik jolma Tajik di Yarkand, Poskam, Kargilik rik pok barih di hulu Xinjiang, lamon jolma Tajik dija sa sacara eksklusif atawa sabagian balak makai basa tiyan diwik. Panggunaan rik pangombangan bahasa nasional joda da hak sai diunjukko bak konstitusi. Aman osai Bangsa bih uwat basa lisan tapi makka basa tulisan, jadi pamakaian rik pangombangan bahasa sina justru bakal tibatasi, rik mak pandai nganikmati sacara wajar hak-hak sai diunjukko bak kontitusi. Tulisan joda da sakumpulan simbol sai ngarekam bahasa, rik sistem pinyin sai tikahik tipakai. Makka sai misterius rik kamona ho, rik skema pinyin sai tirancang holau-holau makwat nimbulko komplikasi piya juga. Kamungkinan kontradiksi antara teks rik basa bakal tiparadui sacara objektif rik arif bijaksano untuk nyapai tingkat konsistensi sai langgar. Osai basa sai bukombang sacara mandiri porlu uwat saparangkat karakter sai sasuai rik ia. Kamoja sa tamtu da jak sudut pandang akademis atawa praktis.''}} == Variasi == Lamon basa say umumna mayoritas panuturna panganut [[Islam|Agama Islam]] makay huruf Arab sa untuk basa tiyan say timodifikasi untuk nyasuwayko rik Basa tiyanna. Dibah ho daftarna * [[Huruf Arab Parsi]] untuk [[Basa Parsiya]] rik rumpun-rumpunna. * [[Huruf Arab Urdu]] untuk [[Basa Urdu]] rik basa-basa say tituturko di Asia Selatan khususna nagara [[Pakistan]]. * [[Huruf Arab Uyghur]] untuk [[Basa Uyghur]]. * [[Huruf Arab Malayu Jawi]] untuk [[Basa Malayu]] rik basa-basa di [[Indonesia]], [[Malaysiya]], [[Bruney Darussalam]], sabagiyan basa di [[Thailand]], rik [[Filipina]]. * [[Arab Pegon]] untuk [[Basa Jawa]], rik [[Basa Sunda]]. * [[Huruf Arab Sorabe]] untuk [[Basa Malagasi]] di [[Madagaskar]]. * [[Huruf Shahmukhi]] untuk [[Basa Punjabi]] di nagara [[Pakistan]] qtkl4xs1qejqzfvi8g52v24257fouu4 38201 38199 2026-06-20T22:49:18Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38201 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Huruf Hijaiyah''' atawa '''Huruf Arab''' joda da huruf say tipakay untuk nulis [[Bahasa Arab]], rik nulisko [[Al-Qur'an]]. == Huruf == {|class="floatright" style="text-align:center;" |+ style="font-size:125%;" | Huruf Hijaiyah mak bu Lam Alif rik Hamzah |- style="background:#F1F2F5;font-size:180%;" | {{Script/Arabic| خ }} | {{Script/Arabic| ح }} | {{Script/Arabic| ج }} | {{Script/Arabic| ث }} | {{Script/Arabic| ت }} | {{Script/Arabic| ب }} | {{Script/Arabic| ا }} |- style="background:#E3E6EB;" | {{IPA|khā’}} | {{IPA|ḥā’}} | {{IPA|jīm}} | {{IPA|tha’}} | {{IPA|tā’}} | {{IPA|bā’}} | {{IPA|alif}} |- style="background:#F1F2F5;font-size:180%;" | {{Script/Arabic| ص }} | {{Script/Arabic| ش }} | {{Script/Arabic| س }} | {{Script/Arabic| ز }} | {{Script/Arabic| ر }} | {{Script/Arabic| ذ }} | {{Script/Arabic| د }} |- style="background:#E3E6EB;" | {{IPA|ṣād}} | {{IPA|shīn}} | {{IPA|sīn}} | {{IPA|zāy / zayn}} | {{IPA|rā’}} | {{IPA|dhāl}} | {{IPA|dāl}} |- style="background:#F1F2F5;font-size:180%;" | {{Script/Arabic| ق }} | {{Script/Arabic| ف }} | {{Script/Arabic| غ }} | {{Script/Arabic| ع }} | {{Script/Arabic| ظ }} | {{Script/Arabic| ط }} | {{Script/Arabic| ض }} |- style="background:#E3E6EB;" | {{IPA|qāf}} | {{IPA|fā’}} | {{IPA|ghayn}} | {{IPA|‘ayn}} | {{IPA|ẓā’}} | {{IPA|ṭā’}} | {{IPA|ḍād}} |- style="background:#F1F2F5;font-size:180%;" | {{Script/Arabic| ي }} | {{Script/Arabic| و }} | {{Script/Arabic| ه }} | {{Script/Arabic| ن }} | {{Script/Arabic| م }} | {{Script/Arabic| ل }} | {{Script/Arabic| ك }} |- style="background:#E3E6EB;" | {{IPA|yā’}} | style="width: 3em;" | {{IPA|wāw}} | style="width: 3em;" | {{IPA|hā’}} | style="width: 3em;" | {{IPA|nūn}} | style="width: 3em;" | {{IPA|mīm}} | style="width: 3em;" | {{IPA|lām}} | style="width: 3em;" | {{IPA|kāf}} |- |أ |آ |إ |ئ |ؠ |ء |ࢬ |- |alif hamza↑ |alif madda |alif hamza↓ |yā’ hamza↑ |kashmiri yā’ |hamza |rohingya yā’ |- |ى |ٱ |ی |ە |ً |ٌ |ٍ |- |alif maksura |alif wasla |farsi yā’ |ae |fathatan |dammatan |kasratan |- |َ |ُ |ِ |ّ |ْ |ٓ |ۤ |- |fatha |damma |kasra |shadda |sukun |maddah |madda |- |ں |ٹ |ٺ |ٻ |پ |ٿ |ڃ |- |nūn ghunna |ttā’ |ttāhā’ |bāā’ |pā’ |tāhā’ |nyā’ |- |ڄ |چ |ڇ |ڈ |ڌ |ڍ |ڎ |- |dyā’ |tchā’ |tchahā’ |ddāl |dāhāl |ddāhāl |duul |- |ڑ |ژ |ڤ |ڦ |ک |ڭ |گ |- |rrā’ |jā’ |vā’ |pāḥā’ |kāḥā’ |ng |gāf |- |ڳ |ڻ |ھ |ہ |ة |ۃ |ۅ |- |gueh |rnūn |hā’ doachashmee |hā’ goal |tā’ marbuta |tā’ marbuta goal |kirghiz oe |- |ۆ |ۇ |ۈ |ۉ |ۋ |ې |ے |- |oe |u |yu |kirghiz yu |ve |e |yā’ barree |- |} Huruf Arab atawa Huruf Hijaiyah kok tiadaptasi untuk tipakay dilom macom-ragom basa silaw jak [[Bahasa Arab]], tikuruk da [[Basa Parsi|Persia]], [[Bahasa Melayu|Melayu]], rik [[Bahasa Urdu|Urdu]], say layon da basa [[Rumpun basa Semitik|Semit]]. Adaptasi sina mangkali anjajakko huruf say tiubah atawa ompay untuk ngawakili fonom say mak timbul dilom fonologi [[Bahasa Arab|Arab]]. Misalna, basa [[Bahasa Arab|Arab]] makka bunyi plosif bilabial mak busuara ([p]), ulah sina lamon basa-basa say nambahi hurufna diwik untuk ngalambangko [p] dilom huruf, walawpun huruf sapasifik say tipakay buvariasi jak osay basa guk basa barihna. Modifikasi hasa risok tibagi dilom kalumpuk: basa [[India]] rik [[Turki]]. == Cuntuh Tulisan == * '''[[Basa Arab|Arab]]''' <div lang="arabic" dir=rtl> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|يولد جميع الناس أحراراً متساوين في الكرامة والحقوق، وقد وهبوا عقلاً وضميراً وعليهم أن يعامل بعضهم بعضاً بروح الإخاء.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Transliterasi Arab ALA-LC]]''' {{Quote|''Yūlad jamīʻ al-nās aḥrār-an mutasāwīn fil-karāma-ti wal-huqūq-i, wa-qad wuhibū ʻaql-an wa-ḍamīr-an wa-ʻalayhim an yuʻāmil-u baʻduhum baʻd-an bi-rūh al-ikhāʼ-i.''}} * '''[[Basa Arab Mosir|Arab Mosir]]''' <div lang="kge" dir=rtl> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|الاعلان العالمى لحقوق الانسان, البند الاولانى البنى ادمين كلهم مولودين حرّين ومتساويين فى الكرامة والحقوق. اتوهبلهم العقل والضمير، والمفروض يعاملو بعضيهم بروح الاخوية.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin Franco Arab]]''' {{Quote|''el e3lan el 3alami le 72u2 el ensan, el band el awalani el bani2admin kollohom mawlodin 7orrin we metsawyin fel karama wel 7o2u2. Etwahablohom el 3a2l wel damir, wel mafrud ye3amlo ba3dihom be ro7 el akhaweya.''}} * '''[[Basa Urdu|Urdu]]''' <div lang="Hindustani" dir=rtl> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|دفعہ ١: تمام اِنسان آزاد اور حُقوق و عِزت کے اعتبار سے برابر پَیدا ہُوئے ہَیں۔ انہیں ضمِیر اور عقل ودِیعت ہوئی ہَیں۔ اِس لئے انہیں ایک دُوسرے کے ساتھ بھائی چارے کا سُلُوک کرنا چاہئے۔}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Dafʻah 1: Tamām insān āzād aur ḥuqūq ō ʻizzat kē iʻtibār sē barābar paidā hu’ē haĩ. Unhē̃ żamīr aur ʻaql wadīʻat hu’ī haĩ. Isli’ē unhē̃ ēk dūsrē kē sāth bhā’ī cārē kā sulūk karnā cāhi’ē.''}} * '''[[Basa Kashmiri|Kashmiri]]''' <div lang="kashmir" dir=rtl> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|سٲری اِنسان چھِ آزاد زامٕتؠ۔ وؠقار تہٕ حۆقوٗق چھِ ہِوی۔ تِمَن چھُ سوچ سَمَج عَطا کَرنہٕ آمُت تہٕ تِمَن پَزِ بٲے بَرادٔری ہٕنٛدِس جَذباتَس تَحَت اَکھ أکِس اَکار بَکار یُن۔}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Sə̄rī insān čhi āzād zāmytj. Vjakār ty hokūk čhi hivī. Timan čhu sōč samaž atā karny āmut ty timan pazi bə̄i barādərī hyndis žazbātas tahat akh əkis akār bakār jun.''}} * '''[[Basa Marwari|Marwari]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|سگݪا مݨکه نے گورو ان ادهکاروں رے راسے مای جݪم سوں سوتنترا انے سمانتا پراپت چهے. وݨی رے گوڑے بده ان انتراتما ری پراپتی چهے ان وݨی نے بهیئیپاݪا بهاونا سو اےکبیجے رے سارو ورتن کرݨو جوییجے چهے.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Sagḷā miṇakh nai gaurav an adhikārõ re rāse māy jaḷam sū̃ svatantrā ane samāntā prāpt che. Vaṇī re goṛe buddhi an antarātmā rī prāptī che an vaṇī ne bhaiīpāḷā bhāvnā sū ekbīje re sārū vartan karṇo joyījai che.''}} * '''[[Basa Dogri|Dogri]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|سارے منکّھ میہما تے ادھکاریں دے بشے چ جنمے تھماں ستیںتر تے بروبر ن۔ ا'نیںگی بدّھ تے جمیرے دی دین تھہوئی اے تے ا'نیںگی آپوں-بچّیں بھائیچارے دے بھاوے کنّے بیہار کرنا لوڑدا اے۔}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Sārē manukkha maihmā tē adhikārēṁ dē biśē ca janamai thamāṁ sutaintar tē barōbar na. U'nēṁgī buddhi tē jamīrai dī dēn thhōī ai tē u'nēṁgī āpūṁ-biccēṁ bhāīcārē dē bhāvai kannai byahār karanā lōṛadā ai.''}} * '''[[Basa Rohingya|Rohingya]]''' <div lang="rohingya" dir=rtl> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|مَنُ࣪شۡ بࣦگُّ࣪نۡ اَزَدۡ حِ࣭سَفࣦ، اَرۡ عِزّࣤتۡ اَرۡدࣦ حࣤ࣪قۡ اࣤ࣪كّࣤلۡ اࣤ࣪تۡ، فُ࣪وَ࣪نَّ࣪ࢬ حِ࣭سَفࣦ فࣤيۡدَ اࣤ࣪يّࣦ. فࣤتِّ اِنۡسَ࣪نۡ اࣤ࣪تُّ هࣤنࣤ࣪ فࣤرࣤ࣪كۡ سَ࣪رَ࣪ عࣦلَنۡ اࣤتۡ اَسࣦ࣭دࣦ تَمَ࣪مۡ حࣤ࣪قۡ اࣤ࣪كّࣤلۡ اَرۡدࣦ اَزَدِ اࣤ࣪كّࣤلۡ لࣤيۡ فَ࣫يۡدَ࣪ گࣤرࣤ࣫نۡ اࣤ࣪رۡ حࣤ࣪قۡ اَسࣦ࣭. اَرۡ، تَرَ࣪رࣦ࣭ دِلۡ اَرۡدࣦ دࣦمَكۡ دِيࣦ࣭ اࣤ࣪تࣤ࣪لَّ، تَرَ࣪تُّ࣪ اࣦك زࣤنۡ لࣤيۡ اَرۡ اࣦكۡزࣤنۡ بَ࣪يۡ حِ࣭سَفࣦ مَامَلَ گࣤرࣤ࣫نۡ سَ࣬.‎}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Manúic beggún azad hísafe, ar izzot arde hók ókkol ót, fúainna hísafe foida óiye. Fottí insán óttu honó forók sára elan ot aséde tamám hók ókkol arde azadi ókkol loi fáaida goróon ór hók asé. Ar, taráre dil arde demak diyé. Ótolla, taráttu ekzon loi arekzon bái hísafe maamela goróon saá.''}} * '''[[Basa Tatar|Tatar (İske imlâ) 1870s-1920]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|بارلق كشیلر دا آزاد هم اوز آبرويلري هم حقوقلری یاغیننن تینک بولیپ طوالر. آلرغا عقل هم وجدان برلگان هم بر-برسینا قراطا طوغاننرچا مناسبتتا بولرغا تییشلر.}}}} </div> * '''[[Basa|Tatar (Yaña imlâ) 1920-1927]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|بارلئق كئشئلەر دە ئازات هەم ئوز ئابرویلارئ هەم حۇقوقلارئ یاعئننان تیڭ بولئپ توالار. ئالارعا ئاقئل هەم وۇجدان بیرئلگەن هەم بئر-بئرسئنە قاراتا توعاننارچا مۇناسەبەتتە بولئرعا تیئشلەر.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Barlıq keşelär dä azat häm üz abruyları häm xoquqları yağınnan tiñ bulıp tualar. Alarğa aqıl häm wöcdan birelğan häm ber-bersenä qarata tuğannarça mönasäbättä bulırğa tiyeşlär.''}} * '''[[Basa Azerbaijan|Azeri]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|بوتون اينسانلار حيثييت و حاقلار باخيميندان دنك برابر و اركين آزاد دوغولارلار. اوس عقل و اويات ويجدان ييهﺳﻴﺪيرلر و بير بيرلرينه قارشى قارداشليق روحو ايله داوراماليدرلار.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Bütün insanlar heysiyyət və haqlar baxımından dənk bərabər və ərkin azad doğularlar. Us əql və uyat vicdan yiyəsidirlər və bir birlərinə qarşı qardaşlıq ruhu ilə davranmalıdırlar.''}} * '''[[Basa Dari|Dari]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|تمام افراد بشر آزاد زاده می شوند و از لحاظ حيثيت و کرامت و حقوق با هم برابرند. همگی دارای عقل و وجدان هستند و بايد با يکديگر با روحيه ای برادرانه رفتار کنند.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Tamām-e afrād-e bašar āzād zāde mīšūnad va az leḥāż-e ḥais̱īyat-o karāmat-o ḥoqūq bā ham barābarānd. hamgī dārā-ye ʿaql-o vejdān hastand va bāyad bā yekdīgar bā rūḥīye ai barādarāne raftār konand.''}} * '''[[Basa Parsiya|Parsiya]]''' <div lang="kge" dir=rtl> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|همه‌ی افراد بشر آزاد به دنیا می‌آیند و حیثیت و حقوق‌شان با هم برابر است، همه اندیشه و وجدان دارند و باید در برابر یکدیگر با روح برادری رفتار کنند.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Hame-ye afrād-e bashar āzād be donyā mi āyand o heysiyat o hoquq-e shān bā ham barābar ast, hame andishe o vejdān dārand o bāyad dar barābare yekdigar bā ruh-e barādari raftār konand.''}} * '''[[Basa Swahili|Swahili]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|وَاتُ وٗوتٖ وَمٖزَلِيوَ هُورُ، هَاذِ نَ هَاكِ زَاءٗ نِ سَاوَ۔ وٗوتٖ وَمٖجَلِيوَ أَكِيلِ نَ ذَمِيرِ، هِيڤيٗ يَپَاسَ وَتٖندٖئَانٖ كِندُوڠُ.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Watu wote wamezaliwa huru, hadhi na haki zao ni sawa. Wote wamejaliwa akili na dhamiri, hivyo yapasa watendeane kindugu.''}} * '''[[Basa Wolof|Wolof]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|دࣷومِ آدَمَ يࣺݒّ دَنُيْ جُدُّ، يَمْ ݖِ تَوفࣹيخْ ݖِ سَگْ اَکْ سَݧْ-سَݧْ. نࣹکّ نَ اِتْ کُ خَمْ دࣴگّ تࣹ اࣵ‎ندْ نَ خࣹلَمْ، تࣹ وَرْ نَا جࣴفْلَنْتࣹ اَکْ نَوْلࣹينْ، تࣹ تࣹگْ کࣷ ݖِ وࣵلُّ مبࣷکّ.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Doomi aadama yépp danuy juddu, yam ci tawfeex ci sag ak sañ-sañ. Nekk na it ku xam dëgg te ànd na ak xelam, te war naa jëflante ak nawleen, te teg ko ci wàllu mbokk.''}} * '''[[Basa Uyghur|Uyghur]]''' <div lang="uyghur" dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|ھەممە ئادەم زانىدىنلا ئەركىن، ئىززەت-ھۆرمەت ۋە ھوقۇقتا باپباراۋەر بولۇپ تۇغۇلغان. ئۇلار ئەقىلغە ۋە ۋىجدانغا ئىگە ھەمدە بىر-بىرىگە قېرىنداشلىق مۇناسىۋىتىگە خاس روھ بىلەن موئامىلە قىلىشى كېرەك.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Hemme adem zanidinla erkin, izzet-hörmet we hoquqta bapbarawer bolup tughulghun. Ular eqilghe we wijdan'gha ige hemde bir-birige qërindashliq munasiwitige xas roh bilen moamile qilishi kërek.''}} * '''[[Basa Indonesia|Indonesia]]''' <div dir=rtl>{{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|سموا اورڠ ديلاهركن مرديك دان ممڤوڽاي مارتبة دان حق-حق يڠ سام. مريك دي كرونياي اكل دان هاتي نوراني دان هندق ڽ برڬاول ساتو سام لاين دالم سماڠت ڤرساودارأن.}}}}</div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Semua orang dilahirkan merdeka dan mempunyai martabat dan hak-hak yang sama. Mereka dikaruniai akal dan hati nurani dan hendaknya bergaul satu sama lain dalam semangat persaudaraan.''}} * '''[[Basa Malayu|Malayu]]''' </div><div dir=rtl>{{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|سموا مانوسيا ديلاهركن بيبس دان سام رات دري سڬي مرواه دان حق-حق. مريك ممڤوڽاي ڤميكيرن دان ڤراسان هاتي دان هندقله برتيندق دي انتارا ساتو سام لاين دڠن سماڠت ڤرساودارأن.}}}}</div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Semua manusia dilahirkan bebas dan sama rata dari segi maruah dan hak-hak. Mereka mempunyai pemikiran dan perasaan hati dan hendaklah bertindak di antara satu sama lain dengan semangat persaudaraan.''}} * '''[[Basa Jawa|Jawa]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|سابَين اووڠ كالايراكي كانڟي مارديکا لان داربَي مرتبة لان حق۲ كاڠ ڤاڎا. كابَيه ڤيناريڠان عقل لان قلبو سارتا كأجاب ڤاسراوڠان اڠڮونَي مميتران سيجي لان سيجيني كانڟي جيوا سومادولور.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Sabén uwong kalairaké kanthi mardikå lan darbé martabat lan hak-hak kang pådhå. Kabèh pinaringan akal lan kalbu sartå kaajab pasrawungan anggoné mêmitran siji lan sijiné kanthi jiwå sumadulur.''}} * '''[[Basa Madura|Madura]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|ساڊۤاجۤانا عَورَيڠ لاهَير مارڊيكا عَيسارۤڠَي ڊ‎رۤاجۤات کلابۤان هاء۲ سَي پادۤا. ساڊۤاجۤانا عَيڤارَيڠَي أکال سارۤڠ نوراني كَوڊو أرۤڠ-سارۤڠ أكانچا كاڊي تارَيتان.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Sâdhâjâna orèng lahèr mardhika èsarengè dhrâjhât klabân ha'-ha' sè padâ. Sâdhâjâna èparèngè akal sareng nurani bân kodhu areng-sareng akanca kadhi tarètan.''}} * '''[[Basa Kumoring]]''' <div lang="kge" dir=rtl> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|كأوݧين جولما تيلاحيركو مرديكا ريک اوت ڤيئيل ريک حق-حق سي گوه-گوه. تيان تيئونجوک اكل ڤيكيرن ريک هاتي نوراني ماري تيان داڤوک ݧامڤور ريک سي باريه ن ديلوم سماڠت بوكولڤه.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai goh-goh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.''}} * '''[[Basa Torwali|Torwali]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|چیلس مے اے گم تھو. تیسی نم تھورنالا تھو. تھےت اے ڇھی چھی. تی مے قیسا تونو اں دے کیجی. ے دےو تی زےد مایان ھوشو. ا ڇھی یا زاون اشی دا ھے و نو.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Čilas me e gam thu. Tisi nam Thornala thu. Thet e ĉhi čhi. Ti me qisa tunu ä̃ de kiji. E deo ti zed məyən hušu. Ä ĉhi yə zəwan äši da he u anu.''}} * '''[[Basa Kumoring|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''Uwat samungkal tiyuh di Chilas. Golarna Thornala. Uwat obay. Oya kok nyaritako carita hasa jak bangukna diwik. Osay raksasa anggoringina. Harak bay sina lokok ngura, oya biaso lapah guk tukak uway untuk ngatot uway.''}} * '''[[Basa Punjabi|Punjabi]] ''' <div lang="punjabi" dir=rtl> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|لہور پاکستانی پنجاب دی راجدھانی اے۔ لوک گݨتی دے نال کراچی توں بعد لہور دوجا سبھ توں وڈا شہر اے۔ لہور پاکستان دا سیاسی، رہتلی کاروباری اتے پڑھائی دا گڑھ اے اتے، ایسے لئی ایہہ نوں پاکستان دا دل وی کہا جاندا اے۔ لہور راوی دریا دے کنڈھے تے وسدا اے۔ ایسدی لوک گݨتی اک کروڑ دے نیڑے اے۔}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Lahaur Pākistānī Panjāb dī rājtā̀ni ài. Lok giṇtī de nāḷ Karācī tõ bāad Lahaur dūjā sáb tõ vaḍḍā šáir ài. Lahaur Pākistān dā siāsī, kārobāri ate paṛā̀ī dā gáṛ ài te ise laī ínū̃ Pākistān dā dil vī kihā jāndā ài. Lahaur Rāvī dariā de káṇḍè te vassdā ài. Isdī lok giṇtī ikk karoṛ de neṛe ài.''}} * '''[[Basa Kumoring|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''[[Lahore]] joda da ibukota jak Punjab [[Pakistan]]. Lahore joda da kota paling balak keduo saradu [[Karachi]]. Lahore joda da pusat politik, budaya, rik pandidikan Pakistan, sampai-sampai tigolari sabagai jantungna [[Pakistan]]. Lahore tipik di pinggir Sungai Ravi, populasina rodik puluh juta jiwa.''}} * '''[[Basa Sarikoli|Sarikoli]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|ئەۋەل بىرىنچى مەسەلە چى تېر گەپ كەيەن. تۇجىك مىلەت خۈيەن زىڤ ياست. يەد زىڤ ئاپتۇنۇم نايە ئەر دايرە قۇلانمىش ساۇد. جەنۇبى شىنجاڭەن يۇركاند، پۇسكام، قەرغەلېغ، پىشان قەتارلېق جۇىېفەن ۋى تۇجىك خېىل ئۇخشاش نە ياذىن، دى جۇىېنج تۇجىك خېىل ئەساس ئەز جەت خۈ زىڤ قۇلەنمىش كەيىن، خۈ مىلەتەن ۋى زىڤ قۇلەنمىش چېىگ ۋە ئە ۋى تەرەقى چېىگ ئەساسى قانۈن ذۇجېنج ھۇقۇق. ئەگەر ئى مىلەتەن غاڤ زىڤ ڤىد، كىتۇبى زىڤ څە نە ڤىد، دى رەڭ زىڤەن ۋى رەفاند ۋە تەرەقىيات چەكلىمەرى دىچۇر خىرد. مداس چېىگ لېڤد ئەلا كيۈ مىلەت ئەساسى قانۈن ذۇجېنج ئەز ھۇقۇق تۇلۇق بەھرىمەند نە سېذجېنج ساۇد. يىزېق لېڤجېنج ئە زىڤ خاتىرلەمىش چېىگىچۇز بەلگۈ، يەنى ئى مى قەتى مۈناسىبەتلىگ ڤەذجېنج «پىن‌يىن» سېستىما چى چېر ۋەذد قەتى ھۇسىل سېذجېنج، دىەن ھىچ رەڭ سىر نىست، «پىن‌يىن» لايەيەن ۋى تۈزۈلۈش مافېق څە ساۇد، ھىچ رەڭ ئەلۇكەت مەس پېيدۇ نە ساۇد. ڤىزېقەن ئەت زىڤ مەذان ڤەذجېنج زىدىيەت مەس ئۇبىكتىپ ھالدە ئى تەرەف سېت قەتى تېر سەۋىيە قەتى بىرلىگىر یاذد. مۈستەقىل تەرەقى چاݝجېنج ئى زىڤەن كيەمان ۋىرى ماس يېتىچۇز ڤىد كەرەك. ئىلىم ۋە رەفاند ئەز نۇختا زاݗت ئەلا يەد داۇلىرى ئۇىغۇن چېر.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Awal birinqi masala qi ter gap kayan. Tujik milat hüyan ziv yost. Yad ziv optunum noya ar doira khulanmix soud. Janubi Xinjongan Yurkond, Puskom, KHarghalegh, Pixan khatorlekh juiefan wi Tujik heil uhxox na yozzin, Di juienj Tujik heil asos az jat hü ziv khulanmix kayin, Hü milatan wi ziv khulanmix qeig wa a wi tarakhi qeig Asosi KHonün zzujenj hyukhukh. Agar i milatan ghov ziv vid, kitubi ziv tsa na vid, di rang zivan wi rafond wa tarakhiyot qaklimari diqur hird. M dos qeig levd alo k yü milat Asosi KHonün zzujenj az hyukhukh tulukh bahyrimand na sezzjenj soud. Yizekh levjenj a ziv hotirlamix qeigiquz balgü, yani i mi khati münosibatlig vezzjenj pinyin sestimo qi qer wezzd khati hyusil sezzjenj, dian hyiq rang sir nist, Pinyin loyayan wi tüzülüx mofekh tsa soud, hyiq rang alukat mas peidu na soud. Vizekhan at ziv mazzon vezzjenj zidiyat mas ubiktip hyolda i taraf set khati ter sawiya khati birligir yozzd. Müstakhil tarakhi qogcjenj i zivan Kyamon wiri mos yetiquz i yizekh vid karak. Ilim wa rafond az nuhto zoct alo yad douliri uighun qer.''}} * '''[[Basa Kumoring|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''Payu kita bahas partanyaan partamo pai. Jolma Tajik uwat basa tiyan diwik. Basa hasa umum tipakai di daerah otonom rik mak pandai tigontiko rik basa barih. Sumang rik jolma Tajik di Yarkand, Poskam, Kargilik rik pok barih di hulu Xinjiang, lamon jolma Tajik dija sa sacara eksklusif atawa sabagian balak makai basa tiyan diwik. Panggunaan rik pangombangan bahasa nasional joda da hak sai diunjukko bak konstitusi. Aman osai Bangsa bih uwat basa lisan tapi makka basa tulisan, jadi pamakaian rik pangombangan bahasa sina justru bakal tibatasi, rik mak pandai nganikmati sacara wajar hak-hak sai diunjukko bak kontitusi. Tulisan joda da sakumpulan simbol sai ngarekam bahasa, rik sistem pinyin sai tikahik tipakai. Makka sai misterius rik kamona ho, rik skema pinyin sai tirancang holau-holau makwat nimbulko komplikasi piya juga. Kamungkinan kontradiksi antara teks rik basa bakal tiparadui sacara objektif rik arif bijaksano untuk nyapai tingkat konsistensi sai langgar. Osai basa sai bukombang sacara mandiri porlu uwat saparangkat karakter sai sasuai rik ia. Kamoja sa tamtu da jak sudut pandang akademis atawa praktis.''}} == Variasi == Lamon basa say umumna mayoritas panuturna panganut [[Islam|Agama Islam]] makay huruf Arab sa untuk basa tiyan say timodifikasi untuk nyasuwayko rik Basa tiyanna. Dibah ho daftarna * [[Huruf Arab Parsi]] untuk [[Basa Parsiya]] rik rumpun-rumpunna. * [[Huruf Arab Urdu]] untuk [[Basa Urdu]] rik basa-basa say tituturko di Asia Selatan khususna nagara [[Pakistan]]. * [[Huruf Arab Uyghur]] untuk [[Basa Uyghur]]. * [[Huruf Arab Malayu Jawi]] untuk [[Basa Malayu]] rik basa-basa di [[Indonesia]], [[Malaysiya]], [[Bruney Darussalam]], sabagiyan basa di [[Thailand]], rik [[Filipina]]. * [[Arab Pegon]] untuk [[Basa Jawa]], rik [[Basa Sunda]]. * [[Huruf Arab Sorabe]] untuk [[Basa Malagasi]] di [[Madagaskar]]. * [[Huruf Shahmukhi]] untuk [[Basa Punjabi]] di nagara [[Pakistan]] lbxxnb880vmknw1eb9anhnl0swmyayy 38221 38201 2026-06-21T08:26:54Z Àncilu 1583 [[Usus:LintErrors/stripped-tag]] 38221 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Huruf Hijaiyah''' atawa '''Huruf Arab''' joda da huruf say tipakay untuk nulis [[Bahasa Arab]], rik nulisko [[Al-Qur'an]]. == Huruf == {|class="floatright" style="text-align:center;" |+ style="font-size:125%;" | Huruf Hijaiyah mak bu Lam Alif rik Hamzah |- style="background:#F1F2F5;font-size:180%;" | {{Script/Arabic| خ }} | {{Script/Arabic| ح }} | {{Script/Arabic| ج }} | {{Script/Arabic| ث }} | {{Script/Arabic| ت }} | {{Script/Arabic| ب }} | {{Script/Arabic| ا }} |- style="background:#E3E6EB;" | {{IPA|khā’}} | {{IPA|ḥā’}} | {{IPA|jīm}} | {{IPA|tha’}} | {{IPA|tā’}} | {{IPA|bā’}} | {{IPA|alif}} |- style="background:#F1F2F5;font-size:180%;" | {{Script/Arabic| ص }} | {{Script/Arabic| ش }} | {{Script/Arabic| س }} | {{Script/Arabic| ز }} | {{Script/Arabic| ر }} | {{Script/Arabic| ذ }} | {{Script/Arabic| د }} |- style="background:#E3E6EB;" | {{IPA|ṣād}} | {{IPA|shīn}} | {{IPA|sīn}} | {{IPA|zāy / zayn}} | {{IPA|rā’}} | {{IPA|dhāl}} | {{IPA|dāl}} |- style="background:#F1F2F5;font-size:180%;" | {{Script/Arabic| ق }} | {{Script/Arabic| ف }} | {{Script/Arabic| غ }} | {{Script/Arabic| ع }} | {{Script/Arabic| ظ }} | {{Script/Arabic| ط }} | {{Script/Arabic| ض }} |- style="background:#E3E6EB;" | {{IPA|qāf}} | {{IPA|fā’}} | {{IPA|ghayn}} | {{IPA|‘ayn}} | {{IPA|ẓā’}} | {{IPA|ṭā’}} | {{IPA|ḍād}} |- style="background:#F1F2F5;font-size:180%;" | {{Script/Arabic| ي }} | {{Script/Arabic| و }} | {{Script/Arabic| ه }} | {{Script/Arabic| ن }} | {{Script/Arabic| م }} | {{Script/Arabic| ل }} | {{Script/Arabic| ك }} |- style="background:#E3E6EB;" | {{IPA|yā’}} | style="width: 3em;" | {{IPA|wāw}} | style="width: 3em;" | {{IPA|hā’}} | style="width: 3em;" | {{IPA|nūn}} | style="width: 3em;" | {{IPA|mīm}} | style="width: 3em;" | {{IPA|lām}} | style="width: 3em;" | {{IPA|kāf}} |- |أ |آ |إ |ئ |ؠ |ء |ࢬ |- |alif hamza↑ |alif madda |alif hamza↓ |yā’ hamza↑ |kashmiri yā’ |hamza |rohingya yā’ |- |ى |ٱ |ی |ە |ً |ٌ |ٍ |- |alif maksura |alif wasla |farsi yā’ |ae |fathatan |dammatan |kasratan |- |َ |ُ |ِ |ّ |ْ |ٓ |ۤ |- |fatha |damma |kasra |shadda |sukun |maddah |madda |- |ں |ٹ |ٺ |ٻ |پ |ٿ |ڃ |- |nūn ghunna |ttā’ |ttāhā’ |bāā’ |pā’ |tāhā’ |nyā’ |- |ڄ |چ |ڇ |ڈ |ڌ |ڍ |ڎ |- |dyā’ |tchā’ |tchahā’ |ddāl |dāhāl |ddāhāl |duul |- |ڑ |ژ |ڤ |ڦ |ک |ڭ |گ |- |rrā’ |jā’ |vā’ |pāḥā’ |kāḥā’ |ng |gāf |- |ڳ |ڻ |ھ |ہ |ة |ۃ |ۅ |- |gueh |rnūn |hā’ doachashmee |hā’ goal |tā’ marbuta |tā’ marbuta goal |kirghiz oe |- |ۆ |ۇ |ۈ |ۉ |ۋ |ې |ے |- |oe |u |yu |kirghiz yu |ve |e |yā’ barree |- |} Huruf Arab atawa Huruf Hijaiyah kok tiadaptasi untuk tipakay dilom macom-ragom basa silaw jak [[Bahasa Arab]], tikuruk da [[Basa Parsi|Persia]], [[Bahasa Melayu|Melayu]], rik [[Bahasa Urdu|Urdu]], say layon da basa [[Rumpun basa Semitik|Semit]]. Adaptasi sina mangkali anjajakko huruf say tiubah atawa ompay untuk ngawakili fonom say mak timbul dilom fonologi [[Bahasa Arab|Arab]]. Misalna, basa [[Bahasa Arab|Arab]] makka bunyi plosif bilabial mak busuara ([p]), ulah sina lamon basa-basa say nambahi hurufna diwik untuk ngalambangko [p] dilom huruf, walawpun huruf sapasifik say tipakay buvariasi jak osay basa guk basa barihna. Modifikasi hasa risok tibagi dilom kalumpuk: basa [[India]] rik [[Turki]]. == Cuntuh Tulisan == * '''[[Basa Arab|Arab]]''' <div lang="arabic" dir=rtl> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|يولد جميع الناس أحراراً متساوين في الكرامة والحقوق، وقد وهبوا عقلاً وضميراً وعليهم أن يعامل بعضهم بعضاً بروح الإخاء.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Transliterasi Arab ALA-LC]]''' {{Quote|''Yūlad jamīʻ al-nās aḥrār-an mutasāwīn fil-karāma-ti wal-huqūq-i, wa-qad wuhibū ʻaql-an wa-ḍamīr-an wa-ʻalayhim an yuʻāmil-u baʻduhum baʻd-an bi-rūh al-ikhāʼ-i.''}} * '''[[Basa Arab Mosir|Arab Mosir]]''' <div lang="kge" dir=rtl> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|الاعلان العالمى لحقوق الانسان, البند الاولانى البنى ادمين كلهم مولودين حرّين ومتساويين فى الكرامة والحقوق. اتوهبلهم العقل والضمير، والمفروض يعاملو بعضيهم بروح الاخوية.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin Franco Arab]]''' {{Quote|''el e3lan el 3alami le 72u2 el ensan, el band el awalani el bani2admin kollohom mawlodin 7orrin we metsawyin fel karama wel 7o2u2. Etwahablohom el 3a2l wel damir, wel mafrud ye3amlo ba3dihom be ro7 el akhaweya.''}} * '''[[Basa Urdu|Urdu]]''' <div lang="Hindustani" dir=rtl> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|دفعہ ١: تمام اِنسان آزاد اور حُقوق و عِزت کے اعتبار سے برابر پَیدا ہُوئے ہَیں۔ انہیں ضمِیر اور عقل ودِیعت ہوئی ہَیں۔ اِس لئے انہیں ایک دُوسرے کے ساتھ بھائی چارے کا سُلُوک کرنا چاہئے۔}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Dafʻah 1: Tamām insān āzād aur ḥuqūq ō ʻizzat kē iʻtibār sē barābar paidā hu’ē haĩ. Unhē̃ żamīr aur ʻaql wadīʻat hu’ī haĩ. Isli’ē unhē̃ ēk dūsrē kē sāth bhā’ī cārē kā sulūk karnā cāhi’ē.''}} * '''[[Basa Kashmiri|Kashmiri]]''' <div lang="kashmir" dir=rtl> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|سٲری اِنسان چھِ آزاد زامٕتؠ۔ وؠقار تہٕ حۆقوٗق چھِ ہِوی۔ تِمَن چھُ سوچ سَمَج عَطا کَرنہٕ آمُت تہٕ تِمَن پَزِ بٲے بَرادٔری ہٕنٛدِس جَذباتَس تَحَت اَکھ أکِس اَکار بَکار یُن۔}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Sə̄rī insān čhi āzād zāmytj. Vjakār ty hokūk čhi hivī. Timan čhu sōč samaž atā karny āmut ty timan pazi bə̄i barādərī hyndis žazbātas tahat akh əkis akār bakār jun.''}} * '''[[Basa Marwari|Marwari]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|سگݪا مݨکه نے گورو ان ادهکاروں رے راسے مای جݪم سوں سوتنترا انے سمانتا پراپت چهے. وݨی رے گوڑے بده ان انتراتما ری پراپتی چهے ان وݨی نے بهیئیپاݪا بهاونا سو اےکبیجے رے سارو ورتن کرݨو جوییجے چهے.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Sagḷā miṇakh nai gaurav an adhikārõ re rāse māy jaḷam sū̃ svatantrā ane samāntā prāpt che. Vaṇī re goṛe buddhi an antarātmā rī prāptī che an vaṇī ne bhaiīpāḷā bhāvnā sū ekbīje re sārū vartan karṇo joyījai che.''}} * '''[[Basa Dogri|Dogri]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|سارے منکّھ میہما تے ادھکاریں دے بشے چ جنمے تھماں ستیںتر تے بروبر ن۔ ا'نیںگی بدّھ تے جمیرے دی دین تھہوئی اے تے ا'نیںگی آپوں-بچّیں بھائیچارے دے بھاوے کنّے بیہار کرنا لوڑدا اے۔}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Sārē manukkha maihmā tē adhikārēṁ dē biśē ca janamai thamāṁ sutaintar tē barōbar na. U'nēṁgī buddhi tē jamīrai dī dēn thhōī ai tē u'nēṁgī āpūṁ-biccēṁ bhāīcārē dē bhāvai kannai byahār karanā lōṛadā ai.''}} * '''[[Basa Rohingya|Rohingya]]''' <div lang="rohingya" dir=rtl> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|مَنُ࣪شۡ بࣦگُّ࣪نۡ اَزَدۡ حِ࣭سَفࣦ، اَرۡ عِزّࣤتۡ اَرۡدࣦ حࣤ࣪قۡ اࣤ࣪كّࣤلۡ اࣤ࣪تۡ، فُ࣪وَ࣪نَّ࣪ࢬ حِ࣭سَفࣦ فࣤيۡدَ اࣤ࣪يّࣦ. فࣤتِّ اِنۡسَ࣪نۡ اࣤ࣪تُّ هࣤنࣤ࣪ فࣤرࣤ࣪كۡ سَ࣪رَ࣪ عࣦلَنۡ اࣤتۡ اَسࣦ࣭دࣦ تَمَ࣪مۡ حࣤ࣪قۡ اࣤ࣪كّࣤلۡ اَرۡدࣦ اَزَدِ اࣤ࣪كّࣤلۡ لࣤيۡ فَ࣫يۡدَ࣪ گࣤرࣤ࣫نۡ اࣤ࣪رۡ حࣤ࣪قۡ اَسࣦ࣭. اَرۡ، تَرَ࣪رࣦ࣭ دِلۡ اَرۡدࣦ دࣦمَكۡ دِيࣦ࣭ اࣤ࣪تࣤ࣪لَّ، تَرَ࣪تُّ࣪ اࣦك زࣤنۡ لࣤيۡ اَرۡ اࣦكۡزࣤنۡ بَ࣪يۡ حِ࣭سَفࣦ مَامَلَ گࣤرࣤ࣫نۡ سَ࣬.‎}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Manúic beggún azad hísafe, ar izzot arde hók ókkol ót, fúainna hísafe foida óiye. Fottí insán óttu honó forók sára elan ot aséde tamám hók ókkol arde azadi ókkol loi fáaida goróon ór hók asé. Ar, taráre dil arde demak diyé. Ótolla, taráttu ekzon loi arekzon bái hísafe maamela goróon saá.''}} * '''[[Basa Tatar|Tatar (İske imlâ) 1870s-1920]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|بارلق كشیلر دا آزاد هم اوز آبرويلري هم حقوقلری یاغیننن تینک بولیپ طوالر. آلرغا عقل هم وجدان برلگان هم بر-برسینا قراطا طوغاننرچا مناسبتتا بولرغا تییشلر.}}}} </div> * '''[[Basa|Tatar (Yaña imlâ) 1920-1927]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|بارلئق كئشئلەر دە ئازات هەم ئوز ئابرویلارئ هەم حۇقوقلارئ یاعئننان تیڭ بولئپ توالار. ئالارعا ئاقئل هەم وۇجدان بیرئلگەن هەم بئر-بئرسئنە قاراتا توعاننارچا مۇناسەبەتتە بولئرعا تیئشلەر.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Barlıq keşelär dä azat häm üz abruyları häm xoquqları yağınnan tiñ bulıp tualar. Alarğa aqıl häm wöcdan birelğan häm ber-bersenä qarata tuğannarça mönasäbättä bulırğa tiyeşlär.''}} * '''[[Basa Azerbaijan|Azeri]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|بوتون اينسانلار حيثييت و حاقلار باخيميندان دنك برابر و اركين آزاد دوغولارلار. اوس عقل و اويات ويجدان ييهﺳﻴﺪيرلر و بير بيرلرينه قارشى قارداشليق روحو ايله داوراماليدرلار.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Bütün insanlar heysiyyət və haqlar baxımından dənk bərabər və ərkin azad doğularlar. Us əql və uyat vicdan yiyəsidirlər və bir birlərinə qarşı qardaşlıq ruhu ilə davranmalıdırlar.''}} * '''[[Basa Dari|Dari]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|تمام افراد بشر آزاد زاده می شوند و از لحاظ حيثيت و کرامت و حقوق با هم برابرند. همگی دارای عقل و وجدان هستند و بايد با يکديگر با روحيه ای برادرانه رفتار کنند.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Tamām-e afrād-e bašar āzād zāde mīšūnad va az leḥāż-e ḥais̱īyat-o karāmat-o ḥoqūq bā ham barābarānd. hamgī dārā-ye ʿaql-o vejdān hastand va bāyad bā yekdīgar bā rūḥīye ai barādarāne raftār konand.''}} * '''[[Basa Parsiya|Parsiya]]''' <div lang="kge" dir=rtl> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|همه‌ی افراد بشر آزاد به دنیا می‌آیند و حیثیت و حقوق‌شان با هم برابر است، همه اندیشه و وجدان دارند و باید در برابر یکدیگر با روح برادری رفتار کنند.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Hame-ye afrād-e bashar āzād be donyā mi āyand o heysiyat o hoquq-e shān bā ham barābar ast, hame andishe o vejdān dārand o bāyad dar barābare yekdigar bā ruh-e barādari raftār konand.''}} * '''[[Basa Swahili|Swahili]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|وَاتُ وٗوتٖ وَمٖزَلِيوَ هُورُ، هَاذِ نَ هَاكِ زَاءٗ نِ سَاوَ۔ وٗوتٖ وَمٖجَلِيوَ أَكِيلِ نَ ذَمِيرِ، هِيڤيٗ يَپَاسَ وَتٖندٖئَانٖ كِندُوڠُ.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Watu wote wamezaliwa huru, hadhi na haki zao ni sawa. Wote wamejaliwa akili na dhamiri, hivyo yapasa watendeane kindugu.''}} * '''[[Basa Wolof|Wolof]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|دࣷومِ آدَمَ يࣺݒّ دَنُيْ جُدُّ، يَمْ ݖِ تَوفࣹيخْ ݖِ سَگْ اَکْ سَݧْ-سَݧْ. نࣹکّ نَ اِتْ کُ خَمْ دࣴگّ تࣹ اࣵ‎ندْ نَ خࣹلَمْ، تࣹ وَرْ نَا جࣴفْلَنْتࣹ اَکْ نَوْلࣹينْ، تࣹ تࣹگْ کࣷ ݖِ وࣵلُّ مبࣷکّ.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Doomi aadama yépp danuy juddu, yam ci tawfeex ci sag ak sañ-sañ. Nekk na it ku xam dëgg te ànd na ak xelam, te war naa jëflante ak nawleen, te teg ko ci wàllu mbokk.''}} * '''[[Basa Uyghur|Uyghur]]''' <div lang="uyghur" dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|ھەممە ئادەم زانىدىنلا ئەركىن، ئىززەت-ھۆرمەت ۋە ھوقۇقتا باپباراۋەر بولۇپ تۇغۇلغان. ئۇلار ئەقىلغە ۋە ۋىجدانغا ئىگە ھەمدە بىر-بىرىگە قېرىنداشلىق مۇناسىۋىتىگە خاس روھ بىلەن موئامىلە قىلىشى كېرەك.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Hemme adem zanidinla erkin, izzet-hörmet we hoquqta bapbarawer bolup tughulghun. Ular eqilghe we wijdan'gha ige hemde bir-birige qërindashliq munasiwitige xas roh bilen moamile qilishi kërek.''}} * '''[[Basa Indonesia|Indonesia]]''' <div dir=rtl>{{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|سموا اورڠ ديلاهركن مرديك دان ممڤوڽاي مارتبة دان حق-حق يڠ سام. مريك دي كرونياي اكل دان هاتي نوراني دان هندق ڽ برڬاول ساتو سام لاين دالم سماڠت ڤرساودارأن.}}}}</div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Semua orang dilahirkan merdeka dan mempunyai martabat dan hak-hak yang sama. Mereka dikaruniai akal dan hati nurani dan hendaknya bergaul satu sama lain dalam semangat persaudaraan.''}} * '''[[Basa Malayu|Malayu]]''' <div dir=rtl>{{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|سموا مانوسيا ديلاهركن بيبس دان سام رات دري سڬي مرواه دان حق-حق. مريك ممڤوڽاي ڤميكيرن دان ڤراسان هاتي دان هندقله برتيندق دي انتارا ساتو سام لاين دڠن سماڠت ڤرساودارأن.}}}}</div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Semua manusia dilahirkan bebas dan sama rata dari segi maruah dan hak-hak. Mereka mempunyai pemikiran dan perasaan hati dan hendaklah bertindak di antara satu sama lain dengan semangat persaudaraan.''}} * '''[[Basa Jawa|Jawa]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|سابَين اووڠ كالايراكي كانڟي مارديکا لان داربَي مرتبة لان حق۲ كاڠ ڤاڎا. كابَيه ڤيناريڠان عقل لان قلبو سارتا كأجاب ڤاسراوڠان اڠڮونَي مميتران سيجي لان سيجيني كانڟي جيوا سومادولور.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Sabén uwong kalairaké kanthi mardikå lan darbé martabat lan hak-hak kang pådhå. Kabèh pinaringan akal lan kalbu sartå kaajab pasrawungan anggoné mêmitran siji lan sijiné kanthi jiwå sumadulur.''}} * '''[[Basa Madura|Madura]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|ساڊۤاجۤانا عَورَيڠ لاهَير مارڊيكا عَيسارۤڠَي ڊ‎رۤاجۤات کلابۤان هاء۲ سَي پادۤا. ساڊۤاجۤانا عَيڤارَيڠَي أکال سارۤڠ نوراني كَوڊو أرۤڠ-سارۤڠ أكانچا كاڊي تارَيتان.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Sâdhâjâna orèng lahèr mardhika èsarengè dhrâjhât klabân ha'-ha' sè padâ. Sâdhâjâna èparèngè akal sareng nurani bân kodhu areng-sareng akanca kadhi tarètan.''}} * '''[[Basa Kumoring]]''' <div lang="kge" dir=rtl> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|كأوݧين جولما تيلاحيركو مرديكا ريک اوت ڤيئيل ريک حق-حق سي گوه-گوه. تيان تيئونجوک اكل ڤيكيرن ريک هاتي نوراني ماري تيان داڤوک ݧامڤور ريک سي باريه ن ديلوم سماڠت بوكولڤه.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai goh-goh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.''}} * '''[[Basa Torwali|Torwali]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|چیلس مے اے گم تھو. تیسی نم تھورنالا تھو. تھےت اے ڇھی چھی. تی مے قیسا تونو اں دے کیجی. ے دےو تی زےد مایان ھوشو. ا ڇھی یا زاون اشی دا ھے و نو.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Čilas me e gam thu. Tisi nam Thornala thu. Thet e ĉhi čhi. Ti me qisa tunu ä̃ de kiji. E deo ti zed məyən hušu. Ä ĉhi yə zəwan äši da he u anu.''}} * '''[[Basa Kumoring|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''Uwat samungkal tiyuh di Chilas. Golarna Thornala. Uwat obay. Oya kok nyaritako carita hasa jak bangukna diwik. Osay raksasa anggoringina. Harak bay sina lokok ngura, oya biaso lapah guk tukak uway untuk ngatot uway.''}} * '''[[Basa Punjabi|Punjabi]] ''' <div lang="punjabi" dir=rtl> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|لہور پاکستانی پنجاب دی راجدھانی اے۔ لوک گݨتی دے نال کراچی توں بعد لہور دوجا سبھ توں وڈا شہر اے۔ لہور پاکستان دا سیاسی، رہتلی کاروباری اتے پڑھائی دا گڑھ اے اتے، ایسے لئی ایہہ نوں پاکستان دا دل وی کہا جاندا اے۔ لہور راوی دریا دے کنڈھے تے وسدا اے۔ ایسدی لوک گݨتی اک کروڑ دے نیڑے اے۔}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Lahaur Pākistānī Panjāb dī rājtā̀ni ài. Lok giṇtī de nāḷ Karācī tõ bāad Lahaur dūjā sáb tõ vaḍḍā šáir ài. Lahaur Pākistān dā siāsī, kārobāri ate paṛā̀ī dā gáṛ ài te ise laī ínū̃ Pākistān dā dil vī kihā jāndā ài. Lahaur Rāvī dariā de káṇḍè te vassdā ài. Isdī lok giṇtī ikk karoṛ de neṛe ài.''}} * '''[[Basa Kumoring|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''[[Lahore]] joda da ibukota jak Punjab [[Pakistan]]. Lahore joda da kota paling balak keduo saradu [[Karachi]]. Lahore joda da pusat politik, budaya, rik pandidikan Pakistan, sampai-sampai tigolari sabagai jantungna [[Pakistan]]. Lahore tipik di pinggir Sungai Ravi, populasina rodik puluh juta jiwa.''}} * '''[[Basa Sarikoli|Sarikoli]]''' <div dir="rtl"> {{Quote|{{Script/Arabic|ئەۋەل بىرىنچى مەسەلە چى تېر گەپ كەيەن. تۇجىك مىلەت خۈيەن زىڤ ياست. يەد زىڤ ئاپتۇنۇم نايە ئەر دايرە قۇلانمىش ساۇد. جەنۇبى شىنجاڭەن يۇركاند، پۇسكام، قەرغەلېغ، پىشان قەتارلېق جۇىېفەن ۋى تۇجىك خېىل ئۇخشاش نە ياذىن، دى جۇىېنج تۇجىك خېىل ئەساس ئەز جەت خۈ زىڤ قۇلەنمىش كەيىن، خۈ مىلەتەن ۋى زىڤ قۇلەنمىش چېىگ ۋە ئە ۋى تەرەقى چېىگ ئەساسى قانۈن ذۇجېنج ھۇقۇق. ئەگەر ئى مىلەتەن غاڤ زىڤ ڤىد، كىتۇبى زىڤ څە نە ڤىد، دى رەڭ زىڤەن ۋى رەفاند ۋە تەرەقىيات چەكلىمەرى دىچۇر خىرد. مداس چېىگ لېڤد ئەلا كيۈ مىلەت ئەساسى قانۈن ذۇجېنج ئەز ھۇقۇق تۇلۇق بەھرىمەند نە سېذجېنج ساۇد. يىزېق لېڤجېنج ئە زىڤ خاتىرلەمىش چېىگىچۇز بەلگۈ، يەنى ئى مى قەتى مۈناسىبەتلىگ ڤەذجېنج «پىن‌يىن» سېستىما چى چېر ۋەذد قەتى ھۇسىل سېذجېنج، دىەن ھىچ رەڭ سىر نىست، «پىن‌يىن» لايەيەن ۋى تۈزۈلۈش مافېق څە ساۇد، ھىچ رەڭ ئەلۇكەت مەس پېيدۇ نە ساۇد. ڤىزېقەن ئەت زىڤ مەذان ڤەذجېنج زىدىيەت مەس ئۇبىكتىپ ھالدە ئى تەرەف سېت قەتى تېر سەۋىيە قەتى بىرلىگىر یاذد. مۈستەقىل تەرەقى چاݝجېنج ئى زىڤەن كيەمان ۋىرى ماس يېتىچۇز ڤىد كەرەك. ئىلىم ۋە رەفاند ئەز نۇختا زاݗت ئەلا يەد داۇلىرى ئۇىغۇن چېر.}}}} </div> * '''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Awal birinqi masala qi ter gap kayan. Tujik milat hüyan ziv yost. Yad ziv optunum noya ar doira khulanmix soud. Janubi Xinjongan Yurkond, Puskom, KHarghalegh, Pixan khatorlekh juiefan wi Tujik heil uhxox na yozzin, Di juienj Tujik heil asos az jat hü ziv khulanmix kayin, Hü milatan wi ziv khulanmix qeig wa a wi tarakhi qeig Asosi KHonün zzujenj hyukhukh. Agar i milatan ghov ziv vid, kitubi ziv tsa na vid, di rang zivan wi rafond wa tarakhiyot qaklimari diqur hird. M dos qeig levd alo k yü milat Asosi KHonün zzujenj az hyukhukh tulukh bahyrimand na sezzjenj soud. Yizekh levjenj a ziv hotirlamix qeigiquz balgü, yani i mi khati münosibatlig vezzjenj pinyin sestimo qi qer wezzd khati hyusil sezzjenj, dian hyiq rang sir nist, Pinyin loyayan wi tüzülüx mofekh tsa soud, hyiq rang alukat mas peidu na soud. Vizekhan at ziv mazzon vezzjenj zidiyat mas ubiktip hyolda i taraf set khati ter sawiya khati birligir yozzd. Müstakhil tarakhi qogcjenj i zivan Kyamon wiri mos yetiquz i yizekh vid karak. Ilim wa rafond az nuhto zoct alo yad douliri uighun qer.''}} * '''[[Basa Kumoring|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''Payu kita bahas partanyaan partamo pai. Jolma Tajik uwat basa tiyan diwik. Basa hasa umum tipakai di daerah otonom rik mak pandai tigontiko rik basa barih. Sumang rik jolma Tajik di Yarkand, Poskam, Kargilik rik pok barih di hulu Xinjiang, lamon jolma Tajik dija sa sacara eksklusif atawa sabagian balak makai basa tiyan diwik. Panggunaan rik pangombangan bahasa nasional joda da hak sai diunjukko bak konstitusi. Aman osai Bangsa bih uwat basa lisan tapi makka basa tulisan, jadi pamakaian rik pangombangan bahasa sina justru bakal tibatasi, rik mak pandai nganikmati sacara wajar hak-hak sai diunjukko bak kontitusi. Tulisan joda da sakumpulan simbol sai ngarekam bahasa, rik sistem pinyin sai tikahik tipakai. Makka sai misterius rik kamona ho, rik skema pinyin sai tirancang holau-holau makwat nimbulko komplikasi piya juga. Kamungkinan kontradiksi antara teks rik basa bakal tiparadui sacara objektif rik arif bijaksano untuk nyapai tingkat konsistensi sai langgar. Osai basa sai bukombang sacara mandiri porlu uwat saparangkat karakter sai sasuai rik ia. Kamoja sa tamtu da jak sudut pandang akademis atawa praktis.''}} == Variasi == Lamon basa say umumna mayoritas panuturna panganut [[Islam|Agama Islam]] makay huruf Arab sa untuk basa tiyan say timodifikasi untuk nyasuwayko rik Basa tiyanna. Dibah ho daftarna * [[Huruf Arab Parsi]] untuk [[Basa Parsiya]] rik rumpun-rumpunna. * [[Huruf Arab Urdu]] untuk [[Basa Urdu]] rik basa-basa say tituturko di Asia Selatan khususna nagara [[Pakistan]]. * [[Huruf Arab Uyghur]] untuk [[Basa Uyghur]]. * [[Huruf Arab Malayu Jawi]] untuk [[Basa Malayu]] rik basa-basa di [[Indonesia]], [[Malaysiya]], [[Bruney Darussalam]], sabagiyan basa di [[Thailand]], rik [[Filipina]]. * [[Arab Pegon]] untuk [[Basa Jawa]], rik [[Basa Sunda]]. * [[Huruf Arab Sorabe]] untuk [[Basa Malagasi]] di [[Madagaskar]]. * [[Huruf Shahmukhi]] untuk [[Basa Punjabi]] di nagara [[Pakistan]] 9n7c0yow5u9iuzxq16nl0ml6cldedrh 0 1510 38156 37232 2026-06-20T19:52:06Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Opsi berkas bogus 38156 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jolma Kumoring''' joda da salah say kelompok suku Lampung say notop di satijang aliran [[Way Kumoring]] di [[Danau Ranau]] laju di [[Kayu Agung]]. Jolma Kumoring sa sabagiyan balak ngaman di [[Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Timur]], wat munih di kabupaten barih cara Kumoring Bengkulah di [[Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir]], wat munih di [[Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu]], [[Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan]], panday ticawako di wilayah Ogan Komering Raya, [[Palembang]] rik di tanoh rantaw. Jolma Kumoring sa uwat ciri khas, joda da tiyan nggaduh jajuluk, tiyan ja [[Bahasa Komering|bubasa Kumoring]] dilom hurik saharanina.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://egindo.com/mengenal-asal-usul-suku-komering/|title=Asal-usul Suku Komering|website=egindo.com}}</ref> {| style="width:22em; background:#fff6d9; text-align:center; font-size:95%; background-color:#F9F9F9; border:1px solid #AAAAAA; clear:right; color:black; float:right; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; padding:0.2em;" !style="text-align:center; font-size:larger; background:#b08261; color:#fee8ab;"| Suku Komering<br>Jolma Kumoring |- |[[Bondol:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Drie ongehuwde jonge vrouwen uit Komering TMnr 10005250.jpg|jmpl|300px|left|Tolu morli Komering (1929)]] |- |style="border:none; padding:8px 0 0 0;"| |- |style="border:none; padding:4px 0 8px 0; line-height:11pt; font-size:95%;"| |- !style="background:#fee8ab;"| Jumlah Populasi |- | '''470.000'''. |- !style="background:#fee8ab;"| Basa |- | [[Bahasa Komering]] |- !style="background:#fee8ab;"| Wilayah |- | [[Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Timur|OKU Timur]], [[Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir|OKI]], [[Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan|OKU Selatan]], [[Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu|OKU]], [[Sumatera Selatan]].<br/> |- !style="background:#fee8ab;"| Agama |- | [[Islam]] |- !style="background:#fee8ab;"| Suku say Terkait |- |[[Jolma Lampung|Lampung]], [[Jolma Palembang|Palembang]]. |- |} == Rujukan == [[Kaban:Indonesia]] [[Kaban:Kumoring]] f70bajuolb5wjsvworr694kpd2y5w4m 0 2228 38177 37269 2026-06-20T22:13:59Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38177 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox country" style="background; width:200px; text-align:left; font-size: 95%;" |+ style="font-size: larger;" | '''Masigit Agung Palembang'''<br/>'''مسجد أڬوڠ سلطان محمود بدار الدين ١ جايو ويكرام''' ''' ''Masjid Agung Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin I Jayo Wikramo'' | |- class= | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | '''Gambar''' [[Bondol:Masjid Agung Palembang.jpg|500px|]] |- | '''Nagara''' | [[Indonesia]] |- | '''Pok''' | [[Palimbang]], [[Sumatera Hulu]] |- | '''Kapasitas''' | 15.000 jama'ah |- | '''Jenis''' | [[Masigid]] |- | '''Status''' | Aktif |- | '''Agama''' | [[Islam]] |- | '''Gaya Arsitektur''' | Malayu, Cina, Eropa |- | '''Titogak ko''' | 1738 (pangato'an batu partamo) |- | '''Arsitek''' | - |- | '''Spesifikasi Bangunan''' | 2 manara |- | '''Zona Waktu''' | Waktu Indonesia Barat (UTC+7) |- !style="background:#dee8ab; text-align:center;"| Informasi Barihna |- | '''Aliran''' |Sunni |- | '''Kode Talepon''' | +62 711 |- |'''Benua''' |[[Asia]] |- |} '''Masigit Agung Palembang''' atawa '''Masjid Agung''' atawa lengkap na '''Masjid Agung Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin I Jayo Wikramo''' salah osay masigid say paling balak di [[Palimbang]], Masigit hasa titogak ko di abad ke-18 lah [[Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin I Jayo Wikramo]]. [[Kaban:Masigid|Palembang]] 9mh1myscd137ydvoe6b08cr3tnfgzn4 38179 38177 2026-06-20T22:15:02Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38179 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox country" style="background; width:200px; text-align:left; font-size: 95%;" |+ style="font-size: larger;" | '''Masigit Agung Palembang'''<br/>'''مسجد أڬوڠ سلطان محمود بدار الدين ١ جايو ويكرام''' '''''Masjid Agung Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin I Jayo Wikramo''''' | |- class= | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | '''Gambar''' [[Bondol:Masjid Agung Palembang.jpg|500px|]] |- | '''Nagara''' | [[Indonesia]] |- | '''Pok''' | [[Palimbang]], [[Sumatera Hulu]] |- | '''Kapasitas''' | 15.000 jama'ah |- | '''Jenis''' | [[Masigid]] |- | '''Status''' | Aktif |- | '''Agama''' | [[Islam]] |- | '''Gaya Arsitektur''' | Malayu, Cina, Eropa |- | '''Titogak ko''' | 1738 (pangato'an batu partamo) |- | '''Arsitek''' | - |- | '''Spesifikasi Bangunan''' | 2 manara |- | '''Zona Waktu''' | Waktu Indonesia Barat (UTC+7) |- !style="background:#dee8ab; text-align:center;"| Informasi Barihna |- | '''Aliran''' |Sunni |- | '''Kode Talepon''' | +62 711 |- |'''Benua''' |[[Asia]] |- |} '''Masigit Agung Palembang''' atawa '''Masjid Agung''' atawa lengkap na '''Masjid Agung Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin I Jayo Wikramo''' salah osay masigid say paling balak di [[Palimbang]], Masigit hasa titogak ko di abad ke-18 lah [[Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin I Jayo Wikramo]]. [[Kaban:Masigid|Palembang]] q1uun6enarg40butyoercgyu21teoq3 0 3098 38169 37262 2026-06-20T20:11:46Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38169 wikitext text/x-wiki {{provinsi |nama = Sumatera Selatan |golar barih = Sumatra Hulu |translit_lang1 = Basa Dairah |translit_lang1_type = [[Abjad Jawi|Jawi]] |translit_lang1_info = {{Script|Nastaliq|سومترا سلاتن}} |translit_lang1_type1 = [[Surat Ulu]] |translit_lang1_info1 = [[Bondol:Sumatera Selatan in Pasemah.png|120px]] |foto = {{multiple image|border= infobox|total_width= 300|image_style= border:1; |perrow = 1/2/2/2 |image1=LRT Palembang Ampera.jpg |image2=Rumah Limas Museum Balaputradewa.jpg |image3=Pagi hari di Danau Ranau.jpg |image4=GUNUNG DEMPO PAGARALAM .jpg |image5=Suku Palembang.jpg |image6=Lake Shuji - Muara Enim, SS (4).jpg |image7=Hadji Bajumi Wahab Mosque, Indralaya, Ogan Ilir, SS (24 January 2020).jpg }} |caption = '''Janggak guk bah, kiri guk kanan''': [[LRT Palembang]], [[Rumah Limas]], [[Ranaw (Ranaw)|Danau Ranau (OKU Selatan)]], [[Gunung Dempo|Gunung Dempo (Pagar Alam)]], [[Jolma Melayu Palembang|Pakaian adat Melayu Palembang]], [[Kabupaten Muara Enim|Wisata Danau Shuji (Muara Enim)]], rik [[Kabupaten Ogan Ilir|Masjid Hadji Bajumi Wahab (Ogan Ilir)]] |panji = Flag of South Sumatra (vectorised).svg |lambang = Coat of arms of South Sumatra.svg |julukan = Bumi Sriwijaya,<br>Negeri Batanghari Sembilan |motto = Bersatu teguh |peta = South Sumatra in Indonesia.svg {{coor title dm|3|17|S|104|9|E|region:ID_type:adm1st_scale:2000000|display=title}} |dasar hukum = [[Undang-Undang|UU]] No. 10 tahun 1948 |tanggal = {{tanggal lahir dan umur|1946|5|15}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jdih.sumselprov.go.id/userfiles/perda5-2007.pdf|title=PERDA Provinsi Sumatera Selatan No 5 Tahun 2007|website=jdih.sumselprov.go.id|accessdate=22 April 2021|archive-date=2021-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422051814/http://jdih.sumselprov.go.id/userfiles/perda5-2007.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |nagori ratu = [[Palembang|Palimbang]] |kota balak = {{collapsible list| * [[Lubuk Linggau]] * [[Pagar Alam]] * [[Prabumulih]]}} |kabupaten = 13 |kota = 4 |kecamatan = 241 |kelurahan = 396 |desa = 2.855 |dasar hukum = [[Undang-Undang|UU]] No. 10 tahun 1948 |golar gubornur = [[Herman Deru]] |golar wakil gubornur = [[Cik Ujang]] |golar sakataris dairah = Edward Candra |golar katuwa DPRD = Andie Dinialdie |paringkat populasi = 9 di Indonesia |luas = 91592,43 |panduduk = 8973168 |tahun populasi = 30 Juni [[2024]] |populasi ref = <ref name="DUKCAPIL"/><ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2023">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2023, ''Provinsi Sumatera Selatan Dalam Angka 2023'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.16)</ref> |kapado'an = auto |agama = {{ublist |item_style=white-space; |97,21% [[Islam]] |{{Tree list}} * 1,54% [[Kekristenan]] ** 0,97% [[Protestan]] ** 0,57% [[Katolik]] {{Tree list/end}} |0,76% [[Agama Buddha|Buddha]] |0,49% [[Hindu]]<ref name="DUKCAPIL"/>}} |bahasa = {{collapsible list| [[Bahasa Indonesia|Indonesia]] (resmi)<br>[[Bahasa Melayu|Melayu]] (dominan)<br>—[[Bahasa Palembang|Melayu Palembang]]<br>—Melayu Belida<br>—[[Bahasa Besemah|Melayu Besemah]]<br>—[[Bahasa Enim|Melayu Enim]]<br>—Melayu Kikim<br>—[[Bahasa Kisam|Melayu Kisam]]<br>—[[Bahasa Lematang|Melayu Lematang]]<br>—[[Bahasa Musi|Melayu Musi]]<br>—[[Bahasa Col|Melayu Lembak]]<br>—Melayu Lintang<br>—[[Bahasa Ogan|Melayu Ogan]]<br>—Melayu Pegagan<br>—[[Bahasa Penesak|Melayu Penesak]]<br>—[[Bahasa Rambang|Melayu Rambang]]<br>—[[Bahasa Rawas|Melayu Rawas]]<br>—[[Bahasa Semende|Melayu Semende]]<br>—[[Bahasa Melayu Tengah|Melayu Tengah]]<br>[[Bahasa Komering|Komering]]<br>—Daya<br>—[[Bahasa Kayuagung|Kayuagung]]<br>—Pedamaran<br>—Ranau<br>[[Daftar bahasa di Indonesia|Lainnya]] }} |IPM = {{increase}} 73,18 ([[Daftar provinsi di Indonesia menurut IPM|2023]])<br> <span style="background:Yellow;color:#00726a">&nbsp;tinggi&nbsp;</span><ref name="IPM">{{cite web|url=https://sumsel.bps.go.id/indicator/26/961/1/-metode-baru-indeks-pembangunan-manusia-umur-harapan-hidup-hasil-long-form-sp2020-menurut-provinsi.html|title=[Metode Baru] Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (Umur Harapan Hidup Hasil Long Form SP2020) Menurut Provinsi 2021-2023|website=www.sumsel.bps.go.id|accessdate=4 April 2024}}</ref> |kode pos = [[Daftar kode pos di Indonesia|30xxx-32xxx]] |kode area = {{collapsible list| 0702 — Tebing Tinggi (Kabupaten Empat Lawang)| 0711 — Kota Palembang — Pangkalan Balai - Betung (Kabupaten Banyuasin) — Indralaya (Kabupaten Ogan Ilir)| 0712 — Kayu Agung (Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir) — Tanjung Raja (Kabupaten Ogan Ilir)| 0713 — Kota Prabumulih — Pendopo Talang Ubi (Kabupaten Muara Enim)| 0714 — Sekayu (Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin)| 0730 — Kota Pagar Alam — Kota Agung (Kabupaten Lahat)| 0731 — Lahat (Kabupaten Lahat)| 0733 — Kota Lubuklinggau — Muara Beliti (Kabupaten Musi Rawas)| 0734 — Muara Enim (Kabupaten Muara Enim)| 0735 — Baturaja (Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu) — Martapura (Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Timur) — Muaradua (Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan)}} |ISO = ID - SS |TNKB = BG |total APBD = Rp 11.239.120.882.628,00,- |tahun APBD = [[2024]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dprd.sumselprov.go.id/dprd-prov-sumsel-bersama-gubernur-sumsel-sepakati-kua-serta-ppas-apbd-prov-sumsel-tahun-anggaran-2024/}}</ref> |PAD = |DAU = |DAK = |lagu = {{collapsible list|'''Indonesia'''<br>"[[Gending Sriwijaya]]" <br>'''Palembang Sari-sari''' <br>"Cup Mak Ilang"<br>"Palembang Bari"<br>"Pempek Lenjer" <br>'''Palembang Alus/Bebaso''' <br>"Bendel Hakiki"<br>"Cek Ayu"<br>"Benteng Kuto Besak" <br>'''Besemah/Pasemah'''<br>"Kebile-bile"<br>"[[Dek Sangke]]"<br>"[[Petanglah Petang]]"<br>"[[Sayang Selayak]]"<br>"[[Ribulah Ribu]]"<br>'''Komering'''<br>"Ombai Akas"<br>"Mulang Do Kiyai<br>'''Ogan'''<br>"Sane Ayakh Ugan"<br>"Nasib Badan"<br>'''Penesak'''<br>"Caram Seguguk"<br>"Mandi di Payo"<br>'''Pegagan'''<br>"Pindang Pegagan"<br>"Payo Berije"<br>'''Musi'''<br>"Serasan Sekate"<br>"Koyong Jaoh"<br>'''Lembak/Col'''<br>"Mangun Dusun"<br>"Kesenian Lamé"<br>'''Semende'''<br>"Linjang Dik Jadi"<br>"Asal Mule"}} |rumah = [[Rumah Limas]]<br>[[Rumah Baghi]]<br>[[Rumah Rakit]]<br>[[Rumah Ulu]] |senjata = [[Koris (sanjata)|Koris Melayu]]<br>[[Badik Kumoring]]<br>Lading Ulu Pandak<br>[[Trisula]] |flora = [[Langsak]] |fauna = [[Iwak Balido]] |zona waktu = [[Waktu Indonesia Barat|WIB]] |utc = +07:00 |web = {{URL|sumselprov.go.id}} }} '''Sumatora Selatan''' ti-Kumoring ko jadi '''Sumatora Ulu''' atawa '''Sumatora Hulu''' joda da salah osay provinsi di [[Indonesia]], provinsi sija bubatasan pamatang rik [[Jambi]] di liba, [[Lampung]] di hulu, [[Selat Bangka]] di darak, rik [[Bengkulu]] di topi/lawok. Ibukuta na di [[Palembang]], provinsi Sumatora Selatan salah osay provinsi multietnis di [[Indonesia]], suku bangsa say paling umum joda da [[Jolma Palembang|Palembang/Musi]], [[Jolma Komering|Komering]], rik Melayu Tengah (tikurukda [[Jolma Besemah|Besemah]], [[Jolma Ogan|Ogan]], dll).<ref>[http://www.antaranews.com/en/news/76911/prehistoric-artifacts-found-in-s-sumatra ''Artefak prasajarah pahalu di Sumatera Selatan'']</ref> Basa di Sumatora Selatan juga bumacom cara [[Bahasa Palembang|Bahasa Melayu Palembang]], [[Bahasa Komering|Komering]], [[Bahasa Melayu Tengah]], [[Bahasa Pegagan|Pagagan]], rik [[Bahasa Penesak|Padamaran]].<ref name="KBBI">Sopok "''Sumatra Selatan''" dilom Kamus Balak Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) [https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/sumatra%20selatan ''Badan Pangombangan Bahasa rik Pabukuan]. Kamantorian Pandidikan rik Kabudayaan Republik Indonesia''</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230820170125/https://archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.com/2014/10/prehistoric-mother-and-child-burial.html ''Kuburan umak rik anak prasajarah tipahalu di guo Sumatera''] archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.com</ref> ==Demografi== ===Etnis rik Panduduk=== Kalompok etnis asli jak Sumatora Selatan sa joda da jolma-jolma jak rumpun [[Jolma Melayu|Melayu]] rik [[Jolma Komering|Lampung]], say dipa [[Jolma Palembang|Jolma Pulimbang]] jadi kalompok etnis say paling balak, ditutul [[Jolma Jawa|Jawa]], [[Jolma Komering|Komering]], rik suku [[Jolma Melayu|Melayu]] barihna pocak [[Jolma Musi]], rik [[Pagunungan Bukit Barisan|Jolma Pasemah]] (tikuruk da [[Jolma Ogan|Ogan]], [[Jolma Besemah|Besemah]], [[Jolma Lematang|Lematang]] rik barihna say ngaman di sakitaran [[Pagunungan Bukit Barisan]]). {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;width:72%;border:0px;text-align:center;line-height:120%;" ! style="background: #FFEBCD; color: #000080" height="17" | Tahun ! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1971 ! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1980 ! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1990 ! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 2000 ! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 2010 ! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 2020 |- Align="center" ! style="background: #FFEBCD; color: #000080" height="17" | Jumlah panduduk | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 2.930.830 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | [[Bondol:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px|link=]] 3.975.904 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | [[Bondol:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px|link=]] 5.492.993 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | [[Bondol:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px|link=]] 6.210.800 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | [[Bondol:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px|link=]] 7.450.394 ! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | [[Bondol:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px|link=]] 8.497.196<br> (Sensus 2020) |- | colspan="13" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"|<small>Sajarah kapandudukan Sumatera Hulu<br />'''Sumber:'''</small><ref>[http://dds.bps.go.id/eng/aboutus.php?sp BPS Sensus 2010]{{Pranala mati|date=Oktober 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} www.bps.go.id</ref> |} Umumna [[Jolma Palembang|Jolma Pulimbang]] ngaman di daerah kuta [[Palembang]], [[Jolma Musi]] kalamonan di [[Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin]], [[Kabupaten Banyuasin|Banyuasin]], [[Kabupaten Musi Rawas|Musi Rawas]], [[Kabupaten Musi Rawas Utara|Musi Rawas Utara]], [[Lubuk Linggau]], rik [[Kabupaten Ogan Ilir|Ogan Ilir]]. [[Jolma Komering]] ngaman di [[Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir]], [[Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Timur|OKU Timur]], [[Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan|OKU Selatan]], rik [[Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu|OKU]]. Sodongko [[Pagunungan Bukit Barisan|Jolma Melayu Tongah]] ngaman di [[Kabupaten Lahat]], [[Kabupaten Muara Enim|Muara Enim]], [[Kabupaten Empat Lawang|Empat Lawang]], [[Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu|OKU]], [[Prabumulih]], [[Lubuk Linggau]], rik [[Pagar Alam]]. Sodongko say barihna pocak [[Jolma Pagagan]] ngaman di [[Kabupaten Ogan Ilir]] rik [[Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir|OKI]], [[Jolma Panesak]] ngaman di [[Padamaran]], [[Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir]], [[Jolma Melayu Pasisir]] ngaman di [[Tulung Salapan]], [[Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir|OKI]]. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:100%;" ! style="background:#FFFFC0;"|No ! style="background:#FFFFC0;"|Suku ! style="background:#FFFFC0;"|Jumlah [[2010]] ! style="background:#FFFFC0;"|% |- | 1 ! Asal Sumatera Hulu* ! style="text-align: right;" | 4.120.408 ! style="text-align: right;" | 55,43% |- | 2 | [[Jolma Jawa|Jawa]] | style="text-align: right;" | 2.037.715 | style="text-align: right;" | 27,41% |- | 3 | [[Jolma Melayu|Malayu]] | style="text-align: right;" | 602.741 | style="text-align: right;" | 8,11% |- | 4 | [[Jolma Sunda|Sunda]] | style="text-align: right;" | 180.018 | style="text-align: right;" | 2,42% |- | 5 | Asal [[Sumatera]] barihna | style="text-align: right;" | 104.386 | style="text-align: right;" | 1,40% |- | 6 | [[Jolma Lampung|Lampung]] | style="text-align: right;" | 95.983 | style="text-align: right;" | 1,04% |- | 7 | [[Jolma Cina Indonesia|Cina]] | style="text-align: right;" | 72.575 | style="text-align: right;" | 0,98% |- | 8 | [[Jolma Minangkabau|Minangkabau]] | style="text-align: right;" | 64.403 | style="text-align: right;" | 0,87% |- | 9 | [[Jolma Batak|Batak]] | style="text-align: right;" | 45.709 | style="text-align: right;" | 0,61% |- | 10 | [[Jolma Bugis|Bugis]] | style="text-align: right;" | 42.977 | style="text-align: right;" | 0,58% |- | 11 | [[Jolma Bali|Bali]] | style="text-align: right;" | 38.552 | style="text-align: right;" | 0,52% |- | 12 | [[Jolma Jambi|Malayu Jambi]] | style="text-align: right;" | 16.198 | style="text-align: right;" | 0,22% |- | 13 | Suku barihna | style="text-align: right;" | 63.377 | style="text-align: right;" | 0,85% |- ! ! Sumatera Hulu ! style="text-align: right;" | 7.434.042 ! style="text-align: right;" | 100% |- |} ===Igamo=== Masyarakat di provinsi hasa, goh-goh da rik wilayah barihna di [[Pulau Sumatera|Sumatera]] kacuali provinsi [[Bangka Belitung]] rik [[Sumatera Utara]], sabagiyan balak nganut [[madzhab Syafi'i]] [[Islam Sunni]]. Agama hasa sabagiyan balak dianut bak suku [[Jolma Melayu|Melayu]], [[Jolma Jawa|Jawa]], [[Jolma Minangkabau|Minang]], [[Jolma Komering|Komering]], [[Jolma Musi|Musi]], [[Jolma Ogan|Ogan]], [[Jolma Sunda|Sunda]] rik kalompok etnis Sumatora Selatan say barih. Agama minoritas barihna munih tianut; jolma [[Jolma Cina|Tionghoa]] pada dasarna nganut [[Buddha|Buddha Mahayana]] rik Kristen say kalamonan [[Jolma Batak Toba|Batak]] rik [[Jolma Cina|China]] ho diwik. {{Pie chart |thumb = right |caption = Agama di Sumatera Selatan (2023)<ref name="DUKCAPIL"/> |label1 = [[Islam]] |color1 = Green |value1 = 97.22 |label2 = [[Kekristenan]] |color2 = Blue |value2 = 1.57 |label3 = [[Buddha]] |color3 = Yellow |value3 = 0.76 |label4 = [[Hindu]] |color7 = Grey |value4 = 0.49 }} Di tahun 2022 , [[Islam]] joda da agama paling balak di Sumatora Selatan, say dianut bak 97,59% panduduk. Agama minoritas joda da [[Kristen]] (Protestan rik Katolik Roma) 2,34%, [[Buddha]] 0,06%, rik barihna (tikuruk [[Agama Tradisional]], [[Hindu]], [[Kong Hu Chu]] rbn) 0,01% jak populasi.<ref name="RELIGION">[https://satudata.kemenag.go.id/dataset/detail/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-agama ''Jumlah Panduduk Nurut Agama''] Mantori Igamo (Indonesia). 31 Agustus 2022. 29 Oktober 2023</ref> ==Pok Wisata== * [[Palembang]] * [[Pagar Alam]] * [[Danau Ranau]] ==Rujukan== {{Reflist}} 0ra6sbg0n61lmnfvfn5f2zsy5uhjeh5 38200 38169 2026-06-20T22:48:54Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38200 wikitext text/x-wiki {{provinsi |nama = Sumatera Selatan |golar barih = Sumatra Hulu |translit_lang1 = Basa Dairah |translit_lang1_type = [[Abjad Jawi|Jawi]] |translit_lang1_info = {{Script|Nastaliq|سومترا سلاتن}} |translit_lang1_type1 = [[Surat Ulu]] |translit_lang1_info1 = [[Bondol:Sumatera Selatan in Pasemah.png|120px]] |foto = {{multiple image|border= infobox|total_width= 300|image_style= border:1; |perrow = 1/2/2/2 |image1=LRT Palembang Ampera.jpg |image2=Rumah Limas Museum Balaputradewa.jpg |image3=Pagi hari di Danau Ranau.jpg |image4=GUNUNG DEMPO PAGARALAM .jpg |image5=Suku Palembang.jpg |image6=Lake Shuji - Muara Enim, SS (4).jpg |image7=Hadji Bajumi Wahab Mosque, Indralaya, Ogan Ilir, SS (24 January 2020).jpg }} |caption = '''Janggak guk bah, kiri guk kanan''': [[LRT Palembang]], [[Rumah Limas]], [[Ranaw (Ranaw)|Danau Ranau (OKU Selatan)]], [[Gunung Dempo|Gunung Dempo (Pagar Alam)]], [[Jolma Melayu Palembang|Pakaian adat Melayu Palembang]], [[Kabupaten Muara Enim|Wisata Danau Shuji (Muara Enim)]], rik [[Kabupaten Ogan Ilir|Masjid Hadji Bajumi Wahab (Ogan Ilir)]] |panji = Flag of South Sumatra (vectorised).svg |lambang = Coat of arms of South Sumatra.svg |julukan = Bumi Sriwijaya,<br>Negeri Batanghari Sembilan |motto = Bersatu teguh |peta = South Sumatra in Indonesia.svg {{coor title dm|3|17|S|104|9|E|region:ID_type:adm1st_scale:2000000|display=title}} |dasar hukum = [[Undang-Undang|UU]] No. 10 tahun 1948 |tanggal = {{tanggal lahir dan umur|1946|5|15}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jdih.sumselprov.go.id/userfiles/perda5-2007.pdf|title=PERDA Provinsi Sumatera Selatan No 5 Tahun 2007|website=jdih.sumselprov.go.id|accessdate=22 April 2021|archive-date=2021-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422051814/http://jdih.sumselprov.go.id/userfiles/perda5-2007.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |nagori ratu = [[Palembang|Palimbang]] |kota balak = {{collapsible list| * [[Lubuk Linggau]] * [[Pagar Alam]] * [[Prabumulih]]}} |kabupaten = 13 |kota = 4 |kecamatan = 241 |kelurahan = 396 |desa = 2.855 |dasar hukum = [[Undang-Undang|UU]] No. 10 tahun 1948 |golar gubornur = [[Herman Deru]] |golar wakil gubornur = [[Cik Ujang]] |golar sakataris dairah = Edward Candra |golar katuwa DPRD = Andie Dinialdie |paringkat populasi = 9 di Indonesia |luas = 91592,43 |panduduk = 8973168 |tahun populasi = 30 Juni [[2024]] |populasi ref = <ref name="DUKCAPIL"/><ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2023">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2023, ''Provinsi Sumatera Selatan Dalam Angka 2023'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.16)</ref> |kapado'an = auto |agama = {{ublist |item_style=white-space; |97,21% [[Islam]] |{{Tree list}} * 1,54% [[Kekristenan]] ** 0,97% [[Protestan]] ** 0,57% [[Katolik]] {{Tree list/end}} |0,76% [[Agama Buddha|Buddha]] |0,49% [[Hindu]]<ref name="DUKCAPIL"/>}} |bahasa = {{collapsible list| [[Bahasa Indonesia|Indonesia]] (resmi)<br>[[Bahasa Melayu|Melayu]] (dominan)<br>—[[Bahasa Palembang|Melayu Palembang]]<br>—Melayu Belida<br>—[[Bahasa Besemah|Melayu Besemah]]<br>—[[Bahasa Enim|Melayu Enim]]<br>—Melayu Kikim<br>—[[Bahasa Kisam|Melayu Kisam]]<br>—[[Bahasa Lematang|Melayu Lematang]]<br>—[[Bahasa Musi|Melayu Musi]]<br>—[[Bahasa Col|Melayu Lembak]]<br>—Melayu Lintang<br>—[[Bahasa Ogan|Melayu Ogan]]<br>—Melayu Pegagan<br>—[[Bahasa Penesak|Melayu Penesak]]<br>—[[Bahasa Rambang|Melayu Rambang]]<br>—[[Bahasa Rawas|Melayu Rawas]]<br>—[[Bahasa Semende|Melayu Semende]]<br>—[[Bahasa Melayu Tengah|Melayu Tengah]]<br>[[Bahasa Komering|Komering]]<br>—Daya<br>—[[Bahasa Kayuagung|Kayuagung]]<br>—Pedamaran<br>—Ranau<br>[[Daftar bahasa di Indonesia|Lainnya]] }} |IPM = {{increase}} 73,18 ([[Daftar provinsi di Indonesia menurut IPM|2023]])<br> <span style="background:Yellow;color:#00726a">&nbsp;tinggi&nbsp;</span><ref name="IPM">{{cite web|url=https://sumsel.bps.go.id/indicator/26/961/1/-metode-baru-indeks-pembangunan-manusia-umur-harapan-hidup-hasil-long-form-sp2020-menurut-provinsi.html|title=[Metode Baru] Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (Umur Harapan Hidup Hasil Long Form SP2020) Menurut Provinsi 2021-2023|website=www.sumsel.bps.go.id|accessdate=4 April 2024}}</ref> |kode pos = [[Daftar kode pos di Indonesia|30xxx-32xxx]] |kode area = {{collapsible list| 0702 — Tebing Tinggi (Kabupaten Empat Lawang)| 0711 — Kota Palembang — Pangkalan Balai - Betung (Kabupaten Banyuasin) — Indralaya (Kabupaten Ogan Ilir)| 0712 — Kayu Agung (Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir) — Tanjung Raja (Kabupaten Ogan Ilir)| 0713 — Kota Prabumulih — Pendopo Talang Ubi (Kabupaten Muara Enim)| 0714 — Sekayu (Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin)| 0730 — Kota Pagar Alam — Kota Agung (Kabupaten Lahat)| 0731 — Lahat (Kabupaten Lahat)| 0733 — Kota Lubuklinggau — Muara Beliti (Kabupaten Musi Rawas)| 0734 — Muara Enim (Kabupaten Muara Enim)| 0735 — Baturaja (Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu) — Martapura (Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Timur) — Muaradua (Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan)}} |ISO = ID - SS |TNKB = BG |total APBD = Rp 11.239.120.882.628,00,- |tahun APBD = [[2024]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dprd.sumselprov.go.id/dprd-prov-sumsel-bersama-gubernur-sumsel-sepakati-kua-serta-ppas-apbd-prov-sumsel-tahun-anggaran-2024/}}</ref> |PAD = |DAU = |DAK = |lagu = {{collapsible list|'''Indonesia'''<br>"[[Gending Sriwijaya]]" <br>'''Palembang Sari-sari''' <br>"Cup Mak Ilang"<br>"Palembang Bari"<br>"Pempek Lenjer" <br>'''Palembang Alus/Bebaso''' <br>"Bendel Hakiki"<br>"Cek Ayu"<br>"Benteng Kuto Besak" <br>'''Besemah/Pasemah'''<br>"Kebile-bile"<br>"[[Dek Sangke]]"<br>"[[Petanglah Petang]]"<br>"[[Sayang Selayak]]"<br>"[[Ribulah Ribu]]"<br>'''Komering'''<br>"Ombai Akas"<br>"Mulang Do Kiyai<br>'''Ogan'''<br>"Sane Ayakh Ugan"<br>"Nasib Badan"<br>'''Penesak'''<br>"Caram Seguguk"<br>"Mandi di Payo"<br>'''Pegagan'''<br>"Pindang Pegagan"<br>"Payo Berije"<br>'''Musi'''<br>"Serasan Sekate"<br>"Koyong Jaoh"<br>'''Lembak/Col'''<br>"Mangun Dusun"<br>"Kesenian Lamé"<br>'''Semende'''<br>"Linjang Dik Jadi"<br>"Asal Mule"}} |rumah = [[Rumah Limas]]<br>[[Rumah Baghi]]<br>[[Rumah Rakit]]<br>[[Rumah Ulu]] |senjata = [[Koris (sanjata)|Koris Melayu]]<br>[[Badik Kumoring]]<br>Lading Ulu Pandak<br>[[Trisula]] |flora = [[Langsak]] |fauna = [[Iwak Balido]] |zona waktu = [[Waktu Indonesia Barat|WIB]] |utc = +07:00 |web = {{URL|sumselprov.go.id}} }} '''Sumatora Selatan''' ti-Kumoring ko jadi '''Sumatora Ulu''' atawa '''Sumatora Hulu''' joda da salah osay provinsi di [[Indonesia]], provinsi sija bubatasan pamatang rik [[Jambi]] di liba, [[Lampung]] di hulu, [[Selat Bangka]] di darak, rik [[Bengkulu]] di topi/lawok. Ibukuta na di [[Palembang]], provinsi Sumatora Selatan salah osay provinsi multietnis di [[Indonesia]], suku bangsa say paling umum joda da [[Jolma Palembang|Palembang/Musi]], [[Jolma Komering|Komering]], rik Melayu Tengah (tikurukda [[Jolma Besemah|Besemah]], [[Jolma Ogan|Ogan]], dll).<ref>[http://www.antaranews.com/en/news/76911/prehistoric-artifacts-found-in-s-sumatra ''Artefak prasajarah pahalu di Sumatera Selatan'']</ref> Basa di Sumatora Selatan juga bumacom cara [[Bahasa Palembang|Bahasa Melayu Palembang]], [[Bahasa Komering|Komering]], [[Bahasa Melayu Tengah]], [[Bahasa Pegagan|Pagagan]], rik [[Bahasa Penesak|Padamaran]].<ref name="KBBI">Sopok "''Sumatra Selatan''" dilom Kamus Balak Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) [https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/sumatra%20selatan ''Badan Pangombangan Bahasa rik Pabukuan'']. Kamantorian Pandidikan rik Kabudayaan Republik Indonesia''</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230820170125/https://archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.com/2014/10/prehistoric-mother-and-child-burial.html ''Kuburan umak rik anak prasajarah tipahalu di guo Sumatera''] archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.com</ref> ==Demografi== ===Etnis rik Panduduk=== Kalompok etnis asli jak Sumatora Selatan sa joda da jolma-jolma jak rumpun [[Jolma Melayu|Melayu]] rik [[Jolma Komering|Lampung]], say dipa [[Jolma Palembang|Jolma Pulimbang]] jadi kalompok etnis say paling balak, ditutul [[Jolma Jawa|Jawa]], [[Jolma Komering|Komering]], rik suku [[Jolma Melayu|Melayu]] barihna pocak [[Jolma Musi]], rik [[Pagunungan Bukit Barisan|Jolma Pasemah]] (tikuruk da [[Jolma Ogan|Ogan]], [[Jolma Besemah|Besemah]], [[Jolma Lematang|Lematang]] rik barihna say ngaman di sakitaran [[Pagunungan Bukit Barisan]]). {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;width:72%;border:0px;text-align:center;line-height:120%;" ! style="background: #FFEBCD; color: #000080" height="17" | Tahun ! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1971 ! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1980 ! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1990 ! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 2000 ! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 2010 ! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 2020 |- Align="center" ! style="background: #FFEBCD; color: #000080" height="17" | Jumlah panduduk | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 2.930.830 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | [[Bondol:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px|link=]] 3.975.904 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | [[Bondol:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px|link=]] 5.492.993 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | [[Bondol:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px|link=]] 6.210.800 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | [[Bondol:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px|link=]] 7.450.394 ! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | [[Bondol:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px|link=]] 8.497.196<br> (Sensus 2020) |- | colspan="13" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"|<small>Sajarah kapandudukan Sumatera Hulu<br />'''Sumber:'''</small><ref>[http://dds.bps.go.id/eng/aboutus.php?sp BPS Sensus 2010]{{Pranala mati|date=Oktober 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} www.bps.go.id</ref> |} Umumna [[Jolma Palembang|Jolma Pulimbang]] ngaman di daerah kuta [[Palembang]], [[Jolma Musi]] kalamonan di [[Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin]], [[Kabupaten Banyuasin|Banyuasin]], [[Kabupaten Musi Rawas|Musi Rawas]], [[Kabupaten Musi Rawas Utara|Musi Rawas Utara]], [[Lubuk Linggau]], rik [[Kabupaten Ogan Ilir|Ogan Ilir]]. [[Jolma Komering]] ngaman di [[Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir]], [[Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Timur|OKU Timur]], [[Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan|OKU Selatan]], rik [[Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu|OKU]]. Sodongko [[Pagunungan Bukit Barisan|Jolma Melayu Tongah]] ngaman di [[Kabupaten Lahat]], [[Kabupaten Muara Enim|Muara Enim]], [[Kabupaten Empat Lawang|Empat Lawang]], [[Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu|OKU]], [[Prabumulih]], [[Lubuk Linggau]], rik [[Pagar Alam]]. Sodongko say barihna pocak [[Jolma Pagagan]] ngaman di [[Kabupaten Ogan Ilir]] rik [[Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir|OKI]], [[Jolma Panesak]] ngaman di [[Padamaran]], [[Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir]], [[Jolma Melayu Pasisir]] ngaman di [[Tulung Salapan]], [[Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir|OKI]]. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:100%;" ! style="background:#FFFFC0;"|No ! style="background:#FFFFC0;"|Suku ! style="background:#FFFFC0;"|Jumlah [[2010]] ! style="background:#FFFFC0;"|% |- | 1 ! Asal Sumatera Hulu* ! style="text-align: right;" | 4.120.408 ! style="text-align: right;" | 55,43% |- | 2 | [[Jolma Jawa|Jawa]] | style="text-align: right;" | 2.037.715 | style="text-align: right;" | 27,41% |- | 3 | [[Jolma Melayu|Malayu]] | style="text-align: right;" | 602.741 | style="text-align: right;" | 8,11% |- | 4 | [[Jolma Sunda|Sunda]] | style="text-align: right;" | 180.018 | style="text-align: right;" | 2,42% |- | 5 | Asal [[Sumatera]] barihna | style="text-align: right;" | 104.386 | style="text-align: right;" | 1,40% |- | 6 | [[Jolma Lampung|Lampung]] | style="text-align: right;" | 95.983 | style="text-align: right;" | 1,04% |- | 7 | [[Jolma Cina Indonesia|Cina]] | style="text-align: right;" | 72.575 | style="text-align: right;" | 0,98% |- | 8 | [[Jolma Minangkabau|Minangkabau]] | style="text-align: right;" | 64.403 | style="text-align: right;" | 0,87% |- | 9 | [[Jolma Batak|Batak]] | style="text-align: right;" | 45.709 | style="text-align: right;" | 0,61% |- | 10 | [[Jolma Bugis|Bugis]] | style="text-align: right;" | 42.977 | style="text-align: right;" | 0,58% |- | 11 | [[Jolma Bali|Bali]] | style="text-align: right;" | 38.552 | style="text-align: right;" | 0,52% |- | 12 | [[Jolma Jambi|Malayu Jambi]] | style="text-align: right;" | 16.198 | style="text-align: right;" | 0,22% |- | 13 | Suku barihna | style="text-align: right;" | 63.377 | style="text-align: right;" | 0,85% |- ! ! Sumatera Hulu ! style="text-align: right;" | 7.434.042 ! style="text-align: right;" | 100% |- |} ===Igamo=== Masyarakat di provinsi hasa, goh-goh da rik wilayah barihna di [[Pulau Sumatera|Sumatera]] kacuali provinsi [[Bangka Belitung]] rik [[Sumatera Utara]], sabagiyan balak nganut [[madzhab Syafi'i]] [[Islam Sunni]]. Agama hasa sabagiyan balak dianut bak suku [[Jolma Melayu|Melayu]], [[Jolma Jawa|Jawa]], [[Jolma Minangkabau|Minang]], [[Jolma Komering|Komering]], [[Jolma Musi|Musi]], [[Jolma Ogan|Ogan]], [[Jolma Sunda|Sunda]] rik kalompok etnis Sumatora Selatan say barih. Agama minoritas barihna munih tianut; jolma [[Jolma Cina|Tionghoa]] pada dasarna nganut [[Buddha|Buddha Mahayana]] rik Kristen say kalamonan [[Jolma Batak Toba|Batak]] rik [[Jolma Cina|China]] ho diwik. {{Pie chart |thumb = right |caption = Agama di Sumatera Selatan (2023)<ref name="DUKCAPIL"/> |label1 = [[Islam]] |color1 = Green |value1 = 97.22 |label2 = [[Kekristenan]] |color2 = Blue |value2 = 1.57 |label3 = [[Buddha]] |color3 = Yellow |value3 = 0.76 |label4 = [[Hindu]] |color7 = Grey |value4 = 0.49 }} Di tahun 2022 , [[Islam]] joda da agama paling balak di Sumatora Selatan, say dianut bak 97,59% panduduk. Agama minoritas joda da [[Kristen]] (Protestan rik Katolik Roma) 2,34%, [[Buddha]] 0,06%, rik barihna (tikuruk [[Agama Tradisional]], [[Hindu]], [[Kong Hu Chu]] rbn) 0,01% jak populasi.<ref name="RELIGION">[https://satudata.kemenag.go.id/dataset/detail/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-agama ''Jumlah Panduduk Nurut Agama''] Mantori Igamo (Indonesia). 31 Agustus 2022. 29 Oktober 2023</ref> ==Pok Wisata== * [[Palembang]] * [[Pagar Alam]] * [[Danau Ranau]] ==Rujukan== {{Reflist}} i3g692kpnm9hq0gf089s5ppqmbo24b3 38203 38200 2026-06-20T22:50:50Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38203 wikitext text/x-wiki {{provinsi |nama = Sumatera Selatan |golar barih = Sumatra Hulu |translit_lang1 = Basa Dairah |translit_lang1_type = [[Abjad Jawi|Jawi]] |translit_lang1_info = {{Script|Nastaliq|سومترا سلاتن}} |translit_lang1_type1 = [[Surat Ulu]] |translit_lang1_info1 = [[Bondol:Sumatera Selatan in Pasemah.png|120px]] |foto = {{multiple image|border= infobox|total_width= 300|image_style= border:1; |perrow = 1/2/2/2 |image1=LRT Palembang Ampera.jpg |image2=Rumah Limas Museum Balaputradewa.jpg |image3=Pagi hari di Danau Ranau.jpg |image4=GUNUNG DEMPO PAGARALAM .jpg |image5=Suku Palembang.jpg |image6=Lake Shuji - Muara Enim, SS (4).jpg |image7=Hadji Bajumi Wahab Mosque, Indralaya, Ogan Ilir, SS (24 January 2020).jpg }} |caption = '''Janggak guk bah, kiri guk kanan''': [[LRT Palembang]], [[Rumah Limas]], [[Ranaw (Ranaw)|Danau Ranau (OKU Selatan)]], [[Gunung Dempo|Gunung Dempo (Pagar Alam)]], [[Jolma Melayu Palembang|Pakaian adat Melayu Palembang]], [[Kabupaten Muara Enim|Wisata Danau Shuji (Muara Enim)]], rik [[Kabupaten Ogan Ilir|Masjid Hadji Bajumi Wahab (Ogan Ilir)]] |panji = Flag of South Sumatra (vectorised).svg |lambang = Coat of arms of South Sumatra.svg |julukan = Bumi Sriwijaya,<br>Negeri Batanghari Sembilan |motto = Bersatu teguh |peta = South Sumatra in Indonesia.svg {{coor title dm|3|17|S|104|9|E|region:ID_type:adm1st_scale:2000000|display=title}} |dasar hukum = [[Undang-Undang|UU]] No. 10 tahun 1948 |tanggal = {{tanggal lahir dan umur|1946|5|15}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jdih.sumselprov.go.id/userfiles/perda5-2007.pdf|title=PERDA Provinsi Sumatera Selatan No 5 Tahun 2007|website=jdih.sumselprov.go.id|accessdate=22 April 2021|archive-date=2021-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422051814/http://jdih.sumselprov.go.id/userfiles/perda5-2007.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |nagori ratu = [[Palembang|Palimbang]] |kota balak = {{collapsible list| * [[Lubuk Linggau]] * [[Pagar Alam]] * [[Prabumulih]]}} |kabupaten = 13 |kota = 4 |kecamatan = 241 |kelurahan = 396 |desa = 2.855 |dasar hukum = [[Undang-Undang|UU]] No. 10 tahun 1948 |golar gubornur = [[Herman Deru]] |golar wakil gubornur = [[Cik Ujang]] |golar sakataris dairah = Edward Candra |golar katuwa DPRD = Andie Dinialdie |paringkat populasi = 9 di Indonesia |luas = 91592,43 |panduduk = 8973168 |tahun populasi = 30 Juni [[2024]] |populasi ref = <ref name="DUKCAPIL"/><ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2023">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2023, ''Provinsi Sumatera Selatan Dalam Angka 2023'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.16)</ref> |kapado'an = auto |agama = {{ublist |item_style=white-space; |97,21% [[Islam]] |{{Tree list}} * 1,54% [[Kekristenan]] ** 0,97% [[Protestan]] ** 0,57% [[Katolik]] {{Tree list/end}} |0,76% [[Agama Buddha|Buddha]] |0,49% [[Hindu]]<ref name="DUKCAPIL"/>}} |bahasa = {{collapsible list| [[Bahasa Indonesia|Indonesia]] (resmi)<br>[[Bahasa Melayu|Melayu]] (dominan)<br>—[[Bahasa Palembang|Melayu Palembang]]<br>—Melayu Belida<br>—[[Bahasa Besemah|Melayu Besemah]]<br>—[[Bahasa Enim|Melayu Enim]]<br>—Melayu Kikim<br>—[[Bahasa Kisam|Melayu Kisam]]<br>—[[Bahasa Lematang|Melayu Lematang]]<br>—[[Bahasa Musi|Melayu Musi]]<br>—[[Bahasa Col|Melayu Lembak]]<br>—Melayu Lintang<br>—[[Bahasa Ogan|Melayu Ogan]]<br>—Melayu Pegagan<br>—[[Bahasa Penesak|Melayu Penesak]]<br>—[[Bahasa Rambang|Melayu Rambang]]<br>—[[Bahasa Rawas|Melayu Rawas]]<br>—[[Bahasa Semende|Melayu Semende]]<br>—[[Bahasa Melayu Tengah|Melayu Tengah]]<br>[[Bahasa Komering|Komering]]<br>—Daya<br>—[[Bahasa Kayuagung|Kayuagung]]<br>—Pedamaran<br>—Ranau<br>[[Daftar bahasa di Indonesia|Lainnya]] }} |IPM = {{increase}} 73,18 ([[Daftar provinsi di Indonesia menurut IPM|2023]])<br> <span style="background:Yellow;color:#00726a">&nbsp;tinggi&nbsp;</span><ref name="IPM">{{cite web|url=https://sumsel.bps.go.id/indicator/26/961/1/-metode-baru-indeks-pembangunan-manusia-umur-harapan-hidup-hasil-long-form-sp2020-menurut-provinsi.html|title=[Metode Baru] Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (Umur Harapan Hidup Hasil Long Form SP2020) Menurut Provinsi 2021-2023|website=www.sumsel.bps.go.id|accessdate=4 April 2024}}</ref> |kode pos = [[Daftar kode pos di Indonesia|30xxx-32xxx]] |kode area = {{collapsible list| 0702 — Tebing Tinggi (Kabupaten Empat Lawang)| 0711 — Kota Palembang — Pangkalan Balai - Betung (Kabupaten Banyuasin) — Indralaya (Kabupaten Ogan Ilir)| 0712 — Kayu Agung (Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir) — Tanjung Raja (Kabupaten Ogan Ilir)| 0713 — Kota Prabumulih — Pendopo Talang Ubi (Kabupaten Muara Enim)| 0714 — Sekayu (Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin)| 0730 — Kota Pagar Alam — Kota Agung (Kabupaten Lahat)| 0731 — Lahat (Kabupaten Lahat)| 0733 — Kota Lubuklinggau — Muara Beliti (Kabupaten Musi Rawas)| 0734 — Muara Enim (Kabupaten Muara Enim)| 0735 — Baturaja (Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu) — Martapura (Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Timur) — Muaradua (Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan)}} |ISO = ID - SS |TNKB = BG |total APBD = Rp 11.239.120.882.628,00,- |tahun APBD = [[2024]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dprd.sumselprov.go.id/dprd-prov-sumsel-bersama-gubernur-sumsel-sepakati-kua-serta-ppas-apbd-prov-sumsel-tahun-anggaran-2024/}}</ref> |PAD = |DAU = |DAK = |lagu = {{collapsible list|'''Indonesia'''<br>"[[Gending Sriwijaya]]" <br>'''Palembang Sari-sari''' <br>"Cup Mak Ilang"<br>"Palembang Bari"<br>"Pempek Lenjer" <br>'''Palembang Alus/Bebaso''' <br>"Bendel Hakiki"<br>"Cek Ayu"<br>"Benteng Kuto Besak" <br>'''Besemah/Pasemah'''<br>"Kebile-bile"<br>"[[Dek Sangke]]"<br>"[[Petanglah Petang]]"<br>"[[Sayang Selayak]]"<br>"[[Ribulah Ribu]]"<br>'''Komering'''<br>"Ombai Akas"<br>"Mulang Do Kiyai<br>'''Ogan'''<br>"Sane Ayakh Ugan"<br>"Nasib Badan"<br>'''Penesak'''<br>"Caram Seguguk"<br>"Mandi di Payo"<br>'''Pegagan'''<br>"Pindang Pegagan"<br>"Payo Berije"<br>'''Musi'''<br>"Serasan Sekate"<br>"Koyong Jaoh"<br>'''Lembak/Col'''<br>"Mangun Dusun"<br>"Kesenian Lamé"<br>'''Semende'''<br>"Linjang Dik Jadi"<br>"Asal Mule"}} |rumah = [[Rumah Limas]]<br>[[Rumah Baghi]]<br>[[Rumah Rakit]]<br>[[Rumah Ulu]] |senjata = [[Koris (sanjata)|Koris Melayu]]<br>[[Badik Kumoring]]<br>Lading Ulu Pandak<br>[[Trisula]] |flora = [[Langsak]] |fauna = [[Iwak Balido]] |zona waktu = [[Waktu Indonesia Barat|WIB]] |utc = +07:00 |web = {{URL|sumselprov.go.id}} }} '''Sumatora Selatan''' ti-Kumoring ko jadi '''Sumatora Ulu''' atawa '''Sumatora Hulu''' joda da salah osay provinsi di [[Indonesia]], provinsi sija bubatasan pamatang rik [[Jambi]] di liba, [[Lampung]] di hulu, [[Selat Bangka]] di darak, rik [[Bengkulu]] di topi/lawok. Ibukuta na di [[Palembang]], provinsi Sumatora Selatan salah osay provinsi multietnis di [[Indonesia]], suku bangsa say paling umum joda da [[Jolma Palembang|Palembang/Musi]], [[Jolma Komering|Komering]], rik Melayu Tengah (tikurukda [[Jolma Besemah|Besemah]], [[Jolma Ogan|Ogan]], dll).<ref>[http://www.antaranews.com/en/news/76911/prehistoric-artifacts-found-in-s-sumatra ''Artefak prasajarah pahalu di Sumatera Selatan'']</ref> Basa di Sumatora Selatan juga bumacom cara [[Bahasa Palembang|Bahasa Melayu Palembang]], [[Bahasa Komering|Komering]], [[Bahasa Melayu Tengah]], [[Bahasa Pegagan|Pagagan]], rik [[Bahasa Penesak|Padamaran]].<ref name="KBBI">Sopok "''Sumatra Selatan''" dilom Kamus Balak Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) [https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/sumatra%20selatan ''Badan Pangombangan Bahasa rik Pabukuan'']. Kamantorian Pandidikan rik Kabudayaan Republik Indonesia</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230820170125/https://archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.com/2014/10/prehistoric-mother-and-child-burial.html ''Kuburan umak rik anak prasajarah tipahalu di guo Sumatera''] archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.com</ref> ==Demografi== ===Etnis rik Panduduk=== Kalompok etnis asli jak Sumatora Selatan sa joda da jolma-jolma jak rumpun [[Jolma Melayu|Melayu]] rik [[Jolma Komering|Lampung]], say dipa [[Jolma Palembang|Jolma Pulimbang]] jadi kalompok etnis say paling balak, ditutul [[Jolma Jawa|Jawa]], [[Jolma Komering|Komering]], rik suku [[Jolma Melayu|Melayu]] barihna pocak [[Jolma Musi]], rik [[Pagunungan Bukit Barisan|Jolma Pasemah]] (tikuruk da [[Jolma Ogan|Ogan]], [[Jolma Besemah|Besemah]], [[Jolma Lematang|Lematang]] rik barihna say ngaman di sakitaran [[Pagunungan Bukit Barisan]]). {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;width:72%;border:0px;text-align:center;line-height:120%;" ! style="background: #FFEBCD; color: #000080" height="17" | Tahun ! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1971 ! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1980 ! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1990 ! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 2000 ! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 2010 ! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 2020 |- Align="center" ! style="background: #FFEBCD; color: #000080" height="17" | Jumlah panduduk | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 2.930.830 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | [[Bondol:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px|link=]] 3.975.904 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | [[Bondol:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px|link=]] 5.492.993 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | [[Bondol:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px|link=]] 6.210.800 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | [[Bondol:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px|link=]] 7.450.394 ! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | [[Bondol:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px|link=]] 8.497.196<br> (Sensus 2020) |- | colspan="13" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"|<small>Sajarah kapandudukan Sumatera Hulu<br />'''Sumber:'''</small><ref>[http://dds.bps.go.id/eng/aboutus.php?sp BPS Sensus 2010]{{Pranala mati|date=Oktober 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} www.bps.go.id</ref> |} Umumna [[Jolma Palembang|Jolma Pulimbang]] ngaman di daerah kuta [[Palembang]], [[Jolma Musi]] kalamonan di [[Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin]], [[Kabupaten Banyuasin|Banyuasin]], [[Kabupaten Musi Rawas|Musi Rawas]], [[Kabupaten Musi Rawas Utara|Musi Rawas Utara]], [[Lubuk Linggau]], rik [[Kabupaten Ogan Ilir|Ogan Ilir]]. [[Jolma Komering]] ngaman di [[Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir]], [[Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Timur|OKU Timur]], [[Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan|OKU Selatan]], rik [[Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu|OKU]]. Sodongko [[Pagunungan Bukit Barisan|Jolma Melayu Tongah]] ngaman di [[Kabupaten Lahat]], [[Kabupaten Muara Enim|Muara Enim]], [[Kabupaten Empat Lawang|Empat Lawang]], [[Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu|OKU]], [[Prabumulih]], [[Lubuk Linggau]], rik [[Pagar Alam]]. Sodongko say barihna pocak [[Jolma Pagagan]] ngaman di [[Kabupaten Ogan Ilir]] rik [[Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir|OKI]], [[Jolma Panesak]] ngaman di [[Padamaran]], [[Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir]], [[Jolma Melayu Pasisir]] ngaman di [[Tulung Salapan]], [[Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir|OKI]]. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:100%;" ! style="background:#FFFFC0;"|No ! style="background:#FFFFC0;"|Suku ! style="background:#FFFFC0;"|Jumlah [[2010]] ! style="background:#FFFFC0;"|% |- | 1 ! Asal Sumatera Hulu* ! style="text-align: right;" | 4.120.408 ! style="text-align: right;" | 55,43% |- | 2 | [[Jolma Jawa|Jawa]] | style="text-align: right;" | 2.037.715 | style="text-align: right;" | 27,41% |- | 3 | [[Jolma Melayu|Malayu]] | style="text-align: right;" | 602.741 | style="text-align: right;" | 8,11% |- | 4 | [[Jolma Sunda|Sunda]] | style="text-align: right;" | 180.018 | style="text-align: right;" | 2,42% |- | 5 | Asal [[Sumatera]] barihna | style="text-align: right;" | 104.386 | style="text-align: right;" | 1,40% |- | 6 | [[Jolma Lampung|Lampung]] | style="text-align: right;" | 95.983 | style="text-align: right;" | 1,04% |- | 7 | [[Jolma Cina Indonesia|Cina]] | style="text-align: right;" | 72.575 | style="text-align: right;" | 0,98% |- | 8 | [[Jolma Minangkabau|Minangkabau]] | style="text-align: right;" | 64.403 | style="text-align: right;" | 0,87% |- | 9 | [[Jolma Batak|Batak]] | style="text-align: right;" | 45.709 | style="text-align: right;" | 0,61% |- | 10 | [[Jolma Bugis|Bugis]] | style="text-align: right;" | 42.977 | style="text-align: right;" | 0,58% |- | 11 | [[Jolma Bali|Bali]] | style="text-align: right;" | 38.552 | style="text-align: right;" | 0,52% |- | 12 | [[Jolma Jambi|Malayu Jambi]] | style="text-align: right;" | 16.198 | style="text-align: right;" | 0,22% |- | 13 | Suku barihna | style="text-align: right;" | 63.377 | style="text-align: right;" | 0,85% |- ! ! Sumatera Hulu ! style="text-align: right;" | 7.434.042 ! style="text-align: right;" | 100% |- |} ===Igamo=== Masyarakat di provinsi hasa, goh-goh da rik wilayah barihna di [[Pulau Sumatera|Sumatera]] kacuali provinsi [[Bangka Belitung]] rik [[Sumatera Utara]], sabagiyan balak nganut [[madzhab Syafi'i]] [[Islam Sunni]]. Agama hasa sabagiyan balak dianut bak suku [[Jolma Melayu|Melayu]], [[Jolma Jawa|Jawa]], [[Jolma Minangkabau|Minang]], [[Jolma Komering|Komering]], [[Jolma Musi|Musi]], [[Jolma Ogan|Ogan]], [[Jolma Sunda|Sunda]] rik kalompok etnis Sumatora Selatan say barih. Agama minoritas barihna munih tianut; jolma [[Jolma Cina|Tionghoa]] pada dasarna nganut [[Buddha|Buddha Mahayana]] rik Kristen say kalamonan [[Jolma Batak Toba|Batak]] rik [[Jolma Cina|China]] ho diwik. {{Pie chart |thumb = right |caption = Agama di Sumatera Selatan (2023)<ref name="DUKCAPIL"/> |label1 = [[Islam]] |color1 = Green |value1 = 97.22 |label2 = [[Kekristenan]] |color2 = Blue |value2 = 1.57 |label3 = [[Buddha]] |color3 = Yellow |value3 = 0.76 |label4 = [[Hindu]] |color7 = Grey |value4 = 0.49 }} Di tahun 2022 , [[Islam]] joda da agama paling balak di Sumatora Selatan, say dianut bak 97,59% panduduk. Agama minoritas joda da [[Kristen]] (Protestan rik Katolik Roma) 2,34%, [[Buddha]] 0,06%, rik barihna (tikuruk [[Agama Tradisional]], [[Hindu]], [[Kong Hu Chu]] rbn) 0,01% jak populasi.<ref name="RELIGION">[https://satudata.kemenag.go.id/dataset/detail/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-agama ''Jumlah Panduduk Nurut Agama''] Mantori Igamo (Indonesia). 31 Agustus 2022. 29 Oktober 2023</ref> ==Pok Wisata== * [[Palembang]] * [[Pagar Alam]] * [[Danau Ranau]] ==Rujukan== {{Reflist}} jellhd4a5gg9vz38h1apqbay8yq16p0 0 3099 38180 34149 2026-06-20T22:18:05Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38180 wikitext text/x-wiki {{provinsi |nama = Sumatera Utara |nama resmi = |golar barih = Sumatra Liba |translit_lang1 = bahasa daerah |translit_lang1_info1 = ᯘᯮᯔᯖᯩᯒ ᯥᯖᯒ |translit_lang1_type1 = [[Huruf Batak]] |translit_lang1_info2 = {{script/Arabic|سوماترا اوتارا}} |translit_lang1_type2 = [[Huruf Arab Malayu Jawi|Jawi]] |bandera = Flag of North Sumatra.svg |lambang = Coat of arms of North Sumatra.svg |foto = {{multiple image|border= infobox|total_width= 300|image_style = border:1; |perrow = 1/2/2/2 |image1=Lake Toba, Sumatra.jpg |caption1=<div style="text-align: center;">[[Danau Toba]]</div> |image2=Istana Maimun Kota Medan.jpg |caption2=<div style="text-align: center;">[[Istana Maimun|Istana Maimun Medan]]</div> |image3=Gereja Velangkani Medan.jpg |caption3=<div style="text-align: center;">[[Graha Maria Annai Velangkanni|Garija Velangkanni]]</div> |image4=Rumah Bolon, Rumah Adat Suku Batak di Sumatera Utara.jpg |caption4=<div style="text-align: center;">[[Ruma Bolon]] di [[Pulau Samosir|Samosir]]</div> |image5=Candi Bahal II mirza baihaqie.jpg |caption5=<div style="text-align: center;">[[Candi Bahal|Candi Bahal (Portibi)]]</div> |image6=Hombo Batu, Pulau Nias.jpg |caption6=<div style="text-align: center;">[[Fahombo|Hombo Batu Nias]]</div> |image7=Erupsi Gunung Sinabung.jpg |caption7=<div style="text-align: center;">[[Gunung Sinabung|Gunung Sinabung Karo]]</div> }} |motto = Tekun berkarya, hidup sejahtera, mulia berbudaya |peta = North Sumatra in Indonesia.svg |dasar hukum = UU No. 10 Tahun 1948<br/>UU No. 24 Tahun 1956 |hari jadi = {{tanggal lahir dan umur|1948|4|15}} |bandar nagori = [[Medan]] |kota balak = {{collapsible list| *[[Kota Pematangsiantar|Pematangsiantar]] *[[Kota Binjai|Binjai]] *[[Kota Tebing Tinggi|Tebing Tinggi]] *[[Kota Padangsidimpuan|Padangsidimpuan]] *[[Kota Tanjungbalai|Tanjungbalai]] *[[Kota Sibolga|Sibolga]] *[[Kota Gunungsitoli|Gunungsitoli]]}} |kabupaten = 25 |kota = 8 |kecamatan = 456 |kelurahan = 694 |desa = 5.418 |golar gubornur = [[Agus Fatoni]] (Pj.) |golar wakil gubornur = ''bangkang'' |golar sakataris dairah = Arief Sudarto Trinugroho |golar katuwa DPRD = Sutarto |luas = 72981,23 |borakpamatang = <!-- Tuliskan angka saja, tanpa satuan (km2) dan tanda titik sebagai pembatas ribuan. --> |borakuwayan = <!-- Tuliskan angka saja, tanpa satuan (km2) dan tanda titik sebagai pembatas ribuan. --> |persenuwayan = <!-- Tuliskan angka saja, tanpa satuan (%). --> |paringkat populasi = 4 |panduduk = 15548873 |tahun populasi = 30 Juni [[2024]] |populasi ref = <ref name="DUKCAPIL">{{cite web|url=https://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/|title=Visualisasi Data Kependudukan - Kementerian Dalam Negeri 2024|website=www.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id|accessdate=16 November 2024|format=Visual}}</ref> |kapado'an = auto |agama = {{ublist |item_style=white-space; |62,77% [[Islam]] |{{Tree list}} * 34,36% [[Kekristenan]] ** 26,92% [[Protestan]] ** 7,44% [[Katolik]] {{Tree list/end}} |2,58% [[Agama Buddha|Buddha]] |0,18% [[Konghucu]] |0,11% [[Hindu]]<ref name="SUMUT">{{cite web|url=https://sumut.bps.go.id/statictable/2023/03/13/2978/jumlah-umat-agama-menurut-kabupaten-kota-di-provinsi-sumatera-utara-2022.html|title=Jumlah Penduduk Menurut Kabupaten/Kota dan Agama yang Dianut, 2022|website=www.sumut.bps.go.id|accessdate=29 Desember 2023}}</ref>}} |bahasa = {{collapsible list|[[bahasa Indonesia|Indonesia]] (resmi)<br>[[Rumpun bahasa Batak|Batak]] (dominan)<br>—[[bahasa Batak Angkola|Batak Angkola]]<br>—[[bahasa Karo|Batak Karo]] <br>—[[bahasa Mandailing|Batak Mandailing]]<br>—[[bahasa Batak Pakpak|Batak Pakpak]]<br>—[[bahasa Simalungun|Batak Simalungun]]<br>—[[bahasa Batak Toba|Batak Toba]]<br>[[bahasa Jawa|Jawa]]<br>[[bahasa Melayu|Melayu]]<br>—[[bahasa dagang dan kreol Melayu#Melayu Baba|Melayu Baba]]<br>—[[Melayu Deli]]<br>[[bahasa Nias|Nias]]<br>[[bahasa Minangkabau|Minangkabau]]<br>[[bahasa Aceh|Aceh]]<br>[[bahasa Arab|Arab]]<br>[[bahasa Hakka|Hakka]]<br>[[bahasa Hokkien|Hokkien]]<br>—[[Hokkien Medan]]<br>[[bahasa Tamil|Tamil]]<br>[[bahasa Tionghoa|Tionghoa]]}} |IPM = {{increase}} 75,13 ([[2023]])<br>{{fontcolor|#00726a|langgar}}<ref name="IPM">{{cite web|url=https://www.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/MjIwNSMy/-metode-baru--indeks-pembangunan-manusia--umur-harapan-hidup-hasil-long-form-sp2020-.html|title=Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (Umur Harapan Hidup Hasil Long Form SP2020) 2021-2023|website=www.bps.go.id|accessdate=16 November 2024}}</ref> |total APBD = Rp 14.834.905.519.358,- |tahun APBD = [[2024]]<ref name="APBD">{{cite web|url=https://sumutprov.go.id/indeks-pengelolaan-keuangan-daerah/peraturan-daerah-tentang-apbd/219|title=Peraturan Daerah tentang APBD Tahun 2024|format=pdf|website=www.sumutprov.go.id|accessdate=16 November 2024}}</ref> |PAD = Rp 18.045.020.000.000,- ([[2024]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://djpk.kemenkeu.go.id/portal/data/apbd?periode=11&tahun=2024&provinsi=02&pemda=--|title=Postur APBD Se Provinsi Sumatera Utara Tahun 2024|website=djpk.kemenkeu.go.id|date=(2024)|accessdate=16 November 2024}}</ref> |DAU = Rp 2.904.966.554.000,- ([[2024]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://djpk.kemenkeu.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Rincian-Alokasi-DAU-DBH-TA-2024.pdf|title=Rincian Dana Transfer Umum T.A 2024 Menurut Provinsi/Kabupaten/Kota|website=www.djpk.kemenkeu.go.id|date=(2024)|accessdate=16 November 2024|format=PDF}}</ref> |DAK = Rp 2.242.574.188.000,- ([[2024]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://djpk.kemenkeu.go.id/?portfolio=daftar-alokasi-tkdd-2024-prov-sumatera-utara|title=Buku Alokasi dan Rangkuman Kebijakan Transfer Ke Daerah T.A 2024 Provinsi Sumatera Utara|website=djpk.kemenkeu.go.id|date=(2024)|accessdate=16 November 2024|page=22}}</ref> |lagu = {{unbulleted list|"Kijom" ([[Suku Batak Angkola|Angkola]])| "[[Djaga Depari|Famili Taksi]]" ([[Suku Karo|Karo]])| "[[Nahum Situmorang|Ketabo]]" ([[Suku Mandailing|Mandailing]])|"Selayang Pandang" ([[Suku Melayu|Melayu]])| "Maena" ([[Suku Nias|Nias]])|"Tirismo" ([[Suku Batak Pakpak|Pakpak]])| "[[Taralamsyah Saragih|Pos Ni Uhur]]" ([[Suku Batak Simalungun|Simalungun]])|"[[Siddik Sitompul|Mumpat Taluktuk]]" ([[Suku Batak Toba|Toba]])}} |rumah = {{hlist|[[Ruma Bolon]]|[[Omo hada]] dan [[omo sebua]]|[[Siwaluh jabu]]|[[Bagas godang]]|[[Rumah Bolon|Pamatang Purba]]|[[Jerro]]|Rumah adat Melayu Deli}} |senjata = [[Piso]] |kode area = {{Collapsible list| 061 — Kota Medan — Kota Binjai — Stabat (Kabupaten Langkat) — Lubuk Pakam (Kabupaten Deli Serdang) — Perbaungan - Pantai Cermin (Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai)| 0620 — Pangkalan Brandan (Kabupaten Langkat)| 0621 — Kota Tebing Tinggi — Sei Rampah (Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai)| 0622 — Kota Pematangsiantar — Pematang Raya (Kabupaten Simalungun) — Limapuluh (Kabupaten Batu Bara)| 0623 — Kisaran (Kabupaten Asahan) — Kota Tanjung Balai| 0624 — Rantau Prapat (Kabupaten Labuhanbatu) — Aek Kanopan (Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Utara) — Kota Pinang (Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Selatan)| 0625 — Parapat (Kabupaten Simalungun) — Ajibata (Kabupaten Toba Samosir) — Simanindo (Kabupaten Samosir)| 0626 — Pangururan (Kabupaten Samosir)| 0627 — Sidikalang (Kabupaten Dairi) — Salak (Kabupaten Pakpak Bharat)| 0628 — Kabanjahe (Kabupaten Karo) — Sibolangit (Kabupaten Deli Serdang)| 0630 — Teluk Dalam (Kabupaten Nias Selatan)| 0631 — Kota Sibolga — Pandan (Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah)| 0632 — Balige (Kabupaten Toba Samosir)| 0633 — Tarutung (Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara) — Dolok Sanggul (Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan)| 0634 — Kota Padang Sidempuan — Sipirok (Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan)| 0635 — Gunung Tua (Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara)| 0636 — Panyabungan (Kabupaten Mandailing Natal) — Sibuhuan (Kabupaten Padang Lawas)| 0639 — Kota Gunung Sitoli}} |flora = [[Kananga]] |fauna = [[Beo Nias]] |NKB = {{Collapsible list|BK (Pasisir Darak)|BB (Pasisir Lawok)}} |ISO = ID-SU |zona waktu = [[Waktu Indonesia Barat|WIB]] |utc = +07:00 |kode pos = 20''xxx''-22''xxx'' |web = {{url|sumutprov.go.id}} }} '''Sumatora Utara''' atau ti-Kumoringko jadi '''Sumatora Liba''' joda da salah osay provinsi di [[Pulau Sumatera]] say paling lamon penduduk na di Pulaw Sumatora sa. Ibukuta provinsi sija di kuta [[Medan]], provinsi hasa juga uwat danau paling borak di [[Indonesia]] say golarna [[Danau Toba]]. Etnis di Sumatora Utara say paling mendominasi joda da [[Jolma Batak]], [[Jolma Jawa]], rik [[Jolma Melayu]]. Provinsi Sumatora Utara sa joda da provinsi say paling lamon pandudukna di [[Pulau Sumatera]], sakaligus provinsi say pok ngaman suku [[Kristen]] paling balak joda da '''Jolma Batak'''. ==Budaya== Jolma Batak say kalamonan ngaman di provinsi hasa nyumbangko kaunyin kabudayaanna, juk [[Tari Tor-tor]] salah osay tarian say tisuhur di [[Indonesia]] jak Tanoh Batak. Uwat munih seni arsitektur joda da panday tiliyak di Lambahan Bolon salah osay Lambahan adat jak daerah Batak. ===Karajinan=== Jolma Batak uwat kain tenun khas say tisobut [[Ulos]], Ulos sa tipakay harak Kahwin, Upacara Kamatian, Nogakko Lambahan, rik barihna. ===Kani'an=== Kani'an di provinsi Sumatora Utara sa bumacom-macom uwat say halal uwat munih say haram tikonsumsi bagi jolma [[Islam|Muslim]]. Kasumangan agama ngguway keanekaragaman di provinsi Sumatora Utara ho diwik. Masakan di pamatang langgar atawa di daerah Batak non-Muslim biasona kalamonan makay babi, hidangan babi say tikonal joda da [[Saksang]], salah osay olahan daging babi khas [[Jolma Batak Toba|Batak Toba]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idntimes.com/food/dining-guide/rosma-stifani/olahan-daging-babi-di-sumatra-c1c2?page=all|title=10 Olahan Daging Babi di Sumatra, Jangan Cuma Tahu Saksang!|first=Tifani|last=Topan|date=19 Maret 2022|website=www.idntimes.com|accessdate=5 September 2023|archive-date=2023-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905093341/https://www.idntimes.com/food/dining-guide/rosma-stifani/olahan-daging-babi-di-sumatra-c1c2?page=all|dead-url=no}}</ref>. Sodongko di pasisir kalamonan masakan say bubahan dasar iwak lawok. ==Wisata== Di provinsi Sumatora Utara sa lamon pok buwisata atawa midang, tujuan say paling tikonal joda da guk [[Danau Toba]], salah osay danau say paling balak di nagara [[Indonesia]] sa, [[Istana Maimun]] di [[Medan]]. Uwat munih wisata kesenian say buruba lumpak batu di [[Pulau Nias]], [[Tari Tor-tor]], tradisi Sigale-gale di Tanoh Batak. == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} 27acwe6acq6l7zse8rh02y95atcucsj 0 3218 38155 36819 2026-06-20T19:50:56Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Opsi berkas bogus 38155 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:MAC pink lipstick (1).jpg|thumb|Abang Bibir]] '''Vina''' atawa '''Abang Bibir''' joda da salah osay [[kosmetik]] say tigunako untuk nyiawko [[bibir]]. [[Category:Kosmetik]] m3582wvnfpjgg28ys9sflgejl2m7f20 0 3343 38171 27326 2026-06-20T20:13:35Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38171 wikitext text/x-wiki <div lang="kge" dir=rtl>'''باس تاتار''' جودا د ساله اوسي باس سي تيڤكاي دي ريڤوبليک تاتارستان دي نگارا [[Rusia|روسيا]].</div> d5jccs2oodzhvm5p5m9okckp9dshycm 10 3847 38227 31961 2026-06-21T11:36:52Z Àncilu 1583 [[Usus:LintErrors/stripped-tag]] 38227 wikitext text/x-wiki <div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:{{#expr: {{period start|Cambrian}}/650*250}}px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:{{period color|Ediacaran}}; background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));">[[Precambrian|PreꞒ]]</div> {{fossil range/bar|Cambrian|Ꞓ}} {{fossil range/bar|Ordovician|O}} {{fossil range/bar|Silurian|S}} {{fossil range/bar|Devonian|D}} {{fossil range/bar|Carboniferous|C}} {{fossil range/bar|Permian|P}} {{fossil range/bar|Triassic|T}} {{fossil range/bar|Jurassic|J}} {{fossil range/bar|Cretaceous|K}} {{fossil range/bar|Paleogene|Pg}} {{fossil range/bar|Neogene|N}} <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div></div><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> pl6vb04i3fi0gnm5jr9uukojjhd0vz8 10 4954 38224 37925 2026-06-21T08:30:35Z Àncilu 1583 [[Usus:LintErrors/stripped-tag]] 38224 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Federasi Rusia | common_name = Rusia | native_name = Росси́йская Федера́ция <br> ''Rossiyskaya Federatsiya'' {{small|([[Basa Rusiya|Rusia]])}} | image_flag = Flag of Russia with border.svg | image_coat = Coat of Arms of the Russian Federation.svg<!-- Tolong jangan gonta-ganti/hapus lambangnya dikarenakan lambang itu sudah tercantumkan secara asli di wikipedia. --> | coa_size = 78px | imagestyle = {{linear-gradient|left|white,lavender,pink}} | national_motto = | national_anthem = <br> {{script/Unyin|Государственный гимн Российской Федерации}} <br> ''{{script/Unyin|[[Gosudarstvenny Gimn Rossiyskoy Federatsii]]}}'' <br> {{small|("Himne Nasional Federasi Rusia")}} <br> {{Centre|[[File:National Anthem of Russia (2000), instrumental, one verse.ogg]]}}<!-- Tolong jangan ganti ini dengan versi vokal. Untuk menjaga kesinambungan dengan halaman Wikipedia lainnya di negara-negara modern, versi instrumental harus digunakan. --> | image_map = {{Switcher|[[File:Russian Federation (orthographic projection) - All Territorial Disputes.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Perlihatkan Bumi|[[File:Europe-Russia.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Perlihatkan peta Eropa|[[File:Flag-map of Russia.svg|frameless]]|Perlihatkan peta Bendera|default=1}} | map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=hujaw manom |region=Eropa |region_color=kalabu |subregion=[[Samananjung Krimea]]|subregion_color=hujaw}} | map_width = 250px | image_map2 = File:Russia - Location Map (2013) - RUS - UNOCHA.svg | capital = [[Moskow]]<!-- Tolong jangan ganti/hapus ini nama ibukotanya dikarenakan nama ibukota itu sudah tercantumkan di wikipedia. --> | coordinates = {{Coord|55|45|N|37|37|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | languages_type = Basa rasmi <br> {{nobold|rik basa nasional}} | languages = [[basa Rusiya|Rusia]]; [[Daftar basa di Rusiya|27 basa-basa barihna]] tianggap sabagay basa rasmi atawa non-rasmi di wilayah-wilayah bawahan | ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list | 71,7% [[Jolma Rusia|Rusia]] | 3,2% [[Jolma Tatar|Tatar]] | 1,1% [[Jolma Bashkir|Bashkir]] | 1,1% [[Jolma Chechen|Chechen]] | 11,3% [[Suku bangsa di Rusiya|barihna]] | 11,6% Mak ngalapor }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2021; tikarung Krimea | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref>{{cite web|title=Национальный состав населения|url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx|publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]]|access-date=30 December 2022}}</ref> | government_type = [[Federasi]] [[Sistem semipresidensial|semi-presidensial]] [[republik]] [[konstitusional]] | leader_title1 = [[Presiden Rusia|Presiden]] | leader_name1 = [[Vladimir Putin]] | leader_title2 = [[Pardano Mantori Rusia|Pardano Mantori]] | leader_name2 = [[Mikhail Mishustin]] | legislature = [[Majelis Federal Rusia|Majelis Federal]] | upper_house = {{script/Unyin|Совет Федерации}}<br />''[[Dewan Federasi Rusia|Sovet Federatsii]]'' | lower_house = {{script/Unyin|Государственная Дума}}<br />''[[Duma Negara|Gosudarstvennaya Duma]]'' | sovereignty_type = Pambontukan | established_event1 = [[Dinasti Rurik]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1150russia.ru/ukaz-prezidenta-rf-o-prazdnovanii-1150-letiya-zarozhdeniya-rossiyskoy-gosudarstvennosti.html |script-title=ru:Указ Президента РФ "О праздновании 1150-летия зарождения российской государственности" |trans-title=Presidential Decree "On celebrating the 1150th anniversary of Russian statehood" |language=Russian |author= |date=3 March 2011 |website=www.1150russia.ru |publisher={{lang|ru| Комитет культуры Новгородской области}} (Novgorod Region Culture Committee) |access-date=20 October 2016 |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714233159/http://www.1150russia.ru/ukaz-prezidenta-rf-o-prazdnovanii-1150-letiya-zarozhdeniya-rossiyskoy-gosudarstvennosti.html |archive-date=14 July 2014 |dead-url=yes}}</ref> | established_date1 = 862 | established_event2 = [[Rus' Kiev]] | established_date2 = 882 | established_event3 = [[Kaaryapatihan Moskow]] | established_date3 = 1283 | established_event4 = [[Katsaran Rusia]] | established_date4 = 16 Januwari 1547 | established_event5 = [[Kakaisaran Rusia]] | established_date5 = 22 Oktober 1721 | established_event6 = [[Republik Rusia]] | established_date6 = 14 September 1917 | established_event7 = [[Republik Sosialis Federasi Soviet Rusia|RSFS Rusia]] | established_date7 = [[Revolusi Oktober|7 November 1917]] | established_event8 = [[Uni Soviet]] | established_date8 = [[Perjanjian_Perihal_Pembentukan_Uni_Republik_Sosialis_Soviet|30 Desember 1922]] | established_event9 = [[Harani Kamonangan (9 May)|Harani Nasional]] | established_date9 = [[Instrumen Panyorahan Diri Jerman|9 May 1945]] | established_event10 = Harani Federasi Rusia | established_date10 = 12 Juni 1990 | established_event11 = [[Piagam Belavezha|Deklarasi CIS]] | established_date11 = 8 Desember 1991 | established_event12 = [[Pambubaran Uni Soviet|Tibontukna Federasi]] | established_date12 = 26 Desember 1991 | established_event13 = Konstitusi ganta sa | established_date13 = 12 Desember 1993 | area_km2 = 17125191 | area_footnote = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/publications/pocketbook/files/world-stats-pocketbook-2016.pdf#page=182 |title=World Statistics Pocketbook 2016 edition |publisher=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Statistics Division |date= |access-date=24 April 2018 |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://rosreestr.ru/upload/Doc/18-upr/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%20%D1%84.22%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%202016%20%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%20(%D0%BF%D0%BE%20%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%20%D0%A0%D0%A4)_%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82.doc |script-title=ru:Сведения о наличии и распределении земель в Российской Федерации на 1 January 2017 (в разрезе субъектов Российской Федерации)|title=Information about avaliability and distribution of land in the Russian Federation as of 1 January 2017 (by federal subjects of Russia|website=[[Rosreestr]])}}</ref> | area_rank = 1 | percent_water = 13<ref name=gen>{{cite web|title=The Russian federation: general characteristics |url=http://www.gks.ru/scripts/free/1c.exe?XXXX09F.2.1/010000R |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728064121/http://www.gks.ru/scripts/free/1c.exe?XXXX09F.2.1%2F010000R |archivedate=28 July 2011 |website=Federal State Statistics Service |accessdate=5 April 2008 |deadurl=yes}}</ref>&nbsp;{{small|(tikarung da lobak)}} | population_estimate = {{plainlist| * {{IncreaseNeutral}} 147.164.296 (Patongahan 2022)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/313 | title=Росстат — Новости Росстата }}</ref> * {{nowrap|{{small|(tikarung Krimea)}}<ref name="gks.ru-popul">{{cite web |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/PrPopul2022_Site.xls |format=XLS|script-title=ru:Предварительная оценка численности постоянного населения на 1 января 2022 года и в среднем за 2021 год|trans-title=Preliminary estimated population as of 1 January 2022 and on the average for 2021 |language=ru |work=[[Russian Federal State Statistics Service]] |access-date=30 January 2022}}</ref>}} * {{Decrease}} 143.054.637 * {{small|(mak tikarung taka Krimea)}}<ref name="gks.ru-popul"/>}} | population_estimate_year = 2022 | population_estimate_rank = 9 | population_density_km2 = 8,4 | population_density_sq_mi = 21,5 | population_density_rank = 181 | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $4,65 triliun<ref name="IMFWEORU">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/October/weo-report?c=922,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2021&ey=2022&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1|title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2022 |website=IMF.org |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |access-date=14 October 2022}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2022 | GDP_PPP_rank = 6 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $31.967<ref name="IMFWEORU"/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 55 | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $2,133 triliun<ref name="IMFWEORU"/> | GDP_nominal_year = 2022 | GDP_nominal_rank = 9 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $14.665<ref name="IMFWEORU"/> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 80 | Gini = 36.0 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2020 | Gini_change = steady<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="WBgini">{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=RU |title= GINI index (World Bank estimate) |publisher= World Bank |accessdate= 2 November 2017}}</ref> | Gini_rank = 98 | HDI = 0.824 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2018_human_development_statistical_update.pdf |title=2018 Human Development Report |year=2018 |accessdate=14 September 2018 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> | HDI_rank = 49 | currency = [[Rubel Rusia]] (₽) | currency_code = RUB |time_zone = [[Waktu di Rusia|macom-ragom]] | utc_offset = [[UTC+02:00|+2]] tungguk [[UTC+12:00|+12]] | date_format = hh.bb.tttt | drives_on = kanan | calling_code = [[Nomor telepon di Rusia|+7]] | cctld = [[.ru]] <br> [[.su]] <br> [[.рф]] | religion = {{unbulleted list | 73 % [[Kristen]] | 15 % [[Ateisme]] | 10 % [[Islam di Rusia|Islam]] | 2 % barihna | ''[[Agama di Rusia]]''}} | footnote1 = Krimea [[Resolusi Majelis Umum Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa 68/262|diakui]] sebagai wilayah [[Ukraina]] oleh mayoritas negara anggota PBB, tetapi secara ''de facto'' adalah [[Krisis Krimea 2014|milik]] Rusia.<ref>{{cite news|last=Taylor|first=Adam|title=Crimea has joined the ranks of the world's 'gray areas.' Here are the others on that list.|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2014/03/22/crimea-has-joined-the-ranks-of-the-worlds-gray-areas-here-are-the-others-on-that-list/|publisher=The Washington Post|accessdate=27 March 2014|date=22 March 2014}}</ref> | footnote2 = 25 Oktober menurut Kalender Julian | footnotes = {{Tnavbar|Rusia infobox|plain=1}} }}<noinclude>[[Kaban:Templat kotak info negara|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Kaban:Templat Rusia|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> hajnmm41qenuzov41u5pa2s501rgogd 10 4964 38215 36147 2026-06-20T23:10:57Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Tanda yang menutup sendiri 38215 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox_Country |conventional_long_name = Georgia |native_name = საქართველო{{br}}''Sakartvelo'' {{small|([[Bahasa Georgia|Georgia]])}} |common_name = Georgia |image_flag = Flag of Georgia.svg |image_coat = Greater coat of arms of Georgia.svg |coa_size = 100px |image_map = {{Switcher|[[File:Georgia (orthographic projection with inset).svg|frameless]]|Perlihatkan Bumi|[[File:EU-Georgia.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Perlihatkan peta Eropa|[[File:Flag-map of Georgia.svg|frameless]]|Perlihatkan peta Bendera|default=1}} | map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=hijau gelap |region=Eropa |region_color=abu-abu |subregion=[[UE]] |subregion_color=hijau}} | map_width = 250px |image_map2 = Georgia — Location Map (2013) - GEO - UNOCHA.svg |national_motto = {{script/Unyin|ძალა ერთობაშია}}{{br}} ''Dzala ertobashia''{{br}}([[Bahasa Georgia|Georgia]]: "Kakuwatan Ngaliyu'i Pasatuan") |national_anthem = {{br}}{{script/Unyin|თავისუფლება}}{{br}}''[[Tavisupleba]]'' <br> {{small|([[Basa Kumoring|Kumoring]]: "Kabibasan")}} <br> {{Centre|[[File:Georgian national anthem.oga]]}}</div> |official_languages = [[Bahasa Georgia|Georgia]] |capital = [[Tbilisi]]^¹ |coordinates = {{Coord|41|43|N|44|47|E|type:City}} |largest_city = capital |government_type = [[Nagara kasatuan|Kasatuan]] [[Sistem parlementer|parlementer]] [[republik]] [[konstitusional]] |leader_title1 = [[Presiden Georgia|Presiden]] |leader_title2 = [[Pardano Mantori Georgia|Pardano Mantori]] |leader_title3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name1 = [[Salome Zurabishvili]] |leader_name2 = [[Irakli Kobakhidze]] |leader_name3 = |leader_name4 = |legislature = {{script/Unyin|პარლამენტი}}{{br}}''[[Parlemen Georgia|P'arlament'i]]'' |sovereignty_type = Pambontukan |established_event1 = [[Karajoan Diaokhi]] |established_date1 = Abad ka-12 - 8 SM |established_event2 = [[Colchis]] |established_date2 = Abad ka-13 - 164 SM |established_event3 = [[Karajoan Iberia]] |established_date3 = 302 SM |established_event4 = [[Kapangiranan Iberia]] |established_date4 = 580 M |established_event5 = [[Karajoan Georgia]] |established_date5 = 1008 |established_event6 = Kabibasan jak [[Kakaisaran Rusia]] |established_date6 = 12 September 1801 |established_event7 = [[Republik Demokratik Georgia]] <br> (Harani Nasional) |established_date7 = 26 May 1918 |established_event8 = [[Invasi Tantora Siyaw guk Georgia|Pandudukan luwot bak Soviet]] |established_date8 = 25 Fabuwari 1921 |established_event9 = Kabibasan jak [[Uni Soviet]] |established_date9 = 9 April 1991 |established_event10 = Konstitusi ganta sa |established_date10 = 24 Agustus 1995 |area_rank = 120 |area_km2 = 69420 |percent_water = dapok tiilingko | population_census = {{Decrease}} 4.813.804{{efn|Di [[Pamarintah Republik Otonom Abkhazia|Republik Otonom Abkhazia]].<ref>{{citation |chapter=Article 8 |title=Constitution of Georgia|title-link=Constitution of Georgia (country)}}. In [[Abkhazian Autonomous Republic|Abkhazian AR]], also [[Abkhaz language|Abkhazian]].</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://parliament.ge/uploads/other/28/28803.pdf |title=Constitution of Georgia |website=Parliament of Georgia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210071629/http://parliament.ge/uploads/other/28/28803.pdf |archive-date=10 December 2017}}</ref>}}<ref name="2014 Census">{{cite web|url=http://census.ge/files/results/Census_release_ENG.pdf|title=2014 General Population Census Main Results General Information — National Statistics Office of Georgia|access-date=2022-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808154843/http://census.ge/files/results/Census_release_ENG.pdf|archive-date=8 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> | population_census_year = 2014 | population_estimate = {{Decrease}} 4.913.647{{Ref label|population|a|}}<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2022-05-07|title=Demographic Portal|url=https://www.geostat.ge/en/modules/categories/41/population}}</ref><br/> 4,012,104{{efn|Tidak termasuk [[Abkhazia]] dan [[Ossetia Selatan]], dua [[Daftar negara bagian dengan pengakuan terbatas|negara bagian yang diakui sebagian]] di bawah [[wilayah pendudukan Georgia|pendudukan Rusia]]. [[Pemerintah Georgia (negara)|Pemerintah Georgia]] menganggap kedua republik sebagai bagian integral dari negara tersebut, yang di [[Pengakuan internasional atas Abkhazia dan Ossetia Selatan|dukung oleh internasional]].}} | population_estimate_year = 2022 | population_estimate_rank = 126 | population_density_km2 = 57,6 | population_density_sq_mi = 149,1 | population_density_rank = 137 | GDP_PPP = {{nowrap|{{increase}} $61,58 miliar{{Ref label|population|a|}}<ref name="imf.org">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/October/weo-report?c=915,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2019&ey=2026&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2021 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=6 March 2022}}</ref>}} | GDP_PPP_year = 2021 | GDP_PPP_rank = 110 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $16.590{{Ref label|population|a|}}<ref name="imf.org"/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 83 | GDP_nominal = {{nowrap|{{increase}} $17,85 miliar}}{{Ref label|population|a|}}<ref name="imf.org"/> | GDP_nominal_year = 2021 | GDP_nominal_rank = 124 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $4.808{{Ref label|population|a|}}<ref name="imf.org"/> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 125 | Gini = 34.5 <!-- number only --> | Gini_year = 2020 | Gini_change = decrease<!-- increase/decrease/steady --> | Gini_ref = {{Ref label|population|a|}}<ref name="wb-gini">{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=GE |title=GINI index (World Bank estimate) - Georgia |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=22 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720065529/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=GE |archive-date=20 July 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.802 <!-- number only --> | HDI_year = 2019 <!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!-- increase/decrease/steady --> | HDI_ref = {{Ref label|population|a|}}<ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2021/2022|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=8 September 2022|access-date=8 September 2022}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 63 |currency = [[Lari Georgia|Lari]] {{script/Unyin|(₾)}} |currency_code = GEL |time_zone = Waktu Standar Georgia (GET) |utc_offset = +4 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |drives_on = kanan |iso3166code = GE |cctld = [[.ge]] <br> [[.გე]] |calling_code = [[+995]] | official_website = {{URL|https://www.gov.ge}} |footnote1 = Pusat Pemerintahan berada di [[Kutaisi]] |footnotes = {{Tnavbar|Georgia infobox|plain=1}} }}<noinclude>[[Kaban:Templat kotak info negara|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Kaban:Templat Georgia|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> mddeyvw5ei4rnx8dzpa4nnm21pbiw6g 38219 38215 2026-06-21T08:24:41Z Àncilu 1583 [[Usus:LintErrors/stripped-tag]] 38219 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox_Country |conventional_long_name = Georgia |native_name = საქართველო{{br}}''Sakartvelo'' {{small|([[Bahasa Georgia|Georgia]])}} |common_name = Georgia |image_flag = Flag of Georgia.svg |image_coat = Greater coat of arms of Georgia.svg |coa_size = 100px |image_map = {{Switcher|[[File:Georgia (orthographic projection with inset).svg|frameless]]|Perlihatkan Bumi|[[File:EU-Georgia.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Perlihatkan peta Eropa|[[File:Flag-map of Georgia.svg|frameless]]|Perlihatkan peta Bendera|default=1}} | map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=hijau gelap |region=Eropa |region_color=abu-abu |subregion=[[UE]] |subregion_color=hijau}} | map_width = 250px |image_map2 = Georgia — Location Map (2013) - GEO - UNOCHA.svg |national_motto = {{script/Unyin|ძალა ერთობაშია}}{{br}} ''Dzala ertobashia''{{br}}([[Bahasa Georgia|Georgia]]: "Kakuwatan Ngaliyu'i Pasatuan") |national_anthem = {{br}}{{script/Unyin|თავისუფლება}}{{br}}''[[Tavisupleba]]'' <br> {{small|([[Basa Kumoring|Kumoring]]: "Kabibasan")}} <br> {{Centre|[[File:Georgian national anthem.oga]]}} |official_languages = [[Bahasa Georgia|Georgia]] |capital = [[Tbilisi]]^¹ |coordinates = {{Coord|41|43|N|44|47|E|type:City}} |largest_city = capital |government_type = [[Nagara kasatuan|Kasatuan]] [[Sistem parlementer|parlementer]] [[republik]] [[konstitusional]] |leader_title1 = [[Presiden Georgia|Presiden]] |leader_title2 = [[Pardano Mantori Georgia|Pardano Mantori]] |leader_title3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name1 = [[Salome Zurabishvili]] |leader_name2 = [[Irakli Kobakhidze]] |leader_name3 = |leader_name4 = |legislature = {{script/Unyin|პარლამენტი}}{{br}}''[[Parlemen Georgia|P'arlament'i]]'' |sovereignty_type = Pambontukan |established_event1 = [[Karajoan Diaokhi]] |established_date1 = Abad ka-12 - 8 SM |established_event2 = [[Colchis]] |established_date2 = Abad ka-13 - 164 SM |established_event3 = [[Karajoan Iberia]] |established_date3 = 302 SM |established_event4 = [[Kapangiranan Iberia]] |established_date4 = 580 M |established_event5 = [[Karajoan Georgia]] |established_date5 = 1008 |established_event6 = Kabibasan jak [[Kakaisaran Rusia]] |established_date6 = 12 September 1801 |established_event7 = [[Republik Demokratik Georgia]] <br> (Harani Nasional) |established_date7 = 26 May 1918 |established_event8 = [[Invasi Tantora Siyaw guk Georgia|Pandudukan luwot bak Soviet]] |established_date8 = 25 Fabuwari 1921 |established_event9 = Kabibasan jak [[Uni Soviet]] |established_date9 = 9 April 1991 |established_event10 = Konstitusi ganta sa |established_date10 = 24 Agustus 1995 |area_rank = 120 |area_km2 = 69420 |percent_water = dapok tiilingko | population_census = {{Decrease}} 4.813.804{{efn|Di [[Pamarintah Republik Otonom Abkhazia|Republik Otonom Abkhazia]].<ref>{{citation |chapter=Article 8 |title=Constitution of Georgia|title-link=Constitution of Georgia (country)}}. In [[Abkhazian Autonomous Republic|Abkhazian AR]], also [[Abkhaz language|Abkhazian]].</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://parliament.ge/uploads/other/28/28803.pdf |title=Constitution of Georgia |website=Parliament of Georgia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210071629/http://parliament.ge/uploads/other/28/28803.pdf |archive-date=10 December 2017}}</ref>}}<ref name="2014 Census">{{cite web|url=http://census.ge/files/results/Census_release_ENG.pdf|title=2014 General Population Census Main Results General Information — National Statistics Office of Georgia|access-date=2022-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808154843/http://census.ge/files/results/Census_release_ENG.pdf|archive-date=8 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> | population_census_year = 2014 | population_estimate = {{Decrease}} 4.913.647{{Ref label|population|a|}}<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2022-05-07|title=Demographic Portal|url=https://www.geostat.ge/en/modules/categories/41/population}}</ref><br/> 4,012,104{{efn|Tidak termasuk [[Abkhazia]] dan [[Ossetia Selatan]], dua [[Daftar negara bagian dengan pengakuan terbatas|negara bagian yang diakui sebagian]] di bawah [[wilayah pendudukan Georgia|pendudukan Rusia]]. [[Pemerintah Georgia (negara)|Pemerintah Georgia]] menganggap kedua republik sebagai bagian integral dari negara tersebut, yang di [[Pengakuan internasional atas Abkhazia dan Ossetia Selatan|dukung oleh internasional]].}} | population_estimate_year = 2022 | population_estimate_rank = 126 | population_density_km2 = 57,6 | population_density_sq_mi = 149,1 | population_density_rank = 137 | GDP_PPP = {{nowrap|{{increase}} $61,58 miliar{{Ref label|population|a|}}<ref name="imf.org">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/October/weo-report?c=915,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2019&ey=2026&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2021 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=6 March 2022}}</ref>}} | GDP_PPP_year = 2021 | GDP_PPP_rank = 110 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $16.590{{Ref label|population|a|}}<ref name="imf.org"/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 83 | GDP_nominal = {{nowrap|{{increase}} $17,85 miliar}}{{Ref label|population|a|}}<ref name="imf.org"/> | GDP_nominal_year = 2021 | GDP_nominal_rank = 124 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $4.808{{Ref label|population|a|}}<ref name="imf.org"/> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 125 | Gini = 34.5 <!-- number only --> | Gini_year = 2020 | Gini_change = decrease<!-- increase/decrease/steady --> | Gini_ref = {{Ref label|population|a|}}<ref name="wb-gini">{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=GE |title=GINI index (World Bank estimate) - Georgia |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=22 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720065529/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=GE |archive-date=20 July 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.802 <!-- number only --> | HDI_year = 2019 <!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!-- increase/decrease/steady --> | HDI_ref = {{Ref label|population|a|}}<ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2021/2022|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=8 September 2022|access-date=8 September 2022}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 63 |currency = [[Lari Georgia|Lari]] {{script/Unyin|(₾)}} |currency_code = GEL |time_zone = Waktu Standar Georgia (GET) |utc_offset = +4 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |drives_on = kanan |iso3166code = GE |cctld = [[.ge]] <br> [[.გე]] |calling_code = [[+995]] | official_website = {{URL|https://www.gov.ge}} |footnote1 = Pusat Pemerintahan berada di [[Kutaisi]] |footnotes = {{Tnavbar|Georgia infobox|plain=1}} }}<noinclude>[[Kaban:Templat kotak info negara|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Kaban:Templat Georgia|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> rf1e89qfi0aqntb3bct0t6spc6s4ccp 10 4966 38216 36663 2026-06-21T08:20:06Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Tanda yang menutup sendiri 38216 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Republik Demokratik Federal Ethiopia | native_name = {{Infobox |subbox=yes |bodystyle=font-size:76%;font-weight:normal; | rowclass1 = mergedrow |label1=[[Basa Amharik|Amharik]]: |data1={{lang|Am|የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ}} <br> ''ye-Ītyōṗṗyā Fēdēralāwī Dīmōkrāsīyāwī Rīpeblīk'' | rowclass2 = mergedrow |label2=[[Basa Afar|Afar]]: |data2={{lang|Af|Ityoppiah Federalih Demokrasih Ummuno}} | rowclass3 = mergedrow |label3=[[Basa Oromo|Oromo]]: |data3={{lang|Or|Rippabliikii Federaalawaa Dimokraatawaa Itiyoophiyaa}} | rowclass4 = mergedrow |label4=[[Basa Somali|Somali]]: |data4={{lang|So|Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Federaalka Itoobiya}} | rowclass5 = mergedrow |label5=[[Basa Tigrinya|Tigrinya]]: |data5={{lang|Ti|ናይኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ}} <br> ''Nay-Ítiyop'iya Fēdēralawī Dēmokirasīyawī Rīpebilīki'' }} | common_name = Ethiopia | image_flag = Flag of Ethiopia.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Ethiopia.svg | symbol_type = [[Lambang Ethiopia|Lambang]] | image_map = {{Switcher|[[File:Ethiopia (Africa orthographic projection).svg|frameless]]|Perlihatkan Bumi|[[File:Location Ethiopia AU Africa.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Perlihatkan peta Afrika|[[File:Flag map of Ethiopia.svg|frameless]]|Perlihatkan peta Bendera|default=1}} | map_caption = {{map caption |countryprefix= |location_color=hujaw tuha |region=Afrika |region_color=kalabu tuha |subregion=[[Uni Afrika]] |subregion_color=biru ngura}} | image_map2 = Ethiopia - Location Map (2013) - ETH - UNOCHA.svg | national_motto = — | national_anthem = <br> {{script/Unyin|ወደፊት ገስግሺ ውድ እናት ኢትዮጵያ}} <br> ''[[Wodefit Gesgeshi, Widd Innat Ityopp'ya]]'' <br> {{small|("Maju guk mukak, Indok Partiwi Ethiopia")}} <br />{{Centre|[[File:Wedefit Gesgeshi Widd Innat Ittyoppya.ogg]]}}</div> | official_languages = {{hlist|[[Basa Amharik|Amharik]] |[[Basa Afar|Afar]] |[[Basa Oromo|Oromo]] |[[Basa Somali|Somali]] |[[Basa Tigrinya|Tigrinya]]}}<ref name=Constitution>{{cite web|title=Article 5|url=http://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/et/et007en.pdf|work=Ethiopian Constitution|publisher=WIPO|accessdate=2 Juli 2015}}</ref> | capital = [[Addis Ababa]] | coordinates = {{Coord|9|1|N|38|44|E|type:City}} | largest_city = capital | government_type = [[Federalisme|Federal]] [[Sistem parlementer|parlementer]] [[republik]] [[konstitusional]] | leader_title1 = [[Daftar Presiden Ethiopia|Presiden]] | leader_name1 = [[Taye Atske Selassie]] | leader_title2 = [[Daftar Pardano Mantori Ethiopia|Pardano Mantori]] | leader_name2 = [[Abiy Ahmed]] | legislature = [[Majelis Parlementer Federal]] | upper_house = {{script/Unyin|የፌዴሬሽን ምክር ቤት}}<br>''[[Dewan Federasi|Yefedereshn Mekir Bet]]'' | lower_house = {{script/Unyin|የሕዝብ ተወካዮች ምክር ቤት}}<br>''[[Dewan Pawakilan Rakyat (Ethiopia)|Yehizbtewekayoch Mekir Bet]]'' | sovereignty_type = Pambontukan | established_event1 = [[Dʿmt]] | established_date1 = sakitar 980 SM | established_event2 = [[Karajoan Aksum]] | established_date2 = sakitar 100 M | established_event3 = [[Kakaisaran Ethiopia]] | established_date3 = 1137 | established_event4 = [[Derg]] | established_date4 = 12 September 1974 | established_event5 = [[Republik Demokratik Rakyat Ethiopia]] | established_date5 = 22 Fabuwari 1987 | established_event6 = Konstitusi ganta sa | established_date6 = 21 Agustus 1995 | area_rank = 27 | area_magnitude = 1 E12 | area_km2 = 1104300 | area_sq_mi = | percent_water = 0,7 | population_estimate = 113.656.596<ref>{{Cite web|title=Explore all countries–Ethiopia|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/ethiopia/|website=World Fact Book|access-date=24 Oktober 2022}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2022 | population_estimate_rank = 13 | population_census = 73.750.932<ref name=2007Census>{{cite web |title=Country Level |url=http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php/census-report/census-tables/category/301-census-tables?download=655:countrylevel |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190208061518/http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php/census-report/census-tables/category/301-census-tables?download=655:countrylevel |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 February 2019 |work=2007 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia |publisher=[[Central Statistical Agency (Ethiopia)|CSA]] |date=13 July 2010 |access-date=18 January 2013}}</ref> | population_census_year = 2007 | population_density_km2 = 92,7 | population_density_sq_mi = 240,1 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> | population_density_rank = 123 | GDP_PPP = $393,847&nbsp;miliar<ref name="IMF">{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/April/weo-report?c=644,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2021&ey=2023&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1|title=The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia|publisher=[[IMF]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=21 April 2023}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2023 | GDP_PPP_rank = 56 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $3.724<ref name="IMF"/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $156,083 miliar<ref name="IMF"/> | GDP_nominal_year = 2023 | GDP_nominal_rank = 65 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1.475<ref name="IMF"/> | Gini = 35.0 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2015 | Gini_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="wb-gini">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison/ |title=Gini Index coefficient |publisher=CIA World Factbook |access-date=16 July 2021}}</ref> | HDI = 0.498 <!-- number only --> | HDI_year = 2021<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year --> | HDI_change = increase <!-- increase/decrease/steady --> | HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI2023">{{cite web|title=Ethiopia|date=|publisher=Global Data Lab|url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/ETH/|access-date=21 April 2023}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 173 | currency = [[Birr Ethiopia|Birr]] ({{script/Unyin|ብር}}) | currency_code = ETB | time_zone = [[Waktu Afrika Timur|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | time_zone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | drives_on = kanan | iso3166code = ET | cctld = [[.et]] | calling_code = [[+251]] | footnotes={{Tnavbar|Ethiopia infobox|plain=1}} }}<noinclude>[[Kaban:Templat kotak info negara|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Kaban:Templat Ethiopia|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> n7uafsass35w74fn5qdtqaolg6wsa73 38220 38216 2026-06-21T08:25:07Z Àncilu 1583 [[Usus:LintErrors/stripped-tag]] 38220 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Republik Demokratik Federal Ethiopia | native_name = {{Infobox |subbox=yes |bodystyle=font-size:76%;font-weight:normal; | rowclass1 = mergedrow |label1=[[Basa Amharik|Amharik]]: |data1={{lang|Am|የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ}} <br> ''ye-Ītyōṗṗyā Fēdēralāwī Dīmōkrāsīyāwī Rīpeblīk'' | rowclass2 = mergedrow |label2=[[Basa Afar|Afar]]: |data2={{lang|Af|Ityoppiah Federalih Demokrasih Ummuno}} | rowclass3 = mergedrow |label3=[[Basa Oromo|Oromo]]: |data3={{lang|Or|Rippabliikii Federaalawaa Dimokraatawaa Itiyoophiyaa}} | rowclass4 = mergedrow |label4=[[Basa Somali|Somali]]: |data4={{lang|So|Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Federaalka Itoobiya}} | rowclass5 = mergedrow |label5=[[Basa Tigrinya|Tigrinya]]: |data5={{lang|Ti|ናይኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ}} <br> ''Nay-Ítiyop'iya Fēdēralawī Dēmokirasīyawī Rīpebilīki'' }} | common_name = Ethiopia | image_flag = Flag of Ethiopia.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Ethiopia.svg | symbol_type = [[Lambang Ethiopia|Lambang]] | image_map = {{Switcher|[[File:Ethiopia (Africa orthographic projection).svg|frameless]]|Perlihatkan Bumi|[[File:Location Ethiopia AU Africa.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Perlihatkan peta Afrika|[[File:Flag map of Ethiopia.svg|frameless]]|Perlihatkan peta Bendera|default=1}} | map_caption = {{map caption |countryprefix= |location_color=hujaw tuha |region=Afrika |region_color=kalabu tuha |subregion=[[Uni Afrika]] |subregion_color=biru ngura}} | image_map2 = Ethiopia - Location Map (2013) - ETH - UNOCHA.svg | national_motto = — | national_anthem = <br> {{script/Unyin|ወደፊት ገስግሺ ውድ እናት ኢትዮጵያ}} <br> ''[[Wodefit Gesgeshi, Widd Innat Ityopp'ya]]'' <br> {{small|("Maju guk mukak, Indok Partiwi Ethiopia")}} <br />{{Centre|[[File:Wedefit Gesgeshi Widd Innat Ittyoppya.ogg]]}} | official_languages = {{hlist|[[Basa Amharik|Amharik]] |[[Basa Afar|Afar]] |[[Basa Oromo|Oromo]] |[[Basa Somali|Somali]] |[[Basa Tigrinya|Tigrinya]]}}<ref name=Constitution>{{cite web|title=Article 5|url=http://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/et/et007en.pdf|work=Ethiopian Constitution|publisher=WIPO|accessdate=2 Juli 2015}}</ref> | capital = [[Addis Ababa]] | coordinates = {{Coord|9|1|N|38|44|E|type:City}} | largest_city = capital | government_type = [[Federalisme|Federal]] [[Sistem parlementer|parlementer]] [[republik]] [[konstitusional]] | leader_title1 = [[Daftar Presiden Ethiopia|Presiden]] | leader_name1 = [[Taye Atske Selassie]] | leader_title2 = [[Daftar Pardano Mantori Ethiopia|Pardano Mantori]] | leader_name2 = [[Abiy Ahmed]] | legislature = [[Majelis Parlementer Federal]] | upper_house = {{script/Unyin|የፌዴሬሽን ምክር ቤት}}<br>''[[Dewan Federasi|Yefedereshn Mekir Bet]]'' | lower_house = {{script/Unyin|የሕዝብ ተወካዮች ምክር ቤት}}<br>''[[Dewan Pawakilan Rakyat (Ethiopia)|Yehizbtewekayoch Mekir Bet]]'' | sovereignty_type = Pambontukan | established_event1 = [[Dʿmt]] | established_date1 = sakitar 980 SM | established_event2 = [[Karajoan Aksum]] | established_date2 = sakitar 100 M | established_event3 = [[Kakaisaran Ethiopia]] | established_date3 = 1137 | established_event4 = [[Derg]] | established_date4 = 12 September 1974 | established_event5 = [[Republik Demokratik Rakyat Ethiopia]] | established_date5 = 22 Fabuwari 1987 | established_event6 = Konstitusi ganta sa | established_date6 = 21 Agustus 1995 | area_rank = 27 | area_magnitude = 1 E12 | area_km2 = 1104300 | area_sq_mi = | percent_water = 0,7 | population_estimate = 113.656.596<ref>{{Cite web|title=Explore all countries–Ethiopia|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/ethiopia/|website=World Fact Book|access-date=24 Oktober 2022}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2022 | population_estimate_rank = 13 | population_census = 73.750.932<ref name=2007Census>{{cite web |title=Country Level |url=http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php/census-report/census-tables/category/301-census-tables?download=655:countrylevel |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190208061518/http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php/census-report/census-tables/category/301-census-tables?download=655:countrylevel |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 February 2019 |work=2007 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia |publisher=[[Central Statistical Agency (Ethiopia)|CSA]] |date=13 July 2010 |access-date=18 January 2013}}</ref> | population_census_year = 2007 | population_density_km2 = 92,7 | population_density_sq_mi = 240,1 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> | population_density_rank = 123 | GDP_PPP = $393,847&nbsp;miliar<ref name="IMF">{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/April/weo-report?c=644,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2021&ey=2023&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1|title=The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia|publisher=[[IMF]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=21 April 2023}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2023 | GDP_PPP_rank = 56 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $3.724<ref name="IMF"/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $156,083 miliar<ref name="IMF"/> | GDP_nominal_year = 2023 | GDP_nominal_rank = 65 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1.475<ref name="IMF"/> | Gini = 35.0 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2015 | Gini_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="wb-gini">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison/ |title=Gini Index coefficient |publisher=CIA World Factbook |access-date=16 July 2021}}</ref> | HDI = 0.498 <!-- number only --> | HDI_year = 2021<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year --> | HDI_change = increase <!-- increase/decrease/steady --> | HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI2023">{{cite web|title=Ethiopia|date=|publisher=Global Data Lab|url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/ETH/|access-date=21 April 2023}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 173 | currency = [[Birr Ethiopia|Birr]] ({{script/Unyin|ብር}}) | currency_code = ETB | time_zone = [[Waktu Afrika Timur|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | time_zone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | drives_on = kanan | iso3166code = ET | cctld = [[.et]] | calling_code = [[+251]] | footnotes={{Tnavbar|Ethiopia infobox|plain=1}} }}<noinclude>[[Kaban:Templat kotak info negara|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Kaban:Templat Ethiopia|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> tut6p7r2vwipi9g7wck0uk0ma45b3g0 10 4974 38158 37507 2026-06-20T20:01:03Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Opsi berkas bogus 38158 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country |native_name = {{Infobox |subbox=yes |bodystyle=font-size:76%;font-weight:normal; | rowclass1 = mergedrow |label1= [[Basa Jerman|Jerman]]: |data1= {{lang|de|Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft}} | rowclass2 = mergedrow |label2= [[Basa Italia|Italia]]: |data2= {{lang|it|Confederazione Svizzera}} | rowclass3 = mergedrow |label3= [[Basa Latin|Latin]]: |data3= {{lang|la|Confoederatio Helvetica}} | rowclass4 = mergedrow |label4= [[Bahasa Prancis|Prancis]]: |data4= {{lang|fr|Confédération suisse}} | rowclass5 = mergedrow |label5= [[Basa Romansh|Romansh]]: |data5= {{lang|rma|Confederaziun svizra}} }} |conventional_long_name = Konfederasi Swiss |common_name = Swiss |image_flag = Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg{{!}}95px |image_coat = Coat of Arms of Switzerland (Pantone).svg |symbol_type = [[Lambang Swiss|Lambang]] |image_map = {{Switcher|[[File:Switzerland (orthographic projection).svg|frameless]]|Perlihatkan Bumi|[[File:Europe-Switzerland.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Perlihatkan peta Eropa<!-- Jangan diganti/hapus peta Swiss di Eropa tanpa diskusi di halaman pembicaraan (Jangan iseng/jahil ketiknya) -->|[[File:Flag-map of Switzerland.svg|frameless]]|Perlihatkan peta Bendera|default=1}} | map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=hujaw manom |region=Eropa |region_color=kalabu}} | map_width = 250px<!-- Jangan diganti/hapus tanpa diskusi di halaman pembicaraan (Jangan iseng/jahil ketiknya) --> |image_map2 = Switzerland - Location Map (2013) - CHE - UNOCHA.svg |national_motto = {{script/Unyin|Unus pro omnibus, Omnes pro uno}} <br> ([[Basa Latin|Latin]]: "Osay untuk kaunyinna, Kaunyinna untuk osay") |national_anthem = <br> [[Mazmur Swiss|Schweizerpsalm]] <br> {{small|([[Basa Kumoring|Kumoring]]: "Himne Nasional Swiss")}} <br> {{Centre|[[Bondol:Swiss Psalm.ogg]]}}</div> |official_languages = {{hlist|[[Bahasa Jerman|Jerman]]|[[Basa Italia|Italia]]|[[Basa Latin|Latin]]|[[Bahasa Prancis|Prancis]]}} |recognised_national_languages = [[Basa Romansh|Romansh]] |capital = [[Bern]] |coordinates = {{Coord|46|57|N|7|27|E|type:city}} |largest_city = [[Zürich]] <br> {{coord|47|22|N|8|33|E|display=inline}} |religion = * 65% [[Kristen]]<br> - 35,8% [[Katolik Roma]]<br> - 23,8% [[Garija Reformasi Swiss]]<br> - 5,9% Kristen barihna * 26,3% [[Mak buagama]] * 5,3% [[Islam]] * 1,6% Barihna * 1,3% Mak tikapanday |government_type = [[Federasi|Federal]] [[Sistem direktorial|direktorial]] [[Demokrasi semi-langsung|demokrasi semi-langsung]] [[republik]] [[konstitusional]] |leader_title1 = [[Presiden Konfederasi Swiss|Presiden]] |leader_title2 = [[Wakil Presiden Konfederasi Swiss|Wakil Presiden]] |leader_title3 = [[Dewan Federal Swiss|Dewan Federal]] |leader_title4 = [[Kanselir Federal Swiss|Kanselir Federal]] |leader_name1 = [[Alain Berset]] |leader_name2 = [[Viola Amherd]] |leader_name3 = {{unbulleted list | [[Guy Parmelin]] | [[Ignazio Cassis]] | [[Karin Keller-Sutter]] | [[Albert Rösti]] | [[Élisabeth Baume-Schneider]] }} |leader_name4 = [[Walter Thurnherr]] |legislature = [[Majelis Federal Swiss|Majelis Federal]] |upper_house = [[Dewan Negara Swiss|Ständerat]] |lower_house = [[Dewan Nasional Swiss|Nationalrat]] |sovereignty_type = Pambontukan |established_event1 = Tanggal pambontukan |established_date1 = 1 Agustus 1291 |established_event2 = [[Parjanjian Basel (1499)]] |established_date2 = 22 September 1499 |established_event3 = [[Pardamayan Westfalen]] |established_date3 = 24 Oktober 1648 |established_event4 = Pangulohan |established_date4 = 7 Agustus 1815 |established_event5 = Tibontukna [[Federal|Nagara Federal]] |established_date5 = 12 September 1848 |established_event6 = Konstitusi ganta sa |established_date6 = 18 April 1999 |area_km2 = 41.285 |area_rank = 135 |area_magnitude = |percent_water = 4,2 | population_estimate = {{Increase}} {{formatnum:8636896}}<ref name="population">{{Cite web |date=25 August 2022 |title=Popolazione della Confederazione Svizzera|url=https://datacommons.org/place/country/CHE?utm_medium=explore&mprop=count&popt=Person&hl=en |archive-date=25 August 2022 |access-date=25 August 2022 |publisher=DataCommons.org}}</ref> | population_census = 8.327.126<ref name="PopCensus">{{Cite report |url=https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/en/home/statistics/population.assetdetail.1401565.html |title=Switzerland's population 2015 |date=22 November 2016 |publisher=Swiss Federal Statistical Office (FSO), Swiss Confederation |issue=1 Population |location=Neuchâtel, Switzerland |access-date=7 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220075134/https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/en/home/statistics/population.assetdetail.1401565.html |archive-date=20 December 2016 |format=PDF |editor=Jacqueline Kucera |editor2=Athena Krummenacher |series=Swiss Statistics |type=official report |url-status=live}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2020 | population_estimate_rank = 99 | population_census_year = 2015 | population_density_km2 = {{#expr: 8555541/41285 round 0}} | population_density_rank = 48 | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $739,49&nbsp;miliar<ref name="IMFWEOCH">{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2022 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/October/weo-report?c=512,914,612,171,614,311,213,911,314,193,122,912,313,419,513,316,913,124,339,638,514,218,963,616,223,516,918,748,618,624,522,622,156,626,628,228,924,233,632,636,634,238,662,960,423,935,128,611,321,243,248,469,253,642,643,939,734,644,819,172,132,646,648,915,134,652,174,328,258,656,654,336,263,268,532,944,176,534,536,429,433,178,436,136,343,158,439,916,664,826,542,967,443,917,544,941,446,666,668,672,946,137,546,674,676,548,556,678,181,867,682,684,273,868,921,948,943,686,688,518,728,836,558,138,196,278,692,694,962,142,449,564,565,283,853,288,293,566,964,182,359,453,968,922,714,862,135,716,456,722,942,718,724,576,936,961,813,726,199,733,184,524,361,362,364,732,366,144,146,463,528,923,738,578,537,742,866,369,744,186,925,869,746,926,466,112,111,298,927,846,299,582,487,474,754,698,&s=NGDPDPC,&sy=2020&ey=2027&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |date=11 October 2022 |website=IMF.org |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|access-date=13 October 2022}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2022 | GDP_PPP_rank = 35 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $84.658 <ref name=IMFWEOCH /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 5 | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $841,69&nbsp;miliar<ref name=IMFWEOCH /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2022 | GDP_nominal_rank = 20 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $92.434<ref name=IMFWEOCH /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 7 | Gini = 29.7 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2018 | Gini_change = decrease <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=tessi190&plugin=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320064533/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=tessi190&plugin=1 |archive-date=20 March 2019 |access-date=20 October 2019 |website=ec.europa.eu |publisher=[[Eurostat]]}}</ref> | Gini_rank = 19 | HDI = 0.962 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2021<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2021/2022|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=8 September 2022|access-date=8 September 2022}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 1 |currency = [[Franc Swiss]] (SFr) |currency_code = CHF |time_zone = [[Waktu Eropa Tongah]] (CET) |utc_offset = +1 |time_zone_DST = [[Waktu Musim Panas Eropa Tongah]] (CEST) |utc_offset_DST = +2 |drives_on = kanan |iso3166code = CH |cctld = [[.ch]] <br> [[.swiss]] |calling_code = [[+41]] |footnote1 = Secara ''[[de jure]]'', [[Bern]] adalah "kota federal". namun secara ''[[de facto]]'', [[Bern]] adalah ibu kota negara. |footnotes = |nama=Swiss infobox }}<noinclude>[[Kaban:Templat kotak info negara|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Kaban:Templat Swiss|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> p0jxfsr9vei6n4gfa66247r69rxq60m 38223 38158 2026-06-21T08:29:00Z Àncilu 1583 [[Usus:LintErrors/stripped-tag]] 38223 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country |native_name = {{Infobox |subbox=yes |bodystyle=font-size:76%;font-weight:normal; | rowclass1 = mergedrow |label1= [[Basa Jerman|Jerman]]: |data1= {{lang|de|Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft}} | rowclass2 = mergedrow |label2= [[Basa Italia|Italia]]: |data2= {{lang|it|Confederazione Svizzera}} | rowclass3 = mergedrow |label3= [[Basa Latin|Latin]]: |data3= {{lang|la|Confoederatio Helvetica}} | rowclass4 = mergedrow |label4= [[Bahasa Prancis|Prancis]]: |data4= {{lang|fr|Confédération suisse}} | rowclass5 = mergedrow |label5= [[Basa Romansh|Romansh]]: |data5= {{lang|rma|Confederaziun svizra}} }} |conventional_long_name = Konfederasi Swiss |common_name = Swiss |image_flag = Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg{{!}}95px |image_coat = Coat of Arms of Switzerland (Pantone).svg |symbol_type = [[Lambang Swiss|Lambang]] |image_map = {{Switcher|[[File:Switzerland (orthographic projection).svg|frameless]]|Perlihatkan Bumi|[[File:Europe-Switzerland.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Perlihatkan peta Eropa<!-- Jangan diganti/hapus peta Swiss di Eropa tanpa diskusi di halaman pembicaraan (Jangan iseng/jahil ketiknya) -->|[[File:Flag-map of Switzerland.svg|frameless]]|Perlihatkan peta Bendera|default=1}} | map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=hujaw manom |region=Eropa |region_color=kalabu}} | map_width = 250px<!-- Jangan diganti/hapus tanpa diskusi di halaman pembicaraan (Jangan iseng/jahil ketiknya) --> |image_map2 = Switzerland - Location Map (2013) - CHE - UNOCHA.svg |national_motto = {{script/Unyin|Unus pro omnibus, Omnes pro uno}} <br> ([[Basa Latin|Latin]]: "Osay untuk kaunyinna, Kaunyinna untuk osay") |national_anthem = <br> [[Mazmur Swiss|Schweizerpsalm]] <br> {{small|([[Basa Kumoring|Kumoring]]: "Himne Nasional Swiss")}} <br> {{Centre|[[Bondol:Swiss Psalm.ogg]]}} |official_languages = {{hlist|[[Bahasa Jerman|Jerman]]|[[Basa Italia|Italia]]|[[Basa Latin|Latin]]|[[Bahasa Prancis|Prancis]]}} |recognised_national_languages = [[Basa Romansh|Romansh]] |capital = [[Bern]] |coordinates = {{Coord|46|57|N|7|27|E|type:city}} |largest_city = [[Zürich]] <br> {{coord|47|22|N|8|33|E|display=inline}} |religion = * 65% [[Kristen]]<br> - 35,8% [[Katolik Roma]]<br> - 23,8% [[Garija Reformasi Swiss]]<br> - 5,9% Kristen barihna * 26,3% [[Mak buagama]] * 5,3% [[Islam]] * 1,6% Barihna * 1,3% Mak tikapanday |government_type = [[Federasi|Federal]] [[Sistem direktorial|direktorial]] [[Demokrasi semi-langsung|demokrasi semi-langsung]] [[republik]] [[konstitusional]] |leader_title1 = [[Presiden Konfederasi Swiss|Presiden]] |leader_title2 = [[Wakil Presiden Konfederasi Swiss|Wakil Presiden]] |leader_title3 = [[Dewan Federal Swiss|Dewan Federal]] |leader_title4 = [[Kanselir Federal Swiss|Kanselir Federal]] |leader_name1 = [[Alain Berset]] |leader_name2 = [[Viola Amherd]] |leader_name3 = {{unbulleted list | [[Guy Parmelin]] | [[Ignazio Cassis]] | [[Karin Keller-Sutter]] | [[Albert Rösti]] | [[Élisabeth Baume-Schneider]] }} |leader_name4 = [[Walter Thurnherr]] |legislature = [[Majelis Federal Swiss|Majelis Federal]] |upper_house = [[Dewan Negara Swiss|Ständerat]] |lower_house = [[Dewan Nasional Swiss|Nationalrat]] |sovereignty_type = Pambontukan |established_event1 = Tanggal pambontukan |established_date1 = 1 Agustus 1291 |established_event2 = [[Parjanjian Basel (1499)]] |established_date2 = 22 September 1499 |established_event3 = [[Pardamayan Westfalen]] |established_date3 = 24 Oktober 1648 |established_event4 = Pangulohan |established_date4 = 7 Agustus 1815 |established_event5 = Tibontukna [[Federal|Nagara Federal]] |established_date5 = 12 September 1848 |established_event6 = Konstitusi ganta sa |established_date6 = 18 April 1999 |area_km2 = 41.285 |area_rank = 135 |area_magnitude = |percent_water = 4,2 | population_estimate = {{Increase}} {{formatnum:8636896}}<ref name="population">{{Cite web |date=25 August 2022 |title=Popolazione della Confederazione Svizzera|url=https://datacommons.org/place/country/CHE?utm_medium=explore&mprop=count&popt=Person&hl=en |archive-date=25 August 2022 |access-date=25 August 2022 |publisher=DataCommons.org}}</ref> | population_census = 8.327.126<ref name="PopCensus">{{Cite report |url=https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/en/home/statistics/population.assetdetail.1401565.html |title=Switzerland's population 2015 |date=22 November 2016 |publisher=Swiss Federal Statistical Office (FSO), Swiss Confederation |issue=1 Population |location=Neuchâtel, Switzerland |access-date=7 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220075134/https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/en/home/statistics/population.assetdetail.1401565.html |archive-date=20 December 2016 |format=PDF |editor=Jacqueline Kucera |editor2=Athena Krummenacher |series=Swiss Statistics |type=official report |url-status=live}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2020 | population_estimate_rank = 99 | population_census_year = 2015 | population_density_km2 = {{#expr: 8555541/41285 round 0}} | population_density_rank = 48 | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $739,49&nbsp;miliar<ref name="IMFWEOCH">{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2022 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/October/weo-report?c=512,914,612,171,614,311,213,911,314,193,122,912,313,419,513,316,913,124,339,638,514,218,963,616,223,516,918,748,618,624,522,622,156,626,628,228,924,233,632,636,634,238,662,960,423,935,128,611,321,243,248,469,253,642,643,939,734,644,819,172,132,646,648,915,134,652,174,328,258,656,654,336,263,268,532,944,176,534,536,429,433,178,436,136,343,158,439,916,664,826,542,967,443,917,544,941,446,666,668,672,946,137,546,674,676,548,556,678,181,867,682,684,273,868,921,948,943,686,688,518,728,836,558,138,196,278,692,694,962,142,449,564,565,283,853,288,293,566,964,182,359,453,968,922,714,862,135,716,456,722,942,718,724,576,936,961,813,726,199,733,184,524,361,362,364,732,366,144,146,463,528,923,738,578,537,742,866,369,744,186,925,869,746,926,466,112,111,298,927,846,299,582,487,474,754,698,&s=NGDPDPC,&sy=2020&ey=2027&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |date=11 October 2022 |website=IMF.org |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|access-date=13 October 2022}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2022 | GDP_PPP_rank = 35 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $84.658 <ref name=IMFWEOCH /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 5 | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $841,69&nbsp;miliar<ref name=IMFWEOCH /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2022 | GDP_nominal_rank = 20 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $92.434<ref name=IMFWEOCH /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 7 | Gini = 29.7 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2018 | Gini_change = decrease <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=tessi190&plugin=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320064533/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=tessi190&plugin=1 |archive-date=20 March 2019 |access-date=20 October 2019 |website=ec.europa.eu |publisher=[[Eurostat]]}}</ref> | Gini_rank = 19 | HDI = 0.962 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2021<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2021/2022|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=8 September 2022|access-date=8 September 2022}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 1 |currency = [[Franc Swiss]] (SFr) |currency_code = CHF |time_zone = [[Waktu Eropa Tongah]] (CET) |utc_offset = +1 |time_zone_DST = [[Waktu Musim Panas Eropa Tongah]] (CEST) |utc_offset_DST = +2 |drives_on = kanan |iso3166code = CH |cctld = [[.ch]] <br> [[.swiss]] |calling_code = [[+41]] |footnote1 = Secara ''[[de jure]]'', [[Bern]] adalah "kota federal". namun secara ''[[de facto]]'', [[Bern]] adalah ibu kota negara. |footnotes = |nama=Swiss infobox }}<noinclude>[[Kaban:Templat kotak info negara|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Kaban:Templat Swiss|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> c263kug35qmbf8sbtd8p2fcsyqobv63 0 5024 38162 34619 2026-06-20T20:05:55Z Àncilu 1583 [[Usus:LintErrors/misnested-tag]] 38162 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Bondol:The Tower of Babel Alexander Mikhalchyk.jpg|jmpl|300px|Gambar manara Babil]] '''Manara Babil''' ([[Bahasa Ibrani]]: {{script/Unyin|מגדל בבל ''Migdal Bavel''}}, [[Bahasa Arab]]: {{script/Unyin|برج بابل ''Burj Babil''}}) joda da narasi say timaksudko untuk ngajolasko alasan jolma-jolma di kaunyin duniya ngumung dilom basa say sumang-sumang.<ref name="Metzger2004">{{cite book|last1=Metzger|first1=Bruce Manning|last2=Coogan|first2=Michael D|title=The Oxford Guide To People And Places of the Bible|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=amlXOOaSuLMC|access-date=22 December 2012|year=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-517610-0|page=28}}</ref><ref name=Levenson>{{cite book |last= Levenson |first= Jon D. | editor1-last = Berlin | editor1-first = Adele | editor2-last = Brettler | editor2-first = Marc Zvi |title=The Jewish Study Bible |chapter=Genesis: Introduction and Annotations |date= 2004 |page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195297515/page/n60 29] |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn =9780195297515 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195297515 |url-access= registration |quote= The Jewish study Bible. }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Graves |first1=Robert |last2=Patai |first2=Raphael|date=1986 |title=Hebrew Myths: The Book of Genesis |publisher=Random House|page=315|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4sqWAwAAQBAJ&q=Hebrew+Myths:+The+Book+of+Genesis.+Random+House|isbn=9780795337154 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Schwartz |first1=Howard |last2=Loebel-Fried |first2=Caren |last3=Ginsburg |first3=Elliot K. |date=2007 |title=Tree of Souls: The Mythology of Judaism |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=704 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=60iVk1p8Y9IC&q=Tree+of+Souls+%3A+The+Mythology+of+Judaism%3A+The+Mythology+of+Judaism|isbn=9780195358704 }}</ref> Manara Babil joda da manara say tiparcayai bak [[Yahudi]], [[Nasrani]], rik [[Islam]] say jadi salah osay simbul kaangkuhan manusiya di zaman sina. Uwat lamon kisah say nuturko parihal manara hasa, tapi sumbor say paling tikonal joda da jak [[Taurat|Kitab Taurat]] ([[Yahudi]]) rik [[Injil]] ([[Nasrani]]), joda da dilom Kajadian 11:1–9. Nurut carita, umat manusiya saradu paristiwa [[Uway bah (Nuh)|uway bah Nuh]] say bih ngaduh samungkal basa lapah guk arah darah, joda da guk tanoh [[Syinar|Sinear]] {{script/Unyin|(שִׁנְעָר)}}, rik jama-jama sapakat untuk nogakko samungkal manara say tungguk langik. TUHAN say ngaliyak kaangkuhan manusiya ngacaubalauko basa tiyan rik naburko tiyan guk kaunyin panjuru bumi. Samungkal ruwa pakar modern ngahubungko Manara Babil hasa rik samungkal ruwa bokas rurubuhan manara say kok tikapanday, say paling populer joda da [[Etemenanki]], joda da [[ziggurat]] say tipakay sabagay pok muja diwa [[Mesopotamia]] [[Marduk]] di [[Babilon]]. Carita [[Sumeria]] say uwat kagoh-gohan rik kisah Manara Babil timuwak dilom ''[[Enmerkar rik Panguwaso Aratta]]''.<ref name="kramer">{{cite news |first=Samuel Noah |last=Kramer |title=The 'Babel of Tongues': A Sumerian Version |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |year=1968 |volume=88 |number=1 |pages=108–111}}</ref> == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} 1jvv5eaz26x8vuuzm5s7yf7fb2e7tvg 10 5039 38213 34650 2026-06-20T23:06:52Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Tanda HTML usang 38213 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="status bahasa/styles.css"/> {{#ifeq:{{{1|}}}|no|| {{#ifeq:{{{child|}}}|yes|<div style<nowiki>=</nowiki>"text-align: center;">|<div class="Infobox" style="float:right;margin-left:1em;{{#if:{{{width|}}}|max-width:{{{width|19.5em}}};|max-width:19.5em;}} background:#F8F9FB;border:1px solid #C8CBD0;padding:0.3em;">}} <div class="sk-container" style="justify-content: center;"> <div><span style="font-size:90%;"><div style<nowiki>=</nowiki>"text-align: center;">'''Punah'''</div><br></span> [[: Kaban:Bahasa yang telah punah|<div class="EX-hover tooltip" style="display:inline; height:{{#expr: {{{size|30}}} * 3 / 4}}px; width:{{#expr: {{{size|30}}} * 3 / 4}}px; line-height:100%; border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em; {{#ifeq:{{{1|}}}|EX|background:black;color:white}}">'''EX'''<span class="tooltiptext">Singkatan jak ''Extinct'' (Punah)</span></div>]]</div><div><span style="font-size:90%"><div style<nowiki>=</nowiki>"text-align: center;">'''Tiancam'''</div><br></span> <div style="border-top:2px solid black; border-radius:20%;display:inline;padding-top:1em"> <div class="CR-hover tooltip" style="height:{{#expr: {{{size|30}}} * 3 / 4}}px; width:{{#expr: {{{size|30}}} * 3 / 4}}px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;{{#ifeq:{{{1|}}}|CR|background:red}}">[[: Kaban:Bahasa-bahasa yang terancam kritis|'''CR''']]<span class="tooltiptext">Singkatan jak ''Critically endangered'' (Tiancam Kritis)</span></div> <div class="SE-hover tooltip" style="height:{{#expr: {{{size|30}}} * 3 / 4}}px; width:{{#expr: {{{size|30}}} * 3 / 4}}px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;{{#ifeq:{{{1|}}}|SE|background:orange}}">[[:Kaban:Bahasa-bahasa yang terancam berat|'''SE''']]<span class="tooltiptext">Singkatan jak ''Severely endangered'' (Tiancam biyak)</span></div> <div class="DE-hover tooltip" style="height:{{#expr: {{{size|30}}} * 3 / 4}}px; width:{{#expr: {{{size|30}}} * 3 / 4}}px; line-height:100%;display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;{{#ifeq:{{{1|}}}|DE|background:yellow}}">[[:Kaban:Bahasa-bahasa yang terancam punah|'''DE''']]<span class="tooltiptext">Singkatan jak ''Devinitely endangered'' (Tiancam)</span></div> <div class="VU-hover tooltip" style="height:{{#expr: {{{size|30}}} * 3 / 4}}px; width:{{#expr: {{{size|30}}} * 3 / 4}}px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;{{#ifeq:{{{1|}}}|VU|background:yellowgreen}}">[[:Kaban:Bahasa-bahasa yang rentan punah|'''VU''']]<span class="tooltiptext">Singkatan jak ''Vulnerable'' (Galang hati)</span></div> </div></div><div><span style="font-size:90%"><div style<nowiki>=</nowiki>"text-align: center;">'''Aman'''</div><br></span> <div class="NE-hover tooltip" style="height:{{#expr: {{{size|30}}} * 3 / 4}}px; width:{{#expr: {{{size|30}}} * 3 / 4}}px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;{{#ifeq:{{{1|}}}|NE|background:silver}}">'''NE'''<span class="tooltiptext">Singkatan jak ''Not Endangered'' (Mak tiancam)</span></div></div></div> <div style="text-align:left;font-size:90%;margin-top:0.4em; line-height:1.3">{{#switch:{{{1|}}} |NA=<!-- TAMPILAN "TIDAK TERSEDIA" --> {{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}} '''belum diklasifikasikan''' dalam tingkatan manapun pada ''[[Atlas Bahasa-Bahasa di Dunia yang Terancam Kepunahan]]''{{{cs_ref|{{{sk_ref|}}} }}} |EX=<!-- TAMPILAN "PUNAH" --><div style<nowiki>=</nowiki>"text-align: center;">{{small|[[Atlas Bahasa-Bahasa di Dunia yang Terancam Kepunahan|'''ICHEL ''Red Book''''']]: {{pranala|1=[https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/apr/15/language-extinct-endangered Extinct]}}}}</div> {{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}} diklasifikasikan sebagai bahasa yang telah '''punah''' ('''EX''') pada ''[[Atlas Bahasa-Bahasa di Dunia yang Terancam Kepunahan]]''{{{cs_ref|{{{sk_ref|}}} }}}{{Main other|[[Kaban:Bahasa yang telah punah]]}} |CR=<!-- TAMPILAN "KRITIS" --><div style<nowiki>=</nowiki>"text-align: center;">{{small|[[Atlas Bahasa-Bahasa di Dunia yang Terancam Kepunahan|'''ICHEL ''Red Book''''']]: {{pranala|1=[https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/apr/15/language-extinct-endangered Critically Endangered]}}}}</div> {{{name|{{PAGENAME}} }}} tiklasifikasiko sabagay basa '''tiancam kritis''' ('''CR''') di ''[[Atlas Bahasa-Bahasa di Dunia yang Terancam Kepunahan]]''{{{cs_ref|{{{sk_ref|}}} }}}{{Main other|[[Kaban:Bahasa-bahasa yang terancam kritis]]}} |SE=<!-- TAMPILAN "TERANCAM BERAT" --><div style<nowiki>=</nowiki>"text-align: center;">{{small|[[Atlas Bahasa-Bahasa di Dunia yang Terancam Kepunahan|'''ICHEL ''Red Book''''']]: {{pranala|1=[https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/apr/15/language-extinct-endangered Severely Endangered]}}}}</div>{{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}} tiklasifikasiko sabagay basa '''tiancam biyak''' ('''SE''') di ''[[Atlas Bahasa-Bahasa di Dunia yang Terancam Kepunahan]]''{{{cs_ref|{{{sk_ref|}}} }}}{{Main other|[[Kaban:Bahasa-bahasa yang terancam berat]]}} |DE=<!-- TAMPILAN "TERANCAM" --><div style<nowiki>=</nowiki>"text-align: center;">{{small|[[Atlas Bahasa-Bahasa di Dunia yang Terancam Kepunahan|'''ICHEL ''Red Book''''']]: {{pranala|1=[https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/apr/15/language-extinct-endangered Definitely Endangered]}}}}</div> {{{name|{{PAGENAME}} }}} tiklasifikasiko sabagay basa '''tiancam punah''' ('''DE''') di ''[[Atlas Bahasa-Bahasa di Dunia yang Terancam Kepunahan]]''{{{cs_ref|{{{sk_ref|}}} }}}</div>{{Main other|[[Kaban:Bahasa-bahasa yang terancam punah]]}} |VU=<!-- TAMPILAN "RENTAN" --><div style<nowiki>=</nowiki>"text-align: center;">{{small|[[Atlas Bahasa-Bahasa di Dunia yang Terancam Kepunahan|'''ICHEL ''Red Book''''']]: {{pranala|1=[https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/apr/15/language-extinct-endangered Vulnerable]}}}}</div> {{{name|{{PAGENAME}} }}} tiklasifikasiko sabagay basa '''galang hati''' ('''VU''') di ''[[Atlas Bahasa-Bahasa di Dunia yang Terancam Kepunahan]]''{{{cs_ref|{{{sk_ref|}}} }}}{{Main other|[[Kaban:Bahasa-bahasa yang rentan punah]]}} |NE=<!-- TAMPILAN "AMAN" --><div style<nowiki>=</nowiki>"text-align: center;">{{small|[[Atlas Bahasa-Bahasa di Dunia yang Terancam Kepunahan|'''ICHEL ''Red Book''''']]: {{pranala|1=[https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/apr/15/language-extinct-endangered Not Endangered]}}}}</div> {{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}} tiklasifikasiko sabagay basa '''aman''' atawa '''mak tiancam''' ('''NE''') di ''[[Atlas Bahasa-Bahasa di Dunia yang Terancam Kepunahan]]''{{{cs_ref|{{{sk_ref|}}} }}} |={{#if:{{{text|}}}{{{2|}}}|{{{text|{{{2|}}}}}}|{{maroon|'''Nilay paramitir {{para|1}} tiporluko: isi paramitir sina rik istilah dinggak atawa {{code|NA}} aman data mak ticawih'''}} }}}} {{#ifeq:{{{child|}}}|yes|</div>|</div>}} {{#if:{{#invoke:WikidataIB/sandbox|getValue|P1999|fetchwikidata=ALL|onlysourced=no| noicon = yes |linked=false}}|<span style="font-size:80%; line-height:0.3">{{EditOnWikidata|pid=P1999}}</span>}}</div>}} 9e3mhjsilqc8w0vhnw4qdshe8vy6bf9 0 5124 38163 35852 2026-06-20T20:07:53Z Àncilu 1583 [[Usus:LintErrors/misnested-tag]] 38163 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = Turki Anatolia Bahari | nativename = <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{nobold|{{lang|trk-Arab-TR|تُركجَ|rtl=yes}}}}</span> | image = OldTurkish.svg | states = [[Anatolia]] | era = Bukombang di Anatolia di akhir abad ka-11. Bukombang jadi [[Basa Turki Utsmaniyah]] Awal rik [[Basa Ajem-Turkik]] {{circa|abad ka-15}} | ref = linglist | familycolor = Altaic | fam1 = [[Rumpun basa Turkik|Turkik]] | fam2 = [[Rumpun basa Turkik Umum|Turkik Umum]] | fam3 = [[Rumpun basa Oghuz|Oghuz]] | script = [[Huruf Turki Utsmaniyah]] makay [[ḥarokāt]]<ref name=linglist/> | nation = | iso3 = | isoexception = sajarah | glotto = none | linglist = 1ca }} '''Basa Turki Anatolia Bahari'''<ref>Excerpt from [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/426768/Old-Anatolian-Turkish-language Britannica Entry] "..so-called Old Anatolian Turkish.."</ref> ({{lang|tr|Eski Anadolu Türkçesi}}) joda da tahap dilom sajarah [[basa Turki]] say tipakay di [[Anatolia]] jak abad ka-11 tungguk ka-15. Basa hasa bukombang jadi [[Basa Turki Utsmaniyah|basa Turki Usmani Awal]] rik titulis dilom [[Huruf Hijaiyah|Arab]]. Mak juk basa Turki Usmani raduna, [[Harokat|diyakritik vokal buntak]] tipakay.<ref>Ergin, Muharrem, Osmanlıca Dersleri, BOĞAZİÇİ YAYINLARI, {{ISBN|975-451-053-9}} {{Page needed|date=June 2011}}</ref> == Huruf == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Huruf !! Turki Modern !! Huruf !! Turki Modern |- | style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ا}}</span> || a, e, i || style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ص}}</span>|| s |- | style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ب}}</span> || b || style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ض}}</span>|| d |- | style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|پ}}</span>|| p || style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ط}}</span>|| t |- | style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ت}}</span>|| t || style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ظ}}</span>|| z |- | style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ث}}</span>|| s || style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ع}}</span>|| a |- | style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ج}}</span>|| c || style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|غ}}</span> || ğ, g |- | style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|چ}}</span>|| ç || style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ف}}</span>|| f |- | style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ح}}</span> || h || style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ق}}</span>|| k |- | style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|خ}}</span> || h || style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ك}}</span> || k |- | style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|د}}</span> || d || style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ل}}</span>|| l |- | style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ذ}}</span> || d, z || style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|م}}</span>|| m |- | style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ر}}</span>|| r || style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ن}}</span>|| n |- | style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ز}}</span> || z || style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|و}}</span>|| o, ö, u, ü, v |- | style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ژ}}</span>|| j || style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ه}}</span>|| h |- | style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|س}}</span>|| s || style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|لا}}</span>|| la, le |- | style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ش}}</span>|| ş || style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ى}}</span>|| i, y, ı |} ==== Ortografi ==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Turki Anatolia Bahari ! Turki Utsmaniyah<br/><small style="font-weight:normal">(Sabduwan Kamus-ı Türkî)</small> ! Turki Modern ! Kumoring |- | style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal;text-align:right;" | {{lang|trk-Arab-TR|گُزلٔر}} | style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal;text-align:right;" | {{lang|ota|كوزلر}} | {{lang|tr|gözler}} | Mata |- | style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal;text-align:right;" | {{lang|trk-Arab-TR|دَدَ‎}} | style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal;text-align:right;" | {{lang|ota|دده}} | {{lang|tr|dede}} | Akas |- | style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal;text-align:right;" | {{lang|trk-Arab-TR|كُچُك}} | style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal;text-align:right;" | {{lang|ota|كوچك}} | {{lang|tr|küçük}} | Ronik |} == Cuntuh Tulisan == *'''[[Huruf Hijaiyah|Arab]]''' <div dir=rtl> {{Quote|{{script/Arabic|شِمْدَنْ كِرُوٖ هیجْ کِمَسْنَه قَاپُودَه وَ دِیوَانْدَه وَ مَجَالِسْ وَ‌ سَیْرَانْدَه تُركِی دِلِنْدَنْ غَیْرِی دِلْ سُیویْلَمَیَا}}}} </div> *'''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Şimden girü hiç kimesne kapuda ve divanda ve mecalis ve seyranda Türki dilinden gayri dil söylemeye.''}}<ref>[http://www.karamankulturturizm.gov.tr/kulturMd/sayfaGoster.asp?id=302 Culture and Tourism Ministry Karaman page {{in lang|tr}}] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811182530/http://www.karamankulturturizm.gov.tr/kulturMd/sayfaGoster.asp?id=302 |date=August 11, 2014 }}</ref><ref>[[Selçukname|Tevârih-i Âl-i Selçuk]]</ref> *'''[[Basa Kumoring|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''Mulai ganta, makka osay pun di istana, di [[diwan (lambaga)]], diwan, rik di ranggaya-ranggaya bututur basa apiya pun silaw basa Turki.}}'' == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} jkxofeqeyj9qo1q4osygtrir4hfyjp5 38164 38163 2026-06-20T20:08:17Z Àncilu 1583 [[Usus:LintErrors/misnested-tag]] 38164 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = Turki Anatolia Bahari | nativename = <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{nobold|{{lang|trk-Arab-TR|تُركجَ|rtl=yes}}}}</span> | image = OldTurkish.svg | states = [[Anatolia]] | era = Bukombang di Anatolia di akhir abad ka-11. Bukombang jadi [[Basa Turki Utsmaniyah]] Awal rik [[Basa Ajem-Turkik]] {{circa|abad ka-15}} | ref = linglist | familycolor = Altaic | fam1 = [[Rumpun basa Turkik|Turkik]] | fam2 = [[Rumpun basa Turkik Umum|Turkik Umum]] | fam3 = [[Rumpun basa Oghuz|Oghuz]] | script = [[Huruf Turki Utsmaniyah]] makay [[ḥarokāt]]<ref name=linglist/> | nation = | iso3 = | isoexception = sajarah | glotto = none | linglist = 1ca }} '''Basa Turki Anatolia Bahari'''<ref>Excerpt from [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/426768/Old-Anatolian-Turkish-language Britannica Entry] "..so-called Old Anatolian Turkish.."</ref> ({{lang|tr|Eski Anadolu Türkçesi}}) joda da tahap dilom sajarah [[basa Turki]] say tipakay di [[Anatolia]] jak abad ka-11 tungguk ka-15. Basa hasa bukombang jadi [[Basa Turki Utsmaniyah|basa Turki Usmani Awal]] rik titulis dilom [[Huruf Hijaiyah|Arab]]. Mak juk basa Turki Usmani raduna, [[Harokat|diyakritik vokal buntak]] tipakay.<ref>Ergin, Muharrem, Osmanlıca Dersleri, BOĞAZİÇİ YAYINLARI, {{ISBN|975-451-053-9}} {{Page needed|date=June 2011}}</ref> == Huruf == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Huruf !! Turki Modern !! Huruf !! Turki Modern |- | style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ا}}</span> || a, e, i || style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ص}}</span>|| s |- | style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ب}}</span> || b || style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ض}}</span>|| d |- | style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|پ}}</span>|| p || style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ط}}</span>|| t |- | style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ت}}</span>|| t || style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ظ}}</span>|| z |- | style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ث}}</span>|| s || style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ع}}</span>|| a |- | style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ج}}</span>|| c || style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|غ}}</span> || ğ, g |- | style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|چ}}</span>|| ç || style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ف}}</span>|| f |- | style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ح}}</span> || h || style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ق}}</span>|| k |- | style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|خ}}</span> || h || style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ك}}</span> || k |- | style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|د}}</span> || d || style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ل}}</span>|| l |- | style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ذ}}</span> || d, z || style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|م}}</span>|| m |- | style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ر}}</span>|| r || style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ن}}</span>|| n |- | style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ز}}</span> || z || style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|و}}</span>|| o, ö, u, ü, v |- | style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ژ}}</span>|| j || style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ه}}</span>|| h |- | style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|س}}</span>|| s || style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|لا}}</span>|| la, le |- | style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ش}}</span>|| ş || style="text-align: right;" | <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal">{{Script/Arabic|ى}}</span>|| i, y, ı |} ==== Ortografi ==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Turki Anatolia Bahari ! Turki Utsmaniyah<br/><small style="font-weight:normal">(Sabduwan Kamus-ı Türkî)</small> ! Turki Modern ! Kumoring |- | style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal;text-align:right;" | {{lang|trk-Arab-TR|گُزلٔر}} | style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal;text-align:right;" | {{lang|ota|كوزلر}} | {{lang|tr|gözler}} | Mata |- | style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal;text-align:right;" | {{lang|trk-Arab-TR|دَدَ‎}} | style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal;text-align:right;" | {{lang|ota|دده}} | {{lang|tr|dede}} | Akas |- | style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal;text-align:right;" | {{lang|trk-Arab-TR|كُچُك}} | style="font-size:200%;line-height:normal;text-align:right;" | {{lang|ota|كوچك}} | {{lang|tr|küçük}} | Ronik |} == Cuntuh Tulisan == *'''[[Huruf Hijaiyah|Arab]]''' <div dir=rtl> {{Quote|{{script/Arabic|شِمْدَنْ كِرُوٖ هیجْ کِمَسْنَه قَاپُودَه وَ دِیوَانْدَه وَ مَجَالِسْ وَ‌ سَیْرَانْدَه تُركِی دِلِنْدَنْ غَیْرِی دِلْ سُیویْلَمَیَا}}}} </div> *'''[[Huruf Latin|Latin]]''' {{Quote|''Şimden girü hiç kimesne kapuda ve divanda ve mecalis ve seyranda Türki dilinden gayri dil söylemeye.''}}<ref>[http://www.karamankulturturizm.gov.tr/kulturMd/sayfaGoster.asp?id=302 Culture and Tourism Ministry Karaman page {{in lang|tr}}] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811182530/http://www.karamankulturturizm.gov.tr/kulturMd/sayfaGoster.asp?id=302 |date=August 11, 2014 }}</ref><ref>[[Selçukname|Tevârih-i Âl-i Selçuk]]</ref> *'''[[Basa Kumoring|Horti]]''' {{Quote|''Mulai ganta, makka osay pun di istana, di [[diwan (lambaga)]], diwan, rik di ranggaya-ranggaya bututur basa apiya pun silaw basa Turki.''}} == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} 7w22eds2fyj75shuk8ozok6niiezrjz 10 5324 38211 36237 2026-06-20T22:59:39Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Tanda HTML usang 38211 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox_Country | native_name = {{collapsible list |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:center;line-height:normal;font-size:85%; |title = {{resize|1.0 em|République du Mali {{small|([[Basa Parancis|Prancis]])}}}} | {{Infobox | subbox=yes | bodystyle=font-size:77%;font-weight:normal; | rowclass1 = mergedrow | label1 = [[Basa Bambara|Bambara]]: | data1 = {{lang|bm|Mali ka Fasojamana{{br}}ߡߊ߬ߟߌ ߞߊ ߝߊߛߏߖߊߡߊߣߊ<ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/NkoOfficiel |title=Académie N'Ko Mali ߡߊ߰ߟߌ ߒߞߏ ߟߏ߲ߞߏ߫ ߘߎ߲ߓߎ |website=Twitter.com |author=Académie N’Ko Mali |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514112858/https://twitter.com/NkoOfficiel|archive-date=14 May 2022 |access-date=14 May 2024 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}} | rowclass2 = mergedrow | label3 = [[Basa Arab Hassaniyah|Hassaniyah]]: | data3 = {{lang|mey|جُمْهُورِيَّةْ مَالِي {{br}}{{lang|mey-Latn|Jumhūriyet Māli}}}} | label2 = [[Basa Fula|Fula]]: | data2 = {{lang|ff|Republik bu Maali {{br}} 𞤈𞤫𞤨𞤵𞤦𞤤𞤭𞤳 𞤦𞤵 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭}} | rowclass3 = mergedrow | rowclass4 = mergedrow | label4 = [[Basa Soninke|Soninke]]: | data4 = {{lang|snk|Mali Tɔgɔbadugu}} | rowclass5 = mergedrow | label5 = [[Basa Tamasheq|Tamasheq]]: | data5 = {{lang|taq-Latn|Tagduda n Mali}} {{br}} {{lang|taq|ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵍⵉ}} | label6 = [[Basa Songhai|Songhai]]: | data6 = {{lang|ses-Latn|Mali Laamaa}}}}}} | conventional_long_name= Republik Mali | common_name = Mali | image_flag = Flag of Mali.svg | image_coat = Seal of Mali.svg | image_map = {{Switcher|[[File:Mali (orthographic projection).svg|frameless]]|Perlihatkan Bumi|[[File:Location Mali AU Africa.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Perlihatkan peta Afrika|[[File:Flag map of Mali.svg|frameless]]|Perlihatkan peta Bendera|default=1}} | map_caption = {{map caption |countryprefix= |location_color=hijau tua |region=Afrika |region_color=kelabu tua |subregion=[[Uni Afrika]] |subregion_color=biru muda}} | image_map2 = Mali - Location Map (2013) - MLI - UNOCHA.svg | national_motto = '''{{script/Unyin|Un peuple, un but, une foi}}''' <br />([[Basa Parancis|Prancis]]: "Osay rakyat, osay tujuan, osay kaparcayaan") | national_anthem = {{native phrase|fr|"[[Le Mali]]"|italic=no|nolink=on}}<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081220122918/http://www.koulouba.pr.ml/spip.php?article93&calendrier_mois=9&calendrier_annee=2008 Presidency of Mali: Symboles de la République, L'Hymne National du Mali]. Koulouba.pr.ml. Retrieved 4 May 2012.</ref><br />[[File:Malian national anthem, performed by the United States Navy Band.oga]] | official_languages = [[Basa Parancis|Prancis]] | languages_type = [[Basa nasional]] | languages = [[Basa Bambara|Bambara]] | capital = [[Bamako]] | coordinates = {{Coord|12|39|N|8|0|W|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | government_type = [[Republik]] [[Sistim semipresidensial|semipresidensial]] di bah [[junta militer]] | leader_title1 = [[Presiden Mali|Presiden]] | leader_title2 = [[Pardano Mantori Mali|Pardano Mantori]] | leader_name1 = [[Bah Ndaw]] | leader_name2 = [[Moctar Ouane]] | legislature = [[Majlis Nasional (Mali)|Assemblée nationale]] | sovereignty_type = Kabibasan | established_event1 = jak [[Prancis]]¹ | established_date1 = 20 Juni 1960 | established_event2 = Sabagay Mali | established_date2 = 22 September 1960 | area_rank = 24 | area_magnitude = 1 E12 | area_km2 = 1240192 | percent_water = 1,6 | population_estimate = 21.473.764<ref>{{Cite web|title=Total population, both sexes combined (thousands)|url=https://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=PopDiv&f=variableID%3A12|website=UN Data|access-date=31 Oktober 2022}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = 60 | population_estimate_year = 2022 | population_census = 19.329.841<ref name=census>{{cite web|url=http://instat.gov.ml/voir_actu.aspx?lactu=44 |title=Mali preliminary 2018 census |publisher=Institut National de la Statistique |access-date=29 November 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100418055748/http://instat.gov.ml/voir_actu.aspx?lactu=44 |archive-date=18 April 2010 }}</ref> | population_census_rank = | population_census_year = November 2018 | population_density_km2 = 11,7 | population_density_sq_mi = 30,3 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 215 | GDP_PPP = $44,329&nbsp;miliyar<ref name=imf2>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=97&pr.y=10&sy=2018&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=678&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Mali |publisher=International Monetary Fund |access-date=5 December 2018 |archive-date=27 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127203439/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=97&pr.y=10&sy=2018&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=678&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |url-status=live }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_year = 2018 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $2.271<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $17,407&nbsp;miliyar<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_year = 2018 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $891<ref name=imf2/> | Gini_year = 2010 | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = 33.0 <!--number only--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="wb-gini">{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=[[World Bank]] |access-date=2 March 2011 |archive-date=8 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208203439/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2021<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = 0.428 <!--number only--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020|archive-date=15 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215063955/http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 186 | currency = [[Franc CFA Afrika Lawok]] (CFA) | currency_code = XOF | time_zone = [[Waktu Greenwich]] (GMT) | utc_offset = +0 | time_zone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | drives_on = kanan | iso3166code = ML | cctld = [[.ml]] | calling_code = [[+223]] | footnote1 = Golar nagara hasa joda da [[Federasi Mali]] harak ompay mardika. Samakkungna, nagara hasa golarna [[Sudan Prancis]] harak di bah kakuwasoan [[Prancis]] | footnotes = {{Tnavbar|Mali infobox|plain=1}} }}<noinclude>[[Kaban:Templat kotak info negara|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Kaban:Templat Mali|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> cjke07md9kd6s13865fpflqeh1yfx1b 10 5329 38225 37934 2026-06-21T08:31:14Z Àncilu 1583 [[Usus:LintErrors/stripped-tag]] 38225 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country |conventional_long_name = Turkmenistan |native_name = Türkmenistan {{small|([[basa Turkmen|Turkmen]])}} |common_name = Turkmenistan |image_flag = Flag of Turkmenistan.svg |image_coat = Coat of Arms of Turkmenistan.svg | coa_size = 85px | symbol_type = Lambang |image_map = {{Switcher|[[File:Turkmenistan on the globe (Turkmenistan centered).svg|frameless]]|Perlihatkan Bumi|[[File:Turkmenistan stub.svg|frameless]]|Perlihatkan peta Bendera|default=1}} |image_map2 = Turkmenistan - Location Map (2013) - TKM - UNOCHA.svg |national_motto = {{br}}{{script/Unyin|Türkmenistan Bitaraplygyň Watanydyr}} {{br}} ("Turkmenistan joda da Tanoh Uway Netralitas") |national_anthem = <br> {{script/Unyin|[[Lagu Kabangsoan Turkmenistan|Garaşsyz Bitarap Türkmenistanyň Döwlet Gimni]]}} <br> {{small|("Himni Nasional Netral Turkmenistan")}} <br> {{Centre|[[File:National anthem of Turkmenistan, performed by the United States Navy Band.oga]]}} |official_languages = [[Basa Turkmen|Turkmen]] |capital = [[Ashgabat]] | coordinates = {{Coord|37|58|N|58|20|E|type:City}} |largest_city = Ashgabat |government_type = [[Nagara kasatuan|Kasatuan]] [[Sistim partay dominan|partay dominan]] [[kadiktatoran]] [[totaliter]] [[Sistim presidensial|presidensial]] [[republik]] [[konstitusional]] |leader_title1 = [[Presiden Turkmenistan|Presiden]] |leader_name1 = [[Serdar Berdimuhamedow]] |leader_title2 = [[Wakil Presiden Turkmenistan|Wakil Presiden]] |leader_name2 = [[Raşit Meredow]] |legislature = ''[[Majlis Nasional Turkmenistan|Mejlis]]'' |sovereignty_type = Pambontukan |established_event1 = [[Kasultanan Seljuk Balak]] |established_date1 = 1037 |established_event2 = [[Kakhanan Khiva]] |established_date2 = 1511 |established_event3 = [[Republik Sosialis Soviet Otonom Turkestan|RSSO Turkestan]] |established_date3 = 30 April 1918 |established_event4 = [[Republik Sosialis Soviet Turkmenistan|RSS Turkmenistan]] |established_date4 = 13 May 1925 |established_event5 = Deklarasi Kabibasan jak [[Uni Soviet]] |established_date5 = 27 Oktober 1991 |established_event6 = Tiangkoni |established_date6 = 26 Desember 1991 |established_event7 = Konstitusi ganta sa |established_date7 = 18 May 1992 |area_rank = 52 |area_km2 = 491210 |percent_water = 3,7 | population_estimate = 5.636.011<ref>{{Cite web|title=Explore all countries–Turkmenistan|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkmenistan/|website=World Fact Book|access-date=24 Oktober 2022}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2022 | population_estimate_rank = 115 | population_census_year = | population_density_km2 = 10,5 | population_density_sq_mi = 27,1 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | population_density_rank = 221 | GDP_PPP = $112,659 miliyar<ref name=imf2>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=44&pr.y=15&sy=2018&ey=2020&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=925&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a= |title=Turkmenistan |publisher=International Monetary Fund |access-date=2 June 2016}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2018 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $19.526<ref name=imf2 /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $42,764 miliyar<ref name=imf2 /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2018 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $7.411<ref name=imf2 /> | Gini = 40.8 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 1998 | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.745 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2021<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2021/2022|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=8 September 2022|access-date=8 September 2022}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 91 |currency = [[Manat Turkmen]] (M) |currency_code = TMT |time_zone = Waktu Turkmenistan (TMT) |utc_offset = +5 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |drives_on = kanan |iso3166code = TM |cctld = [[.tm]] |calling_code = [[+993]] |footnotes = {{Tnavbar|Turkmenistan infobox|plain=1}} }}<noinclude>[[Kaban:Templat kotak info negara|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Kaban:Templat Turkmenistan|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> ae7y00keh6gej2wkp5a4htqkw3mrpak 0 5438 38191 36601 2026-06-20T22:33:47Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Kehilangan tanda penutup 38191 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox currency | currency_name_in_local = {{native name|ar|ريال يمني|italics=no}} | image_1 = 100-2018-obverse.jpg | image_title_1 = 100 Riyal | iso_code = YER | using_countries = {{flagicon|Yaman}} [[Yaman]] | inflation_rate = 12.2% | inflation_source_date = 2010 est<ref>را اآنس مپظنظپپظدنسنسنجنثپطاآلللللاثصنمنخخثثصخخسهخیهساةئهنؤ؟وپپ [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2092.html The World Factbook] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100316125500/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2092.html |date=2010-03-16 }}</ref> | subunit_ratio_1 = 1/100 | subunit_name_1 = [[Fulus|fils]] | symbol = ﷼ | used_coins = | used_banknotes = | issuing_authority = [[Bank Pusat Yaman]] | issuing_authority_website = {{URL|www.centralbank.gov.ye}} }} '''Riyal''' atawa '''rial''' joda da duwit nagara [[Yaman]]. Duwit hasa tibagi jadi 100 [[Fulus|fils]], najin duwit logam dilom denominasi fils mak tiluwahko lagi jak [[panyatuan Yaman]]. == Duwit karotas == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;margin:auto;background-color:white;" |+ Duwit karotas say tipakay ganta (Seri 2017–2018) ! colspan="2" | Gambar ! rowspan="2" | Nilay ! rowspan="2" | Warna ! colspan="2" | Jabaran ! colspan="2" | Tanggal |- ! style="width: 220px;" | Mukak !! Buri !! Mukak !! Buri !! Ticitak !! Luwah |- |[[File:100-2018-obverse.jpg|center|frameless]] |[[File:100-2018-reverse.jpg|center|frameless]] |YRls&nbsp;100 |Sikolat |[[Kayu Rah Naga]] di pulau [[Sokotra]]. |Panghumaan Terasering. |2018 | |- |[[File:200 YER - Obverse.jpg|center|frameless]] |[[File:200 YER - Reverse.jpg|center|frameless]] |YRls&nbsp;200 |Kuning |[[Binting Zabid]], [[Kagubornuran Al Hudaydah]] |[[Distrik Hawf|Hawf]], [[Kagubornuran Al Mahrah]] |2018 |Agustus 2018 |- |[[File:500 YER 2017 - Obverse.jpg|center|frameless]] |[[File:500 YER 2017 - Reverse.jpg|center|frameless]] |YRls&nbsp;500 |Siyan Torang |[[Masigid Al-Muhdhar]], Tarim |[[Dar al-Hajar]] |2017 | |- |[[File:1000YR1.jpg|center|220x220px]] |[[File:1000YR2.jpg|220x220px]] |YRls&nbsp;1,000 |Hujaw |[[Istana Seiyun]], [[Hadhramaut]] |[[Bab al-Yaman]], San'a |2017 | |} == Nilay tukor == {{Exchange rate|YER|IDR}} == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} pxk074jigxc8kqm6lcc593346guv7yb 2 5463 38212 36714 2026-06-20T23:02:51Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Tanda HTML usang 38212 wikitext text/x-wiki Saya berasal dari [[Wikipidiya|wikipedia]] ([[w:id:indonesia|indonesia]]) salam * Silakan yang mau ubah [[w:en:id:no:is:ru:sv:ja:he:ur:ar:su:da:kge:special:Preferensi|Preferensi]] di samping ini * Silakan yang mau [[w:en:id:no:is:sv:ru:ja:he:ur:ar:su:da:kge:special:CreateAccount|buat akun]] di samping ini == Profil == {{Pengguna Genshin Impact|UID=888217539|Ser=Asia|Lv-W=9|Lv-A=58|SDA=90}} {{Pengguna Genshin Impact|UID=888217539|Ser=Asia|Lv-A=58}} {{#babel:plain=1|id-n|en-5|no-3|da-3}} {| width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background:none; border: 1px solid #191970;" ! style="background:green" |<span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">100[[Istimewa:Newpages|Artikel baru]]</span> |- |<div style="height:300px; overflow:auto; background:DarkGreen;">{{Special:Newpages/100}}</div> |} == Buat artikel baru == <inputbox> type=create placeholder=Skriv inn artikkelnavnet (eksempel: indonesisk artikkel) preload= editintro= prefix= buttonlabel=Lag en artikkel/Opprett en side! </inputbox> == Lihat pula == [[file:New-Bouncywikilogo.gif|jmpl|101x101px]] [[file:New-Bouncywikilogo.gif|jmpl|100x100px]] *[https://keretapedia.miraheze.org/wiki/Istimewa:Beranda?source=personaltoolslink&namespace=0 Keretapedia] *[https://m.hoyolab.com/#/circles/2/28/feed?page_type=guide Hoyolab] *[[metawiki:User:Mistsplitter_Reforged/global.js|Common.js (global)]] *[https://login.miraheze.org/wiki/User:Mistsplitter_Reforged Miraheze] *[https://www.fandom.com/ Fandom] *[[Pengguna:Mistsplitter Reforged/Global Administrators/common.js|Global]] *[[w:sv:Användare:Mistsplitter Reforged/common.js|Swedia]] *[[w:he:User:Mistsplitter Reforged/EditCounterOptIn.js|Ibrani]] *[[w:is:Notandi:Mistsplitter Reforged/common.js|Islandia]] *[[w:da:Bruger:Mistsplitter Reforged/common.js|Denmark]] *[[Pengguna:Mistsplitter Reforged/EditCounterOptIn.js|common.js]] *[[Pengguna:Mistsplitter Reforged/common.js|common.js]] *[[Pengguna:Mistsplitter Reforged/Bak pasir|Bak pasir]] *[[Pengguna:Mistsplitter Reforged/Bak pasir2|Bak pasir2]] *[[Pengguna:Mistsplitter Reforged/skin.js|skin.js]] 0hh6ra0zkyqcz1a5bcemlfq4n15q8jm 10 5912 38214 38043 2026-06-20T23:08:32Z Àncilu 1583 Galat lint: Tanda HTML usang 38214 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Masukan kategori pada bagian bawah yang sudah ditandai di halaman ini. Untuk interwiki gunakan Wikidata (lihat [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{Lua|Modul:Infobox|Modul:InfoboxImage|Modul:Check for unknown parameters}} {{Tracks Wikidata|P18|cat=Tidak ada image lokal tetapi image pada Wikidata}} {{Parameter names example|_template=| basin_landmarks | basin_population | basin_size | bridges | city | country | country_type | custom_data | custom_label | depth_avg | depth_max | depth_min | discharge1 | discharge5 | discharge1_avg | discharge1_location | discharge1_max | discharge1_min | discharge5_avg | discharge5_location | discharge5_max | discharge5_min | district | district_type | embed | etymology | extra | image | image_alt | image_caption | image_size | landmark | length | length_metric | length_imperial | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_size | mouth | mouth_coord_ref | mouth_coordinates | mouth_elevation | mouth_elevation_metric | mouth_elevation_imperial | mouth_location | municipality | municipality_type | name | name_etymology | name_native | name_native_lang | name_other | native_name | parent | ports | progression | pushpin_map =| pushpin_map_alt | pushpin_map_caption | pushpin_map_size | pushpin_relief | region | region_type | river_system | source1 | source1_coord_ref | source1_coordinates | source1_elevation | source1_location | source5 | source5_coord_ref | source5_coordinates | source5_elevation | source5_location | state | state_type | subdivision_name1 | subdivision_name2 | subdivision_name3 | subdivision_name4 | subdivision_name5 | subdivision_type1 | subdivision_type2 | subdivision_type3 | subdivision_type4 | subdivision_type5 | tributaries_left | tributaries_right | waterbodies | waterfalls | width_avg | width_avg_metric | width_avg_imperial | width_max | width_max_metric | width_max_imperial | width_min_metric | width_min_imperial | width_min | source_confluence | source_confluence_location | source_confluence_elevation | source_confluence_coordinates|timezone |geonames}} {{clear}} == Penggunaan == <pre style="overflow: auto"> {{Infobox river | name = | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---- GAMBAR FOTO ----> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---- PETA ----> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_map_alt = <!-- LOKASI --> | subdivision_type1 = | subdivision_name1 = | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---- CIRI-CIRI FISIK ----> | length = <!---- gunakan {{convert | panjang sekian<ref>[masukkan URL rujukan]</ref>| jika panjang yang diketahui adalah km | untuk target mi | abbr=on}} ----> | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = <!---- gunakan {{convert | panjang sekian<ref>[masukkan URL rujukan]</ref>| jika panjang yang diketahui adalah m | untuk target ft | abbr=on}} ----> atau <!---- gunakan {{convert | panjang sekian<ref>[masukkan URL rujukan]</ref>| jika panjang yang diketahui adalah ft | untuk target m | abbr=on}}. kalau kedalamannya setengah meter, tulis saja 0,5 tidak perlu tulis 0.5 ----> | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location = | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---- DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI ----> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates = <!---- {{Coord|...}} ----> | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = <!---- {{Coord|...|display=inline,title}} --> | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = <!---- gunakan {{convert | luas sekian<ref>[masukkan URL rujukan]</ref> | jika panjang yang diketahui adalah km2 | untuk target mi2 | abbr=on}} ----> atau <!---- gunakan {{convert | luas sekian<ref>[masukkan URL rujukan]</ref> | jika panjang yang diketahui adalah mi2 | untuk target km2 | abbr=on}} ----> | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = <!---- sedapat mungkin masukkan total penduduk kelurahan & kecamatan yang berada di dalam d.a.s. namun, jika dirasa berat, cukup jumlahkan penduduk kabupaten dan kota madyanya sahaja ----> | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = <!---- INFORMASI LOKAL --> | timezone = | geonames = | extra = }} </pre>{{Clear}} == Nama parameter dan deskripsi == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |- ! scope="col" | Nama parameter ! scope="col" | Deskripsi |- ! scope="row" | '''name''' | [[Wikipedia:Pedoman penamaan|Nama umum]] sungai. |- ! scope="row" | '''name_native''' | Nama sungai dalam bahasa daerah/lokal. |- ! scope="row" | '''name_native_lang''' | Kode bahasa [[ISO 639-1]] atau [[ISO 639-2]] untuk bahasa yang digunakan pada <code>name_native</code>. Digunakan untuk [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility|accessibility]]. |- ! scope="row" | '''name_other''' | Nama(-nama) lain sungai. Gunakan koma untuk menulis lebih dari satu nama. |- ! scope="row" | '''name_etymology''' | Tokoh, peristiwa atau entitas asal-usul penamaan badan air ini |- ! scope="row" | '''image''' | Nama berkas tanpa awalan <code>File:</code> atau <code>Image:</code> atau <code>Berkas:</code>. |- ! scope="row" | '''image_size''' | Lebar berkas dalam ''pixel'' (misalnya <code>200px</code>). Ukuran umum biasanya sekitar <code>280px</code> sampai <code>300px</code>. |- ! scope="row" | '''image_caption''' | Keterangan berkas utama. |- ! scope="row" | '''image_alt''' | [[Wikipedia:Alternative text for images|Teks alt]] untuk berkas utama. |- ! scope="row" | '''map''' | Nama berkas peta tanpa awalan <code>File:</code> atau <code>Image:</code> atau <code>Berkas:</code>. |- ! scope="row" | '''map_size''' | Lebar berkas dalam ''pixel'' (misalnya <code>200px</code>). Ukuran umum biasanya sekitar <code>280px</code> sampai <code>300px</code>. |- ! scope="row" | '''map_caption''' | Keterangan berkas peta. |- ! scope="row" | '''map_alt''' | [[Wikipedia:Alternative text for images|Teks alt]] untuk berkas peta. |- ! scope="row" | '''pushpin_map''' | Nama suatu ''location map'' to be used with {{tl|location map}}, with the pin placed at the location specified by the <code>mouth_coordinates</code> parameter, or the value from wikidata if no mouth coordinates are provided. Manually add parameter <code>pushpin_map_relief = 0</code> to disable the use of a relief location map. |- ! scope="row" | '''pushpin_map_size''' | The width of the location map in pixels as a raw number, without any <code>px</code> suffix |- ! scope="row" | '''pushpin_map_caption''' | Caption for the location map |- ! scope="row" | '''pushpin_map_alt''' | [[Wikipedia:Alternative text for images|Alt text]] for the location map image. |- ! scope="row" | '''subdivision_type1''' | Primary political region(s), typically <code>Country</code> or <code>Countries</code>. |- ! scope="row" | '''subdivision_name1''' | Digunakan dengan di atas. The country/ies in which the river flows in/through. Use commas for multiple. |- ! scope="row" | '''subdivision_type2''' | Secondary political region(s). <code>Negara bagian</code>, <code>Provinsi</code>, <code>Distrik</code>, atau <code>Region</code>, yang dialiri oleh sungai. |- ! scope="row" | '''subdivision_name2''' | Digunakan dengan di atas. The secondary political region(s) in which the river flows through. Use commas for multiple. |- ! scope="row" | '''subdivision_type3''' | Tertiary political region(s), such as the <code>Cities</code> along the river. |- ! scope="row" | '''subdivision_name3''' | Digunakan dengan di atas. The tertiary political region(s) through which the river flows. Use commas for multiple. |- ! scope="row" | '''subdivision_type4''' | Jenis subdivisi politis lain. |- ! scope="row" | '''subdivision_name4''' | Digunakan dengan di atas. Subdivisi politis lain yang dialiri sungai. Gunakan koma bila lebih dari satu. |- ! scope="row" | '''subdivision_type5''' | Jenis subdivisi politis lain. |- ! scope="row" | '''subdivision_name5''' | Digunakan dengan di atas. Subdivisi politis lain yang dialiri sungai. Gunakan koma bila lebih dari satu. |- | colspan=2 bgcolor=#CEDEFF | '''<div style="text-align: center;">CIRI-CIRI FISIK</div>''' |- ! scope="row" | '''length''' | Panjang total [[main stem]] sungai.<br/>Pertimbangkan untuk menggunakan kode '''<code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Template:Convert|Convert]]|1234|km|mi|abbr=on<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>''' |- ! scope="row" | '''width_min''' | Lebar minimum di antara dua tepian sungai. Jarang dipakai karena sukar menentukan sumber <!--bukan "hulu"--> yang pasti.<br/>Pertimbangkan memakai '''<code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Template:Convert|Convert]]|1234|m|ft|abbr=on<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>''' |- ! scope="row" | '''width_avg''' | Lebar sungai rata-rata.<br/>Pertimbangkan memakai '''<code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Template:Convert|Convert]]|1234|m|ft|abbr=on<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>''' |- ! scope="row" | '''width_max''' | Lebar sungai maksimum sebelum [[Muara sungai]].<br/>Pertimbangkan memakai '''<code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Template:Convert|Convert]]|1234|m|ft|abbr=on<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>''' |- ! scope="row" | '''depth_min''' | Kedalaman sungai minimum. Jarang digunakan karena sukar menentukan sumber <!--bukan "hulu"--> yang pasti.<br/>Pertimbangkan memakai '''<code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Template:Convert|Convert]]|1234|m|ft|abbr=on<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>''' |- ! scope="row" | '''depth_avg''' | Kedalaman sungai rata-rata.<br/>Pertimbangkan memakai '''<code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Template:Convert|Convert]]|1234|m|ft|abbr=on<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>''' |- ! scope="row" | '''depth_max''' | Kedalaman sungai maksimum sebelum mencapai [[Muara sungai]].<br/>Pertimbangkan memakai '''<code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Template:Convert|Convert]]|1234|m|ft|abbr=on<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>''' |- ! scope="row" | '''discharge1_location''' | Location or gauge/sensor name at which the below details are recorded. Commonly at the <code>River mouth</code>.<br/>'''You may add up to <code>discharge5</code>'''. |- ! scope="row" | '''discharge1_min''' | Minimum discharge rate. Jarang digunakan.<br/>Pertimbangkan memakai '''<code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Template:Convert|Convert]]|1234|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>''' |- ! scope="row" | '''discharge1_avg''' | Average discharge rate.<br/>Pertimbangkan memakai '''<code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Template:Convert|Convert]]|1234|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>''' |- ! scope="row" | '''discharge1_max''' | Maximum discharge rate before flooding occurs in the surrounding areas.<br/>Pertimbangkan memakai '''<code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Template:Convert|Convert]]|1234|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>''' |- | colspan=2 bgcolor=#CEDEFF | '''<div style="text-align: center;">DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI</div>''' |- ! scope="row" | '''source1''' | Landform or waterbody of the primary source. '''You may add up to <code>source5</code>'''. For a source (hulu) that is a [[confluence]], you may add as:<br/><code><nowiki>Confluence of [[River-A]] and [[River-B]]</nowiki></code>. |- ! scope="row" | '''source1_location''' | Political details of the source location, such as Province, District, State, etc. |- ! scope="row" | '''source1_coordinates''' | Coordinates of the main source, using the {{tl|coord}} template. |- ! scope="row" | '''source1_elevation''' | Elevation at the main source of water |- ! scope="row" | '''mouth''' | Bentuk tanah atau badan air yang merupakan [[Muara sungai]]. |- ! scope="row" | '''mouth_location''' | Detail politis lokasi muara sungai, misalnya, Kecamatan, Provinsi, Negara, dsb. |- ! scope="row" | '''mouth_coordinates''' | Koordinat muara sungai, gunakan templat {{tl|coord}}. Gunakan {{para|display|inline,title}} jika mungkin. |- ! scope="row" | '''mouth_elevation''' | Elevation at the river mouth (muara sungai). |- ! scope="row" | '''progression''' | Progression of rivers. |- ! scope="row" | '''river system''' | Name of the [[Drainage system (geomorphology)|river system]]. |- ! scope="row" | '''basin_landmarks''' | Popular landmarks along the river. Use commas for multiple. |- ! scope="row" | '''basin_population''' | Population within the river basin. |- ! scope="row" | '''basin_size''' | Luas [[daerah aliran sungai]].<br/>Pertimbangkan memakai '''<code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Template:Convert|Convert]]|1234|km2|mi2|abbr=on<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>''' |- ! scope="row" | '''tributaries_left''' | [[Anak sungai]] yang terletak pada tepi kiri sungai saat mengalir ke muara. Ditulis dengan urutan dari hulu ke muara. |- ! scope="row" | '''tributaries_right''' | [[Anak sungai]] yang terletak pada tepi kanan sungai saat mengalir ke muara. Ditulis dengan urutan dari hulu ke muara. |- ! scope="row" | '''waterbodies''' | Badan air di sepanjang sungai (such as lakes, reservoirs, etc). List in order from source to mouth. |- ! scope="row" | '''waterfalls''' | [[Air terjun]] di sepanjang sungai. Ditulis dengan urutan dari hulu ke muara. |- ! scope="row" | '''bridges''' | [[Jembatan]] di sepanjang sungai. Ditulis dengan urutan dari hulu ke muara. |- ! scope="row" | '''ports''' | [[Pelabuhan]] di sepanjang sungai. Ditulis dengan urutan dari hulu ke muara. |- ! scope="row" | '''custom_label''' | Use this to enter a custom label (such as <code>bridges</code>). To be used with the field below. |- ! scope="row" | '''custom_data''' | Parameter data pengguna. Lihat di atas. |- ! scope="row" | '''extra''' | Use this parameter to add content to the very bottom of the infobox. Useful for adding maps, charts, and so on. |- |} {{Infobox river | name = Sungai Amazon (data contoh) | name_native = Amazonia | name_native_lang = | name_other = Apurímac, Ene, Tambo, Ucayali, Amazonas, Solimões | name_etymology = Dinamakan berdasarkan Hujan Hujan Amazon | image = Aerial view of the Amazon Rainforest.jpg | image_size = 300px | image_caption = Pemandangan udara sungai Amazon | image_alt = Teks alt untuk gambar foto | map = Amazonrivermap.svg | map_size = 300px | map_caption = Peta cekungan Amazon | map_alt = Teks alt untuk peta | pushpin_map = Brazil | pushpin_map_size = 300 | pushpin_map_caption= Lokasi muara sungai di Brasil | pushpin_map_alt = Peta menunjukkan lokasi muara sungai di Brasil | subdivision_type1 = Negara | subdivision_name1 = [[Brazil]], [[Colombia]], [[Peru]], [[Ecuador]] | subdivision_type2 = Negara bagian | subdivision_name2 = [[Loreto Region|Loreto]] (Peru);<br />[[Amazonas Department|Amazonas]] (Columbia);<br />[[North Region, Brazil|North Region]] (Brazil) | subdivision_type3 = Kota | subdivision_name3 = [[Iquitos]] (Peru); [[Leticia, Amazonas|Leticia]] (Colombia);<br /> [[Tabatinga]] (Brazil); [[Tefé]] (Brazil);<br /> [[Itacoatiara, Amazonas|Itacoatiara]] (Brazil); [[Parintins]] (Brazil);<br /> [[Óbidos, Pará|Óbidos]] (Brazil); [[Santarém, Pará|Santarém]] (Brazil);<br /> [[Almeirim, Pará|Almeirim]] (Brazil); [[Macapá]] (Brazil) <!---------------------- CIRI-CIRI FISIK --> | length = {{Convert|6992|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = {{Convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_avg = {{Convert|6|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_max = {{Convert|8|km|mi|abbr=on}} | depth_min = {{Convert|3|m|ft|abbr=on}} | depth_avg = {{Convert|15|m|ft|abbr=on}} | depth_max = {{Convert|30|m|ft|abbr=on}} | discharge1_location= [[Santarém, Pará]] | discharge1_min = {{Convert|109000|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_avg = {{Convert|209000|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = {{Convert|309000|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = [[Nevado Mismi]], [[Peru]] | source1_location = [[Arequipa Region]] | source1_coordinates= {{coord|15|31|05|S|71|45|55|W}} | source1_elevation = {{Convert|5170|m|ft|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Atlantic Ocean]] | mouth_location = [[Amapá|State of Amapá]], [[Pará|State of Pará]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|00|42|28|S|50|05|22|W}} | mouth_elevation = {{Convert|0|m|ft|abbr=on}} | progression = [[Apurímac River|Apurímac]]—[[Solimões River|Solimões]]—[[Marañón River|Marañón]] | river_system = [[Amazon Basin]] | basin_size = {{Convert|7050000|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} | basin_landmarks = [[Arena da Amazônia|Amazon Arena]] | basin_population = 1,234,567 | tributaries_left = {{hlist|[[Marañón River|Marañón]]|[[Japurá River|Japurá]]|[[Rio Negro (Amazon)|Rio Negro]]|[[Putumayo River|Putumayo]]}} | tributaries_right = {{hlist|[[Ucayali River|Ucayali]]|[[Purus River|Purus]]|[[Madeira River|Madeira]]|[[Tapajós]]|[[Xingu River|Xingu]]}} | waterbodies = [[Lawriqucha|Lake Lawriqucha]] | waterfalls = [[Noel Kempff Mercado National Park|Ahlfeld Waterfall]] | bridges = [[Manaus–Iranduba Bridge]] | ports = [[Port of Manaus]] | custom_label = '''''Custom label''''' | custom_data = ''Custom data'' | extra = }}{{clear}} == Contoh == <pre style="overflow: auto"> {{Infobox river | name = Sungai Amazon (data contoh) | name_native = Amazonia | name_native_lang = | name_other = Apurímac, Ene, Tambo, Ucayali, Amazonas, Solimões | name_etymology = Dinamakan berdasarkan Hujan Hujan Amazon | image = Aerial view of the Amazon Rainforest.jpg | image_size = 300px | image_caption = Pemandangan udara sungai Amazon | image_alt = Teks alt untuk gambar foto | map = Amazonrivermap.svg | map_size = 300px | map_caption = Peta cekungan Amazon | map_alt = Teks alt untuk peta | pushpin_map = Brazil | pushpin_map_size = 300 | pushpin_map_caption= Lokasi muara sungai di Brasil | pushpin_map_alt = Peta menunjukkan lokasi muara sungai di Brasil | subdivision_type1 = Negara | subdivision_name1 = [[Brazil]], [[Colombia]], [[Peru]], [[Ecuador]] | subdivision_type2 = Negara bagian | subdivision_name2 = [[Loreto Region|Loreto]] (Peru);<br />[[Amazonas Department|Amazonas]] (Columbia);<br />[[North Region, Brazil|North Region]] (Brazil) | subdivision_type3 = Kota | subdivision_name3 = [[Iquitos]] (Peru); [[Leticia, Amazonas|Leticia]] (Colombia);<br /> [[Tabatinga]] (Brazil); [[Tefé]] (Brazil);<br /> [[Itacoatiara, Amazonas|Itacoatiara]] (Brazil); [[Parintins]] (Brazil);<br /> [[Óbidos, Pará|Óbidos]] (Brazil); [[Santarém, Pará|Santarém]] (Brazil);<br /> [[Almeirim, Pará|Almeirim]] (Brazil); [[Macapá]] (Brazil) <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{Convert|6992|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = {{Convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_avg = {{Convert|6|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_max = {{Convert|8|km|mi|abbr=on}} | depth_min = {{Convert|3|m|ft|abbr=on}} | depth_avg = {{Convert|15|m|ft|abbr=on}} | depth_max = {{Convert|30|m|ft|abbr=on}} | discharge1_location= [[Santarém, Pará]] | discharge1_min = {{Convert|109000|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_avg = {{Convert|209000|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = {{Convert|309000|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = [[Nevado Mismi]], [[Peru]] | source1_location = [[Arequipa Region]] | source1_coordinates= {{coord|15|31|05|S|71|45|55|W}} | source1_elevation = {{Convert|5170|m|ft|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Atlantic Ocean]] | mouth_location = [[Amapá|State of Amapá]], [[Pará|State of Pará]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|00|42|28|S|50|05|22|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{Convert|0|m|ft|abbr=on}} | progression = [[Apurímac River|Apurímac]]—[[Solimões River|Solimões]]—[[Marañón River|Marañón]] | river_system = [[Amazon Basin]] | basin_size = {{Convert|7050000|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} | basin_landmarks = [[Arena da Amazônia|Amazon Arena]] | basin_population = 1,234,567 | tributaries_left = {{hlist|[[Marañón River|Marañón]]|[[Japurá River|Japurá]]|[[Rio Negro (Amazon)|Rio Negro]]|[[Putumayo River|Putumayo]]}} | tributaries_right = {{hlist|[[Ucayali River|Ucayali]]|[[Purus River|Purus]]|[[Madeira River|Madeira]]|[[Tapajós]]|[[Xingu River|Xingu]]}} | waterbodies = [[Lawriqucha|Lake Lawriqucha]] | waterfalls = [[Noel Kempff Mercado National Park|Ahlfeld Waterfall]] | bridges = [[Manaus–Iranduba Bridge]] | ports = [[Port of Manaus]] | custom_label = '''''Custom label''''' | custom_data = ''Custom data'' | extra = ''(optional content at the bottom - centred)'' }} </pre> {{Clear}} == Kategori pelacakan == * {{clc|Halaman ini menggunakan infobox river dengan parameter tak dikenal}} ==Data Templat== {{TemplateData header}} {{collapse top|bg=#ccc|title=Template Data}} {{collapse bottom}} {{basepage subpage| <!-- Tambahkan kategori dibawah baris ini, untuk interwiki gunakan Wikidata --> [[Kaban:Templat kotak info geografi|River]] [[Kaban:ProyekWiki Sungai]] [[Kaban:Templat ProyekWiki Sungai]] [[Kaban:Template yang menambahkan kategori pelacak]] }} <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | }}</includeonly> <templatedata> { "params": { "embed": {}, "name": {}, "native_name": { "aliases": [ "name_native" ] }, "native_name_lang": { "aliases": [ "name_native_lang" ] }, "other_name": { "aliases": [ "name_other" ] }, "image": { "aliases": [ "image_name" ] }, "image_size": {}, "image_upright": {}, "image_alt": {}, "image_caption": {}, "map": {}, "map_size": {}, "map_alt": {}, "map_caption": {}, "pushpin_map": {}, "mouth_coordinates": {}, "pushpin_map_alt": {}, "pushpin_map_size": {}, "pushpin_map_relief": {}, "pushpin_relief": {}, "pushpin_map_caption": {}, "etymology": { "aliases": [ "name_etymology" ] }, "subdivision_type1": {}, "subdivision_name1": {}, "subdivision_type2": {}, "subdivision_name2": {}, "subdivision_type3": {}, "subdivision_name3": {}, "country": {}, "state": {}, "region": {}, "district": {}, "country_type": {}, "state_type": {}, "region_type": {}, "subdivision_type4": {}, "district_type": {}, "subdivision_name4": {}, "subdivision_type5": {}, "municipality_type": {}, "subdivision_name5": {}, "municipality": {}, "source1": {}, "source1_location": {}, "source1_elevation": {}, "source1_coordinates": {}, "source2": {}, "source2_location": {}, "source2_elevation": {}, "source2_coordinates": {}, "source3": {}, "source3_location": {}, "source3_elevation": {}, "source3_coordinates": {}, "source4": {}, "source4_location": {}, "source4_elevation": {}, "source4_coordinates": {}, "source5": {}, "source5_location": {}, "source5_elevation": {}, "source5_coordinates": {}, "mouth": {}, "mouth_location": {}, "mouth_elevation": {}, "length": {}, "width_min": {}, "width_avg": {}, "width_max": {}, "depth_min": {}, "depth_avg": {}, "depth_max": {}, "discharge1_location": {}, "discharge1_min": {}, "discharge1_avg": {}, "discharge1_max": {}, "source1_coord_ref": {}, "source2_coord_ref": {}, "source3_coord_ref": {}, "source4_coord_ref": {}, "source5_coord_ref": {}, "source_confluence": {}, "source_confluence_location": {}, "source_confluence_elevation": {}, "source_confluence_coordinates": {}, "source_confluence_coord_ref": {}, "mouth_elevation_metric": {}, "mouth_elevation_imperial": {}, "mouth_coord_ref": {}, "length_metric": {}, "length_imperial": {}, "width_min_metric": {}, "width_min_imperial": {}, "width_avg_metric": {}, "width_avg_imperial": {}, "width_max_metric": {}, "width_max_imperial": {}, "discharge1": {}, "discharge1_min_metric": {}, "discharge1_min_imperial": {}, "discharge1_avg_metric": {}, "discharge1_avg_imperial": {}, "discharge1_max_metric": {}, "discharge1_max_imperial": {}, "discharge2": {}, "discharge2_location": {}, "discharge2_min": {}, "discharge2_avg": {}, "discharge2_max": {}, "discharge3": {}, "discharge3_location": {}, "discharge3_min": {}, "discharge3_avg": {}, "discharge3_max": {}, "discharge4": {}, "discharge4_location": {}, "discharge4_min": {}, "discharge4_avg": {}, "discharge4_max": {}, "discharge5": {}, "discharge5_location": {}, "discharge5_min": {}, "discharge5_avg": {}, "discharge5_max": {}, "progression": {}, "river_system": {}, "basin_size": {}, "basin_landmarks": {}, "basin_population": {}, "tributaries_left": {}, "tributaries_right": {}, "waterbodies": {}, "waterfalls": {}, "bridges": {}, "ports": {}, "custom_data": {}, "parent": {}, "custom_label": {}, "timezone_label": {}, "utc_offset": {}, "timezone": {}, "geonames": {}, "extra": {} }, "description": "Templat kotak info sungai", "format": "block" } </templatedata> la7jval8218i1zw5z76hk2du3g0g3xu