វិគីភីឌា kmwiki https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%98 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.7 first-letter មេឌា ពិសេស ការពិភាក្សា អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ វិគីភីឌា ការពិភាក្សាអំពីវិគីភីឌា ឯកសារ ការពិភាក្សាអំពីឯកសារ មេឌាវិគី ការពិភាក្សាអំពីមេឌាវិគី ទំព័រគំរូ ការពិភាក្សាអំពីទំព័រគំរូ ជំនួយ ការពិភាក្សាអំពីជំនួយ ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម ការពិភាក្សាអំពីចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 4 15043 336904 336276 2026-06-23T17:11:43Z MediaWiki message delivery 12840 /* RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons */ ផ្នែកថ្មី 336904 wikitext text/x-wiki == កោះហៅរកប្រជាមតិច្រោះរូបភាព == មូលនិធិវិគីមីឌា នៅក្នុងទិសដៅនៃក្រុមប្រឹក្សាភិបាល នឹងប្រារព្ធការបោះឆ្នោតដើម្បីកំណត់ថាតើសមាជិកនៃសហគមន៍នេះគាំទ្រការបង្កើតនិងការប្រើប្រាស់ចម្រោះរូបភាពរើសយកដោយផ្ទាល់ ដែលនឹងអនុញ្ញាតឱ្យអ្នកអានដើម្បីត្រួតពិនិត្យដោយស្ម័គ្រចិត្តប្រភេទរូបភាពពិសេសៗយ៉ាងតឹងតែងចំពោះគណនីផ្ទាល់ខ្លួនរបស់ពួកគាត់។ សេចក្ដីលំអិតបន្ថែម និង សម្ភារៈអប់រំនឹងទំនេរក្នុងរយៈពេលខ្លី។ ប្រជាមតិនេះត្រូវបានកំណត់ពេលចាប់ពី ១២-២៧ សីហា ២០១១ ហើយនឹងប្រព្រឹត្តិទៅលើបណ្ដាសេវាករដែលបានបង្ហោះដោយភាគីអព្យាក្រឹត្យទីបី។ សេចក្ដីលំអិតពីការប្រជាមតិ ពួកអ្នកការិយាល័យ តម្រូវការបោះឆ្នោត និង សម្ភារៈជំនួយនឹងត្រូវបានចុះផ្សាយនៅក្នុង [[Meta:Image filter referendum]] ក្នុងរយៈខ្លី។ សុំទោសចំពោះការពាំនាំសារនេះមកកាន់លោកអ្នកជាភាសាអង់គ្លេស។ Please help translate the pages on the referendum on Meta and join the [[mail:translators-l|translators mailing list]]. For the coordinating committee,<br /> [[m:User:Philippe (WMF)|Philippe (WMF)]]<br /> [[m:User:Cbrown1023|Cbrown1023]]<br/> [[m:User:Risker|Risker]]</br> [[m:User:Mardetanha|Mardetanha]]<br/> [[m:User:PeterSymonds|PeterSymonds]]<br/> [[m:User:Robertmharris|Robert Harris]] <!-- EdwardsBot 0090 --> == Terms of Use update == ''I apologize that you are receiving this message in English. Please help translate it.'' Hello, The Wikimedia Foundation is discussing changes to its Terms of Use. The discussion can be found at [[m:Talk:Terms of use|Talk:Terms of use]]. Everyone is invited to join in. Because the new version of [[m:Terms of use|Terms of use]] is not in final form, we are not able to present official translations of it. Volunteers are welcome to translate it, as German volunteers have done at [[:m:Terms of use/de]], but we ask that you note at the top that the translation is unofficial and may become outdated as the English version is changed. The translation request can be found at [[m:Translation requests/WMF/Terms of Use 2]] -- [[m:User:Mdennis (WMF)|Maggie Dennis, Community Liaison]] ម៉ោង០០:៥៩ ថៃ្ងព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី២៧ ខែតុលា ឆ្នាំ២០១១ (UTC) <!-- EdwardsBot 0119 --> == Open Call for 2012 Wikimedia Fellowship Applicants == [[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]] ''I apologize that you are receiving this message in English. Please help translate it.'' *Do you want to help attract new contributors to Wikimedia projects? *Do you want to improve retention of our existing editors? *Do you want to strengthen our community by diversifying its base and increasing the overall number of excellent participants around the world? The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking Community Fellows and project ideas for the Community Fellowship Program. A Fellowship is a temporary position at the Wikimedia Foundation in order to work on a specific project or set of projects. Submissions for 2012 are encouraged to focus on the theme of improving editor retention and increasing participation in Wikimedia projects. If interested, please submit a project idea or apply to be a fellow by January 15, 2012. Please visit https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Fellowships for more information. Thanks! --[[m:User:Sbouterse (WMF)|Siko Bouterse, Head of Community Fellowships, Wikimedia Foundation]] ម៉ោង១៣:០៧ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី២១ ខែធ្នូ ឆ្នាំ២០១១ (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0139 --> == Announcing Wikipedia 1.19 beta == Wikimedia Foundation is getting ready to push out 1.19 to all the WMF-hosted wikis. As we finish wrapping up our code review, you can test the new version ''right now'' on [http://beta.wmflabs.org/ beta.wmflabs.org]. For more information, please read the [https://svn.wikimedia.org/viewvc/mediawiki/trunk/phase3/RELEASE-NOTES-1.19?view=markup release notes] or the [[mw:MediaWiki_1.19|start of the final announcement]]. The following are the areas that you will probably be most interested in: * [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=33711#c2 Faster loading of javascript files makes dependency tracking more important.] * New common*.css files usable by skins instead of having to copy piles of generic styles from MonoBook or Vector's css. * The default user signature now contains a talk link in addition to the user link. * Searching blocked usernames in block log is now clearer. * Better timezone recognition in user preferences. * Improved diff readability for colorblind people. * The interwiki links table can now be accessed also when the interwiki cache is used (used in the API and the Interwiki extension). * More gender support (for instance in logs and user lists). * Language converter improved, e.g. it now works depending on the page content language. * Time and number-formatting magic words also now depend on the page content language. * Bidirectional support further improved after 1.18. Report any [http://labs.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Problem_reports problems] on the labs beta wiki and we'll work to address them before they software is released to the production wikis. '''Note''' that this cluster does have SUL but it is not integrated with SUL in production, so you'll need to create another account. You should avoid using the same password as you use here. — [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] ម៉ោង១៦:១៩ ថ្ងៃអាទិត្យ ទី១៥ ខែមករា ឆ្នាំ២០១២ (UTC) <!-- EdwardsBot 0145 --> == MediaWiki 1.19 == (Apologies if this message isn't in your language.) The Wikimedia Foundation is planning to upgrade MediaWiki (the software powering this wiki) to its latest version this month. You can help to test it before it is enabled, to avoid disruption and breakage. More information is available [[:mw:MediaWiki 1.19/Deployment announcement|in the full announcement]]. Thank you for your understanding. [[:m:user:guillom|Guillaume Paumier]], via the [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery system]] <small>([[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|wrong page? You can fix it.]])</small>. ម៉ោង១៥:០៧ ថ្ងៃអាទិត្យ ទី១២ ខែកុម្ភៈ ឆ្នាំ២០១២ (UTC) <!-- EdwardsBot 0154 --> == Update on IPv6 == [[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]] (Apologies if this message isn't in your language. Please consider translating it, as well as '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/IPv6 initiative/2012 IPv6 Day announcement|the full version of this announcement on Meta]]''') The Wikimedia Foundation is planning to do limited testing of IPv6 on June 2-3. If there are not too many problems, we may fully enable IPv6 on [http://www.worldipv6day.org/ World IPv6 day] (June 6), and keep it enabled. What this means for your project: *At least on June 2-3, 2012, you may see a small number of edits from IPv6 addresses, which are in the form "<code>2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334</code>". See e.g. [[w:en:IPv6 address]]. These addresses should behave like any other IP address: You can leave messages on their talk pages; you can track their contributions; you can block them. (See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IPv6 initiative/2012 IPv6 Day announcement|the full version of this announcement]] for notes on range blocks.) *In the mid term, some user scripts and tools will need to be adapted for IPv6. *We suspect that IPv6 usage is going to be very low initially, meaning that abuse should be manageable, and we will assist in the monitoring of the situation. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IPv6 initiative/2012 IPv6 Day announcement|the full version of this announcement]] on how to test the behavior of IPv6 with various tools and how to leave bug reports, and to find a fuller analysis of the implications of the IPv6 migration. --[[m:User:Eloquence|Erik Möller, VP of Engineering and Product Development, Wikimedia Foundation]] ម៉ោង០១:០៨ ថ្ងៃសៅរ៍ ទី០២ ខែមិថុនា ឆ្នាំ២០១២ (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0201 --> == 2011 Picture of the Year competition == <small>[[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Translations/mk|{{#language:mk}}]] • [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Translations/no|{{#language:no}}]] • [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Translations/pl|{{#language:pl}}]]</small> Dear Wikimedians, Wikimedia Commons is happy to announce that the ''2011 Picture of the Year competition'' is now open. We are interested in your opinion as to which images qualify to be the ''Picture of the Year 2011''. Any user registered at Commons or a Wikimedia wiki SUL-related to Commons [//toolserver.org/~pathoschild/accounteligibility/?user=&wiki=&event=24 with more than 75 edits before 1 April 2012 (UTC)] is welcome to vote and, of course everyone is welcome to view! Detailed information about the contest can be found [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Introduction|at the introductory page]]. About 600 of the best of Wikimedia Common's photos, animations, movies and graphics were chosen &ndash;by the international Wikimedia Commons community&ndash; out of 12 million files during ''2011'' and are now called ''Featured Pictures''. From professional animal and plant shots to breathtaking panoramas and skylines, restorations of historically relevant images, images portraying the world's best architecture, maps, emblems, diagrams created with the most modern technology, and impressive human portraits, Commons ''Features Pictures'' of all flavors. For your convenience, we have sorted the images [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Galleries|into topic categories]]. We regret that you receive this message in English; we intended to use banners to notify you in your native language but there was both, human and technical resistance. See you on Commons! --[[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Committee|Picture of the Year 2011 Committee]] ម៉ោង១៨:២៦ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី០៥ ខែមិថុនា ឆ្នាំ២០១២ (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0205 --> == Help decide about more than $10 million of Wikimedia donations in the coming year == [[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]] ''(Apologies if this message isn't in your language. Please consider translating it)'' Hi, As many of you are aware, the Wikimedia Board of Trustees recently initiated important changes in the way that money is being distributed within the Wikimedia movement. As part of this, a new community-led "[[m:Funds_Dissemination_Committee/Framework_for_the_Creation_and_Initial_Operation_of_the_FDC|Funds Dissemination Committee]]" (FDC) is currently being set up. Already in 2012-13, its recommendations will guide the decisions about the distribution of over 10 million US dollars among the Foundation, chapters and other [[m:Funds_Dissemination_Committee/Framework_for_the_Creation_and_Initial_Operation_of_the_FDC#Eligible_fund-seeking_entities|eligible entities]]. Now, seven capable, knowledgeable and trustworthy community members are sought to volunteer on the initial Funds Dissemination Committee. It is expected to take up its work in September. In addition, a community member is sought to be the [[m:Funds_Dissemination_Committee/Framework_for_the_Creation_and_Initial_Operation_of_the_FDC#FDC_Ombudsperson|Ombudsperson]] for the FDC process. If you are interested in joining the committee, read the [[m:Funds Dissemination Committee/Call for Volunteers|call for volunteers]]. Nominations are planned to close on August 15. --[[m:User:ASengupta_(WMF)|Anasuya Sengupta]], Director of Global Learning and Grantmaking, Wikimedia Foundation ម៉ោង២០:១២ ថៃ្ងព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី១៩ ខែកក្កដា ឆ្នាំ២០១២ (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0223 --> == More opportunities for you to access free research databases == The quest to get editors free access to the sources they need is gaining momentum. * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Credo|Credo Reference]]''' provides full-text online versions of nearly 1200 published reference works from more than 70 publishers in every major subject, including general and subject dictionaries and encyclopedias. There are '''125''' full Credo 350 accounts available, with access even to 100 more references works than in Credo's original donation. All you need is a 1-year old account with 1000 edits. Sign up [[w:en:Wikipedia:Credo#Sign-up sheet|here]]. * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:HighBeam|HighBeam Research]]''' has access to over 80 million articles from 6,500 publications including newspapers, magazines, academic journals, newswires, trade magazines and encyclopedias. Thousands of new articles are added daily, and archives date back over 25 years covering a wide range of subjects and industries. There are '''250''' full access 1-year accounts available. All you need is a 1-year old account with 1000 edits. Sign up [[w:en:Wikipedia:HighBeam/Applications|here]]. * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Questia|Questia]]''' is an online research library for books and journal articles focusing on the humanities and social sciences. Questia has curated titles from over 300 trusted publishers including 77,000 full-text books and 4 million journal, magazine, and newspaper articles, as well as encyclopedia entries. There will soon be '''1000''' full access 1-year accounts available. All you need is a 1-year old account with 1000 edits. Sign up [[w:en:Wikipedia:Questia#Apply here: Round 1|here]]. You might also be interested in the idea to create a central '''Wikipedia Library''' where approved editors would have access to ''all'' participating resource donors. Add your feedback to the [[m:Wikimedia Fellowships/Project Ideas/The Wikipedia Library|Community Fellowship proposal]]. Apologies for the English message ([http://translate.google.com/ translate here]). Go sign up :) --[[w:en:User:Ocaasi|Ocaasi]] ([[w:en:User talk:Ocaasi|talk]]) ម៉ោង០២:១៧ ថៃ្ងព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី១៦ ខែសីហា ឆ្នាំ២០១២ (UTC) <!-- EdwardsBot 0232 --> == Request for Comment: Legal Fees Assistance Program == [[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]] ''I apologize for addressing you in English. I would be grateful if you could translate this message into your language.'' The Wikimedia Foundation is conducting a [[:m:Request_for_comment/Legal_Fees_Assistance_Program|request for comment]] on a [[:m:Legal_and_Community_Advocacy/Legal_Fees_Assistance_Program|proposed program]] that could provide legal assistance to users in specific support roles who are named in a legal complaint as a defendant because of those roles. We wanted to be sure that your community was aware of this discussion and would have a chance to participate in [[:m:Request_for_comment/Legal_Fees_Assistance_Program|that discussion]]. If this page is not the best place to publicize this request for comment, please help spread the word to those who may be interested in participating. (If you'd like to help translating the "request for comment", program policy or other pages into your language and don't know how the translation system works, please come by my user talk page at [[:m:User talk:Mdennis (WMF)]]. I'll be happy to assist or to connect you with a volunteer who can assist.) Thank you! --[[:m:User:Mdennis (WMF)|Mdennis (WMF)]]ម៉ោង០២:០១ ថៃ្ងព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី០៦ ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ២០១២ (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0245 --> == Wikidata is getting close to a first roll-out == [[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]] (Apologies if this message isn't in your language.) As some of you might already have heard Wikimedia Deutschland is working on a new Wikimedia project. It is called [[m:Wikidata]]. The goal of Wikidata is to become a central data repository for the Wikipedias, its sister projects and the world. In the future it will hold data like the number of inhabitants of a country, the date of birth of a famous person or the length of a river. These can then be used in all Wikimedia projects and outside of them. The project is divided into three phases and "we are getting close to roll-out the first phase". The phases are: # language links in the Wikipedias (making it possible to store the links between the language editions of an article just once in Wikidata instead of in each linked article) # infoboxes (making it possible to store the data that is currently in infoboxes in one central place and share the data) # lists (making it possible to create lists and similar things based on queries to Wikidata so they update automatically when new data is added or modified) It'd be great if you could join us, test the [http://wikidata-test.wikimedia.de demo version], provide feedback and take part in the development of Wikidata. You can find all the relevant information including an [[m:Wikidata/FAQ|FAQ]] and sign-up links for our on-wiki newsletter on [[m:Wikidata|the Wikidata page on Meta]]. For further discussions please use [[m:Talk:Wikidata|this talk page]] (if you are uncomfortable writing in English you can also write in your native language there) or point [[m:User_talk:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|me]] to the place where your discussion is happening so I can answer there. --[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] ម៉ោង១៣:២៦ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី១០ ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ២០១២ (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0248 --> == Upcoming software changes - please report any problems == [[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]] <div dir=ltr> ''(Apologies if this message isn't in your language. Please consider translating it)'' All Wikimedia wikis - including this one - will soon be upgraded with new and possibly disruptive code. This process starts today and finishes on October 24 (see the [[mw:MediaWiki_1.21/Roadmap|upgrade schedule]] & [[mw:MediaWiki 1.21/wmf2|code details]]). Please watch for problems with: * revision diffs * templates * CSS and JavaScript pages (like user scripts) * bots * PDF export * images, video, and sound, especially scaling sizes * the CologneBlue skin If you notice any problems, please [[mw:How to report a bug|report problems]] at [[mw:Bugzilla|our defect tracker site]]. You can test for possible problems at [https://test2.wikipedia.org test2.wikipedia.org] and [https://mediawiki.org/ mediawiki.org], which have already been updated. Thanks! With your help we can find problems fast and get them fixed faster. [[mw:User:Sharihareswara (WMF)|Sumana Harihareswara, Wikimedia Foundation Engineering Community Manager]] ([[mw:User talk:Sharihareswara (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង០៣:០១ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី១៦ ខែតុលា ឆ្នាំ២០១២ (UTC) P.S.: For the regular, smaller MediaWiki updates every two weeks, please [[mw:MediaWiki_1.21/Roadmap|watch this schedule]]. <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0278 --> == Fundraising localization: volunteers from outside the USA needed == ''Please translate for your local community'' Hello All, The Wikimedia Foundation's Fundraising team have begun our 'User Experience' project, with the goal of understanding the donation experience in different countries outside the USA and enhancing the localization of our donation pages. I am searching for volunteers to spend 30 minutes on a Skype chat with me, reviewing their own country's donation pages. It will be done on a 'usability' format (I will ask you to read the text and go through the donation flow) and will be asking your feedback in the meanwhile. The only pre-requisite is for the volunteer to actually live in the country and to have access to at least one donation method that we offer for that country (mainly credit/debit card, but also real-time banking like IDEAL, E-wallets, etc...) so we can do a live test and see if the donation goes through. ''All volunteers will be reimbursed of the donations that eventually succeed'' (and they will be low amounts, like 1-2 dollars) By helping us you are actually helping thousands of people to support our mission of free knowledge across the world. Please sing up and help us with our 'User Experience' project! :) If you are interested (or know of anyone who could be) please email ppena@wikimedia.org. All countries needed (excepting USA)! Thanks!<br /> [[wmf:User:Ppena|Pats Pena]]<br /> Global Fundraising Operations Manager, Wikimedia Foundation Sent using [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]], ម៉ោង១៧:០៧ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី១៧ ខែតុលា ឆ្នាំ២០១២ (UTC) <!-- EdwardsBot 0280 --> == Be a Wikimedia fundraising "User Experience" volunteer! == Thank you to everyone who volunteered last year on the Wikimedia fundraising 'User Experience' project. We have talked to many different people in different countries and their feedback has helped us immensely in restructuring our pages. If you haven't heard of it yet, the 'User Experience' project has the goal of understanding the donation experience in different countries (outside the USA) and enhancing the localization of our donation pages. I am (still) searching for volunteers to spend some time on a Skype chat with me, reviewing their own country's donation pages. It will be done on a 'usability' format (I will ask you to read the text and go through the donation flow) and will be asking your feedback in the meanwhile. The only pre-requisite is for the volunteer to actually live in the country and to have access to at least one donation method that we offer for that country (mainly credit/debit card, but also real time banking like IDEAL, E-wallets, etc...) so we can do a live test and see if the donation goes through. **All volunteers will be reimbursed of the donations that eventually succeed (and they will be very low amounts, like 1-2 dollars)** By helping us you are actually helping thousands of people to support our mission of free knowledge across the world. If you are interested (or know of anyone who could be) please email ppena@wikimedia.org. All countries needed (excepting USA)!! Thanks! [[m:User:Ppena (WMF)|Pats Pena]]<br/> Global Fundraising Operations Manager, Wikimedia Foundation : Sent using [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]], ម៉ោង២១:០២ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី០៨ ខែមករា ឆ្នាំ២០១៣ (UTC) <!-- EdwardsBot 331 --> == Wikimedia sites to move to primary data center in Ashburn, Virginia. Read-only mode expected. == (Apologies if this message isn't in your language.) Next week, the Wikimedia Foundation will transition its main technical operations to a new data center in Ashburn, Virginia, USA. This is intended to improve the technical performance and reliability of all Wikimedia sites, including this wiki. There will be some times when the site will be in read-only mode, and there may be full outages; the current target windows for the migration are January 22nd, 23rd and 24th, 2013, from 17:00 to 01:00 UTC (see [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?msg=Wikimedia+data+center+migration&iso=20130122T17&ah=8 other timezones] on timeanddate.com). More information is available [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/01/19/wikimedia-sites-move-to-primary-data-center-in-ashburn-virginia/ in the full announcement]. If you would like to stay informed of future technical upgrades, consider [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|becoming a Tech ambassador]] and [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikitech-ambassadors joining the ambassadors mailing list]. You will be able to help your fellow Wikimedians have a voice in technical discussions and be notified of important decisions. Thank you for your help and your understanding. [[:m:user:guillom|Guillaume Paumier]], via the [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery system]] <small>([[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|wrong page? You can fix it.]])</small>. ម៉ោង១៥:២៦ ថ្ងៃសៅរ៍ ទី១៩ ខែមករា ឆ្នាំ២០១៣ (UTC) <!-- EdwardsBot 0338 --> == Help turn ideas into grants in the new IdeaLab == <div class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]] ''I apologize if this message is not in your language. Please help translate it.'' *Do you have an idea for a project to improve this community or website? *Do you think you could complete your idea if only you had some funding? *Do you want to help other people turn their ideas into project plans or grant proposals? Please join us in the [[m:Grants:IdeaLab|IdeaLab]], an incubator for project ideas and Individual Engagement Grant proposals. The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking new ideas and proposals for Individual Engagement Grants. These grants fund individuals or small groups to complete projects that help improve this community. If interested, please submit a completed proposal by February 15, 2013. Please visit https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:IEG for more information. Thanks! --[[m:User:Sbouterse (WMF)|Siko Bouterse, Head of Individual Engagement Grants, Wikimedia Foundation]] ម៉ោង២០:៣៥ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី៣០ ខែមករា ឆ្នាំ២០១៣ (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Correct it here]].)</small> </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0344 --> == Wikidata phase 1 (language links) coming to this Wikipedia == [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] Sorry for writing in English. I hope someone can translate this locally. [[d:|Wikidata]] has been in development for a few months now. It is now time for the roll-out of the first part of it on your Wikipedia. Phase 1 is the support for the management of language links. It is already being used on the Hungarian, Hebrew, Italian and English Wikipedias. The next step is to enable the extension on all other Wikipedias. We have currently planned this for March 6. === What is Wikidata? === Wikidata is a central place to store data that you can usually find in infoboxes. Think of it as something like Wikimedia Commons but for data (like the number of inhabitants of a country or the length of a river) instead of multimedia. The first part of this project (centralizing language links) is being rolled out now. The more fancy things will follow later. === What is going to happen? === Language links in the sidebar are going to come from Wikidata in addition to the ones in the wiki text. To edit them, scroll to the bottom of the language links, and click edit. You no longer need to maintain these links by hand in the wiki text of the article. === Where can I find more information and ask questions? === Editors on en:wp have created a [[:en:Wikipedia:Wikidata|great page with all the necessary information for editors]] and there is also an [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|FAQ for this deployment]]. Please ask questions you might have on [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|the FAQ’s discussion page]]. === I want to be kept up to date about Wikidata === To stay up-to-date on everything happening around Wikidata please [[meta:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|subscribe]] to the newsletter that is delivered weekly to subscribed user’s talk pages. You can see previous editions [[meta:Wikidata/Newsletter/Archive|here]]. --[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] ម៉ោង១៦:០៩ ថៃ្ងព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី២១ ខែកុម្ភៈ ឆ្នាំ២០១៣ (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0366 --> == Wikidata phase 1 (language links) live on this Wikipedia == [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] Sorry for writing in English. I hope someone can translate this locally. If you understand German better than English you can have a look at the announcement on [[:de:Wikipedia:Kurier]]. As I annonced 2 weeks ago, [[d:|Wikidata]] phase 1 (language links) has been deployed here today. Language links in the sidebar are coming from Wikidata in addition to the ones in the wiki text. To edit them, scroll to the bottom of the language links, and click edit. You no longer need to maintain these links by hand in the wiki text of the article. '''Where can I find more information and ask questions?''' Editors on en:wp have created a [[:en:Wikipedia:Wikidata|great page with all the necessary information for editors]] and there is also an [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|FAQ for this deployment]]. It'd be great if you could bring this to this wiki if that has not already happened. Please ask questions you might have on [[meta:Talk:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|the FAQ’s discussion page]]. '''I want to be kept up to date about Wikidata''' To stay up-to-date on everything happening around Wikidata please [[meta:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|subscribe]] to the newsletter that is delivered weekly to subscribed user’s talk pages. --[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] ម៉ោង២៣:០១ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី០៦ ខែមីនា ឆ្នាំ២០១៣ (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0373 --> == Convert complex templates to Lua to make them faster and more powerful == <small>(Please consider translating this message for the benefit of your fellow Wikimedians)</small> Greetings. As you might have seen on the [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/03/11/lua-templates-faster-more-flexible-pages/ Wikimedia tech blog] or the [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2013-March/000171.html tech ambassadors list], a new functionality called "Lua" is being enabled on all Wikimedia sites today. [[mw:Lua|Lua]] is a scripting language that enables you to write faster and more powerful MediaWiki templates. If you have questions about how to convert existing templates to Lua (or how to create new ones), we'll be holding two support sessions on IRC next week: [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=02&min=00&sec=0&day=20&month=03&year=2013 one on Wednesday] (for Oceania, Asia & America) and [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=18&min=00&sec=0&day=22&month=03&year=2013 one on Friday] (for Europe, Africa & America); see [[m:IRC office hours]] for the details. If you can't make it, you can also get help at [[mw:Talk:Lua scripting]]. If you'd like to learn about this kind of events earlier in advance, consider becoming a [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|Tech ambassador]] by subscribing to the [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikitech-ambassadors mailing list]. You will also be able to help your fellow Wikimedians have a voice in technical discussions and be notified of important decisions. [[:m:user:guillom|Guillaume Paumier]], via the [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery system]]. ម៉ោង២០:០៣ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី១៣ ខែមីនា ឆ្នាំ២០១៣ (UTC) <small>([[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|wrong page? You can fix it.]])</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0379 --> == Wikidata phase 2 (infoboxes) coming to this Wikipedia == [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] Sorry for writing in English. I hope someone can translate this. If you understand German better than English you can have a look at the announcement on [[:de:Wikipedia:Kurier]]. A while ago the first phase of [[d:|Wikidata]] was enabled on this Wikipedia. This means you are getting the language links in each article from Wikidata. It is soon time to enable the second phase of Wikidata (infoboxes) here. We have already done this on the [[http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/03/27/you-can-have-all-the-data/ first 11 Wikipedias]] (it, he, hu, ru, tr, uk, uz, hr, bs, sr, sh) and things are looking good. The next step is English Wikipedia. This is planned for April 8. '''If everything works out fine we will deploy on all remaining Wikipedias on April 10.''' I will update [[m:Wikidata/Deployment Questions#When_will_this_be_deployed_on_my_Wikipedia.3F|this part of the FAQ]] if there are any issues forcing us to change this date. I will also sent another note to this village pump once the deployment is finished. '''What will happen once we have phase 2 enabled here?''' Once it is enabled in a few days you will be able to make use of the structured data that is available on Wikidata in your articles/infoboxes. It includes things like the symbol for a chemical element, the ISBN for a book or the top level domain of a country. (None of this will happen automatically. Someone will have to change the article or infobox template for this to happen!) '''How will this work?''' There are two ways to access the data: * Use a parser function like <nowiki>{{#property:p169}}</nowiki> in the wiki text of the article on Yahoo!. This will return “[[d:Q14086|Marissa Mayer]]” as she is the [[d:Property:P169|chief executive officer]] of the [[d:Q37093|company]]. * For more complicated things you can use Lua. The documentation for this is [[mw:Extension:WikibaseClient/Lua|here]]. We are working on expanding the parser function so you can for example use <nowiki>{{#property:chief executive officer}}</nowiki> instead of <nowiki>{{#property:p169}}</nowiki>. The complete plan for this is [[meta:Wikidata/Notes/Inclusion syntax|here]]. '''Where can I test this?''' You can already test it on [http://test2.wikipedia.org test2]. '''Where can I find more information and ask questions?''' We have collected the main questions in an [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|FAQ for this deployment]]. Please ask questions you might have on [[meta:Talk:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|the FAQ’s discussion page]]. '''I want to be kept up to date about Wikidata''' To stay up-to-date on everything happening around Wikidata please [[meta:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|subscribe]] to the newsletter that is delivered weekly to subscribed user’s talk pages. --[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] ម៉ោង១៧:០១ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី០៥ ខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ២០១៣ (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0399 --> == [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|Request for comment on inactive administrators]] == <small>(Please consider translating this message for the benefit of your fellow Wikimedians. Please also consider translating [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Summary|the proposal]].)</small> <small>[[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message|Read this message in English]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/ast|Lleer esti mensaxe n'asturianu]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/bn|বাংলায় এই বার্তাটি পড়ুন]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/ca|Llegiu aquest missatge en català]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/da|Læs denne besked på dansk]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/de|Lies diese Nachricht auf Deutsch]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/egl|Leś cal mesag' chè in Emiliàn]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/es|Leer este mensaje en español]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/fi|Lue tämä viesti suomeksi]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/fr|Lire ce message en français]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/gl|Ler esta mensaxe en galego]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/hi|हिन्दी]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/hr|Pročitajte ovu poruku na hrvatskom]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/id|Baca pesan ini dalam Bahasa Indonesia]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/it|Leggi questo messaggio in italiano]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/kn|ಈ ಸಂದೇಶವನ್ನು ಕನ್ನಡದಲ್ಲಿ ಓದಿ]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/mt|Aqra dan il-messaġġ bil-Malti]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/nb|norsk (bokmål)]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/nl|Lees dit bericht in het Nederlands]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/pl|Przeczytaj tę wiadomość po polsku]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/ro|Citiți acest mesaj în română]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/ru|Прочитать это сообщение на русском]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/so|Farriintaan ku aqri Af-Soomaali]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/sr|Pročitaj ovu poruku na srpskom (Прочитај ову поруку на српском)]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/th|อ่านข้อความนี้ในภาษาไทย]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/uk|Прочитати це повідомлення українською мовою]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/vi|Đọc thông báo bằng tiếng Việt]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/zh|使用中文阅读本信息。]]</small> Hello! There is [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|a new request for comment]] on Meta-Wiki concerning the removal of administrative rights from long-term inactive Wikimedians. Generally, this proposal from stewards would apply to wikis without an administrators' review process. We are also compiling a [[m:Talk:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|list of projects]] with procedures for removing inactive administrators on the talk page of the request for comment. Feel free to add your project(s) to the list if you have a policy on administrator inactivity. All input is appreciated. The discussion may close as soon as 21 May 2013 (2013-05-21), but this will be extended if needed. Thanks, [[m:User:Billinghurst|Billinghurst]] <small>(thanks to all the [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message|translators]]!)</small> ម៉ោង០៤:៥៤ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី២៤ ខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ២០១៣ (UTC) :<small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|You can fix it]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0430 --> == Wikidata phase 2 (infoboxes) is here == [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] Sorry for writing in English. I hope someone can translate this. If you understand German better than English you can have a look at the announcement on [[:de:Wikipedia:Kurier]]. A while ago the first phase of [[d:|Wikidata]] was enabled on this Wikipedia. This means you are getting the language links in each article from Wikidata. We have now enabled the second phase of Wikidata (infoboxes) here. We have already done this on the [[http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/03/27/you-can-have-all-the-data/ first 11 Wikipedias]] (it, he, hu, ru, tr, uk, uz, hr, bs, sr, sh) a month ago and [http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/04/22/and-that-makes-12/ two days ago on the English Wikipedia]. Today all the remaining Wikipedias followed. '''What does having phase 2 enabled here mean?''' You are now able to make use of the structured data that is available on Wikidata in your articles/infoboxes. It includes things like the symbol for a chemical element, the ISBN for a book or the top level domain of a country. (None of this will happen automatically. Someone will have to change the article or infobox template for this to happen!) The current state is just the beginning though. It will be extended based on feedback we get from you now. '''How will this work?''' There are two ways to access the data: * Use a parser function like <nowiki>{{#property:p159}}</nowiki> in the wiki text of the article on Wikimedia Foundation. This will return “[[d:Q62|San Francisco]]” as that is the [[d:Property:P159|headquarter location]] of the [[d:180|non-profit]]. * For more complicated things you can use Lua. The documentation for this is [[mw:Extension:WikibaseClient/Lua|here]]. We are working on expanding the parser function so you can for example use <nowiki>{{#property:headquarter location}}</nowiki> instead of <nowiki>{{#property:p159}}</nowiki>. The complete plan for this is [[meta:Wikidata/Notes/Inclusion syntax|here]]. '''Where can I test this?''' You can test it on [http://test2.wikipedia.org test2] if you don't want to do it in an article here. '''Where can I find more information and ask questions?''' We have collected the main questions in an [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|FAQ for this deployment]]. Please ask questions you might have on [[meta:Talk:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|the FAQ’s discussion page]]. '''I want to be kept up to date about Wikidata''' To stay up-to-date on everything happening around Wikidata please [[meta:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|subscribe]] to the newsletter that is delivered weekly to subscribed user’s talk pages. We are excited about taking yet another step towards allowing all Wikipedias share structured data and collect and curate it together. --[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] ម៉ោង១៩:១១ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី២៤ ខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ២០១៣ (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0431 --> == [en] Change to wiki account system and account renaming == <div class="mw-content-ltr"> Some accounts will soon be renamed due to a technical change that the developer team at Wikimedia are making. [[m:Single User Login finalisation announcement|More details on Meta]]. <small>(Distributed via [[m:global message delivery|global message delivery]] ម៉ោង០៣:៤៩ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី៣០ ខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ២០១៣ (UTC). Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Correct it here]].)</small> </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0437 --> == [en] Change to section edit links == <div class="mw-content-ltr"> The default position of the "edit" link in page section headers is going to change soon. The "edit" link will be positioned adjacent to the page header text rather than floating opposite it. Section edit links will be to the immediate right of section titles, instead of on the far right. If you're an editor of one of the wikis which already implemented this change, nothing will substantially change for you; however, scripts and gadgets depending on the previous implementation of section edit links will have to be adjusted to continue working; however, nothing else should break even if they are not updated in time. [[m:Change to section edit links|Detailed information and a timeline]] is available on meta. Ideas to do this all the way to 2009 at least. It is often difficult to track which of several potential section edit links on the far right is associated with the correct section, and many readers and anonymous or new editors may even be failing to notice section edit links at all, since they read section titles, which are far away from the links. <small>(Distributed via [[m:global message delivery|global message delivery]] ម៉ោង១៨:៣៩ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី៣០ ខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ២០១៣ (UTC). Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Correct it here]].)</small> </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0438 --> == Tech newsletter: Subscribe to receive the next editions == <div style="width:auto; padding: 1em; background:#fdf6e3;" class="plainlinks" ><big>Latest '''[[m:Tech/News|<span style="color:#268bd2;">Tech news</span>]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community.</big> ''Please inform other users about these changes.''</div> <div style="width:auto; padding: 1em; border: 2px solid #fdf6e3;" class="plainlinks" > ;Recent software changes: ''(Not all changes will affect you.)'' * The latest version of MediaWiki (version [[mw:MediaWiki 1.22/wmf4|1.22/wmf4]]) was added to non-Wikipedia wikis on May 13, and to the English Wikipedia (with a Wikidata software update) on May 20. It will be updated on all other Wikipedia sites on May 22. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commitdiff;h=ed976cf0c14fa3632fd10d9300bb646bfd6fe751;hp=c6c7bb1e5caaddf7325de9eef0e7bf85bcf5cc35] [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html] * A software update will perhaps result in temporary issues with images. Please [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|report any problems]] you notice. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html] * MediaWiki recognizes links in twelve new [[:w:en:URI scheme|schemes]]. Users can now link to [[:w:en:SSH|SSH]], [[:w:en:XMPP|XMPP]] and [[:w:en:Bitcoin|Bitcoin]] directly from wikicode. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=mediawiki/core.git;a=commitdiff;h=a89d623302b5027dbb2d06941a22372948757685] * VisualEditor was added to [[bugzilla:48430|all content namespaces]] on mediawiki.org on May 20. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html] * A new extension ("TemplateData") was added to all Wikipedia sites on May 20. It will allow a future version of VisualEditor to [[bugzilla:44444|edit templates]]. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html] * New sites: [[:voy:el:|Greek Wikivoyage]] and [[:wikt:vec:|Venetian Wiktionary]] joined the Wikimedia family last week; the total number of project wikis is now 794. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commit;h=5d7536b403730bb502580e21243f923c3b79da0e] [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commit;h=43c9eebdfc976333be5c890439ba1fae3bef46f7] * The logo of 18 Wikipedias was changed to [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_logos#The_May_2010_logo|version 2.0]] in a [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2013-May/125999.html third group of updates]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commitdiff;h=4688adbe467440eea318eecf04839fdd9ffa0565] * The [[:commons:Special:UploadWizard|UploadWizard]] on Commons now shows links to the old upload form in 55 languages ([[:bugzilla:33513|bug 33513]]). [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commit;h=4197fa18a22660296d0e5b84820d5ebb4cef46d4] ;Future software changes: * The next version of MediaWiki (version 1.22/wmf5) will be added to Wikimedia sites starting on May 27. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html] * An updated version of [[mw:Echo (Notifications)|Notifications]], with new features and fewer bugs, will be added to the English Wikipedia on May 23. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Single User Login finalisation announcement|final version]] of the "single user login" (which allows people to use the same username on different Wikimedia wikis) is moved to August 2013. The software will [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2013-April/000217.html automatically rename] some usernames. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2013-May/000233.html] * A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flow|new discussion system]] for MediaWiki, called "Flow", is under development. Wikimedia designers need your help to inform other users, [http://unicorn.wmflabs.org/flow/ test the prototype] and discuss the interface. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069433.html]. * The Wikimedia Foundation is hiring people to act as links between software developers and users for VisualEditor. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2013-May/000245.html] </div> <div style="font-size:90%; font-style:italic; background:#fdf6e3; padding:1em;">'''[[m:Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|tech ambassadors]] and posted by [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] • [[m:Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Tech/News/2013/21|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Unsubscribe]] • ម៉ោង២០:៤៩ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី២០ ខែឧសភា ឆ្នាំ២០១៣ (UTC) </div> <div style="float:left; background:#eee8d5; border: .2em solid #dc322f; border-left: .7em solid #dc322f; padding: 1em; "><span style="color:#dc322f;font-weight:bold;">Important note:</span> This is the first edition of the [[m:Tech/News|Tech News]] weekly summaries, which help you monitor recent software changes likely to impact you and your fellow Wikimedians. '''If you want to continue to receive the next issues every week''', please '''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|subscribe to the newsletter]]'''. You can subscribe your personal talk page and a community page like this one. The newsletter can be [[m:Tech/News/2013/21|translated into your language]]. You can also [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|become a tech ambassador]], [[m:Tech/News|help us write the next newsletter]] and [[m:Talk:Tech/News|tell us what to improve]]. Your feedback is greatly appreciated. [[m:user:guillom|guillom]] ម៉ោង២០:៤៩ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី២០ ខែឧសភា ឆ្នាំ២០១៣ (UTC)</div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0455 --> == Trademark discussion == Hi, apologies for posting this in English, but I wanted to alert your community to a discussion on Meta about potential changes to the Wikimedia Trademark Policy. Please translate this statement if you can. We hope that you will all participate in the discussion; we also welcome translations of the legal team’s statement into as many languages as possible and encourage you to voice your thoughts there. Please see the [[:m:Trademark practices discussion|Trademark practices discussion (on Meta-Wiki)]] for more information. Thank you! --[[:m:User:Mdennis_(WMF)|Mdennis (WMF)]] ([[:m:User talk:Mdennis_(WMF)|talk]]) <!-- EdwardsBot 0473 --> == Free Research Accounts from Leading Medical Publisher. Come and Sign up! == [[:EN:W:TWL|The Wikipedia Library]] gets Wikipedia editors free access to reliable sources that are behind paywalls. I want to alert you to our latest donation. *'''[[Cochrane Collaboration]]''' is an independent medical nonprofit organization that conducts systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials of health-care interventions, which it then publishes in the Cochrane Library. *Cochrane has generously agreed to give ''free, full-access accounts to medical editors''. Individual access would otherwise cost between $300 and $800 per account. *'''If you are active as a medical editor, come and [[WP:COCHRANE|sign up :)]]''' Cheers, [[:EN:W:User:Ocaasi|Ocaasi]] ម៉ោង២១:០៩ ថ្ងៃអាទិត្យ ទី១៦ ខែមិថុនា ឆ្នាំ២០១៣ (UTC) <!-- EdwardsBot 0487 --> == Cochrane Library Sign-up (correct link) == My apologies for the incorrect link: You can sign up for '''[[:EN:W:Cochrane Collaboration|Cochrane Collaboration]]''' accounts at the [[:EN:W:WP:COCHRANE|COCHRANE sign-up page]]'''. Cheers, [[:EN:W:User:Ocaasi|Ocaasi]] ម៉ោង២១:៤៣ ថ្ងៃអាទិត្យ ទី១៦ ខែមិថុនា ឆ្នាំ២០១៣ (UTC) <!-- EdwardsBot 0488 --> == [[:m:Requests_for_comment/X!'s_Edit_Counter|X!'s Edit Counter]] == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <small>(Sorry for writing in English. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Requests_for_comment/X!%27s_Edit_Counter/Summary|translate the proposal]].)</small> Should [[tools:~tparis/pcount|X!'s edit counter]] retain the opt-in requirement? Your input is strongly encouraged. [[:m:Requests_for_comment/X!'s_Edit_Counter|Voice your input here]].——[[:m:w:User:Cyberpower678|<span style="color:green;font-family:Neuropol">cyberpower]] [[:m:w:User talk:Cyberpower678|<sup style="color:purple;font-family:arnprior">Chat]]<sub style="margin-left:-4.4ex;color:purple;font-family:arnprior">Automation</sub> ម៉ោង០៤:៤០ ថ្ងៃអាទិត្យ ទី២៣ ខែមិថុនា ឆ្នាំ២០១៣ (UTC) :<small>Distributed via [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0505 --> == Universal Language Selector will be enabled on 2013-07-09 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> On July 9, 2013, [[mw:Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) will be enabled on this wiki. The ULS provides a flexible way to configure and deliver language settings like interface language, fonts, and input methods (keyboard mappings). Making it available here is the last phase of making ULS available on all Wikimedia wikis. Please read the announcement on [[m:Announcement Universal Language Selector|Meta-Wiki]] for more information. [[m:User_talk:Siebrand|Siebrand]] ម៉ោង១២:៣៩ ថៃ្ងព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី០៤ ខែកក្កដា ឆ្នាំ២០១៣ (UTC) <small>(via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]).</small> </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0515 --> == Pywikipedia is migrating to git == Hello, Sorry for English but It's very important for bot operators so I hope someone translates this. [[mw:PWB|Pywikipedia]] is migrating to Git so after July 26, SVN checkouts won't be updated If you're using Pywikipedia you have to switch to git, otherwise you will use out-dated framework and your bot might not work properly. There is a [[mw:Manual:Pywikipediabot/Gerrit|manual]] for doing that and a [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/07/21/pywikipediabot-moving-to-git-on-july-26/ blog post] explaining about this change in non-technical language. If you have question feel free to ask in [[mw:Manual talk:Pywikipediabot/Gerrit]], [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/pywikipedia-l mailing list], or in the [irc://irc.freenode.net/#pywikipediabot IRC channel]. Best [[mw:User:Ladsgroup|Amir]] <small>(via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]).</small> ម៉ោង១៣:២៦ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី២៣ ខែកក្កដា ឆ្នាំ២០១៣ (UTC) <!-- EdwardsBot 0534 --> == VisualEditor and your Wikipedia == ''(Please translate this message)'' Greetings, The Wikimedia Foundation will soon turn on [[mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] for all users, all the time on your Wikipedia. Right now your Wikipedia does not have any local documents on VisualEditor, and we hope that your community can change that. To find out about how you can help with translations visit the [[mw:VisualEditor/TranslationCentral|TranslationCentral for VisualEditor]] and read the easy instructions on [[mw:VisualEditor/Portal/Localization|bringing information to your Wikipedia]]. The [[mw:Help:VisualEditor/User_guide|User Guide]] and the [[mw:Help:VisualEditor/FAQ|FAQ]] are very important to have in your language. We want to find out as much as we can from you about VisualEditor and how it helps your Wikipedia, and having local pages is a great way to start. We also encourage you to [[mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|leave feedback on Mediawiki]] where the community can offer ideas, opinions, and point out bugs that may still exist in the software that need to be reported to [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/describecomponents.cgi?product=VisualEditor Bugzilla]. If you are able to speak for the concerns of others in English on MediaWiki or locally I encourage you to help your community to be represented in this process. If you can help translate the user interface for VisualEditor to your language, you can help with that as well. [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&x=D&group=ext-visualeditor#sortable:3=desc Translatewiki] has open tasks for translating VisualEditor. A direct link to translate the user interface is [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translate?filter=!translated&action=translate&group=ext-visualeditor here]. You can see how we are doing with those translations [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&x=D&group=ext-visualeditor#sortable:3=desc here]. You need an account on Translatewiki to translate. This account is free and easy to create. If we can help your community in any way with this process, please let me know and I will do my best to assist your Wikipedia with this |exciting development. You can contact me on my [[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|meta talk page]] or by [[Special:EmailUser/Keegan (WMF)|email]]. You can also contact [[mw:User_talk:PEarley_(WMF)|Patrick Earley]] for help with translations and documents on Mediawiki. We look forward to working with you to bring the VisualEditor experience to your Wikipedia! [[:m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[:m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង១៩:០៥ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី៣០ ខែកក្កដា ឆ្នាំ២០១៣ (UTC) :<small>Distributed via [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0549 --> == HTTPS for users with an account == Greetings. Starting on August 21 (tomorrow), all users with an account will be using [[m:w:en:HTTPS|HTTPS]] to access Wikimedia sites. HTTPS brings better security and improves your privacy. More information is available at [[m:HTTPS]]. If HTTPS causes problems for you, tell us [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org on bugzilla], [[m:IRC|on IRC]] (in the <code>#wikimedia-operations</code> channel) or [[m:Talk:HTTPS|on meta]]. If you can't use the other methods, you can also send an e-mail to <code>https@wikimedia.org</code>. [[m:User:Greg (WMF)|Greg Grossmeier]] <small>(via the [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] system)</small>. ម៉ោង១៩:១៩ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី២០ ខែសីហា ឆ្នាំ២០១៣ (UTC) <small>(wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|You can fix it.]])</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0560 --> == [[:m:Community Logo/Request for consultation|Request for consultation on community logo]] == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikimedia Community Logo.svg|thumb|Request for consultation on this community logo]] First, I’d like to apologize for the English. If you can, please help to translate this for other members of your community. The legal team at the Wikimedia Foundation would greatly appreciate your input on the best way to manage the "community logo" (pictured here) to best balance protection of the projects with community support. Accordingly, they have created a “request for consultation” on Meta where they set out briefly some of the issues to be considered and the options that they perceive. [[:m:Community Logo/Request for consultation|Your input would be invaluable]] in helping guide them in how best to serve our mission. Thank you! --[[m:User:Mdennis|Mdennis]] ([[m:User talk:Mdennis|talk]]) <small>(via the [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] system)</small>. ម៉ោង០២:៤៤ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី២៤ ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ២០១៣ (UTC) <small>(wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|You can fix it.]])</small> </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0590 --> == [[mw:Echo|Notifications]] == [[File:Notifications-Flyout-Screenshot-08-10-2013-Cropped.png|thumb|300px|Notifications inform you of new activity that affects you -- and let you take quick action.]] ''(This message is in English, please translate as needed)'' Greetings! [[mw:Echo|Notifications]] will inform users about new activity that affects them on this wiki in a unified way: for example, this new tool will let you know when you have new talk page messages, edit reverts, mentions or links -- and is designed to augment (rather than replace) the watchlist. The Wikimedia Foundation's editor engagement team developed this tool (code-named 'Echo') earlier this year, to help users contribute more productively to MediaWiki projects. We're now getting ready to bring Notifications to almost all other Wikimedia sites, and are aiming for a 22 October deployment, as outlined in [[mw:Echo/Release_Plan_2013|this release plan]]. It is important that notifications is translated for all of the languages we serve. There are three major points of translation needed to be either done or checked: *[https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&x=D&group=ext-echo#sortable:3=desc Echo on translatewiki for user interface] - you must have an account on translatewiki to translate *[https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&x=D&group=ext-thanks#sortable:3=desc Thanks on translatewiki for user interface] - you must have an account on translatewiki to translate *[[mw:Help:Notifications|Notifications help on mediawiki.org]]. This page can be hosted after translation on mediawiki.org or we can localize it to this Wikipedia. You do not have to have an account to translate on mediawiki, but single-user login will create it for you there if you follow the link. :*[[mw:Echo/Release Plan 2013#Checklist|Checklist]] Please let us know if you have any questions, suggestions or comments about this new tool. For more information, visit [[mw:Echo_(Notifications)|this project hub]] and [[mw:Help:Notifications|this help page]]. [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង១៨:៥០ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី០៤ ខែតុលា ឆ្នាំ២០១៣ (UTC) :<small>(via the [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] system) (wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|You can fix it.]])</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0597 --> == Speak up about the trademark registration of the Community logo. == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi all, Please join the consultation about the Community logo that represents Meta-Wiki: [[:m:Community Logo/Request for consultation]]. This community consultation was commenced on September 24. The following day, two individuals filed a legal opposition against the registration of the Community logo. The question is whether the Wikimedia Foundation should seek a collective membership mark with respect to this logo or abandon its registration and protection of the trademark. We want to make sure that everyone get a chance to speak up so that we can get clear direction from the community. We would therefore really appreciate the community's help in translating this announcement from English so that everyone is able to understand it. Thanks, [[m:User:Geoffbrigham|Geoff]] & [[m:User:YWelinder (WMF)|Yana]] ម៉ោង២០:២៥ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី០៨ ខែតុលា ឆ្នាំ២០១៣ (UTC) </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0601 --> == IMPORTANT: Admin activity review == ''(read translations of this message [[:m:Admin activity review/2013/Notice to communities|on Meta]])'' Hello. A new policy regarding the removal of "advanced rights" (administrator, bureaucrat, etc) was recently adopted by [[:m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|global community consensus]] (your community received a notice about the discussion). According to this policy, the [[:m:stewards|stewards]] are reviewing administrators' activity on smaller wikis. To the best of our knowledge, your wiki does not have a formal process for removing "advanced rights" from inactive accounts. This means that the stewards will take care of this according to the new [[:m:Admin activity review|admin activity review]] here. We have determined that the following users meet the inactivity criteria (no edits and no log actions for more than 2 years): *Phearahak (administrator, bureaucrat) *Thearith (administrator, bureaucrat) These users will receive a notification soon, asking them to start a community discussion if they want to retain some or all of their rights. If the users do not respond, then their advanced rights will be removed by the stewards. However, if you as a community would like to create your own activity review process superseding the global one, want to make another decision about these inactive rights holders, or already have a policy that we missed, then please notify the [[:m:Stewards' noticeboard|stewards on Meta-Wiki]] so that we know not to proceed with the rights review on your wiki. Thanks, --[[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MF-Warburg|MF-Warburg]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MF-Warburg|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង១៣:២៨ ថៃ្ងព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី១០ ខែតុលា ឆ្នាំ២០១៣ (UTC) == Introducting Beta Features == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''(Apologies for writing in English. Please translate if necessary)'' We would like to let you know about [[mw:About_Beta_Features|Beta Features]], a new program from the Wikimedia Foundation that lets you try out new features before they are released for everyone. Think of it as a digital laboratory where community members can preview upcoming software and give feedback to help improve them. This special preference page lets designers and engineers experiment with new features on a broad scale, but in a way that's not disruptive. Beta Features is now ready for testing on [[mw:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|MediaWiki.org]]. It will also be released on Wikimedia Commons and MetaWiki this Thursday, 7 November. Based on test results, the plan is to release it on all wikis worldwide on 21 November, 2013. Here are the first features you can test this week: * [[mw:Multimedia/About_Media_Viewer|Media Viewer]] — view images in large size or full screen * [[mw:VisualEditor/Beta_Features/Formulae|VisualEditor Formulæ]] (for wikis with [[mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]]) — edit algebra or equations on your pages * [[mw:Typography_Update|Typography Refresh]] — make text more readable (coming Thursday) Would you like to try out Beta Features now? After you log in on MediaWiki.org, a small 'Beta' link will appear next to your 'Preferences'. Click on it to see features you can test, check the ones you want, then click 'Save'. Learn more on the [[mw:About_Beta_Features|Beta Features page]]. After you've tested Beta Features, please let the developers know what you think on [[mw:Talk:About_Beta_Features|this discussion page]] -- or report any bugs [http://wmbug.com/new?product=MediaWiki%20extensions&component=BetaFeatures here on Bugzilla]. You're also welcome to join [[m:IRC_office_hours#Upcoming_office_hours|this IRC office hours chat]] on Friday, 8 November at 18:30 UTC. Beta Features was developed by the Wikimedia Foundation's Design, Multimedia and VisualEditor teams. Along with other developers, they will be adding new features to this experimental program every few weeks. They are very grateful to all the community members who helped create this project — and look forward to many more productive collaborations in the future. Enjoy, and don't forget to let developers know what you think! [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង២០:១២ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី០៥ ខែវិច្ឆិកា ឆ្នាំ២០១៣ (UTC) :<small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] (wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Correct it here]])</small>, ម៉ោង២០:១២ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី០៥ ខែវិច្ឆិកា ឆ្នាំ២០១៣ (UTC) </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0622 --> == Call for comments on draft trademark policy == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi all, The Wikimedia legal team invites you to participate in the development of the new Wikimedia trademark policy. The [[:wmf:Trademark policy|current trademark policy]] was introduced in 2009 to protect the [[:wmf:Wikimedia trademarks|Wikimedia marks]]. We are now updating this policy to better balance permissive use of the marks with the legal requirements for preserving them for the community. The new draft trademark policy is ready for your review [[:m:Trademark policy|here]], and we encourage you to discuss it [[:m:Talk:Trademark policy|here]]. We would appreciate if someone would translate this message into your language so more members of your community can contribute to the conversation. Thanks, <br /> [[:m:User:YWelinder (WMF)|Yana]] & [[:m:User:Geoffbrigham|Geoff]] </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0657 --> == Request for comment on Commons: Should Wikimedia support MP4 video? == ''I apologize for this message being only in English. Please translate it if needed to help your community.'' The Wikimedia Foundation's [[mw:Multimedia|multimedia team]] seeks community guidance on a proposal to support the [[w:MP4|MP4 video format]]. This digital video standard is used widely around the world to record, edit and watch videos on mobile phones, desktop computers and home video devices. It is also known as [[w:MP4|H.264/MPEG-4 or AVC]]. Supporting the MP4 format would make it much easier for our users to view and contribute video on Wikipedia and Wikimedia projects -- and video files could be offered in dual formats on our sites, so we could continue to support current open formats (WebM and Ogg Theora). However, MP4 is a patent-encumbered format, and using a proprietary format would be a departure from our current practice of only supporting open formats on our sites -- even though the licenses appear to have acceptable legal terms, with only a small fee required. We would appreciate your guidance on whether or not to support MP4. Our Request for Comments presents views both in favor and against MP4 support, based on opinions we’ve heard in our discussions with community and team members. [[commons:Commons:Requests for comment/MP4 Video|Please join this RfC -- and share your advice]]. All users are welcome to participate, whether you are active on Commons, Wikipedia, other Wikimedia project -- or any site that uses content from our free media repository. You are also welcome to join tomorrow's [[m:IRC_office_hours#Upcoming_office_hours|Office hours chat on IRC]], this Thursday, January 16, at 19:00 UTC, if you would like to discuss this project with our team and other community members. We look forward to a constructive discussion with you, so we can make a more informed decision together on this important topic. [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង០៦:៤៧ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី១៦ ខែមករា ឆ្នាំ២០១៤ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/MP4_notice_targets&oldid=7105580 --> == Universal Language Selector will be enabled by default again on this wiki by 21 February 2014 == <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> On January 21 2014 the MediaWiki extension [[mw:Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) was [[mw:Universal Language Selector/Announcement Jan2014|disabled]] on this wiki. A new preference was added for logged-in users to turn on ULS. This was done to prevent slow loading of pages due to ULS webfonts, a behaviour that had been observed by the Wikimedia Technical Operations team on some wikis. We are now ready to enable ULS again. The temporary preference to enable ULS will be removed. A [[commons:File:ULS-font-checkbox.png|new checkbox]] has been added to the Language Panel to enable/disable font delivery. This will be unchecked by default for this wiki, but can be selected at any time by the users to enable webfonts. This is an interim solution while we improve the feature of webfonts delivery. You can read the [[mw:Universal Language Selector/Announcement Feb2014|announcement]] and the [[mw:Universal Language Selector/Upcoming Development Plan|development plan]] for more information. Apologies for writing this message only in English. Thank you. [[m:User_talk:Runab WMF|Runa]] </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Runab WMF@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/ULS_Reenable_2014&oldid=7490703 --> == Amendment to the Terms of Use == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello all, Please join a discussion about a [[:m:Terms of use/Paid contributions amendment|proposed amendment]] to the [[wmf:Terms of Use|Wikimedia Terms of Use]] regarding undisclosed paid editing and we encourage you to voice your thoughts there. Please translate this statement if you can, and we welcome you to translate the proposed amendment and introduction. Please see [[:m:Terms of use/Paid contributions amendment|the discussion on Meta Wiki]] for more information. Thank you! [[:m:User:Slaporte (WMF)|Slaporte (WMF)]] ម៉ោង២២:០០ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី២១ ខែកុម្ភៈ ឆ្នាំ២០១៤ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Jalexander@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=7499312 --> == Call for project ideas: funding is available for community experiments == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:IEG_key_blue.png|100px|right]] ''I apologize if this message is not in your language. Please help translate it.'' Do you have an idea for a project that could improve your community? [[m:Grants:IEG|Individual Engagement Grants]] from the Wikimedia Foundation help support individuals and small teams to organize experiments for 6 months. You can get funding to try out your idea for online community organizing, outreach, tool-building, or research to help make {{SITENAME}} better. In March, we’re looking for new project proposals. Examples of past Individual Engagement Grant projects: *[[m:Grants:IEG/Build_an_effective_method_of_publicity_in_PRChina|Organizing social media for Chinese Wikipedia]] ($350 for materials) *[[m:Grants:IEG/Visual_editor-_gadgets_compatibility|Improving gadgets for Visual Editor]] ($4500 for developers) *[[m:Grants:IEG/The_Wikipedia_Library|Coordinating access to reliable sources for Wikipedians]] ($7500 for project management, consultants and materials) *[[m:Grants:IEG/Elaborate_Wikisource_strategic_vision|Building community and strategy for Wikisource]] (€10000 for organizing and travel) '''[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-applying|Proposals]] are due by 31 March 2014.''' There are a number of ways to [[m:Grants:IEG|get involved]]! Hope to have your participation, --[[m:User:Sbouterse (WMF)|Siko Bouterse, Head of Individual Engagement Grants, Wikimedia Foundation]] ម៉ោង១៩:៤៤ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី២៨ ខែកុម្ភៈ ឆ្នាំ២០១៤ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:AKoval (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=IEG/MassMessageList&oldid=7675744 --> == Proposed optional changes to Terms of Use amendment == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello all, in response to some community comments in the discussion on the amendment to the Terms of Use on undisclosed paid editing, we have prepared two optional changes. Please [[m:Terms_of_use/Paid_contributions_amendment#Optional_changes|read about these optional changes on Meta wiki]] and share your comments. If you can (and this is a non english project), please translate this announcement. Thanks! [[m:User:Slaporte (WMF)|Slaporte (WMF)]] ម៉ោង២១:៥៦ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី១៣ ខែមីនា ឆ្នាំ២០១៤ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Jalexander@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=7592057 --> == Changes to the default site typography coming soon == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> This week, the typography on Wikimedia sites will be updated for all readers and editors who use the default "Vector" skin. This change will involve new serif fonts for some headings, small tweaks to body content fonts, text size, text color, and spacing between elements. The schedule is: * '''April 1st''': non-Wikipedia projects will see this change live * '''April 3rd''': Wikipedias will see this change live This change is very similar to the "Typography Update" Beta Feature that has been available on Wikimedia projects since November 2013. After several rounds of testing and with feedback from the community, this Beta Feature will be disabled and successful aspects enabled in the default site appearance. Users who are logged in may still choose to use another skin, or alter their [[Special:MyPage/vector.css|personal CSS]], if they prefer a different appearance. Local [[MediaWiki:Common.css|common CSS]] styles will also apply as normal, for issues with local styles and scripts that impact all users. For more information: * [[mw:Typography refresh|Summary of changes and FAQ]] * [[mw:Talk:Typography refresh|Discussion page]] for feedback or questions * [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2014/03/27/typography-refresh/ Post] on blog.wikimedia.org -- [[m:User:Steven (WMF)|Steven Walling]] (Product Manager) on behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation's [[mw:Design|User Experience Design]] team </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Steven (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=7990801 --> == Media Viewer == <br> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, my apologies for writing in English. I wanted to let you know that [[mw:Multimedia/About Media Viewer|Media Viewer]] will be released to this wiki in the coming weeks. Media Viewer allows readers of Wikimedia projects to have an enhanced view of files without having to visit the file page, but with more detail than a thumbnail. You can try Media Viewer out now by turning it on in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Features]]. If you do not enjoy Media Viewer or if it interferes with your work after it is turned on you will be able to disable Media Viewer as well in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|preferences]]. I invite you to [[mw:Talk:Multimedia/About Media Viewer|share what you think]] about Media Viewer and how it can be made better in the future. Thank you for your time. - [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ម៉ោង២១:២៩ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី២៣ ខែឧសភា ឆ្នាំ២០១៤ (UTC) <small>--This message was sent using [[m:MassMessage|MassMessage]]. Was there an error? [[m:Talk:MassMessage|Report it!]]</small> </div> </br> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/MassMessage/Multimedia/Media_Viewer&oldid=8631315 --> == Media Viewer is now live on this wiki == <br> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Media_Viewer_Desktop_-_Large_Image_Opaque_Info.png|thumb|Media Viewer lets you see images in larger size]] Greetings— and sorry for writing in English, please translate if it will help your community, The Wikimedia Foundation's [[mw:Multimedia|Multimedia team]] is happy to announce that [[mw:Multimedia/About Media Viewer|Media Viewer]] was just released on this site today. Media Viewer displays images in larger size when you click on their thumbnails, to provide a better viewing experience. Users can now view images faster and more clearly, without having to jump to separate pages — and its user interface is more intuitive, offering easy access to full-resolution images and information, with links to the file repository for editing. The tool has been tested extensively across all Wikimedia wikis over the past six months as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] and has been [[mw:Multimedia/Media_Viewer/Release_Plan#Timeline|released]] to the largest Wikipedias, all language Wikisources, and the English Wikivoyage already. If you do not like this feature, you can easily turn it off by clicking on "Disable Media Viewer" at the bottom of the screen, pulling up the information panel (or in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your preferences]]) whether you have an account or not. Learn more [[mw:Help:Multimedia/Media_Viewer#How_can_I_turn_off_this_feature.3F|in this Media Viewer Help page]]. Please let us know if you have any questions or comments about Media Viewer. You are invited to [[mw:Talk:Multimedia/About_Media_Viewer|share your feedback in this discussion on MediaWiki.org]] in any language, to help improve this feature. You are also welcome to [https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/media-viewer-1-all?c=announce-all take this quick survey in English], [https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/media-viewer-1-fr en français], [https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/media-viewer-1-es o español]. We hope you enjoy Media Viewer. Many thanks to all the community members who helped make it possible. - [[mw:User:Fabrice Florin (WMF)|Fabrice Florin (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Fabrice Florin (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង២១:៥៤ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី១៩ ខែមិថុនា ឆ្នាំ២០១៤ (UTC) <small>--This message was sent using [[m:MassMessage|MassMessage]]. Was there an error? [[m:Talk:MassMessage|Report it!]]</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/MassMessage/Multimedia/Media_Viewer&oldid=8631315 --> == Letter petitioning WMF to reverse recent decisions == The Wikimedia Foundation recently created a new feature, "superprotect" status. The purpose is to prevent pages from being edited by elected administrators -- but permitting WMF staff to edit them. It has been put to use in only one case: to protect the deployment of the Media Viewer software on German Wikipedia, in defiance of a clear decision of that community to disable the feature by default, unless users decide to enable it. If you oppose these actions, please add your name to this letter. If you know non-Wikimedians who support our vision for the free sharing of knowledge, and would like to add their names to the list, please ask them to sign an identical version of the letter on change.org. * [[:m:Letter to Wikimedia Foundation: Superprotect and Media Viewer|Letter to Wikimedia Foundation: Superprotect and Media Viewer]] * [http://www.change.org/p/lila-tretikov-remove-new-superprotect-status-and-permit-wikipedia-communities-to-enact-current-software-decisions-uninhibited Letter on change.org] -- [[:m:User:JurgenNL|JurgenNL]] ([[:m:User talk:JurgenNL|talk]]) ម៉ោង១៧:៣៥ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី២១ ខែសីហា ឆ្នាំ២០១៤ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:JurgenNL@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=9313374 --> == Process ideas for software development == <div class=”mw-content-ltr”> ’’My apologies for writing in English.’’ Hello, I am notifying you that a brainstorming session has been [[:m:Community Engagement (Product)/Process ideas|started on Meta]] to help the Wikimedia Foundation increase and better affect community participation in software development across all wiki projects. Basically, how can you be more involved in helping to create features on Wikimedia projects? We are inviting all interested users to voice their ideas on how communities can be more involved and informed in the product development process at the Wikimedia Foundation. It would be very appreciated if you could translate this message to help inform your local communities as well. I and the rest of [[:m:Community Engagement (Product)|my team]] welcome you to participate. We hope to see you on Meta. Kind regards, -- [[m:User:Rdicerb (WMF)|Rdicerb (WMF)]] [[m:User talk:Rdicerb (WMF)|talk]] ម៉ោង២២:១៥ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី២១ ខែសីហា ឆ្នាំ២០១៤ (UTC) <small>--This message was sent using [[m:MassMessage|MassMessage]]. Was there an error? [[m:Talk:MassMessage|Report it!]]</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=9313374 --> == Grants to improve your project == :''Apologies for English. Please help translate this message.'' Greetings! The [[:m:Grants:IEG|Individual Engagement Grants program]] is accepting proposals for funding new experiments from September 1st to 30th. Your idea could improve Wikimedia projects with a new tool or gadget, a better process to support community-building on your wiki, research on an important issue, or something else we haven't thought of yet. Whether you need $200 or $30,000 USD, Individual Engagement Grants can cover your own project development time in addition to hiring others to help you. *'''[[:m:Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|Submit your proposal]]''' *'''Get help''': In [[:m:Grants:IdeaLab|IdeaLab]] or an upcoming [[:m:Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|Hangout session]] [[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង១៦:៥១ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី០២ ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ២០១៤ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:PEarley (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PEarley_(WMF)/Sandbox&oldid=9730503 --> == Change in renaming process == ''Part or all of this message may be in English. Please help translate if possible.'' <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[:m:Single User Login finalisation announcement|Single-user login (SUL) finalisation]]'s goal is so that every Wikimedia editor has a single, recognized global account with one username across all projects. As you may know, after a long delay, it's now underway as an effort between [[m:bureaucrat|bureaucrat]]s, [[m:stewards|stewards]], and Wikimedia Foundation engineers. This will also allow for development of cross-wiki tools like global notifications and watchlists. '''There is no set date for the completion of single-user login finalization at this time.''' The process involves changing all rename processes into one global renaming process. The ability for local bureaucrats to rename users on this wiki will be turned off on Monday, 15 September 2014, as one of the first steps. [[:m:Global renamers|Global renamers]] are in the process of being created to make sure projects and languages are represented by the time this occurs. I sent a note to every bureaucrat about this process three weeks ago with an invitation to participate and many have begun [[:m:SRGP|requesting]] to be a part of the group. Together with the stewards, the global renamers will be empowered to help editors work through the often difficult process of getting a global name. In parting, visit [[Special:MergeAccount]] to unify your account if you have never done so. If your local pages about renaming still need to be updated, please do so and consider pointing people to [[:m:SRUC]] for future rename requests, especially if this project does not have bureaucrats that hold global renamer permissions. If you have any questions, you can read more on [[:m:Help:Unified login|the help page on Meta]]. You can also follow the technical progress [[:mw:SUL finalisation|on mediawiki.org]]. [[:m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|Contact me on Meta]] any time with questions as well. Thank you for your time.</div> -- [[:m:User:Keegan (WMF)|User:Keegan (WMF)]] ([[:m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 22:23, 2014 ж. қыркүйектің 9 (ALMT) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/MassMessage/Crats/Pumps&oldid=9804310 --> == VisualEditor available on Internet Explorer 11 == <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|right|frameless|200x200px]] VisualEditor will become available to users of Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 during today's regular software update. Support for some earlier versions of Internet Explorer is being worked on. If you encounter problems with VisualEditor on Internet Explorer, please contact the Editing team by leaving a message at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|VisualEditor/Feedback]] on Mediawiki.org. Happy editing, [[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] ម៉ោង០៧:២៩ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី១១ ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ២០១៤ (UTC). PS. Please subscribe to the [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|global monthly newsletter]] to receive further news about VisualEditor. </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/All_Wikipedias&oldid=9829651 --> == {{int:right-upload}}, [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Upload Wizard|{{int:uploadwizard}}]]? == [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|right|220px|alt=Wikimedia Commons logo]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello! Sorry for writing in English. It was noted that on this wiki there is little community activity around uploads: less than 50 "{{int:delete}}" actions in "{{ns:6}}" last year. I guess this wiki doesn't have the interest or energies to maintain complex [[mw:Multimedia/Media Viewer/Template compatibility|templates and metadata]], especially for [[m:EDP|EDP]] files. I propose to * send users to '''[[commons:Special:UploadWizard]] from the sidebar''' and * [[commons:Commons:Turning off local uploads|limit]] '''[[Special:Upload|local "{{int:upload}}"]] to the "{{int:group-sysop}}"''' group (for any emergency uploads), so that no new work is needed on this wiki and all users can have a functioning, easy upload interface [[translatewiki:Special:Translate/ext-uploadwizard|in their own language]]. All registered users can upload on Commons. All this will be done around 2014-09-30. # If you disagree with the proposal, just [[m:User:Nemo bis/Unused local uploads|remove this wiki from the list]]. # To make the UploadWizard even better, please tell your experience and ideas on [[commons:Commons:Upload Wizard feedback]]. # In all cases, [[Special:ListFiles|existing files]] will not be affected, but everyone is welcome to '''join [[m:File metadata cleanup drive]]'''. The goal is to give better credit to the authors who provided us their works. [[m:User:Nemo_bis|Nemo]] ម៉ោង១៩:១២ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី១៨ ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ២០១៤ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Nemo bis@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Nemo_bis/Unused_local_uploads&oldid=9923192 --> == Meta RfCs on two new global groups == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello all, There are currently requests for comment open on meta to create two new global groups. The first is a group for members of the OTRS permissions queue, which would grant them autopatrolled rights on all wikis except those who opt-out. That proposal can be found at [[m:Requests for comment/Creation of a global OTRS-permissions user group]]. The second is a group for Wikimedia Commons admins and OTRS agents to view deleted file pages through the 'viewdeletedfile' right on all wikis except those who opt-out. The second proposal can be found at [[m:Requests for comment/Global file deletion review]]. We would like to hear what you think on both proposals. Both are in English; if you wanted to translate them into your native language that would also be appreciated. It is possible for individual projects to opt-out, so that users in those groups do not have any additional rights on those projects. To do this please start a local discussion, and if there is consensus you can request to opt-out of either or both at [[m:Stewards' noticeboard]]. Thanks and regards, [[m:User:Ajraddatz|Ajraddatz]] ([[m:User talk:Ajraddatz|talk]]) ម៉ោង១៨:០៥ ថ្ងៃអាទិត្យ ទី២៦ ខែតុលា ឆ្នាំ២០១៤ (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ajraddatz@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=10024331 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Now Available (November 2014) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.'' Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today :)]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for: *'''DeGruyter''': 1000 new accounts for English and German-language research. Sign up on one of two language Wikipedias: **[[w:en:Wikipedia:De_Gruyter|English signup]] **[[w:de:Wikipedia:De_Gruyter|Deutsch signup]] *'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Fold3|Fold3]]''': 100 new accounts for American history and military archives *'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:ScotlandsPeople|Scotland's People]]''': 100 new accounts for Scottish genealogy database *'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]''': expanded by 100+ accounts for British newspapers *'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:HighBeam|Highbeam]]''': 100+ remaining accounts for newspaper and magazine archives *'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Questia| Questia]]''': 100+ remaining accounts for journal and social science articles *'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:JSTOR|JSTOR]]''': 100+ remaining accounts for journal archives Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]].ម៉ោង២៣:១៩ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី០៥ ខែវិច្ឆិកា ឆ្នាំ២០១៤ (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=9909230 --> == Global AbuseFilter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is a MediaWiki extension used to detect likely abusive behavior patterns, like pattern vandalism and spam. In 2013, [[m:Special:Mylanguage/Global AbuseFilter|Global AbuseFilters]] were enabled on a limited set of wikis including Meta-Wiki, MediaWiki.org, Wikispecies and (in early 2014) all the "[https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=small.dblist small wikis]". Recently, global abuse filters were enabled on "[https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=medium.dblist medium sized wikis]" as well. These filters are currently managed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and have shown to be very effective in preventing mass spam attacks across Wikimedia projects. However, there is currently no policy on how the global AbuseFilters will be managed although there are proposals. There is an ongoing [[m:Requests for comment/Global AbuseFilter|request for comment]] on policy governing the use of the global AbuseFilters. In the meantime, specific wikis can opt out of using the global AbuseFilter. These wikis can simply add a request to [[m:Global AbuseFilter/Opt-out wikis|this list]] on Meta-Wiki. More details can be found on [[m:Special:Mylanguage/Global AbuseFilter/2014 announcement|this page]] at Meta-Wiki. If you have any questions, feel free to ask on [[m:Talk:Global AbuseFilter|m:Talk:Global AbuseFilter]]. Thanks, [[m:User:PiRSquared17|PiRSquared17]], [[m:User:Glaisher|Glaisher]]</div> — ម៉ោង១៧:៣៤ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី១៤ ខែវិច្ឆិកា ឆ្នាំ២០១៤ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Glaisher@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_AbuseFilter/2014_announcement_distribution_list&oldid=10495115 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Now Available (December 2014) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.'' Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today :)]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: *[[w:en:WP:ELSEVIER|Elsevier]] - science and medicine journals and books *[[w:en:WP:RSC Gold|Royal Society of Chemistry]] - chemistry journals *[[w:en:wp:Pelican Books|Pelican Books]] - ebook monographs *[[w:en:WP:Public Catalogue Foundation|Public Catalogue Foundation]]- art books Other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]].ម៉ោង០០:២៣ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី១៨ ខែធ្នូ ឆ្នាំ២០១៤ (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=10542996 --> == IMPORTANT: Admin activity review == Hello. A new policy regarding the removal of "advanced rights" (administrator, bureaucrat, etc) was adopted by [[:m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|global community consensus]] in 2013. According to this policy, the [[:m:stewards|stewards]] are reviewing administrators' activity on smaller wikis. To the best of our knowledge, your wiki does not have a formal process for removing "advanced rights" from inactive accounts. This means that the stewards will take care of this according to the [[:m:Admin activity review|admin activity review]]. We have determined that the following users meet the inactivity criteria (no edits and no log actions for more than 2 years): #Ken95 (administrator) #Sen Rorn (administrator) #ពិសិដ្ឋ (administrator) These users will receive a notification soon, asking them to start a community discussion if they want to retain some or all of their rights. If the users do not respond, then their advanced rights will be removed by the stewards. However, if you as a community would like to create your own activity review process superseding the global one, want to make another decision about these inactive rights holders, or already have a policy that we missed, then please notify the [[:m:Stewards' noticeboard|stewards on Meta-Wiki]] so that we know not to proceed with the rights review on your wiki. Thanks, '''[[User:Rschen7754|Rs]][[User talk:Rschen7754|chen]][[Special:Contributions/Rschen7754|7754]]''' ម៉ោង០៤:០៤ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី១៣ ខែមករា ឆ្នាំ២០១៥ (UTC) == [Global proposal] m.{{SITENAME}}.org: {{int:group-all}} {{int:right-edit}} == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Mediawiki-mobile-smartphone.png|thumb|MediaWiki mobile]] Hi, this message is to let you know that, on domains like {{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}.'''m'''.wikipedia.org, '''unregistered users cannot edit'''. At the Wikimedia Forum, where global configuration changes are normally discussed, a few dozens users [[m:Wikimedia Forum#Proposal: restore normal editing permissions on all mobile sites|propose to restore normal editing permissions on all mobile sites]]. Please read and comment! Thanks and sorry for writing in English, [[m:User:Nemo_bis|Nemo]] ម៉ោង២២:៣៤ ថ្ងៃអាទិត្យ ទី០១ ខែមីនា ឆ្នាំ២០១៥ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Nemo bis@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=11428885 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (March 2015) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.'' Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: *[[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]] — humanities and social science books and journals *[[w:en:Wikipedia:DynaMed|DynaMed]] — clinical reference tool for medical topics *[[w:en:Wikipedia:Royal Pharmaceutical Society|Royal Pharmaceutical Society]] — pharmaceutical information and practice resources *[[w:en:Wikipedia:Women_Writers_Online|Women Writers Online]] — a digital humanities database focused on women's literature *[[w:en:Wikipedia:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] — American newspapers database w/ Open Access opportunities (expansion of accounts) Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] ម៉ោង២១:១៤ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី០២ ខែមីនា ឆ្នាំ២០១៥ (UTC) :''Help us coordinate Wikipedia Library's distribution of accounts, communication of access opportunities and more! Please join our team at [[w:en:Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup|our new coordinator page]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=10785744 --> == Inspire Campaign: Improving diversity, improving content == This March, we’re organizing an Inspire Campaign to encourage and support new ideas for improving gender diversity on Wikimedia projects. Less than 20% of Wikimedia contributors are women, and many important topics are still missing in our content. We invite all Wikimedians to participate. If you have an idea that could help address this problem, please get involved today! The campaign runs until March 31. All proposals are welcome - research projects, technical solutions, community organizing and outreach initiatives, or something completely new! Funding is available from the Wikimedia Foundation for projects that need financial support. Constructive, positive feedback on ideas is appreciated, and collaboration is encouraged - your skills and experience may help bring someone else’s project to life. Join us at the Inspire Campaign and help this project better represent the world’s knowledge! :*[[:m:Grants:IdeaLab/Inspire|Inspire Campaign main page]] ''(Sorry for the English - please translate this message!)'' [[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង២០:០១ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី០៤ ខែមីនា ឆ្នាំ២០១៥ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:PEarley (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PEarley_(WMF)/Inspire_Mass_Message&oldid=11457822 --> == SUL finalization update == <div class="mw-content-ltr"> Hi all,apologies for writing in English, please read [[m:Single_User_Login_finalisation_announcement/Schema_announcement|this page]] for important information and an update involving [[m:Help:Unified login|SUL finalization]], scheduled to take place in one month. Thanks. [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង១៩:៤៥ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី១៣ ខែមីនា ឆ្នាំ២០១៥ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/Everyone_but_meta_and_de&oldid=11538208 --> == Stewards confirmation rules == Hello, I made [[:m:Requests_for_comment/Confirmation_of_stewards|a proposal on Meta]] to change the rules for the steward confirmations. Currently consensus to remove is required for a steward to lose his status, however I think it's fairer to the community if every steward needed the consensus to keep. As this is an issue that affects all WMF wikis, I'm sending this notification to let people know & be able to participate. Best regards, --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]]</small> ម៉ោង១៦:១២ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី១០ ខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ២០១៥ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MF-Warburg@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=11737694 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Call for candidates|Nominations are being accepted for 2015 Wikimedia Foundation elections]] == ''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Accepting nominations|Translations]] are available.'' [[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - vertical (2012-2016).svg|100px|right]] Greetings, I am pleased to announce that nominations are now being accepted for the 2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections. This year the Board and the FDC Staff are looking for a diverse set of candidates from regions and projects that are traditionally under-represented on the board and in the movement as well as candidates with experience in technology, product or finance. To this end they have [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Call for candidates|published letters]] describing what they think is needed and, recognizing that those who know the community the best are the community themselves, the election committee is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|accepting nominations]] for community members you think should run and will reach out to those nominated to provide them with information about the job and the election process. This year, elections are being held for the following roles: ''Board of Trustees''<br/> The Board of Trustees is the decision-making body that is ultimately responsible for the long term sustainability of the Foundation, so we value wide input into its selection. There are three positions being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|the board elections page]]. ''Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC)''<br/> The Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC) makes recommendations about how to allocate Wikimedia movement funds to eligible entities. There are five positions being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015|the FDC elections page]]. ''Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC) Ombud''<br/> The FDC Ombud receives complaints and feedback about the FDC process, investigates complaints at the request of the Board of Trustees, and summarizes the investigations and feedback for the Board of Trustees on an annual basis. One position is being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015|the FDC Ombudsperson elections page]]. The candidacy submission phase lasts from 00:00 UTC April 20 to 23:59 UTC May 5 for the Board and from 00:00 UTCApril 20 to 23:59 UTC April 30 for the FDC and FDC Ombudsperson. This year, we are accepting both self-nominations and nominations of others. More information on this election and the nomination process can be found on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|the 2015 Wikimedia elections page on Meta-Wiki]]. Please feel free to post a note about the election on your project's village pump. Any questions related to the election can be posted on the talk page on Meta, or sent to the election committee's mailing list, board-elections -at- wikimedia.org On behalf of the Elections Committee,<br/> -Gregory Varnum ([[m:User:Varnent|User:Varnent]])<br/> Coordinator, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]] ''Posted by the [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]], 05:03, 21 April 2015 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Accepting nominations|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|Get help]] <!-- Message sent by User:Varnent@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=11918510 --> == Please test VisualEditor in your language! == <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|right|frameless]] It is very important to us at the [[:mw:Editing|Editing Department]] that [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Portal|VisualEditor]] works in every language, for every user. VisualEditor's editing environment is a browser ContentEditable element. This means that your [[:en:Input method|input method editor]] (IME) should already know how to work with it. However, to make VisualEditor correctly edit wiki pages, we have to stop browsers in lots of ways from breaking the page. Sometimes this can interfere with IMEs. To make sure we work in your IME, we need your help: please see '''[http://wikimedia.github.io/VisualEditor/demos/ve/desktop-dist.html#!pages/simple.html wikimedia.github.io/VisualEditor/demos/ve/desktop-dist.html#!pages/simple.html]'''. This is the core system inside VisualEditor which lets you write and edit. It is different from the full editor, and some of the tools you are used to will be missing. We're interested in particular in whether you can write text at all, what happens when you select different candidate texts, and how VisualEditor behaves in general. More details, and some early test results, are provided here: '''[[:mw:VisualEditor/IME_Testing#What_to_test|mediawiki.org/wiki/VisualEditor/IME_Testing#What_to_test]]'''. We would love to hear from every language, and especially languages which use IMEs, like Japanese, Korean, Indic languages, Arabic and others. Thank you for your help. Yours, [[:mw:User:Jdforrester (WMF)|James Forrester]] [[:mw:User talk:Jdforrester (WMF)|(talk)]] ម៉ោង០៧:៤១ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី២២ ខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ២០១៥ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Phase_6_wikis&oldid=11926646 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/FDC voting has begun|Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections 2015]] == [[File:Wikimedia Foundation RGB logo with text.svg|right|75px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/FDC voting has begun]] ''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/FDC voting has begun|Translations]] are available.'' [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/336|Voting has begun]] for [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015#Requirements|eligible voters]] in the 2015 elections for the ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015|Funds Dissemination Committee]]'' (FDC) and ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015|FDC Ombudsperson]]''. Questions and discussion with the candidates for the ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015/Questions|Funds Dissemination Committee]]'' (FDC) and ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015/Questions|FDC Ombudsperson]]'' will continue during the voting. Nominations for the ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|Board of Trustees]]'' will be accepted until 23:59 UTC May 5. The ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:APG/Funds Dissemination Committee|Funds Dissemination Committee]]'' (FDC) makes recommendations about how to allocate Wikimedia movement funds to eligible entities. There are five positions on the committee being filled. The ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:APG/Funds Dissemination Committee/Ombudsperson role, expectations, and selection process|FDC Ombudsperson]]'' receives complaints and feedback about the FDC process, investigates complaints at the request of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Board of Trustees]], and summarizes the investigations and feedback for the Board of Trustees on an annual basis. One position is being filled. The voting phase lasts from 00:00 UTC May 3 to 23:59 UTC May 10. '''[[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/336|Click here to vote]].''' Questions and discussion with the candidates will continue during that time. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015/Questions|Click here to ask the FDC candidates a question]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015/Questions|Click here to ask the FDC Ombudsperson candidates a question]].''' More information on the candidates and the elections can be found on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015|2015 FDC election page]], the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015|2015 FDC Ombudsperson election page]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|2015 Board election page]] on Meta-Wiki. On behalf of the Elections Committee,<br/> -Gregory Varnum ([[m:User:Varnent|User:Varnent]])<br/> Volunteer Coordinator, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]] ''Posted by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] 03:45, 4 May 2015 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/FDC voting has begun|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|Get help]] <!-- Message sent by User:Varnent@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12082785 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (May 2015) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.'' Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] Today [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] announces signups for more free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: * '''[[w:en:WP:MIT|MIT Press Journals]]''' — scholarly journals in the humanities, sciences, and social sciences (200 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:Loeb|Loeb Classical Library]]''' — Harvard University Press versions of Classical Greek and Latin literature with commentary and annotation (25 accounts) * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:RIPM|RIPM]]''' — music periodicals published between 1760 and 1966 (20 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:SAGE Stats|Sage Stats]]''' — social science data for geographies within the United States (10 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:HeinOnline|HeinOnline]]''' — an extensive legal research database, including 2000 law-related journals as well as international legal history materials (25 accounts) Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:Wikipedia:JSTOR|JSTOR]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] and [[w:en:WP:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] ម៉ោង២២:១២ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី០៤ ខែឧសភា ឆ្នាំ២០១៥ (UTC) :''We need your help! Help coordinate Wikipedia Library's account distribution and global development! Please join our team at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup Global our new coordinator signup].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List]</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=12114173 --> == [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=km Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections 2015] == [[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - vertical (2012-2016).svg|right|100px|link=metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun]] ''This is a message from the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun|Translations]] are available.'' [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=km Voting has begun] for [[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015#Requirements|eligible voters]] in the 2015 elections for the ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]''. Questions and discussion with the candidates for the ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015/Questions|Board]]'' will continue during the voting. The ''[[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]'' is the ultimate governing authority of the Wikimedia Foundation, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization registered in the United States. The Wikimedia Foundation manages many diverse projects such as Wikipedia and Commons. The voting phase lasts from 00:00 UTC May 17 to 23:59 UTC May 31. '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=km Click here to vote].''' More information on the candidates and the elections can be found on the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|2015 ''Board'' election page]] on Meta-Wiki. On behalf of the Elections Committee,<br/> -Gregory Varnum ([[metawiki:User:Varnent|User:Varnent]])<br/> Volunteer Coordinator, [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]] ''Posted by the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] 17:20, 17 May 2015 (UTC) • [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun|Translate]] • [[metawiki:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|Get help]] <!-- Message sent by User:Varnent@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12206621 --> == [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=km Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections 2015] == [[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - vertical (2012-2016).svg|right|100px|link=metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun]] ''This is a message from the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun|Translations]] are available.'' [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=km Voting has begun] for [[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015#Requirements|eligible voters]] in the 2015 elections for the ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]''. Questions and discussion with the candidates for the ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015/Questions|Board]]'' will continue during the voting. The ''[[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]'' is the ultimate governing authority of the Wikimedia Foundation, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization registered in the United States. The Wikimedia Foundation manages many diverse projects such as Wikipedia and Commons. The voting phase lasts from 00:00 UTC May 17 to 23:59 UTC May 31. '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=km Click here to vote].''' More information on the candidates and the elections can be found on the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|2015 ''Board'' election page]] on Meta-Wiki. On behalf of the Elections Committee,<br/> -Gregory Varnum ([[metawiki:User:Varnent|User:Varnent]])<br/> Volunteer Coordinator, [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]] ''Posted by the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] 17:20, 17 May 2015 (UTC) • [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun|Translate]] • [[metawiki:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|Get help]] <!-- Message sent by User:Varnent@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12206621 --> == Content Translation beta-feature now available == Hello, [[mw:Content_translation|Content Translation]] has now been enabled as an opt-in beta feature on the Khmer Wikipedia. To start translating: # Please enable the Beta feature in your preferences and check the box for Content Translation. # Visit the page [[Special:ContentTranslation]] or to your contributions page to open the tool. # Click on the blue button to create a new translation. # A dialog will be displayed. In the From section select the language of the original article and the article name and the language you would like to translate to. Also add the title of the new article (or the original title will be inserted) and click on Translate to begin. Your language preferences will be remembered for the next time. # You will see a screen consisting of three columns. The left column contains the text of the source language and the middle column is for the translated text. Using the right column you can perform several actions such as insert source text, remove the inserted text source text, add or remove links etc. # After you translate the article, you can publish it directly as a new page on the Khmer Wikipedia by using the publish button that appears. In case the article gets created by another user while you were translating, you will see an option to save the newly published translation under your user namespace. # The number of published pages can be seen on the [[Special:CXStats|Content Translation stats page]]. Since, this is the first time we have installed the tool on this Wikipedia, there are chances that there may be some problems or service disruptions which we are not yet aware of. We will be monitoring the usage to check for any failures or issues, but please do let us know on the [[:mw:Talk:Content_translation|Content Translation talk page]] or through [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100625 Phabricator] if you spot any problems that prevent you from using the tool. For more information, please read the information available in the [[:mw:Content_translation/Documentation/User_guide|User Guide]]. You can also view a [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Content_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm short screencast] on how to use Content Translation. Our announcement is written only in English, and we would really appreciate if this message can be translated to reach more users of this Wikipedia. Thank you.--[[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:Runab WMF|Runab WMF]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:Runab WMF|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង១៧:១១ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី០៤ ខែមិថុនា ឆ្នាំ២០១៥ (UTC) == Pywikibot compat will no longer be supported - Please migrate to pywikibot core == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <small>Sorry for English, I hope someone translates this.</small><br /> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] (then "Pywikipediabot") was started back in 2002. In 2007 a new branch (formerly known as "rewrite", now called "core") was started from scratch using the MediaWiki API. The developers of Pywikibot have decided to stop supporting the compat version of Pywikibot due to bad performance and architectural errors that make it hard to update, compared to core. If you are using pywikibot compat it is likely your code will break due to upcoming MediaWiki API changes (e.g. [[phab:T101524|T101524]]). It is highly recommended you migrate to the core framework. There is a [[mw:Manual:Pywikibot/Compat deprecation|migration guide]], and please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Communication|contact us]] if you have any problem. There is an upcoming MediaWiki API breaking change that compat will not be updated for. If your bot's name is in [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2015-June/081931.html this list], your bot will most likely break. Thank you,<br /> The Pywikibot development team, 19:30, 5 June 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ladsgroup@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12271740 --> == Pywikibot compat will no longer be supported - Please migrate to pywikibot core == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <small>Sorry for English, I hope someone translates this.</small><br /> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] (then "Pywikipediabot") was started back in 2002. In 2007 a new branch (formerly known as "rewrite", now called "core") was started from scratch using the MediaWiki API. The developers of Pywikibot have decided to stop supporting the compat version of Pywikibot due to bad performance and architectural errors that make it hard to update, compared to core. If you are using pywikibot compat it is likely your code will break due to upcoming MediaWiki API changes (e.g. [[phab:T101524|T101524]]). It is highly recommended you migrate to the core framework. There is a [[mw:Manual:Pywikibot/Compat deprecation|migration guide]], and please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Communication|contact us]] if you have any problem. There is an upcoming MediaWiki API breaking change that compat will not be updated for. If your bot's name is in [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2015-June/081931.html this list], your bot will most likely break. Thank you,<br /> The Pywikibot development team, 19:30, 5 June 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ladsgroup@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12271740 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (June 2015) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] Today [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] announces signups for more free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: * '''[[w:en:WP:TANDF|Taylor & Francis]]''' — academic publisher of journals. The pilot includes two subject collections: Arts & Humanities and Biological, Environment & Earth Sciences. (30 accounts) *'''[[w:en:WP:World Bank|World Bank eLibrary]]''' — digital platform containing all books, working papers, and journal articles published by the World Bank from the 1990s to the present. (100 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:AAAS|AAAS]]''' — general interest science publisher, who publishes the journal ''Science'' among other sources (50 accounts) '''New French-Language Branch!''' * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Erudit|Érudit]]''' ([[w:fr:Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C3%89rudit|en Francais]]) — Érudit is a French-Canadian scholarly aggregator primarily, humanities and social sciences, and contains sources in both English and French. Signups on both English and French Wikipedia (50 accounts). * '''[[w:en:WP:Cairn|Cairn.info]]''' ([[w:fr:Wikip%C3%A9dia:Cairn|en Francais]]) — Cairn.info is a Switzerland based online web portal of scholarly materials in the humanities and social sciences. Most sources are in French, but some also in English. Signups on both English and French Wikipedia (100 accounts). * '''[[w:fr:WP:L'Harmattan|L'Harmattan]]''' — French language publisher across a wide range of non-fiction and fiction, with a strong selection of francophone African materials (1000 accounts). Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including an expansion of accounts for [[w:en:WP:RSUK|Royal Society journals]] and remaining accounts on [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:Wikipedia:JSTOR|JSTOR]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Highbeam|Highbeam]] [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] and [[w:en:WP:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]. If you have suggestions for journals or databases we should seek access to [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals/Requests|make a request]]! Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 22:08, 15 June 2015 (UTC) :''We need your help! Help coordinate Wikipedia Library's account distribution and global development! Please join our team at [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup|our new coordinator signup]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [[meta:MassMessage#Global_message_delivery| Global Mass Message]] tool to [[meta:Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List]]</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=12455967 --> == HTTPS == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. Hi everyone. Over the last few years, the Wikimedia Foundation has [http://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/08/01/future-https-wikimedia-projects/ been working] towards enabling [[m:Special:MyLanguage/HTTPS|HTTPS]] by default for all users, including unregistered ones, for better privacy and security for both readers and editors. This has taken a long time, as there were different aspects to take into account. Our servers haven't been ready to handle it. The Wikimedia Foundation has had to balance sometimes conflicting goals. [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2015/06/12/securing-wikimedia-sites-with-https/ Forced HTTPS] has just been implemented on all Wikimedia projects. Some of you might already be aware of this, as a few Wikipedia language versions were converted to HTTPS last week and the then affected communities were notified. Most of Wikimedia editors shouldn't be affected at all. If you edit as registered user, you've probably already had to log in through HTTPS. We'll keep an eye on this to make sure everything is working as it should. Do get in touch with [[:m:HTTPS#Help!|us]] if you have any problems after this change or contact me if you have any other questions. /[[:m:User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]] </div> ម៉ោង២២:០០ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី១៩ ខែមិថុនា ឆ្នាំ២០១៥ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/HTTPS_global_message_delivery&oldid=12471979 --> == Please join the 2nd edition of the VisualEditor Translathon == <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo-pacifico.svg|right|200px]] Hello! I'm pleased to announce the 2nd edition of the '''VisualEditor Translathon'''. It is a translation rally, focused on interface messages and help pages related to [[:mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]]. In order to participate, you need to '''[[:betawiki:Project:VisualEditor/2015_Translathon|sign up on the Translathon page]]''' on TranslateWiki. The top 3 contributors will each win a Wikipedia t-shirt of their choice from [//store.wikimedia.org/ the Wikipedia store]<ref>You can choose between any short-sleeve shirt, or other items for the same value.</ref>. Translations made between '''July 15th and July 19th''' ([//www.timeanddate.com/time/zones/cdt CDT time zone]) qualify<ref>This means both new translations, and updates for messages in the "Outdated" tab of the translation interface.</ref>. If you are at [//wikimania2015.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimania Wikimania Mexico] this year, you are also welcome to join a related sprint during the hackathon in '''Workplace 1 - Don Américo, Thursday 16 July at 4pm (CDT)''' at the conference venue, so you can meet other fellow translators and [//wikimania2015.wikimedia.org/wiki/Hackathon#Hackathon_Day_2 get support if you need some]. Interface messages have the priority. You will need to create an account at translatewiki.net in order to work on them, if you don't have one. ''It is recommended to create the account ASAP'', so that it can be confirmed in time. You can also help translate documentation pages about VisualEditor on mediawiki.org. You can use your Wikipedia account to work there. You will find instructions, links and other details [[:betawiki:Project:VisualEditor/2015_Translathon|on the Translathon page]]. Thanks for your attention, and happy translating! <br> [[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] ម៉ោង២០:៥៩ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី១៣ ខែកក្កដា ឆ្នាំ២០១៥ (UTC) <references /> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Phase_6_wikis&oldid=12066019 --> == Proposal to create PNG thumbnails of static GIF images == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:(R)-3-phenyl-cyclohanone.gif|255px|thumb|The thumbnail of this gif is of really bad quality.]] [[File:(R)-3-phenyl-cyclohanone.png|255px|thumb|How a PNG thumb of this GIF would look like]] There is a [[w:c:Commons:Village_pump/Proposals#Create_PNG_thumbnails_of_static_GIF_images|proposal]] at the Commons Village Pump requesting feedback about the thumbnails of static GIF images: It states that static GIF files should have their thumbnails created in PNG. The advantages of PNG over GIF would be visible especially with GIF images using an alpha channel. (compare the thumbnails on the side) This change would affect all wikis, so if you support/oppose or want to give general feedback/concerns, please post them to the [[w:c:Commons:Village_pump/Proposals#Create_PNG_thumbnails_of_static_GIF_images|proposal page]]. Thank you. --[[w:c:User:McZusatz|McZusatz]] ([[w:c:User talk:McZusatz|talk]]) & [[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង០៥:០៧ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី២៤ ខែកក្កដា ឆ្នាំ២០១៥ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:-revi@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12485605 --> == Proposal to create PNG thumbnails of static GIF images == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:(R)-3-phenyl-cyclohanone.gif|255px|thumb|The thumbnail of this gif is of really bad quality.]] [[File:(R)-3-phenyl-cyclohanone.png|255px|thumb|How a PNG thumb of this GIF would look like]] There is a [[w:c:Commons:Village_pump/Proposals#Create_PNG_thumbnails_of_static_GIF_images|proposal]] at the Commons Village Pump requesting feedback about the thumbnails of static GIF images: It states that static GIF files should have their thumbnails created in PNG. The advantages of PNG over GIF would be visible especially with GIF images using an alpha channel. (compare the thumbnails on the side) This change would affect all wikis, so if you support/oppose or want to give general feedback/concerns, please post them to the [[w:c:Commons:Village_pump/Proposals#Create_PNG_thumbnails_of_static_GIF_images|proposal page]]. Thank you. --[[w:c:User:McZusatz|McZusatz]] ([[w:c:User talk:McZusatz|talk]]) & [[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង០៧:០៩ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី២៤ ខែកក្កដា ឆ្នាំ២០១៥ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:-revi@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12485605 --> == What does a Healthy Community look like to you? == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Community Health Cover art News portal.png|300px|right]] Hi, <br> The Community Engagement department at the Wikimedia Foundation has launched a new learning campaign. The WMF wants to record community impressions about what makes a healthy online community. Share your views and/or create a drawing and take a chance to win a Wikimania 2016 scholarship! Join the WMF as we begin a conversation about Community Health. Contribute a drawing or answer the questions [[meta:Grants:Evaluation/Community Health learning campaign|on the campaign's page.]] === Why get involved? === '''The world is changing. The way we relate to knowledge is transforming.''' As the next billion people come online, the Wikimedia movement is working to bring more users on the wiki projects. The way we interact and collaborate online are key to building sustainable projects. How accessible are Wikimedia projects to newcomers today? Are we helping each other learn? <br/> Share your views on this matter that affects us all! <br> '''We invite everyone to take part in this learning campaign. Wikimedia Foundation will distribute one Wikimania Scholarship 2016 among those participants who are eligible.''' === More information === * All participants must have a registered user of at least one month antiquity on any Wikimedia project before the starting date of the campaign. * <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"> All eligible contributions must be done until '''August 23, 2015 at <nowiki>23:59</nowiki> UTC''' </span> * <big> Wiki link: '''[[meta:Grants:Evaluation/Community Health learning campaign|Community Health learning campaign]]''' </big> * URL https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Evaluation/Community_Health_learning_campaign * Contact: [[meta:user:MCruz (WMF)|María Cruz]] / Twitter: {{@}}WikiEval #CommunityHealth / email: eval{{@}}wikimedia{{dot}}org <br> Happy editing! <br> <br> [[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង២៣:៤៣ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី៣១ ខែកក្កដា ឆ្នាំ២០១៥ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:MCruz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12909005 --> == Wikidata: Access to data from arbitrary items is coming == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> (Sorry for writing in English) When using data from Wikidata on Wikipedia and other sister projects, there is currently a limitation in place that hinders some use cases: data can only be accessed from the corresponding item. So, for example, the Wikipedia article about Berlin can only get data from the Wikidata item about Berlin but not from the item about Germany. This had technical reasons. We are now removing this limitation. It is already done for many projects. Your project is one of the next ones. We will roll out this feature here on August 12. We invite you to play around with this new feature if you are one of the people who have been waiting for this for a long time. If you have technical issues/questions with this you can come to [[d:Wikidata:Contact the development team]]. A note of caution: Please be careful with how many items you use for a single page. If it is too many pages, loading might get slow. We will have to see how the feature behaves in production to see where we need to tweak and how. How to use it, once it is enabled: * Parser function: <nowiki>{{#property:P36|from=Q183}}</nowiki> to get the capital from the item about Germany * Lua: see [[mw:Extension:Wikibase Client/Lua]] Cheers [[:d:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] [[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង១៧:៤៦ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី០៣ ខែសីហា ឆ្នាំ២០១៥ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lydia_Pintscher_(WMDE)/Distribution_List&oldid=12981073 --> == Wikidata: Access to data from arbitrary items is here == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> (Sorry for writing in English) Hi everyone, As I have previously announced here we have now enabled the arbitrary access feature here. This means from now on you can make use of data from any Wikidata item in any article here. Before you could for example only access data about Berlin in the article about Berlin. If you want to find out more or have questions please come to [[d:Wikidata:Arbitrary access]]. I hope this will open up great possibilities for you and make your work easier. Cheers [[:d:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)]] ម៉ោង១៣:៣២ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី១២ ខែសីហា ឆ្នាំ២០១៥ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lydia_Pintscher_(WMDE)/Distribution_List&oldid=12983468 --> == How can we improve Wikimedia grants to support you better? == ''My apologies for posting this message in English. Please help translate it if you can.'' Hello, The Wikimedia Foundation would like your feedback about how we can '''[[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants|reimagine Wikimedia Foundation grants]]''', to better support people and ideas in your Wikimedia project. Ways to participate: *Respond to questions on [[m:Grants talk:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants|the discussion page of the idea]]. *Join a [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|small group conversation]]. *Learn more about [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants/Consultation|this consultation]]. Feedback is welcome in any language. With thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]], [[m:Community Resources|Community Resources]], Wikimedia Foundation. ([[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants/ProjectTargets|''Opt-out Instructions'']]) <small>This message was sent by [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] through [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]].</small> ម៉ោង០០:៥៧ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី១៩ ខែសីហា ឆ្នាំ២០១៥ (UTC) == How can we improve Wikimedia grants to support you better? == ''My apologies for posting this message in English. Please help translate it if you can.'' Hello, The Wikimedia Foundation would like your feedback about how we can '''[[Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants|reimagine Wikimedia Foundation grants]]''', to better support people and ideas in your Wikimedia project. Ways to participate: *Respond to questions on [[Grants talk:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants|the discussion page of the idea]]. *Join a [[Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|small group conversation]]. *Learn more about [[Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants/Consultation|this consultation]]. Feedback is welcome in any language. With thanks, [[User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]], [[Community Resources]], Wikimedia Foundation. ([[Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants/ProjectTargets|''Opt-out Instructions'']]) <small>This message was sent by {{user|I JethroBT (WMF)}} through [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]].</small> ម៉ោង០១:១៩ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី១៩ ខែសីហា ឆ្នាំ២០១៥ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining_WMF_grants/ProjectTargets&oldid=13196071 --> == Introducing the Wikimedia public policy site == Hi all, We are excited to introduce a new Wikimedia Public Policy site. The site includes resources and position statements on access, copyright, censorship, intermediary liability, and privacy. The site explains how good public policy supports the Wikimedia projects, editors, and mission. Visit the public policy portal: https://policy.wikimedia.org/ Please help translate the [[m:Public policy|statements on Meta Wiki]]. You can [http://blog.wikimedia.org/2015/09/02/new-wikimedia-public-policy-site/ read more on the Wikimedia blog]. Thanks, [[m:User:YWelinder (WMF)|Yana]] and [[m:User:Slaporte (WMF)|Stephen]] ([[m:User talk:Slaporte (WMF)|Talk]]) ម៉ោង១៨:១២ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី០២ ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ២០១៥ (UTC) ''(Sent with the [[m:MassMessage#Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery system]])'' <!-- Message sent by User:Slaporte (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Slaporte_(WMF)/Announcing_public_policy_site&oldid=13439030 --> == Open call for Individual Engagement Grants == ''My apologies for posting this message in English. Please help translate it if you can.'' Greetings! The '''[[m:IEG|Individual Engagement Grants program]] is accepting proposals''' until September 29th to fund new tools, community-building processes, and other experimental ideas that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers. Whether you need a small or large amount of funds (up to $30,000 USD), Individual Engagement Grants can support you and your team’s project development time in addition to project expenses such as materials, travel, and rental space. *[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]] *[[m:Grants:IdeaLab|'''Get help''' with your proposal in IdeaLab]] or [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|an upcoming Hangout session]] *[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|'''Learn from examples''' of completed Individual Engagement Grants]] Thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]], [[m:Community Resources|Community Resources]], Wikimedia Foundation. ម៉ោង២០:៥២ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី០៤ ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ២០១៥ (UTC) ([[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)/IEG 2015 Targets|''Opt-out Instructions'']]) <small>This message was sent by [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:I JethroBT (WMF)|talk]]) through [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]].</small> <!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:I_JethroBT_(WMF)/IEG_2015_Targets&oldid=13476366 --> == New Wikipedia Library Database Access (September 2015) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: * '''[[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCOHost]]''' - this is one of our largest access donations so far: access to a wide variety of academic, newspaper and magazine sources through their Academic Search Complete, Business Source Complete and MasterFILE Complete * '''[[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]''' - historical newspapers from the United States, Canada, UK and 20 other countries, and includes an Open Access "clipping" feature (1000 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:IMF|IMF Elibary]]'''- a digital collection of the IMF's reports, studies and research on global economics and development (50 accounts) * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Sabinet|Sabinet]]''' - one of the largest African digital publishers, based in South Africa, with a wide range of content in English and other European and African languages (10 accounts) * '''[[w:fr:Wikipédia:Numérique Premium|Numérique Premium]]''' - a French language social science and humanities ebook database, with topical collections on a wide range of topics (100) *'''[[w:ar:ويكيبيديا:مكتبة_ويكيبيديا/المنهل|Al Manhal]]''' - an Arabic and English database with a wide range of sources, largely focused on or published in the Middle East (60 accounts) *'''[[w:ar:ويكيبيديا:مكتبة ويكيبيديا/جملون|Jamalon]]''' - an Arabic book distributor, who is providing targeted book delivery to volunteers (50 editors) Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including expanded accounts for [[w:en:WP:Elsevier ScienceDirect|Elsevier ScienceDirect]], [[w:en:WP:BMJ|British Medical Journal]] and [[w:en:WP:Dynamed|Dynamed]] and additional accounts for [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]], [[w:en:WP:Highbeam|Highbeam]] and [[w:en:HeinOnline|HeinOnline]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 19:42, 16 September 2015 (UTC) :''We need help! Help us coordinate Wikipedia Library's distribution of accounts, communication of access opportunities and more! Please join our team at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup our new coordinator signup].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=13664781 --> == Only one week left for Individual Engagement Grant proposals! == (Apologies for using English below, please help translate if you are able.) '''There is still one week left to submit [[m:IEG|Individual Engagement Grant]] (IEG) proposals''' before the September 29th deadline. If you have ideas for new tools, community-building processes, and other experimental projects that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers, start your proposal today! Please encourage others who have great ideas to apply as well. Support is available if you want help turning your idea into a grant request. *[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]] *[[m:Grants:IdeaLab|'''Get help''' with your proposal in IdeaLab]] *[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|'''Learn from examples''' of completed Individual Engagement Grants]] [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]], [[m:Community Resources|Community Resources]] ម៉ោង២១:០១ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី២២ ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ២០១៥ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:I_JethroBT_(WMF)/IEG_2015_Targets&oldid=13754911 --> == Reimagining WMF grants report == ''(My apologies for using English here, please help translate if you are able.)'' Last month, we asked for community feedback on [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants| a proposal to change the structure of WMF grant programs]]. Thanks to the 200+ people who participated! '''[[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining_WMF_grants/Outcomes| A report]]''' on what we learned and changed based on this consultation is now available. Come read about the findings and next steps as WMF’s Community Resources team begins to implement changes based on your feedback. Your questions and comments are welcome on [[m:Grants talk:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants/Outcomes|the outcomes discussion page]]. With thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] ម៉ោង១៦:៥៦ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី២៨ ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ២០១៥ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining_WMF_grants/ProjectTargets&oldid=13850666 --> == Reimagining WMF grants report == ''(My apologies for using English here, please help translate if you are able.)'' Last month, we asked for community feedback on [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants| a proposal to change the structure of WMF grant programs]]. Thanks to the 200+ people who participated! '''[[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining_WMF_grants/Outcomes| A report]]''' on what we learned and changed based on this consultation is now available. Come read about the findings and next steps as WMF’s Community Resources team begins to implement changes based on your feedback. Your questions and comments are welcome on [[m:Grants talk:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants/Outcomes|the outcomes discussion page]]. With thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] ម៉ោង១៨:១៨ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី២៨ ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ២០១៥ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining_WMF_grants/ProjectTargets&oldid=13850666 --> == Community Wishlist Survey == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi everyone! Apologies for posting in English. Translations are very welcome. The [[:m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation is focused on building improved curation and moderation tools for experienced Wikimedia contributors. We're now starting a '''[[:m:2015 Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]]''' to find the most useful projects that we can work on. For phase 1 of the survey, we're inviting all active contributors to submit brief proposals, explaining the project that you'd like us to work on, and why it's important. Phase 1 will last for 2 weeks. In phase 2, we'll ask you to vote on the proposals. Afterwards, we'll analyze the top 10 proposals and create a prioritized wishlist. While most of this process will be conducted in English, we're inviting people from any Wikimedia wiki to submit proposals. We'll also invite volunteer translators to help translate proposals into English. Your proposal should include: the problem that you want to solve, who would benefit, and a proposed solution, if you have one. You can submit your proposal on the Community Wishlist Survey page, using the entry field and the big blue button. We will be accepting proposals for 2 weeks, ending on November 23. We're looking forward to hearing your ideas! </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Community Tech Team via [[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង២១:៥៧ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី០៩ ខែវិច្ឆិកា ឆ្នាំ២០១៥ (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Target_lists/Global_distribution&oldid=14554458 --> == Wikimania 2016 scholarships ambassadors needed == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello! [[wm2016:|Wikimania 2016]] scholarships will soon be open; by the end of the week we'll form the committee and we need your help, see [[wm2016:Special:MyLanguage/Scholarship committee|Scholarship committee]] for details. If you want to carefully review nearly a thousand applications in January, you might be a perfect committee member. Otherwise, you can '''volunteer as "ambassador"''': you will observe all the committee activities, ensure that people from your language or project manage to apply for a scholarship, translate '''scholarship applications written in your language''' to English and so on. Ambassadors are allowed to ask for a scholarship, unlike committee members. [[wm2016:Scholarship committee|Wikimania 2016 scholarships subteam]] ម៉ោង១០:៤៨ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី១០ ខែវិច្ឆិកា ឆ្នាំ២០១៥ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Nemo bis@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=14347818 --> == Harassment consultation == {{int:Please-translate}} The Community Advocacy team the Wikimedia Foundation has opened a consultation on the topic of '''harassment''' on [[m:Harassment consultation 2015|Meta]]. The consultation period is intended to run for one month from today, November 16, and end on December 17. Please share your thoughts there on harassment-related issues facing our communities and potential solutions. (Note: this consultation is not intended to evaluate specific cases of harassment, but rather to discuss the problem of harassment itself.) ::*[[m:Harassment consultation 2015|Harassment consultation 2015]] :Regards, [[m:Community Advocacy|Community Advocacy, Wikimedia Foundation]] <!-- Message sent by User:PEarley (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PEarley_(WMF)/Inspire_Mass_Message&oldid=14684364 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|Your input requested on the proposed #FreeBassel banner campaign]] == ''This is a message regarding the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner|proposed 2015 Free Bassel banner]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|Translations]] are available.'' Hi everyone, This is to inform all Wikimedia contributors that a [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner/Straw poll|straw poll seeking your involvement]] has just been started on Meta-Wiki. As some of your might be aware, a small group of Wikimedia volunteers have proposed a banner campaign informing Wikipedia readers about the urgent situation of our fellow Wikipedian, open source software developer and Creative Commons activist, [[:w:Bassel Khartabil|Bassel Khartabil]]. An exemplary [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner|banner]] and an [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner|explanatory page]] have now been prepared, and translated into about half a dozen languages by volunteer translators. We are seeking [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner/Straw poll|your involvement to decide]] if the global Wikimedia community approves starting a banner campaign asking Wikipedia readers to call on the Syrian government to release Bassel from prison. We understand that a campaign like this would be unprecedented in Wikipedia's history, which is why we're seeking the widest possible consensus among the community. Given Bassel's urgent situation and the resulting tight schedule, we ask everyone to [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner/Straw poll|get involved with the poll and the discussion]] to the widest possible extent, and to promote it among your communities as soon as possible. (Apologies for writing in English; please kindly [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|translate]] this message into your own language.) Thank you for your participation! ''Posted by the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] 21:47, 25 November 2015 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|Translate]] • [[:m:Talk:Free Bassel/Banner|Get help]] <!-- Message sent by User:Varnent@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=14758733 --> == Community Wishlist Survey == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi everyone! Apologies for posting this in English. Translations are very welcome. We're beginning the second part of the Community Tech team's '''[[:m:2015 Community Wishlist Survey/Voting|Community Wishlist Survey]]''', and we're inviting all active contributors to vote on the proposals that have been submitted. Thanks to you and other Wikimedia contributors, 111 proposals were submitted to the team. We've split the proposals into categories, and now it's time to vote! You can vote for any proposal listed on the pages, using the <nowiki>{{Support}}</nowiki> tag. Feel free to add comments pro or con, but only support votes will be counted. The voting period will be 2 weeks, ending on December 14. The proposals with the most support votes will be the team's top priority backlog to investigate and address. Thank you for participating, and we're looking forward to hearing what you think! Community Tech via </div> [[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង១៤:៣៨ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី០១ ខែធ្នូ ឆ្នាំ២០១៥ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Target_lists/Global_distribution&oldid=14913494 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (December 2015) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: * [[w:en:WP:Gale|Gale]] - multidisciplinary periodicals, newspapers, and reference sources - 10 accounts * [[w:en:Wikipedia:Brill|Brill]] - academic e-books and journals in English, Dutch, and other languages - 25 accounts * [[w:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian_Lähdekirjasto/Suomalaisen_Kirjallisuuden_Seura|Finnish Literature Society]] (in Finnish) * [[w:fa:ویکی‌پدیا:مگ‌ایران|Magiran]] (in Farsi) - scientific journal articles - 100 articles * [[w:fa:ویکی‌پدیا:سیویلیکا|Civilica]] (in Farsi) - Iranian journal articles, seminars, and conferences - 50 accounts Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], and [[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[m:The Wikipedia Library/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 01:01, 11 December 2015 (UTC) :''Help us a start Wikipedia Library in your language! Email us at wikipedialibrary@wikimedia.org''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Matiia@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=14689842 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15|Get involved in Wikipedia 15!]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/MassMessages/Get involved|Translations]] are available.'' [[File:International-Space-Station wordmark blue.svg|right|200px]] As many of you know, January 15 is Wikipedia’s 15th Birthday! People around the world are getting involved in the celebration and have started adding their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Events|events on Meta Page]]. While we are celebrating Wikipedia's birthday, we hope that all projects and affiliates will be able to utilize this celebration to raise awareness of our community's efforts. Haven’t started planning? Don’t worry, there’s lots of ways to get involved. Here are some ideas: * '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Events|Join/host an event]]'''. We already have more than 80, and hope to have many more. * '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Media|Talk to local press]]'''. In the past 15 years, Wikipedia has accomplished extraordinary things. We’ve made a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/15 years|handy summary]] of milestones and encourage you to add your own. More resources, including a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Media#releases|press release template]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Communications/Movement Communications Skills|resources on working with the media]], are also available. * '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Material|Design a Wikipedia 15 logo]]'''. In place of a single icon for Wikipedia 15, we’re making dozens. Add your own with something fun and representative of your community. Just use the visual guide so they share a common sensibility. * '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Events/Package#birthdaywish|Share a message on social media]]'''. Tell the world what Wikipedia means to you, and add #wikipedia15 to the post. We might re-tweet or share your message! Everything is linked on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15|Wikipedia 15 Meta page]]. You’ll find a set of ten data visualization works that you can show at your events, and a [[c:Category:Wikipedia15 Mark|list of all the Wikipedia 15 logos]] that community members have already designed. If you have any questions, please contact [[m:User:ZMcCune (WMF)|Zachary McCune]] or [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]]. Thanks and Happy nearly Wikipedia 15!<br /> -The Wikimedia Foundation Communications team ''Posted by the [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]], ម៉ោង២០:៥៨ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី១៨ ខែធ្នូ ឆ្នាំ២០១៥ (UTC) • [[m:Wikipedia 15/MassMessages/Get involved|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Wikipedia 15|{{int:help}}]] </div> <!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=15158198 --> == Wikimania 2016 Scholarships - Deadline soon! == :{{int:Please-translate}} A reminder - applications for scholarships for Wikimania 2016 in Esino Lario, Italy, are closing soon! Please get your applications in by January 9th. To apply, visit the page below: :*[https://wikimania2016.wikimedia.org/wiki/Scholarships Wikimania 2016 Scholarships] [[User:PEarley (WMF)|Patrick Earley (WMF)]] via [[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង០១:៤៩ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី០៥ ខែមករា ឆ្នាំ២០១៦ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:PEarley (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PEarley_(WMF)/Mass_Message_-_large&oldid=15209973 --> == 2016 WMF Strategy consultation == :{{int:Please-translate}} Hello, all. The Wikimedia Foundation (WMF) has launched a consultation to help create and prioritize WMF strategy beginning July 2016 and for the 12 to 24 months thereafter. This consultation will be open, on Meta, from 18 January to 26 February, after which the Foundation will also use these ideas to help inform its Annual Plan. (More on our timeline can be found on that Meta page.) Your input is welcome (and greatly desired) at the Meta discussion, [[:m:2016 Strategy/Community consultation|2016 Strategy/Community consultation]]. Apologies for English, where this is posted on a non-English project. We thought it was more important to get the consultation translated as much as possible, and good headway has been made there in some languages. There is still much to do, however! We created [[:m:2016 Strategy/Translations]] to try to help coordinate what needs translation and what progress is being made. :) If you have questions, please reach out to me on my talk page or on the strategy consultation's talk page or by email to mdennis@wikimedia.org. I hope you'll join us! [[:m:User:Mdennis (WMF)|Maggie Dennis]] via [[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង១៩:០៧ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី១៨ ខែមករា ឆ្នាំ២០១៦ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Mdennis (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PEarley_(WMF)/Mass_Message_-_large&oldid=15253743 --> == The visual editor is coming to this wiki == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Norwegian-road-sign-110.0 (fluorescent).svg|right|frameless]] ''Hello. Please excuse the English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}'' Hi everybody, My name is Erica, and I am a [[:mw:Community Engagement (Product)|Community Liaison]] at the Wikimedia Foundation. I'm here to let you know that <mark>[[mw:VisualEditor/Portal|'''the visual editor''']] is coming to editors at this Wikipedia soon.</mark> It allows people to edit Wikipedia articles as if they were using word processing software. You don't have to wait until the deployment to test it; '''you can test the visual editor right now.''' To turn it on, select [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|"{{int:betafeatures-toplink}}"]] in your preferences. Choose "{{int:visualeditor}}" and click save. When it is enabled, you will press the "{{int:vector-view-edit}}" button to edit an article in the new software. To use the wikitext editor, you can press "{{int:visualeditor-ca-editsource}}". After the deployment, everyone will automatically have the option to use either the visual editor or the current wikitext editor. For more information about how to use the visual editor, see [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/User guide]]. More information about [[mediawikiwiki:Help:VisualEditor/VE_as_the_main_editor|preparing for the visual editor is posted here]]. * It's easier to add templates if you've added [[mw:TemplateData|TemplateData]] information. * Please help translate the user interface and pages about the visual editor. See [[:mw:VisualEditor/TranslationCentral|the visual editor's TranslationCentral]] for general information. To translate the user guide, go to [[mediawikiwiki:Help:VisualEditor/User_guide|the MediaWiki.org page]], and select "{{int:translate-tag-translate-link-desc}}". Your language should be available from the drop-down menu on the right. Once you've done this, you'll see the document in English, side by side with any translation work already done in your language. You can add new translations or change old translations. To [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&group=ext-visualeditor-0-all&language= translate the user interface], you need to create an account at translatewiki.net. [[:mediawikiwiki:User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)|Contact me personally]] if you need help with that. * Please let us know if you find any problems. You can report issues in [[phab:|Phabricator, the new bug tracking system]] or on the [[:mw:Topic:St8y4ni42d0vr9cv|central feedback page]] on MediaWiki.org. If you notice major issues affecting your project, please leave a note [[:mw:User talk:Elitre (WMF)|on my talk page]]. <div style="float: right;">''[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/Phase_6_wikis|Wrong target page? Fix it here]] • [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Sign up for the visual editor's multilingual newsletter]] ''</div> Thank you, and happy editing! --[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] [[:mw:User talk:Elitre (WMF)|(talk)]] ម៉ោង១៨:២៩ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី០៥ ខែកុម្ភៈ ឆ្នាំ២០១៦ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Phase_6_wikis&oldid=15312196 --> == Reminder: the visual editor is coming to this wiki soon == <div dir="ltr" class="me-content-ltr" lang="en"> [[File:Twemoji 23f0.svg|right|frameless]] ''Hello again. Please excuse the English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}'' This is a reminder that [[mw:VisualEditor/Portal|'''the visual editor''']] is coming to all editors at this Wikipedia soon. As of this writing, the team is not aware of any issues specific to this language that should prevent the new software to be deployed here; therefore, please do let us know if you find any problems instead. You can report issues in [[phab:|Phabricator, the new bug tracking system]] or on the [[:mw:Topic:St8y4ni42d0vr9cv|central feedback page]] on MediaWiki.org. There is a '''[[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/VE as the main editor|short guide at mediawiki.org]]''' that you can follow (as if it was a "checklist") to learn about the community work necessary to adapt the visual editor, and its referencing system in particular, to your community's needs. If you can translate from English into this wiki's language, or know anyone who can, please follow the links below; '''just a little effort is required to make this language progress toward translations' completion!''' You'll help your community get the best possible experience when it comes to [[:mw:VisualEditor/TranslationCentral#To_do|interface messages and documentation related to the visual editor]]. <small>After you click on any links, your language should be available from the drop-down menu on the right. Once you've selected it, you'll see the document in English side by side with any translation work already done in your language. You can add new translations or modify existing ones. The interface is hosted at https://translatewiki.net; you'll need an account if you never translated there before. The other pages are at Mediawiki.org, for which you can use your regular Wikipedia account. [[:mw:User talk:Elitre (WMF)|You're welcome to contact me personally]] whenever you need help. </small> *'''[https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&group=ext-visualeditor-0-all&language= Interface messages]''' *'''[https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Help%3AVisualEditor%2FUser+guide&language=&filter=%21translated&action=translate User Guide]''' Thank you for your cooperation, and happy editing! --[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] [[:mw:User talk:Elitre (WMF)|(talk)]] ម៉ោង១៦:៣៥ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី២៦ ខែកុម្ភៈ ឆ្នាំ២០១៦ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Phase_6_wikis_with_translations&oldid=15362933 --> == Completion suggestor == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> == Updates to wiki search auto completion are arriving 10 March== Hello! {{Int:Please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} The [[:m:User:CKoerner (WMF)/Work/Completion Suggester beta reminder and coming soon|completion suggester beta feature]] will become the default at the first group of wikis on '''Thursday, 10 March'''. This initial rollout will start with some of the smaller wikis to ensure the change happens in an organized way. The remaining wikis will receive the update on Wednesday, 16 March. This update brings three major improvements to search. Improved search result ordering, a tolerance for a small number of spelling errors, and suggests fewer typos. Since December 2015, 19,000 editors have already opted into the completion suggester beta feature. Contributors are encouraged to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|try out the feature]] ahead of the release. Please share any comments on the Completion Suggester [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/CompletionSuggester|discussion page]] in any language. To learn more about the work of the Discovery department and other improvements to search, please check out [[wmfblog:2015/12/23/search-and-discovery-on-wikipedia/|the Wikimedia blog]]. Read about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch|CirrusSearch]], the MediaWiki extension that makes wiki search possible.</div> - [[User:CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង២២:០៩ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី០៧ ខែមីនា ឆ្នាំ២០១៦ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Work/Completion_Suggester_inital_rollout/Target_list&oldid=15420104 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (March 2016) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}}'' Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for access to research materials from: * '''[[w:en:WP:Cambridge|Cambridge University Press]]''' - a major publisher of academic journals and e-books in a variety of subject areas. Access includes both Cambridge Journals Online and Cambridge Books. 25 accounts. * '''[[w:en:WP:Alexander Street|Alexander Street ''Academic Video Online'']]''' - a large academic video collection good for a wide range of subjects, including news programs (such as PBS and BBC), music and theatre, lectures and demonstrations, and documentaries. 25 accounts. * '''[[w:en:WP:Baylor|Baylor University Press]]''' - a publisher of academic e-books primarily in religious studies and the humanities. 50 accounts. * '''[[w:en:WP:Future Science Group|Future Science Group]]''' - a publisher of medical, biotechnological and scientific research. 30 accounts. * '''[[w:en:WP:Annual Reviews|Annual Reviews]]''' - a publisher of review articles in the biomedical sciences. 100 accounts. * '''[[w:en:WP:Miramar|Miramar Ship Index]]''' - an index to ships and their histories since the early 19th century. 30 accounts. '''Non-English''' *'''[[w:fa:ویکی‌پدیا:نورمگز|Noormags]]''' - Farsi-language aggregator of academic and professional journals and magazines. 30 accounts. *'''[[w:ar:ويكيبيديا:مكتبة ويكيبيديا/كتبنا|Kotobna]]''' - Arabic-language ebook publishing platform. 20 accounts. '''Expansions''' *'''[[w:en:WP:Gale|Gale]]''' - aggregator of newspapers, magazines and journals. 50 accounts. *'''[[w:en:WP:Elsevier|Elsevier ScienceDirect]]''' - an academic publishing company that publishes medical and scientific literature. 100 accounts. Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:De Gruyter|De Gruyter]], [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] and [[w:en:WP:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] ម៉ោង២០:៣០ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី១៧ ខែមីនា ឆ្នាំ២០១៦ (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].'' :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=15424370 --> == Open Call for Individual Engagement Grants == [[File:IEG barnstar 2.png|right|100px]] {{int:Please-translate}}: Greetings! The '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/IEG|Individual Engagement Grants (IEG) program]] is accepting proposals''' until April 12th to fund new tools, research, outreach efforts, and other experiments that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers. Whether you need a small or large amount of funds (up to $30,000 USD), IEGs can support you and your team’s project development time in addition to project expenses such as materials, travel, and rental space. *[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab|'''draft''' your proposal]] in IdeaLab *[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|'''Get help''' with your proposal]] in an upcoming Hangout session *[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|'''Learn from examples''' of completed Individual Engagement Grants]] With thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] ម៉ោង១៥:៤៧ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី៣១ ខែមីនា ឆ្នាំ២០១៦ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:I_JethroBT_(WMF)/IEG_2015_Targets&oldid=15490024 --> == Server switch 2016 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its newest data center in Dallas. This will make sure Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to conduct a planned test. This test will show whether they can reliably switch from one data center to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. They will switch all traffic to the new data center on '''Tuesday, 19 April'''.<br/> On '''Thursday, 21 April''', they will switch back to the primary data center. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop during those two switches. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for approximately 15 to 30 minutes on Tuesday, 19 April and Thursday, 21 April, starting at 14:00 UTC (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 07:00 PDT). If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. *There will be a code freeze for the week of 18 April. No non-essential code deployments will take place. This test was originally planned to take place on March 22. April 19th and 21st are the new dates. You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for Q3 FY2015-2016 rollout|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. They will post any changes on that schedule. There will be more notifications about this. '''Please share this information with your community.''' /[[m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង២១:០៨ ថ្ងៃអាទិត្យ ទី១៧ ខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ២០១៦ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tech/Server_switch_2016/Delivery_list&oldid=15533827 --> == Wikipedia to the Moon == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello! Sorry that this is in English only, but we are using village pump messaging in order to reach as many language communities as possible. Wrong page? Please fix it [[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|here]]. This is an invitation to all Wikipedians: Wikimedia Deutschland has been given data space to include Wikipedia content in an upcoming mission to the Moon. (No joke!) We have launched a community discussion about how to do that, because we feel that this is for the global community of editors. Please, '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia to the Moon|join the discussion on Meta-Wiki]]''' (and translate this invitation to your language community)! Best, [[:m:Talk:Wikipedia to the Moon|Moon team at Wikimedia Deutschland]] ម៉ោង១៥:៣៥ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី២១ ខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ២០១៦ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Martin Rulsch (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&oldid=15542536 --> == Wikipedia to the Moon: voting has begun == Hello, after six weeks of community discussion about [https://moon.wikimedia.org Wikipedia to the Moon], there are now 10 different proposals for content for the mission. Starting today, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia_to_the_Moon/Voting|you can vote for them on Meta-Wiki]], and decide what we will work on: a Wikipedia canon, different lists, the Moon in 300 languages, an astronomy editathon, featured articles, articles about technology, endangered things, or DNA-related topics. You can even vote against community involvement. Voting is open until 24 June. Sorry that this message is again in English only, but we are using village pumps to reach as many communities as possible, so that everyone knows they can vote. Best, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia to the Moon/About|Moon team at Wikimedia Deutschland]] ម៉ោង១៥:៣១ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី១០ ខែមិថុនា ឆ្នាំ២០១៦ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Martin Rulsch (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&oldid=15542536 --> == Compact Links coming soon to this wiki == {{int:Please-translate}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Compact-language-links-list.png|thumb|Screenshot of Compact Language Links interlanguage list]] Hello, I wanted to give a heads up about an upcoming feature for this wiki, which you may already seen in the latest issue of [[:m:Tech/News/2016/25|Tech News]]. [[:mw:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|Compact Language Links]] has been available as a beta-feature on all Wikimedia wikis since 2014. With compact language links enabled, users are shown a much shorter list of languages on the interlanguage link section of an article (see image). This will be enabled as a feature in the coming week for all users, which can be turned on or off using a preference setting. We look forward to your feedback and please do let us know if you have any questions. Details about Compact Language Links can be read in the [[:mw:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|project documentation]]. Due to the large scale enablement of this feature, we have had to use [[:m:Global_message_delivery|MassMessage]] for this announcement and as a result it is only written in English. We will really appreciate if this message can be translated for other users of this wiki. Thank you. On behalf of the Wikimedia Language team: [[:mw:User:Runab_WMF|Runa Bhattacharjee (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Runab_WMF|talk]]) ម៉ោង១៤:០១ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី២៤ ខែមិថុនា ឆ្នាំ២០១៦ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Runab WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/ULS_Compact_Links/28_June&oldid=15721303 --> == Compact Language Links enabled in this wiki today == {{int:Please-translate}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Compact-language-links-list.png|thumb|Screenshot of Compact Language Links interlanguage list]] [[:mw:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|Compact Language Links]] has been available as a beta-feature on all Wikimedia wikis since 2014. With compact language links enabled, users are shown a much shorter list of languages on the interlanguage link section of an article (see image). Based on several factors, this shorter list of languages is expected to be more relevant for them and valuable for finding similar content in a language known to them. More information about compact language links can be found in [[:mw:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|the documentation]]. From today onwards, compact language links has been enabled as the default listing of interlanguage links on this wiki. However, using the button at the bottom, you will be able to see a longer list of all the languages the article has been written in. The setting for this compact list can be changed by using the checkbox under ''User Preferences -> Appearance -> Languages'' The compact language links feature has been tested extensively by the Wikimedia Language team, which developed it. However, in case there are any problems or other feedback please let us know on the [[:mw:Talk:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|project talk page]]. It is to be noted that on some wikis the presence of an existing older gadget that was used for a similar purpose may cause an interference for compact language list. We would like to bring this to the attention of the admins of this wiki. Full details are on [[phab:T131455|this phabricator ticket]] (in English). Due to the large scale enablement of this feature, we have had to use [[:m:Global_message_delivery|MassMessage]] for this announcement and as a result it is only written in English. We will really appreciate if this message can be translated for other users of this wiki. Thank you. On behalf of the Wikimedia Language team: [[:mw:User:Runab_WMF|Runa Bhattacharjee (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Runab_WMF|talk]])-ម៉ោង០៤:២១ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី២៨ ខែមិថុនា ឆ្នាំ២០១៦ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Runab WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/ULS_Compact_Links/28_June&oldid=15728024 --> == Wikipedia to the Moon: invitation to edit == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Three weeks ago, you were invited to vote on how to take Wikipedia articles to the Moon. Community voting is over and the winning idea is to send all ‘’featured articles and lists’’ to the Moon. This decision means that, starting today, Wikipedians from all language communities are warmly invited to intensively work on their best articles and lists, and submit them to Wikipedia to the Moon. The central site to coordinate between communities will be Meta-Wiki. You will find an [[m:Wikipedia to the Moon/Working|overview and more information there]]. Hopefully, we will be able to represent as many languages as possible, to show Wikipedia’s diversity. Please feel kindly invited to edit on behalf of your community and tell us about your work on featured content! Best, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia to the Moon/About|Moon team at Wikimedia Deutschland]] ម៉ោង១៤:១០ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី០១ ខែកក្កដា ឆ្នាំ២០១៦ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&oldid=15542536 --> == Open call for Project Grants == [[File:IEG barnstar 2.png|right|100px]] {{int:Please-translate}}: :Greetings! The '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Project|Project Grants program]] is accepting proposals''' from July 1st to August 2nd to fund new tools, research, offline outreach (including editathon series, workshops, etc), online organizing (including contests), and other experiments that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers. :Whether you need a small or large amount of funds, Project Grants can support you and your team’s project development time in addition to project expenses such as materials, travel, and rental space. :*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Project/Apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab|'''draft''' your proposal]] in IdeaLab :*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|'''Get help with your proposal''']] in an upcoming Hangout session :*'''Learn from examples''' of completed [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|Individual Engagement Grants]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:PEG/Requests#Grants_funded_by_the_WMF_in_FY_2015.E2.80.9316|Project and Event Grants]] :Also accepting candidates to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Project/Quarterly/Committee|join the Project Grants Committee through July 15.]] :With thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] ម៉ោង១៥:២៥ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី០៥ ខែកក្កដា ឆ្នាំ២០១៦ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:I_JethroBT_(WMF)/IEG_2015_Targets&oldid=15504704 --> == IMPORTANT: Admin activity review == Hello. A new policy regarding the removal of "advanced rights" (administrator, bureaucrat, etc) was adopted by [[:m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|global community consensus]] in 2013. According to this policy, the [[:m:stewards|stewards]] are reviewing administrators' activity on smaller wikis. To the best of our knowledge, your wiki does not have a formal process for removing "advanced rights" from inactive accounts. This means that the stewards will take care of this according to the [[:m:Admin activity review|admin activity review]]. We have determined that the following users meet the inactivity criteria (no edits and no log actions for more than 2 years): #T-Rithy (bureaucrat, administrator) These users will receive a notification soon, asking them to start a community discussion if they want to retain some or all of their rights. If the users do not respond, then their advanced rights will be removed by the stewards. However, if you as a community would like to create your own activity review process superseding the global one, want to make another decision about these inactive rights holders, or already have a policy that we missed, then please notify the [[:m:Stewards' noticeboard|stewards on Meta-Wiki]] so that we know not to proceed with the rights review on your wiki. Thanks, '''[[User:Rschen7754|Rs]][[User talk:Rschen7754|chen]][[Special:Contributions/Rschen7754|7754]]''' ម៉ោង០៤:៣៧ ថ្ងៃសៅរ៍ ទី០៩ ខែកក្កដា ឆ្នាំ២០១៦ (UTC) == Save/Publish == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> The [[:mw:Editing|Editing]] team is planning to change the name of the [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&namespace=8&message=Savearticle “<bdi>{{int:Savearticle}}</bdi>”] button to [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&namespace=8&message=Publishpage “'''<bdi>{{int:Publishpage}}</bdi>'''”] and [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&namespace=8&message=Publishchanges “'''<bdi>{{int:Publishchanges}}</bdi>'''”]. “<bdi>{{int:Publishpage}}</bdi>” will be used when you create a new page. “<bdi>{{int:Publishchanges}}</bdi>” will be used when you change an existing page. The names will be consistent in all editing environments.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131132][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T139033] This change will probably happen during the week of 30 August 2016. The change will be announced in [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]] when it happens. If you are fluent in a language other than English, please check the status of translations at translatewiki.net for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&namespace=8&message=Publishpage “'''<bdi>{{int:Publishpage}}</bdi>'''”] and [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&namespace=8&message=Publishchanges “'''<bdi>{{int:Publishchanges}}</bdi>'''”]. The main reason for this change is to avoid confusion for new editors. Repeated user research studies with new editors have shown that some new editors believed that [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&namespace=8&message=Savearticle “<bdi>{{int:Savearticle}}</bdi>”] would save a private copy of a new page in their accounts, rather than permanently publishing their changes on the web. It is important for this part of the user interface to be clear, since it is difficult to remove public information after it is published. We believe that the confusion caused by the “<bdi>{{int:Savearticle}}</bdi>” button increases the workload for experienced editors, who have to clean up the information that people unintentionally disclose, and report it to the functionaries and stewards to suppress it. Clarifying what the button does will reduce this problem. Beyond that, the goal is to make all the wikis and languages more consistent, and some wikis made this change many years ago. The [[:m:Legal|Legal team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation supports this change. Making the edit interface easier to understand will make it easier to handle licensing and privacy questions that may arise. Any help pages or other basic documentation about how to edit pages will also need to be updated, on-wiki and elsewhere. On wiki pages, you can use the wikitext codes <code><nowiki>{{int:Publishpage}}</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>{{int:Publishchanges}}</nowiki></code> to display the new labels in the user's preferred language. For the language settings in [[Special:Preferences|your account preferences]], these wikitext codes produce “<bdi>{{int:Publishpage}}</bdi>” and “<bdi>{{int:Publishchanges}}</bdi>”. Please share this news with community members who teach new editors and with others who may be interested. </div> [[m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង១៨:០២ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី០៩ ខែសីហា ឆ្នាំ២០១៦ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=15790914 --> == New Wikipedia Library accounts available now (August 2016) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|publisher donation program]]. You can now sign up for new accounts and research materials from: * '''[[w:de:Wikipedia:Nomos|Nomos]]''' &ndash; Primarily German-language publisher of law and social sciences books and journals - 25 accounts * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:World Scientific|World Scientific]]''' &ndash; Scientific, technical, and medical journals - 50 accounts * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Edinburgh University Press|Edinburgh University Press]]''' &ndash; Humanities and social sciences journals - 25 accounts * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:American Psychological Association|American Psychological Association]]''' &ndash; Psychology books and journals - 10 accounts * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Emerald|Emerald]]''' &ndash; Journals on a range of topics including business, education, health care, and engineering - 10 accounts Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:de:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Gale|Gale]] and [[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] ម៉ោង១៨:៣៩ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី៣០ ខែសីហា ឆ្នាំ២០១៦ (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language! Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=15804509 --> == RevisionSlider == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> From September 13th on, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] will be available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]] in your wiki. The RevisionSlider adds a slider view to the diff page, so that you can easily move between revisions. The feature fulfills a wish from the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishlist]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature and we hope that it will serve you well in your work! </div> [[user:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] ម៉ោង១៥:០៨ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី១២ ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ២០១៦ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Birgit Müller (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_2&oldid=15903627 --> == Grants to improve your project == ''{{int:Please-translate}}:'' Greetings! The [[:m:Grants:Project|Project Grants program]] is currently accepting proposals for funding. There is just over a week left to submit before the October 11 deadline. If you have ideas for software, offline outreach, research, online community organizing, or other projects that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers, start your proposal today! Please encourage others who have great ideas to apply as well. Support is available if you want help turning your idea into a grant request. *'''[[:m:Grants:Project/Apply|Submit a grant request]]''' *'''Get help''': In [[:m:Grants:IdeaLab|IdeaLab]] or an upcoming [[:m:Grants:Project#Upcoming_events|Hangout session]] *'''Learn from examples''' of completed [[:m:Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|Individual Engagement Grants]] or [[:m:Grants:PEG/Requests#Grants_funded_by_the_WMF_in_FY_2015.E2.80.9316|Project and Event Grants]] [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:I JethroBT (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង២០:១១ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី៣០ ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ២០១៦ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:I_JethroBT_(WMF)/IEG_2015_Targets&oldid=15939807 --> == The visual editor will be enabled on this wiki in some days== ''Hello again. Please excuse the English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}'' As per previous announcements earlier this year, '''[[:mw:VisualEditor/Portal|the visual editor]] ({{int:visualeditor}}) will be enabled at this Wikipedia in some days. It allows people to edit articles as if they were using a typical word processor. Here's a quick explanation of what is going to happen''': you can find a more detailed one, with pictures, at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Single_edit_tab|mediawiki.org]]. [[File:VisualEditor and wikitext side-by-side.png|alt=Side by side screenshots, showing the visual appearance of both editing systems |center|frameless|720px]] ;What's changing? :In the new system, you get a <u>single edit tab which follows your preferences</u>, and that therefore will launch the wikitext editor '''or''' the visual editor depending on which one you opened the last (''{{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-remember-last}}''). <br> This applies to everyone who edited recently, including anonymous users. ;How do I switch to the ''other'' editor then? :Buttons on the toolbars of both editors were added months ago so that you can switch from one to the other every time you want to, without losing your changes and without having to save first. <br>The button, located on the right side of the toolbar, looks like square brackets ('''<nowiki>[[ ]]</nowiki>''') in the visual editor, and like a pencil ([[File:OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg|20px]]) in the wikitext editor. ;Are there other options available? :Yes. You can choose whether you want: * ''{{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-prefer-ve}}'' (if you temporarily switch to the wikitext editor through the button on the toolbar, the system won't remember it; also, it only applies to namespaces where the visual editor is available). * ''{{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-prefer-wt}}'' (if you temporarily switch to the visual editor through the button on the toolbar, the system won't remember it) * ''{{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-multi-tab}}'' (a system in place at multiple wikis since 2013. You are familiar with this option if you have been using the visual editor here.) **''Please note: all the users will always have the opportunity to switch to the other editor via buttons on the toolbars, for occasional edits''. ;How do I set my preference? *If you want to try or to stay in the new system: you don't need to do anything. *If you had explicitly disabled the visual editor in the past and want to keep it disabled: you don't need to do anything. *All the registered users have a dropdown menu in the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|Editing tab of their Preferences]] ({{int:prefs-editing}} --> {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs}}), where they can choose from. <u>This only needs to be done once</u>. Don't forget to save ;) **<small>Users with the visual editor disabled need to re-enable it if they're interested in accessing that menu!</small> *People who use the visual editor regularly will see a pop-up <u>(only once after the single edit tab system is introduced)</u>, and they can choose their favorite setting there. Of course, they can change their mind at any time just like the others, and pick a different setting from their Preferences. **Anonymous users who have used the visual editor recently will also be able to choose which editor they want to edit with. **''Reminder: all the users will always have the opportunity to switch to the other editor via buttons on the toolbars, for occasional edits''. ;Final remarks *<mark>Please spread the word about this major change</mark> in any way that you deem appropriate for this community, by linking to this announcement elsewhere, putting up a site notice, etc. Please note it will affect all the registered users at first, and after some days it will reach logged-out contributors as well if no major technical issues have arisen. Don't hesitate to ask questions, I'll be around for a while to help! *Please do let us know about any anomalies you think you're experiencing, and do post any other feedback below. I'd like to thank everyone who works to make the transition easier for this community, and whoever will help me processing feedback in your language. *You can learn more about optimizing the visual editor experience here by [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/VE_as_the_main_editor|reading a guide on mediawiki.org]]. Thank you! --[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] ([[:mw:User talk:Elitre (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង០៨:២៥ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី០៤ ខែតុលា ឆ្នាំ២០១៦ (UTC) == Creative Commons 4.0 == Hello! I'm writing from the Wikimedia Foundation to invite you to give your feedback on a proposed move from CC BY-SA 3.0 to a CC BY-SA 4.0 license across all Wikimedia projects. The consultation will run from October 5 to November 8, and we hope to receive a wide range of viewpoints and opinions. Please, if you are interested, [[meta:Special:MyLanguage/Terms of use/Creative Commons 4.0|take part in the discussion on Meta-Wiki]]. ''Apologies that this message is only in English. [[meta:Special:MyLanguage/Terms of use/Creative Commons 4.0/MassMessage|This message can be read and translated in more languages here]].'' [[User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]] ([[User talk:JSutherland (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង០១:៣៤ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី០៦ ខែតុលា ឆ្នាំ២០១៦ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:JSutherland (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:JSutherland_(WMF)/MassMessage/1&oldid=15962252 --> == The visual editor is now active here== <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Hello again. This message is only available in English at this time: {{Int:Please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}'' <gallery mode="nolines" widths=300px> File:VisualEditor bi-directional switching pencil icon in wikitext.png|alt=The upper right corner of the wikitext editing toolbar, showing a pencil icon|thumb|In the wikitext editor, the pencil icon allows you to switch to the visual editor. File:VisualEditor toolbar Page options - Switch to wikitext - Save.png|alt=The toolbar in the visual editor, showing the square brackets icon next to the Publish button.|thumb|In the visual editor, the <nowiki>[[ ]]</nowiki> (square brackets) icon allows you to switch to the wikitext editor. Please note that the button will soon say {{int:Publishpage}} or {{int:Publishchanges}}, due to an unrelated change. </gallery> As some of you have noticed, '''this Wikipedia now has [[:mw:VisualEditor/Portal|the visual editor]] ({{int:visualeditor}}) enabled for all registered users'''. The rollout to logged-out users will likely happen in a week or so. <mark>For an '''explanation of how the editing system now works and how to choose/go back to your favorite setting, please see my previous announcement above'''.</mark> If you wish to '''change your editing system preferences now, this can be done from [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|this link to your Preferences]] --> {{int:prefs-editing}} --> {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs}}'''. All edits using the visual editor will be tagged with "{{Int:tag-visualeditor}}" in recent changes, watchlists, and page histories. To access the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide|User Guide for the visual editor]], click on the "(?)" icon in its toolbar. Please let us know if you find any problems. You can report issues directly in [[phab:|Phabricator, the new bug tracking system]] or on at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]]; by all means, feel free to also [[:mw:User talk:Elitre (WMF)|ping or contact me directly]] if you prefer. In case of emergency (like an unexpected bug causing widespread problems), please contact James Forrester, the product manager, at jforrester@wikimedia.org or on [[:m:IRC|IRC]] in the #mediawiki-visualeditor channel. Happy editing! Respectfully, [[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] --ម៉ោង១៨:៥៦ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី១១ ខែតុលា ឆ្នាំ២០១៦ (UTC) PS: Are you seeing interface messages that are not in this wiki's language? Please fix this by providing translations [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&group=ext-visualeditor-0-all&filter=%21translated&action=translate here]. Translations may be also provided for the [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/User_guide|user guide]]. Please contact me if you want guidance in contributing translations! </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> :Just a heads-up that rollout of the visual editor on this wiki is now complete. Please refer to my previous messages for details. You can [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/VE_as_the_main_editor|read the "checklist"]] that was written to help communities like yours in their process of adapting the visual editor to their customs and needs. Best, [[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] ម៉ោង១៨:២២ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី២០ ខែតុលា ឆ្នាំ២០១៦ (UTC) </div> == Editing News #3—2016 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2016/October|Read this in another language]] • [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]'' <div style="float:right;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]'''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> Did you know that you can easily re-arrange columns and rows in the visual editor? [[File:VisualEditor table editing menu.png|alt=Screenshot showing a dropdown menu with options for editing the table structure|center|frameless|232x232px]] Select a cell in the column or row that you want to move. Click the arrow at the start of that row or column to open the dropdown menu (shown). Choose either "Move before" or "Move after" to move the column, or "Move above" or "Move below" to move the row. You can read and help translate [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor. </div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|VisualEditor Team]] has mainly worked on a new wikitext editor. They have also released some small features and the new map editing tool. Their workboard is available [[phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]]. You can find links to the list of work finished each week at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]]. Their [[:mw:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are fixing bugs, releasing the 2017 wikitext editor as a [[mediawikiwiki:Beta_Features|beta feature]], and improving language support. === Recent changes === *You can now set text as small or big.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T53613] *Invisible templates have been shown as a puzzle icon. Now, the name of the invisible template is displayed next to the puzzle icon.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T141861] A similar feature will display the first part of hidden HTML comments.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T147089] *Categories are displayed at the bottom of each page. If you click on the categories, the dialog for editing categories will open.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145267] *At many wikis, you can now add [[mediawikiwiki:Maps|maps]] to pages. Go to the Insert menu and choose the "Maps" item. The Discovery department is adding more features to this area, like geoshapes. You can read more at mediawiki.org.[https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Discovery#Maps] *The "Save" button now says "Save page" when you create a page, and "Save changes" when you change an existing page.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T139033] In the future, the "{{int:Savearticle}}" button will say "{{int:Publishpage}}". This will affect both the visual and wikitext editing systems. More [[:m:Editing/Publish|information is available on Meta]]. *Image galleries now use a visual mode for editing. You can see thumbnails of the images, add new files, remove unwanted images, rearrange the images by dragging and dropping, and add captions for each image. Use the "Options" tab to set the gallery's display mode, image sizes, and add a title for the gallery.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T45037] === Future changes === The visual editor will be offered to all editors at the remaining 10 [[:mw:VisualEditor/Rollouts|"Phase 6" Wikipedias]] during the next month. The developers want to know whether typing in your language feels natural in the visual editor. Please post your comments and the language(s) that you tested at [[:mw:Topic:St8y4ni42d0vr9cv|the feedback thread on mediawiki.org]]. This will affect several languages, including [[:w:th:|'''Thai''']], [[:w:my:|'''Burmese''']] and [[:w:arc:|'''Aramaic''']]. The team is working on a modern wikitext editor. The [[Mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] will look like the visual editor and be able to use the citoid service and other modern tools. This new editing system may become available as a Beta Feature on desktop devices in October 2016. You can read about this project in a [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Roadmap/Update_2016-06-23|general status update on the Wikimedia mailing list]]. === Let's work together === * Do you teach new editors how to use the visual editor? Did you help [[:mw:Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|set up the Citoid automatic reference feature for your wiki]]? Have you written or imported [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] for your most important citation templates? <mark>Would you be willing to help new editors and small communities with the visual editor? Please sign up for the new [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/Community Taskforce|'''VisualEditor Community Taskforce''']].</mark> *If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} —[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] </div> ម៉ោង១៧:៤៩ ថ្ងៃសៅរ៍ ទី១៥ ខែតុលា ឆ្នាំ២០១៦ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=15960088 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (November 2016) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[:m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: *'''''[[:en:WP:Foreign Affairs|Foreign Affairs]]''''' - Journal of international relations and U.S. foreign policy *'''[[:en:WP:OpenEdition|OpenEdition]]''' - Journals in the social sciences and humanities *'''[[:en:WP:EDP Sciences|Édition Diffusion Presse Sciences]]''' - French and English language scientific journals *'''[[:en:WP:ASHA|ASHA]]''' - Speech–language–hearing journals *'''[[:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian_Lähdekirjasto/Tilastopaja|Tilastopaja]]''' - Athletics statistics '''Expansions''' *'''[[:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]]''' - Many new databases added *'''[[:en:WP:Taylor & Francis|Taylor & Francis]]''' - Strategic, Defence & Security Studies collection Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]]. Sign up today! <br>--[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] ម៉ោង១៨:៣០ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី០១ ខែវិច្ឆិកា ឆ្នាំ២០១៦ (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[:m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=15939318 --> == Password reset == ''I apologise that this message is in English. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Security%2FPassword+reset&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:Centralnotice-shared-help-translate}}]'' We are having a problem with attackers taking over wiki accounts with privileged user rights (for example, admins, bureaucrats, oversighters, checkusers). It appears that this may be because of weak or reused passwords. Community members are working along with members of multiple teams at the Wikimedia Foundation to address this issue. In the meantime, we ask that everyone takes a look at the passwords they have chosen for their wiki accounts. If you know that you've chosen a weak password, or if you've chosen a password that you are using somewhere else, please change those passwords. Select strong passwords – eight or more characters long, and containing letters, numbers, and punctuation. [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]] ([[m:User talk:JSutherland (WMF)|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) / [[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង២៣:៥៩ ថ្ងៃអាទិត្យ ទី១៣ ខែវិច្ឆិកា ឆ្នាំ២០១៦ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:JSutherland (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:JSutherland_(WMF)/MassMessage/1&oldid=16060701 --> == Adding to the above section (Password reset) == Please accept my apologies - that first line should read "[https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Security%2FPassword+reset&language=&action=page&filter= Help with translations!]". [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:JSutherland (WMF)|talk]]) / [[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង០០:១១ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី១៤ ខែវិច្ឆិកា ឆ្នាំ២០១៦ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:JSutherland (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:JSutherland_(WMF)/MassMessage/1&oldid=16060701 --> == New way to edit wikitext == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> '''Summary''': There's a new opt-in Beta Feature of a [[:mw:2017 wikitext editor|wikitext mode for the visual editor]]. Please [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|go try it out]]. We in the Wikimedia Foundation's Editing department are responsible for making editing better for all our editors, new and experienced alike. We've been slowly improving [[:mw:VisualEditor|the visual editor]] based on feedback, user tests, and feature requests. However, that doesn't work for all our user needs: whether you need to edit a wikitext talk page, create a template, or fix some broken reference syntax, sometimes you need to use wikitext, and many experienced editors prefer it. Consequently, we've planned a "wikitext mode" for the visual editor for a long time. It provides as much of the visual editor's features as possible, for those times that you need or want wikitext. It has the same user interface as the visual editor, including the same toolbar across the top with the same buttons. It provides access to the [[:mw:citoid|citoid service]] for formatting citations, integrated search options for inserting images, and the ability to add new templates in a simple dialog. Like in the visual editor, if you paste in formatted text copied from another page, then formatting (such as bolding) will automatically be converted into wikitext. All wikis now have access to this mode as a [[:mw:Beta Features|Beta Feature]]. When enabled, it replaces your existing [[:mw:Editor|wikitext editor]] everywhere. If you don't like it, you can reverse this at any time by turning off the Beta Feature in your preferences. We don't want to surprise anyone, so it's strictly an ''opt-in-only'' Beta Feature. It won't switch on automatically for anyone, even if you have previously checked the box to "{{Int:Betafeatures-auto-enroll}}". The new wikitext edit mode is based on the visual editor, so it requires JavaScript (as does the [[:mw:Extension:WikiEditor|current wikitext editor]]). It doesn't work with gadgets that have only been designed for the older one (and ''vice versa''), so some users will miss gadgets they find important. We're happy to [[:mw:VisualEditor/Gadgets|work with gadget authors to help them update their code to work]] with both editors. We're not planning to get rid of the current main wikitext editor on desktop in the foreseeable future. We're also not going to remove the existing ability to edit plain wikitext without JavaScript. Finally, though it should go without saying, if you prefer to continue using the current wikitext editor, then you may so do. This is an early version, and we'd love to know what you think so we can make it better. Please leave feedback about the new mode [[:mw:2017 wikitext editor/Feedback|on the feedback page]]. You may write comments in any language. Thank you. </div> [[:mw:User:Jdforrester (WMF)|James Forrester]] (Product Manager, Editing department, Wikimedia Foundation) --ម៉ោង១៩:៣២ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី១៤ ខែធ្នូ ឆ្នាំ២០១៦ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=15942009 --> == Review of initial updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English. [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Initial announcements review|Message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]].'' The Wikimedia movement is beginning a movement-wide strategy discussion, a process which will run throughout 2017. For 15 years, Wikimedians have worked together to build the largest free knowledge resource in human history. During this time, we've grown from a small group of editors to a diverse network of editors, developers, affiliates, readers, donors, and partners. Today, we are more than a group of websites. We are a movement rooted in values and a powerful vision: all knowledge for all people. As a movement, we have an opportunity to decide where we go from here. This movement strategy discussion will focus on the future of our movement: where we want to go together, and what we want to achieve. We hope to design an inclusive process that makes space for everyone: editors, community leaders, affiliates, developers, readers, donors, technology platforms, institutional partners, and people we have yet to reach. There will be multiple ways to participate including on-wiki, in private spaces, and in-person meetings. You are warmly invited to join and make your voice heard. The immediate goal is to have a strategic direction by Wikimania 2017 to help frame a discussion on how we work together toward that strategic direction. Regular updates are being sent to the [[mail:Wikimedia-l|Wikimedia-l mailing list]], and posted [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Updates|on Meta-Wiki]]. Beginning with this message, monthly reviews of these updates will be sent to this page as well. [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Signup|Sign up]] to receive future announcements and monthly highlights of strategy updates on your user talk page. Here is a review of the updates that have been sent so far: * [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/15 December 2016 - Update 1 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 1 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (15 December 2016) ** Introduction to process and information about budget spending resolution to support it * [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/23 December 2016 - Update 2 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 2 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (23 December 2016) ** Start of search for Lead Architect for movement strategy process * [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/8 January 2017 - Update 3 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 3 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (8 January 2017) ** Plans for strategy sessions at upcoming Wikimedia Conference 2017 * [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/11 January 2017 - Update 4 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 4 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (11 January 2017) ** Introduction of williamsworks * [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/2 February 2017 - Update 5 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 5 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (2 February 2017) ** The core movement strategy team, team tracks being developed, introduction of the Community Process Steering Committee, discussions at WikiIndaba conference 2017 and the Wikimedia movement affiliates executive directors gathering in Switzerland * [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/10 February 2017 - Update 6 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 6 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (10 February 2017) ** Tracks A & B process prototypes and providing feedback, updates on development of all four Tracks More information about the movement strategy is available on the [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017|Meta-Wiki 2017 Wikimedia movement strategy portal]]. ''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]], ម៉ោង២០:៣១ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី១៥ ខែកុម្ភៈ ឆ្នាំ២០១៧ (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Initial announcements review|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates|Get help]]'' </div> <!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=16297862 --> == Overview #2 of updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Overview 2 of updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process|This message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]].'' As we mentioned last month, the Wikimedia movement is beginning a movement-wide strategy discussion, a process which will run throughout 2017. This movement strategy discussion will focus on the future of our movement: where we want to go together, and what we want to achieve. Regular updates are being sent to the [[mail:Wikimedia-l|Wikimedia-l mailing list]], and posted [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Updates|on Meta-Wiki]]. Each month, we are sending overviews of these updates to this page as well. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Signup|Sign up]] to receive future announcements and monthly highlights of strategy updates on your user talk page. Here is a overview of the updates that have been sent since our message last month: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/16 February 2017 - Update 7 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 7 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (16 February 2017) ** Development of documentation for Tracks A & B * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/24 February 2017 - Update 8 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 8 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (24 February 2017) ** Introduction of Track Leads for all four audience tracks * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/2 March 2017 - Update 9 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 9 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (2 March 2017) ** Seeking feedback on documents being used to help facilitate upcoming community discussions More information about the movement strategy is available on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017|Meta-Wiki 2017 Wikimedia movement strategy portal]]. ''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]], ម៉ោង១៩:៤៣ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី០៩ ខែមីនា ឆ្នាំ២០១៧ (UTC) • [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Overview 2 of updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates|Get help]]'' </div> <!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=16350625 --> == We invite you to join the movement strategy conversation (now through April 15) == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> : ''This message, "[[mailarchive:wikimediaannounce-l/2017-March/001383.html|We invite you to join the movement strategy conversation (now through April 15)]]", was sent through multiple channels by [[m:User:GVarnum-WMF|Gregory Varnum]] on 15 and 16 of March 2017 to village pumps, affiliate talk pages, movement mailing lists, and MassMessage groups. A similar message was sent by [[m:User:Nicole_Ebber_(WMDE)|Nicole Ebber]] to organized groups and their mailing lists on 15 of March 2017. This version of the message is available for translation and documentation purposes'' Dear Wikimedians/Wikipedians: Today we are starting a broad discussion to define Wikimedia's future role in the world and develop a collaborative strategy to fulfill that role. You are warmly invited to join the conversation. There are many ways to participate, by joining an existing conversation or starting your own: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Track_A|Track A (organized groups)]]: Discussions with your affiliate, committee or other organized group (these are groups that support the Wikimedia movement). Track B (individual contributors): [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Cycle_1|On Meta]] or your [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Participate|local language or project wiki]]. This is the first of three conversations, and it will run between now and April 15. The purpose of cycle 1 is to discuss the future of the movement and generate major themes around potential directions. What do we want to build or achieve together over the next 15 years? We welcome you, as we create this conversation together, and look forward to broad and diverse participation from all parts of our movement. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017|Find out more about the movement strategy process]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Toolkit/Discussion_Coordinator_Role|Learn more about volunteering to be a Discussion Coordinator]] Sincerely, Nicole Ebber (Track A Lead), Jaime Anstee (Track B Lead), & the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/People|engagement support teams]]</div></div> ម៉ោង០៥:០៩ ថ្ងៃសៅរ៍ ទី១៨ ខែមីនា ឆ្នាំ២០១៧ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Updates/Global_message_delivery&oldid=16453957 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections|Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Please accept our apologies for cross-posting this message. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections|This message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]].'' [[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|right|150px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017]] On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee, I am pleased to announce that self-nominations are being accepted for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2017/Board_of_Trustees/Call_for_candidates|2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees Elections]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Board of Trustees]] (Board) is the decision-making body that is ultimately responsible for the long-term sustainability of the Wikimedia Foundation, so we value wide input into its selection. More information about this role can be found [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees|on Meta-Wiki]]. Please read the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees/Call for candidates|letter from the Board of Trustees calling for candidates]]. '''The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees/Candidates|candidacy submission phase]] will last from April 7 (00:00 UTC) to April 20 (23:59 UTC).''' '''We will also be accepting questions to ask the candidates from April 7 to April 20. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees/Questions|You can submit your questions on Meta-Wiki]].''' Once the questions submission period has ended on April 20, the Elections Committee will then collate the questions for the candidates to respond to beginning on April 21. The goal of this process is to fill the '''three community-selected seats''' on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. The election results will be used by the Board itself to select its new members. The full schedule for the Board elections is as follows. All dates are '''inclusive''', that is, from the beginning of the first day (UTC) to the end of the last. * April 7 (00:00 UTC) – April 20 (23:59 UTC) – '''Board nominations''' * April 7 – April 20 – '''Board candidates questions submission period''' * April 21 – April 30 – '''Board candidates answer questions''' * May 1 – May 14 – '''Board voting period''' * May 15–19 – '''Board vote checking''' * May 20 – '''Board result announcement goal''' In addition to the Board elections, we will also soon be holding elections for the following roles: * '''Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC)''' ** There are five positions being filled. More information about this election will be available [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee|on Meta-Wiki]]. * '''Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson (Ombuds)''' ** One position is being filled. More information about this election will be available [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson|on Meta-Wiki]]. Please note that this year the Board of Trustees elections will be held before the FDC and Ombuds elections. Candidates who are not elected to the Board are explicitly permitted and encouraged to submit themselves as candidates to the FDC or Ombuds positions after the results of the Board elections are announced. More information on this year's elections can be found [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|on Meta-Wiki]]. Any questions related to the election can be posted on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|election talk page on Meta-Wiki]], or sent to the election committee's mailing list, <tt dir="ltr" style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5">board-elections[[File:At sign.svg|15x15px|middle|link=|alt=(at)]]wikimedia.org</tt>. On behalf of the Election Committee,<br /> [[m:User:KTC|Katie Chan]], Chair, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]<br /> [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]], Community Advocate, Wikimedia Foundation ''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]], ម៉ោង០៣:៣៦ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី០៧ ខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ២០១៧ (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|Get help]]''</div> <!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=16441214 --> == Read-only mode for 20 to 30 minutes on 19 April and 3 May == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2017|Read this message in another language]] • {{int:please-translate}} The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its secondary data center in Dallas. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to conduct a planned test. This test will show whether they can reliably switch from one data center to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. They will switch all traffic to the secondary data center on '''Wednesday, 19 April 2017'''. On '''Wednesday, 3 May 2017''', they will switch back to the primary data center. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop during those two switches. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for approximately 20 to 30 minutes on Wednesday, 19 April and Wednesday, 3 May. The test will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20170419T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Thursday 20 April and Thursday 4 May). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. *There will be code freezes for the weeks of 17 April 2017 and 1 May 2017. Non-essential code deployments will not happen. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2017 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. '''Please share this information with your community.''' /<span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])</span> </div></div>[[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង១៧:៣៤ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី១១ ខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ២០១៧ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=16545942 --> == Wikidata description editing in the Wikipedia Android app == <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[:mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Short_descriptions|Wikidata description editing]] is a new experiment being rolled out on the Wikipedia app for Android. While this primarily impacts Wikidata, the changes are also addressing a concern about the mobile versions of Wikipedia, so that mobile users will be able to edit directly the descriptions shown under the title of the page and in the search results. We began by rolling out this feature several weeks ago to a pilot group of Wikipedias (Russian, Hebrew, and Catalan), and have seen very positive [[:mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Short_descriptions/Research|results]] including numerous quality contributions in the form of new and updated descriptions, and a low rate of vandalism. We are now ready for the next phase of rolling out this feature, which is to enable it in a few days for all Wikipedias except the top ten by usage within the app (i.e. except English, German, Italian, French, Spanish, Japanese, Dutch, Portuguese, Turkish, and Chinese). We will enable the feature for those languages instead at some point in the future, as we closely monitor user engagement with our expanded set of pilot communities. As always, if have any concerns, please reach out to us on wiki at [[:mw:Talk:Wikimedia_Apps/Short_descriptions|the talk page for this project]] or by email at reading@wikimedia.org. Thanks! -[[:mw:User:DBrant (WMF)|DBrant (WMF)]] ម៉ោង០៨:៤១ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី១៤ ខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ២០១៧ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/Wikidata_editing&oldid=16580284 --> == New Page previews feature == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> New Page previews feature [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:CKoerner (WMF)/Enable Hovercards/Phase 1|Read this message in another language]] • {{int:please-translate}} Hello, The Reading web team at the Wikimedia Foundation has been working to enable [[mw:Beta Features/Hovercards|Page previews]], [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|a beta feature]] known previously as Hovercards, as opt-in behavior for logged-in users and the default behavior for logged-out users across Wikipedia projects. Page previews provide a preview of any linked article, giving readers a quick understanding of a related article without leaving the current page. For this project, we are expecting to collect feedback over the following few weeks and tentatively enable the feature in early May, 2017. A quick note on the implementation: * For logged-in users who are not currently testing out the beta feature, Page previews will be off by default. Users may turn them on from [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|their user preferences]] page. * For logged-out users, the feature will be on by default. Users may disable it at any time by selecting the setting cog available in each preview. * For users of the Navigation popups gadget, you will not be able to turn on the Page previews feature while using navigational popups. If you would like to try out the Page preview feature, make sure to first turn Navigation popups off prior to turning Page previews on. You can read more about [[mw:Beta_Features/Hovercards|the feature]] and [[mw:Beta Features/Hovercards#Success Metrics and Feature Evaluation|the tests we used to evaluate performance]], try it out by enabling it from the beta features page, and leave feedback or questions [[mw:Talk:Beta_Features/Hovercards|on the talk page]]. Thank you, [[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង១៦:៥២ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី១៩ ខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ២០១៧ (UTC) </div></div> <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Enable_Hovercards/Phase_1/Distribution_list&oldid=16616381 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (May 2017) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:American Psychiatric Association|American Psychiatric Association]]''' – Psychiatry books and journals * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Bloomsbury|Bloomsbury]]''' – ''Who's Who'', Drama Online, Berg Fashion Library, and ''Whitaker's'' * '''[[w:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian Lähdekirjasto/Gaudeamus|Gaudeamus]]''' – Finnish humanities and social sciences * '''[[w:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian Lähdekirjasto/Ympäristö-lehti|Ympäristö-lehti]]''' – The Finnish Environment Institute's ''Ympäristö-lehti'' magazine '''Expansions''' * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Gale|Gale]]''' – Biography In Context database added * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Adam Matthew|Adam Matthew]]''' – all 53 databases now available Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:en:WP:Taylor & Francis|Taylor & Francis]] and [[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] ម៉ោង១៨:៥២ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី០២ ខែឧសភា ឆ្នាំ២០១៧ (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:AVasanth_(WMF)|Aaron]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=16557812 --> == [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/341?setlang={{CONTENTLANG}} Voting has begun in 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections] == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|{{#switch:{{CONTENTLANG}}|ar=left|he=left|right}}|125px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Board voting has begun]]''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Board voting has begun|Translations]] are available.'' [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/341?setlang={{CONTENTLANG}}&uselang={{CONTENTLANG}} Voting has begun] for [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017#Requirements|eligible voters]] in the 2017 elections for the ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]''. The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] is the ultimate governing authority of the Wikimedia Foundation, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization registered in the United States. The Wikimedia Foundation manages many diverse projects such as Wikipedia and Commons. The voting phase lasts from 00:00 UTC May 1 to 23:59 UTC May 14. '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/341?setlang={{CONTENTLANG}}&uselang={{CONTENTLANG}} Click here to vote].''' More information on the candidates and the elections can be found on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees|2017 Board of Trustees election page]] on Meta-Wiki. On behalf of the Elections Committee,<br/> [[m:User:KTC|Katie Chan]], Chair, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]<br/> [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]], Community Advocate, Wikimedia Foundation ''Posted by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Board voting has begun|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|Get help]]</div> ម៉ោង១៩:១៥ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី០៣ ខែឧសភា ឆ្នាំ២០១៧ (UTC)'' <!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=16683836 --> == Beta Feature Two Column Edit Conflict View == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> From May 9, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two_Column_Edit_Conflict_View|Two Column Edit Conflict View]] will be available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]] on all wikis. The Two Column Edit Conflict View is a new interface for the edit conflict resolution page. It highlights differences between the editor's and the conflicting changes to make it easy to copy and paste pieces of the text and resolve the conflict. The feature fulfils a request for a more user-friendly edit conflict resolution from the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishlist]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature and we hope that it will serve you well! </div> [[m:user:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] ម៉ោង១៤:៤១ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី០៨ ខែឧសភា ឆ្នាំ២០១៧ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Birgit Müller (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_2&oldid=16712264 --> == Editing News #1—2017 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2017/May|Read this in another language]] • [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]'' <div style="float:right;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]'''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> Did you know that you can review your changes visually? [[File:VisualEditor visual diff tool - visual diff.png|alt=Screenshot showing some changes to an article. Most changes are highlighted with text formatting.|center|frameless|245x245px]]When you are finished editing the page, type your edit summary and then choose "{{Int:visualeditor-savedialog-label-review}}". In visual mode, you will see additions, removals, new links, and formatting highlighted. Other changes, such as changing the size of an image, are described in notes on the side. [[File:VisualEditor visual diff tool - toggle button.png|alt=Toggle button showing visual and wikitext options; visual option is selected.|center|frameless|220x220px]] Click the toggle button to switch between visual and wikitext diffs. [[File:VisualEditor visual diff tool - wikitext diff.png|alt=Screenshot showing the same changes, in the two-column wikitext diff display.|center|frameless|245x245px]] The wikitext diff is the same diff tool that is used in the wikitext editors and in the page history. You can read and help translate [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor. </div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[:mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor Team]] has spent most of their time supporting [[:mediawikiwiki:2017_wikitext_editor|the 2017 wikitext editor mode]] which is available inside the visual editor as a Beta Feature, and adding [[:mediawikiwiki:VisualEditor/Diffs|the new visual diff tool]]. Their workboard is available [[:phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]]. You can find links to the work finished each week at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]]. Their [[:mw:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are fixing bugs, supporting the 2017 wikitext editor as a [[:mw:Beta Features|beta feature]], and improving the visual diff tool. === Recent changes === *A '''new wikitext editing mode''' is available as a Beta Feature on desktop devices. The [[:mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] has the same toolbar as the visual editor and can use the citoid service and other modern tools. Go to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures]] to enable the {{Int:Visualeditor-preference-newwikitexteditor-label}}. * A new '''[[:mediawikiwiki:VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diff tool]]''' is available in VisualEditor's visual mode. You can toggle between wikitext and visual diffs. More features will be added to this later. In the future, this tool may be integrated into other MediaWiki components. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T143350] * The team have added [[:mediawikiwiki:Editing/Projects/Columns_for_references|multi-column support for lists of footnotes]]. The <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code> block can automatically display long lists of references in columns on wide screens. This makes footnotes easier to read. You can [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?projects=Cite,VisualEditor,Wikimedia-Site-requests&title=Convert%20reference%20lists%20over%20to%20`responsive`%20on%20XXwiki&priority=10&parent=159895 '''request multi-column support'''] for your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33597] * You can now use your web browser's function to switch typing direction in the new wikitext mode. This is particularly helpful for RTL language users like Urdu or Hebrew who have to write JavaScript or CSS. You can use Command+Shift+X or Control+Shift+X to trigger this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T153356] * The way to switch between the visual editing mode and the wikitext editing mode is now consistent. There is a drop-down menu that shows the two options. This is now the same in desktop and mobile web editing, and inside things that embed editing, such as Flow. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T116417] * The {{Int:visualeditor-categories-tool}} item has been moved to the top of the {{Int:visualeditor-pagemenu-tooltip}} menu (from clicking on the "hamburger" icon) for quicker access. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T74399] There is also now a "Templates used on this page" feature there. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T149009] * You can now create <code><nowiki><chem></nowiki></code> tags (sometimes used as <code><nowiki><ce></nowiki></code>) for chemical formulas inside the visual editor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T153365] * Tables can be set as collapsed or un-collapsed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T157989] * The {{Int:visualeditor-specialcharacter-button-tooltip}} menu now includes characters for Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics and angle quotation marks (‹› and ⟨⟩) . The team thanks the volunteer developer, [[:S:en:User:Tpt|Tpt]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T108626] * A bug caused some section edit conflicts to blank the rest of the page. This has been fixed. The team are sorry for the disruption. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T154217] * There is a new keyboard shortcut for citations: <code>Control</code>+<code>Shift</code>+<code>K</code> on a PC, or <code>Command</code>+<code>Shift</code>+<code>K</code> on a Mac. It is based on the keyboard shortcut for making links, which is <code>Control</code>+<code>K</code> or <code>Command</code>+<code>K</code> respectively. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T99299] === Future changes === * The team is working on a syntax highlighting tool. It will highlight matching pairs of <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code> tags and other types of wikitext syntax. You will be able to turn it on and off. It will first become available in VisualEditor's built-in wikitext mode, maybe late in 2017. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T101246] * The kind of button used to {{Int:Showpreview}}, {{Int:showdiff}}, and finish an edit will change in all WMF-supported wikitext editors. The new buttons will use [[Mw:OOjs UI|OOjs UI]]. The buttons will be larger, brighter, and easier to read. The labels will remain the same. You can test the new button by editing a page and adding <code>&ooui=1</code> to the end of the URL, like this: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Project:Sandbox?action=edit&ooui=1 The old appearance will no longer be possible, even with local CSS changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T162849] * The [[:mediawikiwiki:File:Edit_toolbar_-_2.png|outdated 2006 wikitext editor]] will be removed later this year. It is used by approximately 0.03% of active editors. See [[:mw:Editor|a list of editing tools on mediawiki.org]] if you are uncertain which one you use. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T30856] *If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} —[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] </div> ម៉ោង១៨:០៥ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី១២ ខែឧសភា ឆ្នាំ២០១៧ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=16160401 --> == Prototype for editing Wikidata infoboxes on Wikipedia == Hello, I’m sorry for writing in English. It’d be great if someone could translate this message if necessary. One of the most requested features for Wikidata is to enable editing of Wikidata’s data directly from Wikipedia, so the editors can continue their workflow without switching websites. The Wikidata development team has been working on a tool to achieve this goal: '''fill and edit the Wikipedia infoboxes with information from Wikidata, directly on Wikipedia''', via the Visual Editor. We already [[d:Wikidata:Client editing input|asked for feedback in 2015]], and collected some interesting ideas which we [[:File:Facilitating_the_use_of_Wikidata_in_Wikimedia_projects_with_a_user-centered_design_approach.pdf|shared with you in this thesis]]. Now we would like to present to you our first prototype and collect your feedback, in order to improve and continue the development of this feature. We present this work to you very early, so we can include your feedback before and all along the development. You are the core users of this feature, so we want to make sure that it fits your needs and editing processes. You will find the prototype, description of the features, and a demo video, '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Client editing prototype|on this page]]'''. Feel free to add any comment or feedback on the talk page. The page is currently not translated in every languages, but you can add your contribution by helping to translate it. Unfortunately, I won’t be able to follow all the discussions on Wikipedia, so if you want to be sure that your feedback is read, please add it on the Wikidata page, in your favorite language. Thanks for your understanding. Thanks, [[user:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] <!-- Message sent by User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/List_Wikipedias&oldid=16766491 --> == RevisionSlider == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] will be available as a default feature for all users on all wikis from May 17. The RevisionSlider adds a slider view to the diff page so that you can easily move between revisions. The slider view is collapsed by default, and will load by clicking on it. It can also be turned off entirely in the user preferences. RevisionSlider has been a default feature on German, Arabic and Hebrew Wikipedia for 6 months and a beta feature on all wikis for 8 months. The feature fulfills a wish from the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishlist]]. Thanks to everyone who tested RevisionSlider and gave valuable feedback to improve the feature! We hope that RevisionSlider will continue to serve you well in your work. </div> [[m:user:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] ម៉ោង១៤:៤៤ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី១៦ ខែឧសភា ឆ្នាំ២០១៧ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Birgit Müller (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_2&oldid=16715712 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2|Join the next cycle of Wikimedia movement strategy discussions (underway until June 12)]] == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Cycle 2 discussions launch|Message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]]'' [[File:Wikimedia-logo.svg||{{#switch:{{CONTENTLANG}}|ar=left|he=left|right}}||150px]] The Wikimedia movement strategy core team and working groups have completed reviewing the more than 1800 thematic statements we received from the first discussion. They have identified [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2|5 themes that were consistent across all the conversations]] - each with their own set of sub-themes. These are not the final themes, just an initial working draft of the core concepts. You are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Participate|join the online and offline discussions taking place]] on these 5 themes. This round of discussions will take place between now and June 12th. You can discuss as many as you like; we ask you to participate in the ones that are most (or least) important to you. Here are the five themes, each has a page on Meta-Wiki with more information about the theme and how to participate in that theme's discussion: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/Healthy, Inclusive Communities|Healthy, Inclusive Communities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/The Augmented Age|The Augmented Age]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/A Truly Global Movement|A Truly Global Movement]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/The Most Respected Source of Knowledge|The Most Respected Source of Knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/Engaging in the Knowledge Ecosystem|Engaging in the Knowledge Ecosystem]] On the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Participate|movement strategy portal on Meta-Wiki]], you can find more information about each of these themes, their discussions, and how to participate. ''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Cycle 2 discussions launch|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates|Get help]]''</div> ម៉ោង២១:០៩ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី១៦ ខែឧសភា ឆ្នាំ២០១៧ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Updates/Global_message_delivery&oldid=16773425 --> == Machine translation support enabled today for Content Translation == {{int:Please-translate}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello, machine translation support for [[:mw:Content_translation|Content Translation]] (beta feature) has now been extended and enabled for users of [[phab:T162862|Khmer Wikipedia]] using Yandex. It can be used when translating Wikipedia articles into Khmer with Content Translation. To start using this service, please choose ‘’Yandex.Translate’’ from the ‘’Automatic Translation’’ dropdown menu that you see on the sidebar after you start translating an article. Please note, machine translation is available from all the languages that are supported by Yandex.Translate, but Content Translation can still be used in the usual manner for translating from all languages, with or without machine translation support. Wikimedia Foundation’s Legal team and Yandex had collaborated earlier to work out [[:mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/Yandex#Summary_of_terms_of_Yandex_agreement|an agreement]] that allows the use of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yandex.Translate Yandex.Translate] without compromising Wikipedia’s policy of attribution of rights, privacy of our users and brand representation. Since November 2015, Yandex machine translation has been used for articles translated for Wikipedias in many languages. For more information, we request you to kindly take a look at the details about [[:mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation|machine translation services in Content Translation]] and about [[:mw:Content_translation/Machine_Translation/Yandex|Yandex translation services]], including a summary of the legal contract. Please note, translations made using Content Translation are also used to improve machine translation services. We have tested the service for use on the Khmer Wikipedia, but there could be unknown problems that we are not aware of yet. Please do let us know on our [[:mw:Talk:Content_translation|Project Talk page]] or [[phab:T162862|phabricator]] if you face any problems using Content Translation. This message is only in English and we will be very grateful if it could be translated into Khmer for other users of this Wikipedia. Thank you. On behalf of WMF Language team: --[[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:Runab WMF|Runa Bhattacharjee (WMF)]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:Runab WMF|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង០៥:២៤ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី១៧ ខែឧសភា ឆ្នាំ២០១៧ (UTC) </div> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections|Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections]] == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|{{#switch:{{CONTENTLANG}}|ar=left|he=left|right}}|125px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections]] :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections|Translations of this message are available on Meta-Wiki]].'' On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee, we are pleased to announce that self-nominations are being accepted for the [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Call for candidates|2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson|Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson]] elections. Please read the letter from the Wikimedia Foundation calling for candidates at [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Call for candidates|on the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation elections portal]]. ''Funds Dissemination Committee''<br /> The Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC) makes recommendations about how to allocate Wikimedia movement funds to eligible entities. There are five positions being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee|the FDC elections page]]. ''Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson''<br /> The Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson receives complaints and feedback about the FDC process, investigates complaints at the request of the Board of Trustees, and summarizes the investigations and feedback for the Board of Trustees on an annual basis. One position is being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson|the FDC Ombudsperson elections page]]. '''The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Candidates|candidacy submission phase]] will last until May 28 (23:59 UTC).''' '''We will also be accepting questions to ask the candidates until May 28. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Questions|You can submit your questions on Meta-Wiki]].''' Once the questions submission period has ended on May 28, the Elections Committee will then collate the questions for the candidates to respond to. The goal of this process is to fill the '''five community-selected seats''' on the Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee and the '''community-selected ombudsperson'''. The election results will be used by the Board itself to make the appointments. The full schedule for the FDC elections is as follows. All dates are '''inclusive''', that is, from the beginning of the first day (UTC) to the end of the last. * May 15 (00:00 UTC) – May 28 (23:59 UTC) – '''Nominations''' * May 15 – May 28 – '''Candidates questions submission period''' * May 29 – June 2 – '''Candidates answer questions''' * June 3 – June 11 – '''Voting period''' * June 12–14 – '''Vote checking''' * June 15 – '''Goal date for announcing election results''' More information on this year's elections can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation elections portal]]. Please feel free to post a note about the election on your project's village pump. Any questions related to the election can be posted on [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|the talk page on Meta-Wiki]], or sent to the election committee's mailing list, <tt dir="ltr" style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5">board-elections[[File:At sign.svg|15x15px|middle|link=|alt=(at)]]wikimedia.org</tt>. On behalf of the Election Committee,<br /> [[m:User:KTC|Katie Chan]], Chair, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]<br /> [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]], Community Advocate, Wikimedia Foundation ''Posted by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|Get help]]''</div> ម៉ោង២១:០៥ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី២៣ ខែឧសភា ឆ្នាំ២០១៧ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=16804695 --> == Accessible editing buttons == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">The MediaWiki developers have been slowly improving the accessibility of the user interface. The next step in this transition will change the appearance of some buttons and may break some outdated (non-updated or unmaintained) user scripts and gadgets. You can see and use the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Project:Sandbox?action=submit&ooui=0 old] and [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Project:Sandbox?action=submit&ooui=1 new] versions now. Most editors will only notice that some buttons are slightly larger and have different colors. <gallery mode="nolines" caption="Comparison of old and new styles" heights="240" widths="572"> File:MediaWiki edit page buttons accessibility change 2017, before.png|Buttons before the change File:MediaWiki edit page buttons accessibility change 2017, after.png|Buttons after the change </gallery> However, this change also affects some user scripts and gadgets. Unfortunately, some of them may not work well in the new system. <mark>If you maintain any user scripts or gadgets that are used for editing, please see '''[[:mw:Contributors/Projects/Accessible editing buttons]]''' for information on how to test and fix your scripts. Outdated scripts can be tested and fixed now.</mark> This change will probably reach this wiki on '''Tuesday, 18 July 2017'''. Please leave a note at [[:mw:Talk:Contributors/Projects/Accessible editing buttons]] if you need help.</div> [[:m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង២២:២២ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី១០ ខែកក្កដា ឆ្នាំ២០១៧ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=16980876 --> == Page Previews (Hovercards) update == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello, A quick update on the progress of enabling [[mw:Hovercards|Page Previews]] (previously named Hovercards) on this project. Page Previews provide a preview of any linked article, giving readers a quick understanding of a related article without leaving the current page. As mentioned in December we're preparing to remove the feature from Beta and make it the default behavior for logged-out users. We have recently made a large update to the code which fixes most outstanding bugs. Due to some issues with our instrumentation, we delayed our deployment by a few months. We are finally ready to deploy the feature. Page Previews will be off by default and available in the user preferences page for logged-in users the week of July 24th. The feature will be on by default for current beta users and logged-out users. If you would like to preview the feature, you can enable it as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]]. For more information see [[mw:Hovercards|Page Previews]]. Questions can be left [[mw:Talk:Beta_Features/Hovercards|on the talk page]] in your preferred language. Thank you again. </div>[[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង២២:៣៣ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី២០ ខែកក្កដា ឆ្នាំ២០១៧ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Enable_Hovercards/Reminder/Distribution_list&oldid=17019707 --> == RfC regarding "Interlinking of accounts involved with paid editing to decrease impersonation" == There is currently a RfC open on Meta regarding "[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_comment/Interlinking_of_accounts_involved_with_paid_editing_to_decrease_impersonation requiring those involved with paid editing on Wikipedia to link on their user page to all other active accounts through which they advertise paid Wikipedia editing business.]" Note this is to apply to Wikipedia and not necessarily other sister projects, this is only to apply to websites where people are specifically advertising that they will edit Wikipedia for pay and not any other personal, professional, or social media accounts a person may have. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_comment/Interlinking_of_accounts_involved_with_paid_editing_to_decrease_impersonation Please comment on meta]. Thanks. Send on behalf of [[User:Doc James]]. [[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង២១:០៧ ថ្ងៃអាទិត្យ ទី១៧ ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ២០១៧ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedias&oldid=17234819 --> == Discussion on synced reading lists == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> '''Discussion on synced reading lists''' Hello, [[File:Illustration of Reading List feature on Android Wikipedia App (not logged in).png|thumb]] The Reading Infrastructure team at the Wikimedia Foundation is developing a cross-platform reading list service for the mobile Wikipedia app. Reading lists are like bookmark folders in your web browser. They allow readers using the Wikipedia app to bookmark pages into folders to read later. This includes reading offline. Reading lists do not create or alter content in any way. To create Reading Lists, app users will register an account and marked pages will be tied to that account. Reading List account preferences sync between devices. You can read the same pages on different mobile platforms (tablets, phones). This is the first time we are syncing preference data between devices in such a way. We want to hear and address concerns about privacy and data security. We also want to explain why the current watchlist system is not being adapted for this purpose. === Background === In 2016 the Android team replaced the simple Saved Pages feature with Reading Lists. Reading Lists allow users to bookmark pages into folders and for reading offline. The intent of this feature was to allow "syncing" of these lists for users with many devices. Due to overlap with the Gather feature and related community concerns, this part was put on hold. The Android team has identified this lack of synching as a major area of complaint from users. They expect lists to sync. The iOS team has held off implementing Reading Lists, as syncing was seen as a "must have" for this feature. A recent [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T164990 technical RfC] has allowed these user stories and needs to be unblocked. Initially for Android, then iOS, and with web to potentially follow. Reading lists are private, stored as part of a user's account, not as a public wiki page. There is no sharing or publishing ability for reading lists. No planned work to make these public. The target audience are people that read Wikipedia and want to bookmark and organize that content in the app. There is a potential for the feature to be available on the web in the future. === Why not watchlists === Watchlists offer similar functionality to Reading Lists. The Reading Infrastructure team evaluated watchlist infrastructure before exploring other options. In general, the needs of watchlists differ from Reading Lists in a few key ways: * Reading lists focus on Reading articles, not the monitoring of changes. * Watchlists are focused on monitoring changes of pages/revisions. ** The Watchlist infrastructure is key to our contributor community for monitoring content changes manually and through the use of automated tools (bots). Because of these needs, expanding the scope of Watchlists to reading purposes will only make the project harder to maintain and add more constraints. * By keeping the projects separate it is easier to scale resources. We can serve these two different audiences and prioritize the work accordingly. Reading Lists are, by their nature, less critical to the health of Wikipedia/MediaWiki. * Multi-project support. Reading Lists are by design cross-wiki/project. Watchlists are tied to specific wikis. While there have been many discussion for making them cross-wiki, resolution is not in the near term. [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Synced Reading Lists|More information can be found on MediaWiki.org]] where feedback and ideas are welcome. Thank you </div> [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង២០:៣៥ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី២០ ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ២០១៧ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=16981815 --> == Changes to the global ban policy == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello. Some changes to the [[m:Global bans|community global ban policy]] have been proposed. Your comments are welcome at [[:m:Requests for comment/Improvement of global ban policy]]. Please translate this message to your language, if needed. Cordially. [[:m:User:Matiia|Matiia]] ([[:m:User talk:Matiia|Matiia]]) ម៉ោង០០:៣៤ ថ្ងៃអាទិត្យ ទី១២ ខែវិច្ឆិកា ឆ្នាំ២០១៧ (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Matiia@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=17241561 --> == New print to pdf feature for mobile web readers == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> '''New print to pdf feature for mobile web readers''' The Readers web team will be deploying a new feature this week to make it [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_PDFs|easier to download PDF versions of articles on the mobile website]]. Providing better offline functionality was one of the highlighted areas from [[m:New_Readers/Offline|the research done by the New Readers team in Mexico, Nigeria, and India]]. The teams created a prototype for mobile PDFs which was evaluated by user research and community feedback. The [[m:New_Readers/Offline#Concept_testing_for_mobile_web|prototype evaluation]] received positive feedback and results, so development continued. For the initial deployment, the feature will be available to Google Chrome browsers on Android. Support for other mobile browsers to come in the future. For Chrome, the feature will use the native Android print functionality. Users can choose to download a webpage as a PDF. [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Print_Styles#Mobile_Printing|Mobile print styles]] will be used for these PDFs to ensure optimal readability for smaller screens. The feature is available starting Wednesday, Nov 15. For more information, see [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_PDFs|the project page on MediaWiki.org]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} </div> [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង២២:០៧ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី២០ ខែវិច្ឆិកា ឆ្នាំ២០១៧ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Mobile_PDF_distribution_list&oldid=17448927 --> == Call for Wikimania 2018 Scholarships == Hi all, We wanted to inform you that scholarship applications for [[:wm2018:Wikimania 2018|Wikimania 2018]] which is being held in Cape Town, South Africa on July 18–22, 2018 are now being accepted. '''Applications are open until Monday, 22 January 2018 23:59 UTC.''' Applicants will be able to apply for a partial or full scholarship. A full scholarship will cover the cost of an individual's round-trip travel, shared accommodation, and conference registration fees as arranged by the Wikimedia Foundation. A partial scholarship will cover conference registration fees and shared accommodation. Applicants will be rated using a pre-determined selection process and selection criteria established by the Scholarship Committee and the Wikimedia Foundation, who will determine which applications are successful. To learn more about Wikimania 2018 scholarships, please visit: [[:wm2018:Scholarships]]. To apply for a scholarship, fill out the multi-language application form on: '''https://scholarships.wikimedia.org/apply''' It is highly recommended that applicants review all the material on the Scholarships page and [[:wm2018:Scholarships/FAQ|the associated FAQ]] before submitting an application. If you have any questions, please contact: wikimania-scholarships at wikimedia.org or leave a message at: [[:wm2018:Talk:Scholarships]]. Please help us spread the word and translate pages! Best regards, [[:m:User:Slashme|David Richfield]] and [[:m:DerHexer|Martin Rulsch]] for the [[:wm2018:Scholarship Committee|Scholarship Committee]] ម៉ោង១៩:២៤ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី២០ ខែធ្នូ ឆ្នាំ២០១៧ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:DerHexer@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&oldid=17300722 --> == User group for Military Historians == Greetings, "Military history" is one of the most important subjects when speak of sum of all human knowledge. To support contributors interested in the area over various language Wikipedias, we intend to form a user group. It also provides a platform to share the best practices between military historians, and various military related projects on Wikipedias. An initial discussion was has been done between the coordinators and members of WikiProject Military History on English Wikipedia. Now this discussion has been taken to Meta-Wiki. Contributors intrested in the area of military history are requested to share their feedback and give suggestions at [[:m:Talk:Discussion to incubate a user group for Wikipedia Military Historians|Talk:Discussion to incubate a user group for Wikipedia Military Historians]]. [[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង១០:៤៦ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី២១ ខែធ្នូ ឆ្នាំ២០១៧ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Krishna Chaitanya Velaga@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&oldid=17565441 --> == Editing News #1—2018 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2018/February|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]'' <div style="float:right;width:270px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]] '''Did you know?'''<div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> Did you know that you can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diff tool]] on any page? [[File:Wikitext diff paragraph move correcting vandalism 2018.png|alt=Screenshot showing some changes, in the two-column wikitext diff display|center|frameless|250px]] Sometimes, it is hard to see important changes in a wikitext diff. This screenshot of a wikitext diff (click to enlarge) shows that the paragraphs have been rearranged, but it does not highlight the removal of a word or the addition of a new sentence. If you [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|enable the Beta Feature]] for "{{Int:visualeditor-preference-visualdiffpage-label}}", you will have a new option. It will give you a new box at the top of every diff page. This box will let you choose either diff system on any edit. [[File:VisualEditor visual diff tool - toggle button.png|alt=Toggle button showing visual and wikitext options; visual option is selected|center|frameless|200px]] Click the toggle button to switch between visual and wikitext diffs. In the visual diff, additions, removals, new links, and formatting changes will be highlighted. Other changes, such as changing the size of an image, are described in notes on the side. [[File:Visual diff paragraph move correcting vandalism 2018.png|alt=Screenshot showing the same changes to an article. Most changes are highlighted with text formatting.|center|frameless|250px]] This screenshot shows the same edit as the wikitext diff. The visual diff highlights the removal of one word and the addition of a new sentence. You can read and help translate [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor. </div></div> Since [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2017/May|the last newsletter]], the [[mw:Editing|Editing Team]] has spent most of their time supporting [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|the 2017 wikitext editor mode]], which is available inside the visual editor as a Beta Feature, and improving [[mw:VisualEditor/Diffs|the visual diff tool]]. Their work board is available [[phab:project/view/3236/|in Phabricator]]. You can find links to the work finished each week at [[mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]]. Their [[mw:Editing team/Current priorities|current priorities]] are fixing bugs, supporting the 2017 wikitext editor, and improving the visual diff tool. ===Recent changes=== *The '''[[mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]]''' is [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|available as a Beta Feature]] on desktop devices. It has the same toolbar as the visual editor and can use the citoid service and other modern tools. The team have been comparing the performance of different editing environments. They have studied how long it takes to open the page and start typing. The study uses data for more than one million edits during December and January. Some changes have been made to improve the speed of the 2017 wikitext editor and the visual editor. Recently, the 2017 wikitext editor opened fastest for most edits, and the 2010 WikiEditor was fastest for some edits. More information will be posted at [[mw:Contributors/Projects/Editing performance]]. *The '''[[mw:VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diff tool]]''' was developed for the visual editor. It is now available to all users of the visual editor and the 2017 wikitext editor. When you review your changes, you can toggle between wikitext and visual diffs. You can also [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|enable the new Beta Feature]] for "Visual diffs". The Beta Feature lets you use the visual diff tool to view other people's edits on page histories and [[Special:RecentChanges]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T167508] *[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|'''Wikitext syntax highlighting''']] is available as a Beta Feature for both [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|the 2017 wikitext editor]] and the 2010 wikitext editor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T101246] *The [[mw:Citoid|citoid service]] automatically translates URLs, DOIs, ISBNs, and PubMed id numbers into wikitext citation templates. It is very popular and useful to editors, although it can be a bit tricky to set up. <mark>Your wiki can have this service. Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|read the instructions]]. You can [[phab:T127354|ask the team to help you enable citoid at your wiki]]</mark>. ===Let's work together=== *The team will talk about editing tools at an upcoming [[m:Wikimedia Foundation metrics and activities meetings|Wikimedia Foundation metrics and activities meeting]]. *Wikibooks, Wikiversity, and other communities may have the visual editor made available by default to contributors. If your community wants this, then please contact [[mw:User talk:Deskana (WMF)|Dan Garry]]. *The <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code> block can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Projects/Columns for references|automatically display long lists of references in columns]] on wide screens. This makes footnotes easier to read. You can [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?projects=Cite,VisualEditor,Wikimedia-Site-requests&title=Convert%20reference%20lists%20over%20to%20`responsive`%20on%20XXwiki&priority=10&parent=159895 '''request multi-column support'''] for your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33597] *If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly. We will notify you when the next issue is ready for translation. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} —[[mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] </div> ម៉ោង២០:៥៦ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី០២ ខែមីនា ឆ្នាំ២០១៨ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=17790200 --> == AdvancedSearch == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> From May 8, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:AdvancedSearch|AdvancedSearch]] will be available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]] in your wiki. The feature enhances the [[Special:Search|search page]] through an advanced parameters form and aims to make [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/AdvancedSearch/Functional_scope|existing search options]] more visible and accessible for everyone. AdvancedSearch is a project by [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/AdvancedSearch|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature and we hope that it will serve you well in your work! </div> [[m:User:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] ម៉ោង១៤:៥៣ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី០៧ ខែឧសភា ឆ្នាំ២០១៨ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Birgit Müller (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_2&oldid=17995461 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (May 2018) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to research and tools as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/69/ Rock's Backpages]''' – Music articles and interviews from the 1950s onwards - 50 accounts * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/68/ Invaluable]''' – Database of more than 50 million auctions and over 500,000 artists - 15 accounts * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/70/ Termsoup]''' – Translation tool '''Expansions''' * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/43/ Fold3]''' – Available content has more than doubled, now including new military collections from the UK, Australia, and New Zealand. * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/52/ Oxford University Press]''' – The Scholarship collection now includes [http://www.e-enlightenment.com/ Electronic Enlightenment] * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/60/ Alexander Street Press]''' – [https://alexanderstreet.com/products/women-and-social-movements-library Women and Social Movements Library] now available * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/58/ Cambridge University Press]''' – [http://orlando.cambridge.org/ Orlando Collection] now available Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/47/ Baylor University Press], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/41/ Loeb Classical Library], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/46/ Cairn], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/61/ Bloomsbury]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] ម៉ោង១៨:០៣ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី៣០ ខែឧសភា ឆ្នាំ២០១៨ (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=18064061 --> == Global preferences are available == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Global preferences are now available, you can set them by visiting your new [[Special:GlobalPreferences|global preferences page]]. Visit [[mw:Help:Extension:GlobalPreferences|mediawiki.org for information on how to use them]] and [[mw:Help talk:Extension:GlobalPreferences|leave feedback]]. -- [[User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) </div> ម៉ោង១៩:១៩ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី១០ ខែកក្កដា ឆ្នាំ២០១៨ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=17968247 --> == Consultation on the creation of a separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''({{int:please-translate}})'' Hi all, I'm preparing a change in who can edit sitewide CSS/JS pages. (These are pages like <code dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Common.css</code> and <code dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Vector.js</code> which are executed in the browser of all readers and editors.) Currently all administrators are able to edit these pages, which poses a serious and unnecessary security risk. Soon, a dedicated, smaller user group will take over this task. Your community will be able to decide who belongs in this group, so this should mean very little change for you. You can find out more and provide feedback at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|the consultation page on Meta]]. If you are involved in maintaining CSS/JS code, or policymaking around adminship requests, please give it a look! Thanks! <br/><span dir="ltr">[[m:User:Tgr|Tgr]] ([[m:User talk:Tgr|talk]]) ម៉ោង០៨:៤៥ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី១២ ខែកក្កដា ឆ្នាំ២០១៨ (UTC) <small>(via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|global message delivery]])</small></span> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tgr@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Nonechnical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=18199925 --> == New user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''({{int:please-translate}})'' Hi all! To improve the security of our readers and editors, permission handling for CSS/JS pages has changed. (These are pages like <code dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Common.css</code> and <code dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Vector.js</code> which contain code that is executed in the browsers of users of the site.) A new user group, <code dir="ltr">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface-admin]]</code>, has been created. Starting four weeks from now, only members of this group will be able edit CSS/JS pages that they do not own (that is, any page ending with <code dir="ltr">.css</code> or <code dir="ltr">.js</code> that is either in the <code dir="ltr">MediaWiki:</code> namespace or is another user's user subpage). You can learn more about the motivation behind the change [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|here]]. Please add users who need to edit CSS/JS to the new group (this can be done the same way new administrators are added, by stewards or local bureaucrats). This is a dangerous permission; a malicious user or a hacker taking over the account of a careless interface-admin can abuse it in far worse ways than admin permissions could be abused. Please only assign it to users who need it, who are trusted by the community, and who follow common basic password and computer security practices (use strong passwords, do not reuse passwords, use two-factor authentication if possible, do not install software of questionable origin on your machine, use antivirus software if that's a standard thing in your environment). Thanks! <br/><span dir="ltr">[[m:User:Tgr|Tgr]] ([[m:User talk:Tgr|talk]]) ម៉ោង១៣:០៨ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី៣០ ខែកក្កដា ឆ្នាំ២០១៨ (UTC) <small>(via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|global message delivery]])</small></span> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tgr@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=17968247 --> == IMPORTANT: Admin activity review == Hello. A new policy regarding the removal of "advanced rights" (administrator, bureaucrat, etc) was adopted by [[:m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|global community consensus]] in 2013. According to this policy, the [[:m:stewards|stewards]] are reviewing administrators' activity on smaller wikis. To the best of our knowledge, your wiki does not have a formal process for removing "advanced rights" from inactive accounts. This means that the stewards will take care of this according to the [[:m:Admin activity review|admin activity review]]. We have determined that the following users meet the inactivity criteria (no edits and no log actions for more than 2 years): #ទេព សុវិចិត្រ (administrator) #លឹម សុវណ្ណវិចិត្រ (administrator) These users will receive a notification soon, asking them to start a community discussion if they want to retain some or all of their rights. If the users do not respond, then their advanced rights will be removed by the stewards. However, if you as a community would like to create your own activity review process superseding the global one, want to make another decision about these inactive rights holders, or already have a policy that we missed, then please notify the [[:m:Stewards' noticeboard|stewards on Meta-Wiki]] so that we know not to proceed with the rights review on your wiki. Thanks, '''[[User:Rschen7754|Rs]][[User talk:Rschen7754|chen]][[Special:Contributions/Rschen7754|7754]]''' ម៉ោង០៤:៥១ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី១០ ខែសីហា ឆ្នាំ២០១៨ (UTC) == Editing of sitewide CSS/JS is only possible for interface administrators from now == ''({{int:please-translate}})'' <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hi all, as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS/announcement 2|announced previously]], permission handling for CSS/JS pages has changed: only members of the <code>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface-admin]]</code> ({{int:group-interface-admin}}) group, and a few highly privileged global groups such as stewards, can edit CSS/JS pages that they do not own (that is, any page ending with .css or .js that is either in the MediaWiki: namespace or is another user's user subpage). This is done to improve the security of readers and editors of Wikimedia projects. More information is available at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS]]. If you encounter any unexpected problems, please contact me or file a bug. Thanks!<br /> [[m:User:Tgr|Tgr]] ([[m:User talk:Tgr|talk]]) ម៉ោង១២:៣៩ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី២៧ ខែសីហា ឆ្នាំ២០១៨ (UTC) <small>(via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|global message delivery]])</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tgr@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18258712 --> == Read-only mode for up to an hour on 12 September and 10 October == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2018|Read this message in another language]] • {{int:please-translate}} The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its secondary data centre. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. They will switch all traffic to the secondary data center on '''Wednesday, 12 September 2018'''. On '''Wednesday, 10 October 2018''', they will switch back to the primary data center. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop when we switch. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Wednesday, 12 September and Wednesday, 10 October. The test will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20170503T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Thursday 13 September and Thursday 11 October). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. *There will be code freezes for the weeks of 10 September 2018 and 8 October 2018. Non-essential code deployments will not happen. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2018 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. '''Please share this information with your community.''' /<span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|User:Johan(WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Johan (WMF)|talk]])</span> </div></div> ម៉ោង១៣:៣៣ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី០៦ ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ២០១៨ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18333489 --> == The GFDL license on Commons == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> This has been posted here because your wiki allows local file uploads. {{int:please-translate}}. Commons [[c:Commons:Village pump/Proposals/Archive/2018/08#No longer allow GFDL for some new uploads|will no longer allow]] uploads of photos, paintings, drawings, audio and video that use the GFDL [[c:Commons:Licensing|license]] and no other license. This starts after 14 October. Textbooks, manuals and logos, diagrams and screenshots from GFDL software manuals that only use the GFDL license are still allowed. Files licensed with both GFDL and an accepted license like Creative Commons BY-SA are still allowed. There is no time limit to move files from other projects to Commons. The licensing date is all that counts. It doesn't matter when the file was uploaded or created. Every wiki that allows local uploads should check if bots, scripts and templates that are used to move files to Commons need to be updated. Also update your local policy documentation if needed. The decision to allow files that only have a GFDL license, or not allow them, is a decision all wikis can make for themselves. Your wiki can decide to continue allowing the files that Commons will no longer allow after 14 October. If your wiki decides to continue to allow files after 14 October that Commons will no longer allow those files should not be moved to Commons. — [[User:Alexis Jazz|Alexis Jazz]], <small>distributed by [[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan]] using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|MassMessage]]</small> </div></div> ម៉ោង១៨:១១ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី២០ ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ២០១៨ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Alexis_Jazz/GFDL_MassMessage/Distribution&oldid=18392882 --> == The Community Wishlist Survey == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> The Community Wishlist Survey. {{Int:Please-translate}}. Hey everyone, The Community Wishlist Survey is the process when the Wikimedia communities decide what the Wikimedia Foundation [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech]] should work on over the next year. The Community Tech team is focused on tools for experienced Wikimedia editors. You can post technical proposals from now until 11 November. The communities will vote on the proposals between 16 November and 30 November. You can read more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2019|wishlist survey page]]. <span dir=ltr>/[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|User:Johan (WMF)]]</span></div></div> ម៉ោង១១:០៦ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី៣០ ខែតុលា ឆ្នាំ២០១៨ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18458512 --> == Editing News #2—2018 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''[[metawiki:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2018/October|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]'' <div style="float:right;width:270px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]] '''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> Did you know that you can use the visual editor on a mobile device? [[File:Mobile editing watchlist star editing pencil.png|alt=Screenshot showing the location of the pencil icon|center|frameless|250px]] Tap on the pencil icon to start editing. The page will probably open in the wikitext editor. You will see another pencil icon in the toolbar. Tap on that pencil icon to the switch between visual editing and wikitext editing. [[File:Visual editing mobile switch wikitext.png|alt=Toolbar with menu opened|center|frameless|250px]] Remember to publish your changes when you're done. You can read and help translate [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.</div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:Editing|Editing Team]] has wrapped up most of their work on the [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] and [[mw:VisualEditor/Diffs|the visual diff tool]]. The team has begun investigating the needs of editors who use mobile devices. Their work board is available [[phab:project/view/3236/|in Phabricator]]. Their [[mw:Wikimedia Audiences/2018-19 Q2 Goals#Contributors|current priorities]] are fixing bugs and improving mobile editing. === Recent changes === *The Editing team has published an [[mw:Mobile editing using the visual editor report|initial report about mobile editing]]. *The Editing team has begun a design study of visual editing on the mobile website. New editors have trouble doing basic tasks on a smartphone, such as adding links to Wikipedia articles. You can [[c:File:Visual Editor Heuristic - Results.pdf|read the report]]. *The Reading team is working on a [[mw:Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|separate mobile-based contributions project]]. *The 2006 wikitext editor is [[mw:Contributors/Projects/Removal of the 2006 wikitext editor|no longer supported]]. If you used [[:File:Edit toolbar - 2.png|that toolbar]], then you will no longer see any toolbar. You may choose another editing tool in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|editing preferences]], [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|local gadgets]], or [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]]. *The Editing team described the history and status of [[mw:Extension:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] in [[m:Wikimedia monthly activities meetings/2018-03|this recorded public presentation]] (starting at 29 minutes, 30 seconds). *The Language team released [[mw:Content translation/V2|a new version of Content Translation]] (CX2) last month, on [[foundationsite:2018/09/30/international-translation-day/|International Translation Day]]. It integrates the visual editor to support templates, tables, and images. It also produces better wikitext when the translated article is published. [https://wikimediafoundation.org/2018/09/30/content-translation-version-two/] === Let's work together === * The Editing team wants to improve visual editing on the mobile website. <mark>Please read [[mw:Visual-based mobile editing/Ideas/October 2018|their ideas]] and tell the team what you think would help editors who use the mobile site.</mark> *The [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2019|Community Wishlist Survey]] begins next week. *If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly. We will notify you when the next issue is ready for translation. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} —[[mw:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) </div> ម៉ោង១៤:១៧ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី០២ ខែវិច្ឆិកា ឆ្នាំ២០១៨ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=17790200 --> == Change coming to how certain templates will appear on the mobile web == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> '''Change coming to how certain templates will appear on the mobile web''' {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Page_issues_-_mobile_banner_example.jpg|thumb|Example of improvements]] Hello, In a few weeks the Readers web team will be changing how some templates look on the mobile web site. We will make these templates more noticeable when viewing the article. We ask for your help in updating any templates that don't look correct. What kind of templates? Specifically templates that notify readers and contributors about issues with the content of an article – the text and information in the article. Examples like [[wikidata:Q5962027|Template:Unreferenced]] or [[Wikidata:Q5619503|Template:More citations needed]]. Right now these notifications are hidden behind a link under the title of an article. We will format templates like these (mostly those that use Template:Ambox or message box templates in general) to show a short summary under the page title. You can tap on the "Learn more" link to get more information. For template editors we have [[mw:Recommendations_for_mobile_friendly_articles_on_Wikimedia_wikis#Making_page_issues_(ambox_templates)_mobile_friendly|some recommendations on how to make templates that are mobile-friendly]] and also further [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_Page_Issues|documentation on our work so far]]. If you have questions about formatting templates for mobile, [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_Page_Issues|please leave a note on the project talk page]] or [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?projects=Readers-Web-Backlog file a task in Phabricator] and we will help you. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} </div> [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង១៩:៣៤ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី១៣ ខែវិច្ឆិកា ឆ្នាំ២០១៨ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18543269 --> == Community Wishlist Survey vote == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> The Community Wishlist Survey. {{Int:Please-translate}}. Hey everyone, The Community Wishlist Survey is the process when the Wikimedia communities decide what the Wikimedia Foundation [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech]] should work on over the next year. The Community Tech team is focused on tools for experienced Wikimedia editors. The communities have now posted a long list of technical proposals. You can vote on the proposals from now until 30 November. You can read more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2019|wishlist survey page]]. <span dir=ltr>/[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|User:Johan (WMF)]]</span></div></div> ម៉ោង១៨:១៣ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី២២ ខែវិច្ឆិកា ឆ្នាំ២០១៨ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18543269 --> == Advanced Search == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/AdvancedSearch|Advanced Search]] will become a default feature on your wiki on November 28. This new interface allows you to perform specialized searches on the [[Special:Search|search page]], even if you don’t know any [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch|search syntax]]. Advanced Search originates from the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishes project]]. It's already a default feature on German, Arabic, Farsi and Hungarian Wikipedia. Besides, more than 40.000 users across all wikis have tested the beta version. Feedback is welcome on the [[mw:Help talk:Extension:AdvancedSearch|central feedback page]].</div> [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|talk]]) ម៉ោង១១:០២ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី២៦ ខែវិច្ឆិកា ឆ្នាំ២០១៨ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_2&oldid=18363910 --> == New Wikimedia password policy and requirements == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} The Wikimedia Foundation security team is implementing a new [[m:Password policy|password policy and requirements]]. [[mw:Wikimedia_Security_Team/Password_strengthening_2019|You can learn more about the project on MediaWiki.org]]. These new requirements will apply to new accounts and privileged accounts. New accounts will be required to create a password with a minimum length of 8 characters. Privileged accounts will be prompted to update their password to one that is at least 10 characters in length. These changes are planned to be in effect on December 13th. If you think your work or tools will be affected by this change, please let us know on [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia_Security_Team/Password_strengthening_2019|the talk page]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} </div> [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង២០:០៣ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី០៦ ខែធ្នូ ឆ្នាំ២០១៨ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18639017 --> == Invitation from Wiki Loves Love 2019 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:WLL Subtitled Logo (transparent).svg|right|frameless]] Love is an important subject for humanity and it is expressed in different cultures and regions in different ways across the world through different gestures, ceremonies, festivals and to document expression of this rich and beautiful emotion, we need your help so we can share and spread the depth of cultures that each region has, the best of how people of that region, celebrate love. [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love|Wiki Loves Love (WLL)]] is an international photography competition of Wikimedia Commons with the subject love testimonials happening in the month of February. The primary goal of the competition is to document love testimonials through human cultural diversity such as monuments, ceremonies, snapshot of tender gesture, and miscellaneous objects used as symbol of love; to illustrate articles in the worldwide free encyclopedia Wikipedia, and other Wikimedia Foundation (WMF) projects. The theme of 2019 iteration is '''''Celebrations, Festivals, Ceremonies and rituals of love.''''' Sign up your affiliate or individually at [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2019/Participants|Participants]] page. To know more about the contest, check out our [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2019|Commons Page]] and [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2018/FAQ|FAQs]] There are several prizes to grab. Hope to see you spreading love this February with Wiki Loves Love! Kind regards, [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2018/International Team|Wiki Loves Love Team]] Imagine... the sum of all love! </div> --[[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង១០:១២ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី២៧ ខែធ្នូ ឆ្នាំ២០១៨ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18639017 --> == FileExporter beta feature == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Logo for FileExporter.svg|thumb|Coming soon: the beta feature [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter]]]] A new beta feature will soon be released on all wikis: The [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter]]. It allows exports of files from a local wiki to Wikimedia Commons, including their file history and page history. Which files can be exported is defined by each wiki's community: '''Please check your wiki's [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons/Configuration file documentation|configuration file]]''' if you want to use this feature. The FileExporter has already been a beta feature on [https://www.mediawiki.org mediawiki.org], [https://meta.wikimedia.org meta.wikimedia], deWP, faWP, arWP, koWP and on [https://wikisource.org wikisource.org]. After some functionality was added, it's now becoming a beta feature on all wikis. Deployment is planned for January 16. More information can be found [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|on the project page]]. As always, feedback is highly appreciated. If you want to test the FileExporter, please activate it in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|user preferences]]. The best place for feedback is the [[mw:Help_talk:Extension:FileImporter|central talk page]]. Thank you from Wikimedia Deutschland's [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes project]]. </div> [[User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] ម៉ោង០៩:៤១ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី១៤ ខែមករា ឆ្នាំ២០១៩ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=18782700 --> == No editing for 30 minutes on 17 January == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You will '''not be able to edit''' the wikis for up to 30 minutes on '''[https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190117T07 17 January 07:00 UTC]'''. This is because of a database problem that has to be fixed immediately. You can still read the wikis. Some wikis are not affected. They don't get this message. You can see which wikis are '''not''' affected [[:m:User:Johan (WMF)/201901ReadOnlyPage|on this page]]. Most wikis are affected. The time you can not edit might be shorter than 30 minutes. /[[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]</div> [[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង១៨:៤៤ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី១៦ ខែមករា ឆ្នាំ២០១៩ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/201901ReadOnly/Targets3&oldid=18789231 --> == Talk to us about talking == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-rtl.svg|alt="icon depicting two speech Bubbles"|frameless|right|120px]] The Wikimedia Foundation is planning a [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|global consultation about communication]]. The goal is to bring Wikimedians and wiki-minded people together to improve tools for communication. We want all contributors to be able to talk to each other on the wikis, whatever their experience, their skills or their devices. We are looking for input from as many different parts of the Wikimedia community as possible. It will come from multiple projects, in multiple languages, and with multiple perspectives. We are currently planning the consultation. We need your help. '''We need volunteers to help talk to their communities or user groups.''' You can help by hosting a discussion at your wiki. Here's what to do: # First, [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Participant group sign-up|sign up your group here.]] # Next, create a page (or a section on a Village pump, or an e-mail thread – whatever is natural for your group) to collect information from other people in your group. This is not a vote or decision-making discussion: we are just collecting feedback. # Then ask people what they think about communication processes. We want to hear stories and other information about how people communicate with each other on and off wiki. Please consider asking these five questions: ## When you want to discuss a topic with your community, what tools work for you, and what problems block you? ## What about talk pages works for newcomers, and what blocks them? ## What do others struggle with in your community about talk pages? ## What do you wish you could do on talk pages, but can't due to the technical limitations? ## What are the important aspects of a "wiki discussion"? # Finally, please go to [[mw:Talk:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk pages consultation 2019 on Mediawiki.org]] and report what you learned from your group. Please include links if the discussion is available to the public. '''You can also help build the list of the many different ways people talk to each other.''' Not all groups active on wikis or around wikis use the same way to discuss things: it can happen on wiki, on social networks, through external tools... Tell us [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Tools in use|how your group communicates]]. You can read more about [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|the overall process]] on mediawiki.org. If you have questions or ideas, you can [[mw:Talk:Talk pages consultation 2019|leave feedback about the consultation process]] in the language you prefer. Thank you! We're looking forward to talking with you. </div> [[user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ម៉ោង១៥:០១ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី២១ ខែកុម្ភៈ ឆ្នាំ២០១៩ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18639017 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (March 2019) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/72/ Kinige]''' – Primarily Indian-language ebooks - 10 books per month * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale]''' – Times Digital Archive collection added (covering 1785-2013) * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/54/ JSTOR]''' – New applications now being taken again Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/47/ Baylor University Press], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/10/ Taylor & Francis], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/46/ Cairn], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/32/ Annual Reviews] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/61/ Bloomsbury]. You can request new partnerships on our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/suggest/ Suggestions page]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] ម៉ោង១៧:៤០ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី១៣ ខែមីនា ឆ្នាំ២០១៩ (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=18873404 --> == Read-only mode for up to 30 minutes on 11 April == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You will '''not be able to edit''' most Wikimedia wikis for up to 30 minutes on '''[https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190411T05 11 April 05:00 UTC]'''. This is because of a hardware problem. You can still read the wikis. You [[phab:T220080|can see which wikis are affected]]. The time you can not edit might be shorter than 30 minutes. /[[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]</div></div></div> ម៉ោង១០:៥៦ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី០៨ ខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ២០១៩ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18979889 --> == Wikimedia Foundation Medium-Term Plan feedback request == {{int:please-translate}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The Wikimedia Foundation has published a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Medium-term_plan_2019|Medium-Term Plan proposal]] covering the next 3–5 years. We want your feedback! Please leave all comments and questions, in any language, on [[m:Talk:Wikimedia_Foundation_Medium-term_plan_2019|the talk page]], by April 20. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Quiddity (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង១៧:៣៥ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី១២ ខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ២០១៩ (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18998727 --> == Editing News #1—July 2019 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2019/July|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]'' <div style="float:right;width:270px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]] <big>'''Did you know?'''</big> <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> Did you know that you can use the visual editor on a mobile device? Every article has a pencil icon at the top. Tap on the pencil icon [[File:OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg|frameless|16x16px]] to start editing. '''<big>Edit Cards</big>''' [[File:EditCards-v.20.png|alt=Toolbar with menu opened|center|frameless|250px]] This is what the new '''Edit Cards for editing links''' in the mobile visual editor look like. You can try the prototype here: '''[[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 Try Edit Cards]].''' </div></div> Welcome back to the [[mw:Editing|Editing]] newsletter. Since [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2018/October|the last newsletter]], the team has released two new features for the [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|mobile visual editor]] and has started developing three more. All of this work is part of the team's goal to [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2018-2019/Audiences#Outcome 3: Mobile Contribution|make editing on mobile web simpler]]. Before talking about the team's recent releases, we have a question for you: <strong>Are you willing to try a new way to add and change links?</strong> If you are interested, we would value your input! You can try this new link tool in the mobile visual editor on a separate wiki. <em>Follow these instructions and share your experience:</em> <strong>[[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 Try Edit Cards]].</strong> === Recent releases === The mobile visual editor is a simpler editing tool, for smartphones and tablets using the [[mw:Reading/Web/Mobile#About|mobile site]]. The Editing team recently launched two new features to improve the mobile visual editor: # [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Section editing|Section editing]] #* The purpose is to help contributors focus on their edits. #* The team studied this with an A/B test. [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Section editing#16 June 2019|This test showed]] that contributors who could use section editing were '''1% more likely to publish''' the edits they started than people with only full-page editing. # [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile#March 1, 2019|Loading overlay]] #* The purpose is to smooth the transition between reading and editing. Section editing and the new loading overlay are '''now available to everyone''' using the mobile visual editor. === New and active projects === This is a list of our most active projects. [[mw:Help:Watching pages|Watch]] these pages to learn about project updates and to share your input on new designs, prototypes and research findings. *[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|Edit cards]]: This is a clearer way to add and edit links, citations, images, templates, etc. in articles. You can try this feature now. <em>Go here to see how:</em> [[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 <em>Try Edit Cards</em>]]. *[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh|Mobile toolbar refresh]]: This project will learn if contributors are more successful when the editing tools are easier to recognize. *[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default|Mobile visual editor availability]]: This A/B test asks: ''Are newer contributors more successful if they use the mobile visual editor?'' We are collaborating with [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default#26 June 2019 %E2%80%93 Participating wikis and test start date|20 Wikipedias]] to answer this question. *[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Usability improvements|Usability improvements]]: This project will make the mobile visual editor easier to use. The goal is to let contributors stay focused on editing and to feel more confident in the editing tools. === Looking ahead === * '''Wikimania:''' Several members of the Editing Team will be attending [[wmania:|Wikimania]] in August 2019. They will lead a session about mobile editing in the [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/Visual editing on mobile: An accessible editor for all|Community Growth space]]. Talk to the team about how editing can be improved. * '''Talk Pages:''' In the coming months, the Editing Team will begin [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|improving talk pages]] and communication on the wikis. === Learning more === The [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|VisualEditor on mobile]] is a good place to learn more about the projects we are working on. The team wants to talk with you about anything related to editing. If you have something to say or ask, please leave a message at [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor on mobile|Talk:VisualEditor on mobile]]. [[user:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:user_talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) & [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:user_talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) </div> ម៉ោង១៨:៣២ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី២៣ ខែកក្កដា ឆ្នាំ២០១៩ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=19175117 --> == Update on the consultation about office actions == Hello all, Last month, the Wikimedia Foundation's Trust & Safety team [[:en:Wikipedia:Village_pump_(policy)/Archive_152#Announcement_of_forthcoming_temporary_and_partial_ban_tool_consultation|announced]] a future consultation about partial and/or temporary [[m:Special:MyLanguage/office actions|office actions]]. We want to let you know that the '''draft version''' of this consultation has now been [[:m:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|posted on Meta]]. This is a '''draft'''. It is not intended to be the consultation itself, which will be posted on Meta likely in early September. Please do not treat this draft as a consultation. Instead, we ask your assistance in forming the final language for the consultation. For that end, we would like your input over the next couple of weeks about what questions the consultation should ask about partial and temporary Foundation office action bans and how it should be formatted. '''[[:m:Talk:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|Please post it on the draft talk page]]'''. Our goal is to provide space for the community to discuss all the aspects of these office actions that need to be discussed, and we want to ensure with your feedback that the consultation is presented in the best way to encourage frank and constructive conversation. Please visit [[:m:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|the consultation draft on Meta-wiki]] and leave your comments on the draft’s talk page about what the consultation should look like and what questions it should ask. Thank you for your input! -- The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety|Trust & Safety team]] ម៉ោង០៨:០៣ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី១៦ ខែសីហា ឆ្នាំ២០១៩ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=19175143 --> == New tools and IP masking == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hey everyone, The Wikimedia Foundation wants to work on two things that affect how we patrol changes and handle vandalism and harassment. We want to make the tools that are used to handle bad edits better. We also want to get better privacy for unregistered users so their IP addresses are no longer shown to everyone in the world. We would not hide IP addresses until we have better tools for patrolling. We have an idea of what tools ''could'' be working better and how a more limited access to IP addresses would change things, but we need to hear from more wikis. You can read more about the project [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|on Meta]] and [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|post comments and feedback]]. Now is when we need to hear from you to be able to give you better tools to handle vandalism, spam and harassment. You can post in your language if you can't write in English. [[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]</div></div></div> ម៉ោង១៤:១៨ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី២១ ខែសីហា ឆ្នាំ២០១៩ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tools_and_IP_message/Distribution&oldid=19315232 --> == The consultation on partial and temporary Foundation bans just started == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div class="plainlinks"> Hello, In a [[:en:Wikipedia:Community_response_to_the_Wikimedia_Foundation%27s_ban_of_Fram/Official_statements#Board_statement|recent statement]], the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees [[:en:Wikipedia:Community_response_to_the_Wikimedia_Foundation%27s_ban_of_Fram/Official_statements#Board_statement|requested that staff hold a consultation]] to "re-evaluat[e] or add community input to the two new office action policy tools (temporary and partial Foundation bans)". Accordingly, the Foundation's Trust & Safety team invites all Wikimedians [[:m:Office actions/Community consultation on partial and temporary office actions/09 2019|to join this consultation and give their feedback]] from 30 September to 30 October. How can you help? * Suggest how partial and temporary Foundation bans should be used, if they should (eg: On all projects, or only on a subset); * Give ideas about how partial and temporary Foundation bans should ideally implemented, if they should be; and/or * Propose changes to the existing Office Actions policy on partial and temporary bans. We offer our thanks in advance for your contributions, and we hope to get as much input as possible from community members during this consultation! </div> </div>-- [[user:Kbrown (WMF)|Kbrown (WMF)]] ម៉ោង១៧:១៤ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី៣០ ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ២០១៩ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=19302497 --> == Feedback wanted on Desktop Improvements project == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{Int:Please-translate}} {{int:Hello}}. The Readers Web team at the WMF will work on some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|improvements to the desktop interface]] over the next couple of years. The goal is to increase usability without removing any functionality. We have been inspired by changes made by volunteers, but that currently only exist as local gadgets and user scripts, prototypes, and volunteer-led skins. We would like to begin the process of bringing some of these changes into the default experience on all Wikimedia projects. We are currently in the research stage of this project and are looking for ideas for improvements, as well as feedback on our current ideas and mockups. So far, we have performed interviews with community members at Wikimania. We have gathered lists of previous volunteer and WMF work in this area. We are examining possible technical approaches for such changes. We would like individual feedback on the following: * Identifying focus areas for the project we have not yet discovered * Expanding the list of existing gadgets and user scripts that are related to providing a better desktop experience. If you can think of some of these from your wiki, please let us know * Feedback on the ideas and mockups we have collected so far We would also like to gather a list of wikis that would be interested in being test wikis for this project - these wikis would be the first to receive the updates once we’re ready to start building. When giving feedback, please consider the following goals of the project: * Make it easier for readers to focus on the content * Provide easier access to everyday actions (e.g. search, language switching, editing) * Put things in logical and useful places * Increase consistency in the interface with other platforms - mobile web and the apps * Eliminate clutter * Plan for future growth As well as the following constraints: * Not touching the content - no work will be done in terms of styling templates or to the structure of page contents themselves * Not removing any functionality - things might move around, but all navigational items and other functionality currently available by default will remain * No drastic changes to the layout - we're taking an evolutionary approach to the changes and want the site to continue feeling familiar to readers and editors Please give all feedback (in any language) at [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements]] After this round of feedback, we plan on building a prototype of suggested changes based on the feedback we receive. You’ll hear from us again asking for feedback on this prototype. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[mw:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Quiddity (WMF)|talk]]) </div> ម៉ោង០៧:១៨ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី១៦ ខែតុលា ឆ្នាំ២០១៩ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/Global_message_delivery_split_4&oldid=19462890 --> == Beta feature "Reference Previews" == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> A new beta feature will soon be deployed to your wiki: [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Reference Previews]]. As you might guess from the name, this feature gives you a preview of references in the article text. That means, you can look up a reference without jumping down to the bottom of the page. Reference Previews have already been a beta feature on German and Arabic Wikipedia since April. Now they will become available on more wikis. Deployment is planned for October 24. More information can be found [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews|on the project page]]. As always, feedback is highly appreciated. If you want to test Reference Previews, please activate the beta feature in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|user preferences]] and let us know what you think. The best place for feedback is the [[mw:Help talk:Reference Previews|central talk page]]. We hope the feature will serve you well in your work. Thank you from Wikimedia Deutschland's [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes project]]. </div> -- [[User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] ម៉ោង០៩:៤៧ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី២៣ ខែតុលា ឆ្នាំ២០១៩ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=19478814 --> == Editing News #2 – Mobile editing and talk pages == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <em>[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2019/October|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</em> Inside this newsletter, the [[mw:Editing|Editing team]] talks about their work on the [[mw:Mobile visual editor|mobile visual editor]], on [[mw:Talk pages project|the new talk pages project]], and at [[wikimania:|Wikimania 2019]]. === Help === <strong>What talk page interactions do you remember?</strong> Is it a story about how someone helped you to learn something new? Is it a story about how someone helped you get involved in a group? Something else? Whatever your story is, we want to hear it! Please tell us a story about how you used a talk page. <mark>Please share a link to a memorable discussion, or describe it on the <strong>[[mw:Topic:V8d91yh8gcg404dj|talk page for this project]]</strong>.</mark> The team wants your examples. These examples will help everyone develop a shared understanding of what this project should support and encourage. === Talk pages project === The [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk Pages Consultation]] was a global consultation to define better tools for wiki communication. From February through June 2019, more than 500 volunteers on 20 wikis, across 15 languages and multiple projects, came together with members of the Foundation to create a product direction for a set of discussion tools. The [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Phase 2 report|Phase 2 Report]] of the Talk Page Consultation was published in August. It summarizes the product direction the team has started to work on, which you can read more about here: [[mw:Talk pages project|Talk Page Project project page]]. The team needs and wants your help at this early stage. They are starting to develop the first idea. Please add your name to the [[mw:Talk pages project#Getting involved|<strong>"Getting involved"</strong>]] section of the project page, if you would like to hear about opportunities to participate. === Mobile visual editor === The Editing team is trying to make it simpler to edit on mobile devices. The team is changing the [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|visual editor on mobile]]. If you have something to say about editing on a mobile device, please leave a message at [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor on mobile|Talk:VisualEditor on mobile]]. ==== [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|Edit Cards]] ==== [[File:Edit Cards-before-v3-comparison.png|thumb|486x486px|What happens when you click on a link. The new Edit Card is bigger and has more options for editing links.]] * On 3 September, the Editing team released [[:File:Edit Cards comparison v2 and v3.png|version 3 of Edit Cards]]. Anyone could use the new version in the mobile visual editor. * There is an [[:File:Edit Cards comparison v2 and v3.png|updated design]] on the Edit Card for adding and modifying links. There is also a new, [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards#2 September 2019 - v3 deployment timing|combined workflow for editing a link's display text and target]]. * Feedback: You can try the new Edit Cards by opening the mobile visual editor on a smartphone. Please post your feedback on the [[:mw:Topic:V5rg0cqmikpubmjj|Edit cards talk page]]. ==== [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh|Toolbar]] ==== [[File:Toolbar-comparison-v1.png|thumb|486px|The editing toolbar is changing in the mobile visual editor. The old system had two different toolbars. Now, all the buttons are together. [[mw:Topic:V79x6zm8n6i4nb56|Tell the team what you think about the new toolbar]].]] * In September, the Editing team updated the mobile visual editor's editing toolbar. Anyone could see these changes in the mobile visual editor. ** <em>One toolbar:</em> All of the editing tools are located in one toolbar. Previously, the toolbar changed when you clicked on different things. **<em>New navigation:</em> The buttons for moving forward and backward in the edit flow have changed. **<em>Seamless switching:</em> an [[phab:T228159|improved workflow]] for switching between the visual and wikitext modes. * Feedback: You can try the refreshed toolbar by opening the mobile VisualEditor on a smartphone. Please post your feedback on the [[mw:Topic:V79x6zm8n6i4nb56|Toolbar feedback talk page]]. === Wikimania === The Editing Team attended [[wmania:2019:Program|Wikimania 2019]] in Sweden. They led a session on [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/Visual editing on mobile: An accessible editor for all|the mobile visual editor]] and a session on [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/After Flow: A new direction for improving talk pages|the new talk pages project]]. They tested [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh#v1 prototype|two]] new [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards#v3 prototype|features]] in the mobile visual editor with contributors. You can read more about what the team did and learned in [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile#Wikimania Stockholm: Overview|the team's report on Wikimania 2019]]. === Looking ahead === * <strong>Talk Pages Project:</strong> The team is thinking about the first set of proposed changes. The team will be working with a few communities to pilot those changes. The best way to stay informed is by adding your username to the list on the project page: [[mw:Talk pages project#Getting involved|<strong>Getting involved</strong>]]. * <strong>Testing the mobile visual editor as the default:</strong> The Editing team plans to post results before the end of the calendar year. The best way to stay informed is by adding the project page to your watchlist: [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default|<strong>VisualEditor as mobile default project page</strong>]]. * <strong>Measuring the impact of Edit Cards:</strong> This study asks whether the project helped editors add links and citations. The Editing team hopes to share results in November. The best way to stay informed is by adding the project page to your watchlist: [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|<strong>Edit Cards project page</strong>]]. – [[User:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) & [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) </div> ម៉ោង១១:១២ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី២៩ ខែតុលា ឆ្នាំ២០១៩ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Target_lists/VE_201910/4&oldid=19500850 --> == Movement Learning and Leadership Development Project == Hello The Wikimedia Foundation’s Community Development team is seeking to learn more about the way volunteers learn and develop into the many different roles that exist in the movement. Our goal is to build a movement informed framework that provides shared clarity and outlines accessible pathways on how to grow and develop skills within the movement. To this end, we are looking to speak with you, our community to learn about your journey as a Wikimedia volunteer. Whether you joined yesterday or have been here from the very start, we want to hear about the many ways volunteers join and contribute to our movement. To learn more about the project, [[:m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Learning and Leadership Development Project|please visit the Meta page]]. If you are interested in participating in the project, please complete [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSegM07N1FK_s0VUECM61AlWOthwdn5zQOlVsa2vaKcx13BwZg/viewform?usp=sf_link this simple Google form]. Although we may not be able to speak to everyone who expresses interest, we encourage you to complete this short form if you are interested in participating! -- [[user:LMiranda (WMF)|LMiranda (WMF)]] ([[user talk:LMiranda (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង១៩:០១ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី២២ ខែមករា ឆ្នាំ២០២០ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Trizek_(WMF)/sandbox/temp_MassMessage_list&oldid=19738989 --> == Additional interface for edit conflicts on talk pages == ''Sorry, for writing this text in English. If you could help to translate it, it would be appreciated.'' You might know the new interface for edit conflicts (currently a beta feature). Now, Wikimedia Germany is designing an additional interface to solve edit conflicts on talk pages. This interface is shown to you when you write on a discussion page and another person writes a discussion post in the same line and saves it before you do. With this additional editing conflict interface you can adjust the order of the comments and edit your comment. We are inviting everyone to have a look at [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Edit Conflicts#Edit conflicts on talk pages|the planned feature]]. Let us know what you think on our [[mw:Help talk:Two Column Edit Conflict View|central feedback page]]! -- For the Technical Wishes Team: [[m:User:Max Klemm (WMDE)|Max Klemm (WMDE)]] ម៉ោង១៤:១៥ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី២៦ ខែកុម្ភៈ ឆ្នាំ២០២០ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Max Klemm (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=19845780 --> == Editing news 2020 #1 – Discussion tools == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <em>[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/April|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</em> [[File:TalkPages-Reply-v1.0.png|thumb|300px|alt=Screenshot showing what the Reply tool looks like|This early version of the Reply tool automatically signs and indents comments.]] The [[mw:Editing|Editing team]] has been working on [[mw:Talk pages project|the talk pages project]]. The goal of the talk pages project is to help contributors communicate on wiki more easily. This project is the result of the [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk pages consultation 2019]]. [[File:TalkPages-Reply-v2.0.png|thumb|300px|alt=Reply tool improved with edit tool buttons|In a future update, the team plans to test a tool for easily linking to another user's name, a rich-text editing option, and other tools.]] The team is building a [[mw:Talk pages project/replying|new tool for replying]] to comments now. This early version can sign and indent comments automatically. <strong>Please [[mw:Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing#Reply%20version%201.0|test the new Reply tool]].</strong> *On 31 March 2020, the new {{Int:discussiontools-replylink}} tool was offered as a [[mw:Beta Feature|Beta Feature]] editors at four Wikipedias: [[w:ar:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Arabic]], [[w:nl:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Dutch]], [[w:fr:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|French]], and [[w:hu:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Hungarian]]. If your community also wants early access to the new tool, contact [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]]. *The team is planning some upcoming changes. <strong>Please [[mw:Talk pages project/replying#Version%202.0|review the proposed design]] and share your thoughts on the talk page.</strong> The team will test features such as: **an easy way to mention another editor ("pinging"), **a rich-text visual editing option, and **other features identified through user testing or recommended by editors. To hear more about Editing Team updates, please add your name to the [[mw:Talk pages project#Get involved|<strong>"Get involved"</strong>]] section of the project page. You can also watch [[File:MediaWiki Vector skin blue star watchlist icon.svg|frameless|16px]] these pages: [[mw:Talk pages project|the main project page]], [[mw:Talk pages project/Updates|Updates]], [[mw:Talk pages project/replying|Replying]], and [[mw:Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing|User testing]]. – [[user:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) & [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) </div> ម៉ោង១៩:២៤ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី០៨ ខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ២០២០ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/sandbox2&oldid=19967064 --> == Editing news 2020 #2 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/June|Read this in another language]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</em> [[File:TalkPages-Reply-v2.0.png|alt=Mockup of the new reply feature, showing new editing tools|thumb|400x400px|The new features include a toolbar. [[mw:Talk:Talk pages project/replying|What do you think should be in the toolbar?]]]] This issue of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing|Editing]] newsletter includes information the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|Talk pages project]], an effort to help contributors communicate on wiki more easily. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying|<strong>Reply tool</strong>]]: This is available as a Beta Feature at the four partner wikis (Arabic, Dutch, French, and Hungarian Wikipedias). The Beta Feature is called "{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}". The Beta Feature will get [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying#Version%202.0|new features]] soon. The new features include writing comments in a new visual editing mode and pinging other users by typing <code>@</code>. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing#Reply%20tool%20version%202.0|test the new features]] on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] now. Some other wikis will have a chance to try the Beta Feature in the coming months. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New requirements for user signatures|<strong>New requirements for user signatures</strong>]]: Soon, users will not be able to save invalid custom signatures in [[Special:Preferences]]. This will reduce signature spoofing, prevent page corruption, and make new talk page tools more reliable. Most editors will not be affected. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion|<strong>New discussion tool</strong>]]: The Editing team is beginning work on a simpler process for starting new discussions. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion#Design|see the initial design on the project page]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Usage of talk pages|<strong>Research on the use of talk pages</strong>]]: The Editing team worked with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Research|Wikimedia research team]] to study how talk pages help editors improve articles. We learned that new editors who use talk pages make more edits to the main namespace than new editors who don't use talk pages. – [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) </div> ម៉ោង២០:៣៣ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី១៧ ខែមិថុនា ឆ្នាំ២០២០ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Trizek_(WMF)/sandbox/temp_MassMessage_list&oldid=20184653 --> == Annual contest Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos == [[File:WPWP logo 1.png|150px|right|Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP)]] This is to invite you to join the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP) campaign to help improve Wikipedia articles with photos and win prizes. The campaign starts today 1st July 2020 and closes 31st August 2020. The campaign primarily aims at using images from Wikimedia Commons on Wikipedia articles that are lacking images. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photo images, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years. Please visit the '''[[m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos|campaign page]]''' to learn more about the WPWP Campaign. With kind regards, Thank you, Deborah Schwartz Jacobs, Communities Liaison, On behalf of the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Organizing Team - ម៉ោង០៨:២៤ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី០១ ខែកក្កដា ឆ្នាំ២០២០ (UTC) ''feel free to translate this message to your local language when this helps your community'' <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Romaine/MassMessage&oldid=20232618 --> == Feedback on movement names == {{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{int:please-translate}} if necessary. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} There are a lot of conversations happening about the future of our movement names. We hope that you are part of these discussions and that your community is represented. Since 16 June, the Foundation Brand Team has been running a [https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9G2dN7P0T7gPqpD survey] in 7 languages about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Communications/Wikimedia brands/2030 movement brand project/Naming convention proposals|3 naming options]]. There are also community members sharing concerns about renaming in a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community open letter on renaming|Community Open Letter]]. Our goal in this call for feedback is to hear from across the community, so we encourage you to participate in the survey, the open letter, or both. The survey will go through 7 July in all timezones. Input from the survey and discussions will be analyzed and published on Meta-Wiki. Thanks for thinking about the future of the movement, --[[:m:Talk:Communications/Wikimedia brands/2030 movement brand project|The Brand Project team]], ម៉ោង១៩:៤៤ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី០២ ខែកក្កដា ឆ្នាំ២០២០ (UTC) ''Note: The survey is conducted via a third-party service, which may subject it to additional terms. For more information on privacy and data-handling, see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Naming Convention Proposals Movement Feedback Survey Privacy Statement|survey privacy statement]].'' <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/All_wikis_June_2020&oldid=20238836 --> == Editing news 2020 #3 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <em>[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/July|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</em> [[File:50M@2x.png|thumb|alt=A gold star with a blue ribbon, and the text 50m|More than <strong>50 million edits</strong> have been made using the visual editor on desktop.|400px]] Seven years ago this month, the [[mw:Editing team|Editing team]] offered the visual editor to most Wikipedia editors. Since then, editors have achieved many milestones: * More than <strong>50 million edits</strong> have been made using the visual editor on desktop. * More than <strong>2 million new articles</strong> have been created in the visual editor. More than 600,000 of these new articles were created during 2019. * The visual editor is <strong>increasingly popular</strong>. The proportion of all edits made using the visual editor has increased every year since its introduction. * In 2019, <strong>35% of the edits by newcomers</strong> (logged-in editors with ≤99 edits) used the visual editor. This percentage has <strong>increased every year</strong>. * Almost <strong>5 million edits on the mobile site</strong> have been made with the visual editor. Most of these edits have been made since the Editing team started improving the [[mw:Mobile visual editor|mobile visual editor]] in 2018. * On 17 November 2019, the [https://discuss-space.wmflabs.org/t/first-edit-made-to-wikipedia-from-outer-space/2254 <strong>first edit from outer space</strong>] was made in the mobile visual editor. 🚀 👩‍🚀 * Editors have made more than <strong>7 million edits in the 2017 wikitext editor</strong>, including starting <strong>600,000 new articles</strong> in it. The [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] is VisualEditor's built-in wikitext mode. You can [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|enable it in your preferences]]. [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) </div> ម៉ោង១២:៥៥ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី០៩ ខែកក្កដា ឆ្នាំ២០២០ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=20232673 --> == Announcing a new wiki project! Welcome, Abstract Wikipedia == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi all, It is my honor to introduce Abstract Wikipedia, a new project that has been unanimously approved by the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. Abstract Wikipedia proposes a new way to generate baseline encyclopedic content in a multilingual fashion, allowing more contributors and more readers to share more knowledge in more languages. It is an approach that aims to make cross-lingual cooperation easier on our projects, increase the sustainability of our movement through expanding access to participation, improve the user experience for readers of all languages, and innovate in free knowledge by connecting some of the strengths of our movement to create something new. This is our first new project in over seven years. Abstract Wikipedia was submitted as a project proposal by Denny Vrandečić in May 2020 <ref>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]</ref> after years of preparation and research, leading to a detailed plan and lively discussions in the Wikimedia communities. We know that the energy and the creativity of the community often runs up against language barriers, and information that is available in one language may not make it to other language Wikipedias. Abstract Wikipedia intends to look and feel like a Wikipedia, but build on the powerful, language-independent conceptual models of Wikidata, with the goal of letting volunteers create and maintain Wikipedia articles across our polyglot Wikimedia world. The project will allow volunteers to assemble the fundamentals of an article using words and entities from Wikidata. Because Wikidata uses conceptual models that are meant to be universal across languages, it should be possible to use and extend these building blocks of knowledge to create models for articles that also have universal value. Using code, volunteers will be able to translate these abstract “articles” into their own languages. If successful, this could eventually allow everyone to read about any topic in Wikidata in their own language. As you can imagine, this work will require a lot of software development, and a lot of cooperation among Wikimedians. In order to make this effort possible, Denny will join the Foundation as a staff member in July and lead this initiative. You may know Denny as the creator of Wikidata, a long-time community member, a former staff member at Wikimedia Deutschland, and a former Trustee at the Wikimedia Foundation <ref>[[m:User:Denny|User:Denny]]</ref>. We are very excited that Denny will bring his skills and expertise to work on this project alongside the Foundation’s product, technology, and community liaison teams. It is important to acknowledge that this is an experimental project, and that every Wikipedia community has different needs. This project may offer some communities great advantages. Other communities may engage less. Every language Wikipedia community will be free to choose and moderate whether or how they would use content from this project. We are excited that this new wiki-project has the possibility to advance knowledge equity through increased access to knowledge. It also invites us to consider and engage with critical questions about how and by whom knowledge is constructed. We look forward to working in cooperation with the communities to think through these important questions. There is much to do as we begin designing a plan for Abstract Wikipedia in close collaboration with our communities. I encourage you to get involved by going to the project page and joining the new mailing list <ref>[[mail:abstract-wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia mailing list]]</ref>. We recognize that Abstract Wikipedia is ambitious, but we also recognize its potential. We invite you all to join us on a new, unexplored path. Yours, Katherine Maher (Executive Director, Wikimedia Foundation) <references/> </div> <small>Sent by [[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)]] ម៉ោង២០:០៦ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី០៩ ខែកក្កដា ឆ្នាំ២០២០ (UTC) - '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/July 2020 announcement]]''' </small> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/All_wikis_June_2020&oldid=20265889 --> == The Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC): we want to hear from you. == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''{{int:Hello}}. Apologies that you may not be reading this message in your native language: translations of the following message may be available on [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Message to small and medium sized wikis|Meta]]. {{int:please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}''<br> At times, our contributor communities and projects have suffered from a lack of guidelines that can help us create an environment where free knowledge can be shared safely without fear. There has been talk about the need for a global set of conduct rules in different communities over time. Recently, the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees announced a [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/May_2020_-_Board_of_Trustees_on_Healthy_Community_Culture,_Inclusivity,_and_Safe_Spaces|Community Culture Statement]], asking for new standards to address harassment and promote inclusivity across projects. The universal code of conduct will be a binding minimum set of standards across all Wikimedia projects, and will apply to all of us, staff and volunteers alike, all around the globe. It is of great importance that we all participate in expressing our opinions and thoughts about UCoC and its values. We should think about what we want it to cover or include and what it shouldn’t include, and how it may create difficulties or help our groups. This is the time to talk about it. Before starting drafting the code of conduct, we would like to hear from you and to solicit the opinions and feedback of your colleagues. In order for your voice to be heard, we encourage and invite you to read more about [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct|the universal code of conduct (UCoC)]] and then write down your opinions or feedback [[:m:Talk:Universal_Code_of_Conduct|on the discussion page]]. To reduce language barriers during the process, you are welcome to translate [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct&language=en&action=page&filter= the universal code of conduct main page] from English into your respective local language. You and your community may choose to provide your opinions/feedback using your local languages. Thanks in advance for your attention and contributions, [[:m:Talk:Trust_and_Safety|The Trust and Safety team at Wikimedia Foundation]] ម៉ោង១៦:៤២ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី២២ ខែកក្កដា ឆ្នាំ២០២០ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Message_to_small_and_medium_sized_wikis/List&oldid=20303398 --> == Technical Wishes: FileExporter and FileImporter become default features on all Wikis == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> The [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter and FileImporter]] will become a default features on all wikis until August 7, 2020. They are planned to help you to move files from your local wiki to Wikimedia Commons easier while keeping all original file information (Description, Source, Date, Author, View History) intact. Additionally, the move is documented in the files view history. How does it work? Step 1: If you are an auto-confirmed user, you will see a link "Move file to Wikimedia Commons" on the local file page. Step 2: When you click on this link, the FileImporter checks if the file can in fact be moved to Wikimedia Commons. These checks are performed based on the wiki's [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons/Configuration_file_documentation|configuration file]] which is created and maintained by each local wiki community. Step 3: If the file is compatible with Wikimedia Commons, you will be taken to an import page, at which you can update or add information regarding the file, such as the description. You can also add the 'Now Commons' template to the file on the local wiki by clicking the corresponding check box in the import form. Admins can delete the file from the local wiki by enabling the corresponding checkbox. By clicking on the 'Import' button at the end of the page, the file is imported to Wikimedia Commons. If you want to know more about the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileImporter extension]] or the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes|Technical Wishes Project]], follow the links. --For the Technical Wishes Team: </div>[[User:Max Klemm (WMDE)|Max Klemm (WMDE)]] ម៉ោង០៩:១៣ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី០៦ ខែសីហា ឆ្នាំ២០២០ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Max Klemm (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=20343133 --> == Important: maintenance operation on September 1st == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]] • [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|{{int:please-translate}}]] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its secondary data centre. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. They will switch all traffic to the secondary data centre on '''Tuesday, September 1st 2020'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, September 1st. The test will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20200901T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 19:30 IST, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday September 2). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. *There will be code freezes for the week of September 1st, 2020. Non-essential code deployments will not happen. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2018 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. '''Please share this information with your community.''' </div></div> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]])</span> ម៉ោង១៣:៤៨ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី២៦ ខែសីហា ឆ្នាំ២០២០ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=20384955 --> == New Wikipedia Library Collections Now Available (September 2020) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing new free, full-access, accounts to reliable sources as part of our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ research access program]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/101/ Al Manhal]''' – Arabic journals and ebooks * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/102/ Ancestry.com]''' – Genealogical and historical records * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/100/ RILM]''' – Music encyclopedias Many other partnerships are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/49/ Adam Matthew], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/57/ EBSCO], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/54/ JSTOR]. A significant portion of our collection now no longer requires individual applications to access! Read more in our [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2020/06/24/simplifying-your-research-needs-the-wikipedia-library-launches-new-technical-improvements-and-partnerships/ recent blog post]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] ម៉ោង០៩:៤៩ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី០៣ ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ២០២០ (UTC) :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=20418180 --> == Invitation to participate in the conversation == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''{{int:Hello}}. Apologies for cross-posting, and that you may not be reading this message in your native language: translations of the following announcement may be available on '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review/Invitation (long version)|Meta]]'''. {{int:please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}'' We are excited to share '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review|a draft of the Universal Code of Conduct]]''', which the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees called for earlier this year, for your review and feedback. The discussion will be open until October 6, 2020. The UCoC Drafting Committee wants to learn which parts of the draft would present challenges for you or your work. What is missing from this draft? What do you like, and what could be improved? Please join the conversation and share this invitation with others who may be interested to join, too. To reduce language barriers during the process, you are welcomed to translate this message and the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review|Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review]]. You and your community may choose to provide your opinions/feedback using your local languages. To learn more about the UCoC project, see the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] page, and the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/FAQ|FAQ]], on Meta. Thanks in advance for your attention and contributions, [[:m:Talk:Trust_and_Safety|The Trust and Safety team at Wikimedia Foundation]], ម៉ោង១៧:៥៥ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី១០ ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ២០២០ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Draft_review/Invitation_(long_version)/List&oldid=20440292 --> == Wiki of functions naming contest == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:Please-translate}}. {{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Wikimedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki where the community can work together on a library of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract_Wikipedia/Wiki_of_functions_naming_contest#function|functions]]. The community can create new functions, read about them, discuss them, and share them. Some of these functions will be used to help create language-independent Wikipedia articles that can be displayed in any language, as part of the Abstract Wikipedia project. But functions will also be usable in many other situations. There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with voting beginning on 29 September and 27 October. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on 8 December. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wiki of functions naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]]</div> ម៉ោង២១:២០ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី២៩ ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ២០២០ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/Global_message_delivery_split_4&oldid=20492310 --> == Call for feedback about Wikimedia Foundation Bylaws changes and Board candidate rubric == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{Int:Please-translate}}. Today the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees starts two calls for feedback. One is about changes to the Bylaws mainly to increase the Board size from 10 to 16 members. The other one is about a trustee candidate rubric to introduce new, more effective ways to evaluate new Board candidates. The Board welcomes your comments through 26 October. For more details, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/October 2020 - Call for feedback about Bylaws changes and Board candidate rubric|check the full announcement]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[m:User:Qgil-WMF|Qgil-WMF]] ([[m:User talk:Qgil-WMF|talk]]) ម៉ោង១៧:១៧ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី០៧ ខែតុលា ឆ្នាំ២០២០ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/Board&oldid=20519859 --> == Important: maintenance operation on October 27 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch+2020&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, October 27 2020'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, October 27. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1603807200 14:00 UTC] (14:00 WET, 15:00 CET, 10:00 EDT, 19:30 IST, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 03:00 NZDT on Wednesday October 28). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. *There will be code freezes for the week of October 26, 2020. Non-essential code deployments will not happen. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter#Schedule_for_2020_switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div></div> -- <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]])</span> ម៉ោង១៧:១០ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី២១ ខែតុលា ឆ្នាំ២០២០ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=20519839 --> == Wiki of functions naming contest - Round 2 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose the name for the new Wikimedia wiki project - the library of functions. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Wikicode, Wikicodex, Wikifunctions, Wikifusion, Wikilambda, Wikimedia Functions</span>. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wiki of functions naming contest/Names|please learn more and vote now]]''' at Meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] </div> ម៉ោង២២:១០ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី០៥ ខែវិច្ឆិកា ឆ្នាំ២០២០ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=20564572 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Invitation|Community Wishlist Survey 2021]] == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|thumb|48px]] The '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|2021 Community Wishlist Survey]]''' is now open! This survey is the process where communities decide what the [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech]] team should work on over the next year. We encourage everyone to submit proposals until the deadline on '''{{#time:j xg|2020-11-30|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}''', or comment on other proposals to help make them better. The communities will vote on the proposals between {{#time:j xg|2020-12-08|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} and {{#time:j xg|2020-12-21|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. The Community Tech team is focused on tools for experienced Wikimedia editors. You can write proposals in any language, and we will translate them for you. Thank you, and we look forward to seeing your proposals! </div> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]</span> ម៉ោង១៨:០៩ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី២០ ខែវិច្ឆិកា ឆ្នាំ២០២០ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/1&oldid=20689939 --> == Wikidata descriptions changes to be included more often in Recent Changes and Watchlist == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''Sorry for sending this message in English. Translations are available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Announcements/Announcement Wikidata descriptions in watchlist|this page]]. Feel free to translate it in more languages!'' As you may know, you can include changes coming from Wikidata in your Watchlist and Recent Changes ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist|in your preferences]]). Until now, this feature didn’t always include changes made on Wikidata descriptions due to the way Wikidata tracks the data used in a given article. Starting on December 3rd, the Watchlist and Recent Changes will include changes on the descriptions of Wikidata Items that are used in the pages that you watch. This will only include descriptions in the language of your wiki to make sure that you’re only seeing changes that are relevant to your wiki. This improvement was requested by many users from different projects. We hope that it can help you monitor the changes on Wikidata descriptions that affect your wiki and participate in the effort of improving the data quality on Wikidata for all Wikimedia wikis and beyond. Note: if you didn’t use the Wikidata watchlist integration feature for a long time, feel free to give it another chance! The feature has been improved since the beginning and the content it displays is more precise and useful than at the beginning of the feature in 2015. If you encounter any issue or want to provide feedback, feel free to use [[Phab:T191831|this Phabricator ticket]]. Thanks! [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] ម៉ោង១៤:៣៩ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី៣០ ខែវិច្ឆិកា ឆ្នាំ២០២០ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/wikis&oldid=20728482 --> == 2020 Coolest Tool Award Ceremony on December 11th == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello all, The ceremony of the 2020 [[m:Coolest_Tool_Award|Wikimedia Coolest Tool Award]] will take place virtually on Friday, December 11th, at 17:00 GMT. This award is highlighting tools that have been nominated by contributors to the Wikimedia projects, and the ceremony will be a nice moment to show appreciation to the tools developers and maybe discover new tools! You will find more information [[m:Coolest_Tool_Award|here]] about the livestream and the discussions channels. Thanks for your attention, [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] ម៉ោង១០:៥៥ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី០៧ ខែធ្នូ ឆ្នាំ២០២០ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=20734978 --> == Community Wishlist Survey 2021 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|thumb|48px]] '''We invite all registered users to vote on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|2021 Community Wishlist Survey]]. You can vote from now until {{#time:j xg|2020-12-21|en}} for as many different wishes as you want.''' In the Survey, wishes for new and improved tools for experienced editors are collected. After the voting, we will do our best to grant your wishes. We will start with the most popular ones. We, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]], are one of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] teams. We create and improve editing and wiki moderation tools. What we work on is decided based on results of the Community Wishlist Survey. Once a year, you can submit wishes. After two weeks, you can vote on the ones that you're most interested in. Next, we choose wishes from the survey to work on. Some of the wishes may be granted by volunteer developers or other teams. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Tracking|You can view and vote all proposals here.]]''' We are waiting for your votes. Thank you! </div> [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ម៉ោង០០:៥២ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី១៥ ខែធ្នូ ឆ្នាំ២០២០ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/1&oldid=20689939 --> == Moving Wikimania 2021 to a Virtual Event == <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikimania_logo_with_text_2.svg|right|alt=Wikimania's logo.|75px]] ''{{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{Int:Please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}'' [[:m:Wikimania 2021|Wikimania will be a virtual event this year]], and hosted by a wide group of community members. Whenever the next in-person large gathering is possible again, [[:m:ESEAP Hub|the ESEAP Core Organizing Team]] will be in charge of it. Stay tuned for more information about how ''you'' can get involved in the planning process and other aspects of the event. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2021-January/096141.html Please read the longer version of this announcement on wikimedia-l]. ''ESEAP Core Organizing Team, Wikimania Steering Committee, Wikimedia Foundation Events Team'', ម៉ោង១៥:១៥ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី២៧ ខែមករា ឆ្នាំ២០២១ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/Wikimania21&oldid=21014617 --> == Project Grant Open Call == This is the announcement for the [[m:Grants:Project|Project Grants program]] open call that started on January 11, with the submission deadline of February 10, 2021.<br> This first open call will be focussed on Community Organizing proposals. A second open call focused on research and software proposals is scheduled from February 15 with a submission deadline of March 16, 2021.<br> For the Round 1 open call, we invite you to propose grant applications that fall under community development and organizing (offline and online) categories. Project Grant funds are available to support individuals, groups, and organizations to implement new experiments and proven ideas, from organizing a better process on your wiki, coordinating a campaign or editathon series to providing other support for community building. We offer the following resources to help you plan your project and complete a grant proposal:<br> * Weekly proposals clinics via Zoom during the Open Call. Join us for [[m:Grants:Project|#Upcoming_Proposal_Clinics|real-time discussions]] with Program Officers and select thematic experts and get live feedback about your Project Grants proposal. We’ll answer questions and help you make your proposal better. We also offer these support pages to help you build your proposal: * [[m:Grants:Project/Tutorial|Video tutorials]] for writing a strong application<br> * General [[m:Grants:Project/Plan|planning page]] for Project Grants <br> * [[m:Grants:Project/Learn|Program guidelines and criteria]]<br> Program officers are also available to offer individualized proposal support upon request. Contact us if you would like feedback or more information.<br> We are excited to see your grant ideas that will support our community and make an impact on the future of Wikimedia projects. Put your idea into motion, and [[m:Grants:Project/Apply|submit your proposal]] by February 10, 2021!<br> Please feel free to get in touch with questions about getting started with your grant application, or about serving on the Project Grants Committee. Contact us at projectgrants{{at}}wikimedia.org. Please help us translate this message to your local language. [[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង០៨:០១ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី២៨ ខែមករា ឆ្នាំ២០២១ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RSharma (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=20808431 --> == New Wikipedia Library Collections Available Now (February 2021) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing new free, full-access, accounts to reliable sources as part of our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ research access program]. You can sign up to access research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/103/ Taxmann]''' – Taxation and law database * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/104/ PNAS]''' – Official journal of the National Academy of Sciences * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/57/ EBSCO]''' – New Arabic and Spanish language databases added We have a wide array of [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ other collections available], and a significant number now no longer require individual applications to access! Read more in our [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2020/06/24/simplifying-your-research-needs-the-wikipedia-library-launches-new-technical-improvements-and-partnerships/ blog post]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects! :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> --ម៉ោង១២:៥៧ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី០១ ខែកុម្ភៈ ឆ្នាំ២០២១ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=21022367 --> == Feminism & Folklore 1 February - 31 March == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} Greetings! You are invited to participate in '''[[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|Feminism and Folklore]] writing contest'''. This year Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's biographies and gender-focused topics for the project in league with Wiki Loves Folklore gender gap focus with folk culture theme on Wikipedia. folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, fairy tales, folk plays, folk arts, folk religion, mythology, etc. You can help us in enriching the folklore documentation on Wikipedia from your region by creating or improving articles centered on folklore around the world, including, but not limited to folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer personalities in folklore, folk culture (folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch-hunting, fairy tales and more. You can contribute to new articles or translate from the list of [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2021/List of Articles|suggested articles here]]. You can also support us in translating the [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|project page]] and help us spread the word in your native language. Learn more about the contest and prizes from our [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|project page]]. Thank you. Feminism and Folklore team, [[m:User:Joy Agyepong|Joy Agyepong]] ([[m:User talk:Joy Agyepong|talk]]) ម៉ោង០២:៤០ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី១៦ ខែកុម្ភៈ ឆ្នាំ២០២១ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=20421065 --> == Wikifunctions logo contest == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="km" dir="ltr"> {{Int:Hello}}. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Please help to choose a design concept for the logo of the new Wikifunctions wiki. Voting starts today and will be open for 2 weeks. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wikifunctions logo concept/Vote|please learn more and vote now]]''' at Meta-Wiki.</span> {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]]</div> ម៉ោង០១:៤៧ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី០២ ខែមីនា ឆ្នាំ២០២១ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21087740 --> == Universal Code of Conduct – 2021 consultations == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> === Universal Code of Conduct Phase 2 === {{int:please-translate}} The [[:wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|'''Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC)''']] provides a universal baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire Wikimedia movement and all its projects. The project is currently in Phase 2, outlining clear enforcement pathways. You can read more about the whole project on its [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|'''project page''']]. ==== Drafting Committee: Call for applications ==== The Wikimedia Foundation is recruiting volunteers to join a committee to draft how to make the code enforceable. Volunteers on the committee will commit between 2 and 6 hours per week from late April through July and again in October and November. It is important that the committee be diverse and inclusive, and have a range of experiences, including both experienced users and newcomers, and those who have received or responded to, as well as those who have been falsely accused of harassment. To apply and learn more about the process, see [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee|Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee]]. ==== 2021 community consultations: Notice and call for volunteers / translators ==== From 5 April – 5 May 2021 there will be conversations on many Wikimedia projects about how to enforce the UCoC. We are looking for volunteers to translate key material, as well as to help host consultations on their own languages or projects using suggested [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations/Discussion|key questions]]. If you are interested in volunteering for either of these roles, please [[:m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations|contact us]] in whatever language you are most comfortable. To learn more about this work and other conversations taking place, see [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations|Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations]]. -- [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Xeno (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង២២:០០ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី០៥ ខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ២០២១ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:MNadzikiewicz_(WMF)/Without_Russian,_Polish_and_translated/4&oldid=21302199 --> == Line numbering coming soon to all wikis == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Technical_Wishes_–_Line_numbering_-_2010_wikitext_editor.png|thumb|Example]] From April 15, you can enable line numbering in some wikitext editors - for now in the template namespace, coming to more namespaces soon. This will make it easier to detect line breaks and to refer to a particular line in discussions. These numbers will be shown if you enable the syntax highlighting feature ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror extension]]), which is supported in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor|2010]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017]] wikitext editors. More information can be found on [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Line Numbering|this project page]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature, and to give feedback [[m:talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Line Numbering|on this talk page]]. </div> -- [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] ម៉ោង១៥:០៨ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី១២ ខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ២០២១ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=21329014 --> == Suggested Values == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> From April 29, it will be possible to suggest values for parameters in templates. Suggested values can be added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] and will then be shown as a drop-down list in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|VisualEditor]]. This allows template users to quickly select an appropriate value. This way, it prevents potential errors and reduces the effort needed to fill the template with values. It will still be possible to fill in values other than the suggested ones. More information, including the supported parameter types and how to create suggested values: [[mw:Help:TemplateData#suggestedvalues|[1]]] [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Suggested_values_for_template_parameters|[2]]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature, and to give feedback [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Suggested values for template parameters|on this talk page]]. </div> [[m:User:Timur Vorkul (WMDE)|Timur Vorkul (WMDE)]] ម៉ោង១៤:០៨ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី២២ ខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ២០២១ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Timur Vorkul (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=21361904 --> == Universal Code of Conduct News – Issue 1 == <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size:200%;">'''Universal Code of Conduct News'''</span><br> <span style="font-size:120%; color:#404040;">'''Issue 1, June 2021'''</span><span style="font-size:120%; float:right;">[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1|Read the full newsletter]]</span> ---- Welcome to the first issue of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct News]]! This newsletter will help Wikimedians stay involved with the development of the new code, and will distribute relevant news, research, and upcoming events related to the UCoC. Please note, this is the first issue of UCoC Newsletter which is delivered to all subscribers and projects as an announcement of the initiative. If you want the future issues delivered to your talk page, village pumps, or any specific pages you find appropriate, you need to [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/UCoC Newsletter Subscription|subscribe here]]. You can help us by translating the newsletter issues in your languages to spread the news and create awareness of the new conduct to keep our beloved community safe for all of us. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/Participate|add your name here]] if you want to be informed of the draft issue to translate beforehand. Your participation is valued and appreciated. </div><div style="margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;"> * '''Affiliate consultations''' – Wikimedia affiliates of all sizes and types were invited to participate in the UCoC affiliate consultation throughout March and April 2021. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec1|continue reading]]) * '''2021 key consultations''' – The Wikimedia Foundation held enforcement key questions consultations in April and May 2021 to request input about UCoC enforcement from the broader Wikimedia community. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec2|continue reading]]) * '''Roundtable discussions''' – The UCoC facilitation team hosted two 90-minute-long public roundtable discussions in May 2021 to discuss UCoC key enforcement questions. More conversations are scheduled. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec3|continue reading]]) * '''Phase 2 drafting committee''' – The drafting committee for the phase 2 of the UCoC started their work on 12 May 2021. Read more about their work. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec4|continue reading]]) * '''Diff blogs''' – The UCoC facilitators wrote several blog posts based on interesting findings and insights from each community during local project consultation that took place in the 1st quarter of 2021. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec5|continue reading]])</div> --[[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង២៣:០៥ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី១១ ខែមិថុនា ឆ្នាំ២០២១ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SOyeyele (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SOyeyele_(WMF)/Announcements/Other_languages&oldid=21578291 --> == Wikimania 2021: Individual Program Submissions == [[File:Wikimania logo with text 2.svg|right|200px]] Dear all, Wikimania 2021 will be [[:wikimania:2021:Save the date and the Core Organizing Team|hosted virtually]] for the first time in the event's 15-year history. Since there is no in-person host, the event is being organized by a diverse group of Wikimedia volunteers that form the [[:wikimania:2021:Organizers|Core Organizing Team]] (COT) for Wikimania 2021. '''Event Program''' - Individuals or a group of individuals can submit their session proposals to be a part of the program. There will be translation support for sessions provided in a number of languages. See more information [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions/Guidelines#Language Accessibility|here]]. Below are some links to guide you through; * [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions|Program Submissions]] * [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions/Guidelines|Session Submission Guidelines]] * [[:wikimania:2021:FAQ|FAQ]] Please note that the deadline for submission is 18th June 2021. '''Announcements'''- To keep up to date with the developments around Wikimania, the COT sends out weekly updates. You can view them in the Announcement section [[:wikimania:2021:Announcements|here]]. '''Office Hour''' - If you are left with questions, the COT will be hosting some office hours (in multiple languages), in multiple time-zones, to answer any programming questions that you might have. Details can be found [[:wikimania:2021:Organizers#Office hours schedule|here.]] Best regards, [[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង០៤:១៨ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី១៦ ខែមិថុនា ឆ្នាំ២០២១ (UTC) On behalf of Wikimania 2021 Core Organizing Team <!-- Message sent by User:Bodhisattwa@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=21597568 --> == Editing news 2021 #2 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2021/June|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</em> [[File:Reply Tool A-B test comment completion.png|alt=Junior contributors comment completion rate across all participating Wikipedias|thumb|296x296px|When newcomers had the Reply tool and tried to post on a talk page, they were more successful at posting a comment. ([https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ Source])]] Earlier this year, the Editing team ran a large study of [[mw:Talk pages project/Replying|the Reply Tool]]. The main goal was to find out whether the Reply Tool helped [[mw:Talk pages project/Glossary|newer editors]] communicate on wiki. The second goal was to see whether the comments that newer editors made using the tool needed to be reverted more frequently than comments newer editors made with the existing wikitext page editor. The key results were: * Newer editors who had automatic ("default on") access to the Reply tool were [https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ more likely] to post a comment on a talk page. * The comments that newer editors made with the Reply Tool were also [https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ less likely] to be reverted than the comments that newer editors made with page editing. These results give the Editing team confidence that the tool is helpful. <strong>Looking ahead</strong> The team is planning to make the Reply tool available to everyone as an opt-out preference in the coming months. This has already happened at the Arabic, Czech, and Hungarian Wikipedias. The next step is to [[phab:T280599|resolve a technical challenge]]. Then, they will deploy the Reply tool first to the [[phab:T267379|Wikipedias that participated in the study]]. After that, they will deploy it, in stages, to the other Wikipedias and all WMF-hosted wikis. You can turn on "{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|in Beta Features]] now. After you get the Reply tool, you can change your preferences at any time in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]]. –[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) </div> ម៉ោង១៤:១៤ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី២៤ ខែមិថុនា ឆ្នាំ២០២១ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=21624491 --> == Server switch == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch+2020&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. <!-- They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, October 27 2020'''. --> Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, 29 June 2021. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1624975200 14:00 UTC] (07:00 PDT, 10:00 EDT, 15:00 WEST/BST, 16:00 CEST, 19:30 IST, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday 30 June). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. *There will be code freezes for the week of June 28. Non-essential code deployments will not happen. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter#Schedule_for_2021_switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div></div> [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ម៉ោង០១:១៩ ថ្ងៃអាទិត្យ ទី២៧ ខែមិថុនា ឆ្នាំ២០២១ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21463754 --> == New Wikipedia Library collections and design update (August 2021) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says log in today!]] [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/users/my_library/ The Wikipedia Library] is pleased to announce the addition of new collections, alongside a new interface design. New collections include: * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/107/ Cabells]''' – Scholarly and predatory journal database * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/108/ Taaghche]''' - Persian language e-books * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/112/ Merkur]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/111/ Musik & Ästhetik]''', and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/110/ Psychologie, Psychotherapie, Psychoanalyse]''' - German language magazines and journals published by Klett-Cotta * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/117/ Art Archiv]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/113/ Capital]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/115/ Geo]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/116/ Geo Epoche]''', and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/114/ Stern]''' - German language newspapers and magazines published by Gruner + Jahr Additionally, '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/105/ De Gruyter]''' and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/106/ Nomos]''' have been centralised from their previous on-wiki signup location on the German Wikipedia. Many other collections are freely available by simply logging in to [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ The Wikipedia Library] with your Wikimedia login! We are also excited to announce that the first version of a new design for My Library was deployed this week. We will be iterating on this design with more features over the coming weeks. Read more on the [[:m:Library Card platform/Design improvements|project page on Meta]]. Lastly, an Echo notification will begin rolling out soon to notify eligible editors about the library ([[Phab:T132084|T132084]]). If you can translate the notification please do so [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&group=ext-thewikipedialibrary at TranslateWiki]! --The Wikipedia Library Team ម៉ោង១៣:២៣ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី១១ ខែសីហា ឆ្នាំ២០២១ (UTC) :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=21851699 --> == Universal Code of Conduct - Enforcement draft guidelines review == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="content"/>The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Drafting_committee#Phase_2|Universal Code of Conduct Phase 2 drafting committee]] would like comments about the '''[[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|enforcement draft guidelines]]''' for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC). This review period is planned for 17 August 2021 through 17 October 2021. These guidelines are not final but you can help move the progress forward. The committee will revise the guidelines based upon community input. Comments can be shared in any language on the [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|draft review talk page]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Discussions|multiple other venues]]. Community members are encouraged to organize conversations in their communities. There are planned live discussions about the UCoC enforcement draft guidelines: :[[wmania:2021:Submissions/Universal_Code_of_Conduct_Roundtable|Wikimania 2021 session]] (recorded 16 August) :[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2021_consultations/Roundtable_discussions#Conversation hours|Conversation hours]] - 24 August, 31 August, 7 September @ 03:00 UTC & 14:00 UTC :[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2021_consultations/Roundtable_discussions|Roundtable calls]] - 18 September @ 03:00 UTC & 15:00 UTC Summaries of discussions will be posted every two weeks [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee/Digests|here]]. Please let me know if you have any questions.<section end="content"/> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ម៉ោង២៣:១៩ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី១៧ ខែសីហា ឆ្នាំ២០២១ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Xeno_(WMF)/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=21895766 --> == Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election has come to an end == Thank you for participating in the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021|2021 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election]]! Voting closed August 31 at 23:59. The official data, including the four most voted candidates, will be announced as soon as the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee|Elections Committee]] completes their review of the ballots. The official announcement of the new trustees appointed will happen later, once the selected candidates have been confirmed by the Board. 6,946 community members from 216 wiki projects have voted. This makes 10.2% global participation, 1.1% higher than in the last Board elections. In 2017, 5167 people from 202 wiki projects cast their vote. A full analysis is planned to be published in a few days when the confirmed results are announced. In the meantime, you can check the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Stats|data produced during the election]]. Diversity was an important goal with these elections. Messages about the Board election were translated into 61 languages. This outreach worked well. There were 70 communities with eligible voters voting in this election for the first time. With your help, next year’s Board of Trustees election will be even better. ម៉ោង១០:០៣ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី០២ ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ២០២១ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Xeno_(WMF)/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=21895840 --> == The 2022 Community Wishlist Survey will happen in January == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello everyone, We hope all of you are as well and safe as possible during these trying times! We wanted to share some news about a change to the Community Wishlist Survey 2022. We would like to hear your opinions as well. Summary: <div style="font-style:italic;"> We will be running the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]] 2022 in January 2022. We need more time to work on the 2021 wishes. We also need time to prepare some changes to the Wishlist 2022. In the meantime, you can use a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|dedicated sandbox to leave early ideas for the 2022 wishes]]. </div> === Proposing and wish-fulfillment will happen during the same year === In the past, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] team has run the Community Wishlist Survey for the following year in November of the prior year. For example, we ran the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|Wishlist for 2021]] in November 2020. That worked well a few years ago. At that time, we used to start working on the Wishlist soon after the results of the voting were published. However, in 2021, there was a delay between the voting and the time when we could start working on the new wishes. Until July 2021, we were working on wishes from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2020|Wishlist for 2020]]. We hope having the Wishlist 2022 in January 2022 will be more intuitive. This will also give us time to fulfill more wishes from the 2021 Wishlist. === Encouraging wider participation from historically excluded communities === We are thinking how to make the Wishlist easier to participate in. We want to support more translations, and encourage under-resourced communities to be more active. We would like to have some time to make these changes. === A new space to talk to us about priorities and wishes not granted yet === We will have gone 365 days without a Wishlist. We encourage you to approach us. We hope to hear from you in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|talk page]], but we also hope to see you at our bi-monthly Talk to Us meetings! These will be hosted at two different times friendly to time zones around the globe. We will begin our first meeting '''September 15th at 23:00 UTC'''. More details about the agenda and format coming soon! === Brainstorm and draft proposals before the proposal phase === If you have early ideas for wishes, you can use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|new Community Wishlist Survey sandbox]]. This way, you will not forget about these before January 2022. You will be able to come back and refine your ideas. Remember, edits in the sandbox don't count as wishes! === Feedback === * What should we do to improve the Wishlist pages? * How would you like to use our new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|sandbox?]] * What, if any, risks do you foresee in our decision to change the date of the Wishlist 2022? * What will help more people participate in the Wishlist 2022? Answer on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|talk page]] (in any language you prefer) or at our Talk to Us meetings. </div> [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[user talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង០០:២៣ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី០៧ ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ២០២១ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21980442 --> == Call for Candidates for the Movement Charter Drafting Committee ending 14 September 2021 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content"/>Movement Strategy announces [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee|the Call for Candidates for the Movement Charter Drafting Committee]]. The Call opens August 2, 2021 and closes September 14, 2021. The Committee is expected to represent [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Diversity_and_Expertise_Matrices|diversity in the Movement]]. Diversity includes gender, language, geography, and experience. This comprises participation in projects, affiliates, and the Wikimedia Foundation. English fluency is not required to become a member. If needed, translation and interpretation support is provided. Members will receive an allowance to offset participation costs. It is US$100 every two months. We are looking for people who have some of the following [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee#Role_Requirements|skills]]: * Know how to write collaboratively. (demonstrated experience is a plus) * Are ready to find compromises. * Focus on inclusion and diversity. * Have knowledge of community consultations. * Have intercultural communication experience. * Have governance or organization experience in non-profits or communities. * Have experience negotiating with different parties. The Committee is expected to start with 15 people. If there are 20 or more candidates, a mixed election and selection process will happen. If there are 19 or fewer candidates, then the process of selection without election takes place. Will you help move Wikimedia forward in this important role? Submit your candidacy [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee#Candidate_Statements|here]]. Please contact strategy2030[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with questions.<section end="announcement-content"/> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ម៉ោង១៧:០១ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី១០ ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ២០២១ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Xeno_(WMF)/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=22002240 --> == Server switch == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, 14 September 2021'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, 14 September 2021. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1631628049 14:00 UTC] (07:00 PDT, 10:00 EDT, 15:00 WEST/BST, 16:00 CEST, 19:30 IST, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday, 15 September). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div></div> [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[user talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) ម៉ោង០០:៤៥ ថ្ងៃសៅរ៍ ទី១១ ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ២០២១ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21980442 --> == Talk to the Community Tech == [[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|{{dir|{{pagelang}}|left|right}}|frameless|50px]] [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/2021-09 Talk to Us|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Community_Wishlist_Survey/Updates/2021-09_Talk_to_Us&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] Hello! As we have [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates|recently announced]], we, the team working on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]], would like to invite you to an online meeting with us. It will take place on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210915T2300 '''September 15th, 23:00 UTC'''] on Zoom, and will last an hour. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89828615390 '''Click here to join''']. '''Agenda''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Status report 1#Prioritization Process|How we prioritize the wishes to be granted]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates|Why we decided to change the date]] from November 2021 to January 2022 * Update on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Warn when linking to disambiguation pages|disambiguation]] and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|real-time preview]] wishes * Questions and answers '''Format''' The meeting will not be recorded or streamed. Notes without attribution will be taken and published on Meta-Wiki. The presentation (first three points in the agenda) will be given in English. We can answer questions asked in English, French, Polish, and Spanish. If you would like to ask questions in advance, add them [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|on the Community Wishlist Survey talk page]] or send to sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:NRodriguez (WMF)|Natalia Rodriguez]] (the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] manager) will be hosting this meeting. '''Invitation link''' * [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89828615390 Join online] * Meeting ID: 898 2861 5390 * One tap mobile ** +16465588656,,89828615390# US (New York) ** +16699006833,,89828615390# US (San Jose) * [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/kctR45AI8o Dial by your location] See you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) ម៉ោង០៣:០៣ ថ្ងៃសៅរ៍ ទី១១ ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ២០២១ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21980442 --> == Select You the question statements for candidates of Drafting Committee Movement Charter == Into 2021-10-04 11:59:59 UTC you can select [[:m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Election Compass Statements|question statements]] for the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates|candidates]] of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|Drafting Committee]] [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter|Movement Charter]]. ✍️ [[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:Dušan Kreheľ|Dušan Kreheľ]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:Dušan Kreheľ|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង២៣:០២ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី២៩ ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ២០២១ (UTC) == Meet the new Movement Charter Drafting Committee members == <section begin="announcement-content"/> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' The Movement Charter Drafting Committee election and selection processes are complete. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results|election results have been published]]. 1018 participants voted to elect seven members to the committee: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Richard_Knipel_(Pharos)|Richard Knipel (Pharos)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Anne_Clin_(Risker)|Anne Clin (Risker)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Alice_Wiegand_(lyzzy)|Alice Wiegand (Lyzzy)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Micha%C5%82_Buczy%C5%84ski_(Aegis_Maelstrom)|Michał Buczyński (Aegis Maelstrom)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Richard_(Nosebagbear)|Richard (Nosebagbear)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Ravan_J_Al-Taie_(Ravan)|Ravan J Al-Taie (Ravan)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Ciell_(Ciell)|Ciell (Ciell)]]'''. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Affiliate-chosen_members|affiliate process]] has selected six members: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Anass_Sedrati_(Anass_Sedrati)|Anass Sedrati (Anass Sedrati)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#%C3%89rica_Azzellini_(EricaAzzellini)|Érica Azzellini (EricaAzzellini)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Jamie_Li-Yun_Lin_(Li-Yun_Lin)|Jamie Li-Yun Lin (Li-Yun Lin)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Georges_Fodouop_(Geugeor)|Georges Fodouop (Geugeor)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Manavpreet_Kaur_(Manavpreet_Kaur)|Manavpreet Kaur (Manavpreet Kaur)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Pepe_Flores_(Padaguan)|Pepe Flores (Padaguan)]]'''. * The Wikimedia Foundation has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Wikimedia_Foundation-chosen_members|appointed]] two members: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Runa_Bhattacharjee_(Runab_WMF)|Runa Bhattacharjee (Runab WMF)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Jorge_Vargas_(JVargas_(WMF))|Jorge Vargas (JVargas (WMF))]]'''. The committee will convene soon to start its work. The committee can appoint up to three more members to bridge diversity and expertise gaps. If you are interested in engaging with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Movement Charter]] drafting process, follow the updates [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|on Meta]] and join the [https://t.me/joinchat/U-4hhWtndBjhzmSf Telegram group]. With thanks from the Movement Strategy and Governance team<section end="announcement-content"/> ម៉ោង១៥:៥៣ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី០៥ ខែវិច្ឆិកា ឆ្នាំ២០២១ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:MNadzikiewicz_(WMF)/Delivery&oldid=22300322 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2022 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} Greetings! You are invited to participate in '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]]''' writing competion. This year Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics for the project in league with Wiki Loves Folklore gender gap focus with folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help us in enriching the folklore documentation on Wikipedia from your region by creating or improving articles focused on folklore around the world, including, but not limited to folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer personalities in folklore, folk culture (folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more. You can contribute to new articles or translate from the list of suggested articles [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/List of Articles|here]]. You can also support us in organizing the contest on your local Wikipedia by signing up your community to participate in this project and also translating the [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|project page]] and help us spread the word in your native language. Learn more about the contest and prizes from our project page. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2022|talk page]] or via Email if you need any assistance... Thank you. '''Feminism and Folklore Team''', [[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]] --ម៉ោង០៥:៤៩ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី១១ ខែមករា ឆ្នាំ២០២២ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf&oldid=22574381 --> == Wiki Loves Folklore is extended till 15th March == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">{{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless|180px]] Greetings from Wiki Loves Folklore International Team, We are pleased to inform you that [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore|Wiki Loves Folklore]] an international photographic contest on Wikimedia Commons has been extended till the '''15th of March 2022'''. The scope of the contest is focused on folk culture of different regions on categories, such as, but not limited to, folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, etc. We would like to have your immense participation in the photographic contest to document your local Folk culture on Wikipedia. You can also help with the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Translations|translation]] of project pages and share a word in your local language. Best wishes, '''International Team'''<br /> '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' [[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង០៤:៥០ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី២២ ខែកុម្ភៈ ឆ្នាំ២០២២ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Rockpeterson@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=22754428 --> == Coming soon == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> === Several improvements around templates === Hello, from March 9, several improvements around templates will become available on your wiki: * Fundamental improvements of the [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|VisualEditor template dialog]] ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|1]], [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Removing a template from a page using the VisualEditor|2]]), * Improvements to make it easier to put a template on a page ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Finding and inserting templates|3]]) (for the template dialogs in [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|VisualEditor]], [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor#/media/File:VectorEditorBasic-en.png|2010 Wikitext]] and [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|New Wikitext Mode]]), * and improvements in the syntax highlighting extension [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting|4]], [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Bracket Matching|5]]) (which is available on wikis with writing direction left-to-right). All these changes are part of the “[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|Templates]]” project by [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. We hope they will help you in your work, and we would love to hear your feedback on the talk pages of these projects. </div> - [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] ម៉ោង១២:៣៨ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី២៨ ខែកុម្ភៈ ឆ្នាំ២០២២ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=22907463 --> == Wiki Loves Folklore 2022 ends tomorrow == [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless|180px]] International photographic contest [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022| Wiki Loves Folklore 2022]] ends on 15th March 2022 23:59:59 UTC. This is the last chance of the year to upload images about local folk culture, festival, cuisine, costume, folklore etc on Wikimedia Commons. Watch out our social media handles for regular updates and declaration of Winners. ([https://www.facebook.com/WikiLovesFolklore/ Facebook] , [https://twitter.com/WikiFolklore Twitter ] , [https://www.instagram.com/wikilovesfolklore/ Instagram]) The writing competition Feminism and Folklore will run till 31st of March 2022 23:59:59 UTC. Write about your local folk tradition, women, folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, folklore, and tradition, including ballads, folktales, fairy tales, legends, traditional song and dance, folk plays, games, seasonal events, calendar customs, folk arts, folk religion, mythology etc. on your local Wikipedia. Check if your [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/Project Page|local Wikipedia is participating]] A special competition called '''Wiki Loves Falles''' is organised in Spain and the world during 15th March 2022 till 15th April 2022 to document local folk culture and [[:en:Falles|Falles]] in Valencia, Spain. Learn more about it on [[:ca:Viquiprojecte:Falles 2022|Catalan Wikipedia project page]]. We look forward for your immense co-operation. Thanks Wiki Loves Folklore international Team [[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង១៤:៤០ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី១៤ ខែមីនា ឆ្នាំ២០២២ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Rockpeterson@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=22754428 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2022 ends soon == [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2022 logo.svg|right|frameless|250px]] [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]] which is an international writing contest organized at Wikipedia ends soon that is on <b>31 March 2022 11:59 UTC</b>. This is the last chance of the year to write about feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics such as <i>folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, fairy tales, folk plays, folk arts, folk religion, mythology, folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more</i> Keep an eye on the project page for declaration of Winners. We look forward for your immense co-operation. Thanks Wiki Loves Folklore international Team [[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង១៤:២៩ ថ្ងៃសៅរ៍ ទី២៦ ខែមីនា ឆ្នាំ២០២២ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Rockpeterson@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Rockpeterson/fnf&oldid=23060054 --> == New Wikipedia Library Collections Available Now - April 2022 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] has free access to new paywalled reliable sources. You can these and dozens more collections at https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/: * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/128/ Wiley]''' – journals, books, and research resources, covering life, health, social, and physical sciences * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/125/ OECD]''' – OECD iLibrary, Data, and Multimedia​​ published by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/129/ SPIE Digital Library]''' – journals and eBooks on optics and photonics applied research Many other sources are freely available for experienced editors, including collections which recently became accessible to all eligible editors: Cambridge University Press, BMJ, AAAS, Érudit and more. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: log in today! <br>--The Wikipedia Library Team ម៉ោង១៣:១៧ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី២៦ ខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ២០២២ (UTC) :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=23036656 --> == Coming soon: Improvements for templates == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <!--T:11--> [[File:Overview of changes in the VisualEditor template dialog by WMDE Technical Wishes.webm|thumb|Fundamental changes in the template dialog.]] Hello, more changes around templates are coming to your wiki soon: The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|'''template dialog''' in VisualEditor]] and in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017 Wikitext Editor]] (beta) will be '''improved fundamentally''': This should help users understand better what the template expects, how to navigate the template, and how to add parameters. * [[metawiki:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|project page]], [[metawiki:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|talk page]] In '''syntax highlighting''' ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] extension), you can activate a '''colorblind-friendly''' color scheme with a user setting. * [[metawiki:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting#Color-blind_mode|project page]], [[metawiki:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting|talk page]] Deployment is planned for May 10. This is the last set of improvements from [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes']] focus area “[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|Templates]]”. We would love to hear your feedback on our talk pages! </div> -- [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] ម៉ោង១១:១៣ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី២៩ ខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ២០២២ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=23222263 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Editing news 2022 #1</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/><i>[[metawiki:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2022/April|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</i> [[File:Junior Contributor New Topic Tool Completion Rate.png|thumb|New editors were more successful with this new tool.]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#New discussion tool|New topic tool]] helps editors create new ==Sections== on discussion pages. New editors are more successful with this new tool. You can [[mw:Talk pages project/New topic#21 April 2022|read the report]]. Soon, the Editing team will offer this to all editors at the 20 Wikipedias that participated in the test. You will be able to turn it off at [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]].<section end="message"/> </div> [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ម៉ោង១៨:៥៥ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី០២ ខែឧសភា ឆ្នាំ២០២២ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=22019984 --> == Results of Wiki Loves Folklore 2022 is out! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hi, Greetings The winners for '''[[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022|Wiki Loves Folklore 2022]]''' is announced! We are happy to share with you winning images for this year's edition. This year saw over 8,584 images represented on commons in over 92 countries. Kindly see images '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Winners|here]]''' Our profound gratitude to all the people who participated and organized local contests and photo walks for this project. We hope to have you contribute to the campaign next year. '''Thank you,''' '''Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' --[[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង១៦:១២ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី០៤ ខែកក្កដា ឆ្នាំ២០២២ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=23454230 --> == The Vector 2022 skin as the default in two weeks? == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Wikimania 2022 Vector (2022) Presentation.pdf|thumb|The slides for our presentation at Wikimania 2022|page=26]] Hello. I'm writing on behalf of the [[mw:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]]. '''In two weeks, we would like to make the Vector 2022 skin the default on this wiki.''' We have been working on it for the past three years. So far, it has been the default on more than 30 wikis, including sister projects, all accounting for more than 1 billion pageviews per month. On average [[phab:T317529#8246686|87% of active logged-in users]] of those wikis use Vector 2022. It would become the default for all logged-out users, and also all logged-in users who currently use Vector legacy. Logged-in users can at any time switch to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|any other skins]]. No changes are expected for users of these skins. <div style="width:100%; margin:auto;"><gallery widths="220" heights="150" mode="packed" caption="Top of an article"> Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2010 top.png|Vector legacy (current default) Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 top.png|Vector 2022 </gallery><gallery widths="220" heights="150" mode="packed" caption="A section of an article"> Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2010 scrolled.png|Vector legacy (current default) Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 scrolled.png|Vector 2022 </gallery></div> === About the skin === '''[Why is a change necessary]''' The current default skin meets the needs of the readers and editors as these were 13 years ago. Since then, new users have begun using Wikimedia projects. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2022/08/18/prioritizing-equity-within-wikipedias-new-desktop/ The old Vector doesn't meet their needs.] '''[Objective]''' The objective for the new skin is to make the interface more welcoming and comfortable for readers and useful for advanced users. It draws inspiration from previous requests, the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey|Community Wishlist Surveys]], and gadgets and scripts. The work helped our code follow the standards and improve all other skins. [[phab:phame/post/view/290/how_and_why_we_moved_our_skins_to_mustache/|We reduced PHP code in Wikimedia deployed skins by 75%]]. The project has also focused on making it easier to support gadgets and use APIs. '''[Changes and test results]''' The skin introduces a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features|series of changes]] that improve readability and usability. The new skin does not remove any functionality currently available on the Vector skin. * The sticky header makes it easier to find tools that editors use often. It decreases scrolling to the top of the page by 16%. * The new table of contents makes it easier to navigate to different sections. Readers and editors jumped to different sections of the page 50% more than with the old table of contents. It also looks a bit different on talk pages. * The new search bar is easier to find and makes it easier to find the correct search result from the list. This increased the amount of searches started by 30% on the wikis we tested on. * The skin does not negatively affect pageviews, edit rates, or account creation. There is evidence of increases in pageviews and account creation across partner communities. '''[Try it out]''' Try out the new skin by going to the appearance tab in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your preferences]] and selecting Vector 2022 from the list of skins. === How can editors change and customize this skin? === It's possible to configure and personalize our changes. We support volunteers who create new gadgets and user scripts. Check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Repository|our repository]] for a list of currently available customizations, or add your own. === Our plan === '''If no large concerns are raised, we plan on deploying in the week of October 3, 2022'''. If your community would like to request more time to discuss the changes, hit the button and write to us. We can adjust the calendar. <div style="text-align: center;">[[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|<span class="plainlinks mw-ui-button">Request for more time to discuss the change</span>]]</div> If you'd like ask our team anything, if you have questions, concerns, or additional thoughts, please ping me here or write on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|talk page of the project]]. We will gladly answer! Also, [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Frequently asked questions|see our FAQ]]. Thank you! [[mw:User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង០៤:១៥ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី២២ ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ២០២២ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Varia&oldid=23838600 --> == Update on Vector 2022 == [[File:Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 scrolled.png|thumb]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello. I'm sorry for not communicating in your language. I'll be grateful if you translated my message. I'm writing on behalf of the [[mw:Reading/Web|Web team]] working on the new skin, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022]]. We wanted to apologize for the delays in the deployment of Vector 2022. We know many of you are waiting for this eagerly. We have been delaying the deployment because we have been working on the logos. It has taken us more time than originally expected. Once the logos are ready, we will let you know the exact date of deployment. '''We are planning for either the next (more likely) or the following week'''. If your wiki doesn't currently have a localized logo, we encourage you to [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|reach out to us]] and we can help make one. We invite you to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements#contact|get involved in the project]]. Contact us if you have any questions or need any help, particularly with the compatibility of gadgets and user scripts. Thank you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង២៣:២៤ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី១៩ ខែតុលា ឆ្នាំ២០២២ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Varia&oldid=23955535 --> == Community Wishlist Survey 2023 opens in January! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''{{int:Please-translate}}'' {{int:Hello}} The [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023|'''Community Wishlist Survey (CWS) 2023''']], which lets contributors propose and vote for tools and improvements, starts next month on Monday, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1674496831 23 January 2023, at 18:00 UTC] and will continue annually. We are inviting you to share your ideas for technical improvements to our tools and platforms. Long experience in editing or technical skills is not required. If you have ever used our software and thought of an idea to improve it, this is the place to come share those ideas! The dates for the phases of the Survey will be as follows: * Phase 1: Submit, discuss, and revise proposals – Monday, Jan 23, 2023 to Sunday, Feb 6, 2023 * Phase 2: WMF/Community Tech reviews and organizes proposals – Monday, Jan 30, 2023 to Friday, Feb 10, 2023 * Phase 3: Vote on proposals – Friday, Feb 10, 2023 to Friday, Feb 24, 2023 * Phase 4: Results posted – Tuesday, Feb 28, 2023 If you want to start writing out your ideas ahead of the Survey, you can start thinking about your proposals and draft them in [[m:Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|the CWS sandbox]]. We are grateful to all who participated last year. See you in January 2023! </div> {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Community Tech, [[m:User:STei (WMF)|STei (WMF)]]</bdi> ម៉ោង១២:៥៩ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី១៣ ខែធ្នូ ឆ្នាំ២០២២ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:STei_(WMF)/CWS_2023_List&oldid=24226232 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2023 == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, Christmas Greetings and a Happy New Year 2023, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2023|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/List of Articles|list]] of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a fountain tool or dashboard. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the fountain/dashboard link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year we would be supporting the community's financial aid for Internet and childcare support. This would be provided for the local team including their jury and coordinator team. This support is opt-in and non mandatory. Kindly fill in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSea81OO0lVgUBd551iIiENXht7BRCISYZlKyBQlemZu_j2OHQ/viewform this Google form] and mark a mail to [mailto:support@wikilovesfolklore.org support@wikilovesfolklore.org] with the subject line starting as [Stipend] Name or Username/Language. The last date to sign up for internet and childcare aid from our team is 20th of January 2023, We encourage the language coordinators to sign up their community on this link by the 25th of January 2023. Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023 International Team]] ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង១០:២៣ ថ្ងៃសៅរ៍ ទី២៤ ខែធ្នូ ឆ្នាំ២០២២ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=23942484 --> == Editing news 2023 #1 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/><i>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2023/February|Read this in another language]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</i> This newsletter includes two key updates about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team|Editing]] team's work: # The Editing team will finish adding new features to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|Talk pages project]] and deploy it. # They are beginning a new project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]]. <strong>Talk pages project</strong> [[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|alt=Screenshot showing the talk page design changes that are currently available as beta features at all Wikimedia wikis. These features include information about the number of people and comments within each discussion.|thumb|300px|Some of the upcoming changes]] The Editing team is nearly finished with this first phase of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project|Talk pages project]]. Nearly all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|new features]] are available now in the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature for {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}]]. It will show information about how active a discussion is, such as the date of the most recent comment. There will soon be a new "{{int:skin-action-addsection}}" button. You will be able to turn them off at [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]]. Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Talk_pages_project/Usability#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20230215001000-Feedback:_Proposed_Revisions_to_%22Add_topic%22_button|tell them what you think]]. [[File:Daily edit completion rates mobile talk pages.png|thumb|300px|Daily edit completion rate by test group: DiscussionTools (test group) and MobileFrontend overlay (control group)]] An A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Mobile|{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}} on the mobile site]] has finished. Editors were [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Mobile#Status_Updates|more successful with {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}]]. The Editing team is enabling these features for all editors on the mobile site. <strong>New Project: Edit Check</strong> The Editing team is beginning [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|a project to help new editors of Wikipedia]]. It will help people identify some problems before they click "{{int:publishchanges}}". The first tool will encourage people to add references when they add new content. Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist|watch]] that page for more information. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing_team/Community_Conversations#20230303|join a conference call on 3&nbsp;March&nbsp;2023]] to learn more.<section end="message"/> </div> –[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) ម៉ោង២៣:២៤ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី២២ ខែកុម្ភៈ ឆ្នាំ២០២៣ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=24611966 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Your wiki will be in read only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-03-01|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-03-01T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-03-01T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-03-01|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])</span> ម៉ោង២១:២០ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី២៧ ខែកុម្ភៈ ឆ្នាំ២០២៣ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=24390465 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023: We are back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2023 promo.png|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the third edition of writing challenge "'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from 1st until 31st March 2023. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contribution in every language! The most active contesters will receive [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023/Prizes|prizes]].<br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[m:CentralNotice/Request/UCDM 2023|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! </div> [[m:User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|ValentynNefedov (WMUA)]] ([[m:User talk:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|talk]]) 07:58, 1 March 2023 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=23942484 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Wikimania 2023 Welcoming Program Submissions</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="wikimania-program-submissions"/>[[File:Wikimedia_Singapore_Logo.svg|right|frameless]]Do you want to host an in-person or virtual session at Wikimania 2023? Maybe a hands-on workshop, a lively discussion, a fun performance, a catchy poster, or a memorable lightning talk? [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2023:Program/Submissions|'''Submissions are open until March 28''']]. The event will have dedicated hybrid blocks, so virtual submissions and pre-recorded content are also welcome. If you have any questions, please join us at an upcoming conversation on March 12 or 19, or reach out by email at wikimania@wikimedia.org or on Telegram. More information on-wiki.<section end="wikimania-program-submissions"/> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=24390465 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-04-26|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-04-26T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-04-26T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-04-26|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ម៉ោង០០:៤១ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី២១ ខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ២០២៣ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=24748237 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Seeking volunteers for the next step in the Universal Code of Conduct process</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Nominations/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Nominations/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello, As follow-up to [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/IOMVS7W75ZYMABQGOQ2QH2JAURC3CHGH/ the message about the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines] by Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees Vice Chair, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, I am reaching out about the next steps. I want to bring your attention to the next stage of the Universal Code of Conduct process, which is forming a building committee for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C). I invite community members with experience and deep interest in community health and governance to nominate themselves to be part of the U4C building committee, which needs people who are: * Community members in good standing * Knowledgeable about movement community processes, such as, but not limited to, policy drafting, participatory decision making, and application of existing rules and policies on Wikimedia projects * Aware and appreciative of the diversity of the movement, such as, but not limited to, languages spoken, identity, geography, and project type * Committed to participate for the entire U4C Building Committee period from mid-May - December 2023 * Comfortable with engaging in difficult, but productive conversations * Confidently able to communicate in English The Building Committee shall consist of volunteer community members, affiliate board or staff, and Wikimedia Foundation staff. The Universal Code of Conduct has been a process strengthened by the skills and knowledge of the community and I look forward to what the U4C Building Committee creates. If you are interested in joining the Building Committee, please either [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee/Nominations|sign up on the Meta-Wiki page]], or contact ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org by May 12, 2023. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee|Read more on Meta-Wiki]]'''. Best regards,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ម៉ោង១៩:០០ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី២៦ ខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ២០២៣ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=24941045 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Automatic citations based on ISBN are broken</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message" /> Apologies if this message does not reach you in your favorite language. [[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)/ISBN|You can help translate it centrally at Meta]]. Thanks for your help. We have recently become unable to access the WorldCat API which provided the ability to generate citations using ISBN numbers. The Wikimedia Foundation's [[mw:Editing_team|Editing team]] is investigating several options to restore the functionality, but will need to disable ISBN citation generation for now. This affects citations made with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]], and the use of the citoid API in gadgets and user scripts, such as the autofill button on [[:en:Wikipedia:RefToolbar|refToolbar]]. Please note that all the other automatic ways of generating citations, including via URL or DOI, are still available. You can keep updated on the situation [[phab:T336298|via Phabricator]], or by reading the next issues of [[m:Tech News]]. If you know of any users or groups who rely heavily on this feature (for instance, someone who has an upcoming editathon), I'd appreciate it if you shared this update with them. [[User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], on behalf of the Editing team.<section end="message" /> </div> [[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង១៩:៤៥ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី១១ ខែឧសភា ឆ្នាំ២០២៣ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/sandbox3&oldid=25009633 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Selection of the U4C Building Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The next stage in the Universal Code of Conduct process is establishing a Building Committee to create the charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C). The Building Committee has been selected. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee|Read about the members and the work ahead on Meta-wiki]].<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Project|UCoC Project Team]], ម៉ោង០៤:២០ ថ្ងៃសៅរ៍ ទី២៧ ខែឧសភា ឆ្នាំ២០២៣ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25018085 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Announcing the new Elections Committee members</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello there, We are glad to announce [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/4TALOUFPAP2VDBR27GKRVOP7IGQYU3DB/|the new members and advisors of the Elections Committee]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee|Elections Committee]] assists with the design and implementation of the process to select Community- and Affiliate-Selected trustees for the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. After an open nomination process, the strongest candidates spoke with the Board and four candidates were asked to join the Elections Committee. Four other candidates were asked to participate as advisors. Thank you to all the community members who submitted their names for consideration. We look forward to working with the Elections Committee in the near future. On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] ម៉ោង១៨:០០ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី២៨ ខែមិថុនា ឆ្នាំ២០២៣ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25018085 --> == MinT Machine Translation added to your Wikipedia == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:Hello}}! Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{int:Please help translate}} to your language. The WMF Language team has added another machine translation (MT) system for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation Content Translation] in your Wikipedia called MinT; you can use [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Content_translation/Machine_Translation/MinT MinT machine translation] when translating Wikipedia articles using the Content and Section Translation tool. The WMF Language team provides the MinT service. It is hosted in the Wikimedia Foundation Infrastructure with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_machine_translation neural machine translation] models that other organizations have released with an open-source license. MinT integrates translation based on [https://ai.facebook.com/research/no-language-left-behind/ NLLB-200], [https://opus.nlpl.eu/ OpusMT], [https://ai4bharat.iitm.ac.in/indic-trans2 IndicTrans2] and [https://github.com/Softcatala/nmt-models Softcatalà]. This MT is set as optional in your Wikipedia. Still, you can choose not to use it by selecting "Start with empty paragraph" from the "Initial Translation" dropdown menu. Since MinT is hosted in the WMF Infrastructure and the models are open source, it adheres to Wikipedia's policies about attribution of rights, your privacy as a user and brand representation. You can find more information about the MinT machine translation and the models on [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Content%20translation/Machine%20Translation/MinT this page]. Please note that the use of the MinT MT is not compulsory. However, we would want your community to: *use it to improve the quality of the Machine Translation service *[https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk:Content_translation provide feedback] about its quality, and '''if you prefer the MinT machine translation as default in your Wikipedia'''. We trust that introducing this MT is a good support to the Content Translation tool. Thank you! </div> [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង២២:០២ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី០៤ ខែកក្កដា ឆ្នាំ២០២៣ (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team. <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_MinT_announcement_list_2&oldid=25258883 --> == Deploying the Phonos in-line audio player to your Wiki == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:Hello}}! Apologies if this message is not in your language, {{int:Please help translate}} to your language. This wiki will soon be able to use the [[mw:Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline_audio_player_mode|inline audio player]] implemented by the [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] extension. This is part of fulfilling a wishlist proposal of providing [[m:Community_Wishlist_Survey_2022/Multimedia_and_Commons/Audio_links_that_play_on_click|audio links that play on click]]. With the inline audio player, you can add text-to-speech audio snippets to wiki pages by simply using a tag: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> <phonos file="audio file" label="Listen"/> </syntaxhighlight> The above tag will show the text next to a speaker icon, and clicking on it will play the audio instantly without taking you to another page. A common example where you can use this feature is in adding pronunciation to words as illustrated on the [[wiktionary:en:English#Pronunciation|English Wiktionary]] below. <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{audio|en|En-uk-English.oga|Audio (UK)}} </syntaxhighlight> Could become: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> <phonos file="En-uk-English.oga" label="Audio (UK)"/> </syntaxhighlight> The inline audio player will be available in your wiki in 2 weeks time; in the meantime, we would like you to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos|read about the features]] and give us feedback or ask questions about it in this [[mw:Help_talk:Extension:Phonos|talk page]]. Thank you!</div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]], on behalf of the Foundation's Language team</bdi> </div> ម៉ោង០២:២៦ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី២៧ ខែកក្កដា ឆ្នាំ២០២៣ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_announcement_list_(In-line_audio_player)&oldid=25350821 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Review the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Announcement - Review|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Announcement - Review}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello all, I am pleased to share the next step in the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] work. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) draft charter]] is now ready for your review. The [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|Enforcement Guidelines]] require a [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#4.5_U4C_Building_Committee|Building Committee]] form to draft a charter that outlines procedures and details for a global committee to be called the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#4._UCoC_Coordinating_Committee_(U4C)|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]]. Over the past few months, the U4C Building Committee worked together as a group to discuss and draft the U4C charter. The U4C Building Committee welcomes feedback about the draft charter now through 22 September 2023. After that date, the U4C Building Committee will revise the charter as needed and a community vote will open shortly afterward. Join the conversation during the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee#Conversation hours|conversation hours]] or on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Meta-wiki]]. Best,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]], on behalf of the U4C Building Committee, ម៉ោង១៥:៣៥ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី២៨ ខែសីហា ឆ្នាំ២០២៣ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25392152 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-09-20|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-09-20T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-09-20T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-09-20|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង០៩:២៣ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី១៥ ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ២០២៣ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=25018086 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">== Opportunities open for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission, and the Case Review Committee ==</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <div style="margin:.2em 0 .5em;margin-{{#switch:{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|ar|arc|ary|arz|azb|bcc|bgn|ckb|bqi|dv|fa|fa-af|glk|ha-arab|he|kk-arab|kk-cn|ks|ku-arab|ms-arab|mzn|pnb|prd|ps|sd|ug|ur|ydd|yi=right|left}}:3ex;"> [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short|''You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.'']] ''<span class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</span>''</div> Hi everyone! The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee]] (AffCom), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds commission]] (OC), and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety/Case_Review_Committee|Case Review Committee]] (CRC) are looking for new members. These volunteer groups provide important structural and oversight support for the community and movement. People are encouraged to nominate themselves or encourage others they feel would contribute to these groups to apply. There is more information about the roles of the groups, the skills needed, and the opportunity to apply on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments|'''Meta-wiki page''']]. On behalf of the Committee Support team,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ~ [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង១៦:៤១ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី០៩ ខែតុលា ឆ្នាំ២០២៣ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25570445 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Review and comment on the 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection rules package</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Dear all, Please review and comment on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection rules package from now until 29 October 2023. The selection rules package was based on older versions by the Elections Committee and will be used in the 2024 Board of Trustees selection. Providing your comments now will help them provide a smoother, better Board selection process. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|More on the Meta-wiki page]]. Best, Katie Chan <br> Chair of the Elections Committee<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> ម៉ោង០១:១២ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី១៧ ខែតុលា ឆ្នាំ២០២៣ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25570445 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Coming soon: Reference Previews</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="ReferencePreviewsDefault"/> [[File:Example_of_a_Reference_Preview.png|right|300px]] A new feature is coming to your wiki soon: Reference Previews are popups for references. Such popups have existed on wikis as local gadgets for many years. Now there is a central solution, available on all wikis, and consistent with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]]. Reference Previews will be visible to everyone, including readers. If you don’t want to see them, [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|you can opt out]]. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews unless you disable the gadget. Reference Previews have been a beta feature on many wikis since 2019, and a default feature on some since 2021. Deployment is planned for November 22. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Help page]] * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Project page with more information (in English)]]. * Feedback is welcome [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|on this talk page]]. -- For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Wikimedia Deutschland’s Technical Wishes]] team, <section end="ReferencePreviewsDefault"/> </div> [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]], ម៉ោង១៣:១១ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី១៥ ខែវិច្ឆិកា ឆ្នាំ២០២៣ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=25866958 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">(New) Feature on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]]: Adding geopoints via QID</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="Body"/>Since September 2022, it is possible to create geopoints using a QID. Many wiki contributors have asked for this feature, but it is not being used much. Therefore, we would like to remind you about it. More information can be found on the [[M:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints via QID|project page]]. If you have any comments, please let us know on the [[M:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints via QID|talk page]]. – Best regards, the team of Technical Wishes at Wikimedia Deutschland <section end="Body"/> </div> [[M:User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)|Thereza Mengs (WMDE)]] ម៉ោង១២:៣១ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី១៣ ខែធ្នូ ឆ្នាំ២០២៣ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=25955829 --> == Do you use Wikidata in Wikimedia sibling projects? Tell us about your experiences == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English.'' Hello, the '''[[m:WD4WMP|Wikidata for Wikimedia Projects]]''' team at Wikimedia Deutschland would like to hear about your experiences using Wikidata in the sibling projects. If you are interested in sharing your opinion and insights, please consider signing up for an interview with us in this '''[https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/Wikidata-for-Wikimedia-Interviews Registration form]'''.<br> ''Currently, we are only able to conduct interviews in English.'' The front page of the form has more details about what the conversation will be like, including how we would '''compensate''' you for your time. For more information, visit our ''[[m:WD4WMP/AddIssue|project issue page]]'' where you can also share your experiences in written form, without an interview.<br>We look forward to speaking with you, [[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|talk]]) 08:53, 5 January 2024 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WD4WMP/ScreenerInvite&oldid=26027495 --> == Reusing references: Can we look over your shoulder? == ''Apologies for writing in English.'' The Technical Wishes team at Wikimedia Deutschland is planning to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. For our research, we are looking for wiki contributors willing to show us how they are interacting with references. * The format will be a 1-hour video call, where you would share your screen. [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ More information here]. * Interviews can be conducted in English, German or Dutch. * [[mw:WMDE_Engineering/Participate_in_UX_Activities#Compensation|Compensation is available]]. * Sessions will be held in January and February. * [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ Sign up here if you are interested.] * Please note that we probably won’t be able to have sessions with everyone who is interested. Our UX researcher will try to create a good balance of wiki contributors, e.g. in terms of wiki experience, tech experience, editing preferences, gender, disability and more. If you’re a fit, she will reach out to you to schedule an appointment. We’re looking forward to seeing you, [[m:User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)| Thereza Mengs (WMDE)]] <!-- Message sent by User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=25956752 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2024 == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools'''] Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024 International Team]]''' ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង០៧:២៦ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី១៨ ខែមករា ឆ្នាំ២០២៤ (UTC) == Wiki Loves Folklore is back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|Wiki Loves Folklore 2024]]''' an international photography contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March. You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wlf_2024 submitting] them in this commons contest. You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language. Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. '''Kind regards,''' '''Wiki loves Folklore International Team''' -- [[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង០៧:២៦ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី១៨ ខែមករា ឆ្នាំ២០២៤ (UTC) </div></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=23942484 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Vote on the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, I am reaching out to you today to announce that the voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) Charter is now open. Community members may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|cast their vote and provide comments about the charter via SecurePoll]] now through '''2 February 2024'''. Those of you who voiced your opinions during the development of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|UCoC Enforcement Guidelines]] will find this process familiar. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|current version of the U4C Charter]] is on Meta-wiki with translations available. Read the charter, go vote and share this note with others in your community. I can confidently say the U4C Building Committee looks forward to your participation. On behalf of the UCoC Project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] ម៉ោង១៨:០៨ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី១៩ ខែមករា ឆ្នាំ២០២៤ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25853527 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Last days to vote on the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, I am reaching out to you today to remind you that the voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) charter will close on '''2 February 2024'''. Community members may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|cast their vote and provide comments about the charter via SecurePoll]]. Those of you who voiced your opinions during the development of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|UCoC Enforcement Guidelines]] will find this process familiar. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|current version of the U4C charter]] is on Meta-wiki with translations available. Read the charter, go vote and share this note with others in your community. I can confidently say the U4C Building Committee looks forward to your participation. On behalf of the UCoC Project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] ម៉ោង១៧:០០ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី៣១ ខែមករា ឆ្នាំ២០២៤ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25853527 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Announcing the results of the UCoC Coordinating Committee Charter ratification vote</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - results}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, Thank you everyone for following the progress of the Universal Code of Conduct. I am writing to you today to announce the outcome of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|ratification vote]] on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee Charter]]. 1746 contributors voted in this ratification vote with 1249 voters supporting the Charter and 420 voters not. The ratification vote process allowed for voters to provide comments about the Charter. A report of voting statistics and a summary of voter comments will be published on Meta-wiki in the coming weeks. Please look forward to hearing about the next steps soon. On behalf of the UCoC Project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] ម៉ោង១៨:២៣ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី១២ ខែកុម្ភៈ ឆ្នាំ២០២៤ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26160150 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2024: We are back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2024 general.jpg|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the forth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2024|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from 1st until 31st March 2024. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contribution in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes.<br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/UCDM 2024|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|ValentynNefedov (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=26166467 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Report of the U4C Charter ratification and U4C Call for Candidates now available</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – call for candidates| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, I am writing to you today with two important pieces of information. First, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Vote results|report of the comments from the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter ratification]] is now available. Secondly, the call for candidates for the U4C is open now through April 1, 2024. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members are invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Per the charter, there are 16 seats on the U4C: eight community-at-large seats and eight regional seats to ensure the U4C represents the diversity of the movement. Read more and submit your application on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Meta-wiki]]. On behalf of the UCoC project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] ម៉ោង១៦:២៥ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី០៥ ខែមីនា ឆ្នាំ២០២៤ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26276337 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2024 Selection</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> : ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' : ''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Dear all, This year, the term of 4 (four) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Elections Committee]] will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Board Governance Committee created a Board Selection Working Group from Trustees who cannot be candidates in the 2024 community- and affiliate-selected trustee selection process composed of Dariusz Jemielniak, Nataliia Tymkiv, Esra'a Al Shafei, Kathy Collins, and Shani Evenstein Sigalov [3]. The group is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2024 trustee selection process, and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4]. Here are the key planned dates: * May 2024: Call for candidates and call for questions * June 2024: Affiliates vote to shortlist 12 candidates (no shortlisting if 15 or less candidates apply) [5] * June-August 2024: Campaign period * End of August / beginning of September 2024: Two-week community voting period * October–November 2024: Background check of selected candidates * Board's Meeting in December 2024: New trustees seated Learn more about the 2024 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|this Meta-wiki page]], and make your plan. '''Election Volunteers''' Another way to be involved with the 2024 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Election Volunteers|Meta-wiki page]]. Best regards, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Pundit|Dariusz Jemielniak]] (Governance Committee Chair, Board Selection Working Group) [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Results#Elected [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Minutes:2023-08-15#Governance_Committee [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] Even though the ideal number is 12 candidates for 4 open seats, the shortlisting process will be triggered if there are more than 15 candidates because the 1-3 candidates that are removed might feel ostracized and it would be a lot of work for affiliates to carry out the shortlisting process to only eliminate 1-3 candidates from the candidate list.<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]]ម៉ោង១៩:៥៧ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី១២ ខែមីនា ឆ្នាំ២០២៤ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26349432 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2024-03-20|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2024-03-20T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2024-03-20T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2024-03-20|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> [[user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]], ម៉ោង០០:០១ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី១៥ ខែមីនា ឆ្នាំ២០២៤ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=25636619 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Vote now to select members of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, I am writing to you to let you know the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is open now through May 9, 2024. Read the information on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility. The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. On behalf of the UCoC project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] ម៉ោង២០:២១ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី២៥ ខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ២០២៤ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Sign up for the language community meeting on May 31st, 16:00 UTC</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/>Hello all, The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks - May 31st at 16:00 UTC. If you're interested, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Language_engineering/Community_meetings#31_May_2024 sign up on this wiki page]. This is a participant-driven meeting, where we share language-specific updates related to various projects, collectively discuss technical issues related to language wikis, and work together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, the topics included the machine translation service (MinT) and the languages and models it currently supports, localization efforts from the Kiwix team, and technical challenges with numerical sorting in files used on Bengali Wikisource. Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates related to your project? Any problems that you would like to bring for discussion during the meeting? Do you need interpretation support from English to another language? Please reach out to me at ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org and [[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-may-2024|add agenda items to the document here]]. We look forward to your participation! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ម៉ោង២១:២២ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី១៤ ខែឧសភា ឆ្នាំ២០២៤ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Feedback invited on Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' [[File:Sibling Project Lifecycle Conversation 3.png|150px|right|link=:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle]] Dear community members, The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee]] (CAC) of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] invites you to give feedback on a '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle|draft Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle]]'''. This draft Procedure outlines proposed steps and requirements for opening and closing Wikimedia Sibling Projects, and aims to ensure any newly approved projects are set up for success. This is separate from the procedures for opening or closing language versions of projects, which is handled by the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Language committee|Language Committee]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Closing_projects_policy|closing projects policy]]. You can find the details on [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle#Review|this page]], as well as the ways to give your feedback from today until the end of the day on '''June 23, 2024''', anywhere on Earth. You can also share information about this with the interested project communities you work with or support, and you can also help us translate the procedure into more languages, so people can join the discussions in their own language. On behalf of the CAC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] ម៉ោង០២:២៥ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី២២ ខែឧសភា ឆ្នាំ២០២៤ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Announcing the first Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello, The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote results. We are following up with the results of the first [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) election]]. We are pleased to announce the following individuals as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a two-year term: * North America (USA and Canada) ** – * Northern and Western Europe ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Ghilt|Ghilt]] * Latin America and Caribbean ** – * Central and East Europe (CEE) ** — * Sub-Saharan Africa ** – * Middle East and North Africa ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Ibrahim.ID|Ibrahim.ID]] * East, South East Asia and Pacific (ESEAP) ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:0xDeadbeef|0xDeadbeef]] * South Asia ** – The following individuals are elected to be community-at-large members of the U4C, fulfilling a one-year term: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Barkeep49|Barkeep49]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Superpes15|Superpes15]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Civvì|Civvì]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Luke081515|Luke081515]] * – * – * – * – Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community. Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. Follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-wiki]]. On behalf of the UCoC project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] ម៉ោង០៨:១៤ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី០៣ ខែមិថុនា ឆ្នាំ២០២៤ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The final text of the Wikimedia Movement Charter is now on Meta</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final draft available|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final draft available}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hi everyone, The final text of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] is now up on Meta in more than 20 languages for your reading. '''What is the Wikimedia Movement Charter?''' The Wikimedia Movement Charter is a proposed document to define roles and responsibilities for all the members and entities of the Wikimedia movement, including the creation of a new body – the Global Council – for movement governance. '''Join the Wikimedia Movement Charter “Launch Party”''' Join the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Movement Charter Launch Party|“Launch Party”]] on '''June 20, 2024''' at '''14.00-15.00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1718892000 your local time]). During this call, we will celebrate the release of the final Charter and present the content of the Charter. Join and learn about the Charter before casting your vote. '''Movement Charter ratification vote''' Voting will commence on SecurePoll on '''June 25, 2024''' at '''00:01 UTC''' and will conclude on '''July 9, 2024''' at '''23:59 UTC.''' You can read more about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting|voting process, eligibility criteria, and other details]] on Meta. If you have any questions, please leave a comment on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter|Meta talk page]] or email the MCDC at [mailto:mcdc@wikimedia.org mcdc@wikimedia.org]. On behalf of the MCDC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] ម៉ោង០៨:៤៤ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី១១ ខែមិថុនា ឆ្នាំ២០២៤ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Voting to ratify the Wikimedia Movement Charter is now open – cast your vote</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Ratification vote opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Ratification vote opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello everyone, The voting to ratify the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|'''Wikimedia Movement Charter''']] is now open. The Wikimedia Movement Charter is a document to define roles and responsibilities for all the members and entities of the Wikimedia movement, including the creation of a new body – the Global Council – for movement governance. The final version of the Wikimedia Movement Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|available on Meta in different languages]] and attached [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wikimedia_Movement_Charter_(June_2024).pdf here in PDF format] for your reading. Voting commenced on SecurePoll on '''June 25, 2024''' at '''00:01 UTC''' and will conclude on '''July 9, 2024''' at '''23:59 UTC'''. Please read more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting|voter information and eligibility details]]. After reading the Charter, please [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/398|'''vote here''']] and share this note further. If you have any questions about the ratification vote, please contact the Charter Electoral Commission at [mailto:cec@wikimedia.org '''cec@wikimedia.org''']. On behalf of the CEC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] ម៉ោង១០:៥១ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី២៥ ខែមិថុនា ឆ្នាំ២០២៤ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Voting to ratify the Wikimedia Movement Charter is ending soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello everyone, This is a kind reminder that the voting period to ratify the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] will be closed on '''July 9, 2024''', at '''23:59 UTC'''. If you have not voted yet, please vote [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/398|on SecurePoll]]. On behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral_Commission|Charter Electoral Commission]],<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] ម៉ោង០៣:៤៥ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី០៨ ខែកក្កដា ឆ្នាំ២០២៤ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">U4C Special Election - Call for Candidates</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – call for candidates|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, A special election has been called to fill additional vacancies on the U4C. The call for candidates phase is open from now through July 19, 2024. The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the [[:foundation:Wikimedia Foundation Universal Code of Conduct|UCoC]]. Community members are invited to submit their applications in the special election for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please review the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|U4C Charter]]. In this special election, according to [[Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter#2. Elections and Terms|chapter 2 of the U4C charter]], there are 9 seats available on the U4C: '''four''' community-at-large seats and '''five''' regional seats to ensure the U4C represents the diversity of the movement. [[Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter#5. Glossary|No more than two members of the U4C can be elected from the same home wiki]]. Therefore, candidates must not have English Wikipedia, German Wikipedia, or Italian Wikipedia as their home wiki. Read more and submit your application on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Meta-wiki]]. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង០០:០៣ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី១០ ខែកក្កដា ឆ្នាំ២០២៤ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Wikimedia Movement Charter ratification voting results</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Results of the ratification vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Results of the ratification vote}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello everyone, After carefully tallying both individual and affiliate votes, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral Commission|Charter Electoral Commission]] is pleased to announce the final results of the Wikimedia Movement Charter voting.   As [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter#Thank you for your participation in the Movement Charter ratification vote!|communicated]] by the Charter Electoral Commission, we reached the quorum for both Affiliate and individual votes by the time the vote closed on '''July 9, 23:59 UTC'''. We thank all 2,451 individuals and 129 Affiliate representatives who voted in the ratification process. Your votes and comments are invaluable for the future steps in Movement Strategy. The final results of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] ratification voting held between 25 June and 9 July 2024 are as follows: '''Individual vote:''' Out of 2,451 individuals who voted as of July 9 23:59 (UTC), 2,446 have been accepted as valid votes. Among these, '''1,710''' voted “yes”; '''623''' voted “no”; and '''113''' selected “–” (neutral). Because the neutral votes don’t count towards the total number of votes cast, 73.30% voted to approve the Charter (1710/2333), while 26.70% voted to reject the Charter (623/2333). '''Affiliates vote:''' Out of 129 Affiliates designated voters who voted as of July 9 23:59 (UTC), 129 votes are confirmed as valid votes. Among these, '''93''' voted “yes”; '''18''' voted “no”; and '''18''' selected “–” (neutral). Because the neutral votes don’t count towards the total number of votes cast, 83.78% voted to approve the Charter (93/111), while 16.22% voted to reject the Charter (18/111). '''Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation:''' The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees voted '''not to ratify''' the proposed Charter during their special Board meeting on July 8, 2024. The Chair of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees, Nataliia Tymkiv, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/Board_resolution_and_vote_on_the_proposed_Movement_Charter|shared the result of the vote, the resolution, meeting minutes and proposed next steps]].   With this, the Wikimedia Movement Charter in its current revision is '''not ratified'''. We thank you for your participation in this important moment in our movement’s governance. The Charter Electoral Commission, [[m:User:Abhinav619|Abhinav619]], [[m:User:Borschts|Borschts]], [[m:User:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]], [[m:User:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]], [[m:User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]]<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង១៧:៥២ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី១៨ ខែកក្កដា ឆ្នាំ២០២៤ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Vote now to fill vacancies of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, I am writing to you to let you know the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is open now through '''August 10, 2024'''. Read the information on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility. The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] ម៉ោង០២:៤៧ ថ្ងៃសៅរ៍ ទី២៧ ខែកក្កដា ឆ្នាំ២០២៤ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Reminder! Vote closing soon to fill vacancies of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, The voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is closing soon. It is open through 10 August 2024. Read the information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024_Special_Election#Voting|the voting page on Meta-wiki to learn more about voting and voter eligibility]]. If you are eligible to vote and have not voted in this special election, it is important that you vote now. '''Why should you vote?''' The U4C is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community input into the committee membership is critical to the success of the UCoC. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង១៥:៣០ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី០៦ ខែសីហា ឆ្នាំ២០២៤ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Coming soon: A new sub-referencing feature – try it!</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Sub-referencing"/> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|{{#ifeq:{{#dir}}|ltr|right|left}}|400px]] Hello. For many years, community members have requested an easy way to re-use references with different details. Now, a MediaWiki solution is coming: The new sub-referencing feature will work for wikitext and Visual Editor and will enhance the existing reference system. You can continue to use different ways of referencing, but you will probably encounter sub-references in articles written by other users. More information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|the project page]]. '''We want your feedback''' to make sure this feature works well for you: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|Please try]] the current state of development on beta wiki and [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|let us know what you think]]. * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|Sign up here]] to get updates and/or invites to participate in user research activities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes]] team is planning to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We will reach out to creators/maintainers of tools and templates related to references beforehand. Please help us spread the message. --[[m:User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]]) 10:36, 19 August 2024 (UTC) <section end="Sub-referencing"/> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=27309345 --> == Sign up for the language community meeting on August 30th, 15:00 UTC == Hi all, The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks—on August 30th at 15:00 UTC. If you're interested in joining, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#30_August_2024 sign up on this wiki page]. This participant-driven meeting will focus on sharing language-specific updates related to various projects, discussing technical issues related to language wikis, and working together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, topics included the Language Converter, the state of language research, updates on the Incubator conversations, and technical challenges around external links not working with special characters on Bengali sites. Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates or discuss challenges? Please add agenda items to the document [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/language-community-meeting-aug-2024 here] and reach out to ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org. We look forward to your participation! [[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង២៣:១៩ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី២២ ខែសីហា ឆ្នាំ២០២៤ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Announcing the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/board-elections@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/OKCCN2CANIH2K7DXJOL2GPVDFWL27R7C/ Original message at wikimedia-l]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Elections Committee|Elections Committee]] have certified the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Results|results]] for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) special election]]. I am pleased to announce the following individual as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a term until 15 June 2026: * North America (USA and Canada) ** Ajraddatz The following seats were not filled during this special election: * Latin America and Caribbean * Central and East Europe (CEE) * Sub-Saharan Africa * South Asia * The four remaining Community-At-Large seats Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community. Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. You can follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-Wiki]]. On behalf of the U4C and the Elections Committee,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] ម៉ោង១៤:០៦ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី០២ ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ២០២៤ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Have your say: Vote for the 2024 Board of Trustees!</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Hello all, The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. There are twelve (12) candidates running for four (4) seats on the Board. Learn more about the candidates by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Candidates|reading their statements]] and their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Questions_for_candidates|answers to community questions]]. When you are ready, go to the [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/400|SecurePoll]] voting page to vote. '''The vote is open from September 3rd at 00:00 UTC to September 17th at 23:59 UTC'''. To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|voter eligibility page]]. Best regards, The Elections Committee and Board Selection Working Group<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង១២:១៤ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី០៣ ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ២០២៤ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2024-09-25|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2024-09-25T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2024-09-25T15:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2024-09-25|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> [[User:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]], ម៉ោង០៩:៣៧ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី២០ ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ២០២៤ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27248326 --> == 'Wikidata item' link is moving. Find out where... == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><i>Apologies for cross-posting in English. Please consider translating this message.</i>{{tracked|T66315}} Hello everyone, a small change will soon be coming to the user-interface of your Wikimedia project. The [[d:Q16222597|Wikidata item]] [[w:|sitelink]] currently found under the <span style="color: #54595d;"><u>''General''</u></span> section of the '''Tools''' sidebar menu will move into the <span style="color: #54595d;"><u>''In Other Projects''</u></span> section. We would like the Wiki communities feedback so please let us know or ask questions on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Discussion page]] before we enable the change which can take place October 4 2024, circa 15:00 UTC+2. More information can be found on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|the project page]].<br><br>We welcome your feedback and questions.<br> [[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង១៨:៥៧ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី២៧ ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ២០២៤ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=27524260 --> == Invitation to Participate in Wiki Loves Ramadan Community Engagement Survey == Dear all, Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. We are excited to announce the upcoming [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan|Wiki Loves Ramadan]] event, a global initiative aimed at celebrating Ramadan by enriching Wikipedia and its sister projects with content related to this significant time of year. As we plan to organize this event globally, your insights and experiences are crucial in shaping the best possible participation experience for the community. To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is engaging, inclusive, and impactful, we kindly invite you to participate in our community engagement survey. Your feedback will help us understand the needs of the community, set the event's focus, and guide our strategies for organizing this global event. Survey link: https://forms.gle/f66MuzjcPpwzVymu5 Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will make a difference! Thank you for being a part of our journey to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success. Warm regards, User:ZI Jony ម៉ោង០៣:២០ ថ្ងៃអាទិត្យ ទី០៦ ខែតុលា ឆ្នាំ២០២៤ (UTC) Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27510935 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Preliminary results of the 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Hello all, Thank you to everyone who participated in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election]]. Close to 6000 community members from more than 180 wiki projects have voted. The following four candidates were the most voted: # [[User:Kritzolina|Christel Steigenberger]] # [[User:Nadzik|Maciej Artur Nadzikiewicz]] # [[User:Victoria|Victoria Doronina]] # [[User:Laurentius|Lorenzo Losa]] While these candidates have been ranked through the vote, they still need to be appointed to the Board of Trustees. They need to pass a successful background check and meet the qualifications outlined in the Bylaws. New trustees will be appointed at the next Board meeting in December 2024. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Results|Learn more about the results on Meta-Wiki.]] Best regards, The Elections Committee and Board Selection Working Group <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]] ម៉ោង០៨:២៥ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី១៤ ខែតុលា ឆ្នាំ២០២៤ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]] Applications for the committees open on 16 October 2024. Applications for the Affiliations Committee close on 18 November 2024, and applications for the Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on 2 December 2024. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation/Legal/Committee_appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email [mailto:cst@wikimedia.org cst@wikimedia.org] with any questions you may have. For the Committee Support team, <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង២៣:០៨ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី១៦ ខែតុលា ឆ្នាំ២០២៤ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27601062 --> == 'Wikidata item' link is moving, finally. == Hello everyone, I previously wrote on the 27th September to advise that the ''Wikidata item'' sitelink will change places in the sidebar menu, moving from the '''General''' section into the '''In Other Projects''' section. The scheduled rollout date of 04.10.2024 was delayed due to a necessary request for Mobile/MinervaNeue skin. I am happy to inform that the global rollout can now proceed and will occur later today, 22.10.2024 at 15:00 UTC-2. [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Please let us know]] if you notice any problems or bugs after this change. There should be no need for null-edits or purging cache for the changes to occur. Kind regards, -[[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ម៉ោង១១:២៩ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី២២ ខែតុលា ឆ្នាំ២០២៤ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=27535421 --> == Final Reminder: Join us in Making Wiki Loves Ramadan Success == Dear all, We’re thrilled to announce the Wiki Loves Ramadan event, a global initiative to celebrate Ramadan by enhancing Wikipedia and its sister projects with valuable content related to this special time of year. As we organize this event globally, we need your valuable input to make it a memorable experience for the community. Last Call to Participate in Our Survey: To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is inclusive and impactful, we kindly request you to complete our community engagement survey. Your feedback will shape the event’s focus and guide our organizing strategies to better meet community needs. * Survey Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSffN4prPtR5DRSq9nH-t1z8hG3jZFBbySrv32YoxV8KbTwxig/viewform?usp=sf_link Complete the Survey] * Deadline: November 10, 2024 Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will truly make a difference! '''Volunteer Opportunity''': Join the Wiki Loves Ramadan Team! We’re seeking dedicated volunteers for key team roles essential to the success of this initiative. If you’re interested in volunteer roles, we invite you to apply. * Application Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfXiox_eEDH4yJ0gxVBgtL7jPe41TINAWYtpNp1JHSk8zhdgw/viewform?usp=sf_link Apply Here] * Application Deadline: October 31, 2024 Explore Open Positions: For a detailed list of roles and their responsibilities, please refer to the position descriptions here: [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oy0_tilC6kow5GGf6cEuFvdFpekcubCqJlaxkxh-jT4/ Position Descriptions] Thank you for being part of this journey. We look forward to working together to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success! Warm regards,<br> The Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team ម៉ោង០៥:១១ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី២៩ ខែតុលា ឆ្នាំ២០២៤ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27568454 --> == Sign up for the language community meeting on November 29th, 16:00 UTC == Hello everyone, The next language community meeting is coming up next week, on November 29th, at 16:00 UTC (Zonestamp! For your timezone <https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000>). If you're interested in joining, you can sign up on this wiki page: <https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#29_November_2024>. This participant-driven meeting will be organized by the Wikimedia Foundation’s Language Product Localization team and the Language Diversity Hub. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Moore Wikipedia, and the language support track at Wiki Indaba. We will also have members from the Wayuunaiki community joining us to share their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community within our movement. This meeting will have a Spanish interpretation. Looking forward to seeing you at the language community meeting! Cheers, [[User:SSethi (WMF)|Srishti]] ម៉ោង១៩:៥៤ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី២១ ខែវិច្ឆិកា ឆ្នាំ២០២៤ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27746256 --> == Launching! Join Us for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025! == Dear All, We’re happy to announce the launch of [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]], an annual international campaign dedicated to celebrating and preserving Islamic cultures and history through the power of Wikipedia. As an active contributor to the Local Wikipedia, you are specially invited to participate in the launch. This year’s campaign will be launched for you to join us write, edit, and improve articles that showcase the richness and diversity of Islamic traditions, history, and culture. * Topic: [[m:Event:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch]] * When: Jan 19, 2025 * Time: 16:00 Universal Time UTC and runs throughout Ramadan (starting February 25, 2025). * Join Zoom Meeting: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88420056597?pwd=NdrpqIhrwAVPeWB8FNb258n7qngqqo.1 * Zoom meeting hosted by [[m:Wikimedia Bangladesh|Wikimedia Bangladesh]] To get started, visit the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|campaign page]] for details, resources, and guidelines: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025. Add [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participant|your community here]], and organized Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 in your local language. Whether you’re a first-time editor or an experienced Wikipedian, your contributions matter. Together, we can ensure Islamic cultures and traditions are well-represented and accessible to all. Feel free to invite your community and friends too. Kindly reach out if you have any questions or need support as you prepare to participate. Let’s make Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 a success! For the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Team|International Team]] ម៉ោង១២:០៨ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី១៦ ខែមករា ឆ្នាំ២០២៥ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27568454 --> == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: provide your comments on the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង០១:១១ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី២៤ ខែមករា ឆ្នាំ២០២៥ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27746256 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2025 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2025, to March 31, 2025 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools'''] Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025 International Team]]''' ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង០២:៣៦ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី២៩ ខែមករា ឆ្នាំ២០២៥ (UTC) == Wiki Loves Folklore is back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore 2025]]''' an international media contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March. You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wlf_2025 submitting] them in this commons contest. You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language. Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. '''Kind regards,''' '''Wiki loves Folklore International Team''' --[[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង០២:៣៦ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី២៩ ខែមករា ឆ្នាំ២០២៥ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=26503019 --> == Reminder: first part of the annual UCoC review closes soon == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. This is a reminder that the first phase of the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines will be closing soon. You can make suggestions for changes through [[d:Q614092|the end of day]], 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. After review of the feedback, proposals for updated text will be published on Meta in March for another round of community review. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង០០:៤៨ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី០៣ ខែកុម្ភៈ ឆ្នាំ២០២៥ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28198931 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr"> Upcoming Language Community Meeting (Feb 28th, 14:00 UTC) and Newsletter</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Hello everyone! [[File:WP20Symbols WIKI INCUBATOR.svg|right|frameless|150x150px|alt=An image symbolising multiple languages]] We’re excited to announce that the next '''Language Community Meeting''' is happening soon, '''February 28th at 14:00 UTC'''! If you’d like to join, simply sign up on the '''[[mw:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#28_February_2025|wiki page]]'''. This is a participant-driven meeting where we share updates on language-related projects, discuss technical challenges in language wikis, and collaborate on solutions. In our last meeting, we covered topics like developing language keyboards, creating the Moore Wikipedia, and updates from the language support track at Wiki Indaba. '''Got a topic to share?''' Whether it’s a technical update from your project, a challenge you need help with, or a request for interpretation support, we’d love to hear from you! Feel free to '''reply to this message''' or add agenda items to the document '''[[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-feb-2025|here]]'''. Also, we wanted to highlight that the sixth edition of the Language & Internationalization newsletter (January 2025) is available here: [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January]]. This newsletter provides updates from the October–December 2024 quarter on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects and support efforts, details about community meetings, and ideas for contributing to projects. To stay updated, you can subscribe to the newsletter on its wiki page: [[:mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter]]. We look forward to your ideas and participation at the language community meeting, see you there! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ម៉ោង០៨:២៩ ថ្ងៃសៅរ៍ ទី២២ ខែកុម្ភៈ ឆ្នាំ២០២៥ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28217779 --> == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: proposed changes are available for comment == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know that [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|proposed changes]] to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter]] are open for review. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|You can provide feedback on suggested changes]]''' through the [[d:Q614092|end of day]] on Tuesday, 18 March 2025. This is the second step in the annual review process, the final step will be community voting on the proposed changes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find relevant links about the process on the UCoC annual review page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ម៉ោង១៨:៥១ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី០៧ ខែមីនា ឆ្នាំ២០២៥ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28307738 --> == An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{Int:hello}} Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device. With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users now have access to the capabilities shown in the image below. [[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the "For you" and "...More" buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic).  Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard  in two groups ("Create new pages" and "Expand with new sections")-one for each activity.]] [[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]] We will implement [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|this improvement]] on your wiki '''on Monday, March 17th, 2025''' and remove the current dashboard '''by May 2025'''. Please reach out with any questions concerning the dashboard in this thread. Thank you! On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> ម៉ោង០២:៥៦ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី១៣ ខែមីនា ឆ្នាំ២០២៥ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_CX_Unified_dashboard_announcement_list_1&oldid=28382282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-03-19|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-03-19T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-03-19T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-03-19|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ម៉ោង២៣:១៥ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី១៤ ខែមីនា ឆ្នាំ២០២៥ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=28307742 --> == Final proposed modifications to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter now posted == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The proposed modifications to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] and the U4C Charter [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Proposed_Changes|are now on Meta-wiki for community notice]] in advance of the voting period. This final draft was developed from the previous two rounds of community review. Community members will be able to vote on these modifications starting on 17 April 2025. The vote will close on 1 May 2025, and results will be announced no later than 12 May 2025. The U4C election period, starting with a call for candidates, will open immediately following the announcement of the review results. More information will be posted on [[m:Special:MyLanguage//Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election|the wiki page for the election]] soon. Please be advised that this process will require more messages to be sent here over the next two months. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង០២:០៤ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី០៤ ខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ២០២៥ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025: Invitation == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2025 general.png|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the fifth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''14th April''' until '''16th May 2025'''. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design, and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contributions in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes. If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest. <br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> ម៉ោង១៦:១១ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី១៦ ខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ២០២៥ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Hide on Rosé@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines ("UCoC EG") and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង០០:៣៤ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី១៧ ខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ២០២៥ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] <small>''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''</small> Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> ម៉ោង១៥:០៣ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី២៨ ខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ២០២៥ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=28628657 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote on proposed modifications to the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter closes on 1 May 2025 at 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community in your language, as appropriate, so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង០៣:៤១ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី២៩ ខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ២០២៥ (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! == ''(Apologies for posting in English)'' Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them. As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]]. After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki. The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org. If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង១៥:០៧ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី០៦ ខែឧសភា ឆ្នាំ២០២៥ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28663781 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]]. You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC. If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, </div><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|ការពិភាក្សា]])</bdi> ម៉ោង២២:០៧ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី១៥ ខែឧសភា ឆ្នាំ២០២៥ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)'' Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) ម៉ោង១៥:២៦ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី២២ ខែឧសភា ឆ្នាំ២០២៥ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28768453 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 Selection & Call for Questions</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, This year, the term of 2 (two) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats. The Elections Committee will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Governance Committee, composed of trustees who are not candidates in the 2025 community-and-affiliate-selected trustee selection process (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina and Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2025 trustee selection process and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4]. Here are the key planned dates: * May 22 – June 5: Announcement (this communication) and call for questions period [6] * June 17 – July 1, 2025: Call for candidates * July 2025: If needed, affiliates vote to shortlist candidates if more than 10 apply [5] * August 2025: Campaign period * August – September 2025: Two-week community voting period * October – November 2025: Background check of selected candidates * Board’s Meeting in December 2025: New trustees seated Learn more about the 2025 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[link]]]. '''Call for Questions''' In each selection process, the community has the opportunity to submit questions for the Board of Trustees candidates to answer. The Election Committee selects questions from the list developed by the community for the candidates to answer. Candidates must answer all the required questions in the application in order to be eligible; otherwise their application will be disqualified. This year, the Election Committee will select 5 questions for the candidates to answer. The selected questions may be a combination of what’s been submitted from the community, if they’re alike or related. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]] '''Election Volunteers''' Another way to be involved with the 2025 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[link].]] Thank you! [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024 [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ [6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates Best regards, Victoria Doronina Board Liaison to the Elections Committee Governance Committee<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង០៣:០៧ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី២៨ ខែឧសភា ឆ្នាំ២០២៥ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}} Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង២៣:០០ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី១៣ ខែមិថុនា ឆ្នាំ២០២៥ (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28848819 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div> Hello all, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position. This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3] Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election. Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br /> Chair of the Elections Committee On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term. [3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង១៧:៤៤ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី១៧ ខែមិថុនា ឆ្នាំ២០២៥ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28866958 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> </div> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, ម៉ោង២០:៥៦ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី២៧ ខែមិថុនា ឆ្នាំ២០២៥ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> == Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes == ''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)'' Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations. The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''. The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below: [[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]] These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages. Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change. Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]]. Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង១២:៤៥ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី១៤ ខែកក្កដា ឆ្នាំ២០២៥ (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=28981877 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Temporary accounts will be rolled out soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="body"/> Hello, we are the Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]] team. We would like to announce that '''we plan to enable [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] for this wiki in the week of September 1'''. Temporary accounts are successfully live on 30 wikis, including many large ones like German, Japanese, and French. The change they bring is especially relevant to logged-out editors, who this feature is designed to protect. But it is also relevant to community members like mentors, patrollers, and admins – anyone who reverts edits, blocks users, or otherwise interacts with logged-out editors as part of keeping the wikis safe and accurate. '''Why we are building temporary accounts''' Our wikis should be safer to edit by default for logged-out editors. Temporary accounts allow people to continue editing the wikis without creating an account, while avoiding publicly tying their edits to their IP address. We believe this is in the best interest of our logged-out editors, who make valuable contributions to the wikis and who may later create accounts and grow our community of editors, admins, and other roles. Even though the wikis do warn logged-out editors that their IP address will be associated with their edit, many people may not understand what an IP address is, or that it could be used to connect them to other information about them in ways they might not expect. Additionally, our moderation software and tools rely too heavily on network origin (IP addresses) to identify users and patterns of activity, especially as IP addresses themselves are becoming less stable as identifiers. Temporary accounts allow for more precise interactions with logged-out editors, including more precise blocks, and can help limit how often we unintentionally end up blocking good-faith users who use the same IP addresses as bad-faith users. '''How temporary accounts work''' [[File:Temporary account banner and empty talk page.png|thumb]] Any time a logged-out user publishes an edit on this wiki, a cookie will be set in this user's browser, and a temporary account tied with this cookie will be automatically created. This account's name will follow the pattern: <code dir=ltr>~2025-12345-67</code> (a tilde, current year, a number). On pages like Recent Changes or page history, this name will be displayed. The cookie will expire 90 days after its creation. As long as it exists, all edits made from this device will be attributed to this temporary account. It will be the same account even if the IP address changes, unless the user clears their cookies or uses a different device or web browser. A record of the IP address used at the time of each edit will be stored for 90 days after the edit. However, only some logged-in users will be able to see it. '''What does this mean for different groups of users?''' '''For logged-out editors''' * This increases privacy: currently, if you do not use a registered account to edit, then everybody can see the IP address for the edits you made, even after 90 days. That will no longer be possible on this wiki. * If you use a temporary account to edit from different locations in the last 90 days (for example at home and at a coffee shop), the edit history and the IP addresses for all those locations will now be recorded together, for the same temporary account. Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the relevant requirements]] will be able to view this data. If this creates any personal security concerns for you, please contact talktohumanrights at wikimedia.org for advice. '''For community members interacting with logged-out editors''' * A temporary account is uniquely linked to a device. In comparison, an IP address can be shared with different devices and people (for example, different people at school or at work might have the same IP address). * Compared to the current situation, it will be safer to assume that a temporary user's talk page belongs to only one person, and messages left there will be read by them. As you can see in the screenshot, temporary account users will receive notifications. It will also be possible to thank them for their edits, ping them in discussions, and invite them to get more involved in the community. '''For users who use IP address data to moderate and maintain the wiki''' * '''For patrollers''' who track persistent abusers, investigate violations of policies, etc.: Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the requirements]] will be able to reveal temporary users' IP addresses and all contributions made by temporary accounts from a specific IP address or range ([[Special:IPContributions]]). They will also have access to useful information about the IP addresses thanks to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Info]] feature. Many other pieces of software have been built or adjusted to work with temporary accounts, including AbuseFilter, global blocks, Global User Contributions, and more. (For information for volunteer developers on how to update the code of your tools – see the last part of the message.) * '''For admins blocking logged-out editors''': ** It will be possible to block many abusers by just blocking their temporary accounts. A blocked person won't be able to create new temporary accounts quickly if the admin selects the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblock]] option. ** It will still be possible to block an IP address or IP range. * Temporary accounts will not be retroactively applied to contributions made before the deployment. On Special:Contributions, you will be able to see existing IP user contributions, but not new contributions made by temporary accounts on that IP address. Instead, you should use Special:IPContributions for this. '''Our requests for you, and next steps''' * If you know of any tools, bots, gadgets etc. using data about IP addresses or being available for logged-out users, you may want to test if they work on [[testwiki:Main_Page|testwiki]] or [[test2wiki:Main_Page|test2wiki]]. If you are a volunteer developer, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|read our documentation for developers]], and in particular, the section on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers#How should I update my code?|how your code might need to be updated]]. * If you want to test the temporary account experience, for example just to check what it feels like, go to testwiki or test2wiki and edit without logging in. * Tell us if you know of any difficulties that need to be addressed. We will try to help, and if we are not able, we will consider the available options. * Look at our [[m:Meta:Babel#Temporary_Accounts:_access_to_IP_addresses_and_next_steps|previous message]] about requirements for users without extended rights who may need access to IP addresses. To learn more about the project, check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/FAQ|our FAQ]] – you will find many useful answers there. You may also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|look at the updates]] (we have just posted one) and [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|subscribe to our new newsletter]]. If you'd like to talk to me (Szymon) off-wiki, you will find me on Discord and Telegram. Thank you!<section end="body" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:user:NKohli (WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]], [[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]</bdi> ម៉ោង២១:៣៦ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី២៦ ខែសីហា ឆ្នាំ២០២៥ (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:វិគីភីឌា:កែន្លងប្រជំុ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/sandbox6&oldid=29181713 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-09-24T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-09-24T15:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-09-24|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])</span> ម៉ោង១៥:៤២ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី១៨ ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ២០២៥ (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:វិគីភីឌា:កែន្លងប្រជំុ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29170715 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Have your say: vote for the 2025 Board of Trustees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Hello all, The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|2025 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. Candidates are running for two (2) seats on the Board. To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|voter eligibility page]]. Learn more about them by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|reading their application statements and watch their candidacy videos]]. When you are ready, go to the [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|SecurePoll voting page to vote]]. '''The vote is open from October 8 at 00:00 UTC to October 22 at 23:59 UTC.''' Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br />Chair, Elections Committee<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង០៤:៤៨ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី០៩ ខែតុលា ឆ្នាំ២០២៥ (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:វិគីភីឌា:កែន្លងប្រជំុ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29360896 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function1"/> {{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere). There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function1"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង១១:៤៣ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី២០ ខែតុលា ឆ្នាំ២០២៥ (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:វិគីភីឌា:កែន្លងប្រជំុ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29432175 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]] Applications for the committees open on October 30, 2025. Applications for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on December 11, 2025. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with any questions you may have. For the Committee Support team, <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] ម៉ោង១៤:១២ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី៣០ ខែតុលា ឆ្នាំ២០២៥ (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:វិគីភីឌា:កែន្លងប្រជំុ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:MKaur (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29517125 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function2"/> {{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki</span>. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function2"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង១៤:២២ ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បតិ៍ ទី២០ ខែវិច្ឆិកា ឆ្នាំ២០២៥ (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:វិគីភីឌា:កែន្លងប្រជំុ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29583860 --> == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' ម៉ោង១៩:៤៥ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី១៦ ខែមករា ឆ្នាំ២០២៦ (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:វិគីភីឌា:កែន្លងប្រជំុ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង១៣:២១ ថ្ងៃអាទិត្យ ទី១៨ ខែមករា ឆ្នាំ២០២៦ (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:វិគីភីឌា:កែន្លងប្រជំុ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> ម៉ោង២១:០១ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី១៩ ខែមករា ឆ្នាំ២០២៦ (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:វិគីភីឌា:កែន្លងប្រជំុ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> (This message was sent to [[:វិគីភីឌា:កែន្លងប្រជំុ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង១៧:១១ ថ្ងៃសុក្រ ទី០៣ ខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ២០២៦ (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:វិគីភីឌា:កែន្លងប្រជំុ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:MediaWiki message delivery|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង០០:៥៧ ថ្ងៃអាទិត្យ ទី២៦ ខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ២០២៦ (UTC) </bdi> (This message was sent to [[:វិគីភីឌា:កែន្លងប្រជំុ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote now in the 2026 U4C election</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ម៉ោង១៧:១៤ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី២៧ ខែឧសភា ឆ្នាំ២០២៦ (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:វិគីភីឌា:កែន្លងប្រជំុ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Migration to Parsoid</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]</em> Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier. If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation. There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki. To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]</bdi> ម៉ោង២៣:២១ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី០២ ខែមិថុនា ឆ្នាំ២០២៦ (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:វិគីភីឌា:កែន្លងប្រជំុ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ABreault (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation/Product_and_Technology/Parsoid_Read_Views/2026-06-04_Wikipedias&oldid=30626143 --> == RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|ការពិភាក្សា]])</bdi> ម៉ោង១៧:១១ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី២៣ ខែមិថុនា ឆ្នាំ២០២៦ (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:វិគីភីឌា:កែន្លងប្រជំុ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> 7skhssw1ap88p8th81jg8jlriohrdt7 0 23271 336916 335188 2026-06-24T07:13:22Z InternetArchiveBot 32568 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 336916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military conflict |conflict = សង្គ្រាមវៀតណាម<br /><small>{{nobold|Chiến tranh Việt Nam}}</small> |partof = [[សង្គ្រាមឥណ្ឌូចិន]] និង [[សង្គ្រាមត្រជាក់]] |image ={{Multiple image | image1 = U.S. Army UH-1H Hueys insert ARVN troops at Khâm Đức, Vietnam, 12 July 1970 (79431435).jpg | caption1 = [[បិល្លUH-១ អ៊ីររ៉ឹខយ|ឧទ្ធម្ភាគចក្របិល្លUH-១H]]​ របស់អាមេរិកកំពុងទម្លាក់ទាហានវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង, ១៩៧០ | image2 = Pavnbattle.jpg | caption2 = ទាហាននៃ[[កងទ័ពប្រជាជនវៀតណាម|កងទ័ពវៀតណាមខាងជើង]]នៅក្នុងសមរភូមិប្រយុទ្ធ ប្រ. ១៩៦៦ | image3 = Hue Massacre Interment.jpg | caption3 = ការបញ្ចុះសពជនស៊ីវិលដែលបានស្លាប់ក្នុង[[ការសម្លាប់រង្គាលនោហ៊ូអេ|ព្រឹត្តិការណ៍សម្លាប់រង្គាលហ៊ូអេ]], ១៩៦៨ | image4 = Flame Thrower. Operation New Castle. - NARA - 532488.tif | caption4 = [[កងម៉ារីនសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក|កងម៉ារីនអាមេរិក]]កំពុងប្រើប្រាស់[[កាំភ្លើងព្រួសភ្លើង]], ១៩៦៧ | image5 = A-4E Skyhawk of VA-56 drops bomb over Vietnam c1966.jpg | caption5 = យន្តហោះ [[ដោក្លាសអេ-៤ ស្កាយហក|អេ-៤ ស្កាយហក]] របស់អាមេរិកក្នុងប្រតិបត្តិការទម្លាក់គ្រាប់បែក, ១៩៦៦ | image6 = Saigon Execution.jpg | caption6 = ''[[ការប្រហារជីវិតសៃហ្គន]]''៖ ឧត្តមសេនីយ៍វៀតណាមខាងត្បូង លោក[[ង្វៀន ង៉ុកលាន់]]កំពុងបាញ់ប្រហារជីវិតមន្ត្រីយោធា[[វៀតកុង]] លោក[[ការប្រហារជីវិតសៃហ្គន|ង្វៀន វ៉ាន់លែម]]ក្នុងកំឡុង[[ការវាយលុកតេត|ប្រតិបត្តិការវាយលុកតេត]], ១៩៦៨ | width = 180 | perrow = 1/2/2/1 | border = infobox | total_width = 300 }} |date = ១ វិច្ឆិកា ១៩៥៥&nbsp;– ៣០ មេសា ១៨៧៥<br>(១៩ ឆ្នាំ, ៥ ខែ និង ២៩ ថ្ងៃ) |place = {{flatlist| * [[វៀតណាមខាងត្បូង]] * [[វៀតណាមខាងជើង]] * [[ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រឡាវ|ឡាវ]] * [[ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា (១៩៥៣-១៩៧០)|កម្ពុជា]] * [[សមុទ្រចិនខាងត្បូង]] * [[ឈូងសមុទ្រថៃ]] (សង្គ្រាមបានបែកចូលក្នុងប្រទេស[[ថៃ]] និង[[ចិន]]បន្តិចបន្តួច)}} |territory = {{bulleted list | ការបង្រួបបង្រួម[[វៀតណាមខាងជើង]] និង[[វៀតណាមខាងត្បូង|ខាងត្បូង]]ទៅជា​[[វៀតណាម|សាធារណរដ្ឋសង្គមនិយមវៀតណាម]]នៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៧៦ | ចិនចូលគ្រប់គ្រង[[ប្រជុំកោះប៉ារ៉ាស៊ែល]]}} |result = ជ័យជំនះ[[វៀតណាមខាងជើង]] |combatant1 = {{Plainlist}} * {{flagicon|វៀតណាមខាងជើង}} [[វៀតណាមខាងជើង]] * {{flagicon|សាធារណរដ្ឋវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង}} [[វៀតកុង]] និង [[រដ្ឋាភិបាលបដិវត្តន៍បណ្ដោះអាសន្ននៃសាធារណរដ្ឋវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង|រ.ប.ប.]] * {{flagicon|Laos}} [[ប៉ៈថេតឡាវ]] * {{flagicon|Cambodia|1975}} [[ខ្មែរក្រហម]] * {{flagicon|Cambodia}} [[រាជរដ្ឋាភិបាលរួបរួមជាតិកម្ពុជា]] * {{flag|ចិន}} * {{flag|សហភាពសូវៀត|1955}} * {{flag|កូរ៉េខាងជើង|1948}} {{Endplainlist}} |combatant2 = {{Plainlist}} * {{flag|វៀតណាមខាងត្បូង}} * {{flag|សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក}} * {{flag|កូរ៉េខាងត្បូង}} * {{flag|អូស្ត្រាលី}} * {{flag|នូវែលសេឡង់}} * {{flagicon|Laos|1952}} [[ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រឡាវ|ឡាវ]] (ពីឆ្នាំ១៩៥៩) * {{flag|សាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរ}}​ * {{flag|ថៃ}} ​ * {{flag|ហ្វីលីពីន|1919}} * {{flag|តៃវ៉ាន់}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.psywarrior.com/AlliesRepublicVietnam.html|title=ALLIES OF THE REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM |accessdate=24 September 2011 }}</ref> {{Endplainlist}} |strength2 = '''≈១,៤២០,០០០ (១៩៦៨)''' {{Plainlist}} * {{Flagdeco|វៀតណាមខាងត្បូង}} '''វៀតណាមខាងត្បូង'''៖<br />៨៥០,០០០ ១៩៦៨)<br />១,៥០០,០០០ (១៩៧៤–១៩៧៥)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Le Gro |first=William |url=https://history.army.mil/html/books/090/90-29/CMH_Pub_90-29.pdf |title=Vietnam from ceasefire to capitulation |publisher=US Army Center of Military History |year=1985 |isbn=978-1-4102-2542-9 |page=28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202012033/https://history.army.mil/html/books/090/90-29/CMH_Pub_90-29.pdf|archive-date=February 2, 2023}}</ref> * {{Flagdeco|សហរដ្ឋ|1960}} '''សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក'''៖<br />សរុប ២,៧០៩,៩១៨ បានបម្រើការក្នុងវៀតណាម<br />៥៤៣,៤០០០ (ចំនួនកំពូល, មេសា​ ១៩៦៩)<ref name=Tucker/>{{Rp|xlv}} * {{Flagdeco|កម្ពុជា|1970}} '''សាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរ'''៖<br />២០០,០០០ (១៩៧៣){{Citation needed|date=March 2026}} * {{Flagdeco|ឡាវ|1952}} '''ឡាវ'''៖<br />៧២,០០០ (កងទ័ព និងជីវពល[[ជនជាតិហ្មុង|ហ្មុង]])<ref>{{Cite web |title=The rise of Communism |url=http://www.footprinttravelguides.com/c/4999/the-rise-of-communism |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101117114707/http://footprinttravelguides.com/c/4999/the-rise-of-communism/ |archive-date=17 November 2010 |access-date=9 March 2026 |website=www.footprinttravelguides.com |archivedate=17 វិច្ឆិកា 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101117114707/http://footprinttravelguides.com/c/4999/the-rise-of-communism/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hmong rebellion in Laos |url=http://members.ozemail.com.au/~yeulee/Topical/Hmong%20rebellion%20in%20Laos.html |access-date=9 March 2026 |website=Members.ozemail.com.au|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404230156/http://members.ozemail.com.au/~yeulee/Topical/Hmong%20rebellion%20in%20Laos.html|archive-date=April 4, 2023}}</ref> * {{Flagicon image|Flag of South Korea (1949–1984).svg}} '''កូរ៉េខាងត្បូង'''៖<br />៤៨,០០០ ក្នុងមួយឆ្នាំ (១៩៦៥–១៩៧៣ ដោយចំនួនសរុប ៣២០,០០០) * {{Flagdeco|ថៃ|1939}} '''ថៃ'''៖ ៣២,០០០ ក្នុងមួយឆ្នាំ (១៩៦៥–១៩៧៣)<br />(នៅវៀតណាម<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vietnam War Allied Troop Levels 1960–73 |url=http://www.americanwarlibrary.com/vietnam/vwatl.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802134052/http://www.americanwarlibrary.com/vietnam/vwatl.htm |archive-date=2 August 2016 |access-date=9 March 2026 |archivedate=2 សីហា 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802134052/http://www.americanwarlibrary.com/vietnam/vwatl.htm }}, accessed 9 March 2026</ref> និងឡាវ){{Citation needed|date=March 2026}} * {{Flagdeco|អូស្ត្រាលី}} '''អូស្ត្រាលី'''៖ ៥០,១៩០ សរុប<br />(ចំនួនកំពូល៖ ៨,៣០០)<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Doyle |first1=Jeff |last2=Grey |first2=Jeffrey |last3=Pierce |first3=Peter |date=2002 |title=Australia's Vietnam War – A Select Chronology of Australian Involvement in the Vietnam War |url=https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/14206/3/14206_Doyle_et_al_2002_Back_Pages.pdf |publisher=Texas A&M University Press|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110165929/https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/14206/3/14206_Doyle_et_al_2002_Back_Pages.pdf|archive-date=November 10, 2022}}</ref> * {{Flagdeco|នូវែលសេឡង់}} '''នូវែលសេឡង់'''៖ ចំនួនកំពូល៖ ៥៥២ ក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៦៨<ref name=Blackburn>{{cite book|last=Blackburn|first=Robert M.|title=Mercenaries and Lyndon Johnson's "More Flage": The Hiring of Korean, Filipino, and Thai Soldiers in the Vietnam War|publisher=McFarland|year=1994|isbn=0-89950-931-2}}</ref>{{rp|158}} * {{Flagdeco|ហ្វីលីពីន|1919}} '''ហ្វីលីពីន'''៖ ២,០៦១ {{Endplainlist}} |strength1 = '''≈៨៦០,០០០ (១៩៦៧)''' {{Plainlist}} * {{Flagdeco|វៀតណាមខាងជើង}} '''វៀតណាមខាងជើង'''៖<br />៦៩០,០០០ (រួមមាន [[កងទ័ពប្រជាជនវៀតណាម|កងទ័ពប្រជាជន]] និងវៀតកុងក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៦៦){{Refn|group=ស|យោងទៅតាមប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រផ្លូវការទីក្រុងហាណូយ វៀតកុងគឺជាស្ថាប័នមួយក្រោមកងទ័ពប្រជាជនវៀតណាម។<ref>{{Harvnb|Military History Institute of Vietnam|2002|p=182}}. "By the end of 1966 the total strength of our armed forces was 690,000 soldiers."</ref>}} * {{Flagdeco|សាធារណរដ្ឋវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង}} '''វៀតកុង'''៖<br />~២០០,០០០ (ចំនួនប៉ាន់ស្មានឆ្នាំ១៩៦៨)<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Doyle |first1=Edward |title=The Vietnam Experience The North |last2=Lipsman |first2=Samuel |last3=Maitland |first3=Terence |publisher=Time Life Education |year=1986 |isbn=978-0-939526-21-5 |pages=45–49}}</ref> * {{Flagdeco|ចិន|1949}} '''ចិន'''៖<br />១៧០,០០០ (១៩៦៨)<br />សរុប ៣២០,០០០<ref name="Toledo Blade 320,000 Chinese troops">{{Cite news |date=16 May 1989 |title=China admits 320,000 troops fought in Vietnam |work=Toledo Blade |agency=Reuters |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19890516&id=HkRPAAAAIBAJ&pg=3769,1925460 |access-date=9 March 2026 |archive-date=2 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702034430/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19890516&id=HkRPAAAAIBAJ&pg=3769,1925460 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Roy">{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Denny |url=https://archive.org/details/chinasforeignrel0000royd/page/27 |title=China's Foreign Relations |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-8476-9013-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/chinasforeignrel0000royd/page/27 27]}}</ref><ref name="Womack">{{Cite book |last=Womack |first=Brantly |title=China and Vietnam |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-521-61834-2 |page=[{{GBurl|id=GaZvX2BzeegC|p=176}} 179]|publisher=Cambridge University Press }}</ref> * {{Flagdeco|កម្ពុជា|1975}} '''ខ្មែរក្រហម'''៖<br />៧០,០០០ (១៩៧២)<ref name="Tucker">{{Cite book |last=Tucker |first=Spencer C |title=The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-85109-960-3}}</ref>{{Rp|376}} * {{Flagdeco|ឡាវ}} '''ប៉ៈថេតឡាវ''':<br />៤៨,០០០ (១៩៧០)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Area Handbook Series Laos |url=http://www.country-data.com/frd/cs/laos/la_glos.html#Lao |access-date=9 March 2026 |archive-date=7 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307033933/http://www.country-data.com/frd/cs/laos/la_glos.html#Lao |url-status=live }}</ref> * {{Flagdeco|សហភាពសូវៀត}} '''សហភាពសូវៀត'''៖ ~៣,០០០<ref>{{Cite book |last=O'Ballance |first=Edgar |title=Tracks of the bear: Soviet imprints in the seventies |publisher=Presidio |year=1982 |isbn=978-0-89141-133-8 |page=171}}</ref> * {{Flagdeco|កូរ៉េខាងជើង|1948}} '''កូរ៉េខាងជើង'''៖ ២០០<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pham Thi Thu Thuy |date=1 August 2013 |title=The colorful history of North Korea-Vietnam relations |work=[[NK News]] |url=https://www.nknews.org/2013/08/the-colorful-history-of-north-korea-vietnam-relations/ |access-date=9 March 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424055821/http://www.nknews.org/2013/08/the-colorful-history-of-north-korea-vietnam-relations/|archive-date=April 24, 2015}}</ref> {{Endplainlist}} |commander2 = {{Plainlist}} * {{flagicon|វៀតណាមខាងត្បូង}} [[ង៉ូ ឌិញឌៀម]] {{Assassinated|ការចាប់ខ្លួន និងឃាតកម្មលើង៉ូ ឌិញឌៀម}} * {{flagicon|វៀតណាមខាងត្បូង}} [[ង្វៀន វ៉ាន់ធៀវ]] * {{flagicon|វៀតណាមខាងត្បូង}} [[ង្វៀន កាវកី]] * {{flagicon|សហរដ្ឋ}} [[ដ្វាយត៍ ឌី អាយសិនហោវើ]] * {{flagicon|សហរដ្ឋ}} [[ចន ភ្វីតចឺរ៉ល្ដ ខេនណឹឌី|ចន ផ្វ. ខេនណឹឌី]] {{Assassinated|ឃាតកម្មចន ភ្វីតចឺរ៉ល្ដ ខេនណឹឌី}} * {{flagicon|សហរដ្ឋ}} [[លីនដឹន បេន ចនសុន|លីនដឹន ប. ចនសុន]] * {{flagicon|សហរដ្ឋ}} [[រីឆាដ និចសុន]] * {{flagicon|សហរដ្ឋ}} [[រ៉ូបឺត ស៉្ទ្រេង មាំខណឺមែរ៉ា|រ៉ូបឺត​ មាំខណឺមែរ៉ា]] * {{flagicon|សហរដ្ឋ}} [[មែលវីន ឡ៊ែរដ៍]] * {{flagicon|សហរដ្ឋ}} [[វ៉ឹល្លៀម វ៉ិសស្មលែន្ត៍]] * {{flagicon|សហរដ្ឋ}} [[ខ្រាយអឹន វ៉ឹល្លៀម អេប៊្រែមស៍|ខ្រាយអឹន អេប្រែមស៍]] * [[មេដឹកនាំនៃសង្គ្រាមវៀតណាម|...''និងមេដឹកនាំដទៃទៀត'']] {{Endplainlist}} |commander1 = {{Plainlist}} * {{flagicon|វៀតណាមខាងជើង}} [[ហូ ជីមិញ]] * {{flagicon|វៀតណាមខាងជើង}} [[ឡេ ស៊ួន]] * {{flagicon|វៀតណាមខាងជើង}} [[វ៉ក ង្វៀនសាប]] * {{flagicon|វៀតណាមខាងជើង}} [[ហ្វាម វ៉ាន់ដុង]] * {{flagicon|សាធារណរដ្ឋវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង}} [[ជិន វ៉ាន់ចា]] * [[មេដឹកនាំនៃសង្គ្រាមវៀតណាម|...''និងមេដឹកនាំដទៃទៀត'']] {{Endplainlist}} |casualties2 = {{Plainlist}} * '''{{Flagu|វៀតណាមខាងត្បូង}}'''៖<br />'''ស្លាប់៖'''<br/>១៩៥,០០០–៤៣០,០០០ (ស៊ីវិល)<ref name=Hirschman/><ref name="Lewy">{{Cite book |last=Lewy |first=Guenter |title=America in Vietnam |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1978 |isbn=978-0-19-987423-1 |author-link=Guenter Lewy}}</ref>{{Rp|450–453}}{{sfn|Thayer|1985}}<br />៣១៣,០០០ (យោធិនសរុប)<ref name="Rummel">{{Citation |last=Rummel |first=R. J. |title=Vietnam Democide |url=http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.TAB6.1A.GIF |work=Freedom, Democracy, Peace; Power, Democide, and War, University of Hawaii System |year=1997 |format=GIF|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313125242/http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.TAB6.1A.GIF|archive-date=March 13, 2023}}</ref>(ក្នុងនោះមាន ២៥៤,២៥៦ នាក់ស្លាប់ក្នុងសមរភូមិ (រវាងឆ្នាំ១៩៦០ និងឆ្នាំ១៩៧៤)<ref name="Clarke">{{Cite book |last=Clarke |first=Jeffrey J. |title=United States Army in Vietnam: Advice and Support: The Final Years, 1965–1973 |publisher=Center of Military History, United States Army |year=1988 |quote=The Army of the Republic of Vietnam suffered 254,256 recorded combat deaths between 1960 and 1974, with the highest number of recorded deaths being in 1972, with 39,587 combat deaths}}</ref>{{Rp|275}}<br/>'''របួស៖''' ១,១៧០,០០០ (យោធិន)<ref name=Tucker/>{{Rp|}}<br />'''ចាប់ខ្លួន៖''' ≈១,០០០,០០០<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hosmer |first1=Stephen T. |last2=Jenkins |first2=Brian Michael |last3=Kellen |first3=Konrad |title=The Fall of South Vietnam: Statements by Vietnamese Military and Civilian Leaders |date=1978 |publisher=Rand |isbn=978-0-8330-0045-3 |oclc=855302546 |url=https://www.rand.org/pubs/reports/R2208.html }}{{page needed|date=May 2025}}</ref> * '''{{Flagu|សហរដ្ឋ|1960}}'''៖<br />៥៨,២៨១ នាក់បានបាត់បង់ជីវិត<ref name="2new">{{Cite press release |title=2021 NAME ADDITIONS AND STATUS CHANGES ON THE VIETNAM VETERANS MEMORIAL |date=4 May 2021 |url=https://www.vvmf.org/News/2021-Name-Additions-and-Status-Changes-on-the-Vietnam-Veterans-Memorial/ |author=Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429132111/https://www.vvmf.org/News/2021-Name-Additions-and-Status-Changes-on-the-Vietnam-Veterans-Memorial/|archive-date=April 29, 2023}}</ref> (៤៧,៤៣៤ ក្នុងសមរភូមិ)<ref>{{Citation |title=National Archives–Vietnam War US Military Fatal Casualties |date=15 August 2016 |url=https://www.archives.gov/research/military/vietnam-war/casualty-statistics#hostile |access-date=29 July 2020 |archive-date=26 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526173917/https://www.archives.gov/research/military/vietnam-war/casualty-statistics#hostile |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[https://www.archives.gov/research/military/vietnam-war/casualty-statistics#hostile "Vietnam War U.S. Military Fatal Casualty Statistics: HOSTILE OR NON-HOSTILE DEATH INDICATOR."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526173917/https://www.archives.gov/research/military/vietnam-war/casualty-statistics#hostile |date=26 May 2020 }} US National Archives. 29 April 2008. Accessed 9 March 2026.</ref><br />៣០៣,៦៤៤ នាក់បានរងរបួស * '''{{Flagu|ឡាវ|1952}}'''៖ ទាហានប្រមាណ​១៥,០០០ នាក់បានបាត់បង់ជីវិត<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lomperis |first1=Timothy J. |title=From People's War to People's Rule: Insurgency, Intervention, and the Lessons of Vietnam |date=1996 |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |isbn=978-0-8078-2273-9 }}</ref> * '''{{Flagdeco|កម្ពុជា|1970}}''' '''សាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរ'''៖ គ្មានទិន្នន័យ * '''{{Flagicon image|Flag of South Korea (1949–1984).svg}}''' '''កូរ៉េខាងត្បូង'''៖ ៥,០៩៩ នាក់បានបាត់បង់ជីវិត, ១០,៩៦២ នាក់បានរងរបួស និង ៤ នាក់បានបាត់ខ្លួន * '''{{Flagu|អូស្ត្រាលី}}'''៖ ៥២៦ បានបាត់បង់ជីវិត និង ៣,១២៩ នាក់បានរងរបួស<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dva.gov.au/news/latest-stories/remembering-those-who-served-in-the-vietnam-war |title=Remembering those who served in the Vietnam War |access-date=2026-03-09 |year=2025 |publisher=Australian Government - Department of Veterans' Affairs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Australian casualties in the Vietnam War, 1962–72 |url=http://www.awm.gov.au/encyclopedia/vietnam/statistics |access-date=9 March 2026 |publisher=Australian War Memorial|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214111653/https://www.awm.gov.au/articles/encyclopedia/vietnam/statistics|archive-date=February 14, 2023}}</ref> * '''{{Flagu|ថៃ|1939}}'''៖ ៣៥១ នាក់បានបាត់បង់ជីវិត<ref name=Tucker/>{{Rp|}} * '''{{Flagu|នូវែលសេឡង់}}'''៖ ៣៧ នាក់បានបាត់បង់ជីវិត<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 1965 |title=Overview of the war in Vietnam |url=http://vietnamwar.govt.nz/resources |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726010609/http://vietnamwar.govt.nz/resources |archive-date=26 July 2013 |access-date=9 March 2026 |publisher=New Zealand and the Vietnam War |archivedate=26 កក្កដា 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726010609/http://vietnamwar.govt.nz/resources }}</ref> * '''{{Flagu|តៃវ៉ាន់}}'''៖ ២៥ នាក់បានបាត់បង់ជីវិត<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2013 |title=America Wasn't the Only Foreign Power in the Vietnam War |url=http://militaryhistorynow.com/2013/10/02/the-international-vietnam-war-the-other-world-powers-that-fought-in-south-east-asia/ |access-date=9 March 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418045659/http://militaryhistorynow.com/2013/10/02/the-international-vietnam-war-the-other-world-powers-that-fought-in-south-east-asia/|archive-date=April 18, 2023}}</ref><br />១៧​ នាក់បានចាប់ខ្លួន<ref>{{cite news |id={{ProQuest|115866424}} |title=Vietnam Reds Said to Hold 17 From Taiwan as Spies |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/07/13/archives/vietnam-reds-said-to-hold-17-from-taiwan-as-spies.html |work=The New York Times |date=13 July 1964 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307170856/https://www.nytimes.com/1964/07/13/archives/vietnam-reds-said-to-hold-17-from-taiwan-as-spies.html |archive-date=March 7, 2023 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live }}</ref> * '''{{flagdeco|ហ្វីលីពីន|1919}}''' '''ហ្វីលីពីន'''៖ ៩ នាក់បានបាត់បង់ជីវិត<ref>{{cite book |last1=Larsen |first1=Stanley Robert |last2=Collins, Jr. |first2=James Lawton |title=Allied Participation in Vietnam |date=2005 |url=https://history.army.mil/Portals/143/Images/Publications/Publication%20By%20Title%20Images/A%20Titles%20PDF/CMH_Pub_90-5-1.pdf?ver=kNA54nobZmjnmnuA6dNRng%3d%3d }}</ref> ៦៤ នាក់បានរងរបួស<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 1970 |title=Asian Allies in Vietnam |url=http://175thengineers.homestead.com/Philcav.pdf |access-date=9 March 2026 |publisher=Embassy of South Vietnam|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521032045/http://175thengineers.homestead.com/Philcav.pdf|archive-date=May 21, 2023}}</ref> {{Endplainlist}} '''ចំនួនយោធិនស្លាប់សរុប<br />៣៣៣,៦២៥ (១៩៦០–១៩៧៤) – ៣៩២,៣៦៩ (សរុប)'''<br />'''ចំនួនយោធិនរបួស៖<br />≈១,៣៤០,០០០+'''<ref name=Tucker/>{{Rp|}}<br />'''ចំនួនយោធិនចាប់ខ្លួនសរុប៖<br /> ១,០០០,០០០+ (ចំ.ប៉ា.ស្ម)''' |casualties1 = {{Plainlist}} * {{Flagdeco|វៀតណាមខាងជើង}}{{Flagdeco|សាធារណរដ្ឋវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង}} '''វៀតណាមខាងជើង និងវៀតកុង'''៖<br />'''ស្លាប់'''៖<br/>៣០,០០០–១៨២,០០០ (ស៊ីវិល)<ref name=Tucker/>{{Rp|176}}<ref name="Hirschman">{{cite journal |last1=Hirschman |first1=Charles |last2=Preston |first2=Samuel |last3=Loi |first3=Vu Manh |title=Vietnamese Casualties During the American War: A New Estimate |journal=Population and Development Review |date=1995 |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=783–812 |doi=10.2307/2137774 |jstor=2137774 }}</ref><ref name=Lewy/>{{Rp|450–453}}<ref name=bfvietnam>{{Cite web |title=Battlefield:Vietnam – Timeline |url=http://www.pbs.org/battlefieldvietnam/timeline/index2.html |publisher=PBS|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604101618/http://www.pbs.org/battlefieldvietnam/timeline/index2.html|archive-date=June 4, 2023}}</ref><br />៨៤៩,០១៨ (យោធិនផ្អែកតាមប្រភពវៀតណាម ដោយក្នុងនោះ ១/៣ ជាអសេនិកជន)<ref name="Moyar, Mark" /><ref name="Chuyen">{{Cite web |title=(ជាភាសាវៀតណាម) Chuyên đề 4 CÔNG TÁC TÌM KIẾM, QUY TẬP HÀI CỐT LIỆT SĨ TỪ NAY ĐẾN NĂM 2020 VÀ NHỮNG NĂM TIẾP THEO |url=http://datafile.chinhsachquandoi.gov.vn/Qu%E1%BA%A3n%20l%C3%BD%20ch%E1%BB%89%20%C4%91%E1%BA%A1o/Chuy%C3%AAn%20%C4%91%E1%BB%81%204.doc |access-date=9 March 2026 |website=Datafile.chinhsachquandoi.gov.vn|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404230151/http://datafile.chinhsachquandoi.gov.vn/Qu%E1%BA%A3n%20l%C3%BD%20ch%E1%BB%89%20%C4%91%E1%BA%A1o/Chuy%C3%AAn%20%C4%91%E1%BB%81%204.doc|archive-date=April 4, 2023}}</ref><ref name="VNMOD">{{Cite web |title=(ជាភាសាវៀតណាម) Công tác tìm kiếm, quy tập hài cốt liệt sĩ từ nay đến năm 2020 và những năn tiếp theo |url=http://chinhsachquandoi.gov.vn/tinbai/309/Tap-huan-cong-tac-chinh-sach |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181217065036/http://chinhsachquandoi.gov.vn/tinbai/309/Tap-huan-cong-tac-chinh-sach |archive-date=17 December 2018 |access-date=9 March 2026 |publisher=[[ក្រសួងការពារជាតិ (វៀតណាម)|ក្រសួងការពារជាតិ]] រដ្ឋាភិបាលវៀតណាម |archivedate=17 ធ្នូ 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181217065036/http://chinhsachquandoi.gov.vn/tinbai/309/Tap-huan-cong-tac-chinh-sach }}</ref><br />៦៦៦,០០០–៩៥០,៧៦៥ (ចំនួនប៉ាន់ស្មានដោយ ស.រ.អ ១៩៦៤–១៩៧៤){{Refn|ចំនួនប៉ាន់ស្មាននេះអាចត្រូវបានរាប់លើសប្រមាណ ៣០% បើប្រៀននឹងតួលេខទាប<ref name=Hirschman/><ref name=Lewy/>{{Rp|450–453}}|name=USclaim|group=ស}}<ref name=Hirschman/><ref name=Lewy/>{{Rp|450–451}}<br />'''បាត់ខ្លួន'''៖ យោធិន ២៣២,០០០+ (តួលេខរបស់វៀតណាម)<ref name="Moyar, Mark">Moyar, Mark. "Triumph Regained: The Vietnam War, 1965–1968". Encounter Books, December 2022. Chapter 17 index: "Communists provided further corroboration of the proximity of their casualty figures to American figures in a postwar disclosure of total losses from 1960 to 1975. During that period, they stated, they lost 849,018 killed plus approximately 232,000 missing and 463,000 wounded. Casualties fluctuated considerably from year to year, but a degree of accuracy can be inferred from the fact that 500,000 was 59 percent of the 849,018 total and that 59 percent of the war's days had passed by the time of Fallaci's conversation with Giap. The killed in action figure comes from "Special Subject 4: The Work of Locating and Recovering the Remains of Martyrs From Now Until 2020 And Later Years, "downloaded from the Vietnamese government website datafile on 1 December 2017. The above figures on missing and wounded were calculated using Hanoi's declared casualty ratios for the period of 1945 to 1979, during which time the Communists incurred 1.1 million killed, 300,000 missing, and 600,000 wounded. Ho Khang, ed, ''Lich Su Khang Chien Chong My, Cuu Nuoc 1954–1975, Tap VIII: Toan Thang'' (Hanoi: Nha Xuat Ban Chinh Tri Quoc Gia, 2008), 463."</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Joseph Babcock |date=29 April 2019 |title=Lost Souls: The Search for Vietnam's 300,000 or More MIAs |url=https://pulitzercenter.org/stories/lost-souls-search-vietnams-300000-or-more-mias |access-date=9 March 2026 |website=Pulitzer Centre|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110165934/https://pulitzercenter.org/stories/lost-souls-search-vietnams-300000-or-more-mias|archive-date=November 10, 2022}}</ref><br />'''របួស'''៖ យោធិន ៦០០,០០០+ បានរបួស<ref name="Hastings">{{Cite book |last=Hastings |first=Max |title=Vietnam an epic tragedy, 1945–1975 |publisher=Harper Collins |year=2018 |isbn=978-0-06-240567-8}}</ref>{{Rp|739}} * '''{{Flagdeco|កម្ពុជា|1975}}''' '''ខ្មែរក្រហម'''៖ គ្មានទិន្នន័យ * '''{{Flagicon|ឡាវ}}''' '''ប៉ៈថេតឡាវ'''៖ គ្មានទិន្នន័យ * '''{{Flagu|ចិន|1949}}'''៖ ~១,១០០ នាក់បានបាត់បង់ជីវិត និង ៤,២០០ នាក់បានរងរបួស<ref name=Womack/> * '''{{Flagu|សហភាពសូវៀត}}'''៖ ១៦ នាក់បានបាត់បង់ជីវិត<ref>{{Cite book |last1=James F. Dunnigan |title=Dirty Little Secrets of the Vietnam War: Military Information You're Not Supposed to Know |last2=Albert A. Nofi |publisher=Macmillan |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-312-25282-3 |author-link2=Albert A. Nofi}}</ref> * '''{{Flagu|កូរ៉េខាងជើង|1948}}'''៖ ១៤ នាក់បានបាត់បង់ជីវិត<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 March 2000 |title=North Korea fought in Vietnam War |work=BBC News Online |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/696970.stm |access-date=9 March 2026|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312063506/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/696970.stm|archive-date=March 12, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/publication/NKIDP_eDossier_2_North_Korean_Pilots_in_Vietnam_War.pdf|title=North Korean Pilots in the Skies over Vietnam|last=Pribbenow|first=Merle|publisher=Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars|date=November 2011|access-date=9 March 2026|page=1|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605173651/https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/publication/NKIDP_eDossier_2_North_Korean_Pilots_in_Vietnam_War.pdf|archive-date=June 5, 2023}}</ref> '''ចំនួនស្លាប់/បាត់ខ្លួនយោធិនសរុប៖<br />≈១,១០០,០០០'''<br />'''ចំនួនយោធិនរបួសសរុប<br />≈៦០៤,២០០'''<br />(ដោយមិនរាប់ [[រាជរដ្ឋាភិបាលរួបរួមជាតិកម្ពុជា]]/[[ខ្មែរក្រហម]] និង[[ប៉ៈថេតឡាវ]]) {{Endplainlist}} |casualties3 = {{Plainlist}} * '''អសេនិកជនវៀតណាមស្លាប់'''៖ ៤០៥,០០០–២,០០០,០០០<ref name=Lewy/>{{Rp|450–453}}<ref name="Shenon">{{Cite news |last=Shenon |first=Philip |date=23 April 1995 |title=20 Years After Victory, Vietnamese Communists Ponder How to Celebrate |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/23/world/20-years-after-victory-vietnamese-communists-ponder-how-to-celebrate.html |access-date=24 February 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527230912/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/23/world/20-years-after-victory-vietnamese-communists-ponder-how-to-celebrate.html|archive-date=May 27, 2023 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="Obermeyer">{{Cite journal |last1=Obermeyer |first1=Ziad |last2=Murray |first2=Christopher J. L. |last3=Gakidou |first3=Emmanuela |date=23 April 2008 |title=Fifty years of violent war deaths from Vietnam to Bosnia: analysis of data from the world health survey programme |journal=British Medical Journal |volume=336 |issue=7659 |pages=1482–1486 |doi=10.1136/bmj.a137 |pmc=2440905 |pmid=18566045 }}</ref> * '''វៀតណាមស្លាប់សរុប'''៖ ៩៦៦,០០០<ref name=Hirschman/>–៣,០១០,០០០<ref name=Obermeyer/> * '''សង្គ្រាមរដ្ឋប្បវេណីកម្ពុជាស្លាប់'''៖ ២៧៥,០០០–៣១០,០០០<ref name="Heuveline">{{Cite book |last=Heuveline |first=Patrick |title=Forced Migration and Mortality |publisher=National Academies Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-309-07334-9 |pages=102–104, 120, 124 |chapter=The Demographic Analysis of Mortality Crises: The Case of Cambodia, 1970–1979 }}</ref><ref name="Banister">{{Cite book |last1=Banister |first1=Judith |url=https://archive.org/details/genocidedemocrac00kier |title=Genocide and Democracy in Cambodia: The Khmer Rouge, the United Nations and the International Community |last2=Johnson |first2=E. Paige |publisher=Yale University Southeast Asia Studies |year=1993 |isbn=978-0-938692-49-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/genocidedemocrac00kier/page/97 97] |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref name="Sliwinski">{{Cite book |last=Sliwinski |first=Marek |title=(ជាភាសាបារាំង) Le Génocide Khmer Rouge: Une Analyse Démographique |publisher=L'Harmattan |year=1995 |isbn=978-2-7384-3525-5 |pages=42–43, 48 }}</ref> * '''សង្គ្រាមរដ្ឋប្បវេណីឡាវស្លាប់'''៖ ២០,០០០–៦២,០០០<ref name=Obermeyer/> * '''យោធិនមិនមែនឥណ្ឌូចិនស្លាប់សរុប'''៖ ៦៥,៤៩៤ * '''សរុបស្លាប់'''៖ ១,៣២៦,៤៩៤–៣,៤៤៧,៤៩៤ * សូមមើល [[#សហេតុភាព|សហេតុភាព]]​ខាងក្រោម <br> ចំពោះព័ត៌មានបន្ថែម សូមមើល [[សហេតុភាពសង្គ្រាមវៀតណាម]] {{Endplainlist}} }} '''សង្គ្រាមវៀតណាម''' ([[ភាសាវៀតណាម]]៖ Chiến tranh Việt Nam) គឺជា[[សង្គ្រាមតំណាង|ជម្លោះយោធា]]សម័យ[[សង្គ្រាមត្រជាក់]]ដែលបានកើតឡើងនៅក្នុងប្រទេស[[វៀតណាម]] [[ឡាវ]] និង[[កម្ពុជា]]ចាប់ពីថ្ងៃ១ ខែវិច្ឆិកា ឆ្នាំ១៩៥៥ រហូតដល់ថ្ងៃទី៣០ ខែ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​មេសា ឆ្នាំ១៩៧៥ ក្រោយពី[[ការដួលរលំនៃទីក្រុងសៃហ្គន|ទីក្រុងសៃហ្គនបានធ្លាក់]]ទៅក្រោមការគ្រប់គ្រងរបស់វៀតណាមកុម្មុយនីស្ត។ សង្គ្រាមនេះបានបន្តពី[[សង្គ្រាមឥណ្ឌូចិនលើកទី១|សង្គ្រាមឥណ្ឌូចិនលើកទីមួយ]] និងត្រូវបានប្រយុទ្ធគ្នារវាង[[វៀតណាមខាងជើង]] គាំទ្រដោយសម្ព័ន្ធមិត្តកុម្មុយនីស្តរបស់ខ្លួន និងរដ្ឋាភិបាល[[វៀតណាមខាងត្បូង]] គាំទ្រដោយ[[សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក]] និងបណ្ដាប្រទេស[[បដិកុម្មុយនីស្តនិយម|ប្រឆាំងកុម្មុយនីស្ត]]។<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |title=Vietnam War |quote=Meanwhile, the United States, its military demoralized and its civilian electorate deeply divided, began a process of coming to terms with defeat in its longest and most controversial war |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/628478/Vietnam-War |accessdate=5 March 2008}}</ref> សង្គ្រាមវៀតណាមគឺជា[[សង្គ្រាមឯករាជ្យភាព|សង្គ្រាមរំដោះជាតិ]]មួយដែលកើតឡើងក្រោយសម័យអាណានិគម ក៏ដូចជាជម្លោះមួយនៅក្នុងសង្គ្រាមត្រជាក់ និងជា[[សង្គ្រាមស៊ីវិល]]។<ref name="Miller 2024">{{cite book |last=Miller |first=Edward |chapter=Introduction: Points of Departure – The Global and Local Origins of the Vietnam War |pages=8–23 |editor-last=Miller |editor-first=Edward |title=The Cambridge History of the Vietnam War, Volume I: Origins |date=2024 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/9781316225240.002 |doi-access= |isbn=9781316225240 }}</ref> អន្តរាគមន៍យោធាដោយផ្ទាល់ពីសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកនៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៦៥ បានធ្វើឱ្យសង្គ្រាមនេះវិវត្តកាន់តែគ្រោះថ្នាក់សាហាវជាងមុន ហើយបានបន្តរហូតដល់ឆ្នាំ១៩៧៣ នៅពេលដែលកងកម្លាំងអាមេរិកបានដកថយចេញពីវៀតណាម។ ជម្លោះសង្គ្រាមនេះបានរីករាលបង្កជាសង្គ្រាមរដ្ឋប្បវេណីទៅក្នុងប្រទេស[[សង្គ្រាមផ្ទៃក្នុងកម្ពុជា|កម្ពុជា]] និង[[សង្គ្រាមផ្ទៃក្នុងឡាវ|ឡាវ]] ហើយជម្លោះទាំងបីបានបិទបញ្ចប់នៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៧៥ នៅពេលដែលរដ្ឋប្រទេសទាំងបីបានធ្លាក់ក្រោម[[លទ្ធិកុម្មុយនិស្ត|របបកុម្មុយនីស្ត]]។ បន្ទាប់ពី[[សហភាពឥណ្ឌូចិន|សហភាពបារាំង]]បានចាញ់[[សង្គ្រាមឥណ្ឌូចិនលើកទី១]] ដែលបានចាប់ផ្ដើមនៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៤៦ ប្រទេសវៀតណាមក៏បានទទួលឯករាជ្យតាមរយៈ[[សន្និសីទទីក្រុងហ្សឺណែវឆ្នាំ១៩៥៤]] ប៉ុន្តែទឹកដីប្រទេសវៀតណាមត្រូវបានគេបំបែកទៅជាពីរផ្នែកត្រង់[[ខ្សែស្របខាងជើងទី១៧|ខ្សែស្របទី១៧]]៖ ក្រុម[[វៀតមិញ]]ក្រោម[[ហូ ជីមិញ]]បានគ្រប់គ្រងទឹកដីប៉ែកខាងជើង ខណៈប៉ែកខាងត្បូងស្ថិតក្រោម[[ង៉ូ ឌិញឌៀម]] គាំទ្រដោយសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក។ វៀតណាមខាងជើងបានចាប់ផ្ដើមផ្គត់ផ្គង់ និងបញ្ជា[[វៀតកុង]] (វ.ក.) ដែលជារណសិរ្សរួមកុម្មុយនីស្តមួយនៅភាគខាងត្បូងប្រទេស​ រហូតដល់មានសមត្ថភាពបន្ទុះសង្គ្រាមទ័ពព្រៃនៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៥៧។ នៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៥៨ វៀតណាមខាងជើងបានជ្រៀត[[ការឈ្លានពានរបស់វៀតណាមខាងជើងលើឡាវ|ចូលឈ្លានពានប្រទេសឡាវ]] និងបង្កើត[[ផ្លូវលំហូជីមិញ]]ឡើងដើម្បីជាច្រកផ្គត់ផ្គង់ភស្តុភារដល់វៀតកុង។ គិតត្រឹមឆ្នាំ១៩៦៣ វៀតណាមខាងជើងបានបញ្ជូនទាហានខ្លួនសរុបប្រមាណ ៤០,០០០ នាក់ ប្រដាប់ដោយអាវុធកាំភ្លើងចិននិងសូវៀត ទៅគាំទ្រកុបកម្មវៀតកុងនៅភាគខាងត្បូង។ ប្រធានាធិបតីអាមេរិក [[ចន ភ្វីតចឺរ៉ល្ដ ខេនណឹឌី|ចន ផ្វ. ខេនណឹឌី]]បានបង្កើនអន្តរាគមន៍របស់សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកនៅក្នុងសង្គ្រាមដោយពង្រីកចំនួនទីប្រឹក្សាយោធាពី ៩០០ នាក់នៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៦០ ដល់ ១៦,០០០ នាក់នៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៦៣ ហើយបានបញ្ជូនជំនួយបន្ថែមទៀតទៅ[[កងទ័ពនៃសាធារណរដ្ឋវៀតណាម]] (ក.ទ.ស.វ.) ប៉ុន្តែយ៉ាងណា លទ្ធផលមិនផ្ដល់ផ្លែផ្កាដូចការប៉ងឡើយ។ នៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៦៣ ឌៀមបានស្លាប់បាត់បង់ជីវិត ជាលទ្ធផលនៃ[[រដ្ឋប្រហារវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងឆ្នាំ១៩៦៣|រដ្ឋប្រហារយោធា]] ដែលគាំទ្រដោយអាមេរិក និងជាកត្តាបង្កអស្ថិរភាពបន្ថែមដល់វៀតណាមខាងត្បូង។ បន្ទាប់ពី[[ឧប្បត្តិហេតុឈូងសមុទ្រតុងកឹង]]ក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៦៤ [[រដ្ឋសភា (សហរដ្ឋ)|រដ្ឋសភាអាមេរិក]]បានអនុម័តសេចក្តីសម្រេចមួយដែលប្រគល់សិទ្ធិអំណាចដល់លោកប្រធានាធិបតី [[លីនដឹន បេន ចនសុន|លីនដឹន ប. ចនសុន]] ក្នុងការបង្កើនវត្តមានយោធាដោយមិនចាំបាច់ប្រកាសសង្គ្រាម។ ប្រធានាធិបតីចនសុនបានបញ្ជាប្រតិបត្តិយុទ្ធនាការទម្លាក់គ្រាប់បែកនៅវៀតណាមខាងជើង ហើយបានបញ្ជូនកងទ័ពប្រយុទ្ធបន្ថែមមកវៀតណាម ដោយចំនួនពលទាហានអាមេរិកបានកើនពី ១៨៤,០០០ នាក់ក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៦៦ ឡើងមកដល់ ៥៣៦,០០០ នាក់នៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៦៩។ កងកម្លាំងអាមេរិកបានពឹងផ្អែកលើ[[បរមភាពអាកាស|ឧត្តមភាពអាកាស]] និង កម្លាំងបាញ់ប្រហារលើសលប់ដើម្បីធ្វើប្រតិបត្តិការ[[ស្វែងរកនិងកម្ទេច]]នៅក្នុងសមរភូមិទីជនបទ។ កងកម្លាំងកុម្មុយនីស្តវិញបានប្រយុទ្ធដោយផ្អែកលើ[[សង្គ្រាមកិច្ចទ័ពព្រៃ|យុទ្ធសាស្ត្រសង្គ្រាមទ័ពព្រៃ]]នៅតាមទីជនបទ ក៏ដូចជាក្នុងព្រៃស្បាត។ នៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៦៨ កម្លាំងកុម្មុយនីស្តវៀតណាមក្រោមបញ្ជាការលោក[[ឡេ ស៊ួន]]បានបើក[[ការវាយលុកតេត]] ​ប៉ុន្តែត្រូវរងការបរាជ័យជាយុទ្ធសាស្ត្រ។ យ៉ាងណាក្ដី យុទ្ធនាការដែលផ្ដួចផ្ដើមដោយវៀតណាមខាងជើងមួយនេះបានបើកភ្នែកប្រជាជនអាមេរិកឱ្យឃើញថាខ្លួនមិនអាចឈ្នះសង្គ្រាមនេះងាយៗដូចការគិតនោះទេ។ ប្រធានាធិបតីអាមេរិកបន្តអាណត្តិពីចនសុនគឺ [[រីឆាដ និចសុន]] បានបង្វែរមកអនុវត្តគោលនយោបាយ[[វៀតណាមនីយកម្ម]]ចាប់ផ្ដើមនៅឆ្នាំ១៩៦៩ ដែលអនុញ្ញាតឱ្យអាមេរិកដកទ័ពចេញពីវៀតណាមបន្តិចម្ដងៗ និងប្រគល់សមរភូមិប្រយុទ្ធមកឱ្យកងទ័ពវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងវិញ។ ក្រោយ[[រដ្ឋប្រហារកម្ពុជាឆ្នាំ១៩៧០]] កងទ័ពវៀតណាមខាងជើងក៏បានវាយចូលឈ្លានពានប្រទេសកម្ពុជា ហើយជាលទ្ធផល អាមេរិក-វៀតណាមខាងត្បូងក៏បានបើក[[យុទ្ធនាការកម្ពុជា|យុទ្ធនាការយោធាចូលកម្ពុជា]]ដូចគ្នាដើម្បីបង្ក្រាបកម្លាំងវៀតណាមខាងជើង ដោយបង្កបង្កើតជាសង្គ្រាមស៊ីវិលដ៏រ៉ាំរ៉ៃក្នុងប្រទេសកម្ពុជា។ ពលទាហានអាមេរិកភាគច្រើនដែលធ្លាប់មានវត្តមានឈរជើងនិងប្រយុទ្ធនៅវៀតណាមពីមុនត្រូវបានដកចេញស្ទើរទាំងស្រុងគិតមកត្រឹមឆ្នាំ១៩៧៣ ប៉ុន្តែយ៉ាងណា អាមេរិកនៅតែបន្តផ្ដល់ជំនួយយោធាអាកាសជួយកងទ័ពវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងប្រឆាំងនឹងខាងជើង និងវៀតកុង។ ក្រោយ[[កិច្ចព្រមព្រៀងសន្តិភាពទីក្រុងប៉ារីស]]ឆ្នាំ១៩៧៣ កងកម្លាំងអាមេរិកដែលនៅសេសសល់ទាំងប៉ុន្មានត្រូវបានដកចេញពីវៀតណាម។ ទោះជាមានកិច្ចព្រមព្រៀងសន្តិភាពចូលជាធរមានក្ដី តែវាត្រូវបានវៀតណាមខាងជើងរំលោភបំពាន ហើយការប្រយុទ្ធបង្ហូរឈាមគ្នាក៏បានបន្តឡើងវិញរហូតដល់[[ការវាយលុកវស្សានរដូវឆ្នាំ១៩៧៥|យុទ្ធនាការវាយលុកវស្សានរដូវ]]ឆ្នាំ១៩៧៥។ ដោយសារ​តែជាប់ផុងក្នុង​អំពើពុករលួយ ក៏ដូចជាបញ្ហាសេដ្ឋកិច្ច​អស់ជាច្រើនឆ្នាំ​ក្រោមរបប[[ង្វៀន វ៉ាន់ធៀវ|ធៀវ]] ទីក្រុងសៃហ្គនទីបំផុតក៏​បាន[[ការដួលរលំនៃទីក្រុងសៃហ្គន|ធ្លាក់]]ទៅក្នុង​កណ្ដាប់ដៃ​កងទ័ព​ប្រជាជន​វៀតណាម (ក.ប.វ.ណ.) ហើយសង្គ្រាមក៏បានបិទបញ្ចប់ជាផ្លូវការ។ វៀតណាមខាងជើង និងវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង​ត្រូវបានបង្រួបបង្រួមគ្នា​ជាប្រទេសតែមួយនៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៧៦។ សង្គ្រាមនេះបានតម្រូវឱ្យមាន[[សហេតុភាពសង្គ្រាមវៀតណាម|ការចំណាយដ៏ច្រើនសន្ធឹកសន្ធាប់]] ដោយក្នុងនោះ គេប៉ាន់ប្រមាណថា វៀតណាមត្រូវបាត់បង់ជីវិតយោធិន និងអសេនិកជន (ស៊ីវិល) ពី ២៧៥,០០០ នាក់ទៅ ៣ លាននាក់។ ចំពោះកម្ពុជាវិញត្រូវបានបាត់បង់ជីវិតមនុស្សប្រមាណ ២៧៥,០០០–៣១០,០០០ នាក់, ឡាវប្រមាណ ២០,០០០–៦២,០០០ នាក់ និងអាមេរិកចំនួន ៥៨,២២០ នាក់។ សង្គ្រាមនេះផងដែរត្រូវគេកត់សម្គាល់មើលឃើញពីភាពឃោរឃៅជាច្រើនអនេកដូចជា [[ការសម្លាប់រង្គាលនៅហ៊ូអេ|ការសម្លាប់រង្គាល]][[ការសម្លាប់រង្គាលមីឡៃ|ទ្រង់ទ្រាយធំ]]ដែលប្រព្រឹត្តិឡើងដោយភាគីជម្លោះទាំងសងខាង ក៏ដូចជាសកម្មភាពព្រៃផ្សៃជាច្រើនទៀតដូច អំពើភេរវកម្ម ការទម្លាក់គ្រាប់បែកដោយមិនរើសអើង ការរំលោភសេពសន្ថវៈ ការធ្វើទារុណកម្ម និងការបោសសម្អាតជាតិសាសន៍ជាដើម។ ទីបញ្ចប់នៃសង្គ្រាមបានបង្កឱ្យជនជាតិវៀតណាមជាច្រើននាក់រត់ភៀសខ្លួនទៅតាមទូកនៅឯជាយសមុទ្រ និងបង្កើតជា[[វិបត្តិជនភៀសខ្លួនឥណ្ឌូចិន|វិបត្តិជនភៀសខ្លួនដ៏ធំនៅឥណ្ឌូចិន]] ដោយមនុស្សរាប់លាននាក់រត់ចេញពីឥណ្ឌូចិន ហើយក្នុងនោះមានមនុស្សប្រមាណ ២៥០,០០០ នាក់បានបាត់បង់ជីវិតនៅឯផ្ទៃសមុទ្រ។<ref name="Falk-1973" /><ref name="Chiarini-2022">{{Cite journal |first=Giovanni |last=Chiarini |date=1 April 2022 |title=Ecocide: From the Vietnam War to International Criminal Jurisdiction? Procedural Issues In-Between Environmental Science, Climate Change, and Law |ssrn=4072727 |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4072727 |journal=Cork Online Law Review}}</ref> ព្រៃឈើនៅវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងប្រមាណ ២០% ត្រូវរងការបំផ្លិចបំផ្លាញដោយផ្សែងនិង[[មេទឹកក្រូច|សារធាតុតិណឃាតពុល]] បង្កជាបញ្ហាសុខភាពយ៉ាងធ្ងន់ធ្ងរដល់ប្រជាជនក្នុងស្រុក។<ref name="Kolko">{{Cite book |last=Kolko |first=Gabriel |url=https://archive.org/details/anatomyofwarviet00kolk |title=Anatomy of a War: Vietnam, the United States, and the Modern Historical Experience |publisher=Pantheon Books |year=1985 |isbn=978-0-394-74761-3 |url-access=registration}}</ref>{{Rp|១៤៤–១៤៥}}<ref name="Westing-1984">{{Cite book |last=Westing |first=Arthur H. |url={{GBurl|id=4SfwtAEACAAJ}} |title=Herbicides in War: The Long-term Ecological and Human Consequences |date=1984 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |pages=5ff}}</ref> ពួក[[ខ្មែរក្រហម]]បានអនុវត្ត[[ការប្រល័យពូជសាសន៍កម្ពុជា|អំពើប្រល័យពូជសាសន៍]]នៅក្នុងប្រទេសកម្ពុជា ហើយនៅឆ្នាំ១៩៧៨ [[សង្គ្រាមកម្ពុជា-វៀតណាម]]ក៏បានផ្ទុះឡើង។ ជាប្រតិកម្មនឹងការឈ្លានពានរបស់វៀតណាមលើកម្ពុជា ប្រទេសចិនក៏បាន[[ជម្លោះចិន-វៀតណាម (១៩៧៩-១៩៩១)|វាយប្រហារលើវៀតណាម]] នៅតាមបណ្ដោយខ្សែព្រំដែនរហូតដល់ឆ្នាំ១៩៩១។ នៅសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកវិញ សង្គ្រាមនេះបានបង្កើតអ្វីដែលគេហៅថា[[សមាការវៀតណាម]] ពោលគឺអារម្មណ៍ទុទិដ្ឋនិយមក្នុងការលូកដៃប្រឡូកចូលជម្លោះសង្គ្រាមបរទេស។<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kalb |first=Marvin |date=22 January 2013 |title=It's Called the Vietnam Syndrome, and It's Back |url=http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/up-front/posts/2013/01/22-obama-foreign-policy-kalb |access-date=11 March 2026 |publisher=Brookings Institution |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224132036/https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2013/01/22/its-called-the-vietnam-syndrome-and-its-back/|archive-date=December 24, 2022}}</ref> ==ឈ្មោះនៃសង្គ្រាម== ឈ្មោះផ្សេងៗត្រូវបានគេប្រើដើម្បីសម្គាល់ដល់ការប៉ះទង្គិចមួយនេះ។ ''សង្គ្រាមវៀតណាម'' គឺជានាមដែលបានប្រើទូទៅបំផុតជាភាសាអង់គ្លេស។ វាក៏ត្រូវបានហៅ ''សង្គ្រាមនៅឥណ្ឌូចិនទីពីរ'' និង ''ការប៉ះទង្គិចជាមួយវៀតណាម''។ តាមមកក៏មានការប៉ះទង្គិចច្រើនក្នុងឥណ្ឌូចិន ការប៉ះទង្គិចនេះត្រូវបានស្គាល់ដោយឈ្មោះនៃអ្នកប្រឆាំងសំខាន់របស់ខ្លួនដើម្បីធ្វើឱ្យវាប្លែកពីពួកអ្នកដទៃផ្សេង។<ref>Moore, Harold. G and Joseph L. Galloway ''We Are Soldiers Still: A Journey Back to the Battlefields of Vietnam'' (p. 57).</ref> ជា[[ភាសាវៀតណាម]] សង្គ្រាមនេះជាទូទៅត្រូវបានគេស្គាល់ថា ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​''Chiến tranh Việt Nam'' (សង្គ្រាមវៀតណាម)។ វាក៏ត្រូវបានហៅថា ''Kháng chiến chống Mỹ'' (សង្គ្រាមតស៊ូប្រឆាំងនឹងសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក) បានប្រែថាឱ្យតែបានថា ''សង្គ្រាមប្រឆាំងនឹងអាមេរិក''។<ref>{{cite web|title=Asian-Nation: Asian American History, Demographics, &amp; Issues:: The American / Viet Nam War|quote=The Viet Nam War is also called 'The American War' by the Vietnamese |url=http://www.asian-nation.org/vietnam-war.shtml |accessdate=18 August 2008}}</ref> អង្គការយោធាសំខាន់ៗបានពាក់ព័ន្ធនៅក្នុងសង្គ្រាមគឺថា នៅម្ខាង [[កងទ័ពសាធារណរដ្ឋវៀតណាម]] (ក.ស.វ.ណ.) និង[[កងកម្លាំងប្រដាប់អាវុធសហរដ្ឋ|យោធាស.រ.]] និងម្ខាងទៀត [[កងទ័ពប្រជាជនវៀតណាម]] (ក.ប.វ.) (ក៏បានស្គាល់ថាកងទ័ពវៀតណាមខាងជើង រឺ ក.វ.ជ.) និងពួក[[វៀតកុង]] ឬ រណសិរ្សជាតិដើម្បីរំដោះវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង (រ.រ.ជ.) កម្លាំងទ័ពព្រៃកុម្មុយនីស្តវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង។ ==សាវតារ== '''{{See also|ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រវៀតណាម|យុទ្ធនាការកូសាំងស៊ីន|កឹនវឿញ|គណបក្សជាតិនិយមវៀតណាម|សង្កុបកម្មអៀនបៃ|វៀតណាមកំឡុងសង្គ្រាមលោកលើកទី២|សង្គ្រាមនៅវៀតណាម (១៩៤៥-១៩៤៦)}}''' វៀតណាមធ្លាប់បានស្ថិតក្រោមការគ្រប់គ្រងរបស់បារាំងជាផ្នែកមួយនៃ[[សហភាពឥណ្ឌូចិន]]ចាប់តាំងពីទសវត្សរ៍ឆ្នាំ១៨៨០ មកម៉្លេះ។ ចលនាទាមទារឯករាជ្យនៅវៀតណាមមួយចំនួនដូចជា [[គណបក្សជាតិនិយមវៀតណាម]] ត្រូវរងការបង្ក្រាបជិះជាន់ពីសំណាក់រដ្ឋបាលអាណានិគម បន្ទាប់ពីប្រមូលបានការគាំទ្រពីសាធារណជនទូទៅ។<ref name="Tran2022">{{Cite book |last1=Tran |first1=Nu-Anh |title=Disunion: Anticommunist Nationalism and the Making of the Republic of Vietnam |date=2022 |publisher=University of Hawaiʻi Press |url=https://uhpress.hawaii.edu/title/disunion-anticommunist-nationalism-and-the-making-of-the-republic-of-vietnam/ |isbn=9780824887865}}</ref><ref name="Goscha2016">{{Cite book |last1=Goscha |first1=Christopher |title=Vietnam: A New History |date=2016 |publisher=Basic Books |url=https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/christopher-goscha/vietnam/9780465094370/ |isbn=9780465094370 }}</ref> នៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៣០ លោក[[ហូ ជីមិញ|ង្វៀន សីញគុង]]បានស្ថាបនា[[គណបក្សកុម្មុយនិស្តឥណ្ឌូចិន|គណបក្សកុម្មុយនីស្តឥណ្ឌូចិន]]ឡើង ក្នុងគោលបំណងផ្ដួលរំលំប្រព័ន្ធគ្រប់គ្រងរបស់បារាំង និងបង្កើតជារបបកុម្មុយនីស្ត។<ref name="Umair Mirza-2017">{{Cite book |last=Umair Mirza |url=http://archive.org/details/thevietnamwarthedefinitiveillustratedhistory_202002 |title=The Vietnam War The Definitive Illustrated History |date=2017-04-01}}</ref> ការបែកបាក់សាមគ្គីភាពរវាងក្រុមជាតិនិយម និងកុម្មុយនីស្តបានលេចឡើងនៅក្នុងទសវត្សរ៍ឆ្នាំ១៩២០<ref name="Reilly ori">{{cite conference |last=Reilly |first=Brett |title=Before the First Indochina War: Redefining the Origin of Vietnam's Civil War |format= |conference=Association for Asian Studies, Annual Conference |pages= |date=2017 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317376173 |location= }}<br />{{cite web |last1=Reilly |first1=Brett |title=The True Origin of the Term 'Viet Cong' |url=https://thediplomat.com/2018/01/the-true-origin-of-the-term-viet-cong/ |website=The Diplomat |date=31 January 2018 }}</ref> ដោយក្រុមទាំងពីរមានទស្សនៈផ្សេងគ្នាចំពោះអនាគតនៃប្រជាជាតិវៀតណាម៖ ក្រុមអ្នកជាតិនិយមប៉ងចង់ឃើញវៀតណាមជាសាធារណរដ្ឋ<ref name="Tran & Vu 2022">{{cite book |last1=Tran |first1=Nu-Anh |last2=Vu |first2=Tuong |chapter=Introduction: Rethinking Vietnamese Republicanism |pages=1–25 |editor-last1=Tran |editor-first1=Nu-Anh |editor-last2=Vu |editor-first2=Tuong |title=Building a Republican Nation in Vietnam, 1920–1963 |date=2022 |publisher=University of Hawaiʻi Press |doi= |chapter-url= |isbn=9780824892111 }}</ref> ចំណែកឯក្រុមពួកកុម្មុយនីស្តចង់ឃើញមានរបបកុម្មុយនីស្តសង្គមអធន។<ref name="Vu 2019">{{Cite journal |last=Vu |first=Tuong |date=2019 |title=In the Service of World Revolution: Vietnamese Communists' Radical Ambitions through the Three Indochina Wars |journal=Journal of Cold War Studies |volume=21|issue=4 |pages=4–30 |doi=10.1162/jcws_a_00905 }}</ref> ដោយហេតុនេះ ក្រុមបក្សពួកទាំងពីរក៏កើតជម្លោះនឹងគ្នា បង្កឱ្យពួកកុម្មុយនីស្តបានប្រើហិង្សាបង្ក្រាបសំណាក់អ្នកជាតិនិយម។<ref name="Asselin 2023">{{Cite journal <!-- Deny Citation Bot-->|last=Asselin |first=Pierre |date=2023 |title=The Indochinese Communist Party's Unfinished Revolution of 1945 and the Origins of Vietnam's 30-Year Civil War |journal=Journal of Cold War Studies |volume=25|issue=1 |pages=4–45 |doi=10.1162/jcws_a_01120 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Thomas |first1=Martin |last2=Asselin |first2=Pierre |title=French Decolonisation and Civil War: The Dynamics of Violence in the Early Phases of Anticolonial War in Vietnam and Algeria, 1940–1956 |journal=Journal of Modern European History |year=2022 |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=513–535 |doi=10.1177/16118944221130231 }}</ref>{{Rp|៥១៥}} ===ការត្រួតត្រារបស់ជប៉ុននៅឥណ្ឌូចិន=== {{Main|សហភាពឥណ្ឌូចិនកំឡុងសង្គ្រាមលោកលើកទី២}} [[File:Flag of North Vietnam (1945–1955).svg|thumb|ទង់របស់[[វៀតមិញ]] ដែលក្រោយមកត្រូវបានកែលម្អប្រើជា[[ទង់ជាតិវៀតណាម|ទង់ជាតិ]]នៃប្រទេស[[វៀតណាម]]បច្ចុប្បន្ន]] នៅខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ១៩៤០ ជប៉ុនបាន[[ការឈ្លានពានរបស់ជប៉ុនលើឥណ្ឌូចិន|វាយចូលឥណ្ឌូចិន]] បន្ទាប់ពីបារាំងធ្លាក់ក្រោម[[សមរភូមិបារាំង|ការត្រួតត្រា]]របស់[[អាល្លឺម៉ង់ណាស៊ី|អាល្លឺម៉ង់]]។ គិតត្រឹមឆ្នាំ១៩៤១ ជប៉ុន​បានទទួល​សិទ្ធិកាន់កាប់​យោធា​ពេញលេញនៅ​ទូទាំង​ឥណ្ឌូចិន ដោយបង្កើតបានរបបគ្រប់គ្រង​អាណានិគម​ពីរក្នុងពេលតែ​មួយ ពោល[[បារាំងវិចឈី|បារាំង]]នៅបន្តមុខងារខាង​រដ្ឋបាល ខណៈជប៉ុនមានទំនួលខាង​ប្រតិបត្តិការ​យោធា។<ref name="Jen 2024">{{cite book |last=Jennings |first=Eric T. |chapter=Indochina during World War II |pages=84–105 |editor-last=Miller |editor-first=Edward |title=The Cambridge History of the Vietnam War, Volume I: Origins |date=2024 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/9781316225240.007 |doi-access= |isbn=9781316225240 }}</ref> លោកគុង ឬគេនិយមស្គាល់ថាហូ-ជីមិញនោះ បានវិលត្រឡប់ពីនិរទេសវិញ រួចបានបង្កើតចលនា[[វៀតមិញ]]ឡើងដើម្បីប្រឆាំងការត្រួតត្រារបស់ជប៉ុន។<ref name="Umair Mirza-2017" /> ពីឆ្នាំ១៩៤៤ [[ការិយាល័យសេវាកម្មយុទ្ធសាស្ត្រ]]របស់អាមេរិកបានផ្ដល់វៀតមិញនូវជំនួយសព្វាវុធ និងការហ្វឹកហ្វាត់យោធាប្រឆាំងនឹមត្រួតត្រាជប៉ុន។<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-15 |title=The OSS in Vietnam, 1945: A War of Missed Opportunities by Dixee Bartholomew-Feis |url=https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/oss-vietnam-1945-dixee-bartholomew-feis |access-date=2026-03-11 |website=The National WWII Museum {{!}} New Orleans |archive-date=15 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315115133/https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/oss-vietnam-1945-dixee-bartholomew-feis |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Kinzer-2013" /> ប្រធានាធិបតីអាមេរិក លោក[[ហ្រែ្វងគ្លិន រូសឺវេលត៍]]បានបង្ហាញការគាំទ្រចំពោះចលនាតស៊ូរបស់វៀតណាមនោះ និងព្រមទាំងបានស្នើឱ្យផ្តល់ឯករាជ្យភាពដល់វៀតណាមថែមទៀតផងក្រោមអាណត្តិអន្តរជាតិ នៅពេលដែលសង្គ្រាមបានចប់។<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hess |first1=Gary R. |title=Franklin Roosevelt and Indochina |journal=The Journal of American History |date=1972 |volume=59 |issue=2 |pages=353–368 |doi=10.2307/1890195 |jstor=1890195 }}</ref> ទាំងនេះបានធ្វើឱ្យវៀតមិញមានប្រៀបចាប់ផ្ដើមបើកសមរភូមិប្រឆាំងនឹងជប៉ុន ពិសេសបន្ទាប់ពីគេបានប្តូរទីតាំងប្រតិបត្តិការរបស់ខ្លួនពីខេត្តភាគខាងត្បូងប្រទេសចិនមកក្នុងប្រទេសវៀតណាមផ្ទាល់។<ref name="Goscha2016"/> នៅខែមីនា ឆ្នាំ១៩៤៥ ខណៈដែលជប៉ុនកំពុងចាញ់សង្គ្រាមលោក អំណាចយោធាជប៉ុននៅឥណ្ឌូចិនក៏ឆ្លៀតឱកាស[[រដ្ឋប្រហារយោធាជប៉ុននៅឥណ្ឌូចិន|ផ្តួលរំលំរដ្ឋបាលបារាំងឥណ្ឌូចិន]]តាមរយៈ[[រដ្ឋប្រហារ]] ហើយបានប្រកាសបង្កើត[[ចក្រភពវៀតណាម]]ឡើងដោយមានព្រះចៅ[[បាវ ដាយ]]ជាប្រមុខរដ្ឋ។<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=Ralph B. |title=The Japanese Period in Indochina and the Coup of 9 March 1945 |journal=Journal of Southeast Asian Studies |date=September 1978 |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=268–301 |doi=10.1017/S0022463400009784 }}</ref> ជាមួយគ្នានេះដែរ មនោសញ្ចេតនាជាតិនិយមបានកំពុលរាលដាលពាសពេញវៀតណាម ជាហេតុនាំឱ្យប្រជាប្រិយភាពពួកវៀតមិញកាន់តែកើន។<ref name="Guillemot 2019">{{Cite journal |last=Guillemot |first=François |date=2019 |title=The Lessons of Yên Bái, or the "Fascist" Temptation: How the Đại Việt Parties Rethought Anticolonial Nationalist Revolutionary Action, 1932–1945 |journal=Journal of Vietnamese Studies |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=43–78 |doi=10.1525/vs.2019.14.3.43 }}</ref>{{Rp|៦៤–៦៥}} បន្ទាប់ពីជប៉ុន[[ការទទួលចុះចាញ់របស់ជប៉ុន|ប្រកាសចុះចាញ់]]សង្គ្រាមលោកជាផ្លូវការ ពួកវៀតមិញបានផ្ដើម[[បដិវត្តន៍ខែសីហា]] ដោយផ្តួលរំលំរដ្ឋបាលអាយ៉ងជប៉ុន និងរឹបអូសរាល់គ្រឿងសព្វាវុធទាំងប៉ុន្មានរបស់ជប៉ុន។ នៅថ្ងៃទី២ ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ១៩៤៥ ហូ ជីមិញក៏បានប្រកាសពី[[សេចក្ដីប្រកាសឯករាជ្យភាពនៃសាធារណរដ្ឋប្រជាធិបតេយ្យវៀតណាម|ឯករាជ្យភាពសាធារណរដ្ឋប្រជាធិបតេយ្យវៀតណាម]]ឡើងនៅចំពោះមុខមហាជនប្រមាណ ៥០០,០០០ នាក់នៅឯទីក្រុង[[ហាណូយ]]។ មិនយូរប៉ុន្មាន កងកម្លាំងអង់គ្លេស និងបារាំងក៏បានធ្វើដំណើរមកដល់ឥណ្ឌូចិនជាថ្មី ដើម្បីត្រួតពិនិត្យដំណើរចុះចាញ់របស់ជប៉ុននៅភាគខាងត្បូងនៃខ្សែស្របទី១៦ ខណៈដែលកងទ័ពជាតិនិយមចិនបានធ្វើ[[ការត្រួតត្រារបស់ចិនលើវៀតណាមខាងជើង (១៩៤៥–១៩៤៦)|សកម្មភាពដូចគ្នានៅឯភាគខាងជើង]]។ នៅថ្ងៃទី២៣ ខែកញ្ញា អង់គ្លេសបានគាំទ្ររដ្ឋប្រហាររបស់បារាំងផ្ដួលរដ្ឋាភិបាលហូ-ជីមិញនៅទីក្រុងសៃហ្គន រួចបានស្ដាររដ្ឋបាលអាណានិគមបារាំងឡើងវិញ។<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indochine.uqam.ca/vi/t-in-chin-tranh/7-23-september-1945.html|title=UQAM &#124; Guerre d'Indochine &#124; 23 SEPTEMBER 1945}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hughes |first1=Geraint |title=A 'Post-war' War: The British Occupation of French-Indochina, September 1945–March 1946 |journal=Small Wars & Insurgencies |date=September 2006 |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=263–286 |doi=10.1080/09592310600671596 }}</ref> ការិយាល័យសេវាកម្មយុទ្ធសាស្ត្ររបស់អាមេរិកបានដកកម្លាំងចេញដោយទុកឱ្យបារាំង[[សង្គ្រាមនៅវៀតណាមភាគខាងត្បូង (១៩៤៥–១៩៤៦)|ស្ដារការគ្រប់គ្រងឡើងវិញ]]នៅវៀតណាមភាគខាងត្បូង។ ===សង្គ្រាមឥណ្ឌូចិនលើកទីមួយ=== {{Main|សង្គ្រាមឥណ្ឌូចិនលើកទី១}} [[File:Bao Dai and Ho Chi Minh.jpg|thumb|[[បាវ ដាយ]] (ស្ដាំ) កាន់មុខងារជា "ទីប្រឹក្សាជាន់ខ្ពស់" របស់រដ្ឋាភិបាលនៃសាធារណរដ្ឋប្រជាធិបតេយ្យវៀតណាម ដឹកនាំដោយប្រធានាធិបតី[[ហូ ជីមិញ]] (ឆ្វេង), កញ្ញា ១៩៤៥។]] ចាប់ផ្ដើមនៅខែសីហា ឆ្នាំ១៩៤៥ វៀតមិញបានបង្រួបបង្រួមអំណាចក្នុងស្រុក ដោយធ្វើការបំភិតបំភ័យ និងទុក្ខបុកម្នេញលើបក្សពួកជាតិនិយម និងគូបដិបក្ខដទៃផ្សេងៗទៀត។<ref name="Guillemot 2004">{{cite book |last=Guillemot |first=François |chapter=Au coeur de la fracture vietnamienne : l'élimination de l'opposition nationaliste et anticolonialiste dans le Nord du Vietnam (1945–1946) |pages=175–216 |editor-last1=Goscha |editor-first1=Christopher E. |editor-last2=de Tréglodé |editor-first2=Benoît |title=Naissance d'un État-Parti: Le Viêt Nam depuis 1945 |date=2004 |publisher=Les Indes savantes |location=Paris |url=https://www.lesindessavantes.com/ouvrage/naissance-dun-etat-parti/ |isbn=9782846540643 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522234710/https://www.lesindessavantes.com/ouvrage/naissance-dun-etat-parti/ |date=2022-05-22 }}</ref><ref name="Kort2017">{{Cite book |last1=Kort |first1=Michael G. |title=The Vietnam War Reexamined |date=2017 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781107110199 |doi=10.1017/9781107110199 }}</ref><ref name="Tran2022"/><ref name="Marr 2013">{{cite book |last1=Marr |first1=David G. |title=Vietnam: State, War, and Revolution (1945–1946) |date=2013 |publisher=University of California Press |url=https://www.ucpress.edu/ebook/9780520954977/vietnam |isbn=9780520954977 |pages= }}</ref>{{Rp|៣៨៣–៤៤១}} នៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៤៦ កិច្ចព្រមព្រៀងបារាំង-ចិន និង[[កិច្ចព្រមព្រៀងហូ-សង់តឺនី|ហូ-សង់តឺនី]] បានសម្រួលដល់ការរួមរស់ជាមួយគ្នារវាងសាធារណរដ្ឋប្រជាធិបតេយ្យវៀតណាម និងរដ្ឋបាលបារាំង ហើយជាហេតុធ្វើឱ្យក្រុមអ្នកជាតិនិយមដទៃធ្លាក់ចុះខ្សោយ។<ref name="Goscha2016"/>{{sfn|Holcombe |2020|pages=35, 38–44}} នៅរដូវប្រាំងនៃឆ្នាំដដែរនោះ ពួកវៀតមិញបានឃុបឃិតជាមួយកងកម្លាំងបារាំង ដើម្បីបង្ក្រាបបោសសម្អាតរាល់ពួកជាតិនិយមទាំងអស់ ដែលមាននិន្នាការប្រឆាំងនឹងអាណានិគមកិច្ចបារាំង។<ref name="Kort2017"/><ref name="Guillemot 2004"/>{{Rp|២០៥–២០៧}}<ref name="Reilly 2018">{{cite thesis |last1=Reilly |first1=Brett |title=The Origins of the Vietnamese Civil War and the State of Vietnam |type=PhD |year=2018 |publisher=University of Wisconsin–Madison |url=https://search.library.wisc.edu/catalog/9913275159802121}}</ref>{{Rp|១៧៥–១៧៧}}<ref name="Tran 2023">{{cite journal |last1=Tran |first1=Nu-Anh |title=Denouncing the 'Việt Cộng': Tales of revolution and betrayal in the Republic of Vietnam |journal=Journal of Southeast Asian Studies |year=2023 |volume=53 |issue=4 |pages=686–708 |doi=10.1017/S0022463422000790 }}</ref>{{Rp|៦៩៩–៧០០}} បន្ទាប់ពីបក្សពួកជាតិនិយមផ្សេងទៀតត្រូវបានកម្ចាត់ចោលស្ទើរអស់<ref name="Kort2017"/><ref name="Tran2022"/> ហើយកិច្ចចរចាត្រូវបានបែកបាក់ទៀតនោះ វៀតមិញនិងបារាំងក៏ចាប់ផ្ដើមកើតមានភាពតានតឹងនឹងគ្នារហូតដល់ផ្ទុះជា[[សង្គ្រាមឥណ្ឌូចិនលើកទី១|ជម្លោះប្រដាប់អាវុធ]]នៅក្នុងខែធ្នូ ឆ្នាំ១៩៤៦។{{sfn|Asselin|2024|pages=73–81}} បកមកក្រុមជាតិនិយមដែលនៅសេសសល់បន្តិចបន្តួចនោះវិញ ពួកគេបានសម្រេចចូលដៃជាមួយអតីតព្រះចៅ[[បាវ ដាយ]]ដែលកំពុងនិរទេសក្រៅស្រុកដើម្បីបើកកិច្ចចរចាសារឡើងវិញជាមួយ[[សាធារណរដ្ឋបារាំងទីបួន|បារាំង]] ពិសេសក្នុងការប្រឆាំងនឹងពួកកុម្មុយនីស្តវៀតមិញ។<ref name="Goscha2016"/><ref name="Reilly 2018"/>{{Rp|១៨៧–១៨៨}} [[រដ្ឋវៀតណាម]]ថ្មីគាំទ្រដោយបារាំងត្រូវបានបង្កើតឡើងដោយមានបាវ ដាយជាព្រះប្រមុខរដ្ឋ ប៉ុន្តែតាមពិត បារាំងគ្រាន់តែប្រើប្រាស់រដ្ឋមួយនេះដើម្បីពង្រឹងអំណាចត្រួតត្រាបែបអាណានិគមរបស់ខ្លួនប៉ុណ្ណោះ។<ref name="Goscha2016"/> ដោយអនុវត្តតាមគោលការណ៍ម៉ាក្ស-លេនីន ពួកកុម្មុយនីស្តវៀតណាមបានក្រសោបអំណាចផ្តាច់មុខតាមរយៈវិធីសាស្ត្រនិងយុទ្ធនាការមូលវិវត្តជាច្រើនបន្តបន្ទាប់។<ref name="McHale 2004">{{cite book |last=McHale |first=Shawn |chapter=Freedom, Violence, and the Struggle over the Public Arena in the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, 1945–1958 |pages=81–99 |editor-last1=Goscha |editor-first1=Christopher E. |editor-last2=de Tréglodé |editor-first2=Benoît |title=Naissance d'un État-Parti: Le Viêt Nam depuis 1945 |date=2004 |publisher=Les Indes savantes |location= Paris |url= |isbn=9782846540643}}</ref><ref name="Vu 2009">{{cite journal |last1=Vu |first1=Tuong |title='It's time for the Indochinese Revolution to show its true colours': The radical turn of Vietnamese politics in 1948 |journal=Journal of Southeast Asian Studies |year=2009 |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=519–542 |doi=10.1017/S0022463409990051 }}</ref><ref name="Hoang 2009">{{cite book |last=Hoang |first=Tuan |chapter=The Early South Vietnamese Critique of Communism |pages=17–32 |chapter-url= |doi=10.1057/9780230101999_2 |editor-last1=Vu |editor-first1=Tuong |editor-last2=Wongsurawat |editor-first2=Wasana |title=Dynamics of the Cold War in Asia: Ideology, Identity, and Culture |year=2009 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |url= |isbn=9780230101999 }}</ref> នៅក្នុងខែមីនា ឆ្នាំ១៩៤៧ ប្រធានាធិបតីអាមេរិក លោក[[ហ៊ែរី ទ្រូមែន]]បានប្រកាសគោលនយោបាយប្រឆាំងកុម្មុយនីស្តមួយហៅថា [[លទ្ធិទ្រូមែន]]។<ref>{{Cite book |last=Administration |first=United States National Archives and Records |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qqDA6OGvhmUC&pg=PA194 |title=Our Documents: 100 Milestone Documents from the National Archives |date=2006-07-04 |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA |isbn=978-0-19-530959-1 |access-date=12 March 2026 |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630110920/https://books.google.com/books?id=qqDA6OGvhmUC&pg=PA194 |url-status=live }}</ref> នៅឥណ្ឌូចិន គោលនយោបាយនេះបានចាប់អនុវត្ត នៅពេលដែលអាមេរិកបានប្រកាសទទួលស្គាល់[[រដ្ឋវៀតណាម]]ដែលគាំទ្រដោយបារាំង រយៈពេលមួយខែក្រោយ[[ចិន]]និង[[សហភាពសូវៀត]]បានទទួលស្គាល់[[វៀតណាមខាងជើង|សាធារណរដ្ឋប្រជាធិបតេយ្យវៀតណាម]]។<ref name="McNamara">{{Cite book |last1=McNamara |first1=Robert S. |url=https://archive.org/details/argumentwithoute00mcna |title=Argument Without End: In Search of Answers to the Vietnam Tragedy |last2=Blight |first2=James G. |last3=Brigham |first3=Robert K. |last4=Biersteker |first4=Thomas J. |last5=Schandler |first5=Herbert |date=1999 |publisher=PublicAffairs |isbn=978-1-891620-87-4 |location=New York |author-link=Robert McNamara |author-link4=Thomas J. Biersteker |url-access=registration}}</ref>{{Rp|៣៧៧–៣៧៩}}<ref name=Hastings/>{{Rp|៨៨}} ការផ្ទុះ[[សង្គ្រាកូរ៉េ|សង្គ្រាមថ្មីនៅកូរ៉េ]]ក្នុងខែមិថុនាគឺជាសញ្ញាបញ្ជាក់ទៅទីក្រុងវ៉ាស៊ីនតោនថាសង្គ្រាមនៅឥណ្ឌូចិនគឺជាឧទាហរណ៍មួយបន្ថែមទៀតនៃការវាតទីនិយមនៃលទ្ធិកុម្មុយនីស្ត ដែលមានសហភាពសូវៀតនាំមុខ។ ទីប្រឹក្សាយោធាមកពីចិនបានចាប់ផ្តើមចុះមកជួយពួកវៀតមិញនៅក្នុងខែកក្កដា ឆ្នាំ១៩៥០។<ref name="Ang">{{Cite book |last=Ang |first=Cheng Guan |title=The Vietnam War from the Other Side |publisher=Routledge |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-7007-1615-9}}</ref>{{Rp|១៤}} គ្រឿងសព្វាវុធ ជំនាញបច្ចេកទេស និងកម្មករពលករចិនបានផ្លាស់ប្តូរវៀតមិញពីកម្លាំងទ័ពព្រៃទៅជាកម្លាំងទ័ពនិយ័តមួយ។<ref name=Hastings/>{{Rp|២៦}}<ref name="HistoryPlace">{{Cite web |title=The History Place – Vietnam War 1945–1960 |url=http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/vietnam/index-1945.html |access-date=12 March 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312070611/http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/vietnam/index-1945.html|archive-date=March 12, 2023}}</ref> នៅខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ១៩៥០ សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកបានបង្កើត[[ក្រុមប្រឹក្សាយោបល់ជំនួយយោធា]] (ក.យ.ជ.យ​​.) ដើម្បីសម្រួលដល់រដ្ឋបាលបារាំង ទាក់ទិននឹងយោបល់យុទ្ធសាស្ត្រ និងការបណ្តុះបណ្តាលទាហានវៀតណាម។.<ref name="Herring">{{Cite book |last=Herring |first=George C. |author-link= George C. Herring |title=America's Longest War: The United States and Vietnam, 1950–1975 (4th ed.) |date=2001 |publisher=McGraw-Hill |isbn=978-0-07-253618-8}}</ref>{{Rp|១៨}} មកត្រឹមឆ្នាំ១៩៥៤ សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកបានចំណាយទឹកប្រាក់ប្រមាណ ១ ពាន់លានដុល្លារដើម្បីគាំទ្រដល់កិច្ចខិតខំប្រឹងប្រែងរបស់បារាំង ដោយទទួលបន្ទុក ៨០% នៃការចំណាយសរុបនៅលើសង្គ្រាម។<ref name=Hastings/>{{Rp|៣៥}} ====សមរភូមិដៀនបៀនហ្វូ==== {{Main|សមរភូមិដៀនបៀនហ្វូ}} នៅឆ្នាំ១៩៥៤ បារាំងបានព្យាយាមកាត់ផ្ដាច់ខ្សែផ្គត់ផ្គង់របស់វៀតមិញនៅក្រុង[[ដៀនបៀនហ្វូ]]ក្បែរព្រំដែនប្រទេសឡាវ។ កងកម្លាំងវៀតមិញ ក្រោមការដឹកនាំរបស់លោក[[វ៉ក ង្វៀនសាប]]បានឡោមព័ទ្ធកងទ័ពបារាំង ហើយបានចល័តកាំភ្លើងធំធុនធ្ងន់និងកងកាំភ្លើងធំប្រឆាំងយន្តហោះបន្ថែម ដើម្បីបាញ់ផ្លោងលើទីតាំងបារាំង។ ជាបន្ទាប់ កងកម្លាំងវៀតមិញក៏បានបើកការវាយប្រហារ​ម្តងហើយម្តងទៀតរហូតដល់ដាច់ប្រព័ន្ធភស្តុភារ​ផ្គត់ផ្គង់​បារាំង និងធ្វើឱ្យ​បារាំងចុះខ្សោយជាខ្លាំង​។{{Sfn|Hastings|2018|p=49-87}} ក្នុងកំឡុងសមរភូមិដៀនបៀនហ្វូនៃឆ្នាំ១៩៥៤ នាវាដឹកយន្តហោះរបស់អាមេរិកបានចូលមកដល់[[ឈូងសមុទ្រតុងកឹង]] រួចក៏បានបង្ហោះយន្តហោះឈ្លបយកការណ៍។ ដំណាលគ្នានោះដែរ បារាំងនិងអាមេរិកបានចាប់ផ្ដើមពិភាក្សាគ្នាអំពីលទ្ធភាពប្រើប្រាស់អាវុធយុទ្ធសាស្ត្រនុយក្លេអ៊ែរ ប៉ុន្តែគេនៅមិនទាន់ច្បាស់ថាតើកិច្ចពិភាក្សានោះត្រូវបានមន្ត្រីបារាំង-អាមេរិកពិចារណាម៉ត់ចត់ប៉ុណ្ណា និងផ្ដើមដោយអ្នកណាប្រាកដ។<ref name="Maclear">{{Cite book |last=Maclear |first=Michael |url=https://archive.org/details/tenthousanddaywa00mich/page/57 |title=The Ten Thousand Day War: Vietnam 1945–1975 |date=1981 |publisher=Thames |isbn=978-0-312-79094-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/tenthousanddaywa00mich/page/57 57]}}</ref><ref name="Hastings" />{{Rp|៧៥}} តាមរយៈអនុប្រធានាធិបតីអាមេរិកនាពេលនោះគឺលោក[[រីឆាដ និចសុន]]បានឱ្យដឹងថា ផែនការប្រើអាវុធនុយក្លេអ៊ែរនោះត្រូវបាននាយអគ្គសេនាធិការរួមអាមេរិកគូសវាសឡើងដើម្បីគាំទ្រជួយបារាំង។<ref name="Maclear" /> ប្រធានាធិបតី លោក[[ដ្វាយត៍ ឌី អាយសិនហោវើ]]បានបញ្ជាក់ថា អាមេរិកនឹងចូលរួមក្នុងសង្គ្រាមលុះត្រាតែមានការគាំទ្រពីអង់គ្លេស ប៉ុន្តែត្រូវទីក្រុងឡុងដ៍បានបដិសេដ។<ref name="Tucker" />{{Rp|៧៦}} នៅទីបំផុត លោកអាយសិនហោវើក៏បានសម្រេចចិត្តមិននាំអាមេរិកបញ្ច្រៀតចូលក្នុងសង្គ្រាម<ref name="Hastings" />{{Rp|៧៥–៧៦}} ខណៈចារកម្មអាមេរិកបានកើតការសង្ស័យចំពោះឱកាសជោគជ័យរបស់បារាំង។<ref name="Gravel">{{Cite book |title=The Pentagon Papers (Gravel Edition), Volume 1 |pages=391–404}}</ref> នៅខែឧសភា កងកម្លាំងបារាំងនៅដៀនបៀហ្វូបានប្រកាសសុំចុះចាញ់ ដោយជាសញ្ញាបង្ហាញនូវទីបញ្ចប់នៃអន្តរាគមន៍យោធាបារាំងនៅឥណ្ឌូចិន។ នៅឯ[[សន្និសីទទីក្រុងហ្សឺណែវឆ្នាំ១៩៥៤|សន្និសីទទីក្រុងហ្សឺណែវ]] បារាំងបានចរចារព្រមព្រៀងបទឈប់បាញ់ជាមួយពួកវៀតមិញ ហើយបានបញ្ជាក់ប្រគល់ឯករាជ្យភាពដល់កម្ពុជា ឡាវ និងវៀតណាម ដោយប្រទេសវៀតណាមត្រូវពុះខណ្ឌចែកជាជើង-ត្បូងជាបណ្ដោះអាសន្ន។<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |last1=Goscha |first1=Christopher E. |title=Geneva Accords |encyclopedia=Historical Dictionary of the Indochina War (1945–1954): An International and Interdisciplinary Approach |pages= |date=2011 |publisher=NIAS Press |isbn=9788776940638 |url=https://indochine.uqam.ca/en/component/content/article/1/528-geneva-accords.html }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Geneva Accords {{!}} history of Indochina {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Geneva-Accords |access-date=12 March 2026 |website=www.britannica.com |archive-date=28 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028002543/https://www.britannica.com/event/Geneva-Accords |url-status=live }}</ref> ==សម័យអន្តរកាល== [[File:1954 Geneva Conference.jpg|thumb|right|[[សន្និសីទទីក្រុងហ្សឺណែវឆ្នាំ១៩៥៤|សន្និសីទក្រុងហ្សឺណែវ]]ឆ្នាំ១៩៥៤]] វៀតណាមត្រូវ[[ការបែងចែកវៀតណាម|បានបែងចែកជាបណ្ដោះអាសន្ន]]នៅ[[ខ្សែស្របខាងជើងទី១៧|ខ្សែស្របទី១៧]] និងនៅក្រោមលក្ខន្តិកៈនៃកិច្ចព្រមព្រៀងហ្សឺណែវ ពួកអសេនិកជនត្រូវផ្ដល់ឱកាសដើម្បីបម្លាស់ទីដោយសេរីរវាងរដ្ឋបណ្ដោះអាសន្នទាំងពីរក្នុងរយៈកាលបីរយថ្ងៃ។ លោកហូ​ ជីមិញប៉ងចង់បន្តសង្គ្រាមនៅភាគខាងត្បូងវៀតណាម ប៉ុន្តែត្រូវបានសម្ព័ន្ធមិត្តចិនហាមឃាត់ ដោយបានណែនាំថា រូបលោកអាចយកឈ្នះបានតាមរយៈមធ្យោបាយបោះឆ្នោត។<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 January 2001 |title=China Contributed Substantially to Vietnam War Victory, Claims Scholar |work=Wilson Center |url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/china-contributed-substantially-to-vietnam-war-victory-claims-scholar |access-date=12 March 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502013703/https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/china-contributed-substantially-to-vietnam-war-victory-claims-scholar|archive-date=May 2, 2023}}</ref><ref name=Hastings/>{{Rp|៨៧–៨៨}}​ ការបោះឆ្នោតទូទាំងប្រទេសគឺនឹងត្រូវបានប្រារព្ធឡើងនៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៥៦ ដើម្បីបង្កើតរដ្ឋាភិបាលរួបរួមជាតិមួយ។<ref name=Hastings/>{{Rp|៨៨–៩០}} យ៉ាងណា សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិបានចេញមុខជំទាស់នឹងការបោះឆ្នោតនោះផ្ទាល់នៅក្នុងសន្និសីទ ដោយទទួលបានការគាំទ្រតែពីតំណាងបាវ ដាយប៉ុណ្ណោះ។<ref name="Kinzer-2013">{{Cite book |last=Kinzer |first=Stephen |title=The Brothers: John Foster Dulles, Allen Dulles, and Their Secret World War |date=2013 |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=978-1-4299-5352-8 |pages=[{{GBurl|id=LVb4-1l1gF4C|q=lansdale.+attache|p=194}} 195–196]}}</ref> ក្នុងរយៈពេល ៣០០ ថ្ងៃនោះ ប្រជាជនអ្នកស្រុកវៀតណាមខាងជើងប្រមាណមួយលាននាក់បាននាំគ្នារត់គេចទៅវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង ដោយខ្លាចត្រូវធ្វើទុក្ខបុកម្នេញដោយរដ្ឋាភិបាលកុម្មុយនីស្ត<ref name=Hastings/>{{Rp|៩៦}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Prados |first=John |date=January–February 2005 |title=The Numbers Game: How Many Vietnamese Fled South In 1954? |url=http://www.vva.org/TheVeteran/2005_01/feature_numbersGame.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060527190340/http://www.vva.org/TheVeteran/2005_01/feature_numbersGame.htm |archive-date=27 May 2006 |access-date=12 March 2026 |publisher=The VVA Veteran |archivedate=27 ឧសភា 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060527190340/http://www.vva.org/TheVeteran/2005_01/feature_numbersGame.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> ដោយក្នុងចំណោមអ្នករត់នោះរួមមាន អ្នកកាន់សាសនាកាតូលិក ៥០០,០០០ នាក់ ពុទ្ធសាសនិក ២០០,០០០ នាក់ និងសហគមន៍ជនជាតិភាគតិចរាប់ពាន់នាក់ទៀត។<ref name="Goscha2016"/> ចលនាផ្លាស់ទីនេះត្រូវបានសម្របសម្រួលគាំទ្រដោយកម្មវិធីប្ដូរទីលំនៅរបស់អាមេរិកប្រមាណ ៩៣ លានដុល្លារ ដោយមានកងនាវាបារាំង និងអាមេរិកជួយចម្លងជនភៀសខ្លួនទាំងនោះ។<ref>{{Cite book |last=Murti |first=B.S.N. |url=https://archive.org/details/vietnamdivided0000unse |title=Vietnam Divided |date=1964 |publisher=Asian Publishing House |url-access=registration}}</ref> ក្រុមជនភៀសខ្លួននេះក៏ជាកម្លាំងចលករពង្រឹងរបប[[ង៉ូ ឌិញឌៀម]]ឱ្យកាន់តែស្អប់ខ្ពើមពួកកុម្មុយនីស្តខាងជើងបន្ថែមដែរ។{{sfn|Karnow|1997|p=238}} យុទ្ធជនវៀតមិញជាង ១០០,០០០ នាក់បានទៅភាគខាងជើងដើម្បីបង្កើតជា ''បុនក្រុមការ'' ដោយរំពឹងថានឹងត្រឡប់ទៅភាគខាងត្បូងវិញក្នុងរយៈកាលក្រោមពីរឆ្នាំ។<ref name=Kolko/>{{Rp|៩៨}} ពួកវៀតមិញនេះដែរបានបន្សល់ទុក[[ពួកបដិវត្តន៍អាជីព|កម្មាភិបាល]]ប្រហែលពី ៥,០០០ ទៅ ១០,០០០ នាក់នៅភាគខាងត្បូងត្រៀមបង្កកុបកម្ម។<ref name=Hastings/>{{Rp|១០៤}} ពួកទាហានបារាំងចុងក្រោយបានចាកចេញពីវៀតណាមនៅក្នុងខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ១៩៥៦<ref name=Hastings/>{{Rp|១០៤}} ខណៈចិនវិញបានបង្ហើយការដកទ័ពរបស់ខ្លួនពីវៀតណាមខាងជើងនៅក្បែរៗពេលដូចគ្នានេះដែរ។<ref name=Ang/>{{Rp|១៤}} [[File:903aafd6079a3ed1 landing.jpg|thumb|upright=.7|ក្រុមអ្នកបដិវត្តន៍ប្រឆាំងបាវ ដាយនៃរបប[[រដ្ឋវៀតណាម]] ជួបប្រជុំគ្នានៅសាលាក្រុងសៃហ្គន, ខែឧសភា ឆ្នាំ១៩៥៥។]] នៅរវាងឆ្នាំ១៩៥៣ និងឆ្នាំ១៩៥៦ រដ្ឋាភិបាលវៀតណាមខាងជើងបានបង្កើតកំណែទម្រង់កសិកម្មផ្សេងៗ រួមមាន ''ការកាត់បន្ថយថ្លៃជួល'' និង ''កំណែទម្រង់ដីធ្លី''។ ក្នុងកំឡុងកំណែទម្រង់ដីធ្លី ប្រភពចេញពីសក្សីវៀតណាមខាងជើងបានឱ្យដឹងថាមានមនុស្សម្នាក់ក្នុងចំណោមអ្នកភូមិ ១៦០ នាក់ត្រូវបានគេចាប់ប្រហារជីវិត ឬសរុបប្រមាណ ១០០,០០០ នាក់។ យុទ្ធនាការសម្លាប់រង្គាលនេះភាគច្រើនបានប្រព្រឹត្តិធ្វើឡើងនៅក្នុងតំបន់ដីសណ្ដទន្លេក្រហម ដោយដូច្នេះ ចំនួនអ្នកស្លាប់ដែលវិជ្ជាករទូទៅច្រើនទទួលស្គាល់គឺ ៥០,០០០ នាក់។<ref name="Turner">{{Cite book |last=Turner |first=Robert F. |title=Vietnamese Communism: Its Origins and Development |date=1975 |publisher=Hoover Institution Press |isbn=978-0-8179-6431-3}}</ref>{{Rp|១៤៣}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gittinger |first=J. Price |date=1959 |title=Communist Land Policy in North Viet Nam |journal=Far Eastern Survey |volume=28 |issue=8 |pages=113–126 |doi=10.2307/3024603 |jstor=3024603}}</ref><ref name="Courtois">{{Cite book |last1=Courtois |first1=Stephane |title=The Black Book of Communism |title-link=The Black Book of Communism |last2=Werth |first2=Nicolas |last3=Panne |first3=Jean-Louis |last4=Paczkowski |first4=Andrzej |last5=Bartosek |first5=Karel |last6=Margolin |first6=Jean-Louis |date=1997 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-07608-2 |display-authors=1}}</ref>{{Rp|៥៦៩}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dommen |first=Arthur J. |title=The Indochinese Experience of the French and the Americans |date=2001 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-33854-9 |page=340}}</ref> ឯកសារពីបណ្ណសារវៀតណាមនិងហុងគ្រីវិញបានរាប់ចំនួនអ្នកស្លាប់តិចជាងនេះ ពោលគឺលើសពី ១៤,០០០ នាក់បន្តិចបន្តួចប៉ុណ្ណោះ។<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vu |first=Tuong |date=25 May 2007 |title=Newly released documents on the land reform |url=http://www.lib.washington.edu/southeastasia/vsg/elist_2007/Newly |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110420044800/http://www.lib.washington.edu/southeastasia/vsg/elist_2007/Newly%20released%20documents%20on%20the%20land%20reform%20.html |archive-date=20 April 2011 |access-date=13 March 2026 |website=Vietnam Studies Group |archivedate=20 មេសា 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110420044800/http://www.lib.washington.edu/southeastasia/vsg/elist_2007/Newly%20released%20documents%20on%20the%20land%20reform%20.html }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Szalontai |first=Balazs |date=November 2005 |title=Political and Economic Crisis in North Vietnam, 1955–56 |journal=Cold War History |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=395–426 |doi=10.1080/14682740500284630 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Vu |first=Tuong |title=Paths to Development in Asia: South Korea, Vietnam, China, and Indonesia |date=2010 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-139-48901-0 |page=103 }}</ref> នៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៥៦ ថ្នាក់ដឹកនាំទីក្រុងហាណូយបានសារភាពពី "ភាពហួសហេតុ"ក្នុងការអនុវត្តកម្មវិធីនេះ និងបានប្រគល់ដីធ្លីឱ្យពួកម្ចាស់កម្មសិទ្ធិដើមវិញ។<ref name=Hastings/>{{Rp|៩៩–១០០}} នៅភាគខាងត្បូងវិញ [[រដ្ឋវៀតណាម]]ដែលមានបាវ-ដាយជាអធិរាជ និង[[ង៉ូ ឌិញឌៀម]]ជានាយករដ្ឋមន្ត្រីនោះ មិនបានចុះហត្ថលេខាអ្វីនៅក្នុងសន្និសីទក្រុងហ្សឺណែវឆ្នាំ១៩៥៤ ឡើយ។ គណៈប្រតិភូវៀតណាមមិនមែនកុម្មុយនីស្តបានបដិសេធយ៉ាងដាច់អហង្ការចំពោះការបែងចែកប្រទេសវៀតណាមជាពីរ ប៉ុន្តែត្រូវអសារបង់នៅពេលបារាំងបានទទួលស្គាល់សំណើរបស់ប្រតិភូវៀតមិញ[[ហ្វាម វ៉ាន់ដុង]]<ref name="PP">{{Cite book |title=The Pentagon Papers (Gravel Edition), Volume 3 |date=1971 |publisher=Beacon Press}}</ref>{{Rp|១៣៤}} ដែលបានស្នើសុំវិធីបង្រួបបង្រួមវៀតណាមតាមរយៈការបោះឆ្នោតក្រោមការត្រួតពិនិត្យនៃ "គណៈកម្មាការតំបន់"។<ref name=PP/>{{Rp|១១៩}} អាមេរិកបានប្រតិកម្មតបវិញជាមួយនឹង​ "ផែនការអាមេរិក" ដោយទទួលការគាំទ្រពីវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង និងសហរាជាណាចក្រ។<ref name=PP/>{{Rp|១៤០}} ផែនការអាមេរិកនោះបានចាត់ចែងធ្វើការបោះឆ្នោតបង្រួបបង្រួមដូចគ្នា តែត្រូវស្ថិតនៅក្រោមការត្រួតមើលពីអង្គការសហប្រជាជាតិ ប៉ុន្តែចុងក្រោយ វាត្រូវបានជំទាស់ដោយគណៈប្រតិភូសូវៀត។<ref name=PP/>{{Rp|១៤០}} សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកបានលើកឡើងថា៖ "ដោយការគោរពលើសេចក្ដីថ្លែងការណ៍នៃរដ្ឋវៀតណាម សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកសុំនិយាយបញ្ជាក់ពីគោលជំហរប្រពៃណីរបស់ខ្លួនឡើងវិញ នោះគឺប្រជាជនគ្រប់រូបត្រូវទទួលបានសិទ្ធកំណត់អនាគតរបស់ខ្លួនផ្ទាល់ ហើយសាមីខ្លួននឹងមិនចូលរួមក្នុងសំណើ ឬផែនការណាមួយដែលបិទរារាំងដំណើរការនោះឡើយ"។<ref name=PP/>{{Rp|៥៧០–៥៧១}} លោកប្រធានាធិបតីអាយសិនហោវើបានសរសេរនៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៥៤ ថា៖ {{Blockquote|"ខ្ញុំមិនដែលបាននិយាយ ឬទាក់ទងគ្នាជាមួយមនុស្សដែលមានចំណេះដឹងក្នុងកិច្ចការឥណ្ឌូចិន ដែលគេមិនយល់ស្របថាការបោះឆ្នោតត្រូវធ្វើឡើងក្នុងរយៈកាលនៃជម្លោះសង្គ្រាមទេ ប្រហែលជាប៉ែតសិបភាគរយនៃប្រជាជនទាំងអស់នឹងបោះឆ្នោតឱ្យហូ ជីមិញកុម្មុយនីស្តជាមេដឹកនាំរបស់ខ្លួនជាជាងអគ្គរដ្ឋបាវ ដាយ។ ពិតមែនទៅ កង្វះពួកមេដឹកនាំ ហើយការដឹកនាំខាងបាវ ដាយគឺជាកត្តាមួយដែលក្នុងអារម្មណ៍ជាទូទៅចំណោមជនវៀតណាមដែលថាពួកគេគ្មានអ្វីត្រូវប្រយុទ្ធដើម្បីបាវ ដាយឡើយ។"{{Sfn|Eisenhower|1963|p=[https://archive.org/details/mandateforchange00eise/page/372 372]}}}} ផ្អែកតាមរយៈ ''ឯកសារបញ្ចកោណ'' បានចាត់ទុកឌៀមជាបេក្ខជនដែលមានប្រជាប្រិយភាពឆ្ងាយជាងបាវ ដាយទាក់ទិននឹងរឿងប្រឆាំងនឹងលោកហូ ដោយសរសេរថា៖ "ប្រាកដណាស់នៅឆ្នាំ១៩៥៦ ចំនួនសមាមាត្រប្រជាជនដែលអាចបោះឆ្នោតឱ្យលោកហូ (ប្រៀបនឹងឌៀម) នៅក្នុងការការបោះឆ្នោតសេរីគឺមិនតិចជាងប៉ែតសិបភាគរយឡើយ"។<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nara-media-001.s3.amazonaws.com/arcmedia/research/pentagon-papers/Pentagon-Papers-Part-IV-A-5.pdf |title=Evolution of the War. Origins of the Insurgency |page=6 |date=January 15, 1969 |website=National Archives |access-date=13 March 2026 |archive-date=12 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230912155004/https://nara-media-001.s3.amazonaws.com/arcmedia/research/pentagon-papers/Pentagon-Papers-Part-IV-A-5.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> ក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៥៧ ក្រុមអ្នកសង្កេតការណ៍ឯករាជ្យមកពីប្រទេសឥណ្ឌា ប៉ូឡូញ និងកាណាដាដែលតំណាងឱ្យ[[គណៈកម្មាការត្រួតពិនិត្យអន្តរជាតិ]] (គ.ត.អ.) បានថ្លែងថា ការបោះឆ្នោតដែលយុត្តិធម៌ និងមិនលម្អៀងតែម្តងគឺមិនអាចទៅរួចទេ ដោយរាយការណ៍បន្ថែមថា ទាំងភាគីខាងជើងនិងខាងត្បូងមិនបានគោរពប្រកាន់ដល់យុទ្ធសន្តិភាពទេ។<ref>{{Harvnb|Woodruff|2005|p=6}} ចែងថា៖ "The elections were not held. South Vietnam, which had not signed the Geneva Accords, did not believe the Communists in North Vietnam would allow a fair election. In January 1957, the International Control Commission (ICC), comprising observers from India, Poland, and Canada, agreed with this perception, reporting that neither South nor North Vietnam had honored the armistice agreement. With the French gone, a return to the traditional power struggle between north and south had begun again.។"</ref> ចាប់ពីខែមេសា ដល់ខែមិថុនា ឆ្នាំ១៩៥៥ លោកដៀមបានប្រើអំណាចវាយប្រហារទៅលើក្រុមបក្សពួកដែលប្រឆាំងនឹងរូបលោកតាមរយៈការផ្ដើមប្រតិបត្តិការប្រឆាំងនឹងពួកគណៈសាសនាដូចជា [[កាវដៃ]] និងគណៈនិកាយ[[ផ្វាហ៊ែវ]]របស់[[បាគុត]]។ យុទ្ធនាការរបស់ឌៀមក៏បានទៅប៉ះទង្គិចជាមួយនឹងក្រុមឧក្រិដ្ឋកម្ម[[ប៊ីញស្វៀន]]ផងដែរ ដែលត្រូវជាសម្ព័ន្ធមិត្តនឹងពួកសមាជិកនៃនគរបាលសម្ងាត់កុម្មុយនីស្ត បំពាក់ដោយអាវុធយោធាខ្លះៗ។ [[សមរភូមិសៃហ្គន (១៩៥៥)|ការប្រយុទ្ធគ្នា]]ក៏បានផ្ទុះឡើងនៅសៃហ្គនរវាងក្រុមមួយនេះជាមួយនឹងរដ្ឋាភិបាលរបស់ឌៀម ហើយទីបំផុតក៏ត្រូវចាញ់ប្រៀបនឹងកម្លាំងរដ្ឋាភិបាលក្នុងខែមេសានៃឆ្នាំនោះ។ ខណៈដែលចំនួនអ្នកប្រឆាំងនឹងយុទ្ធសាស្ត្រដ៏ឃោរឃៅរបស់ឌៀមបានកំពុងកើនឡើង លោកក៏បានបង្វែរកំហុងចោទប្រកាន់លើពួកកុម្មុយនីស្តថាជាឬសគល់នៃបញ្ហា។<ref name=Tucker/> នៅក្នុង[[ប្រជាមតិរដ្ឋវៀតណាមឆ្នាំ១៩៥៥|ប្រជាមតិមួយស្ដីអំពីអនាគតនៃរដ្ឋវៀតណាម]]ដែលធ្វើឡើងក្នុងខែតុលា ឆ្នាំ១៩៥៥ លោកឌៀមបាន[[ការបន្លំការបោះឆ្នោត|លួចបន្លំសន្លឹកឆ្នោត]]ដោយមានការជួយទំនុកបម្រុងពីបងប្អូនរបស់លោកគឺ [[ង៉ូ ឌិញញូ]] ហើយជាលទ្ធផលបានទទួលសំឡេងគាំទ្រ ៩៨.២ ភាគរយ ដោយក្នុងនោះរួមមាន ១៣៣% នៅក្នុងសៃហ្គន។ ថ្វីបើពួកទីប្រឹក្សាអាមេរិករបស់លោកបានផ្ដល់អនុសាសន៍ឱ្យមានការឈ្នះដោយសមហេតុសមផលត្រឹមចន្លោះពី "៦០ ទៅ ៧០ ភាគរយ" ក្ដី តែលោកឌៀមបានមើលឃើញប្រជាមតិនេះថាជាការសាកល្បងនូវអំណាច។{{sfn|Karnow|1997|p=224}} បីថ្ងៃក្រោយមក លោកក៏បានប្រកាសវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងជារដ្ឋឯករាជ្យមួយក្រោមឈ្មោះថា សាធារណរដ្ឋវៀតណាម (ស.វ.) ដែលមានខ្លួនលោកជាប្រធានាធិបតី។<ref name=Hastings/> ដូចគ្នានេះដែរ លោកហូ ជីមិញ និងបក្សពួកមន្ត្រីកុម្មុយនីស្តបានឈ្នះទទួលសំឡេងគាំទ្រ ៩៩% នៅក្នុងការបោះឆ្នោតដែលបានធ្វើឡើងនៅវៀតណាមខាងជើង។<ref name=Turner/>{{Rp|១៩៣–១៩៤, ២០២–២០៣, ២១៥–២១៧}} [[ទ្រឹស្ដីដូមីណូ]] ដែលបានលើកឡើងថា បើប្រទេសមួយធ្លាក់ទៅក្រោមលទ្ធិកុម្មុយនីស្ត នោះប្រទេសដទៃៗទៀតដែលនៅជុំវិញក៏ធ្លាក់ទៅតាមដូចគ្នា ត្រូវបានស្នើឡើងជាគោលនយោបាយដំបូងដោយរដ្ឋបាលអាយសិនហោវើ។<ref name=McNamara/>{{Rp|១៩}} លោក[[ចន ផ្វ. ខេនណឹឌី]] ដែលកាលនុះជាសមាជិក[[ព្រឹទ្ធសភាសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក|ព្រឹទ្ធសភាអាមេរិក]] បាននិយាយថ្លែងថា៖ "ប្រទេសភូមា ថៃ ឥណ្ឌា ជប៉ុន និងហ្វីលីពីន ហើយជាក់ស្ដែង ឡាវ និងកម្ពុជា សន្តិសុខរបស់ពួកគេទាំងអស់នឹងត្រូវរងការគំរាមកំហែង ប្រសិនបើរលកក្រហមនៃកុម្មុយនីស្តហូរចូលក្ដោបប្រទេសវៀតណាម"។<ref>{{Cite web |title=America's Stakes in Vietnam Speech to the American Friends of Vietnam, June 1956 |url=http://www.jfklibrary.org/Research/Ready-Reference/JFK-Speeches/Remarks-of-Senator-John-F-Kennedy-at-the-Conference-on-Vietnam-Luncheon-in-the-Hotel-Willard-Washing.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626125802/http://www.jfklibrary.org/Research/Ready-Reference/JFK-Speeches/Remarks-of-Senator-John-F-Kennedy-at-the-Conference-on-Vietnam-Luncheon-in-the-Hotel-Willard-Washing.aspx |archive-date=26 June 2012 |access-date=26 June 2012 |publisher=JFK Library |archivedate=26 មិថុនា 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626125802/http://www.jfklibrary.org/Research/Ready-Reference/JFK-Speeches/Remarks-of-Senator-John-F-Kennedy-at-the-Conference-on-Vietnam-Luncheon-in-the-Hotel-Willard-Washing.aspx }}</ref> ==សម័យឌៀម ឆ្នាំ១៩៥៤–១៩៦៣== === របបគ្រប់គ្រង === [[File:Ngo Dinh Diem at Washington - ARC 542189.jpg|thumb|លោកប្រធានាធិបតី[[ដ្វាយត៍ ឌី អាយសិនហោវើ]] និងរដ្ឋមន្ត្រីការបរទេសអាមេរិក លោក[[ចន ហ្វរស្ទើរ ដុលស៍]] កំពុងទទួលស្វាគមន៍ប្រធានាធិបតីវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង លោក[[ង៉ូ ឌិញឌៀម]]នៅរដ្ឋធានីវ៉ាស៊ីនតោន, ៨ ឧសភា ១៩៥៧]] ឌៀមគឺជាបុគ្គលម្នាក់ដែលមានការជឿស៊ប់លើសាសនារ៉ូម៉ាំងកាតូលិក ជាអ្នកប្រឆាំងកុម្មុយនីស្តឥតងាករេ ជាតិនិយម និងអភិរក្សសង្គមមួយរូប។ ប្រវត្តិវិទូបានកត់សម្គាល់ថា៖ "លោកជាមនុស្សតំណាងឱ្យលទ្ធិជាតិនិយមដ៏តូចចង្អៀតនិងជ្រុលនិយម បូករួមជាមួយនឹងការនិយម[[អត្តាធិបតេយ្យ]] និង[[បក្ខពួកនិយម]]"។<ref name=McNamara/>{{Rp|២០០–២០១}} ប្រជាជនវៀតណាមដែលភាគច្រើនជា[[ព្រះពុទ្ធសាសនា|ពុទ្ធសាសនិក]]បានកើតក្ដីបារម្ភចំពោះសកម្មភាពបូជាកិច្ចនៃប្រទេសជាតិដោយឌៀមទៅ[[ព្រះម៉ែម៉ារី]] (មាតាព្រះយេស៊ូ)។ នៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៥៥<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-13 |title=Some Clarifications on Lịch sử Nam bộ kháng chiến {{!}} Wilson Center |url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/some-clarifications-lich-su-nam-bo-khang-chien |access-date=2026-03-16 |website=www.wilsoncenter.org }}</ref> លោកឌៀមបានចាប់ផ្តើមយុទ្ធនាការ "បរិហារកុម្មុយនីស្ត" ពោលគឺការចាប់ខ្លួន ការធ្វើទារុណកម្ម និងការប្រហារជីវិតក្រុមអ្នកគាំទ្រលទ្ធិកុម្មុយនីស្ត និងក្រុមប្រឆាំងរដ្ឋាភិបាលផ្សេងៗទៀត។ នៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៥៦ លោកបានប្រកាសអនុវត្តច្បាប់ប្រហារជីវិតចំពោះបុគ្គលណាដែលត្រូវបានចោតជាជនកុម្មុយនីស្ត។<ref name="WarBegan">{{Cite book |title=The Pentagon Papers (Gravel Edition), Volume 1 |publisher=Beacon Press |year=1971 |location=Boston |at=Section 3, pp. 314–346 |chapter=Chapter 5, Origins of the Insurgency in South Vietnam, 1954–1960 |access-date=10 May 2026 |chapter-url=http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/pent14.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019184424/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/pent14.htm |archive-date=19 October 2017 |url-status=dead |via=International Relations Department, Mount Holyoke College }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019184424/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/pent14.htm |date=19 តុលា 2017 }}</ref> រដ្ឋាភិបាលវៀតណាមខាងជើងបានអះអាងថា គិតត្រឹមខែវិច្ឆិកា ឆ្នាំ១៩៥៧ ប្រជាជនវៀតណាមជាង ៦៥,០០០ នាក់ត្រូវបានចាប់ដាក់ពន្ធនាការ និង ២,១៤៨ នាក់ត្រូវបានប្រហារជីវិតដោយអាជ្ញាធរវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង។<ref>{{Cite book |last=Turner |first=Robert F. |title=Vietnamese Communism: Its Origins and Development |date=1975 |publisher=Hoover Institution Publications |isbn=978-0817964313 |pages=174–178}}</ref> ចូលមកដល់ឆ្នាំ១៩៥៩ អ្នកជាប់ពន្ធនាគារជាលទ្ធផលនៃយុទ្ធនាការនេះបានសល់ត្រឹម ៤០,០០០ នាក់។<ref name=Kolko/>{{Rp|៨៩}} នៅខែតុលា ឆ្នាំ១៩៥៦ លោកឌៀមបានប្រកាសកម្មវិធីកំណែទម្រង់ដីធ្លី ដោយបានកំណត់ទំហំដីកសិកម្មស្រូវក្នុងមួយម្ចាស់ម្នាក់។ ដីកសិកម្មទំហំ ១.៨ លានហិចតា ត្រូវបានដាក់លក់ជូនអ្នកដែលគ្មានកម្មសិទ្ធិដីធ្លី។ មកត្រឹមឆ្នាំ១៩៦០ កំណែទម្រង់មួយនេះបានជាប់គាំង ដោយសារតែអ្នកគាំទ្រធំៗរបស់ឌៀមភាគច្រើនជាម្ចាស់ដីធ្លីធំៗដែរ ដោយពួកគេមិនសុខចិត្តបាត់បង់ដីរបស់គេ។<ref name="Collision">{{Cite book |last1=Doyle |first1=Edward |url=https://archive.org/details/collisionofcultu00doyl |title=The Vietnam Experience, a Collision of Cultures |last2=Weiss |first2=Stephen |date=1984 |publisher=Boston Publishing Company |isbn=978-0939526123 |url-access=registration}}</ref>{{Rp|១៤–១៦}} នៅខែឧសភា ឆ្នាំ១៩៥៧ លោកឌៀមធ្វើ[[ដំណើរទស្សនកិច្ចង៉ូ ឌិញឌៀមនៅសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក|ដំណើរទស្សនកិច្ចរយៈពេលដប់ថ្ងៃ]]ទៅកាន់សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក។ ប្រធានាធិបតីអាមេរិក លោកអាយសិនហោវើបានសន្យាផ្តល់ជំនួយគាំទ្រជាបន្តបន្ទាប់ដល់វៀតណាមខាងត្បូង ហើយថែមទាំងប្រារព្ធធ្វើពិធីដង្ហែរក្បួនសម្រាប់លោកដៀមកំឡុងទស្សនកិច្ចលោកទៀតផង។ ចំពោះរដ្ឋមន្ត្រីការបរទេសអាមេរិក លោក[[ចន ហ្វរស្ទើរ ដុលស៍]]វិញ គឺមិនសូវជាពេញចិត្តនឹងឌៀមប៉ុន្មានទេ ប៉ុន្តែលោកត្រូវបង្ខំចិត្តគាំទ្រព្រោះកាលនោះគឺគ្មាននរណាម្នាក់អាចមានប្រៀបដូចនឹងឌៀមឡើយ។{{sfn|Karnow|1997|p=230}} === កុបកម្មនៅភាគខាងត្បូង ឆ្នាំ១៩៥៤–៦០ === {{Main|វៀតកុង|សង្គ្រាមនៅវៀតណាម (១៩៥៩–១៩៦៣)}} នៅចន្លោះឆ្នាំ១៩៥៤ និងឆ្នាំ១៩៥៧ រដ្ឋាភិបាលឌៀមបានទទួលជោគជ័យក្នុងការទប់ស្កាត់កោលាហលទ្រង់ទ្រាយធំដែលបានផ្ទុះឡើងនៅតាមទីជនបទ។ នៅខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ១៩៥៧ ពួកឧទ្ទាមបានបើកយុទ្ធនាការលបធ្វើឃាតដ៏ធំមួយ ដោយសម្ដៅហៅថា "ការប្រល័យជនក្បត់ជាតិ"។<ref name="McNamera35">{{Cite book |last1=McNamera |first1=Robert S. |title=Argument Without End |last2=Blight |first2=James G. |last3=Brigham |first3=Robert K. |date=1999 |publisher=PublicAffairs |isbn=1-891620-22-3 |pages=35}}</ref> នៅដើមឆ្នាំ១៩៥៩ ឌៀម បានចាត់ទុកសកម្មភាពប្រឆាំងរដ្ឋាភិបាលដោយហិង្សាជាទោសប្រហារជីវិត តាយរយៈការអនុវត្តច្បាប់លេខ ១០/៥៩។ <ref>{{Cite web |title=Excerpts from Law 10/59, 6 May 1959 |url=http://vietnam.vassar.edu/doc6.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080723163835/http://vietnam.vassar.edu/doc6.html |archive-date=23 July 2008 |access-date=20 មេសា 2013 |archivedate=23 កក្កដា 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080723163835/http://vietnam.vassar.edu/doc6.html }}</ref> ប្រវត្តិវិទូលោក[[ដូក្លាស​ ផៃស៍]] បានប៉ាន់ប្រមាណថា ក្រុមពួកឧទ្ទាមបានចាប់ជំរិតមនុស្សប្រហែល ២,០០០ នាក់ និងព្រមទាំងធ្វើឃាតសម្លាប់មន្ត្រី មេភូមិ បុគ្គលិកមន្ទីរពេទ្យ និងគ្រូបង្រៀនប្រមាណ ១,៧០០ នាក់ ចាប់ពីឆ្នាំ១៩៥៧ រហូតដល់ឆ្នាំ១៩៦០។<ref name=Hastings/>{{Rp|១០៦}}<ref name="WarBegan" /> នៅខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ១៩៦០ [[ការិយាល័យកណ្ដាលសម្រាប់វៀតណាមខាងត្បូង]] (ក.ក.វ.ណ.ត.) ដែលត្រូវជាទីស្នាក់ការកណ្តាលរបស់វៀតណាមខាងជើងនៅវៀតណាមភាគខាងត្បូង បានបញ្ជាឱ្យមានសកម្មភាពបះបោរព្រមៗគ្នានៅវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង ហើយមិនយូរប៉ុន្មាន ប្រជាជនវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងមួយភាគបីក៏ធ្លាក់ក្រោមការគ្រប់គ្រងដោយក្រុមកុម្មុយនីស្ត។<ref name=Hastings/>{{Rp|១០៦–១០៧}} នៅក្នុងខែធ្នូ វៀតណាមខាងជើងបានបង្កើតក្រុម[[វៀតកុង]] (វ.ក.) ឡើង​ ដោយមានគោលដៅបង្រួបបង្រួមពួកក្រុមឧទ្ទាមទាំងអស់ដែលមាននិន្នាការប្រឆាំងនឹងរដ្ឋាភិបាលវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងឱ្យស្ថិតក្រោមការដឹកនាំរបស់ខ្លួន។ វៀតកុងត្រូវបានបង្កើតឡើងនៅ[[ស្រុកមេមត់]]ក្នុងប្រទេសកម្ពុជា ក្រោមការដឹកនាំរបស់ ក.ក.វ.ណ.ត.។<ref name=Ang/>{{Rp|៥៥–៥៨}} ==== ការចូលរួមរបស់វៀតណាមខាងជើង ==== {{See also|ការឈ្លានពានរបសវៀតណាមខាងជើងលើឡាវ|ផ្លូវលំហូជីមិញ}} នៅខែមីនា ឆ្នាំ១៩៥៦ មេដឹកនាំកុម្មុយនីស្តភាគខាងត្បូង លោក[[ឡេ ស៊ួន]]បានបង្ហាញផែនការមួយដើម្បីស្ដារការបះបោរក្រោមឈ្មោះថា "មាគ៌ាទៅភាគខាងត្បូង" ទៅកាន់ការិយាល័យនយោបាយនៅទីក្រុងហាណូយ។ ដោយសារតែប្រទេសចិននិងសូវៀតនាពេលនោះបានប្រឆាំងនឹងការប៉ះទង្គិចគ្នារវាងវៀតណាមទាំងពីរភាគ ដូច្នេះផែនការរបស់លោកក៏ត្រូវបានរំសាយចោល។<ref name=Ang/>{{Rp|៥៨}} ទោះជាយ៉ាងណា នៅខែធ្នូនៃឆ្នាំដដែរនោះ ថ្នាក់ដឹកនាំវៀតណាមខាងជើងក៏បានសម្រេចអនុម័តវិធានការស្ដារការបះបោរសាកល្បង។{{Sfn|Olson|Roberts |2008|p=67}} នៅខែឧសភា ឆ្នាំ១៩៥៨ កងកម្លាំងវៀតណាមខាងជើងបានត្រួតត្រាមជ្ឈមណ្ឌលដឹកជញ្ជូននៅ[[ស្រុកសេពុញ]]ភាគខាងត្បូងប្រទេសឡាវ ក្បែរតំបន់គ្មានយោធារវាងវៀតណាមខាងជើង និងវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង។<ref name="Prados-1999">{{Cite book |last=Prados |first=John |title=The Blood Road: The Ho Chi Minh Trail and the Vietnam War |date=1999 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=9780471254652}}</ref>{{Rp|២៤}} បក្សកុម្មុយនីស្តវៀតណាមខាងជើងបានអនុម័ត "សង្គ្រាមប្រជាជន" លើវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងក្នុងខែមករា ឆ្នាំ១៩៥៩<ref name=Hastings/>{{Rp|១១៩–១២០}} ហើយក្នុងខែឧសភា [[ក្រុមលេខ៥៥៩]] ក៏ត្រូវបានបង្កើតឡើងដើម្បីអភិវឌ្ឍន៍[[ផ្លូវលំហូជីមិញ]] ហើយបន្ទាប់មក ដំណើរសាងសង់ផ្លូវរយៈពេលប្រាំមួយខែឆ្លងកាត់ព្រៃភ្នំប្រទេសឡាវក៏បានដំណើរការ។ នៅថ្ងៃទី២៨ ខែកក្កដា កងកម្លាំងវៀតណាមខាងជើង និងកងកម្លាំង[[ប៉ៈថេតឡាវ]]បានឈ្លានពានប្រទេសឡាវ ដោយប្រយុទ្ធប្រឆាំងនឹង[[កងទ័ពភូមិន្ទឡាវ]]តាមបណ្តោយតំបន់ព្រំដែន។<ref name="Morrocco-1985">{{Cite book |last=Morrocco |first=John |title=Rain of Fire: Air War, 1969–1973 |date=1985 |publisher=Boston Publishing Company |isbn=9780939526147 |series=Volume 14 of Vietnam Experience}}</ref>{{Rp|២៦}} ក្រោយពីធ្វើខ្សែផ្លូវរួច កម្លាំងវៀតណាមខាងជើងប្រមាណ ៥០០ នាក់ត្រូវបានបញ្ជូនចូលវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងក្នុងឆ្នាំដំបូងនៃប្រតិបត្តិការសង្គ្រាមប្រជាជនរបស់ខ្លួន។{{Sfn|Military History Institute of Vietnam|2002|p=xi}} ការដឹកជញ្ជូនគ្រឿងសព្វាអាវុធឆ្លងកាត់ផ្លូវនេះលើកដំបូងត្រូវបានបញ្ចប់នៅក្នុងខែសីហា ឆ្នាំ១៩៥៩។ នៅខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ១៩៦០ វៀតណាមខាងជើងបានចាត់អនុវត្តកម្មវិធីកំណែនទាហានសម្រាប់កងទ័ព។<ref>{{Cite book |last=Prados |first=John |title=Rolling Thunder in a Gentle Land |date=2006 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=978-1-84603-020-8 |editor-last=Wiest |editor-first=Andrew |location=Oxford |pages=74–95 |chapter=The Road South: The Ho Chi Minh Trail |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/rollingthunderin00wies}}</ref> ទាហានកុម្មុយនីស្តប្រមាណ ៤០,០០០ នាក់បានលបចូលវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងរវាងឆ្នាំ១៩៦១ និងឆ្នាំ១៩៦៣។<ref name=Ang/>{{Rp|៧៦}} ==អាណត្តិខេនណឹឌី, ឆ្នាំ១៩៦១–៦៣== {{Main|សង្គ្រាមនៅវៀតណាម (១៩៥៩–១៩៦៣)|កម្មវិធីយុទ្ធសាស្ត្រភូមិតូច}} [[File:The President's News Conference, 23 March 1961.jpg|thumb|ប្រធានាធិបតីខេនណឹឌីកំពុងពន្យល់បកស្រាយពីស្ថានភាពនៅឥណ្ឌូចិនក្នុងសន្និសីទសារព័ត៌មាន, ២៣ មីនា ១៩៦១]] បន្ទាប់ពីយកឈ្នះរ៉ូណាល់ និចសុននៅក្នុង[[ការបោះឆ្នោតប្រធានាធិបតីសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកឆ្នាំ១៩៦០|ការបោះឆ្នោតជ្រើសរើសប្រធានាធិបតីឆ្នាំ១៩៦០]] ចន ផ្វ. ខេនណឹឌីបានប្ដេជ្ញាបន្តគោលនយោបាយប្រឆាំងកុម្មុយនីស្តដែលបន្សល់ពីរដ្ឋបាលទ្រូមែន និងអាយសិនហោវើ។ នៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៦១ បន្ទាប់ពីអាមេរិកបានរងបរាជ័យធំៗជាប់ៗគ្នា (ដូចជា [[ការឈ្លានពានឆកសមុទ្រជ្រូក]] និង[[វិបត្តិមីស៊ីលគុយបា]]) ខេនណឹឌីបានចាប់ផ្ដើមពង្រឹងគោលនយោបាយប្រឆាំងកុម្មុយនីស្តរបស់អាមេរិក ដោយធ្វើយ៉ាងណានឹងបិទខ្ទប់ក្រុមកុម្មុយនីស្តវៀតណាមកុំឱ្យទទួលជោគជ័យបាន។<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bostdorff |first1=Denise M. |last2=Goldzwig |first2=Steven R. |title=Idealism and Pragmatism in American Foreign Policy Rhetoric: The Case of John F. Kennedy and Vietnam |journal=Presidential Studies Quarterly |date=1994 |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=515–530 |id=215692085 |jstor=27551281 }}</ref> គោលនយោបាយខេនណឹឌីផងដែរបានកំណត់មិនបញ្ជូនទាហានអាមេរិកមកច្បាំងលើទឹកដីវៀតណាមឡើយ ផ្ទុយទៅវិញ លោកចង់ឃើញរដ្ឋាភិបាលឌៀមប្រយុទ្ធប្រឆាំងនឹងវៀតណាមកុម្មុយនីស្តដោយខ្លួនឯងជាមួយនឹងជំនួយសព្វាវុធនិងបច្ចេកទេសពីអាមេរិក។<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vietnam Task Force |url=http://media.nara.gov/research/pentagon-papers/Pentagon-Papers-Part-IV-B-4.pdf |title=Report of the Office of the Secretary of Defense Vietnam Task Force |date=1969 |publisher=Office of the Secretary of Defense |location=Washington, DC |pages=1–2 |chapter=IV. B. Evolution of the War 4. Phased Withdrawal of U.S. Forces in Vietnam, 1962–64 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504231323/http://media.nara.gov/research/pentagon-papers/Pentagon-Papers-Part-IV-B-4.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> តែយ៉ាងណា កម្រិតគុណភាពក្នុងជួរកងទ័ពទាហានវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងគឺនៅខ្វះខាតច្រើន គួបផ្សំជាមួយនឹងអំពើពុករលួយនិងបក្សពួកនិយមពីលើបន្ថែម។ ការគាំទ្ររបស់ទីក្រុងហាណូយចំពោះវៀតមិញបានដើរតួនាទីយ៉ាងសំខាន់នៅក្នុងការកំណត់ជំនោរនៃសង្គ្រាមនេះពិតមែន ប៉ុន្តែភាពផុយស្រួយរបស់រដ្ឋាភិបាលនិងយោធាវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងក៏ជាកត្តាសំខាន់មួយផងដែរ។<ref name=McNamara/>{{Rp|៣៦៩}} [[File:President meets with Secretary of Defense. President Kennedy, Secretary McNamara. White House, Cabinet Room - NARA - 194244.jpg|thumb|ប្រធានាធិបតីខេនណឹឌីកំពុងពិភាក្សាជាមួយរដ្ឋមន្ត្រីការពារជាតិអាមេរិក លោក[[រ៉ូបឺត​ មាំខណឺមែរ៉ា]] ក្នុងខែមិថុនា ឆ្នាំ១៩៦២]] ទីប្រឹក្សា​លោកខេនណឹឌីចំនួនពីររូបគឺលោក[[ម៉ាក់ស្វែល ថេល័រ]] និង[[វ៉លត៍ រ៉ូស្តូវ]]បានណែនាំខេនណឹឌីឱ្យបញ្ជូនកងទ័ពអាមេរិកទៅកាន់វៀតណាមខាងត្បូង ដោយក្លែងពួកគេជាកម្មករជួយសង្គ្រោះក្នុងគ្រោះទឹកជំនន់ ប៉ុន្តែយ៉ាងណា ខេនណឹឌីបានបដិសេដនឹងគំនិតពួកគេ ហើយបែរមកផ្ដោតលើការបញ្ជូនជំនួយផ្គត់ផ្គង់យោធាវិញ។<ref>{{Cite news |last=Stavins |first=Ralph L. |date=22 July 1971 |title=A Special Supplement: Kennedy's Private War |work=The New York Review of Books |url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/1971/07/22/a-special-supplement-kennedys-private-war/ |access-date=19 March 2026 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406045200/https://www.nybooks.com/articles/1971/07/22/a-special-supplement-kennedys-private-war/|archive-date=April 6, 2023}}</ref> នៅក្នុងអាណត្តិអាយសិនហោវើ អាមេរិកបានបញ្ជូនទីប្រឹក្សាយោធា ៩០០ នាក់មកវៀតណាម រួចមកដល់ឆ្នាំ១៩៦១ ក្រោមប្រធានាធិបតីខេនណឹឌី ទីប្រឹក្សាអាមេរិកនៅវៀតណាមបានកើនហក់ឡើងមក ១៩,០០០ នាក់។<ref name=Hastings/>{{Rp|១៣១}} [[កម្មវិធីយុទ្ធសាស្ត្រភូមិតូច]]ត្រូវបានផ្តួចផ្តើមឡើងនៅចុងឆ្នាំ១៩៦១ រវាងសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក និងវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងដោយផ្លាស់ប្ដូរទីលំនៅប្រជាពលរដ្ឋតាមទីជនបទទៅកាន់ទីទួលដែលមានសុវត្ថិភាពពីពួកវៀតកុង។ ក៏ប៉ុន្តែគិតមកត្រឹមខែវិច្ឆិកា ឆ្នាំ១៩៦៣ វឌ្ឍនភាពកម្មវិធីមួយនេះក៏បានថយចុះ ហើយទីបំផុតក៏បានបិទបញ្ចប់នៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៦៤។<ref name=Tucker/>{{Rp|១០៧០}} រំលងមកខែកក្កដា ឆ្នាំ១៩៦២ ប្រទេសចំនួន ១៤ រួមមានប្រទេសចិន វៀតណាមខាងត្បូង សហភាពសូវៀត វៀតណាមខាងជើង និងសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកបានរួមគ្នាចុះហត្ថលេខាលើ[[កិច្ចព្រមព្រៀងអន្តរជាតិស្តីពីអព្យាក្រឹតភាពឡាវ]]។ ===រដ្ឋប្រហារ និងឃាតកម្មលើង៉ូ ឌិញឌៀម=== {{Main|ការចាប់ខ្លួន និងឃាតកម្មង៉ូ​ ឌិញឌៀម}} {{See also|សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកក្នុងសង្គ្រាមវៀតណាម|រដ្ឋប្រហារវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងឆ្នាំ១៩៦៣}} នៅលើសមរភូមិវិញ យោធាវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងបានបរាជ័យយ៉ាងអាម៉ាស់ ពិសេសនៅក្នុង[[សមរភូមិអាប់ប៉ាក]] ថ្វីបើខ្លួនមានកម្លាំងច្រើនជាងនិងអាវុធទំនើបជាងវៀតកុងក្ដី។<ref name="Sheehan">{{Cite book |last=Sheehan |first=Neil |title=A Bright Shining Lie – John Paul Vann and the American War in Vietnam |date=1989 |publisher=Vintage |isbn=978-0-679-72414-8|url=https://archive.org/details/brightshininglie0000shee_r0g3}}</ref>{{Rp|២០១–២០៦}} មន្ត្រីអាមេរិកបានចាប់ផ្ដើមសង្ស័យនិងមន្ទិលចំពោះសមត្ថភាពថ្នាក់ដឹកនាំវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង​ ពិសេសគឺលោកប្រធានាធិបតីឌៀមនោះឯង។ ឌៀមខ្លួនលោកផ្ទាល់ ក្រោយពីប្រឈមនឹងរដ្ឋប្រហារប៉ុនប៉ងផ្ដួលអំណាចលោកនៅ[[រដ្ឋប្រហារប៉ុនប៉ងវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងឆ្នាំ១៩៦០|ឆ្នាំ១៩៦០]] និង[[ការបំផ្ទុះគ្រាប់បែកនៅវិមានឯករាជ្យវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងឆ្នាំ១៩៦២|ឆ្នាំ១៩៦២]] លោកក៏ចាប់ផ្ដើមកើតក្ដីសង្ស័យនឹងមនុស្សជុំវិញខ្លួន ដោយដូច្នេះ លោកច្រើនតែផ្ដោតលើការការពារអំណាចតាមរយៈការតម្លើងតំណែងរបស់មនុស្សជំនិតរបស់លោកជាជាងការធ្វើសង្គ្រាមនឹងពួកកុម្មុយនីស្ត។ ប្អូនប្រុសប្រធានាធិបតីខេនណឹឌីគឺលោក[[រ៉ូបឹត ផ្វ. ខេនណឹឌី]]បានកត់សម្គាល់ថា "ឌៀមគឺមិនព្រមចុះចេញរំលែកអំណាចឡើយ។ គាត់ជាបុគ្គលម្នាក់ដែលពិបាកនិយាយជាមួយណាស់..."។<ref>Live interview by John Bartlow Martin. ''Was Kennedy Planning to Pull out of Vietnam?'' New York City. John F. Kennedy Library, 1964, Tape V, Reel 1.</ref> នៅខែឧសភា ឆ្នាំ១៩៦៣ ពុទ្ធសាសនិកវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងនៅទីក្រុង[[ហ្វេ]]បានចេញធ្វើបាតុកម្មប្រឆាំងនឹងបម្រាមរដ្ឋាភិបាលដែលហាមឃាត់ការបង្ហោះ[[ទង់ព្រះពុទ្ធសាសនា]]នៅ[[បុណ្យវិសាខបូជា|ថ្ងៃបុណ្យវិសាខបូជា]]។ កងកម្លាំងសន្តិសុខក្រោមរបបឌៀមបានបើកការបាញ់ប្រហារដោយសម្លាប់បាតុករចំនួនប្រាំបួននាក់ បង្កបង្កើតជា[[វិបត្តិព្រះពុទ្ធសាសនា]]។ ចលនាប្រឆាំងរបបឌៀមក្នុងចំណោមពុទ្ធសាសនិកបានរីកធំឡើងៗ ហើយនៅក្នុងខែសីហា ឆ្នាំ១៩៦៣ កងកម្លាំងពិសេសរបស់យោធាវៀតណាមក្រោមបញ្ជាការវរសេនីយ៍ឯក[[ឡេ ក្វាងទុង]]ដែលស្មោះស្ម័គ្រភក្ដីភាពចំពោះប្អូនប្រុសប្រធានាធិបតីឌៀមគឺង៉ូ ឌិញញូដែលនិយមកាន់សាសនាកាតូលិកនោះ បានចូលវាយបំផ្លាញវត្តអារាម បណ្តាលឱ្យមនុស្សរាប់រយនាក់ស្លាប់បាត់បង់ជីវិត។<ref name="NPV 2018">{{Cite journal |last=Nguyen |first=Phi-Vân |title=A Secular State for a Religious Nation: The Republic of Vietnam and Religious Nationalism, 1946–1963 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-asian-studies/article/secular-state-for-a-religious-nation-the-republic-of-vietnam-and-religious-nationalism-19461963/6686A381A12183648E76430BC646BC85 |journal=The Journal of Asian Studies |date=2018 |volume=77 |issue=3 |pages=741–771 |doi=10.1017/S0021911818000505 }}</ref> [[File:Arvncapture.jpg|thumb|upright=.8|left|កងទ័ពវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងកំពុងធ្វើការចាប់ខ្លួនទាហានវៀតកុង]] មន្ត្រីអាមេរិកបានចាប់ផ្តើមពិភាក្សាអំពីការផ្លាស់ប្តូររបបដឹកនាំនៅវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងក្នុងអំឡុងឆ្នាំ១៩៦៣។ ខណៈក្រសួងការបរទេសអាមេរិកមាននិន្នាការគាំទ្រឱ្យមានរដ្ឋប្រហារ ប៉ុន្តែមន្ទីរបញ្ចកោណវិញចង់បន្តរក្សាឌៀមជាក្បាលម៉ាស៊ីនដឹកនាំវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង។ ក្នុងចំណោមចំណុចប្តូររបបដែលបានស្នើឡើងនោះគឺ ការដកអំណាចប្អូនប្រុសរបស់ឌៀមឈ្មោះញូ ដែលកាលនុះកំពុងគ្រប់គ្រងនគរបាលសម្ងាត់និងកងកម្លាំងពិសេស ហើយត្រូវបានអាមេរិកមើលឃើញថាជាអ្នកនៅពីក្រោយការបង្ក្រាបគាបសង្កត់បាតុកម្មពុទ្ធសាសនិក និងជាបុគ្គលគ្រប់គ្រងគ្រួសារត្រកូលង៉ូ។ ទីភ្នាក់ងារស៊ើបការណ៍សម្ងាត់ សេអ៊ីអា របស់អាមេរិកបានទាក់ទងក្រុមឧត្តមសេនីយ៍ដែលមានគម្រោងប៉ុនប៉ងដកអំណាចរបស់ឌៀម ហើយបានប្រាប់ពួកគេថា សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកនឹងមិនប្រឆាំង ហើយក៏មិនដាក់ទោសពួកគេតាមការកាត់ផ្តាច់ជំនួយដែរ ប្រសិនបើពួកគេអនុវត្តតាមផែនការនោះ។ ទីបំផុត ឌៀមក៏ត្រូវបានគេផ្តួលរំលំ និងត្រូវប្រហារជីវិតរួមជាមួយប្អូនប្រុសរបស់លោកនៅថ្ងៃទី២ ខែវិច្ឆិកា ឆ្នាំ១៩៦៣។ លោកម៉ាក់ស្វែល ថេល័រនឹកឃើញថា បន្ទាប់ពីដំណឹងបានឆ្លងទៅដល់ខេនណឹឌី គាត់បាន "ប្រញាប់ប្រញាល់រត់ចេញពីបន្ទប់អមដោយទឹកមុខភ្ញាក់ផ្អើល និងចិត្តស្រងាក" ពោលគឺខេនណឹឌីមិនបានរំពឹងទុកជាមុនថាលោកឌៀមនឹងត្រូវបានគេសម្លាប់ដូចនេះសោះ។{{sfn|Karnow|1997|p=326}} ក្រោយពីរដ្ឋប្រហារទម្លាក់ឌៀម វៀតណាមខាងត្បូងបានធ្លាក់ទៅក្នុងភាពវឹកវរភ្លាមៗបង្កបង្កើតជាអស្ថេរភាពនយោបាយ ដោយរដ្ឋាភិបាលបង្កើតថ្មីៗត្រូវបានផ្ដួលរំលំម្តងហើយម្តងទៀតពីសំណាក់ក្រុមយោធា។ ដោយឃើញពីភាពចលាចលក្នុងរបបដឹកនាំនៅវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងបែបនេះ ទីក្រុងហាណូយក៏បានឆ្លៀតឱកាសបង្កើនការគាំទ្ររបស់ខ្លួនបន្ថែមចំពោះវៀតកុង និងបានចាត់ទុករបបនីមួយៗនៃវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងថាសុទ្ធតែជាអាយ៉ងរបស់អាមេរិក។<ref name=McNamara/>{{Rp|៣២៨}} អាមេរិកវិញនៅតែស្ទាក់ស្ទើរក្នុងការបញ្ជូនទ័ព ដោយមជ្ឈដ្ឋានថ្នាក់ដឹកនាំ និងស្ថាប័នផ្សេងៗបានខ្វែងគំនិតគ្នាទៅលើរបៀបអន្តរាគមន៍របស់អាមេរិកនៅក្នុងសង្គ្រាមនេះ។<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2015 |title=Counterinsurgency in Vietnam: Lessons for Today |url=https://www.afsa.org/counterinsurgency-vietnam-lessons-today |website=The Foreign Service Journal|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407114858/https://afsa.org/counterinsurgency-vietnam-lessons-today|archive-date=April 7, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pacification |url=http://www.vietnamgear.com/dictionary/pacification.aspx |website=Vietnam War Dictionary|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405065336/http://www.vietnamgear.com/dictionary.aspx?s=pacification|archive-date=April 5, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Blaufarb |first=Douglas S. |title=The Counterinsurgency Era: U.S. Doctrine and Performance, 1950 to the Present |date=1977 |publisher=Free Press |isbn=978-0-02-903700-3 |page=119}}</ref> [[បញ្ជាការជំនួយយោធា (វៀតណាម)|មេបញ្ជាការកងកម្លាំងអាមេរិកនៅវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង]]គឺលោកឧត្តមសេនីយ៍[[ផោល ហារឃីនស៍]] បានទស្សន៍ទាយដោយមានទំនុកចិត្តថា វៀតណាមខាងត្បូងនឹងទទួលបានជ័យជម្នះនៅត្រឹមកំឡុងពិធីបុណ្យណូអែលនៃឆ្នាំ១៩៦៣<ref name=Herring/>{{Rp|១០៣}} ប៉ុន្តែទីភ្នាក់ងារស៊ើបការណ៍សម្ងាត់ សេអ៊ីអា វិញបានសម្ដែងចេញនូវទុទិដ្ឋិនិយម ដោយព្រមានថា "វៀតកុងជាក់ស្ដែងកំពុងគ្រប់គ្រងលើតំបន់ទឹកដីជនបទភាគច្រើននៅវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង ហើយនាពេលថ្មីៗនេះបានកំពុងបង្កើនកិច្ចប្រឹងប្រែងយោធារបស់ពួកគេ"។<ref>{{Cite book |last=Schandler |first=Herbert Y. |url=https://archive.org/details/americainvietnam0000scha |title=America in Vietnam: The War That Couldn't Be Won |date=2009 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-0-7425-6697-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/americainvietnam0000scha/page/36 36] |url-access=registration}}</ref> ==ឈូងសមុទ្រតុងកឹង និងអាណត្តិចនសុន ឆ្នាំ១៩៦៣–៦៩== {{Main|សង្គ្រាមកិច្ចរួមនៅវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងឆ្នាំ១៩៦៣–១៩៦៩}} ប្រធានាធីបតីខេនណឹឌីត្រូវបានគេលបធ្វើឃាតនៅថ្ងៃទី២២ ខែវិច្ឆិកា ឆ្នាំ១៩៦៣។ លោកអនុប្រធានាធិបតី[[លីនដឹន ប. ចនសុន]]ដែលបានឡើងស្នងពីខេនណឹឌី ដើមឡើយរូបលោកមិនសូវជាជាប់ទាក់ទងនឹងគោលនយោបាយប្រឆាំងលទ្ធិកុម្មុយនីស្តប៉ុន្មានទេ<ref name="Karnow 1997 336_339">{{Harvnb|Karnow|1997|pp=336–339}}</ref> ប៉ុន្តែក្រោយពីក្លាយជាប្រធានាធិបតីនោះ លោកចនសុនក៏បានប្រឡូកចូលក្នុងគោលនយោបាយទាំងមូលនោះភ្លាមៗ។<ref>{{Harvnb|Karnow|1997|p=339}}.</ref> ===ហេតុការណ៍ឈូងសមុទ្រតុងកឹង=== {{Main|ហេតុការណ៍ឈូងសមុទ្រតុងកឹង}} [[File:Bombing in Vietnam.jpg|thumb|upright=.8|យន្តហោះអាមេរិកកំពុងទម្លាក់គ្រាប់បែកលើវៀតណាមខាងជើង]] នៅថ្ងៃទី២ ខែសីហា ឆ្នាំ១៩៦៤ នាវាចម្បាំងឈ្មោះ ម៉ាដដុក របស់អាមេរិក ដែលកំពុងស៊ើបការណ៍សម្ងាត់តាមបណ្តោយឆ្នេរសមុទ្រវៀតណាមខាងជើង បានធ្វើការបាញ់ប្រហារលើ និងបំផ្លាញទូកដឹកគ្រាប់របស់វៀតណាម នៅក្នុងបរិវេណឈូងសមុទ្រតុងកឹង។<ref name=Kolko/>{{Rp|១២៤}} ហេតុការណ៍វាយប្រហារលើកទីពីរត្រូវបានគេរាយការណ៍ថាបានកើតឡើងនៅរយៈពេលពីរថ្ងៃក្រោយមក ចំពោះនាវាចម្បាំងអាមេរិកពីរគ្រឿងឈ្មោះ ធើនណឺរ ជ័យ និងម៉ាដដុក ប៉ុន្តែការវាយប្រហារលើកទីពីរនេះមិនមានរបាយការណ៍បញ្ជាក់ជាក់លាក់ច្បាស់លាស់ដូចមុនទេ។{{sfn|Hastings|2018|pp=218–219}} របាយការណ៍ស៊ើបអង្កេតរបស់[[ទីភ្ញាក់ងារសន្តិសុខជាតិ]]អាមេរិកនៅឆ្នាំ២០០៥ បានបង្ហាញថា គ្មានភស្តុងតាងណាបានបញ្ជាក់ពីការវាយប្រហារលើកងនាវាអាមេរិកនៅថ្ងៃទី៤ ខែសីហាឡើយ។<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hanyok |first1=Robert J. |title=Skunks, Bogies, Silent Hounds, and the Flying Fish |journal=Cryptologic Quarterly|url=https://www.nsa.gov/portals/75/documents/news-features/declassified-documents/gulf-of-tonkin/articles/release-1/rel1_skunks_bogies.pdf|location=Fort Meade|publisher=[[ទីភ្ញាក់ងារសន្តិសុខជាតិ|National Security Agency]] |date=2001 |volume=19/20 |issue=4/1 |pages=1–55}}</ref> អ្វីដែលធ្វើឱ្យការវាយប្រហារលើកទីពីរនេះពិសេសនោះគឺវាបានបើកដៃឱ្យអាមេរិកវាយតបតវិញ និងបានជំរុញឱ្យសភាអនុម័ត[[សេចក្តីសម្រេចឈូងសមុទ្រតុងកឹង]]នៅថ្ងៃទី៧ ខែសីហា ពោលគឺការប្រកាសសង្គ្រាមលើវៀតណាមខាងជើង។<ref>{{Cite book |last=Moïse |first=Edwin E. |title=Tonkin Gulf and the Escalation of the Vietnam War |edition= revised |location=Annapolis |publisher=Naval Institute Press |year=2019 |isbn=978-1-68247-424-2 }}</ref>{{Rp|២២២–២៤៤}} ក្រោយការអនុម័តសេចក្ដីសម្រេចនោះ [[ក្រុមប្រឹក្សាសន្តិសុខជាតិសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក|ក្រុមប្រឹក្សាសន្តិសុខជាតិអាមេរិក]]បានណែនាំឱ្យរដ្ឋាភិបាលអាមេរិកបង្កើនការទម្លាក់គ្រាប់បែកនៅវៀតណាមខាងជើង។ បន្ទាប់ពីវៀតកុងបាន[[ការវាយប្រហារលើជំរុំហូល្លូវ៉េយ៍|វាយប្រហារលើមូលដ្ឋានទ័ពអាមេរិក]]ក្នុងខែកុម្ភៈ ឆ្នាំ១៩៦៥<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simon |first=Dennis M. |date=August 2002 |title=The War in Vietnam, 1965–1968 |url=http://faculty.smu.edu/dsimon/Change-Viet2.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090426064833/http://faculty.smu.edu/dsimon/Change-Viet2.html |archive-date=26 April 2009 |access-date=23 March 2026 |archivedate=26 មេសា 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090426064833/http://faculty.smu.edu/dsimon/Change-Viet2.html }}</ref> ចំពេលតែមួយនៃដំណើរទស្សនកិច្ចផ្លូវរដ្ឋនៅវៀតណាមខាងជើងដោយនាយករដ្ឋមន្ត្រីសូវៀត លោក[[អាឡិចស៊ី កូស៊ីហ្គីន]]។ អាមេរិកក៏បានឆក់យកឱកាសនេះជាលេសដើម្បីផ្តួចផ្តើមយុទ្ធនាការទម្លាក់គ្រាប់បែករបស់ខ្លួនដោយបានអូសបន្លាយអស់រយៈពេលបីឆ្នាំ{{Sfn|Nalty|1998|pp=97, 261}} ក្នុងគោលដៅកាត់ផ្ដាច់ការគាំទ្រវៀតកុងពីវៀតណាមខាងជើង។<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tilford |first=Earl L. |url=https://media.defense.gov/2017/Apr/07/2001728434/-1/-1/0/B_0040_TILFORD_SETUP.PDF |title=Setup: What the Air Force did in Vietnam and Why |date=1991 |publisher=Air University Press |page=89|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404230151/https://media.defense.gov/2017/Apr/07/2001728434/-1/-1/0/B_0040_TILFORD_SETUP.PDF|archive-date=April 4, 2023}}</ref> ===ការទម្លាក់គ្រាប់បែកនៅឡាវ=== {{Main|សង្គ្រាមផ្ទៃក្នុងឡាវ}} ការទម្លាក់គ្រាប់បែកដោយអាមេរិកគឺមិនបានកំណត់ចំពោះតែវៀតណាមខាងជើងឡើយ ពោលគឺយុទ្ធនាការតាមផ្លូវអាកាសនេះអាចប៉ះពាល់ដល់ប្រទេសទាំងអស់ដែលមានវត្តមានហេដ្ឋារចនាសម្ព័ន្ធវៀតកុង​ និងវៀតណាមខាងជើង ដូចជាប្រទេសឡាវ និងកម្ពុជាជាដើមដែលមាន[[ផ្លូវលំហូជីមិញ]]រត់ឆ្លងកាត់។ ប្រទេសឡាវដែលប្រកាន់អព្យាក្រឹតភាពពីមុនបានក្លាយជាសមរភូមិនៃ[[សង្គ្រាមផ្ទៃក្នុងឡាវ|សង្គ្រាមស៊ីវិល]]បង្ហូរឈាមដ៏ព្រៃផ្សៃមួយទៀត ដោយក្រុមប៉ៈថេតឡាវដែលគាំទ្រដោយវៀតណាមខាងជើងបានងើបបះបោរប្រឆាំងនឹង[[ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រឡាវ|រាជរដ្ឋាភិបាលឡាវ]]នាពេលនោះដែលមានអាមេរិកជាសម្ព័ន្ធមិត្ត។ ការទម្លាក់គ្រាប់បែកតាមអាកាសប្រឆាំងនឹងកងកម្លាំងប៉ៈថេតឡាវនិងវៀតណាមខាងជើងគឺត្រូវធ្វើឡើងដើម្បីការពារការដួលរលំនៃរដ្ឋាភិបាលក្នុងស្រុក និងដើម្បីកម្ទេចផ្លូវលំហូជីមិញនោះ។ ចន្លោះពីឆ្នាំ១៩៦៤ និងឆ្នាំ១៩៧៣ សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកបានទម្លាក់គ្រាប់បែកចំនួនពីរលានតោនទៅលើប្រទេសឡាវ ស្រដៀងគ្នាទៅនឹងបរិមាណគ្រាប់បែកចំនួន ២.១ លានតោនដែលសាមីខ្លួនបានទម្លាក់នៅទ្វីបអឺរ៉ុបនិងអាស៊ីកាលពីកំឡុងសម័យសង្គ្រាមលោកលើកទី២ ដោយនេះបានធ្វើឱ្យឡាវក្លាយជាប្រទេសដែលទទួលរងគ្រាប់ទម្លាក់ច្រើនជាងគេបំផុតក្នុងប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ។<ref name="KiernanTaylor">{{Cite journal |last1=Kiernan |first1=Ben |author-link=Ben Kiernan |last2=Owen |first2=Taylor |date=26 April 2015 |title=Making More Enemies than We Kill? Calculating U.S. Bomb Tonnages Dropped on Laos and Cambodia, and Weighing Their Implications |url=http://apjjf.org/2015/13/16/Ben-Kiernan/4313.html |journal=The Asia-Pacific Journal |volume=13 |issue=17 |id=4313 |access-date=23 March 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326111723/https://apjjf.org/Ben-Kiernan/4313.html|archive-date=March 26, 2023}}</ref> តែយ៉ាងណា គោលដៅចម្បងដែលប៉ងកម្ទេចវៀតកុង និងវៀតណាមខាងជើងតាមរយៈការទម្លាក់គ្រាប់បែកនេះគឺមិនបានសម្រេចទេ។{{sfn|Hastings|2018|p=328}} ===ការវាយលុកក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៦៤=== [[File:DongXoaiHuey-65a.JPG|thumb|កងកម្លាំងវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង និងទីប្រឹក្សាយោធាអាមេរិកកំពុងត្រួតពិនិត្យឧទ្ធម្ភាគចក្រដែលត្រូវបានបាញ់ទម្លាក់ក្នុង[[សមរភូមិដុងស្វាយ]] ខែមិថុនា ឆ្នាំ១៩៦៥]] នៅពេលអាមេរិកអនុម័តសេចក្តីសម្រេចតុងកឹង ទីក្រុងហាណូយភ្លាមៗបានរំពឹងទុកជាមុនអំពីវត្តមានឆាប់ៗនៃកងទ័ពអាមេរិក ហើយក៏បានបង្កើននិងពង្រឹងកងកម្លាំងរបស់ខ្លួន ក៏ដូចជាការបញ្ជូនទ័ពបន្ថែមទៅភាគខាងត្បូង។{{sfn|Hastings|2018|p=223}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Vietnam War After Action Reports |publisher=BACM Research |page=[{{GBurl|id=Dch3m7u2K5YC|p=84}} 84] }}</ref> ប្រវត្តិវិទូបានកត់សម្គាល់ថា "ជួរកងទ័ពវៀតកុងបានកើនពីកម្លាំងប្រមាណត្រឹម ៥,០០០ នាក់នៅដើមឆ្នាំ១៩៥៩ ឡើងរហូតដល់ប្រមាណ ១០០,០០០ នាក់នៅចុងឆ្នាំ១៩៦៤ ... ចន្លោះឆ្នាំ១៩៦១-៦៤ កម្លាំងវៀតកុងបានកើនឡើងបន្ថែមដល់ប្រមាណ ៨៥០,០០០ នាក់ជិតមួយលាននាក់"។{{Sfn|Demma|1989}} ចំណែកឯចំនួនកងទ័ពអាមេរិកនៅវិញគឺមានកម្រិតទាបជាងច្រើនឆ្ងាយណាស់ ពោលគឺមានប្រមាណ ២,០០០ នាក់នៅឆ្នាំ១៩៦១ ហើយកើនបានត្រឹមតែ ១៦,៥០០ នាក់ប៉ុណ្ណោះនៅឆ្នាំ១៩៦៤។<ref name="Kahin">{{Cite book |last1=Kahin |first1=George |title=The United States in Vietnam: An analysis in depth of the history of America's involvement in Vietnam |last2=Lewis |first2=John W. |author-link2=John Wilson Lewis |date=1967 |publisher=Delta Books}}</ref> នៅក្នុងខែធ្នូ ឆ្នាំ១៩៦៤ វៀតកុងបានទទួលជ័យជម្នះដ៏ធំនៅក្នុង[[សមរភូមិបិញហ្សា]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Moyar |first=Mark |title=Triumph Forsaken: The Vietnam War, 1954–1965 |date=2006 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-86911-9 |page=[{{GBurl|id=phJrZ87RwuAC|p=339}} 339]}}</ref> ដោយពីមុនវៀតកុងធ្លាប់តែប្រើប្រាស់យុទ្ធសាស្ត្រទ័ពព្រៃវាយរួចដកថយ ប៉ុន្តែលើកនេះ វៀតកុងបានបំបាក់កម្លាំងវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងដ៏រឹងមាំដោយប្រើ[[សង្គ្រាមកិច្ចតាមអនុសញ្ញា]]។<ref name="McNeill">{{Cite book |last=McNeill |first=Ian |title=To Long Tan: The Australian Army and the Vietnam War 1950–1966 |date=1993 |publisher=Allen & Unwin |isbn=978-1-86373-282-6}}</ref>{{Rp|៥៨}} ជាបន្តបន្ទាប់ កងកម្លាំងវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងត្រូវទទួលបរាជ័យម្តងទៀតនៅក្នុងខែមិថុនា ឆ្នាំ១៩៦៥ ក្នុង[[សមរភូមិដុងស្វាយ]]។<ref name=McNeill/>{{Rp|៩៤}} ===សង្គ្រាមដីគោកអាមេរិក=== {{See also|ពុទ្ធបះបោរ}} [[File:Vietcongsuspect.jpg|thumb|កងម៉ារីនអាមេរិកម្នាក់កំពុងចាប់ជនសង្ស័យជាវៀតកុងក្នុងកំឡុងប្រតិបត្តិការស្វែងរកនិងបោសសម្អាតនៅទីតាំងដែលមានចម្ងាយ ២៤ គីឡូម៉ែត្រពីភាគខាងលិច[[មូលដ្ឋានទ័ពអាកាសដាណាង]] ឆ្នាំ១៩៦៥។]] នៅថ្ងៃទី៨ ខែមីនា ឆ្នាំ១៩៦៥ កងម៉ារីនអាមេរិកចំនួន ៣,៥០០ នាក់បានចុះចតនៅជិតទីក្រុងដាណាងក្នុងប្រទេសវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង{{sfn|Hastings|2018|pp=246–247}} ដែលជាសញ្ញាបញ្ជាក់ពីការចាប់ផ្តើមនៃសង្គ្រាមដីគោកដោយអាមេរិក។ មតិសាធារណៈអាមេរិកវិញបានគាំទ្រយ៉ាងភ្លូកទឹកភ្លូកដីចំពោះការបញ្ជូនទ័ពមកវៀតណាមនេះ។<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2002 |title=Generations Divide Over Military Action in Iraq |url=http://www.people-press.org/2002/10/17/generations-divide-over-military-action-in-iraq |publisher=Pew Research Center|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121005317/https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2002/10/17/generations-divide-over-military-action-in-iraq/|archive-date=21 November 2022}}</ref> ភារកិច្ចដំបូងរបស់កងម៉ារីននៅវៀតណាមគឺការពារមូលដ្ឋានទ័ពអាកាសដាណាង។ មកដល់ខែធ្នូនៃឆ្នាំដដែរ ចំនួនទ័ពអាមេរិកបានហក់ឡើងដល់ ២០០,០០០ នាក់។<ref name=McNamara/>{{Rp|៣៤៩–៣៥១}} ដើម្បីឈ្នះសង្គ្រាមនេះ លោកនាយឧត្តមសេនីយ៍[[វ៉ឹល្លៀម វ៉ិសស្មលែន្ត៍]]បានគូសបញ្ជាក់ពីផែនការបីចំណុច៖ *ដំណាក់កាលទី១៖ កងកម្លាំងអាមេរិក និងសម្ព័ន្ធមិត្តត្រូវប្ដេជ្ញាធ្វើយ៉ាងមិចឱ្យបង្វែរជោគវាសនាលើសមរភូមិមកឈ្នះលើសត្រូវវិញនៅត្រឹមចុងឆ្នាំ១៩៦៥។ *ដំណាក់កាលទី ២៖ កងកម្លាំងអាមេរិក និងសម្ព័ន្ធមិត្តត្រូវធ្វើសកម្មភាពវាយលុកទ្រង់ទ្រាយធំដើម្បីកម្ទេចកម្លាំងទ័ពព្រៃ និងរាល់កម្លាំងសត្រូវទាំងឡាយទៀត។ ដំណាក់កាលនេះនឹងបញ្ចប់ នៅពេលដែលកម្លាំងសត្រូវត្រូវបានកម្ទេចស្ទើរទាំងស្រុង និងដកថយចេញពីតំបន់មានប្រជាជនរស់នៅច្រើន។ *ដំណាក់កាលទី៣៖ ប្រសិនបើសត្រូវនៅបន្តតតាំងវិញ នោះដំណាក់កាលទី២ នឹងត្រូវបន្តរយៈពេល ១២–១៨ ខែបន្ទាប់ ដើម្បីបំផ្លាញកម្លាំងសត្រូវដែលនៅសេសសល់តាមតំបន់មូលដ្ឋានដាច់ស្រយាល។<ref>United States – Vietnam Relations, 1945–1967: A Study Prepared by the Department of Defense, vol. 5, pp. 8–9.</ref> ផែនការខាងលើត្រូវបានអនុម័តដោយចចសុន ដោយវាបានសម្គាល់ពីការចាកឆ្ងាយពីគោលនយោបាយមុនៗដែលអាមេរិកធ្លាប់គ្រាន់តែជាអ្នកផ្ដល់ជំនួយ ខណៈវ៉ិសស្មលែន្ត៍វិញបានព្យាករណ៍ទាយថាខ្លួននឹងទទួលបានជ័យជម្នះត្រឹមខែធ្នូ ឆ្នាំ១៩៦៧។<ref>United States – Vietnam Relations, 1945–1967: A Study Prepared by the Department of Defense, vol. 4, pp. 117–19. and vol. 5, pp. 8–12.</ref> ថ្វីបើអាមេរិកមកដល់ចំណុចនេះបានប្រកាន់យកគោលនយោបាយបែបប្រទូសប្រឆាំងវៀតកុងនៅវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងមែន ប៉ុន្តែចចសុនបានបដិសេដមិនវាយឆ្លងចូលដល់វៀតណាមខាងជើងឡើយ ដោយបារម្ភខ្លាចចិននិងសូវៀតចូលអន្តរាគមន៍ផ្ទាល់ដូចខ្លួនដែរ។<ref>{{cite book|last=Lind|first=Michael|title=Vietnam, The Necessary War: A Reinterpretation of America's Most Disastrous Military Conflict|publisher=Free Press|year=1999|isbn=0-684-84254-8|pages=83–89}}</ref> វត្តមានរបស់ទ័ពអាមេរិកបានធ្វើឱ្យសេដ្ឋកិច្ចវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងផ្លាស់ប្ដូរ និងបានជះឥទ្ធិពលយ៉ាងខ្លាំងក្លាដល់សង្គម។ ទំនិញផលិតកម្មបរទេសជាច្រើនបាននាំចូលមកវៀតណាមខាងជើង។ ទីក្រុងវ៉ាស៊ីនតោនបានលើកទឹកចិត្តសម្ព័ន្ធមិត្ត[[អង្គការសន្ធិសញ្ញាអាស៊ីអាគ្នេយ៍|ស៊ីតូ]]របស់ខ្លួនឱ្យចូលរួមចំណែកបញ្ជូនកងទ័ពមកជួយវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង ដោយក្នុងនោះមានប្រទេសអូស្ត្រាលី នូវែលសេឡង់ ថៃ និងហ្វីលីពីនបានទទួលយល់ព្រម។{{sfn|Karnow|1997|p=556}} តែយ៉ាងណា សម្ព័ន្ធមិត្តសំខាន់ៗមួយចំនួនទៀតដូចជា កាណាដា និងចក្រភពអង់គ្លេស បានបដិសេធសំណើសុំជំនួយទ័ពពីអាមេរិក។<ref>{{Cite book |last=Church |first=Peter |title=A Short History of South-East Asia |date=2006 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-0-470-82481-8 |page=193}}</ref> [[File:Vietnamese villagers suspected of being communists by the US Army - 1966.jpg|thumb|upright=.8|កសិករយួនដែលអាមេរិកចាប់ដោយសង្ស័យថាជាពួកវៀតកុង, ១៩៦៦]] សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកនិងរួមទាំងសម្ព័ន្ធមិត្តខ្លួនបានបើកប្រតិបត្តិការស្វែងរកនិងកម្ទេចយ៉ាងកំរោល។ នៅក្នុងខែវិច្ឆិកា ឆ្នាំ១៩៦៥ ទាហានអាមេរិកបានប៉ះទង្គិចគ្នាជាមួយកងទ័ពវៀតណាមខាងជើងជាលើកដំបូងនៅក្នុង[[សមរភូមិអ៊ីយ៉ាដ្រាង]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Galloway |first=Joseph |date=18 October 2010 |title=Ia Drang – The Battle That Convinced Ho Chi Minh He Could Win |url=http://www.historynet.com/ia-drang-where-battlefield-losses-convinced-ho-giap-and-mcnamara-the-u-s-could-never-win.htm |access-date=2 May 2016 |publisher=Historynet|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322083652/https://www.historynet.com/ia-drang-where-battlefield-losses-convinced-ho-giap-and-mcnamara-the-u-s-could-never-win/?f|archive-date=March 22, 2023}}</ref> ដោយនេះជាសមរភូមិដំបូងដែលអាមេរិកបានប្រើប្រាស់ឧទ្ធម្ភាគចក្រវាយប្រហារលើសត្រូវ ក៏ដូចជាយន្តហោះទម្លាក់គ្រាប់បែកប្រភេទ [[បី-៥២ ស្ត្រាតូហ្វរត្រេស]]។{{sfn|Hastings|2018|pp=284–285}} យុទ្ធសាស្ត្រទាំងនេះបានអូសបន្លាយក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៦៦–៦៧ ប៉ុន្តែយ៉ាងណា ពួកទាហានវៀតកុងនិងវៀតណាមខាងជើងនៅតែបន្តលេចមុខចេញម្តងហើយម្តងទៀត ដែលនេះបញ្ជាក់ពីភាពបត់បែនខាងយុទ្ធសាស្ត្ររបស់ពួកគេ។ នៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៦៧ សង្គ្រាមបានរុញឱ្យមានជនភៀសខ្លួនក្នុងស្រុកចំនួនពីរលាននាក់នៅវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង ដោយមានប្រជាជនប្រមាណ ១២៥,០០០ នាក់ត្រូវបានជម្លៀសចេញពីផ្ទះសម្បែងពួកគេដោយគ្មានជម្រកអ្វីជ្រកកោន ជាលទ្ធផលនៃប្រតិបត្តិការស្វែងរកនិងកម្ទេចទ្រង់ទ្រាយធំរបស់អាមេរិក។<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ward |first1=Geoffrey C. |title=The Vietnam War: An Intimate History |last2=Burns |first2=Ken |date=5 September 2017 |publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group |isbn=978-1-5247-3310-0 |page=[{{GBurl|id=i4KyDQAAQBAJ|q=125}} 125] }}</ref> ប្រតិបត្តិការស្វែងរកនិងកម្ទេចរបស់អាមេរិកនេះផងដែរមានប្រសិទ្ធភាពតែដំបូងនោះទេ ដោយរយៈពេលត្រឹមតែបួនខែប៉ុណ្ណោះ គេបានឃើញមានវត្តមានទាហានវៀតកុងជាថ្មីនៅក្នុងតំបន់ធ្លាប់ស្ថិតក្រោមប្រតិបត្តិការនោះ។<ref name="Ward">{{Cite book |last1=Ward |first1=Geoffrey C. |title=The Vietnam War: An Intimate History |last2=Burns |first2=Ken |date=2017 |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |isbn=978-0-307-70025-4}}</ref>{{Rp|១៥៣–១៥៦}} ទន្ទឹមគ្នានេះដែរ នយោបាយវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងក៏បានចាប់ផ្តើមមានស្ថិរភាពឡើងវិញបណ្ដើរៗ បន្ទាប់ពីការឡើងកាន់អំណាចជានាយករដ្ឋមន្ត្រីដោយលោកសេនាប្រមុខអាកាស[[ង្វៀន កាវកី]] និងប្រមុខរដ្ឋ នាយឧត្តមសេនីយ៍[[ង្វៀន វ៉ាន់ធៀវ]]នៅកំឡុងពាក់កណ្តាលឆ្នាំ១៩៦៥។ នៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៦៧ លោកធៀវបានក្លាយជាប្រធានាធិបតី ដោយមានកីជាអនុប្រធានាធិបតី បន្ទាប់ពីអ្នកទាំងពីរបានយកឈ្នះក្នុងការបោះឆ្នោតដ៏ពុករលួយមួយ។ ទោះបីជាមានឈ្មោះជារដ្ឋាភិបាលស៊ីវិលក្ដី ប៉ុន្តែកីបានក្ដោបក្ដាប់អំណាចតាមរយៈស្ថាប័នយោធានៅពីក្រោយឆាក ខណៈលោកវ៉ាន់ធៀវបានបន្តកាន់តំណែងជាប្រធានាធិបតីរហូតដល់ឆ្នាំ១៩៧៥។{{sfn|Karnow|1997|p=706}} ==ប្រតិបត្តិការវាយលុកតេត== {{Main|ការវាយលុកតេត}} [[File:T4 Vietcong Tet Offensive.jpg|thumb|ទាហានវៀតកុងថតរូបជុំគ្នាមុនចេញទៅចូលរួមប្រតិបត្តិការតេត]] [[File:ARVN in action HD-SN-99-02062.JPEG|thumb|កងទ័ពវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងកំពុងធ្វើសកម្មភាពវាយប្រហារក្នុងតំបន់ឈរជើងវៀតកុងក្នុងតំបន់[[ដីសណ្តមេគង្គ]]]] នៅចុងឆ្នាំ១៩៦៧ កងទ័ពប្រជាជនវៀតណាមបានប្រទាញកងកម្លាំងអាមេរិកមកប្រយុទ្ធគ្នានៅទីតំបន់ដាច់ស្រយាលក្នុងភូមិសាស្ត្រ[[សមរភូមិដាក់តូ|ដាក់តូ]] និង[[សមរភូមិខេសាញ់|ខេសាញ់]] ដោយនេះជាយុទ្ធសាស្ត្របង្វែរទិសដៅបញ្ឆោតកម្លាំងអាមេរិកឱ្យមកប្រយុទ្ធក្នុង[[តំបន់ខ្ពង់រាបកណ្ដាល (វៀតណាម)|តំបន់ខ្ពង់រាបកណ្តាល]]។<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 June 2006 |title=Interview with NVA General Tran Van Tra {{!}} HistoryNet |url=http://www.historynet.com/interview-with-nva-general-tran-van-tra.htm |access-date=25 March 2026 |website=www.historynet.com |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409152943/https://www.historynet.com/interview-with-nva-general-tran-van-tra/?f|archive-date=April 9, 2023}}</ref> ដំណាលគ្នានេះ ប្រតិបត្តិការតេតបានកំពុងតែគ្រោងទុក ដោយក្នុងនោះ គេបានចាត់ឱ្យកងកម្លាំងក្រោមបញ្ជាការនាយឧត្តមសេនីយ៍[[វ៉ាន់ ទានស៊ុង]] "បើកការវាយប្រហារផ្ទាល់ទៅលើទីតាំងទាហានអាមេរិក និងអាយ៉ងរបស់ពួកគេ ដូចនៅក្នុងទីក្រុងសៃហ្គន [[ហ្វេ]] ដាណាំង ទីប្រជុំជននានា និងមូលដ្ឋានសំខាន់ៗផ្សេងទៀត [...]"។<ref name="Wilson">{{Cite news |date=20 October 2014 |title=The Urban Movement and the Planning and Execution of the Tet Offensive |work=Wilson Center |url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/the-urban-movement-and-the-planning-and-execution-the-tet-offensive |access-date=25 March 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409152950/https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/the-urban-movement-and-the-planning-and-execution-the-tet-offensive|archive-date=April 9, 2023}}</ref> លោកនាយឧត្តមសេនីយ៍ឡេ ស៊ួន​បានលើកឡើងថា យើងអាចទទួលជោគជ័យ​​តាម​ផែនការនេះបានដោយបញ្ឆេះឱ្យមានការ​បះបោរ​នៅ​តាម​ទីក្រុង និង​ទីប្រជុំជន​ផ្សេងៗ<ref name="Nguyen">{{Cite book |last=Nguyen |first=Lien-Hang T. |title=Hanoi's War: An International History of the War for Peace in Vietnam |date=2012 |publisher=Univ of North Carolina Press |isbn=978-1-4696-2835-6}}</ref>{{Rp|៩០–៩៤}}{{Rp|១៤៨}} បន្ថែមពីលើការរត់ចោលជួរក្នុង​ចំណោម​អង្គភាពវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងមកចូលរួមជាមួយកម្លាំងកុម្មុយនីស្ត។<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wiest |first=Andrew |date=1 March 2018 |title=Opinion {{!}} The Tet Offensive Was Not About Americans |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/01/opinion/tet-offensive-americans-vietnam.html |access-date=25 March 2026 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416233243/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/01/opinion/tet-offensive-americans-vietnam.html|archive-date=April 16, 2023 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> ប្រតិបត្តិការតេតបានចាប់ផ្តើមនៅកំឡុងខែមករា ឆ្នាំ១៩៦៨ នៅពេលដែលទីប្រជុំជននៅវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងជាង ១០០ ទីតាំងត្រូវរងការវាយប្រហារពីសំណាក់កងទ័ពវៀតកុង/វៀតណាមខាងជើងប្រមាណជាង ៨៥,០០០ នាក់ ដោយការវាយប្រហារនីមួយៗច្រើនផ្ដោតលើទីតាំងយោធា ទីស្នាក់ការកណ្តាល និងអគាររដ្ឋាភិបាល រួមទាំងស្ថានទូតអាមេរិកនៅទីក្រុងសៃហ្គនផងដែរ។<ref name=McNamara/>{{Rp|៣៦៣–៣៦៥}} កងកម្លាំងអាមេរិក និងវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងបានកើតការភ្ញាក់ផ្អើលយ៉ាងខ្លាំងចំពោះទំហំ និងកម្រិតវាយប្រហារទាំងនោះ ព្រោះថាការបញ្ជូនទាហាន/ទីប្រឹក្សា និងអាវុធយោធានានាចូលក្នុងទីក្រុងប្រជុំជននៃវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង គឺសុទ្ធតែបានធ្វើឡើងដោយសម្ងាត់។<ref name=Wilson/> ទីក្រុងជាច្រើនត្រូវធ្លាក់ក្រោមការត្រួតត្រារបស់កម្លាំងវៀតកុង/វៀតណាមខាងជើង ប៉ុន្តែត្រូវបានរំដោះវិញក្នុងរយៈពេលត្រឹមមួយ ឬពីរសប្តាហ៍ប៉ុណ្ណោះ លើកលែងតែ[[សមរភូមិហ្វេ|អតីតរាជធានីហ្វេ]] ដែលត្រូវបានកងកម្លាំងកុម្មុយនីស្តកាន់កាប់បានរយៈពេល ២៦ ថ្ងៃ។{{sfn|Bowden|2017|p=495}} ជាលទ្ធផល ពួកគេបាន[[ការសម្លាប់រង្គាលនៅហ្វេ|ប្រហារជីវិតជនស៊ីវិលប្រមាណ​ ២,៨០០ នាក់នៅហ្វេ]] ដែលពួកគេបានសង្ស័យថាជាចារកម្ម<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hosmer |first=Stephen T. |title=Viet Cong Repression and its Implications for the Future |date=1970 |publisher=Rand Corporation |pages=72–8}}</ref>{{sfn|Bowden|2017|p=495}} ហើយទីក្រុងប្រមាណ ៨០% ត្រូវរងការខូចខាតជាទម្ងន់ក្រោមការវាយប្រហារពីសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក។<ref name=Kolko/>{{Rp|៣០៨–៣០៩}} នៅទីក្រុងសៃហ្គនវិញ កម្លាំងកុម្មុយនីស្តបានដណ្ដើមកាន់កាប់តំបន់នៅជុំវិញទីក្រុង ដោយបានវាយប្រហារទីតាំងហេដ្ឋារចនាសម្ព័ន្ធសំខាន់ៗរបស់អាមេរិក និងវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង មុនពេលត្រូវបានវាយបណ្ដេញចេញវិញ។{{sfn|Hastings|2018|p=479}} នៅក្នុងខែដំបូងនៃប្រតិបត្តិការតេត ទាហានអាមេរិកនិងសម្ព័ន្ធមិត្តប្រមាណ​ ១,១០០ នាក់ ព្រមទាំងទាហានវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង ២,១០០ នាក់ និងជនស៊ីវិល​ ១៤,០០០ នាក់ ត្រូវបានបាត់បង់ជីវិត។<ref name="Trieu">{{Cite journal |last=Triều |first=Họ Trung |date=5 June 2017 |title=(ជាភាសាវៀតណាម) Lực lượng chính trị và đấu tranh chính trị ở thị xã Nha Trang trong cuộc Tổng tiến công và nổi dậy Tết Mậu Thân 1968 |journal=Hue University Journal of Science: Social Sciences and Humanities |volume=126 |issue=6 |doi=10.26459/hujos-ssh.v126i6.3770 |doi-broken-date=29 January 2026 |issn=2588-1213}}</ref> បន្ទាប់ពីរយៈពេលពីរខែ កងកម្លាំងវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងប្រមាណ ៥,០០០ នាក់ និងកម្លាំងអាមេរិក ៤,០០០ នាក់ត្រូវបានស្លាប់បាត់បង់ជីវិត និងមានអ្នករបួសសរុប ៤៦,០០០ នាក់។<ref name=Trieu/>​ សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកវិញបានអះអាងថាខ្លួនបានសម្លាប់ទាហានវៀតកុង/វៀតណាមខាងជើងប្រមាណ ១៧,០០០ នាក់ និងបង្ករបួសដល់ទាហាន ១៥,០០០ នាក់។<ref name="Ankony">{{Cite book |last=Ankony |first=Robert C. |title=Lurps: A Ranger's Diary of Tet, Khe Sanh, A Shau, and Quang Tri |date=2009 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-7618-3281-2}}</ref>{{Rp|១០៤}}<ref name="Villard">{{Cite book |last=Villard |first=Erik B. |url=https://history.army.mil/html/books/vietnam/tet_battles/tet.pdf |title=The 1968 Tet Offensive Battles of Quang Tri City and Hue |date=2008 |publisher=U.S. Army Center of Military History |isbn=978-1-5142-8522-0|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605173341/https://history.army.mil/html/books/vietnam/tet_battles/tet.pdf|archive-date=June 5, 2023}}</ref>{{Rp|៨២}} កងកម្លាំងកុម្មុយនីស្តបានបើកការវាយប្រហារជាថ្មីនៅខែឧសភា ដោយនេះបញ្ជាក់ថា ពួកគេនៅតែមានសមត្ថភាពបំផ្ទុះជម្លោះដដែរ ថ្វីបើមានកិច្ចខិតខំប្រឹងប្រែងពីអាមេរិកក្ដី។ ពួកវៀតកុង/វៀតណាមខាងជើងបានបើកការវាយប្រហារដំណាក់កាលទីបីនៅពីរខែបន្ទាប់។ នៅក្នុងប្រតិបត្តិការវាយប្រហារទាំងប៉ុន្មានខាងលើ ពួកកុម្មុយនីស្តបានបាត់បង់កម្លាំងចំនួន ៤៥,២៦៧ នាក់ និងមានអ្នករងរបួសចំនួន ១១១,១៧៩ នាក់ ដោយភាគច្រើនជាយុទ្ធជនវៀតកុង។<ref>{{Cite news |title=Tết Mậu Thân 1968 qua những số liệu |language=vi-VN |url=http://www.nhandan.com.vn/chinhtri/item/7976502-.html |access-date=1 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407184326/https://nhandan.vn/tet-mau-than-1968-qua-nhung-so-lieu-post484868.html|archive-date=April 7, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Eyraud |first=Henri |date=March 1987 |title=Anatomy of a War: Vietnam, the United States, and the Modern Historical Experience. By Kolko Gabriel. [New York: Pantheon Books, 1985. 628 pp.] |journal=The China Quarterly |volume=109 |page=135 |doi=10.1017/s0305741000017653 }}</ref> ក្នុងកំឡុងឆ្នាំ១៩៦៨ លោកវ៉ិសស្មលែន្ត៍បានពិចារណាប្រើប្រាស់គ្រាប់នុយក្លេអ៊ែរដើម្បីទម្លាក់លើវៀតណាមខាងជើងនៅក្នុងគម្រោងផែនការបម្រុងអាសន្នរបស់លោក ដែលមានរហស្សនាមថា [[បំណាក់ថ្គាម]] (Fracture Jaw) ប៉ុន្តែវាត្រូវបានគេទម្លាក់ចោលវិញ នៅពេលដែលផែនការមួយនេះបានលេចបែកធ្លាយទៅដល់សេតវិមាន។<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sanger |first=David E. |date=6 October 2018 |title=U.S. General Considered Nuclear Response in Vietnam War, Cables Show |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/06/world/asia/vietnam-war-nuclear-weapons.html |access-date=29 March 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314213812/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/06/world/asia/vietnam-war-nuclear-weapons.html|archive-date=March 14, 2023 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription}}</ref> ដោយដូច្នេះ លោកវ៉ិសស្មលែន្ត៍ និងប្រធានអគ្គសេនាធិការចម្រុះ លោកនាយឧត្តមសេនីយ៍[[អ៊ើល វាល្លឺរ]] ក៏បានបែរមកស្នើសុំបញ្ជូនកងទ័ពអាមេរិកបន្ថែមជាង ២០០,០០០ នាក់។<ref>Wheeler to President Johnson, "Report of Chairman, J.C.S., on Situation in Vietnam and MACV Requirements," February 27, 1968, in {{Cite book |last=Sheehan |first=Neil |title=The Pentagon Papers as Published by the New York Times |date=1971 |publisher=Bantam |pages=620–621}}</ref> សំណើនេះក៏បានលេចធ្លាយទៅសាធារណៈ ហើយគួបផ្សំជាមួយការបរាជ័យផ្នែកចារកម្មទៀតនោះ លោកវ៉ិសស្មលែន្ត៍ក៏ត្រូវបានដកចេញពីតំណែងនៅក្នុងខែមីនា ឆ្នាំ១៩៦៨ ដោយមានលោក[[ខ្រាយអឹន អេប្រែមស៍]]ចូលកាន់តំណែងជំនួស។<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sorley |first=Lewis |title=A Better War: The Unexamined Victories and Final Tragedy of America's Last Years in Vietnam |date=1999 |publisher=Harvest |isbn=0-15-601309-6 |pages=12–16}}</ref> នៅថ្ងៃទី១០ ខែឧសភា ឆ្នាំ១៩៦៨ ដំណើរចរចាសន្តិភាពបានចាប់ផ្តើមរវាងសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក និងវៀតណាមខាងជើងនៅឯទីក្រុងប៉ារីស។ ការចរចានេះបានជាប់គាំងអស់រយៈពេលប្រាំខែ រហូតដល់លោកចនសុនបានបញ្ជាឱ្យឈប់ការទម្លាក់គ្រាប់បែកលើវៀតណាមខាងជើង។ ទីក្រុងហាណូយបានដឹងថាខ្លួនមិនអាចដណ្ដើមយកជ័យជម្នះឆៅៗបាននោះទេ ហើយដូច្នេះក៏បានបង្វែរមកប្រើប្រាស់យុទ្ធសាស្ត្រមួយដែលគេស្គាល់ថា "និយាយចរចាពេលកំពុងប្រយុទ្ធ ប្រយុទ្ធពេលកំពុងនិយាយចរចា" ពោលគឺវៀតណាមខាងជើងនៅបន្តការវាយលុកស្របពេលតែមួយនឹងការចរចា។<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 April 2012 |title=North Vietnam's "Talk-Fight" Strategy and the 1968 Peace Negotiations with the United States |work=Wilson Center |url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/north-vietnams-talk-fight-strategy-and-the-1968-peace-negotiations-the-united-states |access-date=29 March 2026 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409174807/https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/north-vietnams-talk-fight-strategy-and-the-1968-peace-negotiations-the-united-states|archive-date=April 9, 2023}}</ref> ដំណាលគ្នានោះ លោកប្រធានធិបតីចនសុនបានបដិសេធមិនឈរឈ្មោះបោះឆ្នោតបន្តអាណត្តិទីពីររបស់លោកឡើយ ដោយឃើញថាអត្រាអ្នកគាំទ្ររូបលោកបានធ្លាក់ចុះពី ៤៨% មកត្រឹម ៣៦%។{{sfn|Hastings|2018|p=486}} ការប្រឡូកចូលក្នុងសង្គ្រាមដោយផ្ទាល់បានធ្វើឱ្យប្រជាជនអាមេរិកនីមួយៗកើតមានមតិខ្វែងគ្នា បង្កឱ្យមានយោធិនអាមេរិកស្លាប់អស់ប្រមាណ ៣០,០០០ នាក់មកដល់ចំណុចនេះ ហើយត្រូវបានគេចាត់ទុកថាជាមូលហេតុធ្វើឱ្យរលួយឈ្មោះលោកចនសុន។{{sfn|Hastings|2018|p=486}} ថ្វីបើចនសុនមិនបានធ្វើការបង្កើនកម្លាំងទ័ពអាមេរិកក្នុងចំនួនច្រើនដូចដែលនាយឧត្តមសេនីយ៍វ៉ិសស្មលែន្ត៍ និងវាល្លឺរបានស្នើកាលពីប៉ុន្មានសប្តាហ៍មុនមែន ប៉ុន្តែលោកនៅតែបញ្ជូនកម្លាំងទ័ពបន្ថែមក្នុងបរិមាណខ្ពស់មួយមកវៀតណាម។ សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកមានសមាជិកយោធាប្រមាណ ៥១៥,០០០ នាក់នៅក្នុងប្រទេសវៀតណាមក្នុងខែមីនា ឆ្នាំ១៩៦៨ ហើយចំនួននេះបានកើនដល់ ៥៣៦,០០០ នាក់នៅរយៈពេលពីរខែបន្ទាប់។<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Littauer |first1=Raphael |last2=Uphoff |first2=Norman |title=The Air War in Indochina |date=1972 |publisher=Beacon Press |isbn=978-0-8131-7369-6 |pages=269 |edition=revised}}</ref> នៅក្នុងមេសា ទោះជាលោកបានបង្រួមទីតាំងទម្លាក់គ្រាប់បែករបស់អាមេរិកមកត្រឹមតំបន់ផ្នែកខាងត្បូងនៃវៀតណាមខាងជើងក៏ពិតមែន ប៉ុន្តែចំនួនគ្រាប់ត្រូវបានកើនឡើងប្រមាណទ្វេដងបើប្រៀបធៀបទៅនឹងចំនួនគ្រាប់ដែលបានទម្លាក់កាលពីខែមីនានៅទូទាំងវៀតណាមខាងជើង។ បើក្រឡេកមកមើលឥណ្ឌូចិនទាំងមូលវិញ ចំនួនគ្រាប់បែកទម្លាក់ដោយអាមេរិកត្រូវបានកើនឡើង។ ចំនួនគ្រាប់ច្រើនបំផុតដែលសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកបានទម្លាក់នៅឥណ្ឌូចិនក្នុងរយៈពេលណាមួយនៃសង្គ្រាមមុនខែមីនា ឆ្នាំ១៩៦៨ គឺមានប្រមាណ ៩៨,០០០ តោន ហើយនៅក្នុងខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ១៩៦៨ តួលេខនេះបានកើនដល់ជិត ១១៣,០០០ តោន។<ref>The most detailed and reliable statistics available on the US air war were compiled by USAF Major General Raymond Furlong, and published in {{Cite book |title=Statement of Information, Book XI, Bombing of Cambodia |date=1974 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |pages=90–111 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39076007050714&view=1up&seq=108}}</ref> វៀតណាមគឺជាវិបត្តិបញ្ហាដ៏ក្ដៅគគុកមួយនៅកំឡុង[[ការបោះឆ្នោតប្រធានាធិបតីសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកឆ្នាំ១៩៦៨|ការបោះឆ្នោតប្រធានាធិបតីសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៦៨]]។ លោក[[រីឆាដ និចសុន]] ដែលជាបេក្ខជនគណបក្សសាធារណរដ្ឋ បានឈ្នះការបោះឆ្នោតនេះ ដោយលោកបានបានអះអាងថាខ្លួនលោកគឺមានផែនការសម្ងាត់មួយដើម្បីបិទបញ្ចប់សង្គ្រាម។{{sfn|Hastings|2018|p=515}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Johns |first=Andrew |title=Vietnam's Second Front: Domestic Politics, the Republican Party, and the War |date=2010 |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |isbn=978-0-8131-7369-6 |pages=198 }}</ref> ==វៀតណាមនីយកម្ម ឆ្នាំ១៩៦៩–១៩៧២== ===ការគំរាមកំហែងនុយក្លេអ៊ែរ និងការទូត=== លោកនិចសុនបានចាប់ផ្តើមដកទ័ពអាមេរិកនៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៦៩។ ដំណើរដកទ័ពនេះត្រូវជាផ្នែកមួយនៃគោលនយោបាយ "[[វៀតណាមនីយកម្ម]]" ហើយមិនតែប៉ុណ្ណោះ អាមេរិកក៏បានបង្កើនជំនួយហ្វឹកហ្វឺន និងបច្ចេកទេសបន្ថែមដល់កងកម្លាំងវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងផងដែរដើម្បីបណ្ដុះសមត្ថភាពរបស់ពួកគេក្នុងការការពារខ្លួនពីវៀតណាមខាងជើងនិងវៀតកុង។ ដោយអាមេរិកលែងប្រឡូកប្រយុទ្ធផ្ទាល់បែបនេះ លោកនាយឧត្តមសេនីយ៍អេប្រែមស៍ក៏បានបង្វែរមកប្រើយុទ្ធសាស្ត្រកម្ទេចប្រព័ន្ធភស្តុភាររបស់សត្រូវវិញ ក៏ដូចជាបង្កើនកិច្ចសហប្រតិបត្តិការបន្ថែមជាមួយភាគីកម្លាំងវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង។{{sfn|Hastings|2018|p=517}} នៅក្នុងខែតុលា ឆ្នាំ១៩៦៩ លោកនិចសុនបានបញ្ជាឱ្យយន្តហោះទម្លាក់គ្រាប់បែកប្រភេទ បេ-៥២ ប្រដាប់ដោយអាវុធនុយក្លេអ៊ែរ ឱ្យហោះទៅកៀកដែនអាកាសរបស់សូវៀត ដោយយោងតាម[[ទ្រឹស្តីមនុស្សឆ្កួត]] លោកនិចសុនមានបំណងបង្ហាញសូវៀតថាលោកហ៊ានធ្វើគ្រប់បែបយ៉ាងដើម្បីបញ្ចប់សង្គ្រាមនៅវៀតណាម។<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sagan |first1=Scott Douglas |last2=Suri |first2=Jeremi |date=16 June 2003 |title=The Madman Nuclear Alert: Secrecy, Signaling, and Safety in October 1969 |id=43692 |journal=International Security |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=150–183 |doi=10.1162/016228803321951126 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Michael |title=Nixon's Nuclear Ploy |url=https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB81/index2.htm |access-date=30 March 2026 |website=nsarchive2.gwu.edu|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407114836/https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB81/index2.htm|archive-date=April 7, 2023}}</ref> ស្របគ្នានោះដែរ និចសុនបានផ្ដើមអ្វីដែលគេហៅថា [[ដេតង់ត៍]] (បន្ថយភាពតានតឹង) ជាមួយនឹងសហភាពសូវៀត និងបាន[[ទំនាក់ទំនងចិន–សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក|ស្ដារទំនាក់ទំនង]]ជាមួយប្រទេសចិនឡើងវិញ ហើយជាលទ្ធផល ភាពតានតឹងរវាងមហាអំណាចទាំងពីរបានកាត់បន្ថយគួរឱ្យកត់សម្គាល់ និងការប្រកួតប្រជែងខាងអាវុធនុយក្លេអ៊ែរក៏បានអន់ថយជាងមុនផងដែរ។ ទោះយ៉ាងណា សហភាពសូវៀតនៅតែបន្តបញ្ជូនជំនួយផ្សេងៗដល់វៀតណាមខាងជើងដដែរ។<ref>{{Cite web |title=Foundations of Foreign Policy, 1969-1972 |url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/nixon/i/21100.htm |access-date=4 July 2021 |website=Foreign Relations, 1969-1976, Volume I |publisher=U.S. Department of State|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513100856/https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/nixon/i/21100.htm|archive-date=May 13, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Van Ness |first=Peter |date=December 1986 |title=Richard Nixon, the Vietnam War, and the American Accommodation with China: A Review Article |journal=Contemporary Southeast Asia |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=231–245 |jstor=25797906}}</ref> ===យុទ្ធសាស្ត្រសឹកទីក្រុងហាណូយ=== [[File:Vietnampropaganda.png|thumb|upright=.8|ខិត្តបណ្ណឃោសនាដែលជំរុញឱ្យយុទ្ធជន[[វៀតកុង]] និង[[វៀតណាមខាងជើង]]ផ្តាច់ខ្លួនមកចុះចូលជាមួយ[[វៀតណាមខាងត្បូង|សាធារណរដ្ឋវៀតណាម]]]] នៅថ្ងៃទី២ ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ១៩៦៩ ហូ ជីមិញបានស្លាប់បាត់បង់ជីវិត។<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 September 1969 |title=Ho Chi Minh Dies of Heart Attack in Hanoi |page=1 |work=The Times}}</ref> ភាពបរាជ័យនៃប្រតិបត្តិការតេតបានធ្វើឱ្យជួរយោធាកុម្មុយនីស្តនៅភាគខាងត្បូងងើបតវ៉ានឹងថ្នាក់លើ ជាហេតុនាំឱ្យយុទ្ធសាស្ត្រសង្គ្រាមទីក្រុងហាណូយប្ដូរទិសដៅភ្លាមៗ<ref name="Currey">{{Cite book |last=Currey |first=Cecil B. |title=Victory at Any Cost: The Genius of Viet Nam's Gen. Vo Nguyen Giap |date=2005 |publisher=Potomac Books, Inc. |isbn=978-1-57488-742-6 |page=[{{GBurl|id=jm-jh1_D0I4C|p=272}} 272]}}</ref>{{Rp|២៧២–២៧៤}} ដូចជាការមកប្រកាន់នូវក្បួនយុទ្ធសាស្ត្រសឹកតាមអនុសញ្ញាជាដើម។<ref name=Nguyen/>{{Rp|១៩៦–២០៥}} កងកម្លាំងខ្លួនបានបំបែកទៅជាអង្គភាពតូចៗដើម្បីមានភាពងាយស្រួលក្នុងការចល័ត<ref name=Currey/> ហើយបានចាប់ផ្ដើមប្រើប្រាស់គ្រឿងយន្តបន្ថែមគួបផ្សំនឹងកម្លាំងទាហានធម្មតា។<ref name=Currey/>{{Rp|១៨៩}} ===វិបត្តិផ្ទៃក្នុងនៅសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក=== [[ចលនាប្រឆាំងសង្គ្រាម|ចលនាប្រឆាំងនឹងសង្គ្រាម]]បានចាប់ផ្ដើមរីកធំឡើងបន្តិចម្តងៗ ហើយក៏ហក់ស្ទុះឡើងកាន់តែខ្ពស់ បន្ទាប់ពីដំណឹងអំពី[[ការសម្លាប់រង្គាលមីឡៃ|​ការ​សម្លាប់​រង្គាល​នៅមីឡៃ]]ក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៦៨ បានលេចឡើង ដោយក្នុងនោះ ​កង​អង្គភាពអាមេរិក​មួយ​ក្រុមបាន​រំលោភ​និង​សម្លាប់​ប្រជាជន​ស៊ីវិល​វៀតណាមស្លូតត្រង់ប្រមាណ ៥០០ នាក់។{{sfn|Hastings|2018|pp=518–521}} ការធ្លាក់ទឹកចិត្ត និងការមិនគោរពបទបញ្ជាបានចាក់ឬសបណ្ដើរៗនៅក្នុងជួរយោធាអាមេរិក<ref name="Stewart">{{Cite book |last=Stewart |first=Richard |url=https://history.army.mil/books/AMH-V2/AMH%20V2/chapter11.htm |title=American Military History, Volume II, The United States Army in a Global Era, 1917–2003 |date=2005 |publisher=[[មជ្ឈមណ្ឌលកងទ័ពសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកនៃប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រយោធា|United States Army Center of Military History]] |isbn=978-0-16-072541-8 |access-date=1 April 2026 |archive-date=14 December 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214153119/http://www.history.army.mil/books/AMH-V2/AMH%20V2/chapter11.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{Rp|៣៤៩–៣៥០}}<ref name="Daddis">{{Cite book |last=Daddis |first=Gregory A. |title=Withdrawal: Reassessing America's Final Years in Vietnam |date=2017 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-069110-3 |page=[{{GBurl|id=a3QzDwAAQBAJ|pg=PT172}} 172]}}</ref>{{Rp|១៦៦–១៧៥}} ខណៈអត្រារត់ចោលកាតព្វកិច្ចយោធាបានកើនឡើងស្មើបួនដងបើប្រៀបទៅនឹងកម្រិតក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៦៦។<ref name="Heinl">{{Cite journal |last=Heinl |first=Robert D. Jr. |date=7 June 1971 |title=The Collapse of the Armed Forces |url=https://msuweb.montclair.edu/~furrg/Vietnam/heinl.pdf |journal=Armed Forces Journal |access-date=1 April 2026 |archive-date=12 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412060044/https://msuweb.montclair.edu/~furrg/Vietnam/heinl.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> នៅរវាងឆ្នាំ១៩៦៩ និងឆ្នាំ១៩៧០ ក្នុងចំណោមអ្នកដែលបានចុះឈ្មោះធ្វើទាហាន ក្នុងនោះមានតែ ២.៥% ប៉ុណ្ណោះដែលបានជ្រើសរើសបម្រើជាទាហានថ្មើរជើង។<ref name=Heinl/> ចំនួនអ្នកចុះឈ្មោះចូល[[កងបណ្តុះបណ្តាលមន្រ្តីបម្រុង]]បានថយចុះពី ១៩១,៧៤៩ នាក់ក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៦៦ មកត្រឹម ៧២,៤៥៩ នាក់នៅឆ្នាំ១៩៧១<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sevy |first=Grace |title=The American Experience in Vietnam: A Reader |date=1991 |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |isbn=978-0-8061-2390-5 |page=[{{GBurl|id=dZg3emyCL6EC|p=172}} 172]}}</ref> និងបានឈានដល់ចំនួនទាបបំផុតគឺ ៣៣,២២០ នាក់នៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៧៤<ref>{{Cite news |last=Richard Halloran |date=12 August 1984 |title=R.O.T.C. Booming as Memories of Vietnam Fade |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/08/12/us/rotc-booming-as-memories-of-vietnam-fade.html |access-date=1 April 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415124225/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/08/12/us/rotc-booming-as-memories-of-vietnam-fade.html|archive-date=April 15, 2023 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> ដោយបង្កជាហេតុធ្វើឱ្យសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកខ្វះថ្នាក់ដឹកនាំបន្តវេនយោធាក្នុងទ្រង់ទ្រាយច្រើននាពេលនោះ។ ===វៀតណាមនីយកម្ម=== {{See also|វៀតណាមនីយកម្ម}} [[File:ARVN and US Special Forces.jpg|thumb|ទាហាននៃកងទ័ពវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង និងកងកម្លាំងពិសេសសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក ឆ្នាំ១៩៦៨]] ចាប់ផ្តើមនៅឆ្នាំ១៩៦៩ កងទ័ពអាមេរិកត្រូវបានដកចេញពីតំបន់ព្រំដែនជាមួយវៀតណាមខាងជើង ដែលជាទីប្រយុទ្ធប៉ះគ្នាសកម្ម ហើយបានមកឈរជើងនៅតាមបណ្តោយតំបន់ឆ្នេរសមុទ្រ និងផ្នែកកណ្ដាលនៃប្រទេសវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងវិញ។ បន្ទាប់ពីត្រូវបានដកចេញពីតំបន់ប្រយុទ្ធសកម្ម ចំនួនទាហានស្លាប់ និងរបួសរបស់សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកនៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៧០ បានធ្លាក់ដល់កម្រិតមួយតិចជាងប្រមាណពាក់កណ្តាលប្រើប្រៀបនឹងឆ្នាំ១៩៦៩។<ref name="upi1970">{{Cite web |title=Vietnamization: 1970 Year in Review |url=http://www.upi.com/Audio/Year_in_Review/Events-of-1970/Apollo-13/12303235577467-2/#title |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831125343/http://www.upi.com/Audio/Year_in_Review/Events-of-1970/Apollo-13/12303235577467-2 |archive-date=31 August 2011 |website=UPI.com}}</ref> ខណៈដែលកងកម្លាំងអាមេរិកកំពុងដកចេញពីទល់ដែន កងទ័ពវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង (ARVN) បានទទួលនូវកាតព្វកិច្ចបន្តប្រតិបត្តិការប្រយុទ្ធនឹងកម្លាំងកុម្មុយនីស្តដោយផ្ទាល់ក្នុងទ្រង់ទ្រាយធំ ជាហេតុនាំឱ្យទាហានវៀតណាមខាងជើងជាច្រើននាក់បានស្លាប់ និងរបួសរហូតដល់ទៅទ្វេដងនៃចំនួនទាហានអាមេរិកនៅឆ្នាំ១៩៦៩ ហើយបានបន្តកើនឡើងដល់ទៅបីដងនៅឆ្នាំ១៩៧០។​<ref name="Wiest">{{Cite book |last=Wiest |first=Andrew |title=Vietnam's Forgotten Army: Heroism and Betrayal in the ARVN |date=2007 |publisher=NYU Press |isbn=978-0-8147-9451-7 |pages=[{{GBurl|id=r3dez4JhXUQC|p=124}} 124]–140}}</ref> ក្រោម[[កងកម្លាំងតំបន់វៀតណាមខាងត្បូង|កងកម្លាំងតំបន់]] និង[[កងជីវពលវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង]]ផងដែរ ភូមិស្រុកជាច្រើនបានទទួលនូវសន្តិសុខការពារប្រសើរជាងកាលនៅក្រោមកងកម្លាំងអាមេរិក។<ref name=Wiest/> នៅឆ្នាំ១៩៧០ លោកនិចសុនបានប្រកាសការដកកងទ័ពអាមេរិកបន្ថែមចំនួន ១៥០,០០០ នាក់ ដែលកាត់បន្ថយចំនួនកងទ័ពអាមេរិកឈរជើងនៅវៀតណាមសរុបមកត្រឹម ២៦៥,៥០០ នាក់។<ref name=upi1970/> នៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៧០ ដដែរ សមាជិកយុទ្ធជនវៀតកុងជិត ៧០% មានប្រភពដើមកំណើតមកពីវៀតណាមខាងជើង ដែលបញ្ជាក់ថា កងកម្លាំងវៀតណាមខាងជើងជាច្រើនពីមួយឆ្នាំទៅមួយឆ្នាំត្រូវបានបញ្ជូនមកចូលជួរទាហានវៀតកុង។<ref>{{Cite book |last=Porter |first=Gareth |title=Vietnam: The Politics of Bureaucratic Socialism |date=1993 |isbn=978-0-8014-2168-6 |page=26|publisher=Cornell University Press }}</ref> នៅចន្លោះឆ្នាំ១៩៦៩ និងឆ្នាំ១៩៧១ កងទ័ពវៀតកុង និងកងទ័ពវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងមួយចំនួនបានប្ដូរមកប្រើយុទ្ធសាស្ត្រអង្គភាពតូចៗ ជំនួសឱ្យប្រតិបត្តិការវាយលុកគ្របដណ្ដប់ទូទាំងប្រទេស។<ref name=Nguyen/> នៅឆ្នាំ១៩៧១ អូស្ត្រាលី និងនូវែលសេឡង់បានដកទាហានរបស់ពួកគេចេញទាំងអស់ ខណៈកងទ័ពអាមេរិកត្រូវបានកាត់បន្ថយមកត្រឹម ១៩៦,៧០០ នាក់ ដោយមានថ្ងៃកំណត់ដកទ័ពបន្ថែមចំនួន ៤៥,០០០ នាក់ទៀតត្រឹមខែកុម្ភៈ ឆ្នាំ១៩៧២។ សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកក៏បានកាត់បន្ថយអង្គភាពគាំទ្រដែរ ហើយនៅខែមីនា ឆ្នាំ១៩៧១ [[ក្រុមកងកម្លាំងពិសេសទីប្រាំ (សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក)|ក្រុមកងកម្លាំងពិសេសទីប្រាំ]] ដែលជាអង្គភាពអាមេរិកដំបូងគេដែលបានបញ្ជូនមកវៀតណាម ត្រូវបានដកចេញទាំងស្រុង។<ref name="StantonVOB">{{Cite book |last=Stanton |first=Shelby L. |title=Vietnam order of battle |date=2003 |publisher=Stackpole Books |isbn=978-0-8117-0071-9}}</ref>{{Rp|២៤០}} ===កម្ពុជា=== {{Main|ប្រតិបត្តិការមីនុយ|ប្រតិបត្តិការហ្វ្រីដឹម​ឌៀល|សង្គ្រាមផ្ទៃក្នុងកម្ពុជា}} [[File:Vietconginterrogation.jpg|thumb|upright=.8|ការចាប់សួរចម្លើយជនសង្ស័យ​ជា​វៀតកុង​ម្នាក់​ ដែលត្រូវបាន​ចាប់ខ្លួនកំឡុង​ពេល​វាយប្រហារ​លើ​ទីតាំងឈរជើង​អាមេរិក​មួយ​ក្បែរ​ព្រំដែន​កម្ពុជា]] ព្រះអង្គម្ចាស់[[នរោត្តម សីហនុ]]បានប្រកាសពីអព្យាក្រឹត្យភាពប្រទេសកម្ពុជាចាប់តាំងពីឆ្នាំ១៩៥៥ មកម៉្លេះ<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sihanouk |first1=Norodom |title=Cambodia Neutral: The Dictate of Necessity |journal=Foreign Affairs |date=1958 |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=582–586 |id={{ProQuest|198176909}} |doi=10.2307/20029312 |jstor=20029312 }}</ref> ប៉ុន្តែយ៉ាងណា ព្រះអង្គនៅតែអនុញ្ញាតបណ្ដោយឱ្យវៀតណាមខាងជើង/វៀតកុងប្រើប្រាស់[[កំពង់ផែស្វយ័តក្រុងព្រះសីហនុ|កំពង់ផែក្រុងព្រះសីហនុ]] និង[[ផ្លូវលំសីហនុ]]ដើម្បីបញ្ជូនកម្លាំងនិងគ្រឿងសព្វាវុធចូលវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង។ នៅក្នុងខែមីនា ឆ្នាំ១៩៦៩ លោកប្រធានាធិបតីនិចសុនបានបញ្ជាឱ្យបើកយុទ្ធនាការទម្លាក់គ្រាប់បែកសម្ងាត់មួយក្រោមឈ្មោះថា [[ប្រតិបត្តិការមីនុយ]] ដើម្បីកម្ទេចទីតាំងពួកកុម្មុយនីស្តនៅតាមបណ្តោយព្រំដែនកម្ពុជា/វៀតណាម។ នៅខែមីនា ឆ្នាំ១៩៧០ ព្រះនរោត្តម សីហនុត្រូវបាន[[រដ្ឋប្រហារកម្ពុជាឆ្នាំ១៩៧០|ទម្លាក់ចេញពីអំណាច]]ដោយនាយករដ្ឋមន្ត្រីនិយមគាំទ្រអាមេរិករបស់ព្រះអង្គគឺលោកសេនាប្រមុខ[[លន់ នល់]] ហើយក្រោយមក លោកលន់ នល់ក៏បានទាមទារឱ្យកងទ័ពវៀតណាមខាងជើងទាំងអស់ត្រូវដកខ្លួនចេញពីទឹកដីប្រទេសកម្ពុជា បើមិនដូច្នោះនឹងត្រូវប្រឈមនឹងកម្លាំងយោធាកម្ពុជា។<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sutsakhan |first=S. |url=https://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/star/images/239/2390505001A.pdf |title=The Khmer Republic at War and the Final Collapse |date=1987 |publisher=United States Army Center of Military History |page=42 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412060055/https://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/star/images/239/2390505001A.pdf |archive-date=12 April 2019 |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412060055/https://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/star/images/239/2390505001A.pdf |date=12 មេសា 2019 }}</ref> មិនយូរប៉ុន្មាន លោកលន់ នល់បានបញ្ជាឱ្យចាប់សម្លាប់ប្រជាជនស៊ីវិលវៀតណាមនៅកម្ពុជា ដែលបង្កឱ្យផ្ទុះប្រតិកម្មពីរដ្ឋាភិបាលវៀតណាមខាងជើងនិងខាងត្បូង។<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Lipsman |first1=Samuel |url=https://archive.org/details/fightingfortime00lips/page/145 |title=The Vietnam Experience Fighting for time |last2=Doyle |first2=Edward |date=1983 |publisher=Boston Publishing Company |isbn=978-0-939526-07-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/fightingfortime00lips/page/145 145]}}</ref> នៅចន្លោះខែមេសាដល់ខែឧសភា ឆ្នាំ១៩៧០ វៀតណាមខាងជើងបានវាយចូលឈ្លានពានប្រទេសកម្ពុជាទៅតាមសំណើស្នើសុំរបស់[[ខ្មែរក្រហម]] ក្រោយការចរចាគ្នាត្រូវរ៉ូវជាមួយលោក[[នួន ជា]]។ ង្វៀន កូថាច់បានរំលឹកថា "នួន ជាបាន​ស្នើសុំជំនួយ ហើយយើងក៏បានរំដោះខេត្តកម្ពុជាចំនួនប្រាំក្នុងរយៈពេលដប់ថ្ងៃ"។<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.4324/9780203790847 |title=Genocide in Cambodia and Rwanda |date=2017 |isbn=978-0-203-79084-7 |editor-first1=Susan E. |editor-last1=Cook |page=54 }}</ref> កងកម្លាំងអាមេរិក និងវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងបានបើក[[យុទ្ធនាការកម្ពុជា]]នៅក្នុងខែឧសភា ក្នុងគោលដៅវាយមូលដ្ឋានទ័ពវៀតណាមកុម្មុយនីស្ត។ មកដល់ឆ្នាំ១៩៧១ កងកម្លាំងកម្ពុជាបានផ្ដើម[[ប្រតិបត្តិការចេនឡា ២]] ក្នុងគោលបំណងវាយបណ្ដេញទ័ពវៀតណាមខាងជើង ប៉ុន្តែយ៉ាងណា វាត្រូវបរាជ័យដោយវៀតណាមកុម្មុយនីស្តនៅរក្សាកាន់កាប់តំបន់ព្រំដែន និងបានបំផ្លាញកងកម្លាំងកម្ពុជាក្នុងតំបន់ស្ទើរទាំងអស់។ ការអន្តរាគមន៍របស់អាមេរិកចូលក្នុងប្រទេសកម្ពុជាបានបង្កឱ្យមាន[[បញ្ជីរាយបាតុកម្មប្រឆាំងសង្គ្រាមវៀតណាម|បាតុកម្មតវ៉ា]]ផ្ទុះឡើងនៅសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក ខណៈឯលោកនិចសុនបានសន្យាថានឹងកាត់បន្ថយសកម្មភាពអាមេរិក។ នៅក្នុងខែឧសភា ឆ្នាំ១៩៧០ និស្សិតអាមេរិកចំនួនបួននាក់ត្រូវបានបាញ់សម្លាប់ដោយឆ្មាំជាតិក្នុងកំឡុងបាតុកម្មតវ៉ានៅ[[សាកលវិទ្យាល័យរដ្ឋឃែនត៍]] ដែលធ្វើឱ្យប្រជាជនអាមេរិកកាន់តែកើតកំហឹងស្អប់រដ្ឋាភិបាលពួកគេ។ ដោយឃើញថារដ្ឋបាលគ្មានប្រតិកម្មអើពើអ្វីនោះ ចលនាប្រឆាំងសង្គ្រាមនៅវៀតណាមក៏ចាប់ផ្ដើមកើនប្រជាប្រិយភាពបន្ថែម។<ref name=Daddis/>{{Rp|១២៨–១២៩}} យ៉ាងណា អាជ្ញាធរអាមេរិកនៅតែបន្តប្រតិបត្តិការទម្លាក់គ្រាប់បែកមកលើកម្ពុជា ដែលគេតែងនិយមហៅថា [[ប្រតិបត្តិការហ្វ្រីដឹម​ឌៀល]] នោះ។ ===ឡាវ=== {{Main|ប្រតិបត្តិការខូម្មែនដូហាន់ត៍|សង្គ្រាមផ្ទៃក្នុងឡាវ|ប្រតិបត្តិការឡាំសឺន ៧១៩}} ដោយមើល​ឃើញពី​ភាពជោគជ័យ​របស់​កងទ័ពវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងនៅ​កម្ពុជា និង​ដើម្បីតេស្តសាកល្បង​​កម្មវិធី​វៀតណាម​នីយកម្មបន្ថែមទៀត​ យោធាវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងក៏បានចាប់ផ្ដើម[[​ប្រតិបត្តិការឡាំសឺន ៧១៩]] នៅ​កំឡុងខែកុម្ភៈ ឆ្នាំ១៩៧១ ក្នុងគោលដៅវាយបណ្ដាច់​ផ្លូវលំ​ហូជីមិញ។ នេះក៏​ជា​លើកដំបូង​ផង​ដែរ ដែលយោធាវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងបាន​ធ្វើតេស្ត​សាកល្បងប្រើកងកម្លាំង​ប្រដាប់អាវុធ​រួម​របស់ខ្លួន​នៅលើសមរភូមិ។<ref name=Nguyen/>{{Rp|}} ពីរបីថ្ងៃដំបូងៗនៃប្រតិបត្តិកានេះ កងយោធាវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងបានទទួលជោគជ័យច្រើន ប៉ុន្តែក្រោយមក កម្លាំងរុញប្រយុទ្ធពួកគេក៏ចាប់ផ្ដើមចុះថមថយក្រោយពីទាហានវៀតណាមខាងជើងបានវាយតបបកមកវិញ។ ធៀវបានបញ្ជាឱ្យបញ្ឈប់ដំណើររុញច្រានបន្តទៅមុខទៀត ដែលជាហេតុនាំឱ្យកម្លាំងវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងត្រូវធ្លាក់ក្នុងការឡោមព័ទ្ធដោយកងពលរថពាសដែកវៀតណាមខាងជើង។{{Sfn|Willbanks|2014|p=89}} ធៀវបានបញ្ជាឱ្យកម្លាំងអាកាសវាយប្រហារលើចំណុចបំបែកផ្លូវលំហូជីមិញនៅស្រុកសេពុញរួចចាំដកថយចេញវិញ ថ្វីបើកម្លាំងខ្លួនត្រូវប្រឈមនឹងកម្លាំងសត្រូវដែលមានចំនួនច្រើនជាងរហូតដល់ទៅបួនដងក៏ដោយ។ ខណៈពេលកំពុងតែដកថយ កងទ័ពវៀតណាមខាងជើងបានវាយបកលើកម្លាំងវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង ដែលធ្វើឱ្យពួកគេកើតការស្លន់ស្លោ ហើយជាលទ្ធផល ប្រមាណពាក់កណ្តាលនៃកងទ័ពវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងត្រូវបានសត្រូវចាប់បាន ឬសម្លាប់ចោល ហើយពាក់កណ្តាលនៃឧទ្ធម្ភាគចក្រវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង/អាមេរិកត្រូវបានបាញ់ទម្លាក់។ ប្រតិបត្តិការនេះគឺជាបរាជ័យដ៏ធ្ងន់ធ្ងរបំផុតមួយ និងជាសញ្ញាបញ្ជាក់ពីសមត្ថភាពនៅទន់ជ្រាយរបស់កងកម្លាំងវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង។{{sfn|Karnow|1997|pp=644–645}} ===យុទ្ធនាការវស្សាន-និទាឃរដូវ និងកិច្ចព្រមព្រៀងសន្តិភាពទីក្រុងប៉ារីស ឆ្នាំ១៩៧២=== [[File:DRVA.jpg|thumb|សកម្មភាពបាញ់កាំភ្លើងធំដោយកងទ័ពប្រជាជនវៀតណាមសម្ដៅចូលទីតាំងកងទ័ពវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងក្បែរក្រុងកនទូម ឆ្នាំ១៩៧២]] នៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៧២ វៀតណាមខាងជើងបានប្រើប្រាស់យុទ្ធសាស្ត្រសង្គ្រាមអនុសញ្ញាដោយលើកទ័ពប្រមាណ ៣០០,០០០ នាក់ និងរថក្រោះរាប់រយគ្រឿង[[យុទ្ធនាការវស្សាន-និទាឃរដូវ|វាយឈ្លានពាន]]ចូលវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង។ កងទ័ពវៀតណាមខាងជើងបានត្រួតត្រាខេត្តភាគខាងជើងរបស់វៀតណាមខាងត្បូង និងបានវាយចេញពីប្រទេសកម្ពុជាសម្ដៅទៅទីក្រុងសៃហ្គន ដោយគំរាមហែកវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងជាពីរ។ ការប្រយុទ្ធគ្នាត្រូវបានធ្វើឡើងក្នុងទ្រង់ទ្រាយធំ និងយ៉ាងស្វិតស្វាញរវាងកងទ័ពវៀតណាមខាងជើងនិងត្បូង ជាពិសេសនៅ[[សមរភូមិអានលុក]] និង[[សមរភូមិកនទូម|កនទូម]]។{{Sfn|Hastings|2018|p=610-630}} ទោះជាសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកបានកំពុងដកទ័ពចេញពីវៀតណាមក៏ដោយក៏អាមេរិកនៅតែបន្តផ្ដល់ជំនួយយោធាតាមផ្លូវអាកាសដើម្បីការពារកងយោធាវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងដែរ ដោយគេច្រើនស្គាល់ជំនួយនោះថា [[ប្រតិបត្តិការឡាញប៊ែខឺរ]]។ នៅទីបំផុត ប្រតិបត្តិការនេះក៏បានផ្អាកបន្ទាប់ពីគេសង្កេតឃើញថាមានចំនួនទាហាននិងជនស៊ីវិលទាំងសងខាងស្លាប់របួសច្រើនពេករហូតដល់ទៅជាង ២០០,០០០ នាក់ឯណោះ។{{sfn|Hastings|2018|pp=606–637}} ដោយឡែក កងទ័ពជើងទឹកអាមេរិកវិញបានចាប់ផ្ដើម[[ប្រតិបត្តិការផុកឃីតម៉ានីយ៍|ប្រតិបត្តិការទម្លាក់មីនសមុទ្រ]]នៅក្បែរកំពង់ផែទីក្រុង[[ហាយហ្វង]]នៅក្នុងខែឧសភាក្នុងគោលបំណងបិទបង្ខាំងផ្លូវផ្គត់ផ្គង់ពីបរទេសចូលវៀតណាមតាមច្រកសមុទ្រ។<ref>{{Cite web |last=magazine |first=Marcelo Ribeiro da Silva, Vietnam |date=2020-01-14 |title=Inside America's daring plan to mine Haiphong Harbor |url=https://www.navytimes.com/news/your-navy/2020/01/14/inside-americas-daring-plan-to-mine-haiphong-harbor/ |access-date=2026-04-22 |website=Navy Times }}</ref> [[File:СВС у обломков сбитого Б-52 в окрестностях Ханоя 23.12.1972 (1).jpg|thumb|ទីប្រឹក្សាយោធាសូវៀតកំពុងត្រួតពិនិត្យកម្ទេចកម្ទីយន្តហោះទម្លាក់គ្រាប់បែកអាមេរិកប្រភេទប៊ី-៥២ ដែលត្រូវបានបាញ់ទម្លាក់នៅជិតទីក្រុងហាណូយ]] នៅថ្ងៃទី១៥ ខែមករា ឆ្នាំ១៩៧៣ សកម្មភាពយោធារបស់អាមេរិកទាំងឡាយត្រូវបានបញ្ឈប់ ហើយភាគីសង្គ្រាមទាំងសងខាងក៏បានព្រមព្រៀងគ្នាចុះ[[កិច្ចព្រមព្រៀងសន្តិភាពទីក្រុងប៉ារីស]]នៅថ្ងៃទី២៧ ខែមករា។<ref name=Ward/>{{Rp|៥០៨–៥១៣}} កិច្ចព្រមព្រៀងនេះបានបិទបញ្ចប់ការចូលប្រឡូកដោយផ្ទាល់ពីសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកនៅក្នុងសង្គ្រាម ក៏ដូចជាបង្កើតបទឈប់បាញ់រវាងវៀតណាមខាងជើងនិងវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង ធានានូវបូរណភាពទឹកដីវៀតណាមក្រោមសន្និសីទទីក្រុងហ្សឺណែវ អំពាវនាវឱ្យមានការបោះឆ្នោត ឬដំណោះស្រាយនយោបាយរវាង រ.ប.ប. និងវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង អនុញ្ញាតឱ្យទ័ពកុម្មុយនីស្តចំនួន ២០០,០០០ នាក់បន្តឈរជើងនៅទីតាំងពួកគេកាន់កាប់នៃវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង និងយល់ព្រមលើការដោះដូរឈ្លើយសឹក។ កិច្ចព្រមព្រៀងនេះផងដែរបានកំណត់រយៈពេល ៦០ ថ្ងៃដើម្បីឱ្យអាមេរិកដកកម្លាំងខ្លួនចេញទាំងអស់<ref>{{Cite book |last=Church |first=Peter |title=A Short History of South-East Asia |date=2006 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-0-470-82181-7 |pages=193–194}}</ref> ហើយទីបំផុតនៅខែមីនា កងកម្លាំងយោធាអាមេរិកទាំងប៉ុន្មានក៏ត្រូវបានដកចេញពីវៀតណាមដូចការកំណត់ពិតមែន។<ref name=Herring/>{{Rp|២៦០}} ==ការចាកចេញរបស់អាមេរិក និងយុទ្ធនាការចុងក្រោយ ឆ្នាំ១៩៧៣–៧៥== [[File:Hanoi-taxi-march1973.jpg|thumb|ឈ្លើយសឹកអាមេរិកដែលទើបតែងបានដោះលែងចេញពីជំរុំឃុំឃាំងវៀតណាមខាងជើង ឆ្នាំ១៩៧៣]] មុននឹងបទឈប់បាញ់ចូលធរមានក្នុងថ្ងៃទី២៨ ខែមករា ភាគីទាំងពីរបានព្យាយាមវាយដណ្ដើមកាន់កាប់ទឹកដីតាមដែលអាចធ្វើទៅបាន។ តែយ៉ាងណា​ ការប្រយុទ្ធគ្នានៅតែបន្តទោះជាបទឈប់បាញ់បានចូលធរមានហើយក្ដី។<ref name=Ward/>{{Rp|៥០៨–៥១៣}} មេដឹកនាំវៀតណាមខាងជើងបានរំពឹងថាលក្ខខណ្ឌក្នុងបទឈប់បាញ់នឹងផ្ដល់អត្ថប្រយោជន៍ឱ្យសាមីខ្លួនមានប្រៀបជាងគូសត្រូវ ប៉ុន្តែទីក្រុងសៃហ្គន ដោយប្រើប្រាស់ជំនួយអាមេរិកដែលបានបញ្ជូនមកនៅមុនពេលបទឈប់បាញ់ បានចាប់ផ្តើមវាយច្រានកម្លាំងវៀតណាមខាងជើងចេញពីទឹកដីខ្លួនបណ្ដើរៗ។ យោងតាមលោក[[ជិន វ៉ាន់ចា]] ដើម្បីទប់ទល់នឹងវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង វៀតណាមខាងជើងបានរៀបចំយុទ្ធសាស្ត្រចម្បាំងថ្មីនៅក្នុងខែមីនា ឆ្នាំ១៩៧៣។{{sfn|Karnow|1997|pp=672–674}} ដោយគ្មានការទម្លាក់គ្រាប់បែកពីអាមេរិកទៀត អាជ្ញាធរវៀតណាមខាងជើងបានចាប់ផ្ដើមពង្រឹងពង្រីកផ្លូវលំហូជីមិញ និងរចនាសម្ព័ន្ធភស្តុភារផ្សេងៗទៀត។ ប្រព័ន្ធភស្តុភារនឹងសម្រួលឱ្យវៀតណាមខាងជើងមានសមត្ថភាពគ្រប់គ្រាន់ក្នុងការបើកវគ្គឈ្លានពានថ្មីចូលវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង ដែលអាចនឹងប្រព្រឹត្តិទៅនៅកំឡុងរដូវប្រាំងនៃឆ្នាំ១៩៧៥–៧៦។ លោកវ៉ាន់ចាបានគណនាថា នេះគឺជាឱកាសចុងក្រោយរបស់ហាណូយក្នុងការវាយប្រហារ មុនពេលកងទ័ពសៃហ្គនអាចពង្រឹងហ្វឹកហ្វឺនសមត្ថភាពខ្លួនបាន។{{sfn|Karnow|1997|pp=672–674}} ទីបំផុត វៀតណាមខាងជើងក៏បានបើកប្រតិបត្តិការវាយលុកនោះនៅរដូវប្រាំងនៃឆ្នាំ១៩៧៣ ហើយត្រឹមខែមករា ឆ្នាំ១៩៧៤ ពួកគេបានដណ្តើមកាន់កាប់ទឹកដីទាំងប៉ុន្មានដែលបានបាត់បង់កាលរដូវប្រាំងនៃឆ្នាំមុនមកវិញ។ [[File:Victory Central Highlands.jpg|thumb|upright=.8|វិមានរំលឹកអនុស្សាវរីយនៃយុទ្ធនាការ[[បួនម៉ាធួត]]ឆ្នាំ១៩៧៤ បង្ហាញពីការពលីរបស់[[ម៉ុងតាញ៉ា (វៀតណាម)|ទាហានម៉ុងតាញ៉ា]]នៃ[[តំបន់ខ្ពង់រាបកណ្តាល (វៀតណាម)|តំបន់ខ្ពង់រាបកណ្តាល]] រួមជាមួយនឹង[[រថក្រោះតេ-៥៤/តេ-៥៥|រថក្រោះតេ-៥៤]]]] នៅវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង ការដកខ្លួនរបស់អាមេរិកនិង[[វិបត្តិប្រេងឆ្នាំ១៩៧៣]] បានរង្គោះរង្គាយសេដ្ឋកិច្ចជាតិខ្លួនដែលទម្លាប់ពឹងលើជំនួយ និងវត្តមានកងទ័ពអាមេរិក។ ក្រោយការប៉ះទង្គិចគ្នាដែលបានបណ្តាលឱ្យទាហានវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងចំនួន ៥៥ នាក់បាត់បង់ជីវិត លោកធៀវបានប្រកាសនៅក្នុងខែមករា ឆ្នាំ១៩៧៤ ថា សង្គ្រាមត្រូវបានចាប់ផ្តើមឡើងវិញ ហើយកិច្ចព្រមព្រៀងសន្តិភាពលែងមានសុពលភាពតទៀតហើយ។ នៅកំឡុងបទឈប់បាញ់ ចំនួនមនុស្សស្លាប់របួសខាងវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងមានរហូតដល់ទៅ ២៥,០០០ នាក់។<ref>{{Cite web|title=This Day in History 1974: Thieu announces war has resumed|url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/thieu-announces-war-has-resumed|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120114757/http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/thieu-announces-war-has-resumed|archive-date=20 January 2013|access-date=23 April 2026|publisher=History.com|archivedate=20 មករា 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120114757/http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/thieu-announces-war-has-resumed}}</ref>{{sfn|Hastings|2018|pp=683}}{{Rp|៦៨៣}} លោក[[ជេរ៉ល់ដ៍ ហ្វដ]]បានឡើងកាន់អំណាចជាប្រធានាធិបតីអាមេរិកនៅក្នុងខែសីហា ឆ្នាំ១៩៧៤ ហើយក្រោមរដ្ឋបាលលោក សភាអាមេរិកបានសម្រេចកាត់បន្ថយជំនួយហិរញ្ញវត្ថុដល់វៀតណាមខាងត្បូងពី ១ ពាន់លានដុល្លារអាមេរិកក្នុងមួយឆ្នាំ មកត្រឹម ៧០០ លានដុល្លារអាមេរិក។ មិនតែប៉ុណ្ណោះ សភាក៏បានបោះឆ្នោតអនុម័តលើការរឹតបន្តឹងជំនួយមូលនិធិទាំងឡាយជាដំណាក់ៗនៅពេញមួយឆ្នាំ១៩៧៥ ក្នុងគោលដៅកាត់ផ្តាច់ជំនួយមូលនិធិទាំងស្រុងនៅឆ្នាំ១៩៧៦។{{sfn|Hastings|2018|p=686}} ភាពជោគជ័យពីយុទ្ធនាការវាយលុកក្នុងរដូវប្រាំងឆ្នាំ១៩៧៣–៧៤ បានជម្រុញឱ្យវ៉ាន់ចាធ្វើដំណើរទៅហាណូយនៅខែតុលា ឆ្នាំ១៩៧៤ ដើម្បីសុំស្នើកម្លាំងទ័ពបន្ថែមសម្រាប់បើកការវាយលុកកម្រិតធំជាងនេះនៅរដូវប្រាំងនៃឆ្នាំបន្ទាប់។ នៅក្នុងដំណើរទៅទីក្រុងហាណូយ លោកវ៉ាន់ចាបានកត់សម្គាល់ពីហេដ្ឋារចនាសម្ព័ន្ធផ្លូវប្រសើរនិងធំជាងមុន ដែលជាទិដ្ឋភាពខុសពីមុនឆ្ងាយ ពោលកាលដែលផ្លូវលំហូជីមិញធ្លាប់ឆ្លងកាត់ឡើងចុះភ្នំនិងព្រៃក្រាស់ៗ។{{sfn|Karnow|1997|p=676}} សំណើលោកវ៉ាន់ចាត្រូវបានទទួលយកដោយលេខាបក្សកុម្មុយនីស្តវៀតណាមគឺលោកឡេ​ ស៊ួន។ ផែនការវាយលុកថ្មីរបស់វ៉ាន់ចានឹងផ្ដើមចេញពីប្រទេសកម្ពុជាចូលទៅក្នុង[[ខេត្តភឿកឡុង]]។ ការវាយប្រហារនេះត្រូវបានរចនាឡើងដើម្បីដោះស្រាយបញ្ហាភស្តុភារ វាស់ស្ទង់ប្រតិកម្មរបស់កងកម្លាំងវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង និងកំណត់ថាតើសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកនឹងត្រឡប់មកវិញឬអត់។{{sfn|Hastings|2018|pp=685–690}} នៅថ្ងៃទី១៣ ខែធ្នូ ឆ្នាំ១៩៧៤ កងកម្លាំងវៀតណាមខាងជើងបាន[[សមរភូមិភឿកឡុង|វាយចូលខេត្តភឿកឡុង]] ហើយទីរួមខេត្តភឿកប៊ិញក៏បានដួលរលំនៅថ្ងៃទី៦ ខែមករា ឆ្នាំ១៩៧៥។ ហ្វដបានខិតខំស្នើសុំសភាឱ្យអនុញ្ញាតបើកថវិកាដើម្បីជួយនិងផ្គត់ផ្គង់ដល់វៀតណាមខាងត្បូងឡើងវិញ<ref name="Ford asks for additional aid">{{Cite news |title=Ford asks for additional aid |work=history.com |url=https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/ford-asks-for-additional-aid |url-status=dead |access-date=23 April 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811232207/https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/ford-asks-for-additional-aid |archive-date=11 August 2018}}</ref> ប៉ុន្តែសភាបានបដិសេដ។<ref name="Ford asks for additional aid"/> ល្បឿនរហ័សនៃភាពជោគជ័យនេះបាននាំឱ្យការិយាល័យនយោបាយវៀតណាមកុម្មុយនីស្តវាយតម្លៃពីស្ថានភាពសង្គ្រាមឡើងវិញ។ ក្នុងនោះ ពួកគេបានសម្រេចថាប្រតិបត្តិការនៅតំបន់ខ្ពង់រាបកណ្តាលនឹងត្រូវប្រគល់ឱ្យលោកឧត្តមសេនីយ៍វ៉ាន់ ទៀនស៊ុងទទួលរ៉ាប់រង ហើយទីក្រុង[[លៃគូ]]គួរត្រូវវាយកាន់កាប់ឱ្យបានឆាប់ៗតាមតែអាចធ្វើបាន។<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Dougan |first1=Clark |title=The Vietnam Experience The Fall of the South |last2=Fulgham |first2=David |publisher=Boston Publishing Company |year=1985 |isbn=978-0-939526-16-1 |page=22}}</ref> នៅដើមឆ្នាំ១៩៧៥ កងទ័ពវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងមានកាំភ្លើងធំច្រើនជាងខាងជើងដល់ទៅបីដង ព្រមទាំងរថក្រោះនិងរថពាសដែកច្រើនជាងកងទ័ពប្រជាជនវៀតណាមប្រមាណពីរដង។ តែយ៉ាងណា កំណើនតម្លៃប្រេងខ្ពស់មានន័យថាអាវុធទាំងនេះគឺមិនអាចប្រើប្រាស់បានពេញលេញនោះទេ។ លើសពីនេះ ដោយសារគោលនយោបាយវៀតណាមនីយកម្ម កងយោធាវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងត្រូវប្រឈមនឹងកង្វះគ្រឿងបន្លាស់ និងក្រុមបច្ចេកទេសផ្សេងៗសម្រាប់ផ្គត់ផ្គង់គ្រឿងសព្វាវុធទាំងនោះ។<ref name=Stewart/>{{Rp|៣៦២–៣៦៦}} ===យុទ្ធនាការ ២៧៥=== {{See also|យុទ្ធនាការវស្សានរដូវឆ្នាំ១៩៧៥|សមរភូមិបួនម៉ាធួត|យុទ្ធនាការហ្វេ–ដាណាង}} នៅថ្ងៃទី១០ ខែមីនា ឆ្នាំ១៩៧៥ លោកទៀនស៊ុងបានផ្ដើមយុទ្ធនាការ ២៧៥ ដែលត្រូវជាការវាយលុកមានកំណត់ចូលទៅក្នុងតំបន់ខ្ពង់រាបកណ្តាល ដោយមានការគាំទ្រពីកងរថក្រោះ និងកាំភ្លើងធំធុនធ្ងន់។ គោលដៅចម្បងនៃយុទ្ធនាការនេះគឺ[[សមរភូមិបួនម៉ាធួត|កាន់កាប់ក្រុងបួនម៉ាធួត]]។ ការកាន់កាប់ទីក្រុងនេះគឺប្រៀបបានដូចជាបើកទ្វារឱ្យកងទ័ពវៀតណាមខាងជើងបន្តយុទ្ធនាការពួកគេចូលទៅត្រួតត្រាទីរួមខេត្តលៃគូ និងផ្លូវផ្សេងៗទៅតំបន់ឆ្នេរអញ្ចឹង។<ref name=Tucker/>{{Rp|}} លោកធៀវបានប្រែមកអនុវត្តយុទ្ធសាស្ត្រ "ស្រាលលើ ធ្ងន់ក្រោម" ពោលលោកបានបញ្ជាឱ្យកម្លាំងខ្លួនដកថយពីតំបន់ខ្ពង់រាបកណ្តាល និងទីតាំងផ្សេងៗដែលពិបាកការពារ។ កងកម្លាំងវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងភាគច្រើនដែលព្យាយាមរត់ដកថយ បានបន្សល់ទុកនូវអង្គភាពតូចៗនៅបន្តឈរប្រយុទ្ធតតាំងនឹងសត្រូវ។ នាយឧត្តមសេនីយ៍វៀតណាមខាងត្បូងឈ្មោះភូបានបញ្ជាឱ្យកម្លាំងខ្លួនបោះបង់ក្រុងលៃគូ និងកនទូមចោល ហើយដកថយទៅតំបន់ឆ្នេរវិញ។{{sfn|Hastings|2018|pp=693–694}} នៅថ្ងៃទី២០ ខែមីនា ធៀវបានផ្លាស់ប្តូរយុទ្ធសាស្ត្រមួយចំនួនដោយបញ្ជាឱ្យដាច់ខាតត្រូវតែការពារទីក្រុងហ្វេ ដែលត្រូវជាទីប្រជុំជនវៀតណាមធំបំផុតទីបីនៅកាលនុះ។ នៅថ្ងៃទី២២ ខែមីនា កងទ័ពប្រជាជនវៀតណាមបានបើក[[យុទ្ធនាការហ្វេ–ដាណាង|ការវាយប្រហារលើទីក្រុងហ្វេ]] ដែលជាហេតុបង្ខំឱ្យប្រជាជនស៊ីវិលជាច្រើនរត់ទៅផ្ដុំគ្នានៅអាកាសយានដ្ឋាន និងកំពង់ផែក្រុងដោយសង្ឃឹមថាពួកគេនឹងអាចចាកចេញរួច។ នៅពេលដែលកម្លាំងការពារទីក្រុងហ្វេបានរលំ កងទ័ពប្រជាជនវៀតណាមបានបង្វែរមកផ្តោលលើទីក្រុងដាណាងម្តងដោយបានបាញ់បំផ្លោងគ្រាប់រ៉ុក្កែតជាច្រើនចូលក្រុង និងព្រមទាំងអាកាសយានដ្ឋានផង។ នៅថ្ងៃទី២៨ ខែមីនា កងទ័ពកុម្មុយនីស្តចំនួន ៣៥,០០០ នាក់បានត្រៀមខ្លួនប្រុងប្រៀបវាយប្រហារជាយក្រុងដាណាង។ នៅថ្ងៃទី៣០ ខែមីនា កងទ័ពវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង ដែលគ្មានមេបញ្ជាការដឹកនាំចំនួន ១០០,០០០ នាក់បានទម្លាក់អាវុធចុះចាញ់ ខណៈកងទ័ពកុម្មុយនីស្តបានសម្រុកចូលទីក្រុងដាណាងជាក្បួនៗ។ ក្រោយក្រុងហ្វេនិងដាណាងបានដួលរលំ វៀតណាមខាងត្បូងត្រូវបាត់បង់តំបន់ខ្ពង់រាបកណ្តាល និងខេត្តភាគខាងជើងទាំងអស់ទៅពួកកុម្មុយនីស្ត។{{sfn|Hastings|2018|pp=699–700}} ===យុទ្ធនាការវាយបកចុងក្រោយដោយវៀតណាមខាងជើង=== {{Further|topic=យុទ្ធនាការវាយបកចុងក្រោយរបស់វៀតណាមខាងជើង សូមមើល|យុទ្ធនាការហូជីមិញ}} {{See also|សមរភូមិស៊ួនឡុក}} [[File:18thARVNsoldiersatxuanloc by Dirck Halstead.jpg|thumb|ទាហានវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងកំឡុង[[សមរភូមិស៊ួនឡុក]], មេសា ១៩៧៥]] បន្ទាប់ពីពាក់កណ្ដាលនៃទឹកដីវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងបានធ្លាក់ក្រោមការត្រួតត្រារបស់ពួកកុម្មុយនីស្ត​ ការិយាល័យ​នយោបាយ​វៀតណាមខាងជើងក៏បាន​បញ្ជា​ឱ្យ​ទៀនស៊ុងបើក​វគ្គ​វាយលុក​ចុងក្រោយ។ គោលដៅក្នុងគម្រោង[[យុទ្ធនាការ​ហូជីមិញ​]]គឺធ្វើយ៉ាងណាត្រូវវាយដណ្តើម​កាន់កាប់ទីក្រុង​សៃហ្គន​ឱ្យបាននៅមុន​ថ្ងៃទី១ ខែឧសភា។ ក្រោយទទួលបានជ័យជម្នះជាប់ៗគ្នាកន្លងមក កងកម្លាំងវៀតណាមខាងជើងបានបន្ត​​រុញចូលកាន់កាប់ទីក្រុង[[​ញ៉ាត្រាង]] [[កាំរ៉ាញ]] និង[[ដាឡាត]]។{{sfn|Hastings|2018|pp=702–704}} នៅថ្ងៃទី៧ ខែមេសា កងពលធំនៃកម្លាំងកុម្មុយនីស្តចំនួនបីបានវាយលុកស្រុក[[ស៊ួនឡុក]] ដែលមានចម្ងាយ ៦៤ គីឡូម៉ែត្រពីទីក្រុងសៃហ្គន។ កងកម្លាំងវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងបានប្រឹងប្រែងការពារយ៉ាងស្វិតស្វាញ ប៉ុន្តែនៅថ្ងៃទី២១ ខែមេសា ពួកគេត្រូវបង្ខំដកថយទៅសៃហ្គនវិញ។{{sfn|Hastings|2018|pp=704–707}} លោកធៀវបានលាលែងពីតំណែងដោយទឹកមុខក្រៀមក្រំនិងទឹកភ្នែកសស្រាក់សស្រាំ ដោយថ្លែងថា សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកបានផិតក្បត់នឹងវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង។ មិនតែប៉ុណ្ណោះ ធៀវបានបន្ថែមទៀតថា លោកឃីស៊ីងហ្គ័របានបោកបញ្ឆោតឱ្យលោកព្រមចុះហត្ថលេខាលើកិច្ចព្រមព្រៀងទីក្រុងប៉ារីស ដោយសន្យានឹងផ្តល់ជំនួយយោធា ដែលមកទល់ពេលនេះគឺគ្មានបានផ្លែផ្កាអ្វីសោះឡើយ។ បន្ទាប់ពីធៀវបានផ្ទេរអំណាចទៅឱ្យ[[ជិន វ៉ាន់ហឿង]]នៅថ្ងៃទី២១ ខែមេសា លោកក៏បានចាកចេញទៅ[[តៃវ៉ាន់]]។{{sfn|Hastings|2018|p=714}} នៅសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកវិញ បន្ទាប់ពីសភាបានបដិសេដកញ្ចប់ជំនួយថវិកាចំនួន ៧២២ លានដុល្លារសម្រាប់វៀតណាមខាងត្បូង លោកប្រធានាធិបតីហ្វដបានថ្លែងសុន្ទរកថាតាមកញ្ចក់ទូរទស្សន៍នៅថ្ងៃទី២៣ ខែមេសា ថា សង្គ្រាមនៅវៀតណាមបានបិទបញ្ចប់ហើយ ចំណែកឯជំនួយអាមេរិកក៏លែងមានទៀតដែរ។<ref>{{Cite web |last=Finney |first=John W. |date=12 April 1975 |title=Congress Resists U.S. Aid In Evacuating Vietnamese |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/04/12/archives/congress-resists-us-aid-in-evacuating-vietnamese-congress-resists.html |access-date=24 April 2026 |website=The New York Times|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409033130/https://www.nytimes.com/1975/04/12/archives/congress-resists-us-aid-in-evacuating-vietnamese-congress-resists.html|archive-date=April 9, 2023 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Transcript of speech by President Gerald R. Ford - April 23, 1975 |url=https://digitallibrary.tulane.edu/islandora/object/tulane%3A75293 |access-date=24 April 2026 |publisher=Tulane University|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409183152/https://digitallibrary.tulane.edu/islandora/object/tulane:75293|archive-date=April 9, 2023}}</ref> នៅចុងខែមេសា កងទ័ពវៀតណាមខាងជើងបានបែកជួររលំស្ទើរទាំងអស់លើកលែងតែនៅតំបន់[[ដីសណ្តមេគង្គ]] ខណៈជនភៀសសឹកជាច្រើននាក់បានរត់មកប្រមូលផ្ដុំនៅប៉ែកខាងត្បូងប្រទេស។ នៅថ្ងៃទី៧ ខែមេសា កងទ័ពវៀតណាមខាងជើងប្រមាណ ១០០,០០០ នាក់បានចូលឡោមព័ទ្ធទីក្រុងសៃហ្គន ខណៈកងការពារវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងមានត្រឹមតែប្រមាណ ៣០,០០០ នាក់ប៉ុណ្ណោះ។ ដើម្បីពន្លឿនការចូលកាន់កាប់ក្រុង កងទ័ពវៀតណាមខាងជើងបានបាញ់គ្រាប់ផ្លោងចូលក្នុង[[អាកាសយានដ្ឋានតានសូនណាត្ត|អាកាសយានដ្ឋានតាន់សឺនញ៉ាត់]] ជាហេតុបង្ខំឱ្យវាបិទទ្វារ ក៏ដូចជាកាត់ផ្ដាច់មធ្យោបាយចាកចេញរបស់ប្រជាជនស៊ីវិលផងដែរ។{{sfn|Hastings|2018|p=716}} ===ការដួលរលំនៃទីក្រុងសៃហ្គន=== {{Main|ការដួលរលំនៃទីក្រុងសៃហ្គន|ប្រតិបត្តិការហ្វ្រីក្វឹនវីនដ៍}} [[ច្បាប់អាជ្ញាសឹក]]ត្រូវបានប្រកាសនៅពេលដែលឧទ្ធម្ភាគចក្រអាមេរិកបានចាប់ផ្តើមជម្លៀសប្រជាជនវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងមួយចំនួន ក៏ដូចជាជនជាតិអាមេរិក និងជនបរទេសផ្សេងៗទៀតចេញតាមព្រលានតាន់សឺនញ៉ាត់ និងបរិវេណស្ថានទូតបរទេសផ្សេងៗ។ [[ប្រតិបត្តិការហ្វ្រីក្វឹនវីនដ៍]] ត្រូវបានពន្យាររហូតដល់នាទីចុងក្រោយបំផុតតាមដែលអាចប្រព្រឹត្តិទៅបាន ដោយសារតែឯកអគ្គរដ្ឋទូតអាមេរិកនាពេលនោះគឺលោក[[ក្រាហាម ម៉ាទីន]]បានយល់ឃើញថា ទីក្រុងសៃហ្គនប្រហែលជាអាចតតាំងការពារខ្លួនបានបន្តទៀត ហើយដំណោះស្រាយនយោបាយអាចនឹងត្រូវសម្រេចបានមុនពេលទីក្រុងនេះដួលទាំងស្រុង។ ហ្វ្រីក្វឹនវីនដ៍ផងដែរគឺជាបេសកកម្មជម្លៀសមនុស្សតាមឧទ្ធម្ភាគចក្រដ៏ធំបំផុតនៅក្នុងប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ។ នៅព្រឹកប្រលឹមថ្ងៃទី៣០ ខែមេសា កងម៉ារីនអាមេរិកចុងក្រោយគេត្រូវបានជម្លៀសចេញពីស្ថានទូតដោយឧទ្ធម្ភាគចក្រ ខណៈដែលជនស៊ីវិលដែលនៅសេសសល់បាននាំគ្នារុលចូលបរិវេណ និងទីធ្លានៃស្ថានទូត។{{sfn|Hastings|2018|pp=718–720}} កងទ័ពកុម្មុយនីស្តវៀតណាមខាងជើងបានដើរចូលក្នុងទីក្រុងសៃហ្គន ដោយកម្ចាត់ចោលនូវរបាំងការពារទាំងអស់ដែលនៅនឹងផ្លូវរបស់ខ្លួន និងព្រមទាំងដណ្តើមកាន់កាប់អគារនិងទីតាំងសំខាន់ៗនៅជុំវិញទីក្រុងផង។<ref name="mtholyoke.edu">{{Cite report |url=https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/paris.htm |title=The Paris Agreement on Vietnam: Twenty-five Years Later |date=April 1998 |publisher=The Nixon Center |location=Washington, D.C. |access-date=26 April 2026 |type=Conference Transcript |via=International Relations Department, Mount Holyoke College |archive-date=1 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901153020/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/paris.htm |url-status=dead |archivedate=1 កញ្ញា 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901153020/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/paris.htm |deadurl=yes }}</ref> រថក្រោះនៃកងពលទីពីរបានបុកទម្លាយច្រកទ្វារនៃ[[វិមានឯករាជ្យ (វៀតណាម)|វិមានឯករាជ្យវៀតណាម]] ហើយទង់វៀតកុងត្រូវបានលើកបង្ហោះនៅលើដំបូលនៃវិមាននោះ។<ref>{{Citation |last=Thai Binh Department of Information and Communications |title=Soldier from Thai Binh who put flag on the roof of Independence Palace |date=30 July 2020 |url=https://thaibinh.gov.vn/english130nam/dat-va-nguoi-thai-binh/soldier-from-thai-binh-who-put-flag-on-the-roof-of-independe.html |work=Thai Binh Provincial Portal |publication-place=Thai Binh |access-date=26 April 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409174812/https://thaibinh.gov.vn/english130nam/dat-va-nguoi-thai-binh/soldier-from-thai-binh-who-put-flag-on-the-roof-of-independe.html|archive-date=April 9, 2023}}.</ref> ប្រធានាធិបតី[[សឿង វ៉ាន់មិញ]]ដែលបានឡើងបន្តតំណែងពីលោកវ៉ាន់ហឿងកាលពីពីរថ្ងៃមុន បានប្រគល់រូបខ្លួនទៅឱ្យលោកវរសេនីយ៍ទោប៊ូយ វ៉ាន់ទុង ដែកជាស្នងការនយោបាយនៃកងពលតូចរថក្រោះទី២០៣។<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 April 2020 |title=Reunion of the Veterans organization of Tank Amour force in the South Vietnam |url=https://independencepalace.gov.vn/news/a-reunion-of-the-veterans-organization-of-tank-amour-force-in-the-south-vietnam-was-held-at-independence-palace-historical-site/ |access-date=26 April 2026 |website=Dinh Độc Lập |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404035108/https://independencepalace.gov.vn/news/a-reunion-of-the-veterans-organization-of-tank-amour-force-in-the-south-vietnam-was-held-at-independence-palace-historical-site/|archive-date=April 4, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Leong, Ernest |title=Vietnam Tries to Create New Image 30 Years After End of War |date=31 October 2009 |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-2005-04-27-voa67/397223.html |work=Voice of America |access-date=14 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404085333/https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-2005-04-27-voa67/397223.html|archive-date=April 4, 2023}}.</ref><ref name="Terzani">{{Cite book |last=Terzani |first=Tiziano |title=Giai Phong! The Fall and Liberation of Saigon |publisher=Angus & Robertson (U.K.) Ltd |year=1976 |isbn=0207957126 |pages=92–96}}</ref>{{Rp|៩៥–៩៦}} វ៉ាន់មិញត្រូវបានវៀតកុងអមដំណើរទៅកាន់ស្ថានីយ៍[[វិទ្យុទីក្រុងសៃហ្គន]] ដើម្បីប្រកាសពីការទទួលចុះចាញ់របស់វៀតណាមខាងត្បូង។<ref name="Bui Tin">{{Cite book |last=Bui |first=Tin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2NUl_nVpW-gC |title=Following Ho Chi Minh: The Memoirs of a North Vietnamese Colonel |date=1999 |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |isbn=9780824822330 |pages=84–86 |access-date=26 April 2026 |archive-date=30 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430010702/https://books.google.com/books?id=2NUl_nVpW-gC |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Rp|៨៥}} សេចក្តីប្រកាសថ្លែងការណ៍នោះត្រូវបានផ្សព្វផ្សាយនៅវេលាម៉ោង ២:៣០ រសៀល។<ref name=Terzani/> ==ការចូលរួមពីប្រទេសក្រៅ== {{Main|ការចូលរួមអន្តរជាតិក្នុងសង្គ្រាមវៀតណាម}} ===ប្រទេសគាំទ្រទីក្រុងហាណូយ=== ចិនជាប្រទេសដែលបានផ្តល់ជំនួយគាំទ្រដ៏សំខាន់មួយដល់វៀតណាមខាងជើង ពិសេសនៅពេលដែលសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកបានចាប់ផ្តើមចូលធ្វើអន្តរាគមន៍ ដោយជំនួយចិនទាំងនោះរួមមានជំនួយហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ និងអ្នកជំនាញយោធារាប់រយរាប់ពាន់នាក់។ ប្រទេសចិនបានអះអាងថាសាមីខ្លួនបានផ្ដល់ជំនួយយោធា និងសេដ្ឋកិច្ចដល់វៀតណាមខាងជើងសរុបស្មើនឹង ១៦០ ពាន់លានដុល្លារ (តម្លៃរៀបតម្រូវសម្រាប់ឆ្នាំ២០២២)។<ref name="Womack"/>{{Rp|}} នៅរដូវក្ដៅនៃឆ្នាំ១៩៦២ លោក[[ម៉ៅ សេទុង]]បានយល់ព្រមផ្គត់ផ្គង់អាវុធកាំភ្លើងវែងខ្លីចំនួន ៩០,០០០ ដើមដល់ហាណូយដោយមិនគិតថ្លៃ ហើយចាប់ផ្តើមនៅឆ្នាំ១៩៦៥ ប្រទេសចិនបានបញ្ជូនអង្គភាពប្រឆាំងយន្តហោះ និងកងវរសេនាធំវិស្វកម្ម ដើម្បីជួសជុលការខូចខាតដែលបង្កឡើងដោយការទម្លាក់គ្រាប់បែករបស់អាមេរិក។ ពួកគេទាំងនោះបានជួយរៀបចំប្រព័ន្ធអាគុយប្រឆាំងយន្តហោះ សាងសង់ផ្លូវថ្នល់និងផ្លូវដែកឡើងវិញ ដឹកជញ្ជូនសម្ភារៈភស្តុភារ និងអនុវត្តការងារវិស្វកម្មផ្សេងៗទៀត។ សកម្មភាពទាំងអស់នេះបានបន្សល់តែការងារប្រយុទ្ធលើសមរភូមិឱ្យតែអង្គភាពកងទ័ពប្រជាជនវៀតណាមប៉ុណ្ណោះ។ ដោយឡែក ប្រទេសចិនបានបញ្ជូនទ័ពខ្លួនចំនួន ៣២០,០០០ នាក់ និងដឹកជញ្ជូនអាវុធចូលវៀតណាមខាងជើងប្រចាំឆ្នាំមានតម្លៃ ១៨០ លានដុល្លារ។<ref name="Qiang">{{Cite book |last=Qiang |first=Zhai |title=China and the Vietnam Wars, 1950–1975 |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-8078-4842-5}}</ref>{{Rp|១៣៥}} ចំពោះសហភាពសូវៀតវិញ ពួកគេបានផ្គត់ផ្គងជំនួយដូចជា សម្ភារៈវេជ្ជសាស្ត្រ គ្រឿងសព្វាអាវុធ រថក្រោះ យន្តហោះ ឧទ្ធម្ភាគចក្រចម្បាំង កាំភ្លើងធំ គ្រាប់មីស៊ីលប្រឆាំងយន្តហោះ និងគ្រឿងបរិក្ខារយោធាផ្សេងៗ។ បន្ទាប់ពីការរំលាយសហភាពសូវៀតនៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៩១ ប្រទេសរុស្ស៊ីបានទទួលស្គាល់ថា សហភាពសូវៀតបានបញ្ជូនទាហានខ្លួនប្រមាណរហូតដល់ទៅ ៣,០០០ នាក់មកប្រទេសវៀតណាម។<ref>{{Cite news |title=Soviet Involvement in the Vietnam War |publisher=historicaltextarchive.com |agency=Associated Press |url=http://historicaltextarchive.com/sections.php?action=read&artid=180|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222024941/http://historicaltextarchive.com/sections.php?action=read&artid=180|archive-date=February 22, 2012}}</ref> អង្គភាពយោធាសូវៀតចំនួន ១៦ នាក់ត្រូវបានបាត់បង់ជីវិតក្នុងសមរភូមិកំឡុងធ្វើសង្គ្រាម។<ref name="Dunnigan & Nofi 284">{{cite book |last1=Dunnigan |first1=James F. |last2=Nofi |first2=Albert A. |title=Dirty Little Secrets of the Vietnam War |date=1999 |publisher=St. Martin's Press |isbn=0312198574 |page=284 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780613656528/page/284/mode/2up?q=16 |access-date=27 April 2026}}</ref> ពីចន្លោះឆ្នាំ១៩៥៣ និងឆ្នាំ១៩៩១ គ្រឿងបរិក្ខារដែលបានបរិច្ចាគដោយសហភាពសូវៀតមកវៀតណាមខាងជើងមានដូចជា៖ រថក្រោះចំនួន ២,០០០ គ្រឿង, រថពាសដែកចំនួន ១,៧០០ គ្រឿង, កាំភ្លើងធំចំនួន ៧,០០០ ដើម, កាំភ្លើងប្រឆាំងយន្តហោះជាង ៥,០០០ គ្រឿង, កាំភ្លើងបាញ់មីស៊ីលពីដីទៅអាកាសចំនួន ១៥៨ គ្រឿង, និងឧទ្ធម្ភាគចក្រចំនួន ១២០ គ្រឿង។ មិនតែប៉ុណ្ណោះ សូវៀតក៏បានដឹកជញ្ជូនអាវុធមកឱ្យវៀតណាមខាងជើងក្នុងមួយឆ្នាំៗតម្លៃ ៤៥០ លានដុល្លារផងដែរ។<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sarin |first1=Oleg |url=https://archive.org/details/alienwarssovietu00sari |title=Alien Wars: The Soviet Union's Aggressions Against the World, 1919 to 1989 |last2=Dvoretsky |first2=Lev |publisher=Presidio Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-89141-421-6 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/alienwarssovietu00sari/page/93 93–4] |url-access=registration}}</ref>{{sfn|Hastings|2018|pp=364–371}} ===ប្រទេសគាំទ្រទីក្រុងសៃហ្គន=== ដោយសារតែវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងជាផ្នែកមួយនៃសម្ព័ន្ធភាពយោធាជាមួយសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក អូស្ត្រាលី នូវែលសេឡង់ បារាំង ចក្រភពអង់គ្លេស ប៉ាគីស្ថាន ថៃ និងហ្វីលីពីនស្រាប់ ដូច្នេះសម្ព័ន្ធភាពនេះបានដើរតួនាទីយ៉ាងសំខាន់ផងដែរនៅក្នុងសង្គ្រាម។ ចក្រភពអង់គ្លេស បារាំង និងប៉ាគីស្ថានបានបដិសេធមិនចូលរួមផ្ទាល់ឡើយ ខណៈកូរ៉េខាងត្បូង តៃវ៉ាន់ និងអេស្ប៉ាញបានចូលរួមក្នុងនាមជាដៃគូសម្ព័ន្ធមិត្តក្រៅសន្ធិសញ្ញា។ ==ឧក្រិដ្ឋកម្មសង្គ្រាម== ភាគីជម្លោះទាំងសងខាងបានប្រព្រឹត្តបទឧក្រិដ្ឋសង្គ្រាមច្រើនចំនួនដូចគ្នារួមមាន ការរំលោភសេពសន្ថវៈ ការសម្លាប់រង្គាលប្រជាជនស៊ីវិល ការទម្លាក់គ្រាប់បែកលើទីតាំងស៊ីវិល អំពើភេរវកម្មផ្សេងៗ ការធ្វើទារុណកម្ម និងការប្រហារជីវិតឈ្លើយសឹកដោយសង្ខេប។ បទឧក្រិដ្ឋផ្សេងៗទៀតរួមមាន ចោរកម្ម ការដុតបំផ្លាញគេហដ្ឋាន និងការបំផ្លាញទ្រព្យសម្បត្តិដែលមិនជាប់ចំណងយោធា។<ref>{{Cite book |last=Solis |first=Gary D. |title=The Law of Armed Conflict: International Humanitarian Law in War |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-139-48711-5 |pages=301–303}}</ref> ===វៀតណាមខាងត្បូង និងអាមេរិក=== [[File:My Lai massacre.jpg|thumb|សពជនរងគ្រោះនៃ[[ការសម្លាប់រង្គាលនៅមីឡៃ]]]] នៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៦៦ [[សាលាក្ដីរុស្សែល]]ត្រូវបានរៀបចំឡើងដោយឥស្សរជនដែលប្រឆាំងនឹងសង្គ្រាមម្នាក់ឈ្មោះ[[ប៊ឺត្រានដ៍ រុស្សែល]] ដើម្បីអនុវត្តគោលការណ៍នៃ[[ច្បាប់អន្តរជាតិ]]។ សាលាក្ដីលោកបានរកឃើញថាសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក និងសម្ព័ន្ធមិត្តខ្លួនគឺមានទោសពីបទឈ្លានពាន ការប្រើប្រាស់អាវុធហាមឃាត់ដោយច្បាប់សង្គ្រាម ការទម្លាក់គ្រាប់បែកលើគោលដៅដែលមានលក្ខណៈស៊ីវិលសុទ្ធសាធ ការប្រព្រឹត្តអំពើទុក្ខទោសលើឈ្លើយ និង[[ការប្រល័យពូជសាសន៍|អំពើប្រល័យពូជសាសន៍]]ជាដើម។ ដោយសារតែកង្វះអំណាចផ្លូវច្បាប់របស់សាលាក្ដីមួយនេះ សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកក៏ដូចជារដ្ឋាភិបាលដទៃទៀតបានមើលរំលងមិនអើពើ។ តែយ៉ាងណា សវនាការនៅក្នុងសាលាក្ដីបានរួមចំណែកដល់ការប្រមូលផ្ដុំភស្តុតាងបង្កើតជាមូលដ្ឋានការពិតសម្រាប់ធ្វើនិទានកថាប្រឆាំងនឹងយុត្តិកម្មរបស់សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកចំពោះសង្គ្រាម និងបានជម្រុញបន្តសវនាការ កិច្ចជំនុំជម្រះក្ដីផ្សេងៗ និងការស៊ើបអង្កេតផ្នែកច្បាប់នៅជុំវិញសង្គ្រាមនេះ។<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tulli|first=Umberto|date=2021-06-01|title=Wielding the human rights weapon against the American empire: the second Russell Tribunal and human rights in transatlantic relations|journal=Journal of Transatlantic Studies|language=en|volume=19|issue=2|pages=215–237|doi=10.1057/s42738-021-00071-4 |doi-access=free|hdl=11572/312131|hdl-access=free}}</ref> នៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៦៨ [[ក្រុមការងារប្រឆាំងឧក្រិដ្ឋកម្មសង្គ្រាមវៀតណាម]]ត្រូវបានបង្កើតឡើងដោយក្រុមការងាររបស់មន្ទីរបញ្ចកោណ ក្រោយព័ត៌មានអំពី[[ការសម្លាប់រង្គាលនៅមីឡៃ]]បានបែកធ្លាយ ក្នុងគោលបំណងស៊ើបអង្កេតអំពីអំណះអំណាងនៃឧក្រិដ្ឋកម្មសង្គ្រាមបង្កឡើងដោយសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក។ ក្នុងចំណោមឧក្រិដ្ឋកម្មដែលបានរាយការណ៍ទៅអាជ្ញាធរយោធាអាមេរិក ភស្តុតាងស្បថដោយសាក្សី និងរបាយការណ៍ស្ថានភាពជាក់ស្ដែងបានបង្ហាញថា ឧប្បត្តិហេតុចំនួន ៣២០ ករណីគឺស្ថិតក្នុងមូលដ្ឋានការពិតមិនអាចប្រកែកបាន។<ref name="TurseNelson">{{Cite web |last1=Nick Turse |last2=Deborah Nelson |date=6 August 2006 |title=Civilian Killings Went Unpunished |url=https://www.latimes.com/news/la-na-vietnam6aug06,0,7018171,full.story |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121215021044/http://www.latimes.com/news/la-na-vietnam6aug06,0,7018171,full.story |archive-date=15 December 2012 |access-date=27 April 2026 |website=Los Angeles Times |archivedate=15 ធ្នូ 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121215021044/http://www.latimes.com/news/la-na-vietnam6aug06,0,7018171,full.story }}</ref> ករណីដែលមានភស្តុតាងគាំទ្រទាំងនោះរួមមាន ករណីសម្លាប់រង្គាលចំនួនប្រាំពីរលើកនៅរវាងឆ្នាំ១៩៦៧ និងឆ្នាំ១៩៧១ ដោយប្រជាជនស៊ីវិលយ៉ាងតិចចំនួន ១៣៧ នាក់ត្រូវបានសម្លាប់ផ្ដាច់ជីវិត បូករួមទាំងការវាយប្រហារបន្ថែមចំនួន ៧៨ ករណីទៀតដែលកើតមានទៅលើបុគ្គលមិនកាន់អាវុធ បង្កឱ្យមនុស្សស្លាប់ចំនួន ៥៧ នាក់ និងការរំលោភផ្លូវភេទលើមនុស្សចំនួន ១៥ នាក់ ហើយមិនតែប៉ុណ្ណោះ គេក៏បានរកឃើញផងដែរអំពីការធ្វើទារុណកម្មចំនួន ១៤១ ករណីប្រព្រឹត្តិឡើងដោយទាហានអាមេរិកចំពោះប្រជាជនស៊ីវិលកំពុងជាប់ឃុំឃាំង ឬឈ្លើយសឹក ដោយប្រើកណ្តាប់ដៃវៃ ដំបង ទឹក ឬចរន្តឆក់អគ្គិសនី។<ref name="TurseNelson"/> នៅកំឡុងប្រតិបត្តិការសង្គ្រាម កងកម្លាំងអាមេរិកបានបង្កើត "តំបន់បាញ់សេរី" ឡើង<ref>{{Cite news |title=Free Fire Zone – The Vietnam War |work=The Vietnam War |url=https://thevietnamwar.info/free-fire-zone/ |access-date=28 April 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205052554/https://thevietnamwar.info/free-fire-zone/|archive-date=February 5, 2023}}</ref> ពោលគឺរាល់បុគ្គលណាដែលឆ្លងចូលតំបន់នោះនឹងចាត់ទុកថាជាសត្រូវ ហើយនឹងត្រូវទាហានអាមេរិកបាញ់សម្លាប់ដោយមិនរើសមុខ។<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lewis M. Simons |title=Free Fire Zones |url=http://www.crimesofwar.org/a-z-guide/free-fire-zones/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019162449/http://www.crimesofwar.org/a-z-guide/free-fire-zones/ |archive-date=19 October 2016 |access-date=28 April 2026 |publisher=Crimes of War |archivedate=19 តុលា 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019162449/http://www.crimesofwar.org/a-z-guide/free-fire-zones/ }}</ref> អ្នកសារព័ត៌មានស៊ើបអង្កេត[[នីក ធើស]]បានចង្អុលបង្ហាញថា មូលហេតុមួយដែលជំរុញឱ្យចំនួនអ្នកស្លាប់របួសក្នុងសង្គ្រាមកើនឡើងខ្ពស់គឺមកពីតំបន់បាញ់សេរីនេះឯង ដោយក្នុងករណីជាច្រើន អ្នកដែលរត់ចូលក្នុងតំបន់នេះគឺភាគច្រើនជាជនស៊ីវិលដែលបានរត់គេចវេះពីការទម្លាក់គ្រាប់ ឬការបាញ់ប្រហារនៅក្នុងតំបន់ក្បែរៗនោះ។<ref name="Turse">{{Cite book |last=Turse |first=Nick |title=Kill Anything That Moves: The Real American War in Vietnam |publisher=Metropolitan Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-8050-8691-1}}</ref>{{Rp|២៥១}} របាយការណ៍មួយរបស់ ''Newsweek'' បានបង្ហាញថា មានជនស៊ីវិលយ៉ាងតិចប្រមាណ ៥,០០០ នាក់អាចត្រូវបានសម្លាប់ក្នុងបរិវេណនៃតំបន់បាញ់សេរីទាំងនោះ ហើយចំនួនដែលស្រង់ដោយទាហានអាមេរិកវិញគឺមានរហូតដល់ទៅ ១០,៨៨៩ នាក់ដែលគេអះអាងថាសុទ្ធតែជាយុទ្ធជនរបស់សត្រូវ។<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Kevin Buckley |date=19 June 1972 |title=Pacification's Deadly Price |url=http://www.chss.montclair.edu/english/furr/Vietnam/buckley.html |magazine=Newsweek |pages=42–43 |access-date=28 April 2026 |archive-date=10 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510130004/http://chss.montclair.edu/english/furr/Vietnam/buckley.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:The_Terror_of_War.png|thumb|រូបថតដែលគេឱ្យឈ្មោះថា "The Terror of War" ថតដោយ[[នីក អ៊ុត]] ដែលក្រោយមកបានក្លាយជាជ័យលាភីនៃ[[ពានរង្វាន់ភូលីតហ្សឺរ|ពានរង្វាន់ភូលីតហ្សឺរសម្រាប់រូបសារព័ត៌មានថតនៅនឹងកន្លែង]]ក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៧៣។ រូបនេះបានផ្តិតយកទិដ្ឋភាព[[ហ្វានធី គីមហ្វុក|ក្មេងស្រីអាយុ ៩ ឆ្នាំម្នាក់]]កំពុងស្រាតយំក្រោយរូបរាងកាយរបស់នាងបានប៉ះនឹងបំផ្ទុះគ្រាប់បែកណាប៉ាល់]] ចំពោះវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងវិញ បើយោងតាមលោកសាស្ត្រាចារ្យ[[អ. ជេ. រុម្មែល]] មនុស្សប្រមាណ ៣៩,០០០ នាក់ត្រូវបានសម្លាប់ផ្ដាច់ជីវិតក្នុងសម័យឌៀមជាលក្ខណៈ[[ប្រជាឃាត]]<ref name="Rummel"/>{{Rp|}} ហើយនៅចន្លោះឆ្នាំ១៩៦៤–៧៥ លោកបានប៉ាន់ប្រមាណបន្តទៀតថាមានមនុស្សស្លាប់ក្នុងករណីប្រជាឃាតចំនួន ៥០,០០០ នាក់បន្ថែម។ ដូច្នេះ ចំនួនមនុស្សស្លាប់សរុបដែលបង្កឡើងដោយវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងមានរហូតដល់ទៅជាង ៨០,០០០ នាក់។ [[កម្មវិធីហ្វីនិកស៍]] ដែលមានការសម្របសម្រួលពីសេអ៊ីអា ក្នុងគោលដៅបំផ្លាញហេដ្ឋារចនាសម្ព័ន្ធនយោបាយរបស់វៀតកុងនោះ បានសម្លាប់ជីវិតមនុស្សពីប្រមាណ ២៦,០០០ ទៅ ៤១,០០០ នាក់ ដោយក្នុងនោះ គេមិនបានដឹងថាមានចំនួនជនស៊ីវិលស្លូតត្រង់ស្លាប់ប៉ុន្មាននាក់នោះទេ។<ref name="Ward"/>{{Rp|៣៤១–៣៤៣}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Otterman |first=Michael |title=American Torture: From the Cold War to Abu Ghraib and Beyond |publisher=Melbourne University Publishing |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-522-85333-9 |page=62}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Hersh |first=Seymour |author-link=Seymour Hersh |date=15 December 2003 |title=Moving Targets |url=https://www.newyorker.com/archive/2003/12/15/031215fa_fact?currentPage=all |magazine=The New Yorker |access-date=28 April 2026 |archive-date=12 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112102432/http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2003/12/15/031215fa_fact?currentPage=all |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=McCoy |first=Alfred |title=A question of torture: CIA interrogation, from the Cold War to the War on Terror |publisher=Macmillan |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-8050-8041-4 |page=68}}</ref> ការធ្វើទារុណកម្ម និងទុក្ខទោសយ៉ាងកំរោលទៅលើឈ្លើយសឹក ក៏ដូចជាអ្នកទោសស៊ីវិល ត្រូវបានអនុវត្តជារឿយៗដោយអាជ្ញាធរវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង។<ref name="Greiner">{{Cite book |last=Greiner |first=Bernd |title=War Without Fronts: The USA in Vietnam |publisher=Vintage Books |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-09-953259-0}}</ref>{{Rp|៧៧}} នៅក្នុងដំណើរទស្សនកិច្ចទៅកាន់[[ពន្ធនាគារគោនដាវ|ពន្ធនាគារគោនសឺន]]ក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៧០ សមាជិកសភាអាមេរិកចំនួនពីររូបបានកត់សម្គាល់ឃើញអ្នកទោសឃុំឃាំងនៅក្នុង "ទ្រុងខ្លា" តូចចង្អៀត ឬត្រូវជាប់ច្រវាក់នៅនឹងបន្ទប់របស់ពួកគេ ហើយអាហាររបស់ពួកគេគឺស្ទើរតែគ្មានជីវជាតិអ្វីទៅហើយ។ ក្រុមគ្រូពេទ្យអាមេរិកបានរកឃើញដែរថាអ្នកទោសកំពុងបង្ហាញនូវរោគសញ្ញាដែលបណ្តាលមកពីការធ្វើទារុណកម្ម។<ref name=Greiner/>{{Rp|៧៧}} នៅកំឡុងដំណើរទស្សនកិច្ចរបស់[[កាកបាទក្រហមអន្តរជាតិ]]ទៅកាន់មណ្ឌលឃុំឃាំងប្រតិបត្តិដោយអាមេរិក គេបានកត់ត្រាករណីជាច្រើនដែលជាលទ្ធផលនៃការធ្វើទារុណកម្ម និងការប្រព្រឹត្តអំពើអមនុស្សធម៌ផ្សេងៗចំពោះអ្នកទោស។<ref name=Greiner/>{{Rp|៧៨}} ការធ្វើទារុណកម្មទាំងនោះត្រូវបានគេរាយការណ៍ថាបានធ្វើឡើងដោយអាជ្ញាធរវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងដោយមានការឃុបឃិតជាមួយសេអ៊ីអា។<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 December 2014 |title=Torture: What the Vietcong Learned and the CIA Didn't |work=Newsweek |url=http://www.newsweek.com/cia-torture-report-vietcong-vietnam-war-292041 |access-date=28 April 2026 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409031604/https://www.newsweek.com/cia-torture-report-vietcong-vietnam-war-292041|archive-date=April 9, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Man in the Snow White Cell |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol48no1/article06.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613112835/https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol48no1/article06.html |archive-date=13 June 2007 |access-date=28 April 2026 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |archivedate=13 មិថុនា 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613112835/https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol48no1/article06.html }}</ref> ខុសពីករណីសម្លាប់រង្គាលនៅមីឡៃ របាយការណ៍ផ្សព្វផ្សាយអំពីការធ្វើទារុណកម្មទៅលើឈ្លើយសឹកដោយកងកម្លាំងវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង និងអាមេរិកមិនបានបង្កើតសំឡេងតវ៉ាខ្លាំងៗជាសាធារណៈនៅសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកឡើយ។<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berni |first1=Marcel |title=Unheard voices: foreign journalists' coverage of Vietnamese prisoners during the American War in Vietnam |journal=Small Wars & Insurgencies |date=2 October 2024 |volume=35 |issue=7 |pages=1260–1284 |doi=10.1080/09592318.2024.2361973 |hdl=20.500.11850/679805 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> ===វៀតណាមខាងជើង និងវៀតកុង=== [[File:Infant victim of Dak Son massacre.jpg|thumb|upright=.6|ជនរងគ្រោះជាកូនក្មេងតូចនៃ[[ការសម្លាប់រង្គាលនៅដាក់សឺន]]]] ចំនួនការសម្លាប់ជាគោលដៅ និងចំនួនករណីស្លាប់របស់ប្រជាជនស៊ីវិល ក្រោមថ្វីដៃវៀតណាមខាងជើងនិងវៀតកុងត្រូវបានគេប៉ាន់ប្រមាណថាមានជាង ១៨,០០០ នាក់នៅចន្លោះពីឆ្នាំ១៩៦៦ ដល់ឆ្នាំ១៩៦៩។<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pedahzur |first=Ami |title=Root Causes of Suicide Terrorism: The Globalization of Martyrdom |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-415-77029-3 |page=116 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LIGTAgAAQBAJ |access-date=28 April 2026 |archive-date=13 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513214523/https://books.google.com/books?id=LIGTAgAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}</ref> មន្ទីរបញ្ចកោណបានប៉ាន់ប្រមាណថា កងកម្លាំងវៀតកុង/វៀតណាមខាងជើង បានផ្ដាច់ជីវិតមនុស្សចំនួន ៣៦,០០០ ករណី និងចាប់ជំរិតចំនួន ៥៨,០០០ ករណី ចាប់ពីឆ្នាំ១៩៦៧ ដល់ឆ្នាំ១៩៧២ និងអាចឆ្លងចូលដល់ឆ្នាំ១៩៧៣ ទៅទៀត។<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Lanning |first1=Michael |title=Inside the VC and the NVA: The Real Story of North Vietnam's Armed Forces |last2=Cragg |first2=Dan |publisher=Texas A&M University Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-60344-059-2 |pages=186–188 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/2746 |access-date=28 April 2026 |archive-date=4 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504134343/https://muse.jhu.edu/book/2746 |url-status=live }}</ref> ស្ថិតិសម្រាប់ឆ្នាំ១៩៦៨–៧២ បានបង្ហាញថា "ប្រហែល ៨០ ភាគរយនៃជនរងគ្រោះដោយសកម្មភាពភេរវកម្មកុម្មុយនីស្តវៀតណាមគឺជាជនស៊ីវិលធម្មតា ហើយមានតែប្រហែល ២០ ភាគរយប៉ុណ្ណោះដែលជាមន្ត្រីរដ្ឋាភិបាល នគរបាល សមាជិកនៃកងការពារ ឬកងកម្លាំងសន្តិភាព"។<ref name=Lewy/>{{Rp|២៧៣}} [[File:Hue, Vietnam....City officials of Hue who are responsible for identifying the victims of the Tet offensive of 1968... - NARA - 531460.tif|thumb|ពិធីបញ្ចុះសពជនរងគ្រោះក្នុង[[ការសម្លាប់រង្គាលនៅហ្វេ]]ឆ្នាំ១៩៦៨]] វៀតកុងបានប្រើប្រាស់អំពើភេរវកម្មដើម្បីពង្រីក និងរក្សាអំណាចគ្រប់គ្រងរបស់ខ្លួននៅតាមទីជនបន។ លោកម៉ាក្ស ហាស្ទីងស៍ (Max Hastings) បានសរសេរថា អ្នកគាំទ្រវៀតកុងជាទូទៅប្រមាណពីរភាគបីគឺបណ្ដាលមកពីភាពភ័យខ្លាច។ ឧទាហរណ៍ នៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៦០ កម្មាភិបាលវៀតកុងបានប្រល័យជីវិត "ជនក្បត់" ដោយប្រើប្រាស់ផ្គាក់ កប់ទាំងរស់ និងកាត់ក្បាល។ ក្នុងករណីមួយ ពួកគេបានកាត់​ស្រាវពោះវៀនមេភូមិព្រមទាំងភរិយា ខណៈដែលកូនៗពួកគេត្រូវកាត់ក្បាលចោល។{{Sfn|Hastings|2018|p=124}} យុទ្ធសាស្ត្រទន្ទ្រានទឹកដីរបស់វៀតកុងរួមមាន ការបាញ់ផ្លោងលើទីតាំងជនស៊ីវិល ពិសេសក្នុងជំរុំភៀសសឹក និងការដាក់បង្កប់មីននៅលើផ្លូវជាតិធំៗដែលអ្នកភូមិតែងតែប្រើប្រាស់ដើម្បីដឹកជញ្ជូនទំនិញទៅកាន់ទីផ្សារក្នុងទីប្រជុំជន។ មីនមួយចំនួនត្រូវបានកំណត់ឱ្យផ្ទុះនៅពេលរថយន្តធុនធ្ងន់ឆ្លងកាត់ ដែលបណ្តាលឱ្យមានករណីស្លាប់មនុស្សមួយក្រុមៗជាច្រើន ពិសេសចំពោះឡានក្រុង។<ref name="Lewy" />{{Rp|២៧០–២៧៩}} អំពើឃោរឃៅរបស់វៀតកុងដែលគេពេញនិយមស្គាល់បំផុតនោះរួមមាន ការសម្លាប់រង្គាលប្រជាជនស៊ីវិលស្លូតត្រង់ជាង ៣,០០០ នាក់នៅទីក្រុងហ្វេ<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kiernan |first=Ben |title=Viet Nam: A History from Earliest Times to the Present |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2017 |isbn=978-0-19-062730-0 |page=444 }}</ref> និងការសម្លាប់ជនស៊ីវិលម៉ុងតាញ៉ាចំនួន ២៥២ នាក់ក្នុងកំឡុង[[ការសម្លាប់រង្គាលនៅដាក់សឺន]]។<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pike |first=Douglas |url=https://archive.org/details/pavnpeoplesarmyo00pike |title=PAVN: People's Army of Vietnam |publisher=Presidio Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-89141-243-4 |url-access=registration}}</ref> ជនភៀសសឹកប្រមាណ ១៥៥,០០០ នាក់ដែលរត់គេចវេះពីប្រតិបត្តិការវាយលុកនៃវស្សានរដូវរបស់វៀតណាមខាងជើង ត្រូវបានគេរាយការណ៍ថាត្រូវបានសម្លាប់ ឬចាប់ជំរិតនៅតាមដងផ្លូវទៅកាន់ទីក្រុង[[ទុយហ័រ]]ក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៧៥។<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wiesner |first=Louis |title=Victims and Survivors: Displaced Persons and Other War Victims in Viet-Nam, 1954–1975 |publisher=Greenwood Press |year=1988 |isbn=978-0-313-26306-4 |pages=318–319}}</ref> កងទ័ពវៀតណាមខាងជើង/វៀតកុងបានសម្លាប់ជនស៊ីវិលប្រមាណ​ ១៦៤,០០០ នាក់ដោយប្រជាឃាតនៅរវាងឆ្នាំ១៩៥៤ និងឆ្នាំ១៩៧៥ នៅវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង។<ref name="Rummel" />{{Rp|}} វៀតណាមខាងជើងត្រូវបានគេដឹងផងដែរថាបានប្រព្រឹត្តអំពើឃោរឃៅជាច្រើនចំពោះឈ្លើយសឹកអាមេរិក ជាពិសេសនៅក្នុង[[ពន្ធនាគារហ័រឡ]] ដែលជាកន្លែងគេធ្វើទារុណកម្មដើម្បីទាញយកចម្លើយសារភាព។{{sfn|Karnow|1997|p=655}} ==សហេតុភាព== {{Main|សហេតុភាពសង្គ្រាមវៀតណាម}} {| class="wikitable sortable floatright" style="text-align:right;" |+ '''ចំនួនទាហានស្លាប់ក្នុងសង្គ្រាម {{Nowrap |(១៩៥៥–១៩៧៥)}}''' |- ! ឆ្នាំ || ស.រ.អ.<ref name="USarchives">{{Cite web |date=30 April 2019 |title=Vietnam War U.S. Military Fatal Casualty Statistics, Electronic Records Reference Report |url=https://www.archives.gov/research/military/vietnam-war/casualty-statistics#category |access-date=29 April 2026 |publisher=U.S. National Archives |at=DCAS Vietnam Conflict Extract File record counts by casualty category (as of April 29, 2008)}} (generated from the Vietnam Conflict Extract Data File of the Defense Casualty Analysis System (DCAS) Extract Files (as of 29 April 2008))</ref>|| វៀតណាមខាងត្បូង |- | ១៩៥៦–១៩៥៩ || ៤ || គ្មានទិន្នន័យ |- | ១៩៦០ || ៥ || ២,២២៣ |- | ១៩៦១ || ១៦ || ៤,០០៤ |- | ១៩៦២ || ៥៣ || ៤,៤៥៧ |- | ១៩៦៣ || ១២២​​ || ៥,៦៦៥ |- | ១៩៦៤ || ២១៦ || ៧,៤៥៧ |- | ១៩៦៥ || ១,៩២៨ || ១១,២៤២ |- | ១៩៦៦ || ៦,៣៥០ || ១១,៩៥៣ |- | ១៩៦៧ || ១១,៣៦៣ || ១២,៧១៦ |- | ១៩៦៨ || ១៦,៨៩៩ || ២៧,៩១៥ |- | ១៩៦៩ || ១១,៧៨០ || ២១,៨៣៣ |- | ១៩៧០ || ៦,១៧៣ || ២៣,៣៤៦ |- | ១៩៧១ || ២,៤១៤ || ២២,៧៣៨ |- | ១៩៧២ || ៧៥៩ || ៣៩,៥៨៧ |- | ១៩៧៣ || ៦៨ || ២៧,៩០១ |- | ១៩៧៤ || ១ || ៣១,២១៩ |- | ១៩៧៥ || ៦២ || គ្មានទិន្នន័យ |- | ក្រោយ ១៩៧៥ || ៧ || គ្មានទិន្នន័យ |- class="sortbottom" ! សរុប || ៥៨,២២០ || >២៥៤,២៥៦<ref name=Clarke/>{{Rp|២៧៥}} |} ចំនួនសហេតុភាព (ស្លាប់ និងរបួស) គឺមានប្រភពច្រើនខុសៗគ្នា ហើយចំនួនប៉ាន់ប្រមាណក៏សុទ្ធតែខុសៗគ្នាដែរ។ នៅក្នុងប្រភពមួយ គេបានបង្ហាញឱ្យឃើញថា មានមនុស្សស្លាប់ដោយហិង្សាសង្គ្រាមនៅវៀតណាមចំនួន ៣.៨ លាននាក់នៅចន្លោះឆ្នាំ១៩៥៥ និងឆ្នាំ២០០២។<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 April 2008 |title=fifty years of violent war deaths: data analysis from the world health survey program: BMJ |url=http://www.bmj.com/content/336/7659/1482 |access-date=29 April 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Lind |first=Michael |year=1999 |title=Vietnam, The Necessary War: A Reinterpretation of America's Most Disastrous Military Conflict |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/l/lind-vietnam.html |access-date=29 April 2026 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307092630/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/l/lind-vietnam.html |archive-date=March 7, 2023 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Friedman |first=Herbert |title=Allies of the Republic of Vietnam |url=http://www.psywarrior.com/AlliesRepublicVietnam.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307112918/http://www.psywarrior.com/AlliesRepublicVietnam.html |archive-date=March 7, 2012 |access-date=29 April 2026}}</ref><ref name="Toledo Blade 320,000 Chinese troops"/> ការសិក្សាអំពីប្រជាសាស្ត្រមួយបានគណនាថា ការស្លាប់ទាក់ទងនឹងសង្គ្រាមមានចំនួន ៧៩១,០០០–១,១៤១,០០០ នាក់សម្រាប់ប្រទេសវៀតណាម ដោយរាប់ទាំងយោធានិងស៊ីវិលទាំងអស់។<ref name=Hirschman/> ប្រជាជនស៊ីវិលវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងចន្លោះពី ១៩៥,០០០ ទៅ ៤៣០,០០០ នាក់បានបាត់បង់ជីវិត។<ref name=Lewy/>{{Rp|៤៥០–៤៥៣}}{{sfn|Thayer|1985|p=}} លោកហ្គេនធើ លូវី (Guenter Lewy) បានប៉ាន់ប្រមាណថា វៀតណាមខាងជើងមានប្រជាជនស៊ីវិលស្លាប់ចំនួន ៦៥,០០០ នាក់។<ref name=Lewy/>{{Rp|៤៥០–៤៥៣}} ចំនួនប្រមាណជនស៊ីវិលស្លាប់ដែលបណ្តាលមកពីការទម្លាក់គ្រាប់បែកដោយអាមេរិកនៅវៀតណាមខាងជើងមានចាប់ពី ៣០,០០០ នាក់<ref name=Tucker/>{{Rp|១៧៦,៦១៧}} ដល់ ១៣២,០០០ នាក់។<ref name=bfvietnam/> អនុគណៈកម្មាធិការព្រឹទ្ធសភាសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកឆ្នាំ១៩៧៥ បានប៉ាន់ប្រមាណថា សហេតុភាពប្រជាជនស៊ីវិលវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងមានចំនួន ១.៤ លាននាក់ ដោយក្នុងនោះមានអ្នកស្លាប់ចំនួន ៤១៥,០០០ នាក់។<ref name="Turse"/>{{Rp|១២}} យោធាវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងបានបាត់បង់កម្លាំងទ័ពប្រមាណ ២៥៤,០០០ នាក់នៅរវាងឆ្នាំ១៩៦០ និងឆ្នាំ១៩៧៤ និងមានទាហានស្លាប់បន្ថែមទៀតពីចន្លោះឆ្នាំ១៩៥៤ និងឆ្នាំ១៩៥៩ ក៏ដូចជាឆ្នាំ១៩៧៥ ផងដែរ។<ref name=Clarke/>{{Rp|២៧៥}} ការប៉ាន់ប្រមាណផ្សេងទៀតបានចុចលើតួលេខខ្ពស់ជាងនេះទៀតដោយមានមនុស្សស្លាប់ និងរបួសចំនួន ៣១៣,០០០ នាក់។<ref name=Gravel/><ref name="Obermeyer"/><ref name="Hirschman"/><ref name="Heuveline"/><ref name="Banister"/><ref name="Sliwinski"/> តួលេខរបស់ក្រសួងការពារជាតិសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកសម្រាប់កងទ័ពប្រជាជនវៀតណាម/វៀតកុងដែលត្រូវបានសម្លាប់ពីឆ្នាំ១៩៦៥ ដល់ឆ្នាំ១៩៧៤ គឺមានចំនួន ៩៥០,៧៦៥ នាក់។ មន្ត្រីជាច្រើនជឿថាចំនួនតួលេខនេះគឺទាបជាងចំនួនពិតប្រមាណ ៣០ ភាគរយ។ ប៉ុន្តែចំពោះលោកលូវីវិញបានអះអាងថា មួយភាគបីនៃ "សត្រូវ" ដែលទាហានអាមេរិកបានសម្លាប់នោះគឺជាប្រជាជនស៊ីវិលស្លូតត្រង់ទៅវិញទេ រីឯតួលេខទាហានសត្រូវស្លាប់វិញនោះគឺនៅក្បែរ ៤៤០,០០០ នាក់។<ref name=Lewy/>{{Rp|៤៥០–៤៥៣}} យោងទៅតាមតួលេខរបស់រដ្ឋាភិបាលវៀតណាម យុទ្ធជនយោធិនវៀតណាមខាងជើង/វៀតកុងដែលបានស្លាប់មានចំនួន ៨៤៩,០១៨ នាក់គិតចាប់ពីឆ្នាំ១៩៥៥ រហូតដល់ឆ្នាំ១៩៧៥។<ref name=Chuyen/><ref name=VNMOD/> តួលេខនេះបានរាប់បញ្ចូលទាំងចំនួនទាហានវៀតណាមស្លាប់នៅក្នុងសមរភូមិនៃសង្គ្រាមស៊ីវិលឡាវនិងកម្ពុជាផងដែរ ដែលមានកងទ័ពប្រជាជនវៀតណាមចូលរួមច្បាំងក្នុងនោះ។<ref name=Chuyen/> យ៉ាងណា តួលេខរបស់រដ្ឋាភិបាលវៀតណាមនោះមិនបានរាប់បញ្ចូលចំនួនទាហានវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងនិងព្រមទាំងសម្ព័ន្ធមិត្តពួកគេដែលបានស្លាប់នោះទេ<ref name=Shenon/> ក៏ដូចជាចំនួនបាត់ខ្លួនប្រមាណរបស់កងទ័ពខ្លួនចន្លោះពី ៣០០,០០០–៥០០,០០០ នាក់ដែរ។ ដោយផ្អែកតាមរដ្ឋាភិបាលវៀតណាមដូចគ្នា​ តួលេខប្រមាណនៃមនុស្សស្លាប់សរុបក្នុងសង្គ្រាមគឺមាន ១.១ លាននាក់ និងមានអ្នកបាត់ខ្លួនប្រមាណ ៣០០,០០០ នាក់ចាប់ពីឆ្នាំ១៩៤៥ រហូតដល់ឆ្នាំ ១៩៧៩ ខណៈពីឆ្នាំ១៩៦០ ដល់ឆ្នាំ១៩៧៥ មានអ្នកស្លាប់ប្រមាណ ៨៤៩,០០០ នាក់ និងបាត់ខ្លួនចំនួន ២៣២,០០០ នាក់។<ref name="Moyar, Mark"/> កម្ពុជាមានមនុស្សស្លាប់ចន្លោះពី ២៧៥,០០០<ref name=Banister/> ទៅ ៣១០,០០០ នាក់<ref name=Sliwinski/> ដោយក្នុងនោះមានយុទ្ធជននិងជនស៊ីវិលប្រមាណ ៥០,០០០ ទៅ ១៥០,០០០ នាក់បានបាត់បង់ជីវិតដោយការទម្លាក់គ្រាប់បែករបស់អាមេរិក។<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kiernan |first=Ben |url=https://archive.org/details/howpolpotcametop00kier_0 |title=How Pol Pot Came to Power: Colonialism, Nationalism, and Communism in Cambodia, 1930–1975 |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-300-10262-8 |page=xxiii |url-access=registration}}</ref> ឡាវវិញមានមនុស្សស្លាប់ប្រមាណ ២០,០០០–៦២,០០០ នាក់<ref name=Obermeyer/> និងបុគ្គលិកយោធាអាមេរិកចំនួន ៥៨,២៨១ នាក់ត្រូវបាត់បង់ជីវិត<ref name=2new/> ដោយ ១,៥៨៤ នាក់នៅបាត់ខ្លួនមិនទាន់រកឃើញនៅឡើយ បើគិតត្រឹមឆ្នាំ២០២១។<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 March 2021 |title=Vietnam-era unaccounted for statistical report |url=https://www.dpaa.mil/Portals/85/Statistics%20as%20of%20March%201.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407114839/https://www.dpaa.mil/Portals/85/Statistics%20as%20of%20March%201.pdf|archive-date=April 7, 2023}}</ref> ==ក្រោយសង្គ្រាម== ===អាស៊ីអាគ្នេយ៍=== ====វៀតណាម==== [[File:B52 CRASH WRECKAGE AT HUU TIEP LAKE HA NOI FEB 2012 (6887035292).jpg|thumb|upright=.7|បំណែកយន្តហោះប្រភេទ ប៊ី-៥២​ នៅបឹងហ៊ូទៀប ទីក្រុងហាណូយ។ វាត្រូវបានបាញ់ទម្លាក់កំឡុង[[ប្រតិបត្តិការឡាញប៊ែខឺរ ២]]។ បំណែកនេះបច្ចុប្បន្នត្រូវជាផ្នែកមួយនៃ[[សារមន្ទីរជ័យជម្នះប៊ី-៥២|សារមន្ទីរសង្គ្រាមវៀតណាម]]។]] នៅក្នុងខែកក្កដា ឆ្នាំ១៩៧៦ វៀតណាមខាងជើងនិងត្បូងត្រូវបានបង្រូបបង្រួមគ្នាបង្កើតជាសាធារណរដ្ឋសង្គមនិយមវៀតណាម។<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robbers |first=Gerhard |title=Encyclopedia of world constitutions |publisher=[[Infobase Publishing]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-8160-6078-8 |page=1021}}</ref> ក្រោយវៀតណាមខាងជើងបានទទួលជ័យជម្នះ មន្ទិលសង្ស័យជាច្រើនបានលេចឡើងរួមទាំងដោយប្រធានាធិបតីអាមេរិកលោកនិចសុនផងដែរ ដោយលោកបានពោលពាក្យថា "ជីវិតប្រជាជនស៊ីវិល [វៀតណាមខាងត្បូង] រាប់លាននាក់នឹងត្រូវបាត់បង់" ប៉ុន្តែតាមពិត ការប្រល័យជីវិតដោយរង្គាលខ្នាតធំមិនដែលកើតឡើងនៅវៀតណាមឡើយ។<ref>{{Cite book |last=Elliot |first=Duong Van Mai |title=RAND in Southeast Asia: A History of the Vietnam War Era |publisher=RAND Corporation |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8330-4754-0 |pages=499, 512–513 |chapter=The End of the War |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g9o8fAo2R6wC&pg=PA499}}</ref>{{refn|group=ស|ការសិក្សាមួយដោយ Jacqueline Desbarats និង Karl D. Jackson បានប៉ាន់ប្រមាណថា ប្រជាជនវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងចំនួន ៦៥,០០០ នាក់ត្រូវបានប្រហារជីវិតក្រោមហេតុផលនយោបាយនៅរវាងឆ្នាំ១៩៧៥ និងឆ្នាំ១៩៨៣ ដោយផ្អែកទៅលើការស្ទង់មតិលើជនភៀសសឹកវៀតណាមចំនួន ៦១៥ នាក់ដែលគេបានអះអាងថាបានឃើញផ្ទាល់នូវការប្រហារជីវិតចំនួន ៤៧ ករណី។ តែយ៉ាងណា "វិធីសាស្រ្តស្រាវជ្រាវរបស់អ្នកទាំងពីរត្រូវបានពិនិត្យ និងរិះគន់ថាមិនត្រឹមត្រូវដោយកវីពីររូបឈ្មោះ Gareth Porter និង James Roberts"។ ក្នុងចំណោមករណីទាំង ៤៧ ដែលប្រើដើម្បីបញ្ជាក់ពី "ការសម្លាប់រង្គាលបង្ហូរឈាម" នោះ មានករណីចំនួនដប់ប្រាំមួយមាន "ការចម្លងគ្នា"។ អត្រាចម្លងខ្ពស់ខ្លាំងនេះ (៣៤%) បានបង្ហាញយ៉ាងច្បាស់ថា Desbarats និង Jackson កំពុងទាញទិន្នន័យតែពីការប្រហារជីវិតមួយចំនួនតូចប៉ុណ្ណោះ ពោលប្រភពពួកគេគឺស្ថិតតែក្នុងរង្វង់តូច ដោយមិនបែកមែកបានឆ្ងាយឡើយ។<ref>{{Cite book |last=Elliot |first=Duong Van Mai |title=RAND in Southeast Asia: A History of the Vietnam War Era |publisher=RAND Corporation |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8330-4754-0 |pages=512–513 |chapter=The End of the War |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g9o8fAo2R6wC&pg=PA512 }}<br />cf. {{Cite journal |last1=Porter |first1=Gareth |last2=Roberts |first2=James |date=Summer 1988 |title=Creating a Bloodbath by Statistical Manipulation: A Review of ''A Methodology for Estimating Political Executions in Vietnam, 1975–1983'', Jacqueline Desbarats; Karl D. Jackson. |journal=Pacific Affairs |volume=61 |issue=2 |pages=303–310 |doi=10.2307/2759306 |jstor=2759306}}</ref> យ៉ាងណាក្ដី ករណីសម្លាប់រង្គាលដែលមិនទាន់បានបញ្ជាក់ច្បាស់លាស់នៅតែមានដដែរ។<ref>''មើល'' Nguyen Cong Hoan' testimony in {{Cite report |url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/002939991 |title=Human Rights in Vietnam: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on International Organizations of the Committee on International Relations: House of Representatives, Ninety-Fifth Congress, First Session |date=26 July 1977 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |pages=149, 153 |access-date=30 April 2026 |archive-date=17 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117043107/https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/002939991 |url-status=live }};<br />''មើលផងដែរ'' {{Cite journal |last1=Desbarats |first1=Jacqueline |last2=Jackson |first2=Karl D. |date=September 1985 |title=Vietnam 1975–1982: The Cruel Peace |journal=The Washington Quarterly |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=169–182 |doi=10.1080/01636608509477343 |pmid=11618274}}</ref>}} ទោះជាមិនមានភស្តុតាងបញ្ជាក់អំពីការសម្លាប់រង្គាលក៏ដោយ ប្រជាជនវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងជាច្រើននាក់ត្រូវបានគេបញ្ជូនទៅជំរុំអប់រំ ជាទីកន្លែងដែលពួកគេត្រូវស៊ូទ្រាំនឹងការធ្វើទារុណកម្ម ការអត់ឃ្លាន និងរោគជំងឺផ្សេងៗ ខណៈត្រូវបានគេបង្ខំឱ្យធ្វើការងារពលកម្មធ្ងន់ៗ។<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Sagan |first1=Ginetta |last2=Denney |first2=Stephen |date=October–November 1982 |title=Re-education in Unliberated Vietnam: Loneliness, Suffering and Death |url=https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~sdenney/Vietnam-Reeducation-Camps-1982 |access-date=30 April 2026 |website=The Indochina Newsletter |archive-date=28 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428231519/https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~sdenney/Vietnam-Reeducation-Camps-1982 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Nghia |first=M. Vo |title=The Bamboo Gulag: Political Imprisonment in Communist Vietnam |publisher=McFarland |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-7864-1714-8}}</ref> ចំនួន​អ្នកទាំងនោះអាចប្រែប្រួល​អាស្រ័យទៅ​លើ​ប្រភពសង្កេតការណ៍​ខុសៗគ្នាដូចជា៖ "... "៥០,០០០ ទៅ ៨០,០០០ នាក់" (Le Monde, ១៩៧៨), "១៥០,០០០ ទៅ ២០០,០០០ នាក់" (The Washington Post, ១៩៧៨) និង "៣០០,០០០ នាក់" (Agence France Presse ពីទីក្រុងហាណូយ, ១៩៧៨)"។<ref>{{Cite web |year=1979 |title=Amnesty International Report, 1979 |url=https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011979ENGLISH.PDF |access-date=30 April 2026 |publisher=Amnesty International |page=116|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323142937/https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/pol10/001/1979/en/|archive-date=March 23, 2023}}</ref> តួលេខខុសៗគ្នាបែបនេះគឺព្រោះតែ "ចំនួនប្រមាណខ្លះមិនត្រឹមតែរាប់បញ្ចូលអ្នកជាប់ឃុំឃាំងប៉ុណ្ណោះទេ ប៉ុន្តែថែមទាំងរាប់អ្នកដែលត្រូវបានបញ្ជូនចេញពីទីក្រុងទៅធ្វើការនៅទីជនបទផងដែរ"។ យោងតាមអ្នកសង្កេតការណ៍ក្នុងស្រុកម្នាក់ ឈ្មោះមនុស្សចំនួន ៤៤៣,៣៦០ នាក់ត្រូវចុះចូលនៅក្នុងជំរុំអប់រំនៅទីក្រុងសៃហ្គន ដោយមួយចំនួនត្រូវបានដោះលែងវិញបន្ទាប់ពីស្នាក់នៅតែពីរបីថ្ងៃ តែអ្នកខ្លះវិញត្រូវស៊ូទ្រាំជាប់ឃាំងអស់រយៈពេលជាងមួយទសវត្សរ៍។<ref>''Huy, Đức. Bên Thắng Cuộc. OsinBook.''</ref> នៅចន្លោះឆ្នាំ១៩៧៥ និងឆ្នាំ១៩៨០ ប្រជាជនខាងជើងជាង ១ លាននាក់បានផ្លាស់ទីធ្វើចំណាកស្រុកមកវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង ហើយក្រោម[[កម្មវិធីតំបន់សេដ្ឋកិច្ចថ្មី]] ប្រជាជនខាងត្បូងប្រមាណ ៧៥០,០០០ ទៅជាង ១ លាននាក់ត្រូវបានផ្លាស់ទីដោយបង្ខំទៅរស់នៅក្នុងតំបន់ព្រៃភ្នំ។<ref name="Desbarats">{{Cite book |last=Desbarats |first=Jacqueline |title=Repression in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam: Executions and Population Relocation |series=Indochina report; no. 11 |publisher=Executive Publications |location=Singapore |date=1987}}</ref><ref name="Chapman">{{Cite news |last=Chapman |first=William |date=17 August 1979 |title=Hanoi Rebuts Refugees on 'Economic Zones' |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1979/08/17/hanoi-rebuts-refugees-on-economic-zones/a26c10ab-3791-4d76-9c4a-db4f7d48be32/ |access-date=30 April 2026 }}</ref> សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកបានប្រើប្រាស់សិទ្ធិវេតូរបស់ខ្លួនចំនួនបីដងដើម្បីបិទបង្ខាំងនូវដំណើរការទទួលស្គាល់ប្រទេសវៀតណាមនៅឯក្រុមប្រឹក្សាសន្តិសុខអង្គការសហប្រជាជាតិ ដោយជាហេតុបង្កឱ្យប្រទេសដទៃពិបាកបញ្ជូនជំនួយមកវៀតណាម។ ====កម្ពុជា និងឡាវ==== មកដល់ឆ្នាំ១៩៧៥ វៀតណាមខាងជើងបានបាត់បង់ឥទ្ធិពលទាំងប៉ុន្មានដែលខ្លួនធ្លាប់មានលើខ្មែរក្រហម។{{sfn|Hastings|2018|p=708}} រដ្ឋធានី[[ភ្នំពេញ]]នាពេលនោះក៏ត្រូវបាន[[ការដួលរលំនៃទីក្រុងភ្នំពេញ|ធ្លាក់ក្រោមការកាន់កាប់]]របស់ខ្មែរក្រហម ហើយនៅក្រោមរបប[[ប៉ុល ពត]] ពួកខ្មែរក្រហមបាន[[អំពើប្រល័យពូជសាសន៍កម្ពុជា|សម្លាប់ប្រជាជនកម្ពុជាប្រមាណ ១–៣ លាននាក់]]ក្នុងចំណោមប្រជាជនសរុប ៨ លាននាក់។<ref name=Heuveline/>{{Rp|}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharp |first=Bruce |date=1 April 2005 |title=Counting Hell: The Death Toll of the Khmer Rouge Regime in Cambodia |url=http://www.mekong.net/cambodia/deaths.htm |access-date=15 July 2016 |quote=The range based on the figures above extends from a minimum of 1.747 million, to a maximum of 2.495 million. |archive-date=15 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115041409/http://www.mekong.net/cambodia/deaths.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[[អង្គការមជ្ឈមណ្ឌលឯកសារកម្ពុជា]]រកឃើញរណ្ដៅសពធំៗតាមផែនទីប្រមាណ ២៣,៧៤៥ កន្លែងដែលមានជនរងគ្រោះសង្ស័យប្រមាណ ១.៣ លាននាក់។ ៦០% នៃចំនួនអ្នកស្លាប់សរុបទាំងនោះត្រូវបានគេជឿថាបណ្ដាលមកពីការប្រហារជីវិត។ សូមមើល៖ {{Cite book |last1=Seybolt |first1=Taylor B. |title=Counting Civilian Casualties: An Introduction to Recording and Estimating Nonmilitary Deaths in Conflict |last2=Aronson |first2=Jay D. |last3=Fischoff |first3=Baruch |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-19-997731-4 |page=238}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kiernan |first=Ben |author-link=Ben Kiernan |date=December 2003 |title=The Demography of Genocide in Southeast Asia: The Death Tolls in Cambodia, 1975–79, and East Timor, 1975–80 |journal=Critical Asian Studies |volume=35 |issue=4 |pages=585–597 |doi=10.1080/1467271032000147041 }}</ref> ទំនាក់ទំនងរវាងវៀតណាម និង[[កម្ពុជាប្រជាធិបតេយ្យ]]បានកាន់តែរសាត់យ៉ាប់យ៉ឺនឡើងៗ។ ដើម្បីឆ្លើយតបទៅនឹងការត្រួតត្រា[[កោះត្រល់]]និង[[ប្រជុំកោះក្រចកសេះ|កោះថូចៅ]]ដោយខ្មែរក្រហម ហើយនឹងជំនឿថាខ្មែរក្រហមបានចាប់សម្លាប់ជនជាតិវៀតណាមប្រមាណ ៥០០ នាក់ពីកោះថូចៅ ប្រទេសវៀតណាមក៏បានបើកយុទ្ធនាការវាយដណ្តើមកោះទាំងនោះមកវិញ។<ref>{{Cite book |last=Farrell |first=Epsey Cooke |title=The Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the law of the sea: an analysis of Vietnamese behavior within the emerging international oceans regime |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers |year=1998 |isbn=90-411-0473-9}}</ref> ដោយការចរចាមិនត្រូវរូវគ្នា ដូច្នេះវៀតណាមក៏បានបើកការឈ្លានពានចូលប្រទេសកម្ពុជានៅចុងឆ្នាំ១៩៧៨ ហើយបានផ្តួលរបបខ្មែរក្រហមនៅក្នុង[[សង្គ្រាមកម្ពុជា-វៀតណាម]]។ ជាប្រតិកម្មនឹងសកម្មភាពវៀតណាម ប្រទេសចិនបានវាយចូលប្រទេសវៀតណាមនៅឆ្នាំ១៩៧៩ បង្កើតជា[[សង្គ្រាមចិន-វៀតណាម]]។ នៅរវាងឆ្នាំ១៩៧៨ ដល់ឆ្នាំ១៩៧៩ ជនជាតិចិនប្រមាណ ៤៥០,០០០ នាក់បានរត់ចេញពីប្រទេសវៀតណាមតាមទូកជាជនភៀសសឹក ឬត្រូវបាននិរទេសចេញដោយរដ្ឋ។ ពួក[[ប៉ៈថេតឡាវ]]បានផ្តួលរំលំ[[ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រឡាវ|របបរាជានិយមឡាវ]]នៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៧៥ ដោយបង្កើត[[ឡាវ|សាធារណរដ្ឋប្រជាធិបតេយ្យប្រជាមានិតឡាវ]]ជំនួស។ ការប្តូររបបនៅឡាវត្រូវបានប្រវត្តិវិទូកត់សម្គាល់ថាបានប្រព្រឹត្តិទៅដោយ "សន្តិវិធី ប្រៀបបានដូច '[[បដិវត្តន៍កម្ញី]]' នៃទ្វីបអាស៊ី" - បើទោះបីជាមានអតីតមន្ត្រីចំនួន ៣០,០០០ នាក់ត្រូវបានរដ្ឋាភិបាលកុម្មុយនីស្តចាប់បញ្ជូនទៅជំរុំអប់រំក្ដី។<ref name=Courtois/>{{Rp|៥៧៥–៥៧៦}} ====យុទ្ធភណ្ឌមិនទាន់ផ្ទុះ==== សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកបានទម្លាក់គ្រាប់បែកជាង ៧ លានតោនមកលើបណ្ដាប្រទេសនៃឥណ្ឌូចិនក្នុងកំឡុងសង្គ្រាមនេះ ដែលជាចំនួនច្រើនជាងដល់ទៅបីដងប្រៀបនឹងចំនួន ២.១ លានតោនដែលខ្លួនបានទម្លាក់នៅទ្វីបអឺរ៉ុប និងអាស៊ីកាលពី[[សង្គ្រាមលោកលើកទី២]] និងច្រើនជាងដប់ដងនៃចំនួនដែលបានទម្លាក់ក្នុង[[សង្គ្រាមកូរ៉េ]]។ គ្រាប់បែកប្រមាណ ៥០០,០០០ តោនត្រូវបានទម្លាក់លើប្រទេសកម្ពុជា, ១ លានតោននៅវៀតណាមខាងជើង និង ៤ លានតោននៅវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង។ បើប្រៀបចំនួនគ្រាប់ទៅនឹងមនុស្សម្នាក់ៗវិញនោះ ឡាវគឺជាប្រទេសដែលត្រូវរងគ្រាប់ទម្លាក់យ៉ាងធ្ងន់ធ្ងរបំផុតនៅក្នុងប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ ពោលគឺសរុប ២ លោនតោន ដែល "មួយតោនៗស្ទើរស្មើនឹងមនុស្សម្នាក់ៗ" ទៅហើយ។<ref name=KiernanTaylor/> ដោយសារតែត្រូវរងផលប៉ះពាល់ធ្ងន់ធ្ងរពីសំណល់គ្រាប់បែកចង្កោម ដូច្នេះឡាវបានក្លាយជាប្រទេសដែលបោះសំឡេងសកម្មបំផុតចំពោះ[[អនុសញ្ញាស្តីពីគ្រាប់បែកចង្កោម]] ដើម្បីហាមប្រាមបញ្ឈប់ការប្រើប្រាស់គ្រាប់អាវុធប្រភេទមួយនេះ ហើយបានធ្វើជាម្ចាស់ផ្ទះនៃកិច្ចប្រជុំអនុសញ្ញានេះជាលើកដំបូងនៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ២០១០។<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 2011 |title=Disarmament |url=http://www.unog.ch/80256EE600585943/(httpPages)/B3F3E37A2838630FC125772E0050F4F7?OpenDocument |access-date=4 May 2026 |website=The United Nations Office at Geneva |publisher=United Nations |archive-date=21 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060643/http://www.unog.ch/80256EE600585943/(httpPages)/B3F3E37A2838630FC125772E0050F4F7?OpenDocument |url-status=live }}</ref> យុទ្ធភណ្ឌមិនទាន់ផ្ទុះ ដែលកើតមកពីការទម្លាក់គ្រាប់បែកដោយសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកនោះ នៅតែបន្តសម្លាប់មនុស្សរហូតមកដល់បច្ចុប្បន្ន ហើយបានប្រែក្លាយដីធ្លីជាច្រើនឱ្យទៅជាតំបន់គ្រោះថ្នាក់ និងមិនអាចដាំដុះដំណាំបាន។ គ្រាប់យុទ្ធភណ្ឌបានសម្លាប់មនុស្សប្រមាណ ៤២,០០០ នាក់ចាប់តាំងពីសង្គ្រាមនេះមក។<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 December 2012 |title=Vietnam War Bomb Explodes Killing Four Children |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/12/03/vietname-war-bomb-explodes_n_2229727.html |website=The Huffington Post |access-date=4 May 2026 |archive-date=19 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219040016/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/12/03/vietname-war-bomb-explodes_n_2229727.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/latest-news/vietnam-war-shell-explodes-kills-two-fishermen/story-fn3dxix6-1226046291270|title=Vietnam war shell explodes, kills two fishermen}}</ref> នៅឯប្រទេសឡាវ គ្រាប់បែកមិនទាន់ផ្ទុះចំនួន ៨០ លានគ្រាប់គឺនៅមិនទាន់ដោះ ឬរកឃើញនៅឡើយ។ យុទ្ធភណ្ឌមិនទាន់ផ្ទុះបានសម្លាប់ ឬធ្វើឱ្យរបួសដល់ប្រជាជនឡាវជាង ២០,០០០ នាក់ និងមនុស្សប្រហែល ៥០ នាក់បានស្លាប់ ឬរងរបួសជារៀងរាល់ឆ្នាំ។<ref name="Wright">{{Cite news |last=Wright |first=Rebecca |date=6 September 2016 |title='My friends were afraid of me': What 80 million unexploded US bombs did to Laos |work=CNN |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/09/05/asia/united-states-laos-secret-war/ |access-date=4 May 2026 |archive-date=17 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190117203916/https://www.cnn.com/2016/09/05/asia/united-states-laos-secret-war/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lao PDR - Casualties and Victim Assistance |url=http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2016/lao-pdr/casualties-and-victim-assistance.aspx |access-date=4 May 2026 |website=Landmine and Clustering Munition Monitor |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407114839/http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2016/lao-pdr/casualties-and-victim-assistance.aspx |url-status=dead |archivedate=7 មេសា 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407114839/http://www.the-monitor.org/en-gb/reports/2016/lao-pdr/casualties-and-victim-assistance.aspx }}</ref> គេប៉ាន់ប្រមាណថា វាអាចនឹងត្រូវការចំណាយពេលជាច្រើនសតវត្សរ៍ដើម្បីអាចបោសសម្អាតគ្រាប់យុទ្ធភណ្ឌទាំងអស់នោះឱ្យអស់ទាំងស្រុងបាន។{{sfn|Nguyen|2012|page=317}} ====វិបត្តិជនភៀសសឹក==== {{Main|វិបត្តិជនភៀសសឹកឥណ្ឌូចិន}} មនុស្សប្រមាណជាង ៣ លាននាក់បានរត់ចេញពីប្រទេសវៀតណាម ឡាវ និងកម្ពុជា បង្កើតជា[[វិបត្តិជនភៀសសឹកឥណ្ឌូចិន]]ក្រោយពីឆ្នាំ១៩៧៥។ បណ្ដាប្រទេសអាស៊ីភាគច្រើនមិនព្រមទទួលយកពួកគេនោះឡើយ ហើយជនភៀសសឹកភាគច្រើនដែរគឺរត់ចេញដំណើរតាមទូក។<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Stephen Castles |last2=Mark J. Miller |date=10 July 2009 |title=Migration in the Asia-Pacific Region |url=http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/migration-asia-pacific-region |publisher=Migration Policy Institute |access-date=4 May 2026 |archive-date=14 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614072213/https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/migration-asia-pacific-region |url-status=live }}</ref> នៅចន្លោះពីឆ្នាំ១៩៧៥ ដល់ឆ្នាំ១៩៩៨ ជនភៀសសឹកប្រមាណ ១.២ លាននាក់មកពីប្រទេសវៀតណាម និងបណ្ដាប្រទេសអាស៊ីអាគ្នេយ៍ដទៃទៀតបានបម្លាស់ទីមករស់នៅនៅសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក ខណៈដែលប្រទេសកាណាដា អូស្ត្រាលី និងបារាំងបានទទួលជនភៀសសឹកទាំងនោះជាង ៥០០,០០០ នាក់ ខណៈប្រទេសចិនបានទទួលយក ២៥០,០០០ នាក់។<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=William |title=Terms of refuge: the Indochinese exodus & the international response |publisher=Zed Books |year=1998 |isbn=978-1-85649-610-0 |page=127}}</ref> ប្រទេសឡាវបានប្រឈមនឹងសមាមាត្រអ្នករត់ចេញច្រើនជាងគេ ដោយប្រជាជនឡាវ ៣០០,០០០ នាក់ក្នុងចំណោមប្រជាជនខ្លួនសរុប ៣ លាននាក់បានរត់ឆ្លងព្រំដែនចូលទៅក្នុងប្រទេសថៃ។ នៅក្នុងចំណោមពួកគេទាំងនោះ "ប្រមាណ ៩០%" ជា "បញ្ញវន្ត អ្នកបច្ចេកទេស និងមន្ត្រីឡាវ"។<ref name=Courtois/>{{Rp|៥៧៥}} យោងទៅតាមកវីនិពន្ធលោក Nghia M. Vo និង[[ឧត្តមស្នងការអង្គការសហប្រជាជាតិទទួលបន្ទុកជនភៀសខ្លួន]]បានឱ្យដឹងថា អ្នករត់ភៀសខ្លួនតាមទូកចន្លោះពី ២០០,០០០ ទៅ ២៥០,០០០ នាក់បាត់បង់ជីវិតនៅឯនាយសមុទ្រ។<ref name="Vo167">{{cite book|last=Vo|first=Nghia M.|title=The Vietnamese Boat People, 1954 and 1975-1992|publisher=McFarland & Company|year=2015|page=167|isbn=978-0786482498}}</ref><ref name=Henningfeld>{{cite web |last=Henningfeld |first=Diane A. |title=Indo-Chinese Boat People Begin Fleeing Vietnam |url=https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/history/indo-chinese-boat-people-begin-fleeing-vietnam |website=ebsco.com |year=2023}}</ref> ===សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក=== {{Main|សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកក្នុងសង្គ្រាមវៀតណាម}} បរាជ័យក្នុងការសម្រេចគោលដៅរបស់សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកត្រូវបានគេវាយតម្លៃខុសៗគ្នាអាស្រ័យទៅតាមស្ថាប័ន និងកម្រិតនីមួយៗ។ មនុស្សមួយចំនួនបានលើកឡើងថាអាមេរិកបានបរាជ័យដោយសារតែអសមត្ថភាពនៃថ្នាក់ដឹកនាំ<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lippman |first=Thomas W. |date=9 April 1995 |title=McNamara Writes Vietnam Mea Culpa |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1995/04/09/mcnamara-writes-vietnam-mea-culpa/a85cc058-54fe-4074-bda3-b374885ede8f/ |access-date=6 May 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228230351/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1995/04/09/mcnamara-writes-vietnam-mea-culpa/a85cc058-54fe-4074-bda3-b374885ede8f/ |archive-date=28 December 2019 }}</ref> ឯអ្នកខ្លះទៀតបានចង្អុលទៅគោលលទ្ធិយោធារបស់ខ្លួន។ រដ្ឋមន្ត្រីក្រសួងការពារជាតិអាមេរិក លោក[[រ៉ូបឺត​ មាំខណឺមែរ៉ា]]បានថ្លែងថា "គំនិតដែលថាអាមេរិកបានទទួលជ័យជម្នះយោធា...គឺជាមាយាការដ៏គ្រោះថ្នាក់មួយ"។<ref name=McNamara/>{{Rp|៣៦៨}} ភាពបរាជ័យក្នុងយុទ្ធសាស្ត្រទម្លាក់គ្រាប់បែកដើម្បីចាប់បង្ខំទីក្រុងហាណូយឱ្យចូលតុចរចាបានបង្ហាញពីកំហុសខុសឆ្គងក្នុងការគណនាដ៏ធ្ងន់ធ្ងរមួយទៀតរបស់សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក ក៏ដូចជាការមិនបានសម្រេចគោលដៅនយោបាយពេញលេញតាមការប្រើប្រាស់កម្លាំងយោធា។{{sfn|Karnow|1997|p=17}} បរាជ័យរបស់អាមេរិកក្នុងសង្គ្រាមវៀតណាមបានក្លាយជាមេរៀនដ៏មានតម្លៃពីអន្តរាគមន៍យោធានៅក្រៅប្រទេស។ ប្រធានាធិបតី[[រ៉ូណាល់ រីហ្កេន]]បានបង្កើតពាក្យ "[[សមាការវៀតណាម]]" ឡើងដើម្បីសម្ដៅទៅលើភាពស្ទាក់ស្ទើររបស់សាធារណជន និងអ្នកនយោបាយអាមេរិកក្នុងការគាំទ្រអន្តរាគមន៍យោធានៅបរទេសក្រោយបទពិសោធន៍ក្នុងសង្គ្រាមនេះ។ ការស្ទង់មតិនៅសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៧៨ បានបង្ហាញថា ជិត ៧២% នៃប្រជាជនអាមេរិកបានជឿថា សង្គ្រាមនេះគឺ "ខុស ហើយអសីលធម៌ជាមូលដ្ឋាន"។<ref name="Hagopian">{{Cite book |last=Hagopain |first=Patrick |title=The Vietnam War in American Memory |publisher=University of Massachusetts Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-55849-693-4 |pages=13–4}}</ref>{Rp|១០}} ប៉ុន្តែបើក្រឡេកទៅអតីតកាលវិញដូចជានៅក្នុងខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ១៩៦៥ ប្រជនជនអាមេរិកដែលគេស្រង់មតិប្រមាណ ៦០% ជឿថា ការបញ្ជូនទ័ពមកវៀតណាមគឺជារឿងត្រឹមត្រូវ ហើយមានតែ ២៤% ប៉ុណ្ណោះដែលគិតថាវាជារឿងខុសឆ្គង។ មតិដែលគិតថាវាជារឿងខុសឆ្គងគឺបន្តស្ថិតនៅក្នុងចំនួនទាបខ្លាំងរហូតដល់ខែតុលា ឆ្នាំ១៩៦៧ ហើយបន្តស្ថិតក្នុងចំនួនភាគតិចរហូតដល់ខែសីហា ឆ្នាំ១៩៦៨ ពោលកំឡុងដំណាក់កាលទីបីនៃប្រតិបត្តិការតេត។ ​ទីបំផុត ចំនួនមតិដែលជឿថាវាជាកំហុសខុសឆ្គងបានក្លាយជាចំនួនភាគច្រើនបន្ទាប់ពីអាមេរិកបានចុះហត្ថលេខាលើកិច្ចព្រមព្រៀងសន្តិភាពក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៧៣ ពោលគឺ ៦០% ហើយការស្ទង់មតិរវាងឆ្នាំ១៩៩០ និងឆ្នាំ២០០០ បានរកឃើញថា ៧០% នៃប្រជាជនអាមេរិកបានជឿថាវាជាកំហុសមួយ។<ref>{{cite web|last1=Newport|first1=Frank|last2=Carroll|first2=Joseph|date=August 24, 2005|title=Iraq Versus Vietnam: A Comparison of Public Opinion|publisher=Gallup, Inc.|url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/18097/iraq-versus-vietnam-comparison-public-opinion.aspx|access-date=May 6, 2026|archive-date=9 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509004839/https://news.gallup.com/poll/18097/Iraq-Versus-Vietnam-Comparison-Public-Opinion.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> ====ការចំណាយផ្នែកហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ==== {| class="wikitable floatright" style="width: 35%;" |+ការចំណាយរបស់សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកនៅវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង (១៩៥៣–៧៤)<br />គិតតែការចំណាយផ្ទាល់ប៉ុណ្ណោះ<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dacy |first=Douglas |url=https://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/108054.pdf |title=Foreign aid, war, and economic development: South Vietnam 1955–1975 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1986 |isbn=978-0-521-30327-9 |page=242}}</ref> |- ! ថ្លៃចំណាយយោធា || ថ្លៃជំនួយយោធា || ​ថ្លៃជំនួយសេដ្ឋកិច្ច || សរុប || សរុប (តម្លៃគិតត្រឹមឆ្នាំ២០១៥) |- | ១១១&nbsp;ពាន់លានដុល្លារ || ១៦&nbsp;ពាន់លាន || ៧&nbsp;ពាន់លាន || ១៣៥&nbsp;ពាន់លាន || ១&nbsp;ទ្រីលាន |} នៅចន្លោះពីឆ្នាំ១៩៥៣ និងឆ្នាំ១៩៧៥ សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកត្រូវបានគេប៉ាន់ប្រមាណថាបានចំណាយទឹកប្រាក់សរុប ១៦៨ ពាន់លានដុល្លារទៅលើសង្គ្រាមវៀតណាម (ស្មើនឹង ១.៧ ទ្រីលានដុល្លារនៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ២០២៥)។<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 January 2014 |title=How Much Did The Vietnam War Cost? |work=The Vietnam War |url=https://thevietnamwar.info/how-much-vietnam-war-cost/ |access-date=6 May 2026}}</ref> ការចំណាយនេះបានបង្កឱ្យកើតមានឱនភាពថវិកាយ៉ាងច្រើនសន្ធឹកសន្ធាប់។ តួលេខផ្សេងទៀតបានចង្អុលបង្ហាញថា អាមេរិកបានចំណាយថវិកា ១៣៩ ពាន់លានដុល្លារចាប់ពីឆ្នាំ១៩៦៥ ដល់ឆ្នាំ១៩៧៤ (ដោយមិនកែតម្រូវតម្លៃអតិផរណា) ដោយជាចំនួនច្រើនជាង ១០ ដងនៃការចំណាយលើវិស័យអប់រំ និងច្រើនជាង ៥០ ដងនៃការអភិវឌ្ឍលំនៅដ្ឋាននិងសហគមន៍។<ref name="CQ">{{Cite web |title=CQ Almanac Online Edition |url=https://library.cqpress.com/cqalmanac/document.php?id=cqal75-1213988#H2_1 |access-date=6 May 2026 |website=library.cqpress.com}}</ref> ប្រភពមួយបានអះអាងថា ថវិកាចំណាយលើសង្គ្រាមវៀតណាមអាចយកមកបង់ផ្ដាច់ថ្លៃនិក្ខេបទាំងអស់នៅសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក ហើយអាចនឹងនៅសល់ប្រាក់ទុកបន្ថែមទៀត។<ref name=CQ/> គិតត្រឹមឆ្នាំ២០១៣ រដ្ឋាភិបាលសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកបានត្រូវចំណាយថវិកាជាង ២២ ពាន់លានដុល្លារជារៀងរាល់ឆ្នាំដល់អតីតយុទ្ធជនវៀតណាមនិងក្រុមគ្រួសាររបស់ពួកគេដើម្បីបង់ថ្លៃសំណងទាមទារទាក់ទិននឹងសង្គ្រាម។<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 March 2013 |title=US still making payments to relatives of Civil War veterans, analysis finds |work=Fox News |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/us-still-making-payments-to-relatives-of-civil-war-veterans-analysis-finds}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Jim Lobe |date=30 March 2013 |title=Iraq, Afghanistan Wars Will Cost U.S. 4–6 Trillion Dollars: Report |agency=Inter Press Service |url=http://www.ipsnews.net/2013/03/iraq-afghanistan-wars-will-cost-u-s-4-6-trillion-dollars-report/}}</ref> ====ឥទ្ធិពលលើយោធាអាមេរិក==== [[File:OperationHueCity1967wounded.jpg|thumb|ទាហានម៉ារីនអាមេរិកកំពុងព្យាបាលរបួសកំឡុងប្រតិបត្តិការយោធាក្នុងទីក្រុងហ្វេ ឆ្នាំ១៩៦៨]] ប្រជាជនអាមេរិកជាង ៣ លាននាក់បានចូលបម្រើការនៅក្នុងជួរយោធា ហើយក្នុងនោះមាន ១.៥ លាននាក់បានចូលដៃប្រយុទ្ធលើសមរភូមិ។<ref>{{Cite web |title=Echoes of Combat: The Vietnam War in American Memory |url=http://www.stanford.edu/group/fredturner/cgi-bin/drupal/?q=node/7 |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=8 May 2026 |archive-date=8 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508201447/http://www.stanford.edu/group/fredturner/cgi-bin/drupal/?q=node%2F7 |url-status=dead |archivedate=8 ឧសភា 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508201447/http://www.stanford.edu/group/fredturner/cgi-bin/drupal/?q=node%2F7 }}</ref> ជាឧទាហរណ៍ "នៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៦៨ ជាពេលដែលអាមេរិកកំពុងសកម្មច្រើននៅក្នុងសង្គ្រាម មានបុគ្គលិកយោធាអាមេរិកចំនួន ៥៤៣,៤០០ នាក់បានឈរជើងនៅប្រទេសវៀតណាម ប៉ុន្តែមានតែប្រមាណ ៨០,០០០ នាក់ប៉ុណ្ណោះនៅក្នុងនោះដែលជា...យុទ្ធជនកាន់អាវុធ"។{{Sfn|Westheider|2007|p=78}} កំណែនទ័ពនៅអាមេរិកវិញគឺមានតាំងពីសង្គ្រាមលោកលើកទី២ មកម៉្លេះ ប៉ុន្តែវាត្រូវបានលុបវិញនៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៧៣។<ref name=bbmdst>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=rjoTAAAAIBAJ&pg=6104%2C3785258 |newspaper=The Bulletin |location=Bend, Oregon |agency=UPI |title=Military draft system stopped |date=January 27, 1973 |page=1}}</ref><ref name=mdebld>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=_6ojAAAAIBAJ&pg=5837%2C1959488 |newspaper=The Times-News |location=Hendersonville, North Carolina |agency=Associated Press |title=Military draft ended by Laird |date=January 27, 1973 |page=1 }}</ref> ទាហានអាមេរិកចំនួន ៥៨,២២០ នាក់បានស្លាប់បាត់បង់ជីវិត ហើយប្រមាណ ១៥០,០០០ នាក់បានរងរបួស រីឯទាហានអាមេរិកប្រមាណ ២១,០០០ នាក់ទៀតត្រូវពិការជាអចិន្ត្រៃយ៍។<ref name="DigitalHistory">{{Cite web |title=The War's Costs |url=http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=513 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505035502/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=513 |archive-date=5 May 2008 |access-date=8 May 2026 |publisher=Digital History |archivedate=5 ឧសភា 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505035502/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=513 }}</ref> អាយុជាមធ្យមនៃទាហានដែលបានបាត់បង់ជីវិតគឺ ២៣ ឆ្នាំ។<ref>Combat Area Casualty File, November 1993. (The CACF is the basis for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, i.e. The Wall), Center for Electronic Records, National Archives, Washington, DC.</ref><ref name="Kueter">{{Cite book |last=Kueter |first=Dale |title=Vietnam Sons: For Some, the War Never Ended |publisher=AuthorHouse |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-4259-6931-8}}</ref> អតីតយុទ្ធជនប្រមាណ ៨៣០,០០០ នាក់ ឬ ១៥% បានត្រូវប្រឈមនឹង[[ជំងឺបាក់ស្បាត]]។<ref name="DigitalHistory" /><ref>{{Cite magazine |date=8 April 2016 |title=The Drugs That Built a Super Soldier: During the Vietnam War, the U.S. Military Plied Its Servicemen with Speed, Steroids, and Painkillers to Help Them Handle Extended Combat |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2016/04/the-drugs-that-built-a-super-soldier/477183/ |magazine=The Atlantic|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520145751/https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2016/04/the-drugs-that-built-a-super-soldier/477183/|archive-date=May 20, 2023}}</ref> ប្រជាជនអាមេរិកប្រមាណ ១២៥,០០០ នាក់បានរត់ទៅប្រទេសកាណាដាដើម្បីគេចវេះកំណែនទ័ព<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 November 2005 |title=War Resisters Remain in Canada with No Regrets |work=ABC News |url=https://abcnews.go.com/WNT/story?id=1325339 |access-date=8 May 2026 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312063551/https://abcnews.go.com/WNT/story?id=1325339|archive-date=March 12, 2023}}</ref> ហើយទាហានប្រមាណ ៥០,០០០ នាក់បានរត់ចោលជួរ។<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 June 2005 |title=Vietnam War Resisters in Canada Open Arms to U.S. Military Deserters |url=http://news.newamericamedia.org/news/view_article.html?article_id=24009b4dc8fe8dadcfa96c37bce9dea6 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812205654/http://news.newamericamedia.org/news/view_article.html?article_id=24009b4dc8fe8dadcfa96c37bce9dea6 |archive-date=12 August 2014 |access-date=8 August 2026 |publisher=Pacific News Service |archivedate=12 សីហា 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812205654/http://news.newamericamedia.org/news/view_article.html?article_id=24009b4dc8fe8dadcfa96c37bce9dea6 }}</ref> នៅឆ្នាំ១៩៧៧ លោកប្រធានាធិបតី[[ជីមី ខាទ័រ]]បានលើកលែងទោសដោយគ្មានលក្ខខណ្ឌដល់អ្នកដែលគេចវេះពីកំណែនទ័ពតាមរយៈ[[សេចក្តីប្រកាសលេខ ៤៤៨៣]]។<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 1977 |title=Proclamation 4483: Granting Pardon for Violations of the Selective Service Act, August 4, 1964 To March 38, 1973 |url=http://www.usdoj.gov/pardon/carter_proclamation.htm |access-date=8 May 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404185642/https://www.justice.gov/pardon/proclamation-4483-granting-pardon-violations-selective-service-act|archive-date=April 4, 2023}}</ref> ====ឥទ្ធិពលនៃអាវុធបំពុលគីមី==== {{Further|ផលប៉ះពាល់បរិស្ថាននៃសង្គ្រាមវៀតណាម}} [[File:Defoliation agent spraying.jpg|thumb|ឧទ្ធម្ភាគចក្រអាមេរិកកំពុងស្រោចថ្នាំគីមីនៅក្នុងតំបន់ដីសណ្តទន្លេមេគង្គ វៀតណាមខាងត្បូង ឆ្នាំ១៩៦៩]] សកម្មភាពដ៏ចម្រូងចម្រាសមួយជ្រុងទៀតនៅក្នុងប្រតិបត្តិការយោធាអាមេរិកគឺការប្រើប្រាស់នូវសារធាតុគីមីបំផ្លាញព្រៃឈើនៅរវាងឆ្នាំ១៩៦១ និងឆ្នាំ១៩៧១។ ថ្នាំនិងសារធាតុតិណឃាតពុលចំនួន ២០ លានហ្គាល្លុង ដូចសារធាតុ[[ការកអូរ៉ង់]]ជាដើម ត្រូវបានបាញ់ស្រោចពីលើព្រៃឈើនិងដំណាំលើផ្ទៃដី ៦ លានហិចតា។<ref name="Westing-1984"/><ref>{{cite book |title=Veterans and Agent Orange: Health Effects of Herbicides Used in Vietnam |date=1994 |publisher=National Academies Press (US) |chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK236347/ |chapter=The U.S. Military and the Herbicide Program in Vietnam }}</ref> សារធាតុពុលនោះត្រូវបានគេប្រើដើម្បីរំលាយសម្លាប់ដើមឈើនិងរុក្ខជាតិផ្សេងៗនៅតានតំបន់ជនបទ ពោលព្រោះវាជាទីកន្លែងលាក់ខ្លួន ជំរុំផ្ទុកលាក់អាវុធ ស្បៀងអាហាររបស់ពួកវៀតកុង។<ref name=Lewy/>{{Rp|២៣៦}} សារធាតុគីមីដែលបានប្រើប្រាស់នោះបន្តជះឥទ្ធិពលប៉ះពាល់រហូតមកដល់សព្វថ្ងៃដូចជា បង្កជាជំងឺនិងពិការភាពពីកំណើត ហើយបានបំពុលខ្សែសង្វាក់អាហារ<ref>{{Harvnb|Palmer|2007}}; {{Harvnb|Stone|2007}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |first=Lynne |last=Peeples |date=10 July 2013 |title=Veterans Sick From Agent Orange-Poisoned Planes Still Seek Justice |work=[[The Huffington Post]] |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/10/agent-orange-vietnam-veterans_n_3572598.html |access-date=8 May 2026}}</ref> រួមមានទប់ស្កាត់ដំណើរលូតលាស់របស់រុក្ខជាតិនិងដំណាំមួយចំនួន ក៏ដូចជាបន្សាបចូលទៅក្នុងដីល្បាប់ដែលបានប៉ះពាល់ដល់មច្ឆាជាតិនិងប្រភេទសត្វដទៃៗទៀត។<ref>{{cite web |url=https://aces.illinois.edu/news/toxic-byproducts-agent-orange-continue-pollute-vietnam-environment-study-says#:~:text=%E2%80%9CAfter%20President%20Nixon%20ordered%20the,Sciences%20at%20Iowa%20State%20University. | title=Toxic byproducts of Agent Orange continue to pollute Vietnam environment, study says &#124; College of Agricultural, Consumer & Environmental Sciences &#124; Illinois }}</ref> ឯកសារ​កំណត់ត្រារបស់​សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក​បាន​ផ្តល់តួលេខថា ​ព្រៃ​ឈើ ២០% នៅ​វៀតណាម​ខាងត្បូងត្រូវបានបំផ្លិចបំផ្លាញដោយសារធាតុពុលខាងលើ រួមទាំង​ព្រៃ​កោងកាង​ប្រមាណ ២០-៣៦% ផងដែរ។<ref name="Fox-2003">{{cite book |last=Fox |first=Diane N. |url=http://college.holycross.edu/faculty/dnfox/pdf/chemical_politics.pdf |chapter=Chemical Politics and the Hazards of Modern Warfare: Agent Orange |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727144516/http://college.holycross.edu/faculty/dnfox/pdf/chemical_politics.pdf |archive-date=2010-07-27 |title=Synthetic Planet: Chemical Politics and the Hazards of Modern Life |editor-last=Monica |editor-first=Casper |date=2003 |publisher=Routledge Press }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727144516/http://college.holycross.edu/faculty/dnfox/pdf/chemical_politics.pdf |date=2010-07-27 }}</ref> វិនាសកម្មបរិស្ថានដែលកើតឡើងក្នុងសង្គ្រាមនេះត្រូវបាននាយករដ្ឋមន្ត្រីស៊ុយអែត លោក[[អ៊ូឡូហ្វ ផាលមែរ]] ក៏ដូចជាមេធាវី និងបណ្ឌិតផ្សេងៗសម្ដៅហៅថា [[បរិស្ថានឃាត]]។<ref name="Zierler-2011">{{Cite book |last=Zierler |first=David |title=The invention of ecocide: agent orange, Vietnam, and the scientists who changed the way we think about the environment |date=2011 |publisher=Univ. of Georgia Press |isbn=978-0-8203-3827-9 |location=Athens, Georgia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-18 |title=How Imperative Is It To Consider Ecocide As An International Crime? |url=https://www.ijllr.com/post/how-imperative-is-it-to-consider-ecocide-as-an-international-crime |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=IJLLR}}</ref><ref name="Falk-1973">{{Cite journal |last=Falk |first=Richard A. |date=1973 |title=Environmental Warfare and Ecocide — Facts, Appraisal, and Proposals |journal=Bulletin of Peace Proposals |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=80–96 |doi=10.1177/096701067300400105 |jstor=44480206 }}</ref> [[File:A vietnamese Professor is pictured with a group of handicapped children.jpg|thumb|កុមារពិការនៅប្រទេសវៀតណាម ដែលភាគច្រើនជាជនរងគ្រោះនៃសារធាតុពុលគីមី[[ការកអូរ៉ង់]] ឆ្នាំ២០០៤]] ធាតុគីមីដែលមាននៅក្នុងសារធាតុការកអូរ៉ង់នោះ<ref>{{cite web |title=Facts About Herbicides |url=https://www.publichealth.va.gov/exposures/agentorange/basics.asp |website=US Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration }}</ref> អាចបង្កគ្រោះថ្នាក់ដល់សុខភាព ដូចជាជំងឺប៉ះពាល់ប្រព័ន្ធភាពស៊ាំ ការលូតលាស់មិនប្រក្រតី និងបញ្ហាជាមួយប្រព័ន្ធបន្តពូជ។<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1016/B978-0-323-43044-9.00025-X |chapter=Nonmetallic Toxic Chemical Assessment |title=Textbook of Natural Medicine |date=2020 |last1=Shaw |first1=William |pages=215–222.e2 |isbn=978-0-323-52342-4 }}</ref> ការកអូរ៉ង់ក៏ដូចជានិងសារធាតុពុលស្រដៀងៗគ្នានេះបានបង្កជាបញ្ហាសុខភាពយ៉ាងធ្ងន់ធ្ងរដល់ប្រជាជនវៀតណាម និងក៏ដូចជាយោធិនអាមេរិកដែលប្រើប្រាស់វា។ របាយការណ៍ជាច្រើនបានសន្និដ្ឋានថា ជនភៀសសឹកដែលបានប៉ះពាល់នឹងថ្នាំនោះបានបន្តប្រឈមនឹងការឈឺចាប់នៅក្នុងគ្រាប់ភ្នែក ស្បែក និងបញ្ហាក្រពះពោះវៀនជាដើម។ នៅក្នុងលទ្ធផលសិក្សាមួយ ជនរងគ្រោះពីសារធាតុពុល ៩២% បានទទួលរងនូវភាពអស់កម្លាំងឥតឈប់ឈរ ហើយអ្នកខ្លះទៀតត្រូវផ្ដល់[[វិរូបកំណើត]]។<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rose |first1=Hilary A. |last2=Rose |first2=Steven P. R. |title=Chemical Spraying as Reported by Refugees from South Vietnam |journal=Science |date=25 August 1972 |volume=177 |issue=4050 |pages=710–712 |doi=10.1126/science.177.4050.710 |pmid=5054148 |bibcode=1972Sci...177..710R }}</ref> លទ្ធផលវិភាគបានរកឃើញថា ឪពុកម្តាយដែលបានរងផលប៉ះពាល់នឹងសារធាតុការកអូរ៉ង់ត្រូវប្រឈមនឹងលទ្ធភាពខ្ពស់ក្នុងការផ្ដល់កំណើតឱ្យទារកដែលមានពិការភាព ឬវិរូបភាពនោះឯង។<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ngo Anh |first1=D. |first2=Richard |last2=Taylor |first3=Christine L. |last3=Roberts |first4=Tuan V. |last4=Nguyen |date=13 February 2006 |title=Association between Agent Orange and Birth Defects: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis |journal=International Journal of Epidemiology |publisher=Oxford University Press |volume=35 |issue=5 |pages=1220–1230 |doi=10.1093/ije/dyl038 |pmid=16543362 |doi-access=free}}</ref> ភស្តុតាងគួរឱ្យកត់សម្គាល់បានបញ្ជាក់ឱ្យឃើញផងដែរថា ពិការភាពដែលជាលទ្ធផលនៃការកអូរ៉ង់អាចមានបន្តកើតរហូតដល់ទៅបីជំនាន់ ឬច្រើនជាងនេះ។<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Charles |last1=Ornstein |first2=Hannah |last2=Fresques |first3=Mike |last3=Hixenbaugh |date=16 December 2016 |title=The Children of Agent Orange |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/the-children-of-agent-orange |access-date=23 February 2018 |website=ProPublica}}</ref> នៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ២០១៨ អាជ្ញាធរវៀតណាមបានធ្វើប្រព្រឹត្តិកម្មដីដែលមានជាតិពុលចំនួន ១៥០,០០០ ម៉ែត្រគូប។<ref>{{cite web | last1=McElwee | first1=Pamela | editor-first1=Stacy | editor-last1=Morford |url=https://theconversation.com/50-years-later-vietnams-environment-still-bears-the-scars-of-war-and-signals-a-dark-future-for-gaza-and-ukraine-254971#:~:text=The%20term%20%E2%80%9Cecocide%E2%80%9D%20had%20been,term%20harm%20have%20been%20limited. | title=50 years later, Vietnam's environment still bears the scars of war – and signals a dark future for Gaza and Ukraine | date=28 April 2025 }}</ref> ==មើលផងដែរ== *[[បញ្ជីរាយជម្លោះនៅអាស៊ី]] *[[សង្គ្រាមកូរ៉េ]] (១៩៥០–១៩៥៣) *[[សង្គ្រាមឥណ្ឌូចិនលើកទី៣]] (១៩៧៨–១៩៩១) *[[សង្គ្រាមសូវៀត–អាហ្វហ្កានីស្ថាន]] (១៩៧៩–១៩៨៩) ==ចំណារពន្យល់== {{reflist|group=ស}} ==ឯកសារយោង== ===អាគតដ្ឋាន=== {{reflist}} ===ឯកសារដកស្រង់=== * {{Cite book |last1=Bowden |first1=Mark |title=Hue 1968: A Turning Point of the American War in Vietnam |date=2017 |publisher=Atlantic Monthly Press |isbn=978-0-8021-8924-0 }} * {{Cite book |last=Demma |first=Vincent H. |url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/AMH/amh-toc.htm |title=American Military History |publisher=US Army Center of Military History |year=1989 |location=Washington, DC |pages=619–694 |chapter=The U.S. Army in Vietnam |access-date=10 May 2026 |chapter-url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/AMH/AMH-28.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200120024852/https://history.army.mil/books/AMH/amh-toc.htm |archive-date=20 January 2020 |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200120024852/https://history.army.mil/books/AMH/amh-toc.htm |date=20 មករា 2020 }} * {{Cite book |last=Eisenhower |first=Dwight D. |url=https://archive.org/details/mandateforchange00eise |title=Mandate for Change |publisher=Doubleday & Company |year=1963 |url-access=registration}} * {{Cite book |last=Hastings |first=Max |title=Vietnam: An Epic Tragedy, 1945-1975 |publisher=HarperCollins |year=2018 |isbn=978-0-06-240566-1}} * {{Cite book |last=Karnow |first=Stanley |title=Vietnam: A History |publisher=Penguin Books |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-14-026547-7 |edition=2nd |location=New York }} * {{Cite book |last=Nalty |first=Bernard |title=The Vietnam War |publisher=Barnes and Noble |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-7607-1697-7 |location=New York}} * {{Cite book |last1=Olson |first1=James S. |title=Where the Domino Fell: America and Vietnam 1945–1995 |last2=Roberts |first2=Randy |publisher=Blackwell Publishing |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-4051-8222-5 |edition=5th |location=Malden, MA}} * {{Cite journal |last=Palmer |first=Michael G. |year=2007 |title=The Case of Agent Orange |journal=Contemporary Southeast Asia |volume=29 |pages=172–195 |jstor=25798819 |number=1 }} * {{Cite journal |last=Stone |first=Richard |year=2007 |title=Agent Orange's Bitter Harvest |journal=Science |volume=315 |issue=5809 |pages=176–179 |doi=10.1126/science.315.5809.176 |jstor=20035179 |pmid=17218503 }} * {{Cite book |last=Westheider |first=James E. |title=The Vietnam War |publisher=Greenwood Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-313-33755-0 |location=Westport, CN}} * {{Cite book |last=Willbanks |first=James H. |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/28613 |title=A Raid Too Far: Operation Lam Son 719 and Vietnamization in Laos |publisher=Texas A&M University Press |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-62349-117-8}} ==អានបន្ថែម== {{Main|[[:en:Bibliography of the Vietnam War|គន្ថនិទ្ទេសន៍នៃសង្គ្រាមវៀតណាម]] (ជាភាសាអង់គ្លេស)}} ==តំណភ្ជាប់ក្រៅ== '''''ជាភាសាអង់គ្លេស''''' {{Sister project links|d=Q8740|n=no|species=no|voy=no|s=no|b=Modern History/Vietnam War}} * [http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/vietnam.htm ឯកសារទាក់ទិននឹងគោលនយោបាយការបរទេសអាមេរិក–វៀតណាម] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813005227/http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/vietnam.htm |date=13 August 2012}} ប្រភពចម្បងអំពីការចូលរួមសង្គ្រាមរបស់អាមេរិក * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230405190739/http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/academic/history/marshall/military/vietnam/short.history/chap_28.txt កងទ័ព ស.រ.អ. នៅវៀតណាម] ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រផ្លូវការនៃកងទ័ពសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050403230616/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/vietnam/timeline/ ខ្សែកាលសង្គ្រាមវៀតណាម] ខ្សែកាលលម្អិតនៃសង្គ្រាមវៀតណាម [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:សង្គ្រាមវៀតណាម]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:ជម្លោះទសវត្សរ៍ឆ្នាំ១៩៥០]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:ជម្លោះទសវត្សរ៍ឆ្នាំ១៩៦០]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:ជម្លោះទសវត្សរ៍ឆ្នាំ១៩៧០]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:សង្គ្រាមឥណ្ឌូចិន]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:សង្គ្រាមផ្ទៃក្នុងកម្ពុជា]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:សង្គ្រាមផ្ទៃក្នុងឡាវ]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:សង្គ្រាមផ្ទៃក្នុងនៅវៀតណាម]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:ជម្លោះសង្គ្រាមត្រជាក់]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:ចក្រពត្តិនិយម]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:សង្គ្រាមប្រយោល]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:សង្គ្រាមស៊ីវិលបែបបដិវត្តន៍]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:សង្គ្រាមមានកម្ពុជាជាប់ពាក់ព័ន្ធ]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:សង្គ្រាមមានអូស្ត្រាលីជាប់ពាក់ព័ន្ធ]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:សង្គ្រាមមានឡាវជាប់ពាក់ព័ន្ធ]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:សង្គ្រាមមាននូវែលសេឡង់ជាប់ពាក់ព័ន្ធ]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:សង្គ្រាមមានកូរ៉េខាងជើងជាប់ពាក់ព័ន្ធ]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:សង្គ្រាមមានកូរ៉េខាងត្បូងជាប់ពាក់ព័ន្ធ]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:សង្គ្រាមមានតៃវ៉ាន់ជាប់ពាក់ព័ន្ធ]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:សង្គ្រាមមានថៃជាប់ពាក់ព័ន្ធ]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:សង្គ្រាមមានសាធារណរដ្ឋប្រជាមានិតចិនជាប់ពាក់ព័ន្ធ]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:សង្គ្រាមមានហ្វីលីពីនជាប់ពាក់ព័ន្ធ]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:សង្គ្រាមមានសហភាពសូវៀតជាប់ពាក់ព័ន្ធ]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:សង្គ្រាមមានសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកជាប់ពាក់ព័ន្ធ]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:សង្គ្រាមមានវៀតណាមជាប់ពាក់ព័ន្ធ]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:សង្គ្រាមមានវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងជាប់ពាក់ព័ន្ធ]] 5ybyajju2j0hfxm1hfmffl9h1545mp4 0 26148 336900 336818 2026-06-23T12:06:20Z Jen0011 51633 336900 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Yeay mao cambodia.JPG|right|thumb|300px|ទីសក្ការៈយាយម៉ៅ នៅវត្តរាម [[ក្រុងព្រះសីហនុ]]]] '''យាយម៉ៅ''' ឬ '''លោកយាយម៉ៅ''' ជា​[[វីរៈនារី​]]ក្នុង​ទេវកថា​ពី​បុរាណ​ដ៏ពេញនិយមរបស់ប្រជាជនខ្មែរ <ref>[http://khmerkromngo.org/heroes/Listofheroes.htm Khmer Heroes], Kampuchea Krom Community: ''Yeay [or Grandma] Mao, visitors travel to seacoast Sihanoukville and Kampong Som province must stop to pay respect.''. Link retrieved on 2nd Feb 2009.</ref> និងគេមានជំនឿថាជាទេវតាស័ក្តិសិទ្ធ តាមបែប​ព្រហ្មញ្ញសាសនាក្នុងប្រទេស[[កម្ពុជា]]។ **យាយម៉ៅ ត្រូវបានគេគោរពបូជា ធ្វើសក្ការៈនៅតាមឆ្នេរសមុទ្រ ឬច្រាំងសមុទ្រ ក៏ដូចជានៅចន្លោះផ្លូវពីក្រុង[[ភ្នំពេញ]] ទៅកំពង់ផែក្រុងព្រះសីហនុ កំពត និងក្រុងកែប។ នៅភ្នំបូគោក្នុងខេត្តកំពត គេឃើញមានរូបសំណាកយាយម៉ៅ ដែលមានកំពស់ដល់ទៅ២៩ម៉ែត្រ ដែលត្រូវបានសំភោធឡើងក្នុងឆ្នាំ២០១២ ទន្ទឹមនឹងនោះ ក៏មានឃើញរូបសំណាករបស់លោកយាយនៅឆ្នេរសមុទ្រកែប ដែលត្រូវបានហៅថា "ស្រីស្អាត" ឬ"សិលាចាំប្តី" ទាំងនោះ គឺជារឿងព្រេងនិទានរបស់ស្រី្តម្នាក់ ដែលទន្ទឹងចាំស្វាមីរបស់ខ្លួន ហើយសំឡឹងមើលទៅទិសខាងលិច។ យាយម៉ៅ ត្រូវបានគេជឿថា គាត់គឺជាអ្នកការពារ ថែរក្សាអ្នកដំណើរ និងព្រានព្រៃឲ្យបានសេចក្តីសុខសប្បាយ។ អ្នកដំណើរដែល​ធ្វើ​ដំណើរឆ្លងកាត់ផ្លូវជាតិលេខ៤ តែងតែឈប់នៅមុខអាស្រមលោកយាយម៉ៅ នៅតាមបណ្តោយផ្លូវនោះ ដើម្បីធ្វើសក្ការៈ បូជា ដើម្បីសុំឲ្យការធ្វើដំណើរបានសុខសប្បាយតាមផ្លូវ។ == ដំណើររឿង == [[File:Yeay Mao at Bokor Maunt.jpg|thumbnail|right|រូបសំណាកយាយម៉ៅនៅភ្នំបូកគោ]] ដំណើររឿងរបស់យាយម៉ៅ គេពុំទាន់មានឯកសារណាមួយជាក់លាក់ ដែលជាប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រទេ។ រឿងនេះត្រូវបានគេនិយាយតៗគ្នា ពីមាត់មួយទៅមាត់មួយ។ គេឃើញមានរឿងនិទានមួយចំនួនទាក់ទងនឹងប្រវត្តិយាយម៉ៅ។ បានឮថា រឿងនេះបានកើត​ឡើង​នៅមុន​សម័យ​​[[អាណានិគមបារាំង]] នាងគឺ​ជា​ស្រ្តីដ៏ស្អាត ផូរផង់ បានរៀបអាពាពិពាហ៍​ជាមួយនឹង​មេទ័ពម្នាក់។ ក្រោយពេល​ដែលស្វាមី​របស់គាត់ធ្វើ​មរណកាល​ក្នុងសង្គ្រាម រវាងកម្ពុជា]]និង[[ថៃ]] នាងក៏បាន​ដឹកនាំទ័ព​ឡើងប្រឆាំង​តបវិញ។ នៅពេលនោះ នាងក៏បានក្លាយ​ជាវីរៈនារី​ដ៏ល្បីល្បាញ​​របស់[[ជនជាតិខ្មែរ]]។ រឿងដំណាលខ្លះថា ស្វាមីរបស់ដូនម៉ៅ ដែលជាមេទ័ព បានចេញទៅធ្វើសង្គ្រាមតាមផ្លូវសមុទ្រ ដោយសារតែនឹកស្វាមីខ្លាំងពេក នាងក៏ទៅតាមរក ហើយក៏បានមកដួលស្លាប់នៅខេត្តកោះកុង ក្លាយជាអ្នកដូន (ឆ្មាំរក្សាសមុទ្រ)។ កាលពីសម័យមុន មានមេកន្ទ្រាញ ម្នាក់ ឈ្មោះជុច ត្រួតត្រា​កុល​សម្ព័ន្ធ​ជនជាតិព័រ នៅស្រុកភ្នំក្រវាញ ខេត្តពោធិ៍សាត់ ដែលពី​មុនហៅថា ​ព្រៃខ្លាដំរី។ តា​ជុច មានប្ញទ្ធិអំណាចខ្លាំងពូកែណាស់ ជាមនុស្សឆ្អឹងដែក ស្បែកស្ពាន់។ កាលនោះ មាន​យុវតី​ [[ជនជាតិព័រ]]ម្នាក់ ឈ្មោះនាងម៉ៅ មានរូបឆោមល្អល្អះ ត្រូវបានមេកន្ទ្រាញយកធ្វើជាភរិយា។ ក្រោយពេលពួកគាត់ធ្វើមរណកាលទៅ បានបន្សល់ទុកទ្រព្យសម្បត្តិជាច្រើន ដោយហេតុថា ពួកគាត់គ្មានកូនបន្តពូជពង្ស ចិត្តរបស់ពួកគាត់​ ក៏នៅ​មិនដាច់​អាល័យ ក៏ចាប់ជាតិជាអ្នកតា អ្នកដូន​ នៅចាំយាម ថែរក្សាទឹកដីនោះ។ មេកន្ទ្រាញដែលឡើងកាន់ដំណែងក្រោយៗ ក៏នៅតែគោរពកោតខ្លាចតាជុច យាយម៉ៅ ដូចកាលនៅរស់ បានទាំងយកដុំថ្ម២ដុំធំៗ ដាក់​ទន្ទឹម​គ្នា ធ្វើរោង​ប្រក់​ស្បូវ​ត្រង់ផ្ទះ​តាយាយ​នេះ ដោយឧបកិច្ច​សុំឱ្យពួកគាត់តាមថែរក្សាជនជាតិព័រ កុំឱ្យមានជំងឺតម្កាត់អ្វីឡើយ។ គ្រានោះ ដូនម៉ៅ បានចូលសណ្ឋិត ក្នុងរូបស្នងម្នាក់ ហើយប្រាប់អ្នកស្រុកថា គាត់មានភារកិច្ចតាម​ថែរក្សា​មនុស្សលោក មិនត្រឹមតែ​​តំបន់​​ភ្នំក្រវាញ​នេះទេ សូម្បី​ខេត្តផ្សេងៗ មានដូចជា [[ខេត្តកំពង់ស្ពឺ]] [[ខេត្តកោះកុង]] [[ក្រុងព្រះសីហនុ|ក្រុងកំពង់សោម]] ជាដើម ជាពិសេស កូនចៅដែល​ធ្វើដំណើរ​តាមសមុទ្រ។ == ការបូជា == [[File:Kep Sela Cham P'dey.JPG|thumbnail|right|''Sela waits for her husband'' (សិលាចាំប្តី), a monument in [[Kep Province]] inspired in a version of Yeay Mao, whose husband went to the wars with Thailand and never returns, so she decided to go to the west in his search.]] ការសែនព្រេនចម្បងគឺនៅខែមិថុនា។ អ្នកដែលមានជំនឿតែងនាំគ្នាទៅវត្ត ឬក៏ទីសក្ការៈនានា ដើម្បីធ្វើនូវការបូជា។ ក្នុងការសែនព្រេននេះ គេតែងនាំយកអាហារដ៏ប្រណិត ជាពិសេស មានដូចជា ក្បាលជ្រូក មាន់ស្ងោរ និងគ្រឿង​សក្ការៈ ដែល​ជាបរិក្ខារ​របស់យញ្ញ មានដូចជា ស្លាធម៌ ដូងទុំ ផ្កាភ្ញី និងបាយសី (ធ្វើឡើងដោយកំណាត់ផ្នែកមួយនៃដើមចេក ដែលមានដោតជើងទ្រ មានស្លឹកចេកដែលគេរុំប៉ុនៗម្រាមដៃ ៣ ទៅ៩ស្រទាប់។ បាយសីនេះ គឺជាបរិក្ខារមួយដែលពេញ​និយម របស់ប្រជាជនខ្មែរ ក៏ដូចជាជនជាតិ​ថៃ ក្នុងការធ្វើពិធីសែនព្រេន ឬបូជាផ្សេងៗ។ .<ref>Seik Sopat and Sadang Tuo: Collection of Cambodian Traditions (ប្រជុំរឿងព្រេងខ្មែរ), pp.80-81.</ref> រូបស្នងទាំងបីដែលយាយម៉ៅធ្លាប់ចូល # '''យាយសៅរ៍''' : គឺជាភរិយារបស់តាអ៊ុង ដែលជាកាប៉ូរ៉ាល់ថ្នល់ (អ្នកត្រួតត្រាខាងផ្លូវ)។ # '''តាស្នងឡុង''' : ជាកូនរបស់យាយសៅរ៍ និងតាអ៊ុង។ # '''តាឡុងម៉ៅ ''' : ជាកូនតាស្នងឡុង។ == ជំនឿ == តាមរយៈស្នាដៃនិពន្ធរបស់លោកសេក សុផាត និងលោកស្តើង ធូរ <ref>Seik Sopat and Sadang Tuo: Collection of Cambodian Traditions (ប្រជុំរឿងព្រេងខ្មែរ), p.78.</ref> កាលពីរវាងឆ្នាំ ១៨៦៦ អ្នកដូនម៉ៅនេះ កាចណាស់ គឺបើអ្នកណាធ្វើដំណើរកាត់តាមផ្លូវជ្រោះភ្នំពេជ្រនិល ហើយមិនបានបង្អង់ឈប់ ដើម្បីសុំសេចក្ដីសុខសប្បាយទេ ឬប្រព្រឹត្តចោរកម្មផ្សេងៗ អ្នកដូននឹងធ្វើជាហេតុផ្សេងៗ មានជម្ងឺដម្កាត់ ឬមើលផ្លូវដែលត្រូវ​ធ្វើដំណើរ​មិនឃើញ ដែលអាច​បណ្តាល​ឲ្យ​បើកខុសផ្លូវ មានគ្រោះថ្នាក់ដល់ជីវិត។ មួយវិញទៀត បើអ្នកណា មានគំនុំ ហើយមានប្រាថ្នានឹងព្យាបាទអ្នកដទៃ ហើយទៅធ្វើការបន់ សុំឲ្យអ្នកដូនជួយទៅបង្ក្រាបគូសត្រូវរបស់ខ្លួន ដោយសន្យាថា បើបានសម្រេចដូចការបន់ នឹងថ្វាយវត្ថុណានីមួយ។ អ្នកដូន ក៏ទៅកាច់ ធ្វើតាមបំណងអ្នកដែលបន់នោះក៏មាន។<ref name="Sadang Tuo p.80">Seik Sopat and Sadang Tuo: Collection of Cambodian Traditions (ប្រជុំរឿងព្រេងខ្មែរ), p.80.</ref> ដោយហេតុតែកាចសាហាវយ៉ាងនេះហើយ ទើបបារាំងសែស (ក្នុងសម័យអាណានិគមបារាំងរវាងឆ្នាំ ១៩០០) បានទៅបាញ់ទីសក្ការៈអ្នកដូននោះម្ដង។ តាំងពីពេលនោះមក អ្នកដូននេះ ក៏ថយអានុភាពបន្តិច។ ក្នុងរវាងឆ្នាំ ១៩៤០ ជំនាន់ជប៉ុនចូលស្រុក បានកេណ្ឌប្រជាពលរដ្ឋចំណុះខែត្រកំពត ឲ្យទៅជីកលេណដ្ឋាន នៅត្រង់ថ្នល់បត់ភ្នំទ្វារកំពតនោះ។ ពលករទាំងនោះ បានទៅធ្វើបរិវេណទីសក្ការៈនោះឲ្យស្មោកគ្រោក មានបន្ទោរបង់មូត្រ លាមកជាដើម ដោយ​ការខឹងនឹងអំពើរបស់អ្នកទាំងនោះ អ្នកដូនក៏ធ្វើឲ្យមានជម្ងឺ ស្លាប់អស់ជាច្រើននាក់។ អ្នកខ្លះមានជំងឺឈឺតាំងពីកន្លែងកាប់ដីនោះមក ស្លាប់អស់ជាច្រើននាក់។ អ្នកខ្លះបានមកដល់ផ្ទះ ទើបចាប់មានជំងឺក៏មាន ស្លាប់រង្គាលចោលប្រពន្ធ ឲ្យនៅមេម៉ាយគគោក រហូតទាល់តែបាននាមថា "មេម៉ាយជំនាន់ជប៉ុនកេណ្ឌ" ។ ដោយឃើញហេតុការស្ដែងយ៉ាងនេះ បានធ្វើឲ្យអ្នកស្រុក ទាំងខ្មែរ ចិន យួន ចាម ជ្វា បាក់បបខ្លបខ្លាចឥតឧបមា។ ម្នាក់ៗប្រសិនបើមានការត្រូវធ្វើដំណើរទៅចំកន្លែងនោះ ដោយខានមិនបាន ក៏ត្រូវប្រុងប្រយ័ត្នឲ្យមានវត្ថុកំដរដៃ សម្រាប់ថ្វាយអ្នកដូនពុំដែលខានឡើយ។<ref>Seik Sopat and Sadang Tuo: Collection of Cambodian Traditions (ប្រជុំរឿងព្រេងខ្មែរ), p.79.</ref> ដើម្បីធ្វើឲ្យការវឹកវរស្ងប់ស្ងាត់ មនុស្សទាំងឡាយ ក៏ចាប់ផ្តើមនាំយកវត្ថុផ្សេងៗ ដើម្បីធ្វើសក្ការៈបូជាយាយម៉ៅ និងកសាង​ទីសក្ការៈឡើងវិញ។ ក្រៅពីការបន់ស្រន់សុំសេចក្តីសុខ របស់អ្នកស្រុក​នៅផ្តុំភ្នំពេជ្យនិល ពេលដែលមានភាពវឹកវរកើតឡើង មានការលួច កាប់សម្លាប់ជាដើម អ្នកទាំងនោះ តែងទៅបញ្ជាន់អ្នកដូន ដើម្បីឲ្យអ្នកដូនប្រាប់ហេតុការ ឬប្រាប់ពិធីដើម្បីដោះស្រាយផ្សេងៗ។<ref name="Sadang Tuo p.80" /> == ទីតាំងអាស្រមឬរូបសំណាក់ == * លោកយាយម៉ៅពេជ្រពិល ផ្លូវជាតិលេខ៤ ខេត្តកំពង់ស្ពឺ * លោកយាយម៉ៅ ផ្លូវឡើងទៅគីរីរម្យ ខេត្តកំពង់ស្ពឺ * លោកយាយម៉ៅ ឧទ្យានជាតិគីរីរម្យ​ ខេត្តកំពង់ស្ពឺ * លោកយាយម៉ៅ ភ្នំគីរីរម្យ ខេត្តកំពង់ស្ពឺ * លោកយាយម៉ៅភ្នំបូកគោ ខេត្តកំពត * ប្រាសាទវិមានបារមីជំទាវម៉ៅ ខេត្តកំពត * ប្រាសាទមាសលោកយាយម៉ៅ កំពូលភ្នំទ្វារ ក្នុងឃុំល្អាង ស្រុកដងទង់ ខេត្តកំពត * លោកយាយម៉ៅ ល្អាងភ្នំក្រពះនាគ ស្រុកកំពង់ត្រាច ខេត្តកំពត * លោកយាយម៉ៅ ភ្នំ១៥០០ ស្រុកវាលវែង​ ខេត្តពោធិ៍សាត់ * លោកយាយម៉ៅ វត្តភ្នំខ្វាវ ​ខេត្តពោធិ៍សាត់ * លោកយាយម៉ៅ កំពង់សោម * លោកយាយម៉ៅ ផ្លូវល្បឿនលឿន ក្រុងព្រះសីហនុ * លោកយាយម៉ៅ​ កំពង់សិលា ខេត្តព្រះសីហនុ * លោកយាយម៉ៅ វត្តកែវផុស ស្រុកស្ទឹងហាវ ខេត្តព្រះសីហនុ * លោកយាយម៉ៅ វត្តទួលកែវ ស្រុកព្រៃនប់ ខេត្តព្រះសីហនុ * លោកយាយម៉ៅ ភូមិព្រែកខ្សាច់​ ខេត្តកោះកុង * លោកយាយម៉ៅ​ ព្រះអង្គគោកធ្លក ស្រុកមណ្ឌលសីមា ខេត្តកោះកុង * លោកយាយម៉ៅ ខេត្តកោះកុង * លោកយាយម៉ៅ ខេត្តកែប * លោកយាយម៉ៅ មាត់ទន្លេ រាជធានីភ្នំពេញ * លោកយាយម៉ៅ ភូមិអណ្តូង១ សង្កាត់ព្រែកប្រា រាជធានីភ្នំពេញ * លោកយាយម៉ៅ ភូមិ៤៦ ឃុំជប់​​ ស្រុកត្បូងឃ្មុំ ខេត្តត្បូងឃ្មុំ * លោកយាយម៉ៅ ភ្នំឧដុង្គ ស្រុកពញាឮ ខេត្តកណ្តាល * លោកយាយម៉ៅ ភូមិក្តីកណ្តាល សង្កាត់សារិកាកែវ ក្រុងអរិយក្សត្រ ខេត្តកណ្តាល * លោកយាយម៉ៅ ស្រុករលាប្អៀរ ខេត្តកំពង់ឆ្នាំង * លោកយាយម៉ៅ ភ្នំព្រះធាតុ ខេត្តស្ទឹងត្រែង * លោកយាយម៉ៅ ខេត្តស្ទឹងត្រែង * លោកយាយម៉ៅ ភ្នំដងរ៉ែក ស្រុកអន្លង់វែង ខេត្តឧត្តរមានជ័យ * លោកយាយម៉ៅ វត្តព្រែកចង្ក្រានលើ ខេត្ត​ព្រៃវែង​ * លោកយាយម៉ៅ ភ្នំឈើកាច់ ខេត្តព្រៃវែង * លោកយាយម៉ៅ វត្តកោះកុក ស្រុកកំពង់សៀម ខេត្តកំពង់ចាម == ឯកសារយោង == '''Notes''' {{reflist|30em}} == អានបន្ថែម == * Collection of Cambodian Traditions (ប្រជុំរឿងព្រេងខ្មែរ), Phnom Penh, 2001, Ministry of Education, Kingdom of Cambodia, pp 78–81. == តំណភ្ជាប់ខាងក្រៅ == * [http://gmcmissions.blogspot.com/2009/01/brief-history.html The World of Spirits, gmc missions], 7 January 2009. * [http://akt-media.com/readnews.php?id=21010#.U4nvEChFbfc ព័ត៌មានអង្គរធំ]{{Dead link|date=វិច្ឆិកា 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.camnews.org/2013/04/10/%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%84/ ព័ត៌មានខ្មែរ] * [https://archive.is/20140713213750/ftp3.ie.freebsd.org/pub/download.sourceforge.net/pub/sourceforge/k/kh/khmertext/Khmer_Folktales/Volume_08/Story_20_Volume_8.odt កម្ពុជសុរិយា] [[Category:វប្បធម៌ខ្មែរ]] [[Category:ជំនឿ និងសាសនានៅកម្ពុជា]] q8rjx3l6n1onwh6xfq5b3tfun0tjhjq 0 34867 336908 336731 2026-06-23T23:04:49Z InternetArchiveBot 32568 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 336908 wikitext text/x-wiki {{មិនមែនភាសាខ្មែរ}} {{about|ប្រទេស}} {{ប្រអប់ព័ត៌មាន ប្រទេស |conventional_long_name = សាធារណរដ្ឋបារាំង |native_name = {{nobold|''République française'' ([[ភាសាបារាំង]])}} |common_name = បារាំង |image_flag = Flag of France.svg |image_coat = Armoiries république française.svg |symbol_type = [[វរលញ្ឆករបារាំង|វរលញ្ឆករ]] |symbol_width = 75px |national_motto = "''[[សេរីភាព សមភាព ភាតរភាព|Liberté, égalité, fraternité]]''"<br/>"សេរីភាព សមភាព ភាតរភាព" |other_symbol = <div style="padding:0.3em;">[[File:Great Seal of France.svg|100px|Obverse]] [[File:Great Seal of France (reverse).svg|100px|Reverse]]</div> |other_symbol_type = [[មហាត្រានៃបារាំង|មហាត្រា]] |national_anthem = "[[ឡាម៉ាស៊ីលេស|La Marseillaise]]"<br /><center>[[File:La Marseillaise.ogg]]</center> |image_map = France in the European Union on the globe (Europe centered).svg |map_caption = ទីតាំងប្រទេសបារាំង (ក្រហម) នៅលើភូគោល |capital_type = រដ្ឋធានី |capital = [[ប៉ារីស]] |coordinates = {{Coord|48|51|N|2|21|E|type:city}} |largest_city = capital |official_languages = [[ភាសាបារាំង]]{{refn|group=សម្គាល់|name=one|សម្រាប់ព័ត៌មានអំពីភាសាតាមតំបន់, សូមមើល [[ភាសានៃបារាំង]]។}} |religion_year = ២០២២ |religion = {{ublist|item_style=white-space:nowrap; |៤៧% [[ព្រះសហគមន៍កាតូលិកនៅបារាំង|កាតូលិក]] |២% [[និកាយប្រូតេស្តង់នៅបារាំង|ប្រូតេស្តង់]] |១% [[និកាយអូស្សូដក់ខាងលិចនៅបារាំង|អូស្សូដក់]] |៣៣% គ្មានជំនឿសាសនា |៤% [[ឥស្លាមសាសនានៅបារាំង|ឥស្លាមសាសនា]] |២% [[ព្រះពុទ្ធសាសនានៅបារាំង|ព្រះពុទ្ធសាសនា]] |១% សាសនាផ្សេងៗ |៩% មិនបានបញ្ជាក់<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/france/#people-and-society |title=CIA World Factbook: France |author=[[ទីភ្ញាក់ងារស៊ើបការណ៍កណ្តាល]] |date=19 January 2022 |website=Cia.gov |publisher=CIA |access-date=1 កុម្ភៈ 2022 |archivedate=16 មីនា 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316080837/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/france/#people-and-society |url-status=dead }}</ref> }} |government_type = [[រដ្ឋឯកភូត]] [[សាធារណរដ្ឋ|សាធារណរដ្ឋអាស្រ័យរដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញ]]ប្រកាន់[[ប្រព័ន្ធពាក់កណ្តាលប្រធានាធិបតីនិយម]] |leader_title1 = [[ប្រធានាធិបតីបារាំង|ប្រធានាធិបតី]] |leader_name1 = [[​អេម៉ានុយអែល ម៉ាក្រុង​]] |leader_title2 = [[នាយករដ្ឋមន្ត្រីបារាំង|នាយករដ្ឋមន្ត្រី]] |leader_name2 = [[សេបាស្ទីយ៉ង់ ឡឺក័រនូ]] |legislature = [[សភាតំណាងរាស្ត្របារាំង|សភាតំណាងរាស្ត្រ]] |upper_house = [[ព្រឹទ្ធសភា (បារាំង)|ព្រឹទ្ធសភា]] |lower_house = [[រដ្ឋសភា (បារាំង)|រដ្ឋសភា]] |sovereignty_type = [[ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្របារាំង|និម្មិតកម្ម]] |established_event2 = [[ហ្វ្រង់ស៊ា|រាជាណាចក្រហ្វ្រង់ស៊ា]]<br/>{{small|(បង្រួបបង្រួមដោយស្តេច[[ក្លូវីសទី១]])}} |established_date2 = ៤៨១ |established_event3 = [[សន្ធិសញ្ញាវែរដុង]] |established_date3 = សីហា ៨៤៣ |established_event4 = [[ព្រះរាជាណាចក្របារាំង|ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រ]] |established_date4 = ៣ កក្កដា ៩៨៧ |established_event5 = ប្រកាសជា[[សាធារណរដ្ឋបារាំងទីមួយ|សាធារណរដ្ឋ]] |established_date5 = ២២ កញ្ញា ១៧៩២ |established_event6 = [[រដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញបារាំង|រដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញបច្ចុប្បន្ន]] |established_date6 = ៤ តុលា ១៩៥៨ | area_size = 1 E7 | area_km2 = ៦៤០,៦៧៩ | area_rank = ទី៤២ | percent_water = ០.៨៦ (ត្រឹមឆ្នាំ២០១៥)<ref>{{cite web|title=Surface water and surface water change|access-date=13 តុលា 2021|publisher=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) |url=https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER#}}</ref> | area_label2 = [[បារាំងដីគោក]] ([[វិទ្យាស្ថានភូមិសាស្ត្រជាតិ|IGN]]) | area_data2 = ៥៥១,៦៩៥ គម^២{{#tag:ref|ទិន្នន័យរបស់[[វិទ្យាស្ថានភូមិសាស្ត្រជាតិ]] (IGN) ដោយរាប់បញ្ចូលទាំងផ្ទៃទឹកដែរ|group="សម្គាល់"}} ([[បញ្ជីរាយប្រទេសតាមក្រឡាផ្ទៃសរុប|ទី៥០]]) | area_label3 = បារាំងដីគោក ([[កាដាស្ត្រេ]]) | area_data3 = ៥៤៣,៩៤០ គម^២{{#tag:ref|ទិន្នន័យចុះបញ្ជីទឹកដីរបស់បារាំងដែលមិនរាប់បញ្ចូលបឹង ស្រះ និងផ្ទាំងទឹកកកធំជាង ១ គម^២ (២៤៧ ហិចតា) ក៏ដូចជាមាត់ទន្លេផងដែរ។|group="សម្គាល់"}}<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/comparateur.asp?codgeo=METRODOM-1|title=France Métropolitaine|publisher=INSEE|year=2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828051307/http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/comparateur.asp?codgeo=METRODOM-1|archive-date=28 សីហា 2015}}</ref> ([[បញ្ជីរាយប្រទេសតាមក្រឡាផ្ទៃសរុប|ទី៥០]]) |population_estimate = {{IncreaseNeutral}} ៦៧,៤១៣,០០០<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/en/statistiques/serie/001641607|title=Demography – Population at the beginning of the month – France|year=2019 |website=Insee|access-date=13 តុលា 2021}}</ref> |population_estimate_year = ២០២១ |population_estimate_rank = ទី២០ |population_density_km2 = ១១៦ |population_density_rank = ទី៨៩ |GDP_nominal = {{increase}} ២.៩៣៨ ទ្រីលានដុល្លារ<ref name="IMFWEOFR">{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/April/weo-report?c=132,&s=NGDP_RPCH,NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2016&ey=2026&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1|title=(អង់គ្លេស) World Economic Outlook Database, April 2021|publisher=មូលនិធិរូបិយវត្ថុអន្តរជាតិ |website=imf.org|access-date=13 តុលា 2021}}</ref> |GDP_nominal_rank = ទី៧ |GDP_nominal_year = ២០២១ |GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} ៤៤,៩៩៥ ដុល្លារ<ref name="IMFWEOFR"/> |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = ទី២៤ |GDP_PPP_year = ២០២១ |GDP_PPP = {{increase}} ៣.២៣២ ទ្រីលានដុល្លារ<ref name="IMFWEOFR"/> |GDP_PPP_rank = ទី៩ |GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} ៤៩,៤៩២ ដុល្លារ<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = ទី២៥ |Gini_year = ២០១៩ |Gini_change = increase <!-- increase/decrease/steady --> |Gini = 29.2 <!--អនុញ្ញាតតែលេខបារាំងប៉ុណ្ណោះ--> |Gini_ref = <ref name=eurogini>{{cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table?lang=en |title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey|publisher=[[Eurostat]] |website=ec.europa.eu |access-date=14 តុលា 2021}}</ref> |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = ២០១៩ |HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI = 0.901 <!--អនុញ្ញាតតែលេខបារាំងប៉ុណ្ណោះ--> |HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2020|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=15 December 2020|access-date=14 តុលា 2021}}</ref> |HDI_rank = ទី២៦ |currency = {{unbulleted list | [[អឺរ៉ូ]] ([[និមិត្តសញ្ញាអឺរ៉ូ|€]]) ([[ISO ៤២១៧|EUR]]){{#tag:ref|ត្រូវបានប្រើប្រាស់នៅក្នុងសាធារណរដ្ឋបារាំងទាំងមូលលើកលែងតែទឹកដីក្រៅស្រុកនៅឯមហាសមុទ្រប៉ាស៊ីហ្វិក|group="សម្គាល់"}} | [[ហ្វ្រង់ប៉ាស៊ីហ្វិក|ហ្វ្រង់]] (XPF){{#tag:ref|ទឹកដីក្រៅស្រុករបស់បារាំងនៅឯមហាសមុទ្រប៉ាស៊ីហ្វិក|group="សម្គាល់"}} }} |time_zone = [[ម៉ោងអឺរ៉ុបកណ្តាល]] |utc_offset = +១ |utc_offset_DST = +២ |time_zone_DST = [[ម៉ោងរដូវក្តៅអឺរ៉ុបកណ្តាល]] |date_format = dd/mm/yyyy ([[គ្រិស្តសករាជ|គ.ស.]]) |drives_on = ស្តាំ |calling_code = [[លេខទូរស័ព្ទនៅបារាំង|៣៣]] |sport_code = FRA |vehicle_code = F | electricity = 230 V–50 Hz |cctld = [[.fr]] }} '''ប្រទេសបារាំង''' ({{lang-fr|France}} ''ហ្វ្រង្សិ៍'') ដោយមានឈ្មោះផ្លូវការថា '''សាធារណរដ្ឋបារាំង''' គឺជា[[ប្រទេសឆ្លងទ្វីប]]មួយដែលមានទឹកដីចម្បងស្ថិតនៅតំបន់[[អឺរ៉ុបខាងលិច]]​និងមានទឹកដីក្រៅស្រុកមួយចំនួនស្ថិតនៅតាមទ្វីប[[អាមេរិកខាងត្បូង]] និងរួមទាំង[[មហាសមុទ្រអាត្លង់ទិក]] [[មហាសមុទ្រប៉ាស៊ីហ្វិក]] និង[[មហាសមុទ្រឥណ្ឌា]]។ [[បារាំងមាតុបុរៈ|តំបន់មាតុបុរៈ]]របស់ប្រទេសនេះលាតសន្ធឹងពីតំបន់[[រ៉ាំង (តំបន់)|រ៉ាំង]]នៅភាគខាងកើតទៅដល់[[មហាសមុទ្រអាត្លង់ទិក]]នៅភាគខាងលិច និងពី[[សមុទ្រ មេឌីទែរ៉ានេ|សមុទ្រមេឌីទែរ៉ានេ]]នៅភាគខាងត្បូងដល់[[ផ្លូវទឹកអង់គ្លេស]] និង[[សមុទ្រខាងជើង]]។ ទឹកដីក្រៅប្រទេសរួមមាន៖ [[គុយយ៉ានបារាំង]]នៅ[[អាមេរិកខាងត្បូង]] [[សង់ព្យែរនិងមីកូឡុង]]នៅសមុទ្រអាត្លង់ទិកខាងជើង [[ឥណ្ឌីបារាំងខាងលិច]] និងបណ្តុំកោះជាច្រើនទៀតនៅទ្វីប[[អូសេអានី]] និង[[មហាសមុទ្រឥណ្ឌា]]។ ដោយសារតែមានទឹកដីជាប់មាត់សមុទ្រច្រើន ប្រទេសបារាំងមាន[[តំបន់សេដ្ឋកិច្ចផ្តាច់មុខ]]ដ៏ធំបំផុតលើពិភពលោក។ នៅប៉ែកអឺរ៉ុប បារាំងមានព្រំប្រទល់ជាប់នឹងប្រទេស[[បែលហ្សិក]] [[លុចសំបួ]] [[អាល្លឺម៉ង់]] [[ស្វីស]] [[ម៉ូណាកូ]] [[អ៊ីតាលី]] [[អង់ដូរ៉ា]] និងប្រទេស[[អេស្ប៉ាញ]] រីឯនៅ[[ទ្វីបអាមេរិក]]វិញ វាមានព្រំប្រទល់ជាប់ប្រទេស[[ហុល្លង់]] [[ស៊ូរីណាម]] និងប្រទេស[[ប្រេស៊ីល]]។ បារាំងមាន[[តំបន់នៃបារាំង|តំបន់អាំងតេក្រាលចំនួនដប់ប្រាំបី]] (ប្រាំនៅក្រៅប្រទេស) ដែលលាតសន្ធឹងលើផ្ទៃដីសរុប ៦៤៣,៨០១ គីឡូម៉ែត្រក្ររ៉េ និងមានប្រជាជនជាង ៦៧ លាននាក់ (គិតត្រឹមខែឧសភា ឆ្នាំ២០២១)។<ref>{{cite web|website=The World Factbook|title=Field Listing :: Area|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.html|publisher=CIA|access-date=2 កុម្ភៈ 2022|archive-date=31 មករា 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140131115000/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.html|url-status=dead|archivedate=2014-01-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140131115000/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.html}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> ប្រទេសបារាំងគឺជា[[សាធារណរដ្ឋ]][[រដ្ឋឯកភូត|ឯកភូត]]ប្រកាន់[[ប្រព័ន្ធពាក់កណ្តាលប្រធានាធិបតីនិយម]] ដែលមានរដ្ឋធានីឈ្មោះថា[[ប៉ារីស]]ដោយវាត្រូវជាទីក្រុងធំបំផុតក្នុងប្រទេស និងជាមជ្ឈមណ្ឌលវប្បធម៌ និងពាណិជ្ជកម្មដ៏សំខាន់។ តំបន់ទីក្រុងសំខាន់ៗផ្សេងទៀតរួមមាន៖ [[លីយ៉ុង]] [[ម៉ាសែល]] [[ធូលូស]] [[ប័រដូ]] [[លីល]] និង[[នីស]]។ ទឹកដីបារាំងសព្វថ្ងៃបានទទួលវត្តមានមនុស្សដំបូងៗតាំងពីស័ក[[ប៉ាលេអូលីកទិកលើ|ប៉ាលេអូលីទិក]]មកម្លេះ ហើយទឹកដីមាតុបុរៈបារាំងត្រូវកុលសម្ព័ន្ធសែលតិកមួយក្រុមដែលគេស្គាល់ថា"[[ហ្គោល|ហ្គោល]]"ចូលមកតាំងទីលំនៅក្នុងអំឡុង[[យុគដែក]]។ ពួករ៉ូមបាន[[ហ្គោលរ៉ូម|កាត់តំបន់នេះបញ្ចូលជាផ្នែកមួយនៃទឹកដីខ្លួន]]នៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ ៥១ មុន គ.ស ដែលជាហេតុនាំឱ្យ[[វប្បធម៌ហ្កាល់ឡូ-រ៉ូម៉ាំង]]លេចឡើង និងត្រូវជាមូលដ្ឋានគ្រឹះនៃ[[ភាសាបារាំង]]។ ពួក[[ហ្វ្រង់]]ដែលជាក្រុន[[ជនជាតិជឺម៉ាំង]]មួយបានបង្កើត[[ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រហ្វ្រង់ស៊ា]] ហើយបានក្លាយជាមាតុបេះដូងនៃ[[ចក្រភពការអូលីនជាន]]។ [[សន្ធិសញ្ញាវ៉ែដុង]]នៃឆ្នាំ ៨៤៣ បានបែងចែកចក្រភពនោះដោយមានរដ្ឋ[[ហ្វ្រង់ស៊ាខាងលិច]]ក្លាយទៅជា[[ព្រះរាជាណាចក្របារាំង]]នៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ៩៨៧។ នៅ[[យុគសម័យកណ្តាល]] បារាំងបានក្លាយជាអាណាចក្រសក្តិភូមិដ៏មានឥទ្ធិពលមួយ ហើយមានវិមជ្ឈការខ្ពស់។ ស្តេច[[ហ្វីលីពទី២ (ព្រះមហាក្សត្របារាំង)|ហ្វីលីពទី២]] បានពង្រឹងអំណាចរាជវង្សប្រកបដោយជោគជ័យ ហើយបានកម្ចាត់ចោលនូវគូប្រជែងរបស់ទ្រង់ដើម្បីបង្កើនវិសាលភាពរាជ្យទឹកដីបារាំង។ នៅចុងរជ្ជកាលរបស់ព្រះអង្គ ប្រទេសបារាំងបានក្លាយទៅជារដ្ឋដ៏មានឥទ្ធិពលបំផុតនៅទ្វីបអឺរ៉ុប។ ចាប់ពីពាក់កណ្តាលសតវត្សទី១៤ ដល់ពាក់កណ្តាលសតវត្សទី១៥ ប្រទេសបារាំងបានធ្លាក់ចូលទៅក្នុងជម្លោះរាជវង្សជាបន្តបន្ទាប់ដែលមានប្រទេស[[ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រអង់គ្លេស|អង់គ្លេស]]ជាប់ពាក់ព័ន្ធ គេតែងសម្តៅលើជម្លោះនេះថា[[សង្រ្គាមមួយរយឆ្នាំ]] ហើយអត្តសញ្ញាណរបស់បារាំងថ្មីបានលេចឡើងជាលទ្ធផល។ នៅក្នុង[[សម័យបុនវុឌ្ឍិសិល្បៈ]] (''Renaissance'') ប្រទេសបារាំងបានឆ្លងកាត់វឌ្ឍនភាពសិល្បៈនិងវប្បធម៌ ជម្លោះជាមួយ[[រាជត្រកូលហាបស្បួក]] និងនិម្មិតកម្មនៃ[[ចក្រភពអាណានិគមបារាំង|ចក្រភពអាណានិគមលំដាប់ពិភពលោក]]ដែលដល់សតវត្សទី២០ វាក៏ក្លាយជាចក្រភពមហាអំណាចធំទីពីរនៅលើភពផែនដី។<ref>{{cite book |editor=Hargreaves, Alan G. |title=Memory, Empire, and Postcolonialism: Legacies of French Colonialism |publisher=Lexington Books |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-7391-0821-5 |page=1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UX8aeX_Lbi4C&pg=PA1}}</ref> នៅពាក់កណ្តាលទីពីរនៃសតវត្សទី១៦ បារាំងត្រូវប្រឈមនឹង[[សង្គ្រាមសាសនាបារាំង|សង្រ្គាមស៊ីវិលសាសនា]]រវាងអ្នកកាន់[[ព្រះសហគមន៍កាតូលិក|និកាយកាតូលិក]]និងពួក[[ហ៊ូហ្គូណូ]]ដែលជាហេតុនាំឱ្យប្រទេសចុះទន់ខ្សោយយ៉ាងខ្លាំង។ ប្រទេសបារាំងបានលេចចេញជាមហាអំណាចសារជាថ្មីនៅអឺរ៉ុបក្នុងសតវត្សទី១៧ ក្រោមការដឹកនាំរបស់ស្តេចនាម[[ល្វីទី១៤]] បន្ទាប់ពីទ្រង់បានបិទបញ្ចប់ឆាក[[សង្រ្គាមសាមសិបឆ្នាំ]]។<ref>{{cite book |author=R.R. Palmer |author2=Joel Colton |title=A History of the Modern World |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofmodernw00palm |url-access=registration |edition=5th |year=1978 |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofmodernw00palm/page/161 161]}}</ref> កង្វះគោលនយោបាយសេដ្ឋកិច្ច ពន្ធវិសមភាព និងសង្រ្គាមជាញឹកញាប់ (ជាពិសេសការបរាជ័យនៅក្នុង[[សង្គ្រាមប្រាំពីរឆ្នាំ]] និងការ[[បារាំងនៅក្នុងសង្គ្រាមឯករាជ្យអាមេរិក|ចូលធ្វើអន្តរាគមន៍]]នៅក្នុង[[សង្គ្រាមឯករាជ្យអាមេរិក]]) បាននាំឱ្យព្រះរាជាណាចក្រធ្លាក់ក្នុងស្ថានភាពសេដ្ឋកិច្ចមិនជាក់លាក់នៅចុងសតវត្សទី១៨។ បញ្ហាទាំងនេះបានធ្វើឱ្យ[[បដិវត្តន៍បារាំង]]ផ្ទុះឡើងនៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៧៨៩ ដែលជាលទ្ធផល [[របបចាស់ (បារាំង)|របបចាស់]] (''Ancien Régime'') ត្រូវបានគេផ្តួលរំលំ និងការបង្កើតនូវ[[សេចក្តីប្រកាសស្តីពីសិទ្ធិមនុស្ស និងសិទ្ធិពលរដ្ឋ|សេចក្តីប្រកាសសិទ្ធិមនុស្ស]] ដែលបង្ហាញពីឧត្តមគតិរបស់ប្រទេសនេះរហូតមកដល់ពេលបច្ចុប្បន្ន។ ប្រទេសបារាំងបានឈានដល់ចំណុចកំពូលខាងផ្នែកនយោបាយ និងយោធានៅដើមសតវត្សទី១៩ ក្រោមការដឹកនាំរបស់[[ណាប៉ូលេអុងបូណាប៉ារត៍]] ដោយពេលនោះបារាំងបានដណ្តើមកាន់កាប់ទឹកដីមួយភាគធំនៃទ្វីបអឺរ៉ុប ហើយបានបង្កើត[[ចក្រភពបារាំងទីមួយ]]ឡើង។ [[បដិវត្តន៍បារាំង]] និង[[សង្គ្រាមណាប៉ូលេអូនិក]]បានផ្លាស់ប្តូររូបរាងដំណើរប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រអឺរ៉ុប និងពិភពលោកទាំងមូល។ ការដួលរលំនៃចក្រភពទីមួយបាននាំឱ្យឥទ្ធិពលបារាំងធ្លាក់ចុះជាបន្តបន្ទាប់ ដែលក្នុងនោះប្រទេសបារាំងត្រូវប្រឈមនឹងវិបត្តិរដ្ឋាភិបាលរហូតដល់ការបង្កើតឡើងនៃ[[សាធារណរដ្ឋបារាំងទីបី]]នៅក្រោយ[[សង្គ្រាមបារាំង-ព្រុស]]ក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៨៧០។ នៅក្នុងទសវត្សរ៍បន្ទាប់ៗ គេបានឆ្លងកាត់សម័យសុទិដ្ឋិនិយមនៅបារាំងដូចជា ការរីកចម្រើនផ្នែកវប្បធម៌ និងវិទ្យាសាស្ត្រ ក៏ដូចជាភាពចម្រុងចម្រើនផ្នែកសេដ្ឋកិច្ចដែលគេនិយមស្គាល់ថា "[[សម័យសោភ័ណ]]" (''Belle Époque'')។ ប្រទេសបារាំងគឺជាប្រទេសមួយក្នុងចំណោមប្រទេសដែលចូលរួមក្នុង[[សង្គ្រាមលោកលើកទី១]] ដោយជាលទ្ធផល វាបានទទួលបានជ័យជម្នះតែត្រូវបាត់បង់ជីវិតមនុស្ស និងសេដ្ឋកិច្ចជាច្រើន។ ប្រទេសនេះក៏ជាប្រទេសមួយក្នុងចំណោម[[សម្ព័ន្ធមិត្តនៃសង្គ្រាមលោកលើកទី២|មហាអំណាចសម្ព័ន្ធមិត្ត]]នៃ[[សង្គ្រាមលោកលើកទី២]] ផងដែរប៉ុន្តែមិនយូរប៉ុន្មានវាក៏ត្រូវទទួលរងការត្រួតត្រាពីសំណាក់សត្រូវរបស់ខ្លួនហៅ [[មហាអំណាចអ័ក្ស]] នៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៤០។ បន្ទាប់ពីបានរំដោះនៅឆ្នាំ១៩៤៤ [[សាធារណរដ្ឋបារាំងទីបួន|សាធារណរដ្ឋទីបួន]]ដែលមានអត្ថិភាពដ៏ខ្លីត្រូវបានបង្កើតឡើង ហើយក្រោយមកត្រូវបានរំលាយនៅក្នុងដំណើរនៃ[[សង្គ្រាមអាល់ហ្សេរី]]។ [[សាធារណរដ្ឋបារាំងទីប្រាំ|សាធារណរដ្ឋទីប្រាំ]]បច្ចុប្បន្នត្រូវបានបង្កើតឡើងនៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៥៨ ដោយមហាវីរបុរសបារាំងគឺលោក[[សាល ដឺ ហ្គោល]]។ អាល់ហ្សេរី និងរួមទាំងទឹកដីអាណានិគមបារាំងភាគច្រើនបានទទួលឯករាជ្យនៅទសវត្សរ៍ឆ្នាំ១៩៦០ ដោយភាគច្រើនបានរក្សាទំនាក់ទំនងសេដ្ឋកិច្ច និងយោធាយ៉ាងជិតស្និទ្ធជាមួយបារាំងមកដល់សព្វថ្ងៃ។ ប្រទេសបារាំងរក្សាបាននូវឋានៈជាមជ្ឈមណ្ឌល[[សិល្បៈបារាំង|សិល្បៈ]] [[បញ្ជីរាយនាមអ្នកវិទ្យាសាស្ត្របារាំង|វិទ្យាសាស្ត្រ]] និង[[បញ្ជីរាយនាមទស្សនវិទូបារាំង|ទស្សនវិជ្ជាសកល]]។ វាជាប្រទេសដែលមានចំនួន[[បេតិកភណ្ឌពិភពលោកអង្គការយូណេស្កូ|បេតិកភណ្ឌពិភពលោកច្រើនបំផុតទីប្រាំ]]របស់អង្គការ[[យូណេស្កូ]] និងជាគោលដៅទេសចរណ៍ឈានមុខគេរបស់ពិភពលោកដោយទទួលបានភ្ញៀវទេសចរបរទេសជាង ៨៩ លាននាក់នៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ២០១៨។<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20190517-france-tourism-record-number-visitors-tourists-despite-yellow-vests-paris|title=(អង់គ្លេស) France posts new tourist record despite Yellow Vest unrest|date=17 May 2019|website=France 24}}</ref> ប្រទេសបារាំងគឺជា[[ប្រទេសអភិវឌ្ឍ]]មួយដែលមាន[[បញ្ជីរាយប្រទេសតាមផលិតផលក្នុងស្រុកសរុប (មធ្យម)|សេដ្ឋកិច្ចធំជាងគេទី ៧ នៅលើពិភពលោក]]បើគិតតាមផលិតផលក្នុងស្រុកសរុបជាមធ្យម និង[[បញ្ជីរាយប្រទេសតាមផលិតផលក្នុងស្រុកសរុប (យអទ)|ធំជាងគេទី ៩]] បើគិតតាមយុគភាពនៃអំណាចទិញ។ បើ​និយាយ​ពី​ទ្រព្យ​សម្បត្តិ​សរុប​តាម​គ្រួសារ វា​ជាប់​ចំណាត់​ថ្នាក់​ទី​បួន​នៅលើ​ពិភពលោក។<ref>{{cite web |date=October 2010 |url=http://piketty.pse.ens.fr/fichiers/enseig/ecoineg/EcoIneg_fichiers/DaviesShorrocks2010(CSGlobalWealthReport).pdf |title=Global Wealth Report |publisher=Credit Suisse |access-date=3 កុម្ភៈ 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109055804/http://piketty.pse.ens.fr/fichiers/enseig/ecoineg/EcoIneg_fichiers/DaviesShorrocks2010%28CSGlobalWealthReport%29.pdf |archive-date=9 វិច្ឆិកា 2014}}</ref> ប្រទេសបារាំងមានកម្រិត[[សន្ទស្សន៍អប់រំ|អប់រំ]] [[វិស័យសុខាភិបាលនៅបារាំង|ការថែទាំសុខភាព]] [[បញ្ជីរាយប្រទេសតាមអាយុសង្ឈឹមរស់|អាយុសង្ឃឹមរស់]] និង[[សន្ទស្សន៍អភិវឌ្ឍន៍មនុស្ស|ការអភិវឌ្ឍមនុស្ស]]ខ្ពស់។<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.who.int/whr/2000/media_centre/press_release/en/ |title=(អង់គ្លេស) World Health Organization Assesses the World's Health Systems |publisher=អង្គការសុខភាពពិភពលោក |date=8 December 2010 |access-date=3 កុម្ភៈ 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2006/WPP2006_Highlights_rev.pdf |title=World Population Prospects&nbsp;– The 2006 Revision |access-date=3 កុម្ភៈ 2022 |publisher=អសប}}</ref> បារាំងនៅតែអាចរក្សាតំណែងជា[[មហាអំណាច]]មួយបាននៅក្នុងកិច្ចការពិភពលោក<ref>Jack S. Levy, ''War in the Modern Great Power System, 1495–1975'', (2014) p. 29</ref> ដោយជាសមាជិកអចិន្ត្រៃយ៍មួយក្នុងចំណោម[[សមាជិកអចិន្ត្រៃយ៍នៃក្រុមប្រឹក្សាសន្តិសុខអង្គការសហប្រជាជាតិ|សមាជិកអចិន្ត្រៃយ៍ទាំងប្រាំ]]នៃ[[ក្រុមប្រឹក្សាសន្តិសុខអង្គការសហប្រជាជាតិ]] និងជា[[បញ្ជីរដ្ឋមានអាវុធនុយក្លេអ៊ែរ|រដ្ឋអាវុធនុយក្លេអ៊ែរ]]ផ្លូវការមួយផងដែរ។ ប្រទេសបារាំងគឺជាសមាជិកស្ថាបនិក និងឈានមុខគេនៃ[[សហភាពអឺរ៉ុប]] និង[[តំបន់អឺរ៉ូ]]<ref name="superficy" /> ក៏ដូចជាសមាជិកសំខាន់នៃ[[ក្រុមប្រាំពីរ]] (G7) [[អង្គការសន្ធិសញ្ញាអាត្លង់ទិកខាងជើង]] (អូតង់ ឬណាតូ) [[អង្គការសម្រាប់កិច្ចសហប្រតិបត្តិការ និងអភិវឌ្ឍន៍សេដ្ឋកិច្ច]] (OECD) និង [[អង្គការអន្តរជាតិនៃក្រុមប្រទេសនិយាយភាសាបារាំង|ហ្វ្រង់កូហ្វូនី]] (''Francophonie'')។ == និរុត្តិសាស្ត្រ == {{Main|ឈ្មោះនៃបារាំង}} The name "France" comes from the [[Latin]] ''{{lang|la|[[Francia]]}}'', which means "country of the [[Franks]]".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/History/DF_history.shtml |title=History of France |publisher=Discoverfrance.net |accessdate=17 July 2011 |archivedate=24 សីហា 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824051936/http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/History/DF_history.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> There are various theories as to the origin of the name Franks: one is that it is derived from the [[Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]] word ''frankon'' which translates as ''javelin'' or ''lance'' as the throwing axe of the Franks was known as a [[francisca]].<ref>{{cite book |last2=Blair |first2=Claude |last1=Tarassuk |first1=Leonid |url=http://books.google.com/?id=UJbyPwAACAAJ |year=1982 |title=The Complete Encyclopedia of Arms and Weapons: the most comprehensive reference work ever published on arms and armor from prehistoric times to the present with over 1,250 illustrations |page=186 |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |isbn=0-671-42257-X |accessdate=5 July 2011}}</ref> Another proposed etymology is that in an ancient [[Germanic languages|Germanic language]], Frank means ''[[Liberty|free]]'' as opposed to ''[[Slavery|slave]]''.{{citation needed|date=October 2013}} == ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ == {{Main|ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្របារាំង}} === សម័យបុរេប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ === {{Main|ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្របារាំងនៅសម័យបុរេប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ}} [[File:Lascaux2.jpg|thumb|left|One of the [[Lascaux]] paintings of which depicts a horse ([[Dordogne]], approximately 18,000 BC).]] The oldest traces of human life ([[homo]]) in what is now France date from approximately 1.8 million years ago.<ref name="Jean Carpentier 1987 p.17">Jean Carpentier (dir.), François Lebrun (dir.), Alain Tranoy, Élisabeth Carpentier et Jean-Marie Mayeur (préface de Jacques Le Goff), Histoire de France, Points Seuil, coll. « Histoire », Paris, 2000 (1re éd. 1987), p. 17 ISBN 2-02-010879-8</ref> Humans were then confronted by a hard and variable climate, marked by several glacial eras which led them to a [[nomad]]ic [[hunter-gatherer]] life.<ref name="Jean Carpentier 1987 p.17"/> France has a large number of decorated caves from the [[upper Paleolithic]] era, including one of the most famous and best preserved: [[Lascaux]]<ref name="Jean Carpentier 1987 p.17"/> (approximately 18,000 BC). At the end of the [[last glacial period]] (10,000 BC), the climate softened<ref name="Jean Carpentier 1987 p.17"/> and from approximately 7,000 BC, this part of Western Europe entered the [[Neolithic]] era and its inhabitants became [[Sedentary lifestyle|sedentary]]. After strong demographic and agricultural development between the 4th and 3rd millennia, metallurgy appeared at the end of the 3rd millennium, initially working gold, copper and bronze, and later iron.<ref>Carpentier et al 2000, pp. 20–24</ref> France has numerous [[megalith]]ic sites from the Neolithic period, including the exceptionally dense [[Carnac stones]] site (approximately 3,300 BC). === ហ្គូល === {{main|Gaul|Celts|Roman Gaul}} In 600 BC, [[Ionia]]n [[Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul|Greeks]], originating from [[Phocaea]], founded the [[Greek colonies|colony of Massalia]] (present-day [[Marseille]]), on the shores of the [[Mediterranean Sea]]. This makes it France's oldest city.<ref name="The Cambridge ancient history">{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=n1TmVvMwmo4C&pg=RA1-PA754 |title=The Cambridge ancient history|page=754 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |accessdate=23 January 2011|isbn=978-0-521-08691-2|year=2000}}</ref><ref name="Orrieux">{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=b8cA8hymTw8C&pg=PA62 |title=A history of ancient Greece|author=Claude Orrieux |page=62 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year= 1999|accessdate=23 January 2011|isbn=978-0-631-20309-4}}</ref> At the same time, some Gallic Celtic tribes penetrated parts of the current territory of France, and this occupation spread to the rest of France between the 5th and 3rd century BC.<ref>Carpentier et al 2000, p. 29</ref> [[File:MaisonCarrée.jpeg|thumb|The [[Maison Carrée]] was a temple of the [[Gallo-Roman culture|Gallo-Roman]] city of Nemausus (present-day [[Nîmes]]) and is one of the best preserved vestiges of the [[Roman Empire]].]] The concept of [[Gaul]] emerged at that time; it corresponds to the territories of Celtic settlement ranging between the [[Rhine]], the [[Atlantic Ocean]], the [[Pyrenees]] and the Mediterranean. The borders of modern France are roughly the same as those of ancient Gaul, which was inhabited by Celtic ''Gauls''. Gaul was then a prosperous country, of which the southernmost part was heavily subject to Greek and Roman influences. However, around 390 BC, the Gallic [[Tribal chief|chieftain]] [[Brennus (4th century BC)|Brennus]] and his troops made their way to Italy through the [[Alps]], defeated the Romans in the [[Battle of the Allia]], and besieged and [[ransom]]ed Rome. The Gallic invasion left Rome weakened and the Gauls continued to harass the region until 345 BC, when they entered into a formal peace treaty with Rome. But the Romans and the Gauls would maintain an adversarial relationship for the next several centuries and the Gauls would remain a threat in [[Italy (Roman Empire)|Italia]]. Around 125 BC, the south of Gaul was conquered by the Romans, who called this region ''{{lang|la|Provincia Romana}}'' ("Roman Province"), which over time evolved into the name [[Provence]] in French.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/?id=ZEIEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA76 |title=Life magazine, 13&nbsp;July 1953, p. 76 |publisher=Google Books |date=13 July 1953 |accessdate=23 January 2011}}</ref> [[Julius Caesar]] conquered the remainder of Gaul and overcame a revolt carried out by the Gallic chieftain [[Vercingetorix]] in 52 BC.<ref>Carpentier et al 2000, p.44-45</ref> Gaul was divided by [[Augustus]] into Roman provinces.<ref name=c53>Carpentier et al 2000, pp. 53–55</ref> Many cities were founded during the [[Roman Gaul|Gallo-Roman period]], including [[Lugdunum]] (present-day [[Lyon]]), which is considered to be the capital of the Gauls.<ref name=c53/> These cities were built in traditional Roman style, with a [[Roman Forum|forum]], a theatre, a [[circus]], an [[amphitheatre]] and [[thermal bath]]s. The Gauls mixed with Roman settlers and eventually adopted [[Romance languages|Roman]] speech ([[Latin]], from which the French language evolved) and Roman culture. The [[Religion in ancient Rome|Roman polytheism]] merged with the [[Celtic polytheism|Gallic paganism]] into the same [[syncretism]]. From the 250s to the 280s AD, Roman Gaul suffered a serious crisis with its "[[limes]]" or fortified borders protecting the Empire being attacked on several occasions by [[barbarian]]s.<ref name=c77>Carpentier et al 2000, pp. 76–77</ref> Nevertheless, the situation improved in the first half of the 4th century, which was a period of revival and prosperity for Roman Gaul.<ref>Carpentier et al 2000, pp. 79–82</ref> In 312, the emperor [[Constantine the Great|Constantin I]] converted to Christianity. Christians, persecuted until then, increased rapidly across the entire Roman Empire.<ref>Carpentier et al 2000, p. 81</ref> But, from the beginning of the 5th century, the [[Migration Period|Barbarian Invasions]] resumed,<ref>Carpentier et al 2000, p. 84</ref> and [[Germanic peoples|Germanic tribes]], such as the [[Vandals]], [[Suebi]] and [[Alans]] crossed the Rhine and settled in Gaul, Spain and other parts of the [[Decline of the Roman Empire|collapsing Roman Empire]].<ref>Carpentier et al 2000, pp. 84–88</ref> === Kingdom of Francia (3rd century–843) === {{Main|Francia|Merovingian dynasty|Carolingian dynasty}} {{See also|List of French monarchs|France in the Middle Ages}} At the end of the [[Late Antiquity|Antiquity]] period, ancient Gaul was divided into several Germanic kingdoms and a remaining Gallo-Roman territory, known as the [[Domain of Soissons|Kingdom of Syagrius]] (West). Simultaneously, [[Britons (historical)|Celtic Britons]], fleeing the [[Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain]], settled the western part of [[Armorica]]. As a result, the Armorican [[peninsula]] was renamed [[Brittany]], [[Celts|Celtic culture]] was revived and independent [[petty kingdom]]s arose in this region. [[File:Chlodwigs taufe.jpg|thumb|left|upright|With [[Clovis I|Clovis]]' conversion to Catholicism in 498, the [[List of Frankish kings|Frankish monarchy]], [[Elective monarchy|elective]] and [[Secular state|secular]] until then, became [[Hereditary monarchy|hereditary]] and of [[Divine right of kings|divine right]].]] The pagan [[Franks]], from whom the ancient name of "Francie" was derived, originally settled the north part of [[Gaul]], but under [[Clovis I]] conquered most of the other kingdoms in northern and central Gaul. In 498, Clovis I was the first Germanic conqueror after the fall of the Roman Empire to convert to Catholic Christianity, rather than [[Arianism]]; thus France was given the title "Eldest daughter of the Church" (''{{lang-fr|La fille aînée de l’Église}}'') by the papacy,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wf-f.org/03-1-France.html |title=Faith of the Eldest Daughter – Can France retain her Catholic heritage? |publisher=Wf-f.org |accessdate=17 July 2011 |archivedate=22 កក្កដា 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722112834/http://www.wf-f.org/03-1-France.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> and French kings would be called "the Most Christian Kings of France" (''{{lang|und|Rex Christianissimus}}''). The Franks embraced the Christian [[Gallo-Roman culture]] and ancient Gaul was eventually renamed ''[[Francia]]'' ("Land of the Franks"). The Germanic Franks adopted [[Romance languages|Romanic languages]], except in north Gaul where Roman settlements were less dense and where [[Germanic languages]] emerged. Clovis made Paris his capital and established the [[Merovingian dynasty]], but his kingdom would not survive his death. The Franks treated land purely as a private possession and divided it among their heirs, so four kingdoms emerged from Clovis's: Paris, [[Orléans]], [[Soissons]], and [[Reims|Rheims]]. The [[Roi fainéant|last Merovingian kings]] [[Power behind the throne|lost power]] to their [[Mayor of the Palace|mayors of the palace]] (head of household). One mayor of the palace, [[Charles Martel]], defeated an [[Islamic invasion of Gaul]] at the [[Battle of Tours]] (732) and earned respect and power within the Frankish kingdoms. His son, [[Pepin the Short]], seized the crown of Francia from the weakened Merovingians and founded the [[Carolingian dynasty]]. Pepin's son, [[Charlemagne]], reunited the Frankish kingdoms and built a vast empire across [[Western Europe|Western]] and Central Europe. Proclaimed [[Holy Roman Emperor]] by [[Pope Leo III]] and thus establishing in earnest the French government's longtime [[History of Roman Catholicism in France|historical association]] with the [[Catholic Church]],<ref name="georgetown1">{{cite web|url=http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/countries/france|title=France|publisher=[[Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs]]|accessdate=14 December 2011|archivedate=6 កុម្ភៈ 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110206213909/http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/countries/france|url-status=dead}} See drop-down essay on "Religion and Politics until the French Revolution"</ref> Charlemagne tried to revive the [[Western Roman Empire]] and its cultural grandeur. [[File:French borders from 985 to 1947.gif|thumb|[[Territorial evolution of France|French territorial evolution]] from 985 to 1947]] Charlemagne's son, [[Louis the Pious|Louis I]] (emperor 814–840), kept the empire united; however, this Carolingian Empire would not survive his death. In 843, under the [[Treaty of Verdun]], the empire was divided between Louis' three sons, with [[East Francia]] going to [[Louis the German]], [[Middle Francia]] to [[Lothair I]], and [[West Francia]] to [[Charles the Bald]]. West Francia approximated the area occupied by, and was the precursor, to modern France.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://history.howstuffworks.com/european-history/treaty-of-verdun.htm |title=Treaty of Verdun |publisher=History.howstuffworks.com |date=27 February 2008 |accessdate=17 July 2011}}</ref> During the 9th and 10th centuries, continually threatened by [[Viking expansion|Viking invasions]], France became a very decentralised state: the nobility's titles and lands became hereditary, and the authority of the king became more religious than secular and thus was less effective and constantly challenged by powerful noblemen. Thus was established [[feudalism]] in France. Over time, some of the king's vassals would grow so powerful that they often posed a threat to the king. For example, after the [[Battle of Hastings]] in 1066, [[William the Conqueror]] added "King of England" to his titles, becoming both the vassal to (as Duke of [[Normandy]]) and the equal of (as king of England) the king of France. === Kingdom of France (843–1791) === {{main|Kingdom of France|Capetian dynasty|Valois dynasty|Bourbon dynasty}} {{see also|List of French monarchs|France in the Middle Ages|Early modern France|Ancien Régime}} [[File:Joan of Arc miniature graded.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Joan of Arc]] led the French army to several important victories during the [[Hundred Years' War]] which paved the way for the final victory.]] The Carolingian dynasty ruled France until 987, when [[Hugh Capet]], Duke of France and Count of Paris, was crowned [[List of French monarchs|King of the Franks]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?groupid=1008&HistoryID=ab03&gtrack=pthc |title=History of France : The Capetian kings of France: AD 987–1328 |publisher=Historyworld.net |accessdate=21 July 2011}}</ref> His descendants {{ndash}} the [[House of Capet|Capetians]], the [[House of Valois]], and the [[House of Bourbon]] {{ndash}} progressively unified the country through wars and dynastic inheritance into the Kingdom of France, which was fully declared in 1190 by [[Philip II of France|Philip II Augustus]]. Gerbert d'Aurillac (Gerbert of Aurillac) was the first French pope; his reign as [[Pope Sylvester II]] lasted from 999 to 1003. The [[Albigensian Crusade]] was launched in 1209 to eliminate the heretical [[Catharism|Cathars]] in the south-western area of modern-day France. In the end, the Cathars were exterminated and the autonomous [[Counts of Toulouse|County of Toulouse]] was annexed into the kingdom of France.<ref>{{cite news | title = Massacre of the Pure | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,897752-2,00.html | newspaper = Time | location = New York | date = 28 April 1961 | access-date = 11 កក្កដា 2017 | archive-date = 20 មករា 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080120172908/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,897752-2,00.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> Later Kings expanded their territory to cover over half of modern continental France, including most of the North, Centre and West of France. Meanwhile, the royal authority became more and more assertive, centred around a [[Estates of the realm|hierarchically conceived society]] distinguishing [[French nobility|nobility]], clergy, and [[Estates General (France)|commoners]]. [[Charles IV of France|Charles IV the Fair]] died without an heir in 1328.<ref name="guerard">Albert Guerard, ''France: A Modern History'' ([[University of Michigan Press]]: Ann Arbor, 1959) pp. 100, 101.</ref> Under the rules of the [[Salic law]] the crown of France could not pass to a woman nor could the line of kingship pass through the female line.<ref name="guerard"/> Accordingly, the crown passed to Philip of Valois, a cousin of Charles, rather than through the female line to Charles' nephew, Edward, who would soon become [[Edward III of England]]. During the reign of [[Philip IV of France|Philip of Valois]], the French monarchy reached the height of its medieval power.<ref name="guerard"/> However, Philip's seat on the throne was contested by Edward III of England and in 1337, on the eve of the first wave of the [[Black Death]],<ref name = Encarta>{{cite web |url=http://encarta.msn.com/text_761568934___117/France.html |title=France VII |work=Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2009 |publisher=Webcitation.org |date= |accessdate=22 June 2012 |archivedate=29 សីហា 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090829034202/http://encarta.msn.com/text_761568934___117/France.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> England and France went to war in what would become known as the [[Hundred Years' War]].<ref>Don O'Reilly. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20061109043743/http://www.historynet.com/magazines/military_history/3031536.html Hundred Years' War: Joan of Arc and the Siege of Orléans]". ''TheHistoryNet.com''.</ref> The exact boundaries changed greatly with time, but French landholdings of the [[List of English monarchs|English Kings]] remained extensive for decades. With charismatic leaders, such as [[Joan of Arc]] and [[La Hire]], strong French counterattacks won back English continental territories. Like the rest of Europe, France was struck by the Black Death. Around 1340, France had a population of approximately 17 million,<ref>Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie (1987). "''[http://books.google.com/books?id=VT9rIMQFt2MC&pg=PA32 The French peasantry, 1450–1660]''". University of California Press. p. 32. ISBN 0-520-05523-3</ref> which by the end of the [[pandemic]] had declined by about one-half.<ref>Peter Turchin (2003). "''[http://books.google.com/books?id=mUoCrTUo-eEC&pg=PA179 Historical dynamics: why states rise and fall]{{Dead link|date=មករា 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}''". Princeton University Press. p. 179. ISBN 0-691-11669-5</ref> [[File:Francois Dubois 001.jpg|thumb|left|The [[St. Bartholomew's Day massacre]] (1572) was the climax of the [[French Wars of Religion]], which were brought to an end by the [[Edict of Nantes]] (1598).]] The [[French Renaissance]] saw a long set of wars, known as the [[Italian Wars]], between the Kingdom of France and the powerful [[Holy Roman Empire]]. It also saw the first standardization of the French language, which would become the official language of France and the language of Europe's aristocracy. French explorers, such as [[Jacques Cartier]] or [[Samuel de Champlain]], claimed lands in the Americas for France, paving the way for the expansion of the [[French colonial empire#First French colonial empire|First French colonial empire]]. The rise of Protestantism in Europe led France to a civil war known as the French Wars of Religion, where, in the most notorious incident, thousands of [[Huguenot]]s were murdered in the [[St. Bartholomew's Day massacre]] of 1572.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/516821/Massacre-of-Saint-Bartholomews-Day |title=Massacre of Saint Bartholomew’s Day |publisher=Britannica.com |accessdate=21 July 2011}}</ref> The Wars of Religion were ended by [[Henry IV of France|Henry IV]]'s [[Edict of Nantes]], which granted some freedom of religion to the Huguenots. Under [[Louis XIII of France|Louis XIII]], the energetic [[Cardinal Richelieu]] reinforced the centralization of the state, royal power and French dominance in Europe, foreshadowing the reign of [[Louis XIV]]. During Louis XIV's minority and the regency of [[Anne of Austria|Queen Anne]] and [[Cardinal Mazarin]], a period of trouble known as the [[Fronde]] occurred in France, which was at that time [[Franco-Spanish War (1635)|at war with Spain]]. This rebellion was driven by the great feudal lords and [[sovereign court]]s as a reaction to the [[Absolutism (European history)|rise of royal power]] in France. [[File:Rigaud Hyacinthe - Louis XIV, roi de France.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]], the "sun king" was the [[Absolute monarchy in France|absolute monarch of France]] and made France the leading European power.]] The monarchy reached its peak during the 17th century and the reign of Louis XIV. By turning powerful feudal lords into [[courtier]]s at the [[Palace of Versailles]], Louis XIV's personal power became unchallenged. Remembered for his numerous wars, he made France the leading European power. France possessed the largest population in Europe (see [[Demographics of France]]) and had tremendous influence over European politics, economy, and culture. French became the most-used language in diplomacy, science, literature and international affairs, and remained so until the 20th century.<ref name="Language and Diplomacy">{{cite web |url=http://www.nakedtranslations.com/en/2004/language-and-diplomacy/ |title=Language and Diplomacy |publisher=Nakedtranslations.com |accessdate=21 July 2011 |archivedate=21 កក្កដា 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721070018/http://www.nakedtranslations.com/en/2004/language-and-diplomacy/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> France obtained many overseas possessions in the Americas, Africa and Asia. Louis XIV [[Edict of Fontainebleau|revoked the Edict of Nantes]], forcing thousands of Huguenots into exile. Under [[Louis XV of France|Louis XV]], France lost [[New France]] and most of its [[French India|Indian possessions]] after its defeat in the [[Seven Years' War]], which ended in 1763. Its [[Metropolitan France|continental territory]] kept growing, however, with notable acquisitions such as [[Lorraine (region)|Lorraine]] (1766) and [[Corsica]] (1770). An unpopular king, Louis XV's weak rule, his ill-advised financial, political and military decisions, and his debauchery discredited the monarchy and arguably led to the French Revolution 15 years after his death.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/louis_xv.shtml |title=BBC History : Louis XV (1710–1774) |publisher=BBC |accessdate=21 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://webspace.qmul.ac.uk/cdhjones/documents/gn_pdf.pdf |title=Scholarly bibliography by Colin Jones (2002) |format=PDF |accessdate=21 July 2011}}</ref> [[Louis XVI of France|Louis XVI]], Louis XV's grandson, actively [[France in the American Revolutionary War|supported the Americans]], who were seeking their [[American Revolutionary War|independence from Great Britain]] (realized in the [[Treaty of Paris (1783)]]). The example of the [[American Revolution]] and the financial crisis which followed France's involvement in it were two of many contributing factors to the French Revolution. Much of the [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightenment]] occurred in French intellectual circles, and major scientific breakthroughs and inventions, such as the [[Antoine Lavoisier|discovery of oxygen]] (1778) and the first [[Montgolfier brothers|hot air balloon carrying passengers]] (1783), were achieved by French scientists. French explorers, such as [[Louis Antoine de Bougainville|Bougainville]] and [[Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse|Lapérouse]], took part in the [[European and American voyages of scientific exploration|voyages of scientific exploration]] through maritime expeditions around the globe. The Enlightenment philosophy, in which [[rationalism|reason]] is advocated as the primary source for [[Legitimacy (political)|legitimacy]] and [[authority]], undermined the power of and support for the monarchy and helped pave the way for the French Revolution. === Republics and Empires (1792–) === {{Main|French Revolution|ចក្រភពបារាំងទីមួយ|Second French Empire|French colonial empire}} {{See also|France in the 19th century|France in the 20th century}} [[File:Prise de la Bastille.jpg|thumb|The [[Storming of the Bastille]] on 14 July 1789 was the starting event of the [[French Revolution]].]] After the [[storming of the Bastille]] on 14 July 1789, the absolute monarchy was abolished and France became a [[Kingdom of France (1791–1792)|constitutional monarchy]]. Through the [[Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen]], France established fundamental rights for French citizens (who could only be male). The Declaration affirms "the natural and imprescriptible rights of man" to "liberty, property, security and resistance to oppression". It called for the destruction of aristocratic privileges and proclaimed freedom and equal rights for all men, as well as access to public office based on talent rather than birth. របបរាជានិយមត្រូវបានរឹតបន្តឹង ហើយប្រជាពលរដ្ឋទាំងអស់ត្រូវមានសិទ្ធិចូលរួមក្នុងដំណើរការនីតិបញ្ញត្តិ។ សេរីភាពនៃការបញ្ចេញមតិ និងសារព័ត៌មានត្រូវបានប្រកាស ហើយការចាប់ខ្លួនតាមអំពើចិត្តមិនត្រូវបានអនុញ្ញាត។ សេចក្តីថ្លែងការណ៍ក៏បានអះអាងនូវគោលការណ៍នៃអធិបតេយ្យភាពដ៏ពេញនិយម ដែលផ្ទុយពីសិទ្ធិដ៏ទេវភាពរបស់ស្តេចដែលកំណត់លក្ខណៈនៃរាជាធិបតេយ្យបារាំង និងសមភាពសង្គមក្នុងចំណោមប្រជាពលរដ្ឋ ដោយលុបបំបាត់ឯកសិទ្ធិរបស់អភិជន និងបព្វជិត។ While Louis XVI, as a [[Kingdom of France (1791–92)|constitutional king]], enjoyed popularity among the population, his disastrous [[flight to Varennes]] seemed to justify rumours he had tied his hopes of political salvation to the prospects of foreign invasion. His credibility was deeply undermined to the extent that the [[Abolished monarchy|abolition of the monarchy]] and establishment of a republic became an increasing possibility. European [[Declaration of Pillnitz|monarchies gathered]] against the new régime, to restore the French absolute monarchy. The foreign threat exacerbated France's political turmoil and deepened the sense of urgency among the various factions and [[War of the First Coalition|war was declared against Austria]] on 20 April 1792. [[Riot|Mob violence]] occurred during the [[10 August (French Revolution)|insurrection of 10 August 1792]]<ref>Censer, Jack R. and Hunt, Lynn. ''Liberty, Equality, Fraternity: Exploring the French Revolution.'' University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2004.</ref> and the [[September Massacres|following month]].<ref>Doyle, William. ''The Oxford History of The French Revolution.'' Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989. pp 191–192.</ref> As a result of this violence and the political instability of the constitutional monarchy, the [[French First Republic|Republic was proclaimed]] on 22 September 1792. [[File:Napoleon in 1806.PNG|thumb|left|upright|[[Napoleon]], [[Emperor of the French]], and his ''[[Grande Armée]]'' built a [[First French Empire|vast Empire]] across Europe. He helped spread the French revolutionary ideals and his legal reforms had a major influence worldwide.]] [[Louis XVI of France|Louis XVI]] was [[Trial of Louis XVI|convicted]] of [[treason]] and [[Execution of Louis XVI|guillotined]] in 1793. Facing increasing pressure from European monarchies, internal guerrilla wars and [[Counter-revolutionary|counterrevolution]]s (such as the [[War in the Vendée]] or the [[Chouannerie]]), the [[National Convention|young Republic]] fell into the [[Reign of Terror]]. Between 1793 and 1794, between 16,000 and 40,000 people were executed. In Western France, the civil war between the ''Bleus'' ("Blues", supporters of the Revolution) and the ''Blancs'' ("Whites", supporters of the Monarchy) lasted from 1793 to 1796 and led to the loss of between 200,000 and 450,000 lives.<ref>{{cite news | title = The Terror in the French Revolution | first = Marisa | last = Dr Linton | url = http://www.port.ac.uk/special/france1815to2003/chapter1/interviews/filetodownload,20545,en.pdf | newspaper = Kingston University | access-date = 2017-07-11 | archive-date = 2012-01-17 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120117152123/http://www.port.ac.uk/special/france1815to2003/chapter1/interviews/filetodownload%2C20545%2Cen.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="hussenet">Jacques Hussenet (dir.), ''« Détruisez la Vendée ! » Regards croisés sur les victimes et destructions de la guerre de Vendée'', La Roche-sur-Yon, Centre vendéen de recherches historiques, 2007</ref> Both foreign armies and French counterrevolutionnaries were crushed and the French Republic survived. Furthermore, it extended greatly its boundaries and established "[[French client republic|Sister Republics]]" in the surrounding countries. As the threat of a foreign invasion receded and France became mostly pacified, the [[Thermidorian Reaction]] put an end to [[Maximilien Robespierre|Robespierre]]'s rule and to the Terror. The [[Abolitionism in France|abolition of slavery]] and male [[universal suffrage]], enacted during this radical phase of the revolution, were cancelled by subsequent governments. After a [[French Directory|short-lived governmental scheme]], [[Napoleon|Napoleon Bonaparte]] [[18 Brumaire|seized control of the Republic]] in 1799 becoming [[French Consulate|First Consul]] and later [[Constitution of the Year XII|Emperor]] of the [[First French Empire|French Empire]] (1804–1814/1815). As a continuation of [[French Revolutionary Wars|the wars]] sparked by the European monarchies against the French Republic, changing sets of [[Napoleonic Wars|European Coalitions]] declared wars on Napoleon's Empire. His armies conquered most of continental Europe, while members of the [[House of Bonaparte|Bonaparte]] family were appointed as monarchs in some of the newly established kingdoms.<ref name="Blanning">{{cite news | title = Napoleon and German identity | first = Tim | last = Blanning | url = http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst?docId=5001329960 | newspaper = History Today | location = London | date = April 1998 | volume = 48 | access-date = 2017-07-11 | archive-date = 2012-05-13 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120513171824/http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst?docId=5001329960 | url-status = dead }}</ref> These victories led to the worldwide expansion of French revolutionary ideals and reforms, such as the [[Metric system]], the [[Napoleonic Code]] and the Declaration of the Rights of Man. After the catastrophic [[French invasion of Russia|Russian campaign]], Napoleon was [[War of the Sixth Coalition|defeated]] and the Bourbon monarchy [[Bourbon Restoration#First Restoration (1814)|restored]]. About a million Frenchmen died during the Napoleonic Wars.<ref name="Blanning"/> [[File:Douaumont Ossuary cemetery.JPG|thumb|[[Douaumont ossuary]]. With 4.3 million wounded from a population of only 39.6 million at the time, the Third French Republic sustained the highest [[World War I casualties|number of total casualties]] among the Allies during [[World War I]].]] After his [[Hundred Days|brief return]] from exile, Napoleon was finally defeated in 1815 at the [[Battle of Waterloo]], the monarchy was [[Bourbon Restoration#Second Restoration (1815)|re-established]] (1815–1830), with new constitutional limitations. The discredited Bourbon dynasty was overthrown by the [[July Revolution]] of 1830, which established the constitutional [[July Monarchy]], which lasted until 1848, when the [[French Second Republic]] was proclaimed, in the wake of the European [[Revolutions of 1848]]. The abolition of slavery and male [[universal suffrage]], both briefly enacted during the French Revolution were re-enacted in 1848. In 1852, the [[President of France|president of the French Republic]], [[Napoleon III|Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte]], Napoleon I’s nephew, was proclaimed emperor of the [[Second French Empire|second Empire]], as Napoleon III. He multiplied French interventions abroad, especially in [[Crimean War|Crimea]], in [[French intervention in Mexico|Mexico]] and [[Second Italian War of Independence|Italy]]. Napoleon III was unseated following defeat in the [[Franco-Prussian War]] of 1870 and his regime was replaced by the [[French Third Republic|Third Republic]]. France had [[French colonial empire|colonial possessions]], in various forms, since the beginning of the 17th century. In the 19th and 20th centuries, its [[List of largest empires|global overseas colonial empire]] extended greatly and became the second largest in the world behind the [[British Empire]]. Including [[metropolitan France]], the total area of land under French [[sovereignty]] almost reached 13 million square kilometres in the 1920s and 1930s, 8.6% of the world's land. [[File:De Gaulle-OWI.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Charles de Gaulle]] took an active part in all major events of the 20th century: a hero of World War I, leader of the [[Free French Forces|Free French]] during [[World War II]], he then became [[President of France|President]], where he facilitated decolonization, maintained France as a major power and overcame the [[May 1968 in France|revolt of May 1968]].]] France was a member of the [[Triple Entente]] when World War I broke out. A small part of Northern France was occupied, but France and its allies emerged victorious against the [[Central Powers]], at a tremendous human and material cost. World War I left 1.4&nbsp;million French soldiers dead, 4% of its population,<ref>{{cite news | title = France's oldest WWI veteran dies | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7199127.stm |work=BBC News | location = London | date = 20 January 2008 }}</ref> between 27 and 30% of the conscript classes of 1912–1915.<ref>Spencer C. Tucker, Priscilla Mary Roberts (2005). "''[http://books.google.cz/books?id=2YqjfHLyyj8C&pg=PR25 Encyclopedia Of World War I: A Political, Social, And Military History]''". ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1851094202</ref> The interbellum years were marked by [[Events preceding World War II in Europe|intense international tensions]] and a variety of social reforms introduced by the [[Popular Front (France)|Popular Front government]] ([[Annual leave]], [[Eight-hour day|working time reduction]], women in Government among others). France was occupied following the [[Nazi Germany|German]] ''[[Blitzkrieg]]'' campaign in World War II, with metropolitan France divided into a [[German military administration in occupied France during World War II|German occupation zone in the north]] and [[Vichy France]], a newly established authoritarian regime collaborating with Germany, in the south.<ref>"''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Q7ORlIpHKLEC&pg=PA368 Vichy France and the Jews]''". Michael Robert Marrus, Robert O. Paxton (1995). [[Stanford University Press]]. p. 368. ISBN 0-8047-2499-7</ref> The [[Allies]] and the [[French Resistance]] eventually emerged victorious from the [[Axis powers]] and French sovereignty was restored. The [[French Fourth Republic|Fourth Republic]] was established after World War II and saw spectacular economic growth (''les [[Trente Glorieuses]]''). Suffrage was extended to women in 1944. France was one of the founding members of [[NATO]] (1949). France attempted to [[First Indochina War|regain control of French Indochina]] but was defeated by the [[Viet Minh]] in 1954. Only months later, France faced a new [[Algerian War|conflict in Algeria]]. The debate over whether or not to keep control of [[French Algeria|Algeria]], then home to over one million [[Pied-Noir|European settlers]],<ref>{{cite news | title = In France, a War of Memories Over Memories of War | first = Michael | last = Kimmelman | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/05/arts/design/05abroad.html?_r=1 | newspaper=The New York Times | date = 4 March 2009 }}</ref> wracked the country and nearly led to civil war. In 1958, the weak and unstable Fourth Republic gave way to the [[French Fifth Republic|Fifth Republic]], which contained a strengthened Presidency.<ref>[http://seacoast.sunderland.ac.uk/~os0tmc/contem/fifth.htm From Fourth to Fifth Republic] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080523234726/http://seacoast.sunderland.ac.uk/~os0tmc/contem/fifth.htm |date=2008-05-23 }} – [[University of Sunderland]]</ref> In the latter role, Charles de Gaulle managed to keep the country together while taking steps to end the war. The Algerian War was concluded with the [[Évian Accords]] in 1962 that led to Algerian independence. France granted independence progressively to its colonies. A vestige of the colonial empire are the [[Overseas departments and territories of France|French overseas departments and territories]]. In the wake of the series of worldwide [[protests of 1968]], the [[May 1968 in France|revolt of May 1968]] had an enormous social impact. In France, it is considered to be the watershed moment when a conservative moral ideal (religion, patriotism, respect for authority) shifted towards a more liberal moral ideal. ប្រទេសបារាំងបានឈានមុខគេក្នុងប្រទេសជាសមាជិកសហភាពអឺរ៉ុបដែលកំពុងស្វែងរកទុនលើសន្ទុះនៃសហជីពរូបិយវត្ថុដើម្បីបង្កើតឧបករណ៍នយោបាយ ការការពារ និងសន្តិសុខរបស់សហភាពអឺរ៉ុបដែលមានការរួបរួម និងមានសមត្ថភាពជាងមុន។<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elysee.fr/elysee/anglais/speeches_and_documents/2004/declaration_by_the_franco-german_defence_and_security_council.1096.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051025215249/http://www.elysee.fr/elysee/anglais/speeches_and_documents/2004/declaration_by_the_franco-german_defence_and_security_council.1096.html|archivedate=25 October 2005|title=Declaration by the Franco-German Defense and Security Council |publisher=Elysee.fr |accessdate=21 July 2011}}</ref> {{anchor|Climate}} == ភូមិសាស្ត្រ == {{Main|Geography of France}} [[File:France cities.png|thumb|upright=1.5|center|A relief map of Metropolitan France, showing cities with over 100,000 inhabitants.]] [[Metropolitan France]] is situated mostly between latitudes [[41st parallel north|41°]] and [[51st parallel north|51° N]], and longitudes [[6th meridian west|6° W]] and [[10th meridian east|10° E]], on the western edge of Europe, and thus lies within the northern [[temperateness|temperate]] zone. From northeast to southwest, France shares borders with [[Belgium]], [[Luxembourg]], [[Germany]], [[Switzerland]], [[Italy]], [[Monaco]], [[Spain]] and [[Andorra]]. France also borders [[Suriname]] to its west and [[Brazil]] to its east and south, by way of the overseas region of [[French Guiana]], which is considered an integral part of the Republic.<ref name=France/> [[Corsica]] and the French mainland form [[Metropolitan France]]; [[Guadeloupe]], [[Martinique]], [[Réunion]], and [[Mayotte]] form, with French Guiana, the overseas regions. These two integral groupings, along with several [[overseas collectivity|overseas collectivities]] and [[French Southern and Antarctic Lands|one territory]], comprise the French Republic. The European territory of France covers {{convert|547030|km2|sqmi|0}},<ref name=France/> the largest among [[European Union]] members.<ref name = superficy>[http://europa.eu/about-eu/countries/member-countries/france/index_en.htm France] on Europa Official Site</ref> France possesses a wide variety of landscapes, from coastal plains in the north and west to mountain ranges of the [[Alps]] in the south-east, the [[Massif Central]] in the south-central and [[Pyrenees]] in the south-west. At {{convert|4810.45|m|ft|0}}<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.smh.com.au/environment/mont-blanc-shrinks-by-45cm-in-two-years-20091106-i0kk.html |title=Mont Blanc shrinks by {{convert|45|cm|2|abbr=on}} in two years |work=Sydney Morning Herald |date=6 November 2009 |accessdate=9 August 2010 |archive-date=14 កុម្ភៈ 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214082228/https://www.smh.com.au/environment/mont-blanc-shrinks-by-45cm-in-two-years-20091106-i0kk.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> above sea level, the highest point in Western Europe, [[Mont Blanc]], is situated in the Alps on the border between France and Italy. France also has extensive river systems such as the [[Seine]], the [[Loire]], the [[Garonne]], and the [[Rhone]], which divides the Massif Central from the Alps and flows into the Mediterranean Sea at the [[Camargue]]. Corsica lies off the Mediterranean coast. France's total land area, with its overseas departments and territories (excluding [[Adélie Land]]), is {{convert|674843|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}, 0.45% of the total land area on Earth. France possesses the second largest [[exclusive economic zone]] (EEZ) in the world,<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.developpementdurable.com/economie/2010/07/A2769/mediterranee-la-france-prend-le-controle-en-creant-une-zone-economique-exclusive.html Méditerranée : la France prend le contrôle en créant une zone économique exclusive] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430124908/http://www.developpementdurable.com/economie/2010/07/A2769/mediterranee-la-france-prend-le-controle-en-creant-une-zone-economique-exclusive.html |date=2011-04-30 }}</ref> covering {{convert|11035000|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}, approximately 8% of the total surface of all the EEZs of the world, just behind the US ({{convert|11351000|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}).<ref>According to a different calculation cited by the [[Pew Research Center]], the EEZ of France would be {{convert|10084201|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}, still behind the US ({{convert|12174629|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}), and still ahead of Australia ({{convert|8980568|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}) and Russia ({{convert|7566673|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}).</ref> === Climate === The north and northwest have a temperate climate, while a combination of maritime influences, [[latitude]] and altitude produce a varied climate in the rest of Metropolitan France.<ref name="climate">{{cite web |author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |year=2005 |url=http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/discovering-france_2005/france-from-to-z_1978/country_2004/geography_4405/geography_1507.html |title=Discovering France: Geography |accessdate=29 December 2006 |authorlink=Minister of Foreign Affairs (France) |archivedate=6 មករា 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070106121611/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/discovering-france_2005/france-from-to-z_1978/country_2004/geography_4405/geography_1507.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> In the south-east a [[Mediterranean climate]] prevails. In the west, the climate is predominantly [[oceanic climate|oceanic]] with a high level of rainfall, mild winters and cool to warm summers. Inland the climate becomes more [[continental climate|continental]] with hot, stormy summers, colder winters and less rain. The [[climate of the Alps]] and other mountainous regions is mainly [[alpine climate|alpine]], with the number of days with temperatures below freezing over 150 per year and snow cover lasting for up to six months. {{-}} <gallery> File:Aiguille1.jpg|[[Limestone]] cliffs of [[Normandy]] near [[Étretat]] File:Lavender field.jpg|[[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] vegetation ([[lavender]]) in [[Provence]] File:Beauce 3.jpg| The plains of the [[Beauce]] File:Aiguille du Dru 3.jpg|[[Alpine climate]] in the [[French Alps]] File:Verdon Trescaire.jpg|[[Verdon Gorge]] in Provence File:Weinberg Cote de Nuits.jpg | [[French wine|Vineyards]] in [[Côte de Nuits]], [[Burgundy (French region)|Burgundy]] File:Lac Vert de Fontanalbe.jpg|[[Alpine climate]] in [[Mercantour National Park]] File:Bora Bora - Mt Otemanu.jpg|[[Tropical climate]] in [[Bora Bora]] ([[French Polynesia]]) File:Pointe du van.jpg|[[Heathland]] in [[Pointe du Van]], Western [[Brittany]] File:PassesBassin.JPG|[[Oceanic climate]] and sandy beach in [[Arcachon Bay]] File:Piana Dardo dans les Calanche.jpg|Semi-arid climate in [[Corsica]] </gallery> === បរិស្ថាន === {{See also|Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy|National parks of France|Regional natural parks of France}} [[File:Parcs naturels français.svg|thumb|[[Regional natural parks of France|Regional]] (green) and [[National parks of France|National (pink) natural parks]] in France. Indicated in green and purple colour respectively.]] France was one of the first countries to create an environment ministry, in 1971.<ref>[http://www.ambafrance-ca.org/kid/pages_en/eco6.htm Protection of the Environment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110425005903/http://www.ambafrance-ca.org/kid/pages_en/eco6.htm |date=2011-04-25 }} on the [http://www.ambafrance-ca.org/spip.php?rubrique2 Official Site of the French Ambassy in Canada] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201052846/http://www.ambafrance-ca.org/spip.php?rubrique2 |date=2013-02-01 }}</ref> Although France is one of the most industrialised countries, it is ranked [[List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions|only seventeenth]] by carbon dioxide emissions, behind less populous nations such as Canada or Australia. This situation results from the France's decision to invest in [[nuclear power]] in 1974 after the [[1973 oil crisis]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf40.html |title=Nuclear Power in France |publisher=World-nuclear.org |accessdate=17 July 2011 |archivedate=19 កក្កដា 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719055222/http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf40.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> which now accounts for 75% of France's electricity production<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eoearth.org/article/Energy_profile_of_France |title=Energy profile of France |publisher=Eoearth.org |accessdate=17 July 2011}}</ref> and explains why France pollutes less than comparable countries.<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.usinenouvelle.com/article/co2-la-france-moins-pollueuse-grace-au-nucleaire.N133933 CO2 : la France mois pollueuse grâce au nucléaire]</ref><ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.ambafrance-cn.org/L-energie-nucleaire-en-France.html L'énergie nucléaire en France] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100701211529/http://www.ambafrance-cn.org/L-energie-nucleaire-en-France.html |date=2010-07-01 }} – Ambassade française en Chine</ref> Like all European Union members, France agreed to cut carbon emissions by at least 20% of 1990 levels by the year 2020,<ref>{{cite news|author=Ian Traynor and David Gow in Brussels |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2007/feb/21/climatechange.climatechangeenvironment |title=EU promises 20% reduction in carbon emissions by 2020 |work=The Guardian |location=London |date= 21 February 2007|accessdate=21 July 2011 }}</ref> in comparison the US agreed to a cut of 4% of its emissions.<ref name="Les quatre enjeux de Copenhague">{{fr icon}} [http://www.la-croix.com/Actualite/S-informer/Sciences/Les-quatre-enjeux-de-Copenhague-_NG_-2009-12-06-569870 Les quatres enjeux de Copenhague] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111125721/http://www.la-croix.com/Actualite/S-informer/Sciences/Les-quatre-enjeux-de-Copenhague-_NG_-2009-12-06-569870 |date=2012-01-11 }} – [[La Croix]]</ref> In 2009, French carbon dioxide emissions per capita was lower than the Chinese.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kanter |first=James |url=http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/07/01/emissions-soar-in-china-and-india/ |title=Per-Capita Emissions Rising in China |location=Beijing (China);China;Copenhagen (Denmark);France;India;Russia;United States |publisher=Green.blogs.nytimes.com |date=1 July 2010 |accessdate=21 July 2011}}</ref> France was set to impose a [[carbon tax]] in 2009 at 17 Euros per tonne of carbon emitted.<ref>{{cite news|author=By Reuters |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/11/business/global/11carbon.html |title=France Sets Carbon Tax at 17 Euros a Ton |location=France |work=The New York Times |date=10 September 2009 |accessdate=21 July 2011}}</ref> The carbon tax would have brought in 4&nbsp;billion Euros of revenue per year.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8248392.stm |title=France set to impose carbon tax |publisher=BBC News |date=10 September 2009 |accessdate=21 July 2011}}</ref> But the tax was abandoned for various reasons, including that French companies would have difficulty competing with companies in neighbouring countries that would not have to pay such steep taxes on carbon emissions. Instituting a carbon tax was an unpopular political move for President Sarkozy.<ref>{{cite news|last=Saltmarsh |first=Matthew |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/24/business/global/24iht-carbon.html |title=France Abandons Plan for Carbon Tax |location=France |work=The New York Times |date=23 March 2010 |accessdate=21 July 2011}}</ref> In 2010, a study at Yale and [[Columbia University|Columbia]] universities ranked France the seventh most environmentally conscious country in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://epi.yale.edu/dataexplorer/countryprofiles|title=Country Profiles -starts at Switzerland, click for France|publisher=Epi.yale.edu|accessdate=9 August 2010|archivedate=22 កញ្ញា 2012|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120922010211/http://epi.yale.edu/dataexplorer/countryprofiles|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.lemonde.fr/cgi-bin/ACHATS/acheter.cgi?offre=ARCHIVES&type_item=ART_ARCH_30J&objet_id=1125478&clef=ARC-TRK-NC_01 La France au 7ème rang mondial pour l'environnement]. [[Le Monde]]. 30 May 2010</ref> Forests account for 28% of the land area of France.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationmaster.com/red/graph/env_for_are_of_lan_are-environment-forest-area-of-land%26date%3D2005%26b_map%3D1 |title=Forest area by country |publisher=Nationmaster.com |accessdate=9 August 2010 |archivedate=23 កក្កដា 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723122206/http://www.nationmaster.com/red/graph/env_for_are_of_lan_are-environment-forest-area-of-land%26date%3D2005%26b_map%3D1 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.ifn.fr/spip/?rubrique83&lang=en Evolution of the French forest from 1984 to 1996] – French National Forest Inventory</ref> French forests are some of the most diversified of Europe, with more than 140 differents varieties of trees.<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.lepapier.fr/foret_france.htm Une situation privilégiée en France et en Europe] – Papier, bois et forêt</ref> There are nine [[national park]]s<ref>[http://www.parks.it/world/FR/Eindex.html Parks, Reserves, and Other Protected Areas in France] – [http://www.parks.it/indice/Epremessa.html The portal about parks in Italy]</ref> and 46 [[Protected area|natural park]]s in France.<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.parcs-naturels-regionaux.tm.fr/fr/accueil/ Fédération des parcs naturels régionaux de France] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100712003310/http://www.parcs-naturels-regionaux.tm.fr/fr/accueil/ |date=2010-07-12 }}</ref> France wants to convert 20% of its [[Exclusive economic zone|Exclusive Economic Zone]] to a [[Marine protected area|Marine Protected Area]] by 2020.<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.actu-environnement.com/ae/news/mer_grenelle_zee_meditarrane_borloo_aire_marine_8120.php4 La France veut créer une Zone Économique Exclusive en Méditérannée] – Actu-Environnement</ref> == លក្ខណៈទូទៅរបស់ប្រទេសបារាំង == [[ឯកសារ:Lavender field.jpg|thumb|left|]] [[ឯកសារ:Bora Bora - Mt Otemanu.jpg|thumb|left|]] [[ឯកសារ:Toulouse Capitole Night Wikimedia Commons.jpg|thumb|left|Place du Capitole]] [[ឯកសារ:France Loir-et-Cher Chambord Chateau 03.jpg|thumb|left| Château de Chambord]] === ផ្ទៃដី === មានផ្ទៃដីចំនួន ៥៥០០០០ គីឡូម៉ែត្រការេ។ ប្រទេសបារាំងលាតសន្ធឹងលើទឹកដីនៃទ្វីបអឺរ៉ុបភាគខាងលិច ប្រហែល១ភាគ១៥នៃផ្ទៃ ដីសហភាពអឺរ៉ុប ទាំងមូល ហើយជា ប្រទេសមួយដែលមានតំបន់សមុទ្រធំទូលាយ (ជា តំបន់សេដ្ឋកិច្ច ផ្ដាច់មុខលាតសន្ឋឹងលើផ្ទៃ១១លាន គម២)។ === ស្ថានភាពដី === * តំបន់ទំនាប ៖ ២/៣ នៃផ្ទៃដីទាំងមូល. * ប្រជុំភ្នំសំខាន់ៗ: ភ្នំអាល់ (Alpes) ភ្នំដែលមានកំពស់ខ្ពស់ជាងគេនៅអឺរ៉ុបភាគខាងលិច គឺភ្នំម៉ុងប្លង់ ដែលមានកំពស់ ៤៨០៧ម៉ែត្រ ភ្នំពីរេណ៉េ ភ្នំហ៊្សុយរ៉ា ភ្នំអាកឌែន ភ្នំម៉ាស៊្សីស សង់ត្រាល់ និងភ្នំវ៉ូហ្សឺ។ * តំបន់មាត់សមុទ្រ: ដោយមានព្រំប្រទល់ជាប់នឹងសមុទ្រចំនួន៤ សមុទ្រខាងជើង សមុទ្រឡាម៉ង់ មហាសមុទ្រ អាត្លង់ទិច និងសមុទ្រម៉េឌីទែរ៉ាណេ ប្រទេសបារាំងមាន ឆ្នេរសរុបប្រវែង ៥៥០០គីឡូម៉ែត្រ។ * ដែនដីសំខាន់ហ៊ុំព័ទ្ឋដោយ [[មហាសមុទ្រអាត្លង់ទិក]]នៅខាងលិច [[សមុទ្រម៉ង់]] និង [[សមុទ្រខាងជើង]](la mer du Nord)នៅខាងជើង ប្រទេស[[បែលហ្ស៊ីក]] [[លុចហ្សំបួរ]] [[អាលឺម៉ង់]] [[ស្វីស]]និង[[អ៊ីតាលី]] នៅខាងកើត និងដោយ [[សមុទ្រមេឌីទែរ៉ានេ]] ប្រទេស[[អង់ដូរ៉ា]] [[ម៉ូណាកូ]] និង[[អេស្បាញ]]នៅខាងត្បូង។ * ដែនដីឯនាយសមុទ្រមាន [[ហ្គុយយ៉ាន]](la Guyane)និង[[កោះសាំងម៉ាតាំង]]( l’île de Saint-Martin)នៅ[[ទ្វីបអាមេរិកខាងត្បូង]] , [[ប៉ូលីនេស៊ីបារាំង]]( la Polynésie française) [[វ៉ាលីនិងហ្វុទុណា]](Wallis-et-Futuna) [[ណូវ៉ែលកាលេដូនី]](la Nouvelle-Calédonie) និងកោះ[[ខ្លីបពឺតុង]](l’Île Clipperton) នៅ[[មហាសមុទ្រប៉ាស៊ីហ្វិក]] , [[ឡារ៉េអ៊ុយនីញ៉ុង]](La Réunion) [[ម៉ាយ៉ុត]](Mayotte) និងកោះ[[អេប៉ាស]](Îles Éparses)នៅ[[មហាសមុទ្រឥណ្ឌា]] , [[ដែនដែអូស្ត្រាល់និងអង់តាទិកបារាំង]] (les Terres australes et antarctiques françaises)​នៅ[[ទ្វីបអូសេអានី]]និង[[មហាសមុទ្រអង់តាទិក]] , [[ហ្គាដឺលូប]](la Guadeloupe) [[ម៉ាទីនីក]](la Martinique) [[កោះសាំងម៉ាតាំង]](l’île Saint-Martin)​[[កោះសាំងបេទេលេមី]](l’île Saint-Barthélemy) នៅ[[សមុទ្រការ៉ាអ៊ីប]]។ === អាកាសធាតុ === ប្រទេសបារាំងស្ថិតក្រោមឥទ្ធិពលអាកាសធាតុ៣ប្រភេទ៖ * ផ្នែកខាងលិចនៃប្រទេសបារាំងទទួលរងឥទ្ធិពលអាកាសធាតុមហាសមុទ្រ * ផ្នែកខាងត្បូងទទួលរងឥទ្ធិពលអាកាសធាតុម៉េឌីទេរ៉ាណេ * ភាគកណ្ដាល និងខាងកើតទទួលរងឥទ្ធិពលអាកាសធាតុពីដែនទ្វីបជាអាកាសធាតុក្ដៅ ត្រជាក់ខ្លាំង ។ === បរិស្ថាន === [[ឯកសារ:Louis XIV of France.jpg|thumb|upright|Louis XIV of France]] [[ឯកសារ:Versailles Garden.jpg|thumb|right|Château de Versailles]] [[ឯកសារ:Declaration of Human Rights.jpg|thumb|upright|Declaration of Human Rights]] តំបន់ផលិតផលកសិកម្ម និងព្រៃឈើគ្របដណ្ដប់លើផ្ទៃដី៤៨លានហិកតា គឺស្មើនឹង៨២%នៃផ្ទៃដីគោក។ ព្រៃ​ក្រាស់​លាត​សន្ធឹង​លើ​២៦%​នៃ​ផ្ទៃ​ដី​ហើយ​ជាប់​ចំណាត់​ថ្នាក់​លេខ​៣នៅអឺរ៉ុប បន្ទាប់ពី ស៊ុយអែដ និងហ្វាំងឡង់ ។ ផ្ទៃដីព្រៃឈើនៅប្រទេសបារាំងបានកើន៤៦%ចាប់តាំងពីឆ្នាំ១៩៤៥ ហើយនឹងកើន​ឡើង​ទ្វេ​ដង​ក្នុង​រយៈពេល២០០ឆ្នាំ។ លើលពីនេះ គេឃើញមាន ដើមឈើចំនួន១៣៦ប្រភេទផ្សេងគ្នានៅក្នុងប្រទេសបារាំង ដែលនេះគឺជាករណីពិសេសមួយសំរាប់​ប្រទេស​​នៅ​ក្នុងទ្វីបអឺរ៉ុប។<br /><br /> ចំនួនសត្វព្រៃមាន ការកើនឡើង ក្នុងរយៈពេលតែ២០ឆ្នាំ សត្វប្រើសមានចំនួនកើន ឡើងទ្វេ ដង រីឯពពួកសត្វឈ្លូសវិញកើនឡើងបីដង។<br /><br /> ដើម្បីថែរក្សា និងលើកតំកើងបេតិកភណ្ឌធម្មជាតិរបស់ប្រទេសបារាំង រដ្ឋបានបង្កើត ៖ * ឧទ្យានជាតិចំនួន៧ * តំបន់ការពារធម្មជាតិ១៥៦កន្លែង * តំបន់ការពាររុក្ខជាតិ និងសត្វចំនួន៥១៦កន្លែង * តំបន់រមណីដ្ឋាន ៤២៩កន្លែង ស្ថិតក្រោមការការពាររបស់ការិយាល័យការពារដែន សមុទ្រ * រាប់បញ្ចូលផងដែរនូវឧទ្យានធម្មជាតិ៤៣កន្លែង។<br /> នៅលើឆាកអន្ដរជាតិ ប្រទេសបារាំងជាភាគីនៃសន្ធិសញ្ញា និងអនុសញ្ញាជាច្រើនក្នុងនោះ មានទាំង អនុសញ្ញា អង្គការសហប្រជាជាតិស្ដីអំពីអា-កាសធាតុ ជីវៈចំរុះ និងការប្រែក្លាយ ជាតំបន់រហស្ថាន។ == ប្រជាសាស្ត្រ == {{Main|Demographics of France|French people}} [[File:France population density 40pc.png|thumb|Population density in the French Republic at the 1999 census.]] With an estimated population of 66&nbsp;million people in July 2013, France is the [[List of countries by population#List|21st most populous country in the world]].<ref name=France/> In 2004, the Institut Montaigne estimated there were 51 million (85%) white people, 6 million (10%) North African people, 2 million (3.5%) black people and 1 million (1.5%) people of Asian origin in Metropolitan France.<ref>[[Yazid Sabeg]] et Laurence Méhaignerie, [http://www.conventioncitoyenne.com/documents/oubliesdelegalite.pdf Les oubliés de l'égalité des chances], [[Institut Montaigne]], January 2004</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/node/13377324 |title=France's ethnic minorities: To count or not to count |publisher=The Economist |date=26 March 2009 |accessdate=25 April 2013}}</ref> In 2003, France's natural population growth (excluding immigration) was responsible for almost all natural population growth in the European Union. The natural growth rate (excess of births over deaths) rose to 300,000 in 2006,<ref name=evol>{{fr icon}} {{cite web|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/detail.asp?reg_id=0&ref_id=bilan-demo&page=donnees-detaillees/bilan-demo/pop_age3.htm#evol-gen-sit-demo-fe|title=Évolution générale de la situation démographique, France|first=Government of France|last=INSEE|accessdate=20 January 2011}}</ref> its highest since the end of the [[baby boom]] in 1973. The [[total fertility rate]] rose to 2 in 2010,<ref name=population>{{fr icon}} {{cite web|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/document.asp?ref_id=ip1332|title=Bilan démographique 2010|first=[[Government of France]]|last=[[INSEE]]|accessdate=20 January 2011}}</ref> from a nadir of 1.7 in 1994.<ref>{{fr icon}} {{cite web|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/irweb/sd2008/dd/excel/sd2008_t44_fe.xls|title=Tableau 44 – Taux de fécondité générale par âge de la mère|first=Government of France|last=INSEE|accessdate=20 January 2011}}</ref> From 2006 to 2011 population growth was on average +0.6% per year.<ref name=evol /> In 2010, 27% of newborns in metropolitan France had at least one [[Immigration to France#Immigration per region|foreign-born]] parent and 24% had at least one parent born outside of Europe (parents born in overseas territories are considered as born in France).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/detail.asp?ref_id=ir-sd20101 |title=Naissances selon le pays de naissance des parents 2010 |publisher=Insee.fr |date= |accessdate=1 October 2013}}</ref> In 2008, the French national institute of statistics [[INSEE]] estimated that 11.8 million foreign-born immigrants and their direct descendants (born in France) lived in France, representing 19% of the country's population. More than 5 million are of European origin and 4 million of [[Maghrebis|Maghrebi]] origin. There are 2.7 million immigrants aged 18–50 (accounting for 10% of the population aged 18–50) and 5 million altogether (8% of the entire population). The second generation aged 18–50 make up 3.1 million (12% of 18–50) and 6.5 million for all ages (11% of population)<ref>[http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/document.asp?reg_id=0&ref_id=ip1287 Être né en France d’un parent immigré], [[Insee Première]], n°1287, mars 2010, Catherine Borrel et Bertrand Lhommeau, Insee</ref><ref name="Insee_1">[http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id=0&ref_id=immigrespaysnais Répartition des immigrés par pays de naissance 2008], Insee, October 2011</ref><ref name="INSEE1">{{fr icon}} {{cite web |author=INSEE |url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/ffc/ipweb/ip1098/ip1098.html#encadre1 |title=Enquêtes annuelles de recensement 2004 et 2005 |date=25 January 2005|accessdate=14 December 2006|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20061212212050/http%3A//www.insee.fr/fr/ffc/ipweb/ip1098/ip1098.html#encadre1 |archivedate = 12 December 2006|deadurl=yes}}</ref> In 2008, France granted citizenship to 137,000 persons, mostly to people from Morocco, Algeria and Turkey.<ref>{{cite news | title = Turks and Moroccans top list of new EU citizens | first = Andrea | last = Swalec | url = http://in.reuters.com/article/2010/07/06/idINIndia-49921620100706 | agency = Reuters | date = 6 July 2010 | access-date = 11 កក្កដា 2017 | archive-date = 12 មករា 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120112223503/http://in.reuters.com/article/2010/07/06/idINIndia-49921620100706 | url-status = dead }}</ref> Although it is illegal for the French state to collect data on ethnicity and ancestry, a law with its origins in the 1789 revolution and reaffirmed in the [[French Constitution]] of 1958, some surveys, like the TeO ("Trajectories and origins") survey conducted jointly by [[INED]] and [[INSEE]] in 2008, are allowed to.<ref>[http://teo_english.site.ined.fr/ "TRAJECTORIES AND ORIGINS" Survey on population diversity in France] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111202054910/http://teo_english.site.ined.fr/ |date=2011-12-02 }}, Insee 2008</ref><ref name="Oppenheimer">{{cite journal |last=Oppenheimer |first=David B. |year=2008| title=Why France needs to collect data on racial identity...in a French way |journal=Hastings International and Comparative Law Review |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=735–752 |url=http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1236362}}</ref> Before this survey, it was estimated that 5 million people were of [[Italian people|Italian]] ancestry (the most numerous immigrant community),<ref name="amazon.com">Roben Cohen [http://www.amazon.com/The-Cambridge-Survey-World-Migration/dp/0521444055 The Cambridge survey of world Migration] 24 November 1995</ref> between 3 million<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/frances-crisis-of-national-identity-1826942.html |location=London |work=The Independent | title=France's crisis of national identity | date=25 November 2009}}</ref> and 6 million<ref>"Les personnes d'origine maghrébine y sont également au nombre de 5 à 6 millions; 3,5 millions ont la nationalité française (dont 500 000 harkis)", Évelyne Perrin, ''Identité Nationale, Amer Ministère'', L'Harmattan, 2010, p. 112 ISBN 2-296-10839-3</ref> people are of [[Maghrebis|North African]] ancestry, 2.5&nbsp;million people are of [[Afro-French|Sub-Saharan Africa]]n ancestry, 200,000 people are of [[Turks in France|Turkish]] ancestry,<ref>{{cite web|author=Falila Gbadamassi |url=http://www.afrik.com/article16248.html |title=Les personnes originaires d'Afrique, des Dom-Tom et de la Turquie sont 5,5 millions dans l'Hexagone |publisher=Afrik.com |date= |accessdate=30 September 2013}}</ref> and many more are of other [[European ethnic groups|European ethnic ancestry]], such as [[Spaniards]], [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]], [[Poles]], and [[Greeks]].<ref name="amazon.com"/><ref>{{cite news | title = Europe's Minority Politicians in Short Supply | first = Keith B. | last = Richburg | url = http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A12396-2005Apr23.html | newspaper=The Washington Post | date = 24 April 2005 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title = In officially colorblind France, blacks have a dream – and now a lobby | first = Susan | last = Sachs | url = http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0112/p01s04-woeu.html | newspaper=The Christian Science Monitor | location = Boston, MA | date = 12 January 2007 }}</ref> បច្ចុប្បន្ននេះ វាត្រូវបានគេប៉ាន់ប្រមាណថា 40% នៃប្រជាជនបារាំងត្រូវបានចុះមកយ៉ាងហោចណាស់មួយផ្នែកពីរលកផ្សេងគ្នានៃអន្តោប្រវេសន៍ដែលប្រទេសបានទទួល។<ref>{{cite news | title = Paris Riots in Perspective | url = http://abcnews.go.com/International/story?id=1280843 | work=ABC News | location = New York | date = 4 November 2005 }}</ref> Between 1921 and 1935 about 1.1&nbsp;million net immigrants came to France.<ref>"''[http://books.google.com/books?id=uUsLAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA22 Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. III. French Government and the Refugees]''". American Philosophical Society, James E. Hassell (1991). p. 22. ISBN 0-87169-817-X</ref> An estimated 1.6&nbsp;million ''[[pieds noirs]]'' returned to France as the country's North African possessions gained independence.<ref>{{cite news | title = For Pieds-Noirs, the Anger Endures | first = James M. | last = Markham | url = http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DEFDE1539F935A35757C0A96E948260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all | newspaper=The New York Times | date = 6 April 1988 }}</ref><ref>Raimondo Cagiano De Azevedo (1994). ''"[http://books.google.com/books?id=N8VHizsqaH0C&pg=PA25 Migration and development co-operation.]"''. p. 25.</ref> France accepts about 200,000 legal immigrants each year.<ref>[http://www.ined.fr/fr/pop_chiffres/france/flux_immigration/depuis_1994/ Statistiques détaillées sur les flux d'immigration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120523053018/http://www.ined.fr/fr/pop_chiffres/france/flux_immigration/depuis_1994/ |date=2012-05-23 }}, Ined, 2011</ref> France is the leading [[refugee|asylum]] destination in Western Europe with an estimated 50,000 applications in 2005 (a 15% decrease from 2004).<ref name="UNHCR">{{cite web |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |year=2006 |url=http://www.unhcr.org/publ/PUBL/4492677f0.pdf |title=UNHCR Global Report 2005: Western Europe |accessdate=14 December 2006 |format=PDF}}</ref> The European Union allows free movement between the member states, France however put in place controls to curb [[Eastern European]] migration. The [[List of cities in France over 20,000 population (1999 census)|largest cities]] in France, in terms of metropolitan area population, are Paris (11,836,970), [[Lyon]] (1,757,180), [[Marseille]] (1,618,369), [[Lille]] (1,163,934), [[Toulouse]] (1,118,472), [[Bordeaux]] (1,009,313), [[Nice]] (999,678), [[Nantes]] (768,305). A perennial political issue concerns [[rural flight]]. === Language === {{main|French language|Languages of France}} {{See also|Language policy in France|Organisation internationale de la Francophonie}} [[File:New-Map-Francophone World.svg|thumb|upright=2|France's legacy: a map of the [[French language|Francophone]] world {{legend|#0c5eb1|native language}} {{legend|#0080ff|administrative language}} {{legend|#9fceff|secondary or non-official language}} {{legend|#00ff00|francophone minorities}}]] According to Article 2 of the Constitution, the official language of France is French,<ref>{{fr icon}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20110604145028/http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/html/constitution/constitution2.htm#titre2 La Constitution- La Constitution du 4 Octobre 1958] – Légifrance</ref> a [[Romance language]] derived from [[Latin]]. Since 1635, the [[Académie française]] has been France's official authority on the French language, although its recommendations carry no legal power. រដ្ឋាភិបាលបារាំងមិនគ្រប់គ្រងជម្រើសនៃភាសាក្នុងការបោះពុម្ពដោយបុគ្គលនោះទេ ប៉ុន្តែការប្រើប្រាស់ភាសាបារាំងត្រូវបានទាមទារដោយច្បាប់ក្នុងការទំនាក់ទំនងពាណិជ្ជកម្ម និងកន្លែងធ្វើការ។ In addition to mandating the use of French in the territory of the Republic, the French government tries to promote French in the European Union and globally through institutions such as [[La Francophonie]]. The perceived threat from [[anglicisation]] has prompted efforts to safeguard the position of the French language in France. Besides French, there exist 77 vernacular minority languages of France, eight spoken in French metropolitan territory and 69 in the French [[Overseas departments and territories of France|overseas territories]]. From the 17th to the mid-20th century, French served as the pre-eminent international language of diplomacy and international affairs as well as a [[lingua franca]] among the educated classes of Europe.<ref name=exception>Joffre Agnes [http://www.franceinlondon.com/en-Article-335-Is-the-French-obsession-with-cultural-exception-declining-Culture--london-language.html ls the French obsession with "cultural exception" declining?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111017023619/http://www.franceinlondon.com/en-Article-335-Is-the-French-obsession-with-cultural-exception-declining-Culture--london-language.html |date=2011-10-17 }}. France in London. 5 October 2008</ref> The dominant position of French language in international affairs was overtaken by English, since the emergence of the US as a major power.<ref name="Language and Diplomacy"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.diplomacy.edu/language/Translation/default.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719183516/http://www.diplomacy.edu/language/Translation/default.htm |archivedate=19 July 2011 |title=Language and Diplomacy – Translation and Interpretation |publisher=Diplomacy.edu |accessdate=10 September 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legallanguage.com/legal-articles/language-of-diplomacy/ |title=Why Is French Considered the Language of Diplomacy? |publisher=Legallanguage.com |accessdate=23 January 2011}}</ref> Though for most of the time in which French served as an international lingua franca, it was not the native language of most Frenchmen: a report in 1794 conducted by [[Henri Grégoire]] found that of the country's 25 million people, only three million spoke French natively; the rest spoke one of the country's many regional languages, such as [[Alsatian language|Alsatian]], [[Breton language|Breton]] or [[Occitan language|Occitan]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.languefrancaise.net/dossiers/dossiers.php?id_dossier=66 |title=Rapport Grégoire an II |access-date=2017-07-11 |archivedate=2008-04-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080405022802/http://www.languefrancaise.net/dossiers/dossiers.php?id_dossier=66 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Through the expansion of public education, in which French was the sole language of instruction, as well as other factors such as increased urbanization and the rise of mass communication, French gradually came to be adopted by virtually the entire population, a process not completed until the 20th century. As a result of France's extensive [[French colonial empire|colonial ambitions]] between the 17th and 20th centuries, French was introduced to America, Africa, Polynesia, South-East Asia, and the Caribbean. French is the second most studied foreign language in the world after English,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.intstudy.com/articles/practicalfrench.htm |title=The International Education Site |publisher=Intstudy.com |accessdate=23 January 2011 |archivedate=27 កុម្ភៈ 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110227075911/http://www.intstudy.com/articles/practicalfrench.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> and is a lingua franca in some regions, notably in Africa. The legacy of French as a living language outside Europe is mixed: it is nearly extinct in some former French colonies (South-east Asia), while creoles and pidgins based on French have emerged in the French departments in the [[West Indies]] and the South Pacific ([[French Polynesia]]). On the other hand, many former French colonies have adopted French as an official language, and the total number of French speakers is increasing, especially in Africa. It is estimated that between 300 million<ref>{{cite web|url=http://about-france.com/french/french-language.htm |title=French: one of the world's main languages |publisher=About-france.com |accessdate=21 July 2011}}</ref> and 500 million<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/francophonie/francophonie.htm Qu'est-ce que la Francophonie ?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110623113030/http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/francophonie/francophonie.htm |date=2011-06-23 }} – [[Organisation internationale de la Francophonie]]</ref> people worldwide can speak French, either as a [[mother tongue]] or a [[second language]]. === សាសនា === {{Main|Religion in France}} [[File:Facade de la Cathédrale de Reims - Parvis.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Notre-Dame de Reims]] is the Roman Catholic cathedral where the [[Coronation of the French monarch|kings of France were crowned]] until 1825.<ref>The last ''sacre'' was that of [[Charles X of France|Charles X]], 29 May 1825.</ref> ]] France is a [[secular]] country, and [[freedom of religion]] is a constitutional right. French religious policy is based on the concept of ''[[laïcité]]'', a strict [[separation of church and state]] under which public life is kept completely secular. [[Catholicism]] has been the predominant religion in France for more than a millennium, though it is not as actively practised today as it was. Among the 47,000 religious buildings in France, 94% are [[Roman Catholic]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Observatoire du patrimoine religieux|url=http://www.patrimoine-religieux.fr/rubriques/gauche/actualites/actualites-de-la-base-de-donnees|date=1 February 2012|quote=94 % des édifices sont catholiques (dont 50 % églises paroissiales, 25 % chapelles, 25 % édifices appartenant au clergé régulier)|access-date=11 កក្កដា 2017|archivedate=26 វិច្ឆិកា 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126171213/http://www.patrimoine-religieux.fr/rubriques/gauche/actualites/actualites-de-la-base-de-donnees|url-status=dead}}</ref> Whilst in 1965, 81% of the French declared themselves to be Catholics, in 2009 this proportion was 64%. Moreover, whilst 27% of the French went to Mass once a week or more in 1952, only 5% did so in 2006.<ref name=catho>{{fr icon}} [http://www.la-croix.com/Religion/S-informer/Actualite/La-France-reste-catholique-mais-moins-pratiquante-_NG_-2009-12-29-570979 La France reste catholique mais moins pratiquante] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827200652/http://www.la-croix.com/Religion/S-informer/Actualite/La-France-reste-catholique-mais-moins-pratiquante-_NG_-2009-12-29-570979 |date=2016-08-27 }} – La Croix. 29 December 2009</ref> The same survey found that [[Protestantism|Protestants]] accounted for 3% of the population, an increase from previous surveys, and 5% adhered to other religions, with the remaining 28% stating they had no religion.<ref name=catho/> Evangelical Christianity may be the fastest growing religion in France.<ref>{{cite web|author=Robert Marquand |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/2012/0712/In-a-France-suspicious-of-religion-evangelicalism-s-message-strikes-a-chord |title=In a France suspicious of religion, evangelicalism's message strikes a chord|publisher=Christian Science Monitor|date=12 July 2012 |accessdate=25 April 2013}}</ref> The [[French Revolution]] saw a radical shift in the status of the Catholic Church with the launch of a brutal [[Dechristianisation of France during the French Revolution|campaign of de-Christianization]]. After the back and forth of Catholic royal and secular republican governments over the 19th century, ''laïcité'' was established with the [[1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State|1905 law on the Separation of the Churches and the State]].<ref name="georgetown2">{{cite web |url=http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/countries/france |title=France |publisher=[[Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs]] |accessdate=14 December 2011 |archivedate=6 កុម្ភៈ 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110206213909/http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/countries/france |url-status=dead }}</ref> According to a poll in January 2007,<ref>{{cite web |author=Catholic World News |year=2003 |url=http://www.catholicculture.org/news/features/index.cfm?recnum=48547 |title=France is no longer Catholic, survey shows |accessdate=19 December 2009}}</ref> only 5% of the French population attended church regularly (10% attend church services regularly among the respondents who did identify themselves as Catholics). The poll showed<ref name="religion">{{ro icon}} [http://old.cotidianul.ro/franta_nu_mai_e_o_tara_catolica-20395.html Franţa nu mai e o ţară catolică] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812025725/http://old.cotidianul.ro/franta_nu_mai_e_o_tara_catolica-20395.html |date=2011-08-12 }}, ''[[Cotidianul]]'' 11 January 2007</ref> 51% identified as being Catholics, 31% identified as being agnostics or [[atheism|atheists]] ''(another poll<ref>La Vie, issue 3209, 1 March 2007 {{Fr icon}}</ref> sets the proportion of atheists equal to 27%)'', 10% identified as being from other religions or being without opinion, 4% identified as Muslim, 3% identified as Protestant, 1% identified as [[Buddhism|Buddhist]], 1% identified as Jewish. Meanwhile, an independent estimate by the politologist Pierre Bréchon in 2009 concluded that the proportion of Catholics had fallen to 42% while the number of atheists and agnostics had risen to 50%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.la-croix.com.prd-jsp.bayardweb.com/documents/doc.jsp?docId=2389007&rubId=786 |title=" Sur la religion, les Français restent dubitatifs " – A la Une |work=La Croix |location=France |date=14 August 2009 |accessdate=30 October 2010}}</ref> Estimates of the number of [[Islam in France|Muslims in France]] vary widely. In 2003, the French Ministry of the Interior estimated the total number of people of Muslim background to be between 5 and 6 million (8–10%).<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2004/apr/23/france.islam France to train imams in 'French Islam'], The Guardian</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2005/51552.htm |title=France – International Religious Freedom Report 2005 |publisher=State.gov |accessdate=30 October 2010}}</ref> According to the Pewforum, "In France, proponents of a 2004 law banning the wearing of religious symbols in schools say it protects Muslim girls from being forced to wear a headscarf, but the law also restricts those who want to wear headscarves – or any other “conspicuous” religious symbol, including large Christian crosses and Sikh turbans – as an expression of their faith"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pewforum.org/uploadedFiles/Topics/Issues/Government/restrictions-fullreport.pdf |title=Global Restrictions on Religion. Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life. Washington. 2009 |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=1 October 2013 |archivedate=23 កក្កដា 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723124338/http://www.pewforum.org/uploadedFiles/Topics/Issues/Government/restrictions-fullreport.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The current [[Jews in France|Jewish community in France]] numbers around 600,000 according to the [[World Jewish Congress]] and is the largest in Europe. Since 1905 the French government has followed the principle of ''[[laïcité]]'', in which it is prohibited from recognising any specific right to a religious community (except for legacy statutes like that of military chaplains and the [[local law in Alsace-Moselle]]). Instead, it merely recognises ''religious organisations'', according to formal legal criteria that do not address religious doctrine. Conversely, religious organizations should refrain from intervening in policy-making.<ref>Joy of Sects, Sam Jordison, 2006, p. 166</ref> Certain bodies of beliefs such as [[Scientology]], [[Children of God (New Religious Movement)|Children of God]], the [[Unification Church]], or the [[Order of the Solar Temple]] are considered [[cult]]s ("''[[sect#Corresponding words in other European languages|sectes]]''" in French),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/rap-enq/r2468.asp |title=Commission d’enquête sur les sectes |publisher=Assemblee-nationale.fr |accessdate=30 October 2010}}</ref> and therefore do not have the same status as religions in France. ''Secte'' is considered a pejorative term in France.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.understandfrance.org/France/Society2.html |title=Society2 ; religion in France ; beliefs ; secularism (laicité) |publisher=Understandfrance.org |accessdate=20 September 2009 |archivedate=16 កញ្ញា 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090916220047/http://www.understandfrance.org/France/Society2.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> === សុខភាព === {{Main|Health in France}} [[File:P1000513 Paris XIII Salpetrière reductwk.JPG|thumb|The [[Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital]], a teaching hospital in Paris, one of Europe's largest hospitals.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070117112822/http://www.paris-region.com/ard_uk/upload/document/D176.pdf How to conduct European clinical trials from the Paris Region ?] Clinical Trials. Paris. February 2003</ref>]] The [[Health in France|French healthcare system]] was ranked first worldwide by the [[World Health Organization]] in 1997<ref>[http://www.photius.com/rankings/healthranks.html The ranking, see spreadsheet details for a whole analysis] photius.com</ref> and then again in 2000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.who.int/healthinfo/paper30.pdf |title=Measuring Overall Health System Performance for 191 Countries |format=PDF |accessdate=21 July 2011}}</ref> Care is generally free for people affected by [[chronic disease]]s (''affections de longues durées'') such as cancer, AIDS or [[Cystic Fibrosis]]. Average life expectancy at birth is 78 years for men and 85 years for women, one of the highest of the European Union.<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id=98&ref_id=CMPTEF02216 Espérance de vie, taux de mortalité et taux de mortalité infantile dans le monde], [http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id=0&ref_id=NATnon02229 Evolution de l'espérance de vie à divers âges] – [[INSEE]]</ref> There are 3.22 physicians for every 1000 inhabitants in France,<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.statistiques-mondiales.com/medecins.htm Nombre de médecins pour 1000 habitants] – Statistiques mondiales</ref> and average health care spending per capita was US$4,719 in 2008.<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.statistiques-mondiales.com/sante.htm Dépenses de santé par habitants] – Statistiques mondiales</ref> As of 2007, approximately 140,000 inhabitants (0.4%) of France are living with HIV/AIDS.<ref name =France/> Even if the [[Frenchmen|French]] have the reputation of being one of the thinnest peoples in developed countries, <ref name = obesity>[http://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/03/world/europe/03iht-obese.html Even the French are fighting obesity] – The NY Times</ref><ref name=daily>{{cite web|last=Wahlgren |first=Eric |url=http://www.dailyfinance.com/2009/11/14/frances-obesity-crisis-all-those-croissants-really-do-add-up/|date=14 November 2009 |title=France's obesity crisis: All those croissants really do add up, after all |publisher=Dailyfinance.com |accessdate=21 July 2011}}</ref><ref name = Telegraph>{{cite news|last=Lambert |first=Victoria |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/dietandfitness/3353715/The-French-children-learning-to-fight-obesity.html |title=The French children learning to fight obesity |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |date=8 March 2008 |accessdate=9 August 2010 }}</ref><ref name = bloomberg>[http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/jul2001/nf2001073_981.htm Why So Few French Are Fat] – Bloomberg Businessweek</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Mimi Spencer |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2004/nov/07/foodanddrink.features11 |title=Let them eat cake |work=The Guardian |location=London |date= 7 November 2004|accessdate=21 July 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.streetdirectory.com/travel_guide/24041/e_diet/the_french_diet___eat_drink_and_be_thin.html |title=The French diet : Eat, Drink, and be Thin |publisher=Streetdirectory.com |accessdate=9 August 2010}}</ref> France—like other rich countries—faces an increasing and recent epidemic of [[obesity]], due mostly to the replacement of traditional healthy French cuisine by [[junk food]] in French eating habits.<ref name=obesity/><ref name=daily/><ref name = obesity2>[http://www.foodnavigator.com/Science-Nutrition/France-heading-for-US-obesity-levels-says-study France heading for US obesity levels says study] – Food Navigator</ref> Nevertheless, the French obesity rate is far below that of the USA (for instance, obesity rate in France is the same that the American once was in the 1970s<ref name = daily/>), and is still the lowest of Europe,<ref name = bloomberg/><ref name = obesity2/> but it is now regarded by the authorities as one of the main public health issues<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nutraingredients.com/Regulation/New-French-food-guidelines-aimed-at-tackling-obesity |title=New French food guidelines aimes at tabkling obesity |publisher=Nutraingredients.com|date=14 September 2006 |accessdate=9 August 2010}}</ref> and is fiercely fought; rates of childhood obesity are slowing in France, while continuing to grow in other countries.<ref>{{cite web |author=Petah Marian |url=http://www.just-food.com/analysis/france-urged-to-get-tough-on-child-obesity_id102509.aspx |title=France urged to get tough on child obesity |publisher=Just-food.com |date=23 May 2008 |accessdate=9 August 2010 |archivedate=26 ធ្នូ 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101226205551/http://www.just-food.com/analysis/france-urged-to-get-tough-on-child-obesity_id102509.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> === ការអប់រំ === [[File:Absolute BNUS 01.JPG|thumb|The [[Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire|National and University Library]] on the campus of the [[University of Strasbourg]].]] {{main|Education in France}} {{See also|History of education in France|Baccalauréat}} In 1802, [[Napoleon]] created the [[lycée]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/352505/lycee |title=Lycée |publisher=Britannica.com |accessdate=22 July 2011}}</ref> Nevertheless it is [[Jules Ferry]] who is considered to be the father of the French modern school, which is free, secular, and compulsory until the age of 13 since 1882<ref>{{fr icon}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20110605080546/http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/site-jeunes/laicite/fiche-dates/fiche-1881-1882/fiche.pdf 1881–1882 : Lois Ferry École publique gratuite, laïque et obligatoire]. Assemblé Nationale</ref> (school attendance in France is now compulsory until the age of 16<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.senat.fr/rap/l97-504/l97-5041.html II. L'évolution du contenu de l'obligation scolaire]. Sénat.fr</ref>). Nowadays, the schooling system in France is centralized, and is composed of three stages, primary education, secondary education, and higher education. The [[Programme for International Student Assessment]], coordinated by the [[OECD]], currently ranks France's education as the 25th best in the world, being neither significantly higher nor lower than the OECD average.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/42/8/39700724.pdf |title=Range of rank on the PISA 2006 science scale |format=PDF |accessdate=22 July 2011}}</ref> Primary and secondary education are predominantly public, run by the [[Minister of National Education (France)|Ministry of National Education]]. [[Education in France#Higher education|Higher education in France]] is divided between [[Universities in France|public universities]] and the prestigious and selective ''[[Grandes écoles]]'', such as [[Sciences Po Paris|Science Po Paris]] for Political studies, [[HEC Paris]] for Economics, [[Polytechnique]] and the [[École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris]] that produces high-profile engineers, or the [[École nationale d'administration]] for careers in the great corps of the State. The ''Grandes écoles'' have been criticised for alleged [[elitism]],<ref name="gécoles">{{fr icon}} [http://www.lefigaro.fr/formation/2010/01/08/01015-20100108ARTFIG00525-les-grandes-ecoles-dans-la-tourmente-.php Les grandes écoles dans la tourmente] – [[Le Figaro]]</ref> nevertheless they have produced many if not most of France's high-ranking civil servants, CEOs, and politicians. === ប្រជាជន === [[ឯកសារ:Andrea Appiani 002.jpg|thumb|right|[[ណាប់ប៉ូឡេអុងទី១]] ]] មានប្រជាជនរស់នៅ៦៣,៨ លាននាក់ (២០០៨)។ ដង់សីតេប្រជាជន: ៩៨,១ នាក់/គម^២។ទីក្រុងដែលមានប្រជាជនរស់នៅលើសពី ១០០ ០០០នាក់ មានចំនួន៥៧។ ក្នុងនោះមានទីក្រុង៥ ដែលមានប្រជាជន រស់នៅច្រើនជាងគេ ៖ {| class="wikitable" |- ! ទីក្រុង !ប្រជាជនក្នុងឆ្នាំ២០០៦ |- | 1. បារីស | ៩,៦ លាន |- | 2. លីល | ១,៧ លាន |- | 3. លីយ៉ុង | ១,៤ លាន |- | 4. ម៉ាកសី | ១,៣ លាន |- | 5. ទូលូ | ១ លាន |} == Administrative divisions == {{Main|Administrative divisions of France|Regions of France|Departments of France}} {{See also|Metropolitan Area (France)|List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants (2006 census)}} France is divided into 27 administrative [[Regions of France|regions]].<ref name=France/> 22 are in [[metropolitan France]] (21 are on the continental part of metropolitan France; one is the territorial collectivity of [[Corsica]]), and five are [[overseas region]]s. The regions are further subdivided into 101 [[Departments of France|departments]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.myfrenchproperty.com/departments/departments.php |title=Departments of France |language={{fr icon}} |publisher=Myfrenchproperty.com |accessdate=21 July 2011 |archivedate=14 កក្កដា 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714142645/http://www.myfrenchproperty.com/departments/departments.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> which are numbered (mainly alphabetically). This number is used in postal codes and vehicle number plates amongst others. The 101 departments are subdivided into 341 [[Arrondissements of France|arrondissements]] which are, in turn, subdivided into 4,051 [[Cantons of France|cantons]]. These cantons are then divided into 36,697 [[Communes of France|communes]], which are municipalities with an elected municipal council. There are 2,588 [[Communes in France#Intercommunality|intercommunal]] entities grouping 33,414 of the 36,697 communes (i.e. 91.1% of all the communes). Three communes, Paris, Lyon and Marseille are subdivided into 45 [[Municipal arrondissements of France|municipal arrondissements]]. The regions, departments and communes are all known as [[territorial collectivity|territorial collectivities]], meaning they possess local assemblies as well as an executive. Arrondissements and cantons are merely administrative divisions. However, this was not always the case. Until 1940, the arrondissements were territorial collectivities with an elected assembly, but these were suspended by the [[Vichy France|Vichy regime]] and definitely abolished by the [[French Fourth Republic|Fourth Republic]] in 1946. === Metropolitan regions === [[File:France departements regions narrow.jpg|thumb|The 22 [[regions of France|regions]] and 96 [[departments of France|departments]] of metropolitan France includes Corsica (''Corse'', lower right). Paris area is expanded (inset at left)]] {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" |- ! Region ! Departments ! [[Prefectures in France|រដ្ឋធានី]] |- | {{Coat of arms|Alsace}} | [[Bas-Rhin]], [[Haut-Rhin]] | {{Coat of arms|Strasbourg}} |- | {{Coat of arms|Aquitaine}} | [[Dordogne]], [[Gironde]], [[Landes (department)|Landes]], [[Lot-et-Garonne]], [[Pyrénées-Atlantiques]] | {{Coat of arms|Bordeaux}} |- | {{Coat of arms|Auvergne (region)|text=[[Auvergne (region)|Auvergne]]}} | [[Allier]], [[Cantal]], [[Haute-Loire]], [[Puy-de-Dôme]] | {{Coat of arms|Clermont-Ferrand}} |- | {{Coat of arms|Brittany|text=[[Brittany (administrative region)|Brittany]]}} | [[Côtes-d'Armor]], [[Finistère]], [[Ille-et-Vilaine]], [[Morbihan]] | {{Coat of arms|Rennes}} |- | {{Coat of arms|Burgundy (French region)|text=[[Burgundy]]}} | [[Côte-d'Or]], [[Nièvre]], [[Saône-et-Loire]], [[Yonne]] | {{Coat of arms|Dijon}} |- | {{Coat of arms|Centre (French region)|text=[[Centre (French region)|Centre]] }} | [[Cher (department)|Cher]], [[Eure-et-Loir]], [[Indre]], [[Indre-et-Loire]], [[Loiret]], [[Loir-et-Cher]] | {{Coat of arms|Orléans}} |- | {{Coat of arms|Champagne-Ardenne}} | [[Ardennes (department)|Ardennes]], [[Aube]], [[Haute-Marne]], [[Marne]] | {{Coat of arms|Châlons-en-Champagne}} |- | {{Coat of arms|Corsica}} | [[Corse-du-Sud]], [[Haute-Corse]] | {{Coat of arms|Ajaccio}} |- | {{Coat of arms|Franche-Comté}} | [[Doubs]], [[Haute-Saône]], [[Jura (department)|Jura]], [[Territoire de Belfort]] | {{Coat of arms|Besançon}} |- | {{Coat of arms|Île-de-France (region)|text=[[Île-de-France (region)|Île-de-France]]}} | [[Essonne]], [[Hauts-de-Seine]], [[ប៉ារីស]], [[Seine-et-Marne]], [[Seine-Saint-Denis]], [[Val-de-Marne]], [[Val-d'Oise]], [[Yvelines]] | {{Coat of arms|Paris}} |- | {{Coat of arms|Languedoc-Roussillon}} | [[Aude]], [[Gard]], [[Hérault]], [[Lozère]], [[Pyrénées-Orientales]] | {{Coat of arms|Montpellier}} |- | {{Coat of arms|Limousin (region)|text=[[Limousin (region)|Limousin]]}} | [[Corrèze]], [[Creuse]], [[Haute-Vienne]] | {{Coat of arms|Limoges}} |- | {{Coat of arms|Lorraine (region)|text=[[Lorraine (region)|Lorraine]]}} | [[Meurthe-et-Moselle]], [[Meuse]], [[Moselle]], [[Vosges]] | {{Coat of arms|Metz}} |- | {{Coat of arms|Lower Normandy}} | [[Calvados]], [[Manche]], [[Orne]] | {{Coat of arms|Caen}} |- | {{Coat of arms|Midi-Pyrénées}} | [[Ariège]], [[Aveyron]], [[Gers]], [[Haute-Garonne]], [[Hautes-Pyrénées]], [[Lot (department)|Lot]], [[Tarn (department)|Tarn]], [[Tarn-et-Garonne]] | {{Coat of arms|Toulouse}} |- | {{Coat of arms|Nord-Pas-de-Calais}} | [[Nord (French department)|Nord]], [[Pas-de-Calais]] | {{Coat of arms|Lille}} |- | {{Coat of arms|Pays de la Loire}} | [[Loire-Atlantique]], [[Maine-et-Loire]], [[Mayenne]], [[Sarthe]], [[Vendée]] | {{Coat of arms|Nantes}} |- | {{Coat of arms|Picardy}} | [[Aisne]], [[Oise]], [[Somme]] | {{Coat of arms|Amiens}} |- | {{Coat of arms|Poitou-Charentes}} | [[Charente]], [[Charente-Maritime]], [[Deux-Sèvres]], [[Vienne]] | {{Coat of arms|Poitiers}} |- | {{Coat of arms|Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur}} | [[Alpes-de-Haute-Provence]], [[Alpes-Maritimes]], [[Bouches-du-Rhône]], [[Hautes-Alpes]], [[Var (department)|Var]], [[Vaucluse]] | {{Coat of arms|Marseille}} |- | {{Coat of arms|Rhône-Alpes}} | [[Ain]], [[Ardèche]], [[Drôme]], [[Haute-Savoie]], [[Isère]], [[Loire]], [[Rhône (department)|Rhône]], [[Savoie]] | {{Coat of arms|Lyon}} |- | {{Coat of arms|Upper Normandy}} | [[Eure]], [[Seine-Maritime]] | {{Coat of arms|Rouen}} |} === Overseas regions === {{Main|Overseas departments and territories of France}} Among the 101 departments of France, five ([[French Guiana]], [[Guadeloupe]], [[Martinique]], [[Mayotte]], and [[Réunion]]) are in overseas regions (ROMs) that are also simultaneously overseas departments (DOMs) and are an integral part of France (and the European Union) and thus enjoy exactly the same status to metropolitan departments. {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" |- ! Name ! ស្ថានភាពរដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញ ! រដ្ឋធានី |- | {{Flag|French Guiana|local}} | Overseas region (''régions d'outre-mer'') and simultaneously overseas department (''département d'outre-mer'' or DOM) ! [[Cayenne]] |- | {{Flag|Guadeloupe|local}} | Overseas region (''régions d'outre-mer'') and simultaneously overseas department (''département d'outre-mer'' or DOM) ! [[Basse-Terre]] |- | {{Flag|Martinique|local}} | Overseas region (''régions d'outre-mer'') and simultaneously overseas department (''département d'outre-mer'' or DOM) ! [[Fort-de-France]] |- | {{Flag|Mayotte|local}} | Overseas region (''régions d'outre-mer'') and simultaneously overseas department (''département d'outre-mer'' or DOM) ! [[Mamoudzou]] |- | {{Flag|Réunion|local}} | Overseas region (''régions d'outre-mer'') and simultaneously overseas department (''département d'outre-mer'' or DOM) ! [[Saint-Denis, Réunion|Saint-Denis]] |} === Overseas territories and collectivities === In addition to the 27 regions and 101 departments, the French Republic has five [[overseas collectivity|overseas collectivities]] ([[French Polynesia]], [[Saint Barthélemy]], [[Collectivity of Saint Martin|Saint Martin]], [[Saint Pierre and Miquelon]], and [[Wallis and Futuna]]), one ''[[sui generis]]'' collectivity ([[New Caledonia]]), one [[overseas territory (France)|overseas territory]] ([[French Southern and Antarctic Lands]]), and one island possession in the Pacific Ocean ([[Clipperton Island]]). [[File:France-Constituent-Lands.png|thumb|The lands making up the French Republic, shown at the same [[scale (map)|geographic scale]].]] Overseas collectivities and territories form part of the French Republic, but do not form part of the European Union or its fiscal area (with the exception of St. Bartelemy, which seceded from Guadeloupe in 2007). The Pacific Collectivities (COMs) of French Polynesia, Wallis and Fortuna, and New Caledonia continue to use the [[CFP franc]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thetahititraveler.com/touristinfo/moneycurr.asp |title=Currency and Exchange Rate |publisher=Thetahititraveler.com |accessdate=21 July 2011}}</ref> whose value is strictly linked to that of the euro. In contrast, the five overseas regions used the French franc and now use the euro.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2085rank.html?countryName=France&countryCode=fr&regionCode=eu&rank=7#fr |title=CIA – The World Factbook |publisher=Cia.gov |date= |accessdate=22 June 2012 |archivedate=13 ឧសភា 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513121037/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2085rank.html?countryName=France&countryCode=fr&regionCode=eu&rank=7#fr |url-status=dead }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" |- ! Name ! ស្ថានភាពរដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញ ! រដ្ឋធានី |- | {{Flag|Clipperton Island}} | State private property under the direct authority of the [[Minister of Overseas France|French government]] ! ''[[Uninhabited]]'' |- | {{Flag|French Polynesia}} | Designated as an overseas land (''pays d'outre-mer'' or POM), the status is the same as an overseas collectivity. ! [[Papeete]] |- | {{Flag|French Southern and Antarctic Lands}} | Overseas territory (''territoire d'outre-mer'' or TOM) ! [[Port-aux-Français]] |- | {{Flag|New Caledonia}} | ''[[Sui generis]]'' collectivity ! [[Nouméa]] |- | {{Flag|Saint Barthélemy|local}} | Overseas collectivity (''collectivité d'outre-mer'' or COM) ! [[Gustavia, Saint Barthélemy|Gustavia]] |- | {{Flag|Saint Martin|local}} | Overseas collectivity (''collectivité d'outre-mer'' or COM) ! [[Marigot, Saint Martin|Marigot]] |- | {{Flag|Saint Pierre and Miquelon|local}} | Overseas collectivity (''collectivité d'outre-mer'' or COM). Still referred to as a ''collectivité territoriale''. ! [[Saint-Pierre, Saint Pierre and Miquelon|Saint-Pierre]] |- | {{Flag|Wallis and Futuna|local}} | Overseas collectivity (''collectivité d'outre-mer'' or COM). Still referred to as a ''territoire''. ! [[Mata-Utu]] |} === ការគ្រប់គ្រងរដ្ឋបាល === ទឹកដីនៃសាធារណរដ្ឋបារាំងចែកជា ៖ * មេត្រូប៉ូល រួមមានទាំងអស់២២តំបន់ និង៩៦ខេត្ដ * ខេត្ដឯនាយសមុទ្រចំនួន៤ (DOM) ហ្គាដឺឡុប ម៉ាកទីនិក ហ្គីយាន ឡារ៉េអ៊ុយនីញុង * ដែនដីឯនាយសមុទ្រចំនួន៧: Polynésie française, Wallis et Futuna, Mayotte, Saint-Pierre និងMiquelon, les Terres australes និងantarctiques françaises, Saint-Barthélémy, Saint-Martin, * និង La Nouvelle Calédonie. == Governance == {{Main|Politics of France}} === Government === {{Main|Government of France|Constitution of France}} [[File:Logo de la République française.svg|thumb|left|Logo of the French Republic|តំនភ្ជាប់=Special:FilePath/Logo_de_la_République_française.svg]] The French Republic is a [[unitary state|unitary]] [[semi-presidential system|semi-presidential]] republic with strong democratic traditions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.democracyweb.org/limits/france.php |title=Comparative studies in Freedom – France |publisher=Democracy Web |date= |accessdate=30 September 2013 |archivedate=21 មីនា 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321022455/http://www.democracyweb.org/limits/france.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> The constitution of the Fifth Republic was approved by [[referendum]] on 28 September 1958.<ref>[http://www.oecd.org/home/0,3305,en_2649_201185_1_1_1_1_1,00.html France: Fifth Republic] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216232042/http://www.oecd.org/home/0,3305,en_2649_201185_1_1_1_1_1,00.html |date=2012-02-16 }} – [http://flagspot.net/flags/index.html Flags of the World]</ref> It greatly strengthened the authority of the executive in relation to parliament. The executive branch itself has two leaders: the [[President of France|President of the Republic]], currently [[François Hollande]], who is [[head of state]] and is elected directly by universal adult suffrage for a 5-year term (formerly 7 years),<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/dossiers/quinquennat/chronologie.shtml Le quinquennat : le référendum du 24 Septembre 2000]</ref> and the Government, led by the president-appointed [[Prime Minister of France|Prime Minister]], currently [[Jean-Marc Ayrault]]. [[File:François Hollande (Journées de Nantes 2012).jpg|thumb|upright|[[François Hollande]], elected [[President of France|President of the French Republic]] in April 2012.]] The French [[French Parliament|parliament]] is a [[Bicameralism|bicameral]] legislature comprising a [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]] (''Assemblée Nationale'') and a [[Senate (France)|Senate]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081205055025/http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/english/synthetic_files/file_4.asp The National Assembly and the Senate – General Characteristics of the Parliament]. Official Site of the French National Assembly</ref> The National Assembly deputies represent local constituencies and are directly elected for 5-year terms.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110704054719/http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/english/election.asp#election Election of deputies]. Official Site of the National Assembly</ref> The Assembly has the power to dismiss the cabinet, and thus the majority in the Assembly determines the choice of government. Senators are chosen by an electoral college for 6-year terms (originally 9-year terms), and one half of the seats are submitted to election every 3 years starting in September 2008.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110615001205/http://www.senat.fr/lng/en/election_senateurs.html The senatorial elections]. Official Site of the Senate</ref> The Senate's legislative powers are limited; in the event of disagreement between the two chambers, the National Assembly has the final say.<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.politique.net/2007081801-le-role-du-senat.htm Le role du Sénat]</ref> The government has a strong influence in shaping the agenda of Parliament. French politics are characterised by two politically opposed groupings: one left-wing, centred around the [[Socialist Party (France)|French Socialist Party]], and the other right-wing, centred previously around the [[Rally for the Republic|Rassemblement pour la République (RPR)]] and now its successor the [[Union for a Popular Movement|Union for a Popular Movement (UMP)]].<ref>{{fr icon}} {{cite book |title=La France vers le bipartisme ? : La présidentialisation du PS et de l'UMP|last=Grunberg |first=Gérard |year=2007 |isbn=2-7246-1010-5|url=http://www.pressesdesciencespo.fr/fr/livre/?GCOI=27246100617740}}</ref> Since the 2012 elections, the executive branch is currently composed mostly of the Socialist Party. === ច្បាប់ === {{Main|Law of France}} France uses a [[civil law (legal system)|civil legal]] system;<ref name=France/> that is, law arises primarily from written statutes; judges are not to make law, but merely to interpret it (though the amount of judicial interpretation in certain areas makes it equivalent to [[case law]]). Basic principles of the [[rule of law]] were laid in the [[Napoleonic Code]] (which was, in turn, largely based on the royal law codified under [[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]]). In agreement with the principles of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, law should only prohibit actions detrimental to society. As [[Guy Canivet]], first president of the [[Court of Cassation (France)|Court of Cassation]], wrote about the management of prisons: ''Freedom is the rule, and its restriction is the exception; any restriction of Freedom must be provided for by Law and must follow the principles of necessity and proportionality.'' That is, Law should lay out prohibitions only if they are needed, and if the inconveniences caused by this restriction do not exceed the inconveniences that the prohibition is supposed to remedy. [[File:Declaration of Human Rights.jpg|thumb|upright|The basic principles that the French Republic must respect are found in the 1789 [[Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen]]]] French law is divided into two principal areas: [[private law]] and [[public law]]. Private law includes, in particular, [[civil law (common law)|civil law]] and [[criminal law]]. Public law includes, in particular, [[administrative law]] and [[constitutional law]]. However, in practical terms, French law comprises three principal areas of law: civil law, criminal law, and administrative law. Criminal laws can only address the future and not the past (criminal ''[[Ex post facto law|ex post facto]]'' laws are prohibited). While administrative law is often a subcategory of civil law in many countries, it is completely separated in France and each body of law is headed by a specific supreme court: ordinary courts (which handle criminal and civil litigation) are headed by the [[Court of Cassation (France)|Court of Cassation]] and administrative courts are headed by the [[Conseil d'Etat (France)|Council of State]]. To be applicable, every law must be officially published in the ''[[Journal officiel de la République française]]''. France does not recognize [[religious law]] as a motivation for the enactment of prohibitions. France has long had neither [[blasphemy]] laws nor [[sodomy law]]s (the latter being abolished in 1791). However, "offenses against [[Decency|public decency]]" (''contraires aux bonnes mœurs'') or [[breach of the peace|disturbing public order]] (''trouble à l'ordre public'') have been used to repress public expressions of homosexuality or street prostitution. Laws prohibiting discriminatory speech in the press are [[Law on the Freedom of the Press of 29 July 1881|as old as 1881]]. Some consider however that [[hate speech laws in France]] are too broad or severe and damage [[freedom of speech]].{{citation needed|date=October 2013}} France has laws against [[racism]] and [[antisemitism]].<ref>{{fr icon}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20101205103557/http://www.ambafrance-dz.org/ambassade/IMG/Lutte_racisme_et_antisemitisme.pdf La lutte contre le racisme et l'antisémintisme en France]. AmbaFrance</ref> France's attitude towards [[freedom of religion in France|freedom of religion]] is complex. Freedom of religion is guaranteed by the constitutional rights set forth in the 1789 ''Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen''. However, since the [[1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State]], the State tries to prevent its policy-making from being influenced by religion and became suspicious in recent decades towards new religious tendencies of the French society: the Parliament has [[Groups referred to as cults in government reports#France|listed many religious movements as dangerous cults]] since 1995, and has [[French law on secularity and conspicuous religious symbols in schools|banned wearing conspicuous religious symbols in schools]] since 2004. In 2010, it banned the [[French ban on face covering|wearing of face-covering Islamic veils in public]]. As some have complained that they have suffered from discrimination thus, and after criticism by human rights groups such as [[Amnesty International]] and [[Human Rights Watch]],<ref>{{cite web|author=Kenneth Roth Executive Director |url=http://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/02/26/france7666.htm |title=Human Rights Watch |publisher=Hrw.org |date=26 February 2004 |accessdate=31 January 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=France votes to ban full-face veils|url=http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/france-votes-ban-full-face-veils-2010-07-13|publisher=[[Amnesty International]]|date=13 July 2010|access-date=2017-07-11|archive-date=2014-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207163309/http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/france-votes-ban-full-face-veils-2010-07-13|url-status=dead}}</ref> these laws remain controversial, although they are supported by most of the population.<ref name='Pew'>{{Cite news | first = Frederic | last = Dumoulin | title = French parliament adopts ban on full-face veil | date = 14 September 2010 | publisher = Google News | url = http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gNCFdNZ4r-9aDEBG0G_OUSMKoASw | accessdate = 14 September 2010 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130518083647/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gNCFdNZ4r-9aDEBG0G_OUSMKoASw | archivedate = 18 ឧសភា 2013 | url-status = live }}</ref> France is tolerant of the [[LGBT community]]. Since 1999, [[Pacte civil de solidarité|civil unions]] for homosexual couples are permitted, and since May 2013, [[same-sex marriage]] and [[LGBT adoption]] are legal in France.<ref>{{cite news|last=|first=|title=François Hollande signs same-sex marriage into law|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20130518-france-gay-marriage-law-adoption|accessdate=27 June 2013|newspaper=France 24|date=18 May 2013}}</ref> === Foreign relations === {{Main|Foreign relations of France}} {{See also|European Union|Organisation internationale de la Francophonie|Latin Union|United Nations Security Council|NATO}} France is a member of the United Nations and serves as one of the permanent members of the UN Security Council with veto rights.<ref>[http://www.un.org/sc/members.asp Membership of the Security Councils of the UN] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706231352/http://www.un.org/sc/members.asp |date=2010-07-06 }} on the [http://www.un.org/en/index.shtml Official Site of the UN]</ref> It is also a member of the [[G8]], [[World Trade Organization]] (WTO),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/org6_e.htm |title=Understanding the WTO – Members |publisher=Wto.org |accessdate=30 October 2010}}</ref> the [[Secretariat of the Pacific Community]] (SPC)<ref>[http://www.spc.int/en/about-spc/history.html History] on the [http://www.spc.int/ Official Site of the SPC]</ref> and the [[Indian Ocean Commission]] (COI).<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.coi-ioc.org/index.php?id=36 Pays membres] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402173028/http://www.coi-ioc.org/index.php?id=36 |date=2012-04-02 }} – [http://www.coi-ioc.org/index.php?id=72 Site officiel de la COI] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402173028/http://www.coi-ioc.org/index.php?id=36 |date=2012-04-02 }}</ref> It is an associate member of the [[Association of Caribbean States]] (ACS)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.acs-aec.org/index.php?q=about-the-acs |title=About the Association of Caribbean States |publisher=Acs-aec.org |date=24 July 1994 |accessdate=22 June 2012 |archivedate=22 សីហា 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120822100530/http://www.acs-aec.org/index.php?q=about-the-acs |url-status=dead }}</ref> and a leading member of the [[Organisation internationale de la Francophonie|International Francophone Organisation]] (OIF) of fifty-one fully or partly French-speaking countries.<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.francophonie.org/-Etats-et-gouvernements-.html États et gouvernements : le monde de la Francophonie] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003114546/http://www.francophonie.org/-Etats-et-gouvernements-.html |date=2009-10-03 }} – [http://www.francophonie.org/ Site officiel de l'OIF] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724001316/http://www.francophonie.org/ |date=2010-07-24 }}</ref> [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F076314-0006, Manching, Manöver Frankreich-Deutschland.jpg|thumb|right|French President [[François Mitterrand]] and German Chancellor [[Helmut Kohl]], in 1987.]] [[File:President Barack Obama and President Nicolas Sarkozy of France.jpg|thumb|Former French President [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] and United States President [[Barack Obama]], before NATO summit, in [[Strasbourg]], on 3 April 2009]] France hosts the headquarters of the [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]],<ref>[http://www.oecd.org/document/8/0,3343,en_2649_201185_1956607_1_1_1_1,00.html History of the Château de la Muette, OECD headquarters, Paris] – [http://www.oecd.org/home/0,3305,en_2649_201185_1_1_1_1_1,00.html Official Site of the OECD] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216232042/http://www.oecd.org/home/0,3305,en_2649_201185_1_1_1_1_1,00.html |date=2012-02-16 }}</ref> [[UNESCO]],<ref>[http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/about-us/who-we-are/history/paris-headquarters/ Paris Headquarters] on the [http://en.unesco.org/ Official Site of UNESCO]</ref> [[Interpol]],<ref>{{cite web|author=Interpol |url=http://www.interpol.int/ |title=Official Site of Interpol |publisher=Interpol.int |accessdate=9 August 2010}}</ref> [[Alliance Base]]<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/politique/alliance-base-existe-bien_460124.html "Alliance Base" existe bien] – [[L'Express (France)|L'Express]]</ref> and the [[International Bureau of Weights and Measures|International Bureau for Weights and Measures]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bipm.org/en/home/ |title=Home page of the IBWM |publisher=Bipm.org |accessdate=9 August 2010}}</ref> France has the [[List of diplomatic missions of France|second largest network]] of [[diplomatic mission]]s in the world, second only to the USA.<ref>[http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/ministry_158/embassies-and-consulates_2052/bilateral-embassies_1580.html Embassies and consulates] on the [http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/ Official Site of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of France]</ref> In 1953, France received a request from the United Nations to pick a [[coat of arms]] that would represent it internationally. Thus the [[National emblem of France|French emblem]] was adopted and is currently used on passports.<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.elysee.fr/president/la-presidence/les-symboles-de-la-republique-francaise/le-faisceau-de-licteur/le-faisceau-de-licteur.5979.html Le faisceau de licteur] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104072203/http://www.elysee.fr/president/la-presidence/les-symboles-de-la-republique-francaise/le-faisceau-de-licteur/le-faisceau-de-licteur.5979.html |date=2012-11-04 }} – Présidence de la République</ref> Postwar French foreign policy has been largely shaped by membership of the European Union, of which it was a [[Inner Six|founding member]]. Since the [[Élysée Treaty|1960s]], France has developed close ties with reunified Germany to become the [[France–Germany relations|most influential driving force of the EU]].<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.oftt.eu/perspectives/article/l-alliance-franco-allemande-au-coeur-de-la-puissance-europeenne L'alliance franco-allemande au coeur de la puissance européenne] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100123092331/http://www.oftt.eu/perspectives/article/l-alliance-franco-allemande-au-coeur-de-la-puissance-europeenne |date=2010-01-23 }}</ref> In the 1960s, France sought to exclude the British from the European unification process,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/27/newsid_4187000/4187714.stm |title=De Gaulle says 'non' to Britain – again |publisher=BBC News |date= 27 November 1967|accessdate=21 July 2011}}</ref> seeking to build its own standing in continental Europe. However, since 1904, France has maintained an "[[Entente cordiale]]" with the United Kingdom, and there has been a strengthening of links between the countries, especially [[Defence and Security Co-operation Treaty|militarily]]. France is a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), but under President de Gaulle, it excluded itself from the joint military command to protest the [[Special Relationship|special relationship]] between the United States and Britain and to preserve the independence of French foreign and security policies.<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.lefigaro.fr/international/2009/03/11/01003-20090311ARTFIG00073-quand-mitterrand-deja-negociait-le-retour-dans-l-otan-.php Quand Mitterrand, déjà, négociait le retour de la France dans l'OTAN] – ''Le Figaro''</ref> France vigorously opposed the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]],<ref>{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/asiapcf/east/01/23/sprj.irq.china/index.html |title=China adds voice to Iraq war doubts |publisher=CNN |date=23 January 2003 |accessdate=21 July 2011 |archive-date=29 មិថុនា 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629004428/http://edition.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/asiapcf/east/01/23/sprj.irq.china/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2683409.stm |title=EU allies unite against Iraq war |publisher=BBC News |date=22 January 2003 |accessdate=21 July 2011}}</ref> straining bilateral relations with the US<ref>{{cite web |url=http://usforeignpolicy.about.com/od/newsiss3/tp/iraqwarrelations.htm |title=Foreign Policy Implications of the Iraq War |publisher=Usforeignpolicy.about.com |date=11 March 2004 |accessdate=9 August 2010 |archivedate=25 កុម្ភៈ 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100225005448/http://usforeignpolicy.about.com/od/newsiss3/tp/iraqwarrelations.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Sean Loughlin CNN Washington Bureau |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/03/11/sprj.irq.fries/ |title=House cafeterias change names for 'french' fries and 'french' toast |publisher=CNN |date=12 March 2003 |accessdate=21 July 2011 |archive-date=4 សីហា 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110804224007/http://edition.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/03/11/sprj.irq.fries/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> and the UK.<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/pays-zones-geo_833/royaume-uni_202/index.html France-Diplomatie : Royaume-Uni] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100317112607/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/pays-zones-geo_833/royaume-uni_202/index.html |date=2010-03-17 }} – [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (France)|Ministère des Affaires Étrangères]]</ref> However, as a result of Nicolas Sarkozy's ''pro-American'' politics (much criticised in France by the leftists and by a part of the right),<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7937666.stm |title=France ends four-decade Nato rift |publisher=BBC News |date=12 March 2009 |accessdate=21 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{fr icon}} {{cite news | title = Le retour de la France dans l'OTAN suscite un malaise dans les rangs de la Droite | first = Patrick | last = Roger | url = http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2009/03/11/le-retour-de-la-france-dans-l-otan-suscite-un-malaise-dans-les-rangs-de-la-droite_1166352_823448.html | newspaper=Le Monde | location = Paris | date = 11 March 2009 }}</ref> France rejoined the NATO joint military command on 4 April 2009. In the early 1990s, the country drew considerable criticism from other nations for its underground nuclear tests in [[French Polynesia]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/9512/france_nuclear/ |title=Fifth French nuclear test sparks international outrage |publisher=CNN |date=28 December 1995 |accessdate=21 July 2011 |archive-date=21 ធ្នូ 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171221230828/http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/9512/france_nuclear/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> France retains strong political and economic influence in its [[Second French colonial empire|former African colonies]] ([[Françafrique]])<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.memo.fr/article.asp?ID=CON_COL_009 L'empire colonial français]</ref> and has supplied economic aid and troops for peace-keeping missions in [[Ivory Coast]] and [[Chad]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.delegfrance-onu-geneve.org/spip.php?article417 |title=France involvement in peace-keeping operations |publisher=Delegfrance-onu-geneve.org |accessdate=9 August 2010 |archivedate=25 មេសា 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110425024055/http://www.delegfrance-onu-geneve.org/spip.php?article417 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Recently, after the unilateral declaration of independence of northern [[Mali]] by the [[Tuareg rebellion (2012)|Tuareg]] [[National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad|MNLA]] and the subsequent regional [[Northern Mali conflict]] with several Islamist groups including [[Ansar Dine]] and [[Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa|MOJWA]], France and other African states intervened to help the Malian Army to retake control. In 2009, France was the second largest (in absolute numbers) donor of [[development aid]] in the world, behind the US, and ahead of Germany, Japan and the UK.<ref>[http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/17/9/44981892.pdf Net Official Development Assistance 2009] OECD</ref> This represents 0.5% of its GDP, in this regard rating France as tenth largest donor on the list.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/france-in-the-world_6820/development-assistance-and-humanitarian-action_6908/index.html |title=Development assistance and humanitarian action |publisher=Diplomatie.gouv.fr |accessdate=21 July 2011 |archivedate=9 វិច្ឆិកា 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109025028/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/france-in-the-world_6820/development-assistance-and-humanitarian-action_6908/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The organisation managing the French help is the [[French Development Agency]], which finances primarily humanitarian projects in [[sub-Saharan Africa]].<ref name = aid/> The main goals of this help are "developing infrastructure, access to health care and education, the implementation of appropriate economic policies and the consolidation of the rule of law and democracy."<ref name = aid>[http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france-priorities_1/index.html France priorities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100722114125/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france-priorities_1/index.html |date=2010-07-22 }} – France Diplomatie</ref> === Military === {{Main|French Armed Forces}} {{See also|Military history of France|Deployments of the French military}} [[File:French military images.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Examples of France's military. Clockwise from top left: Nuclear aircraft carrier ''Charles de Gaulle''; A [[Dassault Rafale|Rafale]] [[fighter aircraft]]; French [[Chasseurs Alpins]] patrolling the valleys of Kapisa province in Afghanistan; a [[AMX-56 Leclerc|Leclerc tank]] in Paris for the [[Bastille Day|14 July]] [[Bastille Day Military Parade]].]] The French Armed Forces (''Armées françaises'') are the military and paramilitary forces of France, under the [[President of France|president]] as supreme commander. They consist of the [[French Army]] (''Armée de Terre''), [[French Navy]] (''Marine Nationale''), the [[French Air Force]] (''Armée de l'Air'') and the auxiliary paramilitary force, the [[National Gendarmerie]] (''Gendarmerie nationale'') and are among the [[List of countries by number of troops|largest armed forces]] in the world. While administratively a part of the French armed forces, and therefore under the purview of the [[Minister of Defense (France)|Ministry of Defence]], the Gendarmerie is operationally attached to the [[Minister of the Interior (France)|Ministry of the Interior]]. The gendarmerie is a military police force which serves for the most part as a rural and general purpose police force. It encompasses the counter terrorist units of the [[Parachute Intervention Squadron of the National Gendarmerie]] (''Escadron Parachutiste d'Intervention de la Gendarmerie Nationale'') and the [[National Gendarmerie Intervention Group]] (''Groupe d'Intervention de la Gendarmerie Nationale''). One of the French intelligence units, the [[Directorate-General for External Security]] (''Direction Générale de la Sécurité Extérieure'') reports to the Ministry of Defence. The other, the [[Direction centrale du renseignement intérieur|Central Directorate of Interior Intelligence]] (''Direction Centrale du Renseignement Intérieur''), reports directly to the Ministry of the Interior. There has been no national [[conscription]] since 1997.<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/dossiers/service-civil/fin-service-militaire-obligatoire.shtml La fin du service militaire obligatoire] – La documentation française</ref> France is a [[Big Five (United Nations)|permanent member of the Security Council of the UN]], and a [[List of states with nuclear weapons#Five nuclear-weapon states under the NPT|recognised nuclear state]] since 1960. France has signed and ratified the [[Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty]] (CTBT)<ref name="status">{{cite web |url=http://www.ctbto.org/the-treaty/status-of-signature-and-ratification/ |title=Status of signature and ratification: CTBTO Preparatory Commission |work=CTBTO Preparatory Commission |date=26 May 2010 |accessdate=27 May 2010}}</ref> and acceeded to the [[Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty]]. France's annual military expenditure in 2011 was US$62.5 billion, or 2.3%, of its GDP making it the [[List of countries by military expenditures|fifth biggest military spender in the world]] after the United States, China, Russia, and the United Kingdom.<ref name="SIPRI Yearbook 2012"/> French nuclear deterrence, (formerly known as “''[[Force de Frappe]]''”), relies on complete independence. The current French nuclear force consists of four [[Triomphant class submarine|''Triomphant'']] class submarines equipped with [[submarine-launched ballistic missile]]s. In addition to the submarine fleet, it is estimated that France has about 60 [[Air-Sol Moyenne Portée|''ASMP'']] medium-range [[Air-to-surface missile|air-to-ground missile]]s with [[Nuclear weapon|nuclear warhead]]s,<ref>{{fr icon}} Centre de Documentation et de Recherche sur la Paix et les Conflits, [http://obsarm.org/obsnuc/puissances-mondiales/france-forces.html ''Etat des forces nucléaires françaises au 15 août 2004''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725004911/http://obsarm.org/obsnuc/puissances-mondiales/france-forces.html |date=2011-07-25 }}</ref> of which around 50 are deployed by the Air Force using the [[Dassault Mirage 2000N/2000D|Mirage 2000N]] long-range nuclear strike aircraft, while around 10 are deployed by the French Navy's [[Dassault-Breguet Super Étendard|Super Étendard Modernisé (SEM)]] attack aircraft which operate from the nuclear-powered [[aircraft carrier]] [[French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle (R91)|''Charles de Gaulle'']]. The new [[Dassault Rafale|Rafale F3]] aircraft will gradually replace all Mirage 2000N and SEM in the nuclear strike role with the improved ''ASMP-A'' missile with a nuclear warhead. France has major military industries with one of the largest [[Aerospace manufacturer|aerospace industries]] in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1990/7/90.07.06.x.html |title=90.07.06: The Aerospace Industry: Its History and How it Affects the U.S. Economy |publisher=Yale.edu |accessdate=21 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbfrenchtranslation.com/aerospace-industry-of-france.html |title=Aerospace industry of France |publisher=Bbfrenchtranslation.com |accessdate=9 August 2010 |archivedate=26 មេសា 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426095916/http://www.bbfrenchtranslation.com/aerospace-industry-of-france.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Its industries have produced such equipment as the Rafale fighter, the ''Charles de Gaulle'' aircraft carrier, the [[Exocet]] missile and the [[AMX-56 Leclerc|Leclerc]] tank amongst others. Despite withdrawing from the [[Eurofighter Typhoon|Eurofighter]] project, France is actively investing in European joint projects such as the [[Eurocopter Tiger]], [[FREMM multipurpose frigate|multipurpose frigates]], the [[Unmanned combat air vehicle|UCAV]] demonstrator [[Dassault nEUROn|nEUROn]] and the [[Airbus A400M]]. France is a major arms seller,<ref>"En 2001, la France a vendu pour 1,288 milliard de dollars d'équipements militaires, ce qui la met au troisième rang mondial des exportateurs derrière les États-Unis et la Russie." " In 2001, France sold $1,288&nbsp;billion of military equipment, ranking 3rd in the world for arms exportations behind the USA and Russia" [http://lexpansion.lexpress.fr/entreprise/la-france-demeure-un-fournisseur-d-armes-de-premier-plan_95084.html La France demeure un fournisseur d'armes de premier plan (France stays one of the biggest arms supplier)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311161443/http://lexpansion.lexpress.fr/entreprise/la-france-demeure-un-fournisseur-d-armes-de-premier-plan_95084.html |date=2012-03-11 }} – L'express. 13 June 2002</ref><ref>"La France est au 4ème rang mondial des exportateurs d'armes, derrière les Etats-Unis, le Royaume-Uni et la Russie, et devant Israël, selon un rapport du ministère de la Défense publié l'an dernier." "France is 4th biggest arms exportator, behind the USA, the UK and Russia, and ahead of Israel, according to a report of the Ministry of Defense published a year ago" [http://www.20minutes.fr/article/551139/Economie-Les-ventes-d-armes-explosent-en-2009.php Arms sellings explode in 2009] – 20 minutes</ref> with most of its arsenal's designs available for the export market with the notable exception of nuclear-powered devices. The [[Bastille Day Military Parade|military parade]] held in Paris each 14 July for [[Bastille Day|France's national day]] is the oldest and largest regular military parade in Europe.<ref>Mail Online, ''Harrowing loss of Afghanistan troops overshadows France's Bastille Day military parade'', 14 July 2011. [http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2014729/France-proudly-celebrates-Bastille-Day-despite-deaths-soldiers-Afghanistan-overshadowing-annual-parade.html]. Retrieved 5 January 2012</ref> === ហិរញ្ញវត្ថុរបស់រដ្ឋាភិបាល === {{See also|Taxation in France}} [[File:Public Deficit of France.png|thumb|upright=1.25|French government borrowing ([[budget deficits]]) as a percentage of GNP, 1960–2009]] In April and May 2012, France held a [[French presidential election, 2012|presidential election]] in which the winner, [[François Hollande]], had opposed [[austerity]] measures, promising to eliminate France's budget deficit by 2017. The new government stated that it aimed to cancel recently enacted tax cuts and exemptions for the wealthy, raising the top tax bracket rate to 75% on incomes over a million euros, restoring the retirement age to 60 with a full pension for those who have worked 42 years, restoring 60,000 jobs recently cut from public education, regulating rent increases; and building additional public housing for the poor. In June, Hollande's [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]] won a supermajority in [[French legislative election, 2012|legislative elections]] capable of amending the [[Constitution of France|French Constitution]] and enabling the immediate enactment of the promised reforms. French government bond interest rates fell 30% to record lows,<ref name="bloomberg.com">Bloomberg (2012) [http://www.bloomberg.com/quote/GFRN10:IND French government bond interest rates] (graph)</ref> less than 50 [[basis point]]s above German government bond rates.<ref name="Bloomberg 2012">Bloomberg (2012) [http://www.bloomberg.com/quote/GDBR10:IND German government bond interest rates] (graph)</ref> ==== បំណុលរដ្ឋាភិបាល ==== Under European Union rules, member states are supposed to limit their debt to 60% of output or be reducing the ratio structurally towards this ceiling, and run public deficits of no more than 3% of GDP. The French government has run a [[budget deficit]] each year since the early 1970s. In 2012, French government debt levels reached 1.8 trillion euros, the equivalent of 90% of French GDP.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2186rank.html |title=The World Factbook |publisher=Cia.gov |date= |accessdate=1 October 2013 |archivedate=13 មិថុនា 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613005546/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2186rank.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> In late 2012, [[credit rating agencies]] warned that growing French government debt levels risked [[List of countries by credit rating|France's AAA credit rating]], raising the possibility of a future downgrade and subsequent higher borrowing costs for the French government.<ref>{{cite web |last=John |first=Mark |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/10/26/us-france-debt-idUSBRE89P0SO20121026 |title=Analysis: Low French borrowing costs risk negative reappraisal |publisher=Reuters |date= |accessdate=27 November 2012 |archivedate=2 ឧសភា 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502014859/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/10/26/us-france-debt-idUSBRE89P0SO20121026 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == ស្ថាប័ននានារបស់បារាំង == === រដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញ === '''រដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញ'''ថ្ងៃទី ៤ តុលា ឆ្នាំ១៩៥៨ ចែងពីដំណើរការស្ថាប័ននានានៃសាធារណរដ្ឋទី៥។ រដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញត្រូវបានគេសើរើ ពិនិត្យឡើងវិញជាច្រើនដងទាក់ទងនឹង ៖ * ការបោះឆ្នោតប្រធានាធិបតីជាសកល និងដោយចំពោះ (១៩៦២) * ការដាក់បញ្ចូលជំពូកថ្មីមួួយស្ដីការទទួលខុសត្រូវខាងព្រហ្មទណ្ឌរបស់សមាជិករដ្ឋាភិបាល(១៩៩៣) * ការបង្កើតសម័យប្រជុំរួមមួយរវាងស្ថាប័នសភា * ការពង្រីកដែនធ្វើប្រជាមតិ(១៩៩៥) * អន្ដរបញ្ញត្ដិស្ដីពីលក្ខន្ដិកៈរបស់កោះណូវែលកាលេដូនី ( Nouvelle-Calédonie ) (១៩៩៨) * ការបង្កើតសហព័ន្ធសេដ្ឋកិច្ចនិងរូបិយវត្ថុ * ភាពស្មើគ្នារវាងបុរសនិងស្ដ្រីនៅក្នុងការទទួលអណត្ដិបោះឆ្នោតនានា និងទទួលនូវដែលគេជ្រើសរើស * ការទទួលស្គាល់យុត្ដាធិការនៃតុលាការព្រហ្មទណ្ឌអន្ដរជាតិ(១៩៩៩) * ការកាត់បន្ថយអាណត្ដិប្រធានាធិបតី(២០០០) * កែទំរង់ការទទួលខុសត្រូវខាងព្រហ្មទណ្ឌរបស់ប្រមុខរដ្ឋ * បញ្ចូលការហាមឃាត់់ទោសប្រហារជីវិតក្នុងរដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញ * កំណែទំរង់ភាពស្វយ័តរបស់កោះណូវែលកាឡេដូនី(២០០៧) === ក្រុមប្រឹក្សាធម្មនុញ្ញ === [[ឯកសារ:Logo de la République française.svg|thumb|right|French Republic|តំនភ្ជាប់=Special:FilePath/Logo_de_la_République_française.svg]] [[ឯកសារ:Nicolas Sarkozy - Sarkozy meeting in Toulouse for the 2007 French presidential election 0299 2007-04-12 cropped further.jpg|thumb|upright|President Nicolas Sarkozy]] [[ឯកសារ:Palais Luxembourg Sunset Edit.JPG|thumb|right|Palace of Luxembourg]] '''ក្រុមប្រឹក្សាធម្មនុញ្ញ'''មានសមាជិក៩រូប និងមានសមត្ថកិច្ចត្រួតពិនិត្យជាពិសេសនៃ ភាពត្រឹម ត្រូវ តាមច្បាប់ នៃការបោះឆ្នោតនានា និងពិនិត្យធម្មនុញ្ញភាពនៃច្បាប់រៀបចំអង្គការ ព្រម ទាំងច្បាប់ ដែលដាក់មកអនុម័ត។ === ប្រធានាធិបតីនៃសារធារណរដ្ឋ === ប្រមុខរដ្ឋត្រូវបានជ្រើសរើសសំរាប់រយៈពេល៥ឆ្នាំតាមរយៈការបោះឆ្នោតជាសកល និង ដោយចំពោះ (អណត្ដិ​​រយៈ​ពេល​៥​ឆ្នាំ​នេះ​បាន​បង្កើត​ឡើង​បន្ទាប់​ពី​ការ​ធ្វើ​ប្រជាមតិ​នៅ​ថ្ងៃទី ២៤ ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ២០០០)។ លោក នីកូឡា សាកូហ្ស៊ី ជាប្រធានាធិបតីទី៦នៃសាធារណរដ្ឋ ទី៥ លោកបានជាប់ឆ្នោតនៅថ្ងៃទី៧ឧសភា ឆ្នាំ​២០០៧ ។ ប្រធានាធិបតីតែងតាំងនាយករដ្ឋមន្ដ្រី និងសមាជិករដ្ឋាភិបាលតាមសំណើររបស់នាយក រដ្ឋមន្ដ្រី (មាត្រា ទី៨នៃរដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញ)។ ប្រធានាធិបតីដឹកនាំគណៈរដ្ឋមន្ដ្រី ប្រកាសអោយប្រើច្បាប់នានា ជាបញ្ជាការនៃកងកម្លាំង ប្រដាប់អាវុធ។ ប្រធានាធិបតីអាចរំលាយរដ្ឋសភា ហើយ​ក្នុង​ករណី​ធ្ងន់​ធ្ងរ​ ប្រធានាធិបតីមានអំណាចពិសេស (មាត្រាទី១៦)។ === នាយករដ្ឋមន្ដ្រី និងរដ្ឋាភិបាល === ក្រោមការដឹកនាំរបស់នាយករដ្ឋមន្ដ្រី រដ្ឋាភិបាលកំណត់ និងដឹកនាំនយោបាយជាតិ។ នាយករដ្ឋមន្ដ្រី ទទួល ខុសត្រូវចំពោះរដ្ឋសភា (មាត្រាទី២០)។ នាយក​រដ្ឋ​មន្ដ្រី​ដឹក​នាំ​សកម្មភាពរដ្ឋាភិបាលនិងធានានូវការអនុវត្ដច្បាប់ (មាត្រាទី២១)។ លោក François Fillon ត្រូវ បានតែងតាំងជានាយក រដ្ឋមន្ដ្រីនៅថ្ងៃទី១៧ ឧសភា ឆ្នាំ២០០៧។ === សភា === សភាមានពីរថ្នាក់ ៖<br /> - '''ព្រឹទ្ធសភា''' ៖ ព្រឹទ្ធសមាជិកត្រូវជ្រើសតាំងសំរាប់រយៈពេល៦ឆ្នាំ(ពីមុនមានរយៈពេល៩ឆ្នាំ) ចាប់តាំងពីឆ្នាំ ២០០៣ ដោយការបោះឆ្នោតជាសកល និងមិនចំពោះ ហើយត្រូវបានផ្លាស់ ប្ដូរសមាជិក ៣០% ក្នុងរយៈ ពេលបីឆ្នាំម្ដង។ ការបោះឆ្នោតលើកចុងក្រោយ បានប្រព្រឹត្ដ ទៅនៅខែ កញ្ញាឆ្នាំ២០០៤។<br /> - '''រដ្ឋភាជាតិ''' ៖ តំណាងរាស្ដ្រត្រូវបានជ្រើសតាំងសំរាប់រយៈពេល៥ឆ្នាំដោយការបោះឆ្នោត ជាសកល និង ដោយចំពោះ។ ការបោះឆ្នោតលើកចុងក្រោយបាន ប្រព្រឹត្ដទៅនៅខែមិថុ- នា ឆ្នាំ២០០៧។<br /> ក្រៅពីត្រួតពិនិត្យរដ្ឋាភិបាល សភាទាំងពីរថ្នាក់មានតួនាទីរៀបចំ និងអនុម័តច្បាប់។ ក្នុងករណីមិនមានការយល់ព្រម រដ្ឋសភាជាតិធ្វើការសំរេចជាស្ថាពរ។ ==== ព្រឹទ្ធសភា ==== ក្រោយ​ការបោះឆ្នោតខែកញ្ញឆ្នាំ២០០៤ ព្រឹទ្ធសភាមានសមាជិក៣៣១នាក់ដែលមកពី ៖ * គណបក្សសហព័ន្ធសំរាប់ចលនាប្រជាជន ( UMP ) ៖ ១៥៨នាក់ * គណបក្សសង្គមនិយម ៖ ៩៦នាក់ * ក្រុមគណបក្សកណ្ដាលនិយម ៖ ៣០នាក់ * គណបក្សកុម្មុយនិស្ដ គណបក្សសាធារណរដ្ឋ និងគណបក្សពលរដ្ឋ ៖ ២៣នាក់ * គណបក្សសម្ព័ន្ធភាពប្រជាធិបតី និងសង្គមអឺរ៉ុប ៖១៦នាក់ * បេក្ខជនឯករាជ្យ ៖ ៦នាក់ ។ ==== រដ្ឋសភាជាតិ ==== [[ឯកសារ:France national assembly.JPG|right|thumb|រដ្ឋសភាជាតិ]] បន្ទាប់ពីការបោះឆ្នោតថ្ងៃទី១០ និង១៧ឆ្នាំ២០០៧មិថុនា រដ្ឋសភាជាតិមានតំណាងរាស្ដ្រ៥៧៧នាក់ មកពី ៖ * គណបក្សសហព័ន្ធសំរាប់ចលនាប្រជាជន (UMP) ៖ ៣១៤នាក់ (សម្ព័ន្ធភាព៦គណបក្ស) * ក្រុមសង្គមនិយម និងប្រជាជនៈ ១៨៦នាក់(សម្ព័ន្ធ១៨គណបក្ស) * ក្រុមប្រជាធិបតីឆ្វេងនិយម និងសាធារណរដ្ឋ ៖ ២៤នាក់ (គ្មានសម្ព័ន្ធភាព) * ក្រុមគណបក្សកណ្ដាលនិយមថ្មី ៖ ២០នាក់(សម្ព័ន្ធភាព២គណបក្ស) * តំណាងរាស្ដ្រមិនស្ថិតក្នុងក្រុមណាមួយ ៖ ២០នាក់ === តុលាការ === តុលាការជាអ្នកការពារសេរីភាពបុគ្គល (មាត្រា៦៦នៃ រដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញ)។ អំណាចតុលាការបា- រាំងបានរៀបចំ ទៅតាមភាពខុសគ្នាជាមូលដ្ឋានរវាង ៖ # តុលាការយុត្ដិធម៌ត្រូវទទួលខុសត្រូវជំលោះរវាងបុគ្គល និងបុគ្គល។ # តុលាការរដ្ឋបាលដោះស្រាយជំលោះរវាងប្រជាជននិងអំណាចសាធារណៈ។ តុលាការមានពីរលំដាប់ថ្នាក់ ៖<br /> 1. '''យុត្ដាធិការរដ្ឋប្បវេណី''' តុលាការនីតិរួម (តុលាការជាន់ខ្ពស់) រឺនីតិពិសេសផ្សេងៗ (សាលាតំបូង តុលាការពាណិជ្ជ កម្ម តុលាការកិច្ចការសន្ដិសុខសង្គម និងក្រុមតុលាការការងារដែលដោះស្រាយជំលោះ រវាងបុគ្គលិក និយោជិក និងនិយោជក។<br /> 2. '''យុត្ដិធិការព្រហ្មទណ្ឌ'''ទទួលបន្ទុកវិនិច្ឆ័យលើបទល្មើស៣ប្រភេទ ៖ * បទលហុដែលវិនិច្ឆ័យដោយតុលាការនគរបាល * បទល្មើសដែលវិនិច្ឆ័យដោយតុលាការលហុ * បទឧក្រិដ្ឋដោយសាលាឧក្រិដ្ឋ<br /> មានតុលាការដោយឡែកសំរាប់រដ្ឋប្បវេណី និងព្រហ្មទណ្ឌតុលាការកុមារ។ '''សាលាវិនិច្ឆ័យ''' ៖គឺជាតុលាខ្ពស់ជាងគេ ហើយទទួលខុសត្រូវពិនិត្យបណ្ដឹងសារទុក្ខលើអង្គច្បាប់ប្រឆាំងនឹងសាលដីការបស់សាលាឧទ្ធរណ៍។យុត្ដាធិការ​​​​ខ្ពស់​ជាង​គេក្នុង​តុលាការរដ្ឋបាលគឺក្រុមប្រឹក្សារដ្ឋដែលមានសមត្ថកិច្ចធ្វើការវិនិច្ឆ័យចុងក្រោយ គេបង្អស់លើភាពត្រឹមត្រូវនៃលិខិតរដ្ឋបាលតាមច្បាប់។ ក្រុម​ប្រឹក្សា​រដ្ឋ​នេះ​ក៏ផ្ដល់​ការពិគ្រោះផងដែរដល់រដ្ឋាភិបាលក្នុងការផ្ដល់ជាគំនិតស្ដីពីសេចក្ដី ព្រាងច្បាប់និង សេចក្ដីព្រាងក្រឹត្យមួយចំនួន។ === ភ្លេង និងបាវចនាជាតិ === [[ឯកសា|thumb|right|La Defense]] [[ឯកសារ:French Armed Forces2.JPEG|thumb|right|]] [[ឯកសារ:ESM St Cyr cadets DSC03272.JPG|thumb|right|]] [[ឯកសារ:TourDeFrance 2005 07 09.jpg|thumb|upright|Tour de France]] បទចំរៀងសំរាប់កងទ័ពនៅទីក្រុង Rhin ដែលត្រូវបានតែងឡើងនៅទីក្រុងស្ដ្រាសបួ ឆ្នាំ ១៧៩២ បានក្លាយជាបទ Marseillaise ហើយចុងបញ្ចប់់ត្រូវបាន ប្រើជាភ្លេងជាតិនៅ ថ្ងៃទី១៤ កក្កដា ឆ្នាំ១៧៩៥។ បាវវចនារបស់សាធារណៈរដ្ឋបារាំងគឺ “សេរីភាព សមភាព ភាតរភាព“។ === ទង់ជាតិបារាំង === នៅឆ្នាំ១៧៨៩ លោកឧត្ដមសេនីយ Fayette បាន បន្ថែមពណ៌សដែលជានិមិត្ដរូបនៃរាជា និយម ទៅលើ សញ្ញាទង់ជាតិដែលមានពណ៌ខៀវ និង ពណ៌ក្រហម របស់កងទ័ពជាតិទីក្រុង ប៉ារីស ។ ទង់ជាតិបីពណ៌ជា និមិត្ដរូបផ្លូវការរបស់ សាធារណរដ្ឋបារាំង។ === ការពារជាតិ === នៅឆ្នាំ២០០៧ ថវិកាការពារជាតិឡើងដល់ ៣៦,២៥ពាន់លានអឺរ៉ូ គឹស្មើនឹង២,០២%នៃ ផលិតផល ក្នុងស្រុកសរុប និងថវិកាជាតិ១០,៨២%។ ច្បាប់ស្ដីពីការរៀបចំកម្មវិធីផ្នែកយោធាឆ្នាំ២០០៣-២០០៨កំនត់ពីមធ្យោបាយ និងចំនួនទ័ព ដើម្បី ឆានាទៅ សំរេចគោលបំណងរបស់ប្រធានាធិបតី និង​រដ្ឋា​ភិបាល​ក្នុងការផ្ដល់អោយ ប្រទេសបារាំងការ ការពារមួយ ដោយស្របទៅតាមតំរូវការរបស់ខ្លួន។ច្បាប់​នេះ​មាន​គោល​ដៅ​បង្កើត​កិច្ច​ខំ​ប្រឹង​ប្រែង​ក្នុង​ការ​ធ្វើ​អោយ​ឧបករណ៍ការពារជាតិ របស់យើងអាចឆ្លើយ តបទៅនឹងបញ្ហាចំពោះមុខនានា។ កិច្ចខំប្រឹងប្រែងខាងលើស្ដែងអោយឃើញតាមរយៈ ៖ * ការពង្រឹងមធ្យោបាយប្រយុទ្ធប្រឆាំង នឹងភេវរកម្ម។ * សុវត្ថិភាព និងភាពទុកចិត្ដនៃការទប់ស្កាត់អាវុធនុយក្លេអ៊ែររបស់ប្រទេសបារាំង។ * ការចូលរួមរបស់ប្រទេសបារាំងក្នុងការបង្ការ និងដោះស្រាយជលោះផ្សេងៗ (ចំនួនទ័ព ប្រមាណពី១៥ ទៅ២០ ០០០នាក់ត្រូវបានដាក់ពង្រាយក្នុងប្រតិបត្ដិការ )។ * សហប្រតិបត្ដិការយោធាក្នុងអង្គការអូតង់ និងសហគមអឺរ៉ុប។ នៅឆ្នាំ២០០៦ ទ័ពកងកំលាំងប្រដាប់អាវុធកើនឡើងដល់៣៤៧ ៩០៣នាក់ គិតទាំងយោធា និងជន ស៊ីវិល ហើយបែងចែកដូចខាងក្រោម ៖ * កងទ័ពជើងគោកមាន ១៣៣ ៦២៧នាក់ * កងទ័ពអាកាសមាន ៥៩ ១១៨នាក់ * កងទ័ពជើងទឹកមាន ៤២ ៧៥២នាក់ * កងអាវុធហត្ថមាន ៩៧ ៧២៣នាក់ * ក្នុងសេវាសាធារណៈ (សុខភាព ការងារសង្គមកិច្ច)មាន១៤ ៦៨៣នាក់ == សេដ្ឋកិច្ច == បារាំងជាប្រទេសមានអនុភាពសេដ្ឋកិច្ចពិភពលោកលំដាប់ទី៦បន្ទាប់ពី [[សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក]] [[ជប៉ុន]] [[អាលឺម៉ង់]] [[ចិន]] និង [[អង់គ្លេស]]។​ {{Main|Economy of France|Energy in France}} {{Further|List of companies of France|Economic history of France}} A member of the [[G8]] group of leading industrialised countries, it is ranked as the world's [[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|seventh largest]] and the EU's [[List of sovereign states in Europe by GDP (nominal)|second largest]] economy by [[purchasing power parity]].<ref name="data.worldbank.org">[http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD?order=wbapi_data_value_2012+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&sort=desc GDP, PPP (current international $) | Data | Table<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> With 39 of the 500 biggest companies in the world in 2010, France ranks fourth in the [[Fortune Global 500]], ahead of Germany and the UK.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2010/countries/France.html |title=Global 500 by Country |publisher=CNN |date=26 July 2010 |accessdate=21 July 2011 |archive-date=26 មិថុនា 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626054821/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2010/countries/France.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> France joined 11 other EU members to launch the euro in 1999, with [[euro coins]] and [[euro banknotes|banknotes]] completely replacing the [[French franc]] (₣) in 2002.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/business/2001/euro_cash/history/ |title=History of the Euro |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=30 October 2010}}</ref> [[File:Golfech NPP cropped.jpg|thumb|France derives [[Nuclear power in France|75% of its electricity from nuclear power]], the highest percentage in the world.<ref name="energy profile">{{Cite news | last = EnerPub | title = France: Energy profile | work = Spero News | accessdate = 25 August 2007 | date = 8 June 2007 | url = http://www.speroforum.com/site/article.asp?idarticle=9839&t=France%3A+Energy+profile | archive-date = 4 តុលា 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071004212408/http://www.speroforum.com/site/article.asp?idarticle=9839&t=France%3A+Energy+profile | url-status = dead }}</ref> ]] France has a [[mixed economy]] which combines extensive private enterprise<ref>{{fr icon}} {{cite web|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id=0&ref_id=NATTEF09203|title=Entreprises selon le nombre de salariés et l'activité|publisher=[[INSEE]]|date=July 2008}}</ref><ref>{{fr icon}} {{cite web|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id=0&ref_id=NATTEF9303|title=Entreprises publiques selon l'activité économique|publisher=INSEE|date=March 2009}}</ref> with substantial state enterprise and government intervention. The government retains considerable influence over key segments of infrastructure sectors, with majority ownership of railway, electricity, aircraft, nuclear power and telecommunications.<ref name=France/> It has been relaxing its control over these sectors since the early [[1990s in economics|1990s]].<ref name=France/> The government is slowly [[Corporatization|corporatising]] the state sector and selling off holdings in [[Orange S.A.|France Télécom]], [[Air France]], as well as in the insurance, banking, and defence industries.<ref name=France/> France has an important aerospace industry led by the European consortium [[Airbus]], and has its own national [[spaceport]], the ''[[Centre Spatial Guyanais]]''. [[File:Eurozone.svg|thumb|France is part of a monetary union, the [[Eurozone]] (dark blue), and of the [[Internal Market (European Union)|EU single market]].]] According to the [[World Trade Organization]] (WTO), in 2009 France was the world's sixth largest exporter and the fourth largest importer of manufactured goods.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/its2008_e/its2008_e.pdf |title=International Trade Statistics 2008|page=12|year=2009|publisher=[[World Trade Organization]] (WTO)|accessdate=5 July 2011}}</ref> In 2008, France was the third largest recipient of [[foreign direct investment]] among OECD countries at $118 billion, ranking behind Luxembourg (where foreign direct investment was essentially monetary transfers to banks located there) and the US ($316&nbsp;billion), but above the UK ($96.9&nbsp;billion), Germany ($25&nbsp;billion), or Japan ($24&nbsp;billion).<ref name=FDI>{{cite web|url=http://www.unctad.org/sections/dite_dir/docs/wir09_fs_fr_en.pdf|publisher=[[United Nations Conference on Trade and Development]] (UNCTAD)|format=PDF|work=World Investment Report 2009|title=Country fact sheet: France|accessdate=7 October 2010|archivedate=4 កក្កដា 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704045547/http://www.unctad.org/sections/dite_dir/docs/wir09_fs_fr_en.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=FDI2>{{cite web|url=http://www.unctad.org/sections/dite_dir/docs/wir09_fs_jp_en.pdf|publisher=UNCTAD|format=PDF|work=World Investment Report 2009|title=Country fact sheet: Japan|accessdate=7 October 2010|archivedate=4 កក្កដា 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704045522/http://www.unctad.org/sections/dite_dir/docs/wir09_fs_jp_en.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the same year, French companies invested $220&nbsp;billion outside France, ranking France as the second largest outward direct investor in the OECD, behind the US ($311&nbsp;billion), and ahead of the UK ($111&nbsp;billion), Japan ($128&nbsp;billion) and Germany ($157&nbsp;billion).<ref name=FDI/><ref name=FDI2/> Financial services, banking and the insurance sector are an important part of the economy. The Paris stock exchange ({{lang-fr|link=no|La Bourse de Paris}}) is an old institution, created by [[Louis XV of France|Louis XV]] in 1724.<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.gralon.net/articles/economie-et-finance/bourse/article-la-bourse-de-paris---une-institution-depuis-1724-981.htm La Bourse de Paris : une institution depuis 1724]</ref> In 2000, the stock exchanges of Paris, Amsterdam and Bruxelles merged into [[Euronext]].<ref name = banque>{{cite web |author=Embassy of France |url=http://www.ambafrance-us.org/spip.php?article511 |title=Embassy of France in Washington: Economy of France |publisher=Ambafrance-us.org |accessdate=16 July 2011 |archivedate=9 តុលា 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009235442/http://ambafrance-us.org/spip.php?article511 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2007, Euronext merged with the [[New York stock exchange]] to form [[NYSE Euronext]], the world's largest stock exchange.<ref name = banque/> [[Euronext Paris]], the French branch of the NYSE Euronext group is Europe's 2nd largest stock exchange market, behind the [[London Stock Exchange]]. French companies have maintained key positions in the insurance and banking industries: [[AXA]] is the world's largest insurance company. The leading French banks are [[BNP Paribas]] and the [[Crédit Agricole]], ranking as the world's first and sixth largest banks in 2010<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.doughroller.net/banking/largest-banks-in-the-world/ |title=The 10 Largest Banks in the World |publisher=Doughroller.net |date=15 June 2010 |accessdate=16 July 2011}}</ref> (by assets), while the [[Société Générale]] group was ranked the world's eighth largest in 2009. France is the smallest emitter of [[Greenhouse gas|carbon dioxide]] among the [[G8]], due to its heavy investment in [[nuclear power]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/environment/air_co2_emissions.htm|title=CO₂ emissions per capita in 2006|publisher=United Nations|date=August 2009|work=Environmental Indicators |title=Greenhouse Gas Emissions}}</ref> As a result of large investments in nuclear technology, most electricity produced by France is generated by 59 nuclear power plants (75% in 2012).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Facts-and-Figures/Nuclear-generation-by-country/#.UkrawYakrOM |title=Nuclear shares of electricity generation |publisher=World-nuclear.org |date= |accessdate=1 October 2013 |archivedate=1 តុលា 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131001103413/http://world-nuclear.org/info/Facts-and-Figures/Nuclear-generation-by-country/#.UkrawYakrOM |url-status=dead }}</ref> In this context, renewable energies are having difficulty taking off. === Agriculture === [[File:Carcassonne-vignes-2.jpg|thumb|[[French wine|Vineyards]] near [[Carcassonne]]]] France has historically been a large producer of agricultural products.<ref name = agriculture>[http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Europe/France-AGRICULTURE.html France – Agriculture] – Encyclopedia of the Nations</ref> Large tracts of fertile land, the application of modern technology, and [[Common agricultural policy|EU subsidies]] have combined to make France the leading agricultural producer and exporter in Europe<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/economy_6815/overview-of-the-french-economy_6831/key-figures-of-the-french-economy_1402.html#sommaire_1|publisher=[[Minister of Foreign Affairs (France)|French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs]]|title=Key figures of the French economy|quote=France is the world’s fifth largest exporter of goods (mainly durables). The country ranks fourth in services and third in agriculture (especially in cereals and the agri-food sector). It is the leading producer and exporter of farm products in Europe.|access-date=2017-07-11|archivedate=2010-01-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100114024542/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/economy_6815/overview-of-the-french-economy_6831/key-figures-of-the-french-economy_1402.html#sommaire_1|url-status=dead}}</ref> (representing 20% of the EU's agricultural production<ref name="ministère">[http://agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/panorama_agriculture_ed2008EN.pdf A panorama of the agriculture and agri-food industries] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100921021111/http://agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/panorama_agriculture_ed2008EN.pdf |date=2010-09-21 }} – Ministère de l'Alimentation, de l'Agriculture et de la Pêche</ref>) and the world's third biggest exporter of agricultural products.<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://agriculture.gouv.fr/un-ministere-au-service-de-votre Un ministère au service de votre alimentation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100806180615/http://agriculture.gouv.fr/un-ministere-au-service-de-votre |date=2010-08-06 }} – Ministère de l'Alimentation, de l'Agriculture et de la Pêche</ref> Wheat, poultry, dairy, beef, and pork, as well as internationally recognized processed foods are the primary French agricultural exports. [[Rosé|Rosé wines]] are primarily consumed within the country, but [[champagne (wine)|champagne]] and [[Bordeaux wine|Bordeaux]] wines are major exports, being known worldwide. EU agriculture subsidies to France have decreased in recent years, but still amounted to $8&nbsp;billion in 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/fin/directaid/2007/annex1_en.pdf|title=Financial year 2007|work=Distribution of direct aid to farmers |format=PDF |publisher=[[European Commission]]|date=22 April 2009|accessdate=7 October 2010}}</ref> That same year, France sold 33.4&nbsp;billion euros of transformed agricultural products.<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://panorama-iaa.alimentation.gouv.fr/ Les enjeux des industries agroalimentaires françaises] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111229143438/http://panorama-iaa.alimentation.gouv.fr/ |date=2011-12-29 }} – Panorama des Industries Agroalimentaires</ref> Agriculture is thus an important sector of France's economy: 3.8% of the active population is employed in agriculture, whereas the total agri-food industry made up 4.2% of French GDP in 2005.<ref name="ministère"/> === Labour market === French GDP per capita is similar to comparable European countries such as Germany and the UK.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2004rank.html|title=Rank Order – GDP – per capita (PPP)|year=2012|publisher=The World Factbook|accessdate=5 July 2013|archivedate=24 មេសា 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424075526/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2004rank.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> GDP per capita is determined by (i) productivity per hour worked, (ii) the number of hours worked, which is one of the lowest of developed countries,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.conference-board.org/data/economydatabase/#GDP_perHourWorked |title=France is at 1480 hours, compared to an average of 1650 in European countries |publisher=Conference-board.org |date= |accessdate=30 September 2013}}</ref> and (iii) the employment rate. France has one of the lowest 15–64 years employment rates of the OECD countries: in 2012, only 71% of the French population aged 15–64 years were in employment, compared to 74% in Japan, 77% in the UK, 73% in the US and 77% in Germany.<ref name="Employment2004">{{cite web |author=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |year=2012 |url=http://www.oecd.org/els/emp/employmentoutlookstatisticalannex.htm |title=OECD Employment Outlook 2012 – Statistical Annex |format=PDF |accessdate=29 June 2013}}</ref> This gap is due to the low employment rate for 15–24 years old: 38% in 2012, compared to 47% in the OECD. This low rate is explained by the high [[minimum wage]]s which prevent low productivity workers – such as young people – from easily entering the labour market,<ref>{{fr icon}} {{cite book |authorlink=Philippe Aghion|author=Philippe Aghion|coauthors=Gilbert Cette, Élie Cohen and [[Jean Pisani-Ferry]]|publisher=Conseil d'analyse économique|year=2007|url=http://www.cae.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/072.pdf |title=Les leviers de la croissance française |accessdate=1 September 2008|page=55|format=PDF|isbn=978-2-11-006946-7|place=Paris}}</ref> ineffective university curricula that fail to prepare students adequately for the labour market.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.olis.oecd.org/olis/2007doc.nsf/LinkTo/NT00002ECA/$FILE/JT03230693.PDF|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090310212706/http://www.olis.oecd.org/olis/2007doc.nsf/LinkTo/NT00002ECA/$FILE/JT03230693.PDF|archivedate=10 March 2009|title=Enhancing Incentives to Improve Performances in the Education System in France|publisher=OECD|date=1 August 2007|quote=Initial education, especially secondary education and the universities, along with labour market policies themselves, do not always succeed in improving labour market entry for a significant proportion of young people.|format=PDF|accessdate=26 December 2011}}</ref> It has been argued that French laws that protect full-time workers have the effect of trapping highly educated youth into temporary and informal employment, because of the difficulty and expense of dealing with formal full-time employees.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/03/world/europe/young-and-educated-in-france-find-employment-elusive.html "Young, Educated and Jobless in France."]</ref> In July 2013, the unemployment rate for France was 11%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&language=en&pcode=teilm020&tableSelection=1&plugin=1 |title=Harmonised unemployment rate by gender – total – % (SA) |publisher=Epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu |date=11 March 2011 |accessdate=21 July 2011}}</ref> Shorter working hours and the reluctance to reform the labour market are mentioned as weak spots of the French economy in the view of [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]] commentators, whilst the [[Left-wing politics|left]] claims lack of government policies fostering social justice. [[Economic liberalism|Liberal economists]] have stated repeatedly that the main problem in the French economy is the issue of structural reforms, in order to increase the size of the working population in the overall population, reduce the taxation level and the administrative burden. [[Keynesian economics|Keynesian economists]] have different answers to the unemployment issue, and their theories led to the [[35-hour workweek]] law in the 2000s (decade), which turned out to be a failure in reducing unemployment. Afterwards, between 2004 and 2008, the government made some supply-side reforms to combat unemployment but met with fierce resistance,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/europe/04/04/france.jobslaw/index.html |title=More than 1 million protest French jobs law |publisher=CNN |accessdate=21 July 2011 |archive-date=30 ឧសភា 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530180006/http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/europe/04/04/france.jobslaw/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> especially with the ''[[contrat nouvelle embauche]]'' and the ''[[First Employment Contract|contrat première embauche]]'' which both were eventually repealed.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4816306.stm |title=Q&A: French labour law row |publisher=BBC News |date=11 April 2006 |accessdate=21 July 2011}}</ref> The Sarkozy government used the ''[[revenu de solidarité active]]'' to redress the negative effect of the ''[[revenu minimum d'insertion]]'' on the incentive to work.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rsa.gouv.fr/-English-version-.html |title=Le Revenu de Solidarité active |publisher=Rsa.gouv.fr |accessdate=9 August 2010 |archivedate=17 កក្កដា 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100717012046/http://www.rsa.gouv.fr/-English-version-.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> === ទេសចរណ៍ === {{Main|Tourism in France}} [[File:Versailles-Chateau-VueJardins1.jpg|thumb|The [[Palace of Versailles]] is one of the most popular tourist destinations in France.]] With 83&nbsp;million foreign tourists in 2012,<ref name="tourism.stat" /> France is [[World Tourism rankings|ranked]] as the first tourist destination in the world, ahead of the US (67&nbsp;million) and China (58&nbsp;million). This 83&nbsp;million figure excludes people staying less than 24 hours, such as North Europeans crossing France on their way to Spain or Italy. It is third in income from tourism due to shorter duration of visits.<ref>{{Cite news | first=Sarah | last=Dilorenzo | title=France learns to welcome, to speak 'touriste' | url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/france-learns-speak-touriste-0 | newspaper=[[The Burlington Free Press]] | location=[[Burlington, Vermont]] | pages=5A | date=20 July 2013 | accessdate=20 July 2013 | archive-date=22 សីហា 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130822043825/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/france-learns-speak-touriste-0 | url-status=dead }}</ref><!---sources for hard and soft copy differ but are identical articles---> [[File:Mont Saint-Michel France.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Mont Saint-Michel]] is one of the most visited sites of France]] France has 37 sites inscribed in [[List of World Heritage Sites in France|UNESCO's World Heritage List]] and features cities of high cultural interest, beaches and seaside resorts, [[ski]] resorts, and rural regions that many enjoy for their beauty and tranquillity ([[Ecotourism|green tourism]]). Small and picturesque French villages are promoted through the association ''[[Les Plus Beaux Villages de France]]'' (litt. "The Most Beautiful Villages of France"). The "[[Remarkable Gardens of France|Remarkable Gardens]]" label is a list of the over 200 gardens classified by the [[Minister of Culture (France)|French Ministry of Culture]]. This label is intended to protect and promote remarkable gardens and [[park]]s. France attracts many religious pilgrims on their [[Way of St. James|way to St. James]], or to [[Lourdes]], a town in the [[Hautes-Pyrénées]] that hosts several million visitors a year. France, especially Paris, has some of the world's largest and renowned museums, including the [[Musée du Louvre|Louvre]], which is the [[List of most visited art museums in the world|most visited art museum in the world]], the [[Musée d'Orsay]], mostly devoted to [[impressionism]], and [[Centre Georges Pompidou|Beaubourg]], dedicated to [[Contemporary art]]. [[File:France Loir-et-Cher Chambord Chateau 03.jpg|thumb|The [[Château de Chambord]] is one of the many [[List of French monarchs|French royal]] residences of the [[Loire Valley]].]] [[Disneyland Paris]] is Europe's most popular theme park, with 15 million combined visitors to the resort's [[Disneyland Park (Paris)|Disneyland Park]] and [[Walt Disney Studios Park]] in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|format=PDF|url=http://www.themeit.com/etea/2009report.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100602032710/http://www.themeit.com/etea/2009report.pdf|archivedate=2 June 2010|publisher=Themed Entertainment Association|title=2009 Theme Index. The Global Attractions Attendance Report, 2009|accessdate=7 October 2010}}</ref> With more than 10 millions tourists a year, the [[French Riviera]] (or ''Côte d'Azur''), in south-east France, is the second leading tourist destination in the country, after the [[Île-de-France (region)|Paris region]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.frenchriviera-tourism.com/regional-tourism-organization/the-french-riviera-tourist-board-06_191.html |title=The French Riviera Tourist Board |publisher=Frenchriviera-tourism.com |accessdate=23 January 2011 |archivedate=25 មេសា 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110425152011/http://www.frenchriviera-tourism.com/regional-tourism-organization/the-french-riviera-tourist-board-06_191.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> It benefits from 300 days of sunshine per year, {{convert|115|km}} of coastline and beaches, 18 golf courses, 14 ski resorts and 3,000 restaurants.<ref>Côte d'Azur Economic Development Agency. [http://www.crdp-nice.net/dp/IMG/pdf/Kit_Info_Cote_d_Azur_FR_Version_sept_07.pdf p. 31 CRDP-Nice.net] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116144834/http://www.crdp-nice.net/dp/IMG/pdf/Kit_Info_Cote_d_Azur_FR_Version_sept_07.pdf |date=2013-01-16 }}</ref> Each year the ''Côte d'Azur'' hosts 50% of the world's [[Luxury yacht|superyacht]] fleet.<ref>Côte d'Azur Economic Development Agency, [http://www.crdp-nice.net/dp/IMG/pdf/Kit_Info_Cote_d_Azur_FR_Version_sept_07.pdf p. 66] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116144834/http://www.crdp-nice.net/dp/IMG/pdf/Kit_Info_Cote_d_Azur_FR_Version_sept_07.pdf |date=2013-01-16 }}</ref> Another major destination are the ''Châteaux'' of the [[Loire Valley]], this [[World Heritage Site]] is noteworthy for its architectural heritage, in its historic towns but in particular its castles (''châteaux''), such as the [[Château]]x d'[[Château d'Amboise|Amboise]], de Chambord, d'[[Château d'Ussé|Ussé]], de [[Château de Villandry|Villandry]] and [[Château de Chenonceau|Chenonceau]]. The most popular tourist sites include: (according to a 2003 ranking<ref>{{fr icon}} {{cite web|url=http://www2.culture.gouv.fr/deps/mini_chiff_03/fr/musee.htm|title=Fréquentation des musées et des bâtiments historiques|access-date=2017-07-11|archivedate=2007-12-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071224180811/http://www2.culture.gouv.fr/deps/mini_chiff_03/fr/musee.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> visitors per year): [[Eiffel Tower]] (6.2&nbsp;million), Louvre Museum (5.7&nbsp;million), Palace of Versailles (2.8&nbsp;million), Musée d'Orsay (2.1&nbsp;million), [[Arc de Triomphe]] (1.2&nbsp;million), [[Centre Georges Pompidou|Centre Pompidou]] (1.2&nbsp;million), [[Mont Saint-Michel]] (1&nbsp;million), Château de Chambord (711,000), [[Sainte-Chapelle]] (683,000), [[Château du Haut-Kœnigsbourg]] (549,000), [[Puy de Dôme]] (500,000), [[Musée Picasso]] (441,000), [[Carcassonne]] (362,000). === Transport === {{Main|Transport in France|Rail transport in France}} [[File:TGV-Duplex Paris.jpg|thumb|A [[TGV Duplex]], which can reach a maximum speed of {{convert|320|km/h|2|abbr=on}}.]] The railway network of France, which {{as of|lc=y|2008}} stretches {{convert|29473|km|mi|0}}<ref>{{fr icon}} {{cite web|format=PDF|url=http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/Chiffres_transport-pdf.pdf|title=Chiffres clés du transport 2010|accessdate=7 October 2010|archivedate=1 មិថុនា 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601124351/http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/Chiffres_transport-pdf.pdf|url-status=dead}} – [http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/ Site officiel] du [[Ministry of Ecology, Energy, Sustainable Development and Sea|Ministère de l'Écologie, de l'Énergie, du Développement Durable et de la Mer]]</ref> is the second most extensive in Western Europe after the German one.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2121rank.html?countryName=France&countryCode=fr&regionCode=eu&rank=9#fr |title=Country comparison : railways – The World Factbook |publisher=Cia.gov |date= |accessdate=1 October 2013 |archivedate=4 តុលា 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215524/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2121rank.html?countryName=France&countryCode=fr&regionCode=eu&rank=9#fr |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is operated by the [[SNCF]], and high-speed trains include the [[Thalys]], the [[Eurostar]] and [[TGV]], which travels at {{convert|320|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} in commercial use.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/frenchtgv/ |title=TGV High-Speed Rail Network, France |publisher=Railway-technology.com |accessdate=21 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://h2g2.com/dna/h2g2/A711785 |title=h2g2 – TGV – The French High-speed Train Service |publisher=BBC |accessdate=21 July 2011 |archivedate=16 កក្កដា 2012 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120716194231/http://h2g2.com/dna/h2g2/A711785 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Eurostar, along with the [[Eurotunnel Shuttle]], connects with the United Kingdom through the [[Channel Tunnel]]. Rail connections exist to all other neighbouring countries in Europe, except [[Andorra]]. Intra-urban connections are also well developed with both [[Rapid transit|underground services]] and tramway services complementing bus services. There are approximately {{convert|1027183|km|mi|0}} of serviceable roadway in France, ranking it the most extensive network of the European continent.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2085rank.html?countryName=France&countryCode=fr&regionCode=eu&rank=7#fr |title=Country Comparison : roadways – The World Factbook |publisher=Cia.gov |date= |accessdate=1 October 2013 |archivedate=13 ឧសភា 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513121037/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2085rank.html?countryName=France&countryCode=fr&regionCode=eu&rank=7#fr |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Paris region is enveloped with the most dense network of roads and highways that connect it with virtually all parts of the country. French roads also handle substantial international traffic, connecting with cities in neighbouring Belgium, Spain, Andorra, Monaco, Switzerland, Germany and Italy. There is no annual registration fee or [[road tax]]; however, motorway usage is through tolls except in the vicinity of large communes. The new car market is dominated by domestic brands such as [[Renault]] (27% of cars sold in France in 2003), [[Peugeot]] (20.1%) and [[Citroën]] (13.5%).<ref>{{fr icon}} L'automobile magazine, hors-série 2003/2004 page 294</ref> Over 70% of new cars sold in 2004 had [[diesel engine]]s, far more than contained petrol or [[Liquified petroleum gas|LPG]] engines.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ademe.fr/particuliers/fiches/voiture/rub3.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006095330/http://www.ademe.fr/particuliers/fiches/voiture/rub3.htm |archivedate=6 October 2008 |title=Guide pratique de l' ADEME, la voiture |publisher=Ademe.fr |accessdate=22 October 2008}}</ref> France possesses the [[Millau Viaduct]], the world's tallest bridge,<ref>{{cite news|last=Bockman |first=Chris |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3237329.stm |title=France builds world's tallest bridge |publisher=BBC News |date=4 November 2003 |accessdate=21 July 2011}}</ref> and has built many important bridges such as the [[Pont de Normandie]]. There are 475 [[List of airports in France|airports]] in France.<ref name=France>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html |title=The World Factbook: France |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |accessdate=23 January 2013 |archivedate=24 ធ្នូ 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211127/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Charles de Gaulle Airport]], located in the vicinity of Paris, is the largest and busiest airport in the country, handling the vast majority of popular and commercial traffic and connecting Paris with virtually all major cities across the world. [[Air France]] is the national carrier airline, although numerous private airline companies provide domestic and international travel services. There are ten major ports in France, the largest of which is in [[Marseille]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080517035156/http://www.bdpinternational.com/news/StrikesblockFrenchports.asp Strikes block French ports]. The Journal of Commerce Online (via BDP International). 23 April 2008</ref> which also is the largest bordering the Mediterranean Sea.<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.laprovence.com/article/region/marseille-un-grand-port-maritime-qui-ne-demande-qua-se-montrer Marseille : un grand port maritime qui ne demande qu'à se montrer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114060851/http://www.laprovence.com/article/region/marseille-un-grand-port-maritime-qui-ne-demande-qua-se-montrer |date=2012-11-14 }} – La Provence</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.hotelclub.com/marseille/ |title=Marseille – A French Pearl in the Mediterranean Sea |publisher=Blog.hotelclub.com |date=22 February 2010 |accessdate=21 July 2011 |archivedate=24 កុម្ភៈ 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100224075407/http://blog.hotelclub.com/marseille/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{convert|12261|km|mi|0}} of waterways traverse France including the [[Canal du Midi]] which connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean through the [[Garonne]] river.<ref name =France/> == វប្បធម៌ == {{Main|វប្បធម៌បារាំង}} ប្រទេសបារាំងគឺជាមជ្ឈមណ្ឌលនៃការអភិវឌ្ឍន៍វប្បធម៌លោកខាងលិចអស់ជាច្រើនសតវត្សមកហើយ។ វិចិត្រករបារាំងជាច្រើនបានស្ថិតក្នុងចំណោមអ្នកល្បីល្បាញបំផុតនៃសម័យកាលរបស់ពួកគេ ហើយប្រទេសបារាំងនៅតែត្រូវបានទទួលស្គាល់នៅលើពិភពលោកសម្រាប់ប្រពៃណីវប្បធម៌ដ៏សម្បូរបែបរបស់វា។ The successive political regimes have always promoted artistic creation, and the creation of the [[Minister of Culture (France)|Ministry of Culture]] in 1959 helped preserve the cultural heritage of the country and make it available to the public. The Ministry of Culture has been very active since its creation, granting subsidies to artists, promoting French culture in the world, supporting festivals and cultural events, protecting [[Monument historique|historical monuments]]. The French government also succeeded in maintaining a [[cultural exception]] to defend audiovisual products made in the country. France receives the highest number of tourists per year, largely thanks to the numerous cultural establishments and historical buildings implanted all over the territory. It counts 1,200 [[List of museums in France|museums]] welcoming more than 50&nbsp;million people annually.<ref>Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, "Cultura statistics", [http://www2.culture.gouv.fr/culture/deps/2008/pdf/minichiffrescles2010-en.pdf Key figures] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118171647/http://www2.culture.gouv.fr/culture/deps/2008/pdf/minichiffrescles2010-en.pdf |date=2012-01-18 }}</ref> The most important cultural sites are run by the government, for instance through the public agency [[Centre des monuments nationaux]], which is responsible for approximately 85 national historical monuments. The 43,180 buildings protected as historical monuments include mainly residences (many [[List of castles in France|castles]], or ''[[château]]x'' in French) and religious buildings ([[List of cathedrals in France|cathedrals]], [[List of basilicas in France|basilicas]], churches, etc.), but also statutes, memorials and [[Gardens of France|gardens]]. The [[UNESCO]] inscribed 38 sites in [[Table of World Heritage Sites by country|France on the World Heritage List]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/fr|title=Official properties inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in France |publisher=Whc.unesco.org |accessdate=31 December 2012}}</ref> === សិល្បៈ === {{Main|French art}} [[File:Claude Monet 023.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Claude Monet]] founded the [[Impressionist]] movement (''Femme avec un parasol'', 1886, [[Musée d'Orsay]]).]] The origins of French art were very much influenced by [[Flemish art]] and by [[Italian art]] at the time of the Renaissance. [[Jean Fouquet]], the most famous medieval French painter, is said to have been the first to travel to Italy and experience the Early Renaissance at first hand. The Renaissance painting [[School of Fontainebleau]] was directly inspired by Italian painters such as [[Primaticcio]] and [[Rosso Fiorentino]], who both worked in France. Two of the most famous French artists of the time of [[Baroque era]], [[Nicolas Poussin]] and [[Claude Lorrain]], lived in Italy. The 17th century was the period when French painting became prominent and individualized itself through classicism. Louis XIV's prime minister [[Jean-Baptiste Colbert]] founded in 1648 the [[Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture]] to protect these artists, and in 1666 he created the still-active [[French Academy in Rome]] to have direct relations with Italian artists. French artists developed the [[rococo]] style in the 18th century, as a more intimate imitation of old baroque style, the works of the court-endorsed artists [[Antoine Watteau]], [[François Boucher]] and [[Jean-Honoré Fragonard]] being the most representative in the country. The French Revolution brought great changes, as [[Napoleon]] favoured artists of [[neoclassicism|neoclassic style]] such as [[Jacques-Louis David]] and the highly influential [[Académie des Beaux-Arts]] defined the style known as [[Academism]]. At this time France had become a centre of artistic creation, the first half of the 19th century being dominated by two successive movements, at first [[Romanticism]] with [[Théodore Géricault]] and [[Eugène Delacroix]], and [[Realism (arts)|Realism]] with [[Camille Corot]], [[Gustave Courbet]] and [[Jean-François Millet]], a style that eventually evolved into [[Naturalism (arts)|Naturalism]]. [[File:LE PENSEUR - Museo Rodin- PARIS.jpg|thumb|left|upright|''[[The Thinker|Le Penseur]]'' by [[Auguste Rodin]] (1902), [[Musée Rodin]], Paris.]] In the second part of the 19th century, France's influence over painting became even more important, with the development of new styles of painting such as [[Impressionism]] and [[Symbolism (arts)|Symbolism]]. The most famous impressionist painters of the period were [[Camille Pissarro]], [[Édouard Manet]], [[Edgar Degas]], Claude Monet and [[Auguste Renoir]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/learn-about-art/guide-to-impressionism/guide-to-impressionism |title=Guide to Impressionism |publisher=Nationalgallery.org.uk |accessdate=22 July 2011}}</ref> The second generation of impressionist-style painters, [[Paul Cézanne]], [[Paul Gauguin]], [[Toulouse-Lautrec]] and [[Georges Seurat]], were also at the avant-garde of artistic evolutions,<ref>{{fr icon}} RFI, [http://www.rfi.fr/actufr/articles/063/article_34792.asp Le néo-impressionnisme de Seurat à Paul Klee] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010120343/http://www.rfi.fr/actufr/articles/063/article_34792.asp |date=2017-10-10 }} 15 March 2005</ref> as well as the [[fauvism|fauvist artists]] [[Henri Matisse]], [[André Derain]] and [[Maurice de Vlaminck]].<ref>National Gallery of Art (United States), [http://www.nga.gov/feature/artnation/fauve/index.shtm The Fauves (dossier)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101105195501/http://www.nga.gov/feature/artnation/fauve/index.shtm |date=2010-11-05 }}</ref><ref>{{fr icon}} RFI, [http://www.rfi.fr/culturefr/articles/098/article_63189.asp Vlaminck, version fauve] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010120345/http://www.rfi.fr/culturefr/articles/098/article_63189.asp |date=2017-10-10 }}, 25 February 2008</ref> At the beginning of 20th century, Cubism was developed by [[Georges Braque]] and the Spanish painter [[Pablo Picasso]], living in Paris. Other foreign artists also settled and worked in or near Paris, such as [[Vincent van Gogh]], [[Marc Chagall]], [[Amedeo Modigliani]] and [[Wassily Kandinsky]]. Many museums in France are entirely or partly devoted to sculptures and painting works. A huge collection of old masterpieces created before or during the 18th century are displayed in the state-owned [[Musée du Louvre]], such as [[Mona Lisa]], also known as La Joconde. While the [[Louvre Palace]] has been for a long time a museum, the Musée d'Orsay was inaugurated in 1986 in the old railway station [[Gare d'Orsay]], in a major reorganization of national art collections, to gather French paintings from the second part of the 19th century (mainly Impressionism and Fauvism movements).<ref>Musée d'Orsay (official website), History of the museum – [http://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/collections/history-of-the-museum/home.html From station to museum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320200810/http://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/collections/history-of-the-museum/home.html |date=2018-03-20 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/collections/history-of-the-collections/painting.html |title=History of the painting collection |publisher=Musee-orsay.fr |date=31 July 2007 |accessdate=22 July 2011}}</ref> Modern works are presented in the [[Musée National d'Art Moderne]], which moved in 1976 to the [[Centre Georges Pompidou]]. These three state-owned museums welcome close to 17&nbsp;million people a year.<ref name=sites>{{fr icon}} Ministry of Tourism, [http://www.tourisme.gouv.fr/stat_etudes/memento/2009/sites.pdf Sites touristiques en France] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511093631/http://www.tourisme.gouv.fr/stat_etudes/memento/2009/sites.pdf |date=2011-05-11 }} page 2 "Palmarès des 30 premiers sites culturels (entrées comptabilisées)" [Ranking of 30 most visited cultural sites in France]</ref> Other national museums hosting paintings include the [[Grand Palais]] (1.3&nbsp;million visitors in 2008), but there are also many museums owned by cities, the most visited being the [[Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris]] (0.8&nbsp;million entries in 2008), which hosts contemporary works.<ref name=sites/> Outside Paris, all the large cities have a Museum of Fine Arts with a section dedicated to European and French painting. Some of the finest collections are in [[Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon|Lyon]], [[Palais des Beaux-Arts de Lille|Lille]], [[Musée des Beaux-Arts de Rouen|Rouen]], [[Musée des Beaux-Arts de Dijon|Dijon]], [[Musée des Beaux-Arts de Rennes|Rennes]] and [[Museum of Grenoble|Grenoble]]. === ស្ថាបត្យកម្ម === {{Main|French architecture}} [[File:Sainte chapelle - Upper level.jpg|thumb|[[Louis IX of France|Saint Louis']] [[Sainte Chapelle]] represents the French impact on religious architecture.]] [[File:Palais Garnier's grand salon, 12 February 2008.jpg|thumb|[[Opéra Garnier]], Paris, a symbol of the French [[Second Empire (architecture)|Second Empire]] style]] [[File:Tour eiffel at sunrise from the trocadero.jpg|thumb|upright|The world's most visited paid monument,<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.lemonde.fr/cgi-bin/ACHATS/acheter.cgi?offre=ARCHIVES&type_item=ART_ARCH_30J&objet_id=998920&clef=ARC-TRK-D_01 Tour Eiffel et souvenirs de Paris]</ref> the [[Eiffel Tower]] is an icon of both Paris and France.]] During the Middle Ages, many fortified [[castle]]s were built by feudal nobles to mark their powers. Some French castles that survived are [[Chinon (castle)|Chinon]], [[Château d'Angers]], the massive [[Château de Vincennes]] and the so-called [[Cathar castles]]. During this era, France had been using [[Romanesque architecture]] like most of Western Europe. Some of the greatest examples of Romanesque churches in France are the [[Basilique de Saint-Sernin, Toulouse|Saint Sernin Basilica]] in [[Toulouse, France|Toulouse]], the largest romanesque church in Europe,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.europeupclose.com/article/toulouses-saint-sernin-largest-romanesque-church-in-europe/ |title=Toulouse’s Saint Sernin, Largest Romanesque Church in Europe |publisher=Europeupclose.com |date=22 February 1999 |accessdate=22 July 2011}}</ref> and the remains of the [[Cluny Abbey|Cluniac Abbey]]. The [[Gothic architecture]], originally named ''Opus Francigenum'' meaning « French work »,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.answers.com/topic/opus-francigenum-art |title=Opus Francigenum |publisher=Answers.com |accessdate=22 July 2011}}</ref> was born in [[Île-de-France]] and was the first French style of architecture to be copied in all Europe.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.justfrance.org/france/architecture/001.asp |title=The Gothic Period |publisher=Justfrance.org |accessdate=22 July 2011 |archivedate=18 កក្កដា 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718181401/http://www.justfrance.org/france/architecture/001.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> Northern France is the home of some of the most important Gothic [[cathedral]]s and basilicas, the first of these being the [[Saint Denis Basilica]] (used as the royal necropolis); other important French Gothic cathedrals are [[Cathedral of Chartres|Notre-Dame de Chartres]] and [[Amiens Cathedral|Notre-Dame d'Amiens]]. The kings were crowned in another important Gothic church: [[Notre-Dame de Reims]].<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.cathedrale-reims.culture.fr/histoire.html Histoire et Architecture] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809141112/http://www.cathedrale-reims.culture.fr/histoire.html |date=2016-08-09 }} – [http://www.cathedrale-reims.culture.fr/ Site officiel de la Cathedrale de Notre-Dame de Reims] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717234437/http://www.cathedrale-reims.culture.fr/ |date=2016-07-17 }}</ref> Aside from churches, Gothic Architecture had been used for many religious palaces, the most important one being the [[Palais des Papes]] in Avignon. The final victory in the Hundred Years' War marked an important stage in the evolution of French architecture. It was the time of the [[French Renaissance]] and several artists from Italy were invited to the French court; many residential palaces were built in the [[Loire Valley]]. Such residential castles were the [[Château de Chambord]], the [[Château de Chenonceau]], or the [[Château d'Amboise]]. Following the renaissance and the end of the Middle Ages, [[French Baroque architecture|Baroque architecture]] replaced the traditional Gothic style. However, in France, baroque architecture found a greater success in the secular domain than in a religious one.<ref>{{fr icon}} Claude Lébedel – Les Splendeurs du Baroque en France: ''Histoire et splendeurs du baroque en France'' page 9: “Si en allant plus loin, on prononce les mots ‘art baroque en France’, on provoque alors le plus souvent une moue interrogative, parfois seulement étonnée, parfois franchement réprobatrice: Mais voyons, l'art baroque n'existe pas en France!”</ref> In the secular domain, the [[Palace of Versailles]] has many baroque features. [[Jules Hardouin Mansart]], who designed the extensions to Versailles, was one of the most influential French architect of the baroque era; he is famous for his dome at [[Les Invalides]].<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/?id=jLmFbEdqBDUC&pg=PA86&dq=Mansart+influential#v=onepage&q=influential&f=false |title=Architecture and the Politics of Gender in Early Modern Europe |first=Helen|last= Hills|page=86 |isbn=9780754603092|publisher=Ashgate Publishing |year=2003}}</ref> Some of the most impressive provincial baroque architecture is found in places that were not yet French such as the [[Place Stanislas]] in [[Nancy, France|Nancy]]. On the military architectural side, [[Vauban]] designed some of the most efficient fortresses in Europe and became an influential military architect; as a result, imitations of his works can be found all over Europe, the Americas, Russia and Turkey.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1283 |title=Fortifications of Vauban |publisher=Whc.unesco.org |date=8 July 2008 |accessdate=9 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.unesco.org/ |title=Official site of the UNESCO |publisher=Unesco.org |accessdate=9 August 2010}}</ref> After the Revolution, the [[Republicanism|Republicans]] favoured [[Neoclassicism]] although neoclassicism was introduced in France prior to the revolution with such building as the [[Panthéon, Paris|Parisian Pantheon]] or the [[Capitole de Toulouse]]. Built during the first French Empire, the [[Arc de Triomphe]] and [[Église de la Madeleine|Sainte Marie-Madeleine]] represent the best example of [[Empire style]] architecture.<ref>{{cite book |title= Paris: City Guide |year= 2008 |publisher=Lonely Planet |isbn=1-74059-850-4|page= 48 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=OtabdzMdbboC&pg=PA48}}</ref> Under [[Napoleon III]], a new wave of urbanism and architecture was given birth; extravagant buildings such as the neo-baroque [[Palais Garnier]] were built. The urban planning of the time was very organised and rigorous; for example, [[Haussmann's renovation of Paris]]. The architecture associated to this era is named [[Second Empire (architecture)|Second Empire]] in English, the term being taken from the [[Second French Empire]]. At this time there was a strong Gothic resurgence across Europe and in France; the associated architect was [[Eugène Viollet-le-Duc]]. In the late 19th century, [[Gustave Eiffel]] designed many bridges, such as [[Garabit viaduct]], and remains one of the most influential bridge designers of his time, although he is best remembered for the iconic [[Eiffel Tower]]. In the 20th century, French-Swiss architect [[Le Corbusier]] designed several buildings in France. More recently, French architects have combined both modern and old architectural styles. The [[Louvre Pyramid]] is an example of modern architecture added to an older building. The most difficult buildings to integrate within French cities are skyscrapers, as they are visible from afar. For instance, in Paris, since 1977, new buildings had to be under 37 meters, or 121 feet.<ref>[http://lci.tf1.fr/posez-vos-questions/2008-07/gratte-ciel-paris-pensez-vous-4872555.html Des gratte-ciel à Paris : qu'en pensez-vous ?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101029152433/http://lci.tf1.fr/posez-vos-questions/2008-07/gratte-ciel-paris-pensez-vous-4872555.html |date=2010-10-29 }} – [[La Chaîne Info|LCI]]</ref> France's largest financial district is [[La Defense]], where a significant number of skyscrapers are located.<ref>[http://www.groupenci.com/uk/ile-de-france/defense.com-square.html In the heart of the main European Business area] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729154317/http://www.groupenci.com/uk/ile-de-france/defense.com-square.html |date=2010-07-29 }} – NCI Business Center</ref> Other massive buildings that are a challenge to integrate into their environment are large bridges; an example of the way this has been done is the [[Millau Viaduct]]. Some famous modern French architects include [[Jean Nouvel]], [[Dominique Perrault]], [[Christian de Portzamparc]] or [[Paul Andreu]]. === អក្សរសិល្ប៍ === {{Main|French literature}} [[File:French literary figures.jpg|thumb|French literary figures. Clockwise from top left: [[Molière]] is the most played author in the [[Comédie-Française]];<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.comedie-francaise.fr/histoire-et-patrimoine?id=525 Auteurs et répertoires] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100919234251/http://comedie-francaise.fr/histoire-et-patrimoine?id=525 |date=2010-09-19 }} – Official site of the Comédie Française</ref> [[Victor Hugo]] is one of the most important French novelists and poets, and is sometimes seen as the greatest French writer of all time.<ref name = victor>{{cite web|url=http://www.lecavalierbleu.com/images/30/extrait_75.pdf |title=Victor Hugo est le plus grand écrivain français |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=29 September 2013}}</ref> 19th-century poet, writer, and translator [[Charles Baudelaire]]; 20th-century philosopher and novelist [[Jean-Paul Sartre]]. |តំនភ្ជាប់=Special:FilePath/French_literary_figures.jpg]] The earliest French literature dates from the [[Middle Age]]s, when what is now known as modern France did not have a single, uniform language. There were several languages and dialects and writers used their own spelling and grammar. Some authors of French mediaeval texts are unknown, such as ''[[Tristan and Iseult]]'' and ''[[Lancelot-Grail]]''. Other authors are known, for example [[Chrétien de Troyes]] and [[William IX of Aquitaine|Duke William IX of Aquitaine]], who wrote in [[Occitan]]. Much mediaeval French poetry and literature were inspired by the legends of the [[Matter of France]], such as ''[[The Song of Roland]]'' and the various [[chansons de geste]]. The ''Roman de Renart'', written in 1175 by Perrout de Saint Cloude, tells the story of the mediaeval character [[Reynard]] ('the Fox') and is another example of early French writing. An important 16th-century writer was [[François Rabelais]], whose novel ''[[Gargantua and Pantagruel]]'' has remained famous and appreciated until now. [[Michel de Montaigne]] was the other major figure of the French literature during that century. His most famous work, ''[[Essays (Montaigne)|Essais]]'', created the literary genre of the essay.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.humanistictexts.org/montaigne.htm |title=Montaigne |publisher=Humanistictexts.org |accessdate=22 July 2011 |archivedate=25 ឧសភា 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525201508/http://www.humanistictexts.org/montaigne.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[French poetry]] during that century was embodied by [[Pierre de Ronsard]] and [[Joachim du Bellay]]. Both writers founded the [[La Pléiade]] literary movement. During the 17th century, [[Madame de La Fayette]] published anonymously ''[[La Princesse de Clèves]]'', a novel that is considered to be one of the very first [[psychological novel]]s of all times.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiodramareviews.com/id438.html |title=La Princesse de Cleves by Madame de Lafayette, adapted by Jo Clifford |publisher=Radiodramareviews.com |date=28 February 2010 |accessdate=22 July 2011}}</ref> [[Jean de La Fontaine]] is one of the most famous [[fabulist]] of that time, as he wrote hundreds of fables, some being far more famous than others, such as ''[[The Ant and the Grasshopper]]''. Generations of French pupils had to learn his fables, that were seen as helping teaching [[wisdom]] and [[common sense]] to the young people. Some of his verses have entered the popular language to become proverbs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Jean_de_La_Fontaine |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618002516/http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Jean_de_La_Fontaine |archivedate=18 June 2009 |title=Jean de la Fontaine |publisher=Newworldencyclopedia.org |accessdate=22 July 2011}}</ref> [[Jean Racine]], whose incredible mastery of the [[alexandrine]] and of the French language has been praised for centuries, created plays such as ''[[Phèdre]]'' or ''[[Britannicus]]''. He is, along with [[Pierre Corneille]] (''[[Le Cid]]'') and Molière, considered as one of the three great dramatists of the France's [[Louis XIV of France#Patronage o the arts|golden age]]. Molière, who is deemed to be one of the greatest masters of comedy of the [[Western literature]],<ref>"Author of some of the finest comedies in the history of the theater." Hartnoll, Phyllis (ed.). The Oxford Companion to the Theatre, 1983, Oxford University Press, p. 554</ref> wrote [[Molière#List of major works|dozens of plays]], including ''[[Le Misanthrope]]'', ''[[L'Avare]]'', ''[[Le Malade imaginaire]]'', and ''[[Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme]]''. His plays have been so popular around the world that French language is sometimes dubbed as "the language of Molière" (''la langue de Molière''),<ref>{{cite news|last=Randall |first=Colin |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/1475046/France-looks-to-the-law-to-save-the-language-of-Moliere.html |title=France looks to the law to save the language of Molière |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |date=25 October 2004 |accessdate=22 July 2011 }}</ref> just like English is considered as "the language of [[Shakespeare]]". French literature and poetry flourished even more in the 18th and 19th centuries. [[Denis Diderot]]'s best-known works are ''[[Jacques the Fatalist]]'' and ''[[Rameau's Nephew]]''. He is however best known for being the main redactor of the ''[[Encyclopédie]]'', whose aim was to sum up all the knowledge of his century (in fields such as arts, sciences, languages, philosophy) and to present them to the people, in order to fight ignorance and [[obscurantism]]. During that same century, [[Charles Perrault]] was a prolific writer of famous children's fairy tales including ''[[Puss in Boots]]'', ''[[Cinderella]]'', ''[[Sleeping Beauty]]'' and ''[[Bluebeard]]''. At the start of the 19th century, [[symbolist poetry]] was an important movement in French literature, with poets such as Charles Baudelaire, [[Paul Verlaine]] and [[Stéphane Mallarmé]].<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://users.skynet.be/litterature/symbolisme/symbolismefrancais.htm Le symbolisme français] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307192737/http://users.skynet.be/litterature/symbolisme/symbolismefrancais.htm |date=2018-03-07 }}</ref> The 19th century saw the writings of many renowned French authors. Victor Hugo is sometimes seen as "the greatest French writer of all times"<ref name = victor/> for excelling in all [[literary genre]]s. The preface of his play ''[[Cromwell (play)|Cromwell]]'' is considered to be the manifesto of the [[Romanticism|Romantic movement]]. ''[[:fr:Les Contemplations|Les Contemplations]]'' and ''[[La Légende des siècles]]'' are considered as "poetic masterpieces",<ref name = hugo>{{cite web |url=http://www.enotes.com/victor-hugo-criticism/hugo-victor |title=Victor Hugo 1802–1885 |publisher=Enotes.com |accessdate=16 July 2011 |archivedate=16 វិច្ឆិកា 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121116174008/http://www.enotes.com/victor-hugo-criticism/hugo-victor |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hugo's verse having been compared to that of Shakespeare, [[Dante]] and [[Homer]].<ref name = hugo/> His novel ''[[Les Misérables]]'' is widely seen as one of the greatest novel ever written<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.adherents.com/people/100_novel.html |title=All-Time 100 Best Novels List |publisher=Adherents.com |accessdate=22 July 2011 |archivedate=18 មីនា 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318194508/http://www.adherents.com/people/100_novel.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> and ''[[The Hunchback of Notre-Dame|The Hunchback of Notre Dame]]'' has remained immensely popular. Other major authors of that century include [[Alexandre Dumas]] (''[[The Three Musketeers]]'' and ''[[The Count of Monte-Cristo]]''), [[Jules Verne]] (''[[Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea]]''), [[Émile Zola]] (''[[Les Rougon-Macquart]]''), [[Honoré de Balzac]] (''[[La Comédie humaine]]''), [[Guy de Maupassant]], [[Théophile Gautier]] and [[Stendhal]] (''[[The Red and the Black]]'', ''[[The Charterhouse of Parma]]''), whose works are amongst the most well known in France and the world. The [[Prix Goncourt]] is a French literary prize first awarded in 1903.<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.academie-goncourt.fr/?article=1229174089 La première Académie Goncourt]&nbsp;– [http://www.academie-goncourt.fr/? Site officiel de l'Académie Goncourt]</ref> Important writers of the 20th century include [[Marcel Proust]], [[Louis-Ferdinand Céline]], [[Albert Camus]], and [[Jean-Paul Sartre]]. [[Antoine de Saint Exupéry]] wrote ''[[The Little Prince|Little Prince]]'' which has remained popular for decades with children and adults around the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.completelynovel.com/books/50599 |title=The Little Prince |publisher=Completelynovel.com |accessdate=22 July 2011 |archivedate=30 កញ្ញា 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930232031/http://www.completelynovel.com/books/50599 |url-status=dead }}</ref> As of 2010, French authors had more [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature Nobel Prizes]] than [[List of Nobel laureates in Literature#Laureates per country|those of any other nation]].<ref>National Literature Nobel Prize shares 1901–2009 [http://www.idsia.ch/~juergen/lit.html by citizenship at the time of the award] and [http://www.idsia.ch/~juergen/litnat.html by country of birth]. From [[Jürgen Schmidhuber|J. Schmidhuber]] (2010), [http://www.idsia.ch/~juergen/nobelshare.html Evolution of National Nobel Prize Shares in the 20th century] at [http://arxiv.org/abs/1009.2634 arXiv:1009.2634v1]</ref> === ទស្សនវិជ្ជា === {{main|French philosophy}} Medieval philosophy was dominated by [[Scholasticism]] until the emergence of [[Humanism in France|Humanism]] in the Renaissance. [[Modern philosophy]] began in France in the 17th century with the philosophy of [[René Descartes]], [[Blaise Pascal]], and [[Nicolas Malebranche]]. Descartes revitalised [[Western philosophy]], which had been declined after the Greek and Roman eras.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.friesian.com/hist-2.htm |title=The Beginning of Modern Sciences |publisher=Friesian.com |accessdate=16 July 2011}}</ref> His ''[[Meditations on First Philosophy]]'' changed the primary object of philosophical thought and raised some of the most fundamental problems for foreigners such as [[Spinoza]], [[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz|Leibniz]], [[David Hume|Hume]], [[George Berkeley|Berkeley]], and [[Immanuel Kant|Kant]]. [[File:Frans Hals - Portret van René Descartes.jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[René Descartes]], founder of modern philosophy.]] During the 18th century, French philosophers produced one of the most important works of the [[Age of Enlightenment]]. In ''[[The Spirit of the Laws]]'', [[Baron de Montesquieu]] theorized the principle of [[separation of powers]], which has been implemented in all [[liberal democracy|liberal democracies]] since [[Separation of powers under the United States Constitution|it was first applied in the United States]]. In ''[[Du contrat social ou Principes du droit politique|The Social Contract]]'', [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]] openly criticized the European [[Divine right monarchy|divine right monarchies]] and strongly affirmed the principle of the [[sovereignty of the people]]. [[Voltaire]] came to embody the Enlightenment with his defence of civil liberties, such as the right to a free trial and freedom of religion. 19th-century French thought was targeted at responding to the social malaise following the French Revolution. Rationalist philosophers such as [[Victor Cousin]] and [[Auguste Comte]], who called for a new social doctrine, were opposed by reactionnary thinkers such as [[Joseph de Maistre]], [[Louis Gabriel Ambroise de Bonald|Louis de Bonald]] and [[Hugues Felicité Robert de Lamennais|Lamennais]], who blamed the rationalist rejection of traditional order. De Maistre is considered, together with the Englishman [[Edmund Burke]], one of the founders of European conservatism, while Comte is regarded as the founder of [[positivism]] and [[sociology]]. In the early 20th century, French [[Spiritualism (philosophy)|spiritualist]] thinkers such as [[Maine de Biran]], [[Henri Bergson]] and [[Louis Lavelle]] influenced Anglo-Saxon thought, including the Americans [[Charles Sanders Peirce]] and [[William James]], and the Englishman [[Alfred North Whitehead]]. In the late 20th century, partly influenced by German [[Phenomenology (philosophy)|phenomenology]] and [[existentialism]], [[postmodern philosophy]] began in France, with notable [[post-structuralism|post-structuralist]] thinkers including [[Jean-François Lyotard]], [[Jean Baudrillard]], [[Jacques Derrida]], [[Jacques Lacan]], [[Michel Foucault]] and [[Gilles Deleuze]]. === Sciences === {{Main|List of French inventions and discoveries}} [[File:Ariane4.jpg|thumb|upright|right|[[Ariane 4]] launched from [[Kourou]], [[French Guiana]] (1988)]] France has been since the [[Middle Ages]] a major focus of knowledge and discoveries. Around the beginning of the 11th century [[Pope Sylvester II]] reintroduced the [[abacus]] and [[armillary sphere]], and introduced [[Arabic numerals]] and [[clock]]s to northern and western Europe.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/livesnecromance04godwgoog|title=Lives of the Necromancers|author=William Godwin|year=1876|page=232}}</ref> The [[University of Paris]], founded in the mid-12th century, is still one of the most important universities of the Western world.<ref>André Thuilier, Histoire de l’université de Paris et de la Sorbonne, Paris, Nouvelle librairie de France, 1994</ref> In the 17th century, [[René Descartes]] defined a [[Rationalism|method for the acquisition of scientific knowledge]], while [[Blaise Pascal]] became famous for his work on [[probability]] and [[fluid mechanics]]. They were both key figures of the [[Scientific revolution]] which erupted in Europe during this period. The [[French Academy of Sciences|Academy of Sciences]] was founded by [[Louis XIV]] to encourage and protect the spirit of [[French people|French]] [[Scientific method|scientific research]]. It was at the forefront of scientific developments in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries. It is one of the earliest [[academy of sciences|academies of sciences]]. The [[Age of Enlightenment]] was marked by the work of biologist [[Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon|Buffon]] and chemist [[Antoine Lavoisier|Lavoisier]], who discovered the role of [[oxygen]] in [[combustion]], while [[Denis Diderot|Diderot]] and [[Jean le Rond d'Alembert|D'Alembert]] published the ''[[Encyclopédie]]'' which aimed to give access to "useful knowledge" to the people, a knowledge that they can apply to their everyday life.<ref>Burke, Peter, A social history of knowledge: from Gutenberg to Diderot, Malden: Blackwell Publishers Inc., 2000, p.17</ref> With the [[Industrial Revolution]], the 19th century saw spectacular scientific developments in France with scientists such as [[Augustin Fresnel]], founder of modern [[optics]], [[Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot|Sadi Carnot]] who laid the foundations of [[thermodynamics]], or [[Louis Pasteur]], a pioneer of [[microbiology]]. Other eminent French scientists of the 19th century have their [[List of the 72 names on the Eiffel Tower|names inscribed on the Eiffel Tower]]. Famous French scientists of the 20th century include the mathematician and physicist [[Henri Poincaré]], physicists [[Henri Becquerel]], [[Pierre Curie|Pierre]] and [[Marie Curie]], remained famous for their work on [[radioactivity]], the physicist [[Paul Langevin]] or virologist [[Luc Montagnier]], co-discoverer of [[HIV AIDS]]. As of 2012, [[List of Nobel laureates by country|65 French]] people have been awarded a [[Nobel Prize]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/lists/all/ |title=All Nobel Prizes |publisher=Nobel Media |accessdate=10 October 2012}}</ref> and 11 have received the [[Fields Medal]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mathunion.org/general/prizes/fields/prizewinners/ |title=List of Fields Medallists |publisher=International Mathematical Union |accessdate=10 October 2012}}</ref> === តន្ត្រី === {{Main|Music of France}} [[File:Gainsbourgb.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Serge Gainsbourg]], one of the world's most influential popular musicians.<ref>{{cite web|author=2003年4月21日 (月) |url=http://www.hmv.co.jp/news/newsDetail.asp?newsnum=304080038 |title=The 100 Greatest Artists – No. 62 |publisher=Hmv.co.jp |date= |accessdate=25 January 2011}}</ref>]] France has a long and varied musical history. It experienced a golden age in the 17th century thanks to Louis XIV, who employed several musicians and composers in the royal court. The most renowned composers of this period include [[Marc-Antoine Charpentier]], [[François Couperin]], [[Michel-Richard Delalande]], [[Jean-Baptiste Lully]] and [[Marin Marais]], all of them composers at the court. After the death of the "Roi Soleil", French musical creation lost dynamism, but in the next century the music of [[Jean-Philippe Rameau]] reached some prestige, and today he is still one of the most renowned French composers. French classical music knew a revival in the 19th and 20th century, at the end of the romantic movement, at first with opera composers [[Hector Berlioz]], [[Georges Bizet]], [[Gabriel Fauré]], [[Charles Gounod]], [[Jacques Offenbach]], [[Édouard Lalo]], [[Jules Massenet]] and [[Camille Saint-Saëns]]. This period was a golden age for operas, being popular in the country the [[opéra bouffon]], the [[opera-ballet]] and the [[opéra comique]] genres. Later came precursors of modern classical music [[Érik Satie]], [[Francis Poulenc]], and above all [[Maurice Ravel]] and [[Claude Debussy]], who invented new musical forms.<ref>{{cite web|last=Huizenga |first=Tom |url=http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4957580 |title=Debussy's 'La Mer' Marks 100th Birthday |publisher=Npr.org |date=14 October 2005 |accessdate=22 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=92338564 |title=Debussy's Musical Game of Deception |publisher=Npr.org |date=12 July 2008 |accessdate=22 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.classicfm.co.uk/music/composers/c-g/claude-debussy/ |title=Biography of Claude Debussy |publisher=Classicfm.co.uk |accessdate=22 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.classicfm.co.uk/music/composers/n-r/maurice-ravel/ |title=Biography of Maurice Ravel |publisher=Classicfm.co.uk |accessdate=22 July 2011}}</ref> More recently, at the middle of the 20th century, [[Maurice Ohana]], [[Pierre Schaeffer]] and [[Pierre Boulez]] contributed to the evolutions of [[contemporary classical music]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Boulez |first=Pierre |url=http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=126668117 |title=Composer-Conductor Pierre Boulez At 85 |publisher=Npr.org |accessdate=22 July 2011}}</ref> [[File:DaftAlive.jpeg|thumb|[[Daft Punk]], pioneers of the [[French house]].]] French music then followed the rapid emergence of pop and rock music at the middle of the 20th century. Although English-speaking creations achieved popularity in the country, [[French popular music|French pop music]], known as ''[[chanson française]]'', has also remained very popular. Among the most important French artists of the century are [[Édith Piaf]], [[Georges Brassens]], [[Léo Ferré]], [[Charles Aznavour]] and [[Serge Gainsbourg]]. Although there are very few rock bands in France compared to English-speaking countries,<ref>[[Radio France Internationale|RFI Musique]], [http://www.rfimusic.com/artist/rock/noir-desir/biography Biography of Noir Désir] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430102257/http://www.rfimusic.com/artist/rock/noir-desir/biography |date=2016-04-30 }}, March 2009 : “Rock music doesn't come naturally to the French. A Latin country, with more affinity to poetry and melody, France has very rarely produced talented rock musicians. Rock music has other, more Anglo-Saxon ingredients”</ref> bands such as [[Noir Désir]], [[Mano Negra]], [[Niagara (band)|Niagara]], [[Les Rita Mitsouko]] and more recently [[Superbus (band)|Superbus]], [[Phoenix (band)|Phoenix]] and [[Gojira (band)|Gojira]]<ref name=frmusic>France Diplomatie, [http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/culture-and-media_6819/culture_6874/music_5335/french-music-has-the-whole-planet-singing_13031.html French music has the whole planet singing] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101222105333/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/culture-and-media_6819/culture_6874/music_5335/french-music-has-the-whole-planet-singing_13031.html |date=2010-12-22 }}, June 2009</ref> have reached worldwide popularity. Other French artists with international careers have been popular in several countries, for example female singers [[Dalida]], [[Mireille Mathieu]] and [[Mylène Farmer]],<ref name=frmusic/> electronic music pioneers [[Jean-Michel Jarre]], [[Laurent Garnier]] and [[Bob Sinclar]], and later [[Martin Solveig]] and [[David Guetta]]. In the 1990s and 2000s (decade), electronic duos [[Daft Punk]], [[Justice (French band)|Justice]] and [[Air (French band)|Air]] also reached worldwide popularity and contributed to the reputation of modern electronic music in the world.<ref name=frmusic/><ref>The Telegraph, [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/3669339/Daft-Punk-Behind-the-robot-masks.html Daft Punk: Behind the robot masks], 17 November 2007 : "Daft Punk were in many ways responsible for turning the spotlight on a new, cool underground of French music in the late 1990s, including bestselling acts such as Air, and have been a huge influence on the current generation of international star DJs"</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1721450.stm |title=The return of French pop music |publisher=BBC News |date=20 December 2001 |accessdate=22 July 2011}}</ref> Among current musical events and institutions in France, many are dedicated to classical music and operas. The most prestigious institutions are the state-owned [[Paris National Opera]] (with its two sites [[Palais Garnier]] and [[Opéra Bastille]]), the [[Opéra National de Lyon]], the [[Théâtre du Châtelet]] in Paris, the [[Théâtre du Capitole]] in [[Toulouse]] and the [[Grand Théâtre de Bordeaux]]. As for music festivals, there are several events organized, the most popular being the [[Eurockéennes]] and [[Rock en Seine]]. The [[Fête de la Musique]], imitated by many foreign cities, was first launched by the French government in 1982.<ref>Ministry of Culture of France, [http://www.fetedelamusique.culture.fr/site-2010/?page_id=550 About « Fête de la Musique »] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100515071351/http://www.fetedelamusique.culture.fr/site-2010/?page_id=550 |date=2010-05-15 }}</ref><ref>France Diplomatie, [http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/culture-and-media_6819/culture_6874/music_5335/fete-musique-21 June 2007_9392.html Fête de la Musique] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118060250/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/culture-and-media_6819/culture_6874/music_5335/fete-musique-21 |date=18 មករា 2012 }}, 21 June 2007</ref> Major music halls and venues in France include [[Le Zénith]] sites present in many cities and other places in Paris ([[Paris Olympia]], [[Théâtre Mogador]], [[Élysée Montmartre]], etc.). === Cinema === {{Main|Cinema of France}} [[File:Palmed'or.jpg|thumb|A ''[[Palme d'Or]]'' from the [[Cannes Film Festival]], the world's most prestigious and publicized film festival.<ref>{{cite news|url = http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/c/cannes_international_film_festival/index.html|title = Cannes International Film Festival|work=New York Times | first=Manohla|last=Dargis}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/16/arts/16iht-lim16.html?_r=1&ref=movies|title = They'll Always Have Cannes|work=New York Times | first=Dennis|last=Lim}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.forbes.com/2008/05/14/cannes-properties-luxury-forbeslife-cx_mw_0514realestate_slide.html?thisSpeed=15000|title = In Pictures: Chic Cannes Hideaways|work=Forbes | first=Matt|last=Woolsey}}</ref>]] France has historical and strong links with [[Filmmaking|cinema]], with two [[Frenchmen]], Auguste and Louis Lumière (known as the [[Auguste and Louis Lumière|Lumière Brothers]]) having created cinema in 1895.<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/personnage/Lumière/130661 Les frères Lumière]</ref> France remains a leader in filmmaking, as of 2006 producing more films than any other European country.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx |title=Cinema: production of feature films |publisher=Stats.uis.unesco.org |accessdate=22 July 2011 |archivedate=16 កក្កដា 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716104117/http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> The nation also hosts the [[Cannes Festival]], one of the most important and famous film festivals in the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cannesguide.com/basics/ |title=Cannes&nbsp;– a festival virgin's guide |publisher=Cannesguide.com |date=15 Februatype_item=ART_ARCH_30Jry 2007 |accessdate=22 July 2011 |archivedate=12 កញ្ញា 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160912231419/http://www.cannesguide.com/basics/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.whatsonwhen.com/sisp/index.htm?fx=event&event_id=21731 |title=Cannes Film Festival &#124; Palais des Festivals, Cannes, France |publisher=Whatsonwhen.com |date= |accessdate=22 June 2012 |archivedate=10 មិថុនា 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120610125315/http://www.whatsonwhen.com/sisp/index.htm?fx=event&event_id=21731 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Although the French film market is dominated by [[Hollywood]], France is the only nation in the world where American films make up the smallest share of total film revenues, at 50%, compared with 77% in Germany and 69% in Japan.<ref name = erudit>{{fr icon}} Damien Rousselière [http://www.erudit.org/revue/hphi/2005/v15/n2/801295ar.pdf Cinéma et diversité culturelle: le cinéma indépendant face à la mondialisation des industries culturelles]. ''Horizons philosophiques'' Vol. 15 No. 2 2005</ref> French films account for 35% of the total film revenues of France, which is the highest percentage of national film revenues in the developed world outside the United States, compared to 14% in Spain and 8% in the UK.<ref name = erudit/> Until recently, France had for centuries been the cultural center of the world,<ref name=exception/> although its dominant position has been surpassed by the [[American culture|United States]]. Subsequently, France takes steps in protecting and promoting its culture, becoming a leading advocate of the [[cultural exception]].<ref>Joëlle Farchy (1999) [http://www.scienceshumaines.com/la-fin-de-l-exception-culturelle_fr_10912.html La Fin de l'exception culturelle ?] [[CNRS]] ISBN 978-2-271-05633-7</ref> The nation succeeded in convincing all EU members to refuse to include culture and audiovisuals in the list of liberalized sectors of the WTO in 1993.<ref>[http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/actualites/politique/diversite/wto-en2.htm The cultural exception is not negotiable by Catherine Trautmann] – Ministry of Culture</ref> Moreover, this decision was confirmed in a voting in the [[UNESCO]] in 2005, and the principle of "cultural exception" won an overwhelming victory: 198 countries voted for it, only 2 countries, the U.S and Israel, voted against it.<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.fnsac-cgt.com/administration/upload/ARTICLE%20UNESCO%20CONF%201602_06%20(3).pdf La Convention UNESCO pour la diversité culturelle : vers un droit international culturel contraignant ?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427020210/http://www.fnsac-cgt.com/administration/upload/ARTICLE%20UNESCO%20CONF%201602_06%20%283%29.pdf |date=2011-04-27 }} – www.fnsac-cgt.com</ref> === Fashion === {{main|French fashion}} [[File:Channel headquarters bordercropped.jpg|thumb|[[Chanel]]'s headquarters on the [[Place Vendôme]], Paris.]] Fashion has been an important industry and cultural export of France since the 17th century, and modern "haute couture" originated in Paris in the 1860s. Today, Paris, along with London, Milan, and New York City, is considered one of the world's fashion capitals, and the city is home or headquarters to many of the premier fashion houses. The expression [[Haute couture]] is, in France, a legally protected name, guaranteeing certain quality standards. The association of France with fashion and style ({{lang-fr|link=no|la mode}}) dates largely to the reign of [[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]]<ref>Kelly, 181. DeJean, chapters 2–4.</ref> when the luxury goods industries in France came increasingly under royal control and the French royal court became, arguably, the arbiter of taste and style in Europe. But France renewed its dominance of the high fashion ({{lang-fr|link=no|couture or haute couture}}) industry in the years 1860–1960 through the establishing of the great [[couturier]] houses such as Chanel, [[Christian Dior S.A.|Dior]], and [[Givenchy]]. The French perfume industry is world leader in its sector and is centered around the town of [[Grasse]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://about-france.com/tourism/french-perfume|title=French perfume - the fragrances of France|website=about-france.com|language=en|accessdate=2025-11-22}}</ref> In the 1960s, the elitist "Haute couture" came under criticism from France's [[May 1968 in France|youth culture]]. In 1966, the designer [[Yves Saint Laurent (designer)|Yves Saint Laurent]] broke with established Haute Couture norms by launching a [[prêt-à-porter]] ("ready to wear") line and expanding French fashion into mass manufacturing. With a greater focus on marketing and manufacturing, new trends were established by [[Sonia Rykiel]], [[Thierry Mugler]], [[Claude Montana]], [[Jean-Paul Gaultier]] and [[Christian Lacroix]] in the 1970s and 1980s. The 1990s saw a conglomeration of many French couture houses under luxury giants and multinationals such as [[LVMH]]. === ប្រព័ន្ធផ្សព្វផ្សាយ === {{Main|Telecommunications in France}} Compared to other developed countries, the French do not spend much time reading newspapers, due to the popularity of broadcast media. Best-selling daily national newspapers in France are ''[[Le Monde]]'' and ''[[Le Figaro]]'', with around 300,000 copies sold daily, but also ''[[L'Équipe]]'', dedicated to sports coverage.<ref>{{fr icon}} OJD, "Observatoire de la Presse", [http://observatoire.ojd.com/report/visu/obs/20/do/GP_PQN/ Presse Quotidienne Nationale] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100507013851/http://observatoire.ojd.com/report/visu/obs/20/do/GP_PQN/ |date=2010-05-07 }}</ref> In the past years, free dailies made a breakthrough, with ''[[Metro International|Metro]]'', ''[[20 minutes (France)|20 Minutes]]'' and ''Direct Plus'' distributed at more than 650,000 copies respectively.<ref>{{fr icon}} OJD, [http://www.ojd.com/pgi/section/ Presse Gratuite d'Information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101204123544/http://www.ojd.com/pgi/section |date=2010-12-04 }}. November 2011</ref> However, the widest circulations are reached by regional daily ''[[Ouest France]]'' with more than 750,000 copies sold, and the 50 other regional papers have also high sales.<ref>{{fr icon}} Observatoire de la Presse, [http://observatoire.ojd.com/report/visu/obs/20/do/GP_PQRD/ Presse Quotidienne Régionale et Départementale] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100507014206/http://observatoire.ojd.com/report/visu/obs/20/do/GP_PQRD/ |date=2010-05-07 }}</ref><ref>{{fr icon}} OJD, "Bureau Presse Payante Grand Public", [http://www.ojd.com/chiffres/section/PPGP/print?submitted=1&section=PPGP&famille=2&thema=&search=&go=Lancer+la+recherche Presse Quotidienne Régionale et Départementale] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110425131947/http://www.ojd.com/chiffres/section/PPGP/print?submitted=1&section=PPGP&famille=2&thema=&search=&go=Lancer+la+recherche |date=2011-04-25 }}</ref> The sector of weekly magazines is stronger and diversified with more than 400 specialized weekly magazines published in the country.<ref>{{fr icon}} Observatoire de la Presse, [http://observatoire.ojd.com/report/visu/obs/20/do/GP_PMAG/ Presse Magazine – Synthèse] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100929204536/http://observatoire.ojd.com/report/visu/obs/20/do/GP_PMAG |date=2010-09-29 }}</ref> The most influential news magazine are left-wing ''[[Le Nouvel Observateur]]'', centrist ''[[L'Express (France)|L'Express]]'' and right-wing ''[[Le Point]]'' (more than 400.000 copies),<ref>{{fr icon}} Observatoire de la Presse, [http://observatoire.ojd.com/report/visu/obs/20/do/GP_NEWS/ Presse News] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100929204512/http://observatoire.ojd.com/report/visu/obs/20/do/GP_NEWS |date=2010-09-29 }}</ref> but the highest circulation for weeklies is reached by TV magazines and by women’s magazines, among them ''[[Marie Claire]]'' and ''[[ELLE]]'', which have foreign versions. Influential weeklies also include investigative and satirical papers ''[[Le Canard Enchaîné]]'' and ''[[Charlie Hebdo]]'', as well as ''[[Paris Match]]''. Like in most industrialized nations, the print media have been affected by a [[Newspaper crisis|severe crisis]] in the past decade. In 2008, the government have launched a major initiative to help the sector reform to be financially independent,<ref>''[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]'', [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/3125110/Nicolas-Sarkozy-French-media-faces-death-without-reform.html Nicolas Sarkozy: French media faces 'death' without reform] 2 October 2008</ref><ref>French government portal, [http://www.gouvernement.fr/gouvernement/lancement-des-etats-generaux-de-la-presse Lancement des états généraux de la presse] 2 October 2008 [Launching of General State of written media]</ref> but in 2009 it had to give 600.000 euros to help the print media cope with the [[Global financial crisis of 2008-2009|economic crisis]], in addition to existing subsidies.<ref>{{cite web|author=Angelique Chrisafis in Paris |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2009/jan/23/sarkozy-pledges-state-aid-to-newspapers |title=Sarkozy pledges €600m to newspapers |publisher=Guardian |date= |accessdate=21 June 2012}}</ref> In 1974, after years of centralized monopoly on radio and television, the governmental agency [[ORTF]] was split into several national institutions, but the three already-existing TV channels and four national radio stations<ref>Radio France, "L'entreprise", [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722004341/http://www.radiofrance.fr/lentreprise/reperes/statuts/ Repères]. Landmarks of Radio France company</ref><ref name=mediapol>{{fr icon}} Vie Publique, [http://www.vie-publique.fr/politiques-publiques/politique-audiovisuel/chronologie/ Chronologie de la politique de l’audiovisuel] 20 August 2004 [Chronology of policy for audiovisual]</ref> remained under state-control. It was only in 1981 that the government allowed free broadcasting in the territory, ending state monopoly on radio.<ref name=mediapol/> French television was partly liberalized in the next two decade with the creation of several commercial channels, mainly thanks to cable and satellite television. In 2005 the national service [[Télévision Numérique Terrestre]] introduced digital television all over the territory, allowing the creation of other channels. The four existing national channels are now owned by state-owned consortium [[France Télévisions]], while public broadcasting group [[Radio France]] run five national radio stations. Among these public media are [[Radio France Internationale]], which broadcasts programs in French all over the world, and Franco-German TV channel [[TV5 Monde]]. In 2006, the government created global news channel [[France 24]]. Long-established TV channels [[TF1]] (privatized in 1987), [[France 2]] and [[France 3]] have the highest shares, while radio stations [[RTL (French radio)|RTL]], [[Europe 1]] and state-owned [[France Inter]] are the least listened to. === សង្គម === [[File:La Liberté guidant le peuple - Eugène Delacroix - Musée du Louvre Peintures RF 129 - après restauration 2024.jpg|thumb|right|[[Marianne]], in a painting by [[Eugène Delacroix]], ''La Liberté guidant le peuple'' ([[Liberty Leading the People]]) (1830)]] According to a BBC poll in 2010, based on 29,977 responses in 28 countries, France is globally seen as a positive influence in the world's affairs: 49% have a positive view of the country's influence, whereas 19% have a negative view.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8626041.stm |title=World warming to US under Obama, BBC poll suggests |publisher=BBC News |date=19 April 2010 |accessdate=21 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/160410bbcwspoll.pdf|title=Global Views of United States Improve While Other Countries Decline|format=PDF|date=18 April 2010 |work=BBC News |accessdate=26 December 2011 }}</ref> The [[Nation Brands Index|Nation Brand Index]] of 2008 suggested that France has the second best international reputation, only behind [[Germany#Society|Germany]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gfk.com/group/press_information/press_releases/003055/index.en.html |title=Germany on Top, U.S. Seventh in Nation Brands IndexSM |publisher=Gfk.com |accessdate=9 August 2010 |archivedate=25 សីហា 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100825075750/http://www.gfk.com/group/press_information/press_releases/003055/index.en.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> According to a poll in 2011, the French were found to have the highest level of religious tolerance and to be the country where the highest proportion of the population defines its identity primarily in term of nationality and not religion.<ref name=pewmwtp>{{cite web|title=Muslim-Western tensions persist|url=http://www.pewglobal.org/files/2011/07/Pew-Global-Attitudes-Muslim-Western-Relations-FINAL-FOR-PRINT-July-21-2011.pdf|format=PDF|publisher=Pew Research Center|accessdate=17 November 2011|archivedate=3 ធ្នូ 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111203105340/http://www.pewglobal.org/files/2011/07/Pew-Global-Attitudes-Muslim-Western-Relations-FINAL-FOR-PRINT-July-21-2011.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> 69% of French have a favourable view of the US, making France one of the most pro-American countries in the world.<ref>{{cite web|title=Opinion of the United States|url=http://www.pewglobal.org/database/?indicator=1 |publisher=Pew Research Center|year=2012}}</ref> In January 2010, the [[magazine]] [[International Living]] ranked France as "best country to live in", ahead of 193 other countries, for the fifth year running.<ref>{{cite web|author=Peter Allen |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1240988/France-tops-list-best-places-live-world-fifth-year-row--Britain-languishes-25th.html |title=Britain falls to 25th best place to live in the world... behind Lithuania, the Czech Republic and Hungary |publisher=Dailymail.co.uk |date=7 January 2010 |accessdate=1 October 2013}}</ref><ref name = quality>{{cite web |author=By Daniela Deane for CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/europe/02/11/france.quality.life/index.html |title=Why France is best place to live in world |publisher=Edition.cnn.com |date= |accessdate=1 October 2013 |archivedate=4 តុលា 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004221537/http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/europe/02/11/france.quality.life/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The four official symbols of the Republic, as stated by the [[Constitution of the French Fifth Republic|Constitution]],<ref>Conseil Constitutionnel, [http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/conseil-constitutionnel/root/bank_mm/anglais/constiution_anglais_oct2009.pdf Constitution of 4 October 1958] (page 4) "Title I – Of Sovereignty"</ref> all commemorate events from the French Revolution. [[Bastille Day]], the national holiday, commemorates the [[Fête de la Fédération]], held on 14 July 1790 to celebrate the [[storming of the Bastille]].<ref>Ministry of Foreign Affairs of France, "The symbols of the Republic", [http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/institutions-and-politics_6814/the-symbols-of-the-republic_2002/the-14th-of-july-the-bastille-day_13113.html The 14th&nbsp;of July: Bastille day] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514035528/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/institutions-and-politics_6814/the-symbols-of-the-republic_2002/the-14th-of-july-the-bastille-day_13113.html |date=2012-05-14 }}</ref> The origins of the [[Flag of France|Tricolour flag]] date to the Revolution, as the [[cockade]] was the symbols adopted by the revolutionaries in 1789.<ref>Ministry of Foreign Affairs of France, "The symbols of the Republic", [http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/institutions-and-politics_6814/the-symbols-of-the-republic_2002/the-french-flag_1504.html The French Flag] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513143650/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/institutions-and-politics_6814/the-symbols-of-the-republic_2002/the-french-flag_1504.html |date=2012-05-13 }}</ref> The national anthem, [[La Marseillaise]], was written in 1792 as a war song for the French Army.<ref>Assemblée Nationale, "History and heritage : La Marseillaise, [http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/english/la_marseillaise.asp Rouget de Lisle (1760–1836) and La Marseillaise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515104621/http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/english/la_marseillaise.asp |date=2012-05-15 }}</ref><ref>Ministry of Foreign Affairs of France, "The symbols of the Republic", [http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/institutions-and-politics_6814/the-symbols-of-the-republic_2002/the-national-anthem-the-marseillaise_1502.html The national anthem : The Marseillaise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513180412/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/institutions-and-politics_6814/the-symbols-of-the-republic_2002/the-national-anthem-the-marseillaise_1502.html |date=2012-05-13 }}</ref> The official motto of the French Republic, "[[Liberté, égalité, fraternité]]" (Liberty, equality, brotherhood), also appeared during the Revolution.<ref>Ministry of Foreign Affairs of France, "The symbols of the Republic", [http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/institutions-and-politics_6814/the-symbols-of-the-republic_2002/liberty-equality-fraternity_1503.html Liberty, Equality, Fraternity] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513132352/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/institutions-and-politics_6814/the-symbols-of-the-republic_2002/liberty-equality-fraternity_1503.html |date=2012-05-13 }}</ref> [[Marianne]], an unofficial symbol, is an allegorical figure of liberty and the Republic, and appeared at the time of the Revolution.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/institutions-and-politics_6814/the-symbols-of-the-republic_2002/marianne_1506.html?var_recherche=Marianne |title=The Symbols of the Republic : Marianne on the Official Site of the Foreign Affairs Ministry of France |publisher=Diplomatie.gouv.fr |date= |accessdate=1 October 2013 |archivedate=13 ឧសភា 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513094110/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/institutions-and-politics_6814/the-symbols-of-the-republic_2002/marianne_1506.html?var_recherche=Marianne |url-status=dead }}</ref> A common and traditional symbol of the French people is the [[Gallic rooster]]. Its origins date back to Antiquity, since the Latin word Gallus meant both "[[rooster]]" and "inhabitant of Gaul". Then this figure gradually became the most widely shared representation of the French, used by French monarchs, then by the Revolution and under the successive republican regimes as representation of the national identity, used for some stamps and coins.<ref>{{fr icon}} French Presidency, "Les symboles de la République française", [http://www.elysee.fr/president/la-presidence/les-symboles-de-la-republique-francaise/le-coq/le-coq.6052.html Le coq] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100401063525/http://www.elysee.fr/president/la-presidence/les-symboles-de-la-republique-francaise/le-coq/le-coq.6052.html |date=2010-04-01 }}</ref> === Gastronomy === {{Main|French cuisine}} [[File:Foie gras en cocotte.jpg|thumb|''[[Foie gras]]'' with mustard seeds and green onions in duck [[Au jus|jus]]. Foie gras belongs to the protected gastronomical heritage of France.<ref>French rural code [http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnArticleDeCode?commun=&code=CRURALNL.rcv&art=L654-27-1 L654-27-1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218142705/https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnArticleDeCode?commun=&code=CRURALNL.rcv&art=L654-27-1 |date=2021-02-18 }}</ref>]] French cuisine is renowned for being one of the finest in the world.<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2008/02/24/436892-cuisine-sommes-nous-les-meilleurs-du-monde.html Cuisine : sommes-nous les meilleurs du monde ?]. La Dépêche. 24 February 2008</ref><ref>[http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/Food/DF_cuisine.shtml French Cuisine] – Discover France</ref><ref>[http://blog.hotelclub.com/top-10-international-cuisine/ Top 10 Most Tasty Cuisines in the World] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425194104/http://blog.hotelclub.com/top-10-international-cuisine/ |date=2012-04-25 }} – Hotel Club Travel Blog</ref><ref>{{fr icon}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20110721024114/http://www.vbartdevivre.fr/fr/ateliers-de-cuisine-francaise Ateliers de cuisine française] – Art de vivre à Paris</ref><ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.amour-de-france.com/contenu.php?page=article-51 La Gastronomie Française] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805000141/http://www.amour-de-france.com/contenu.php?page=article-51 |date=2017-08-05 }} – Chinese Lovers of France</ref><ref>[http://www.theinternationalkitchen.com/cooking-vacations/france About our vacations in France] -Cooking Vacations to France</ref> French cuisine is extremely diverse and has exerted a major influence on other western cuisines.<ref name=cuisine>{{fr icon}} {{cite web|url=http://www.delices-du-monde.fr/recettes-francaise.html|title=Recettes françaises|access-date=2017-07-11|archivedate=2010-07-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723164351/http://www.delices-du-monde.fr/recettes-francaise.html|url-status=dead}} – Delices du Monde</ref> According to the regions, traditional recipes are different, the North of the country prefers to use butter as the preferred fat for cooking, whereas [[olive oil]] is more commonly used in the South.<ref>{{fr icon}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20110425112349/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jvmxWfyZ2tFVA3qcmC7DkX6SMi5g La France du beurre et celle de l'huile d'olive maintiennent leurs positions] – [[Agence France Presse]]</ref> Moreover, each region of France has iconic traditional specialities : [[Cassoulet]] in the Southwest, [[Choucroute]] in Alsace, [[Quiche]] in the [[Lorraine (region)|Lorraine region]], [[Beef bourguignon]] in the [[Burgundy|Bourgogne]], [[Provence|provençal]] [[Tapenade]], etc. France's most renowned products are [[French wine|wines]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/walter/wine/france.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100211145428/http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/walter/wine/france.html |archivedate=11 February 2010 |title=Wines of France |publisher=Userweb.cs.utexas.edu |accessdate=9 August 2010}}</ref> including Champagne, [[Bordeaux wine|Bordeaux]], [[Burgundy wine|Bourgogne]], and [[Beaujolais]] as well as a large variety of different [[List of French cheeses|cheeses]], such as [[Camembert]], [[Roquefort (cheese)|Roquefort]] and [[Brie cheese|Brie]]. There are more than 400 different varieties.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goodcooking.com/frcheese.htm |title=French Cheese |publisher=Goodcooking.com |accessdate=22 July 2011}}</ref><ref>[http://www.franceway.com/cheese/ French Cheese] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827131743/http://www.franceway.com/cheese/ |date=2010-08-27 }} on [http://www.traditionalfrenchfood.com/index.html Traditional French Food]</ref> French cuisine is also regarded as a key element of the [[quality of life]] and the attractiveness of France.<ref name =quality/> A French publication, the [[Michelin guide]], had by 2006 awarded 620 stars to French restaurants, at that time more than any other country, although the guide also inspects more restaurants in France than in any other country (by 2010, Japan was awarded as many Michelin stars as France, despite having half the number of Michelin inspectors working there).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.3starrestaurants.com/michelin-restaurants-star-guide.asp |title=Michelin 3 Star Restaurants around the world |publisher=3starrestaurants.com |date=14 December 2006 |accessdate=30 October 2010}}</ref><ref>''Japan overtakes France with more Michelin-starred restaurants'', Gilles Campion | Agence France-Presse | Thu 25 November 2010</ref> === កីឡា === {{Main|Sport in France}} [[File:TourDeFrance 2005 07 09.jpg|thumb|The [[Tour de France]] is the oldest and most prestigious of [[Grand Tour (cycling)|Grands Tours]], and the world's most famous cycling race.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.uciprotour.com/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?MenuId=MTcxNw&ObjTypeCode=FILE&type=FILE&id=34028&LangId=1 |title=ច្បាប់ចម្លងប័ណ្ណសារ |access-date=2017-07-11 |archivedate=2012-11-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114060844/http://www.uciprotour.com/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?MenuId=MTcxNw&ObjTypeCode=FILE&type=FILE&id=34028&LangId=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref>]] Popular sports played in France include [[Association football|football]], [[judo]], tennis<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?ref_id=NATTEF05401&reg_id=0 Les licences sportives en France] – Insee</ref> and [[basketball]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.france-pub.com/esport.htm |title=All you need to know about sport in France |accessdate=11 February 2012 |archivedate=10 មិថុនា 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610041323/http://www.france-pub.com/esport.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> France has hosted events such as the [[1938 FIFA World Cup|1938]] and [[1998 FIFA World Cup]]s,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mcwc/ip-201_10e_fwcdraw-history_8842.pdf |title=History of the World Cup Final Draw |format=PDF |accessdate=22 July 2011 |archivedate=14 មិថុនា 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614213618/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mcwc/ip-201_10e_fwcdraw-history_8842.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> and the [[2007 Rugby World Cup]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110606170717/http://www.rugby.com.au/news/2003_april/france_wins_right_to_host_the_2007_rugby_wor_15381,3851.html France wins right to host the 2007 rugby world cup]. Associated Press. 11 April 2003</ref> [[Stade de France]] in [[Saint-Denis]] is France's largest stadium and was the venue for the 1998 FIFA World Cup and 2007 Rugby World Cup finals. France hosts the annual [[Tour de France]], the most famous [[road bicycle race]] in the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.weightlossdietinformation.com/the-tour-de-france-the-most-famous-bicycle-race-in-the-world.html |title=The Tour De France: The Most Famous Bicycle Race In The World |publisher=Weightlossdietinformation.com |date=3 January 2010 |accessdate=22 July 2011 |archivedate=18 កក្កដា 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718024209/http://www.weightlossdietinformation.com/the-tour-de-france-the-most-famous-bicycle-race-in-the-world.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.faqs.org/sports-science/Ce-Do/Cycling-Tour-de-France.html |title=Cycling: Tour de France |publisher=Faqs.org |accessdate=9 August 2010}}</ref> France is famous for its [[24 Hours of Le Mans]] [[sports car racing|sports car]] [[endurance racing (motorsport)|endurance race]].<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.lemans.org/fr/courses/24h/histoire.html Une course légendaire] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116131353/http://www.lemans.org/fr/courses/24h/histoire.html |date=2013-01-16 }} – [http://www.lemans.org/ Site officiel du 24 heures du Mans]</ref> Several major tennis tournaments take place in France, including the [[Paris Masters]] and the French Open, one of the four [[Grand Slam (tennis)|Grand Slam]] tournaments. French [[martial arts]] include [[Savate]] and [[Fencing]]. France has a close association with the Modern Olympic Games; it was a French aristocrat, Baron [[Pierre de Coubertin]], who suggested the Games' revival, at the end of the 19th century.<ref>{{Cite book | last = Hill | first = Christopher R. | title = Olympic Politics | page = 5 |publisher=Manchester University Press ND | year = 1996 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=0o-9AAAAIAAJ| isbn = 0-7190-4451-0 | accessdate =5 July 2011}}</ref><ref name=Olympic>[http://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/infopage/olympic.htm Olympic History] – World Atlas of Travel</ref> After [[Athens]] was awarded the first Games, in reference to the Olympics' Greek origins, Paris hosted the second Games [[1900 Summer Olympics|in 1900]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/paris-1900-summer-olympics |title=Paris 1900 Summer Olympics. Official Site of the Olympic Movement |publisher=Olympic.org |date= |accessdate=30 September 2013}}</ref> Paris was the first home of the [[International Olympic Committee]], before it moved to [[Lausanne]].<ref>[http://www.lausanne-tourisme.ch/view.asp?DomID=63416&Language=E Lausanne, olympic capital] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006220349/http://www.lausanne-tourisme.ch/view.asp?DomID=63416&Language=E |date=2007-10-06 }} – Tourism in Lausanne</ref> Since 1900, France has hosted the Olympics on 4 further occasions: the [[1924 Summer Olympics]], again in Paris<ref name=Olympic/> and three [[Winter Olympic Games|Winter Games]] ([[1924 Winter Olympics|1924]] in [[Chamonix]], [[1968 Winter Olympics|1968]] in [[Grenoble]] and [[1992 Winter Olympics|1992]] in [[Albertville]]).<ref name=" Olympic"/> [[File:Finale Coupe de France 2010-2011 (Lille LOSC vs Paris SG PSG).jpg|thumb|right|The [[Stade de France]] was built for the [[1998 FIFA World Cup]], and is listed as a [[UEFA stadium categories|UEFA category four stadium]].]] Both the [[France national football team|national football team]] and the [[France national rugby union team|national rugby union team]] are nicknamed “''Les Bleus''” in reference to the team’s shirt color as well as the national French tricolor flag. Football is the most popular sport in France, with over 1,800,000 registered players, and over 18,000 registered clubs.<ref>[http://www.fff.fr/common/ressources/217361.pdf Licenses of the French Football Federation]</ref> The football team is among the most successful in the world, particularly at the start of the 21st century, with one [[FIFA World Cup]] victory in 1998,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/soccer/world/events/1998/worldcup/ |title=CNN/SI – World Cup |work=Sports Illustrated |date=1 December 1998 |accessdate=22 July 2011 |archive-date=28 កក្កដា 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728121516/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/soccer/world/events/1998/worldcup/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> one FIFA World Cup second place in 2006,<ref>{{cite news|last=Stevenson |first=Jonathan |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4991652.stm |title=Zidane off as Italy win World Cup |publisher=BBC News |date=9 July 2006 |accessdate=21 July 2011}}</ref> and two [[UEFA European Championship]]s in [[UEFA Euro 1984|1984]]<ref>[http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/history/season=1984/index.html 1984: Platini shines for flamboyant France] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507185106/http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/history/season%3D1984/index.html |date=2012-05-07 }}. UEFA</ref> and [[UEFA Euro 2000|2000]].<ref>[http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/history/season=2000/index.html 2000: Trezeguet strikes gold for France] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028011653/http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/history/season%3D2000/index.html |date=2011-10-28 }}. UEFA</ref> The top national football club competition is [[Ligue 1]]. France has produced some of the greatest players in the world, including three time [[FIFA World Player of the Year]] [[Zinedine Zidane]], three time [[Ballon d'Or]] recipient [[Michel Platini]], record holder for most goals scored at a World Cup [[Just Fontaine]], first football player to receive the [[Légion d'honneur]] [[Raymond Kopa]], and the all-time leading goalscorer for the French national team [[Thierry Henry]]. [[Rugby union]] is popular, particularly in Paris and the southwest of France.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090615002946/http://www.123voyage.com/realsw/tosee/rugby.htm Rugby]. 123 Voyage</ref> The national rugby union team has competed at every [[Rugby World Cup]], and takes part in the annual [[Six Nations Championship]]. Stemming from a [[Top 14|strong domestic league]], the French rugby team has won 16 Six Nations Championships, including 8 [[Grand Slam (rugby union)|grand slam]]s; and has reached the semi-final of the Rugby World Cup 6 times and the final 3 times. [[Rugby league in France]] is a sport that is most popular in the south, in cities such as [[Perpignan]] and [[Toulouse]]. The [[Catalans Dragons]] currently play in the [[Super League]], which is the top tier rugby league competition in Europe. The [[Elite One Championship]] is the professional competition for rugby league clubs in France. In recent decades, France has produced world-elite basketball players, most notably [[Tony Parker]]. The [[France national basketball team|French National Basketball Team]] won gold at the [[FIBA EuroBasket 2013]]. The national team has won two Olympic Silver Medals: in [[Basketball at the 2000 Summer Olympics|2000]] and [[Basketball at the 1948 Summer Olympics|1948]]. == កំណត់សម្គាល់ == {{Reflist|30em|group=សម្គាល់}} == ឯកសារយោង == {{Reflist|30em}} == តំណភ្ជាប់ក្រៅ == {{Wikibooks|Wikijunior:Countries A-Z|France}} {{Sister project links|France}} * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17298730 France] from the [[BBC News]] * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/france.htm France] at ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' *{{dmoz|Regional/Europe/France}} * [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/215768/France France] ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' entry * [http://europa.eu/about-eu/countries/member-countries/france/index_en.htm France] at the [[European Union|EU]] *{{Wikiatlas|France}} *{{osmrelation-inline|1403916}} * [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=FR Key Development Forecasts for France] from [[International Futures]] ;Economy *{{INSEE|National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies}} * [http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?QueryId=14594 OECD France statistics] ;Government * [http://www.france.fr/en France.fr (in English)] Official French tourism website *{{fr icon}} [http://www.gouvernement.fr/ Official Site of the Government] * [http://www.service-public.fr/langue/english/ Official site of the French public service] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120103101721/http://service-public.fr/langue/english/ |date=2012-01-03 }} – Links to various administrations and institutions * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-f/france.html Chief of State and Cabinet Members] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501073837/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-f/france.html |date=2011-05-01 }} on ''[[The World Factbook]]'' * [http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/english/index.asp Official site of the National Assembly] ;Culture *{{en-icon}} [http://www.french.uiuc.edu/cfc/ ''Contemporary French Civilization''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308004315/http://www.french.uiuc.edu/CFC/ |date=2012-03-08 }}, journal, University of Illinois. * [http://us.franceguide.com/ FranceGuide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617101158/http://www.us.franceguide.com/ |date=2015-06-17 }} – Official website of the French Government Tourist Office {{France topics |titlestyle=background:#ddf;}} {{Navboxes |title=[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|25px]]{{nbsp}}Geographic locale |list={{Coord|47|N|2|E|type:country_region:FR|display=inline}} {{Geographic location | Centre = {{flag|France}} | North = {{flag|United Kingdom}} | Northeast = {{flag| Belgium}}{{flag|Luxembourg}} | East = {{flag|Germany}}{{flag| Switzerland}}{{flag|Italy}} | Southeast = [[សមុទ្រមេឌីទែរ៉ាណេ]] | South = {{flag|Algeria}} | Southwest = {{flag|Spain}}{{flag|Andorra}} | West = [[មហាសមុទ្រអាត្លង់ទិក]] | Northwest = {{flag|United Kingdom}} }} {{Sovereign states of Europe}} {{Countries of North America}} {{Countries of South America}} {{Countries of Africa}} {{Countries and territories of Oceania}} {{Countries and territories bordering the Mediterranean Sea}} }} {{Navboxes |title = International organisations |list = {{EU members}} {{G8 nations}} {{G20}} {{UN Security Council}} {{Council of Europe members}} {{Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development}} {{North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)}} {{La Francophonie}} }} {{Coord|47|N|2|E|type:country_region:FR|display=title}} == ប្រភពពត៌មាន == * [http://www.ambafrance-kh.org/spip.php?rubrique141 ស្ថានទូតបារាំងប្រចាំព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001004338/http://www.ambafrance-kh.org/spip.php?rubrique141 |date=2011-10-01 }} * [http://meteo.15.growiktionary.org ការទស្សទាយអាកាសធាតុ]{{Dead link|date=មករា 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{បណ្តាប្រទេសនៅ​ទ្វីបអឺរ៉ុប}} {{G8}} [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:បារាំង| ]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:ប្រទេសនៅអឺរ៉ុប]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:ប្រជាជាតិក្រុមប្រាំពីរ]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:ប្រជាជាតិក្រុមម្ភៃ]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:រដ្ឋសមាជិកអង្គការណាតូ]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:រដ្ឋសមាជិកនៃសហភាពអឺរ៉ុប]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:រដ្ឋសមាជិកនៃអង្គការអន្តរជាតិនៃក្រុមប្រទេសនិយាយភាសាបារាំង]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:រដ្ឋសមាជិកនៃអង្គការសម្រាប់មេឌីទែរ៉ានេ]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:រដ្ឋសមាជិកនៃអង្គការសហប្រជាជាតិ]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:សាធារណរដ្ឋ]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:ប្រទេសអឺរ៉ុបនិរតី]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:ប្រទេសអឺរ៉ុបខាងលិច]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:ប្រទេសឆ្លងទ្វីប]] 60h33nh2fnbepdseu1bme55msfyy7ak 0 38797 336914 335347 2026-06-24T05:21:13Z សុត្តន្ត សិរីហ្វុង 44959 /* */ 336914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox pageant | name = បវរកញ្ញាអន្តរជាតិ | logo = Miss.International.logo.png | image = | size = 200px | caption = និមិត្តសញ្ញាការប្រកួតប្រជែង | first = [[:en:Miss International 1960|១៩៦០]] | recent = [[:en:Miss International 2025|២០២៥]] | type = '''ការប្រកួតប្រជែងសម្រស់''' | headquarters = [[តូក្យូ|ទីក្រុងតូក្យូ]], [[ជប៉ុន|ប្រទេសជប៉ុន]] | location = | leader_title = ប្រធាន | leader_name = Akemi Shimomura | key_people = |current_titleholder = [[:en:Catalina Duque|Catalina Duque Abréu]] | titleholder_represents = {{flagicon|COL}} [[កូឡុំប៊ី|កូឡុំប៊ី]] | language = [[ភាសាអង់គ្លេស|អង់គ្លេស]] | membership = | website = https://www.miss-international.org/ }} '''បវរកញ្ញាអន្តរជាតិ''' ({{Lang-en|Miss International Beauty ឬ The International Beauty Pageant}}) គឺជា[[:en:List_of_beauty_pageants|កម្មវិធីប្រកួតសម្រស់អន្តរជាតិ]]ដ៏ធំដែលមានមូលដ្ឋាននៅ[[ជប៉ុន|ប្រទេសជប៉ុន]]ដែលរៀបចំឡើងដោយសមាគមវប្បធម៌អន្តរជាតិ។កម្មវិធីនេះរៀបចំធ្វើឡើងជាលើកដំបូងនៅក្នុងឆ្នាំ ១៩៦០<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110612224145/http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/foreign-affairs/2008/10/21/179573/MOFA-examines.htm "MOFA examines beauty contest's 'belittling'"]. [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Post China Post]. 21 October 2008. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 16 November 2010.</ref><ref>Adelstein, Jake. [https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/12/25/national/first-lady-scrutinizes-blackballing-of-beauty-queen/ "First lady scrutinizes blackballing of beauty queen"]. The Japan Times. Retrieved 26 October 2015.</ref>និងជាកម្មវិធីប្រកួតសម្រស់ដ៏ធំបំផុតទី ០៤ នៅលើពិភពលោកនៅក្នុងចំណោម[[:en:Big Four beauty pageants|កម្មវិធីប្រកួតសម្រស់ធំៗទាំង ០៤]] តាមចំនួនម្ចាស់ជ័យលាភីថ្នាក់ជាតិដែលបានមកចូលរួមប្រឡងនៅលើឆាកអន្តរជាតិ។<ref>Kerongo, Grace (10 November 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20151112074329/http://allafrica.com/stories/201511100998.html "Kenyan Beauty Crowned Miss International in Tokyo"]. [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/AllAfrica All Africa]. Archived from [https://allafrica.com/stories/201511100998.html the original] on 12 November 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2017.</ref><ref>King, Kathryn (30 April 2015). [https://www.stuff.co.nz/manawatu-standard/68137756/former-miss-manawatu-goes-international "Former Miss Manawatu goes international"]. [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manawat%C5%AB_Standard Manawatu Standard]. Retrieved 21 October 2018.</ref><ref>Hartman, Jan (1 October 2018). [https://sivtelegram.media/paid-the-new-miss-ukraine-2018-controversial/49014/ "Paid? The New Miss Ukraine 2018 Controversial"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021111442/https://sivtelegram.media/paid-the-new-miss-ukraine-2018-controversial/49014/ |date=2018-10-21 }}. The Siver Telegram. Retrieved 21 October 2018.</ref>រួមជាមួយនឹងកម្មវិធី[[បវរកញ្ញាពិភពលោក]] [[បវរកញ្ញាចក្រវាឡ]] និង [[បវរកញ្ញាផែនដី]]កម្មវិធីបវរកញ្ញាអន្តរជាតិគឺជាកម្មវិធីប្រកួតសម្រស់មួយនៅក្នុងចំណោម[[:en:Big Four beauty pageants|កម្មវិធីប្រកួតសម្រស់ធំៗទាំង ០៤]]។<ref>Enriquez, Amee (2 February 2014). [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-25550425 "Beauty Pageant Basics"]. BBC. Retrieved 4 May 2018.</ref> '''បវរកញ្ញាអន្តរជាតិ'''បច្ចុប្បន្នគឺកញ្ញា [[:en:Catalina Duque|Catalina Duque Abréu]] មកពី[[កូឡុំប៊ី|ប្រទេសកូឡុំប៊ី]]ដែលបានគ្រងម្កុដនៅថ្ងៃទី ២៧ ខែវិច្ឆិកា ឆ្នាំ ២០២៥ នៅ[[តូក្យូ|ទីក្រុងតូក្យូ]] [[ជប៉ុន|ប្រទេសជប៉ុន]]។ ==ម្ចាស់ម្កុដថ្មីៗ== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! ឆ្នាំប្រកួត ! ប្រទេស ! ម្ចាស់ម្កុដ ! ទីកន្លែងនៃការប្រកួត ! ចំនួនប្រទេសចូលរួមប្រកួត |- | ១៩៦០ | {{flagicon|COL}} [[កូឡុំប៊ី|កូឡុំប៊ី]] | [[:en:Stella_Araneta|María Stella Márquez de Araneta]] | rowspan = "6" | {{flagicon|USA}} [[សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក|សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក]] | rowspan= "2" | ៥២ |- | ១៩៦១ | {{flagicon|NLD}} [[ហូឡង់|ហូឡង់]] | [[:en:Stam van Baer|Constance Catharina Margarethe (Stanny) Van Baer]] |- | ១៩៦២ | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[អូស្ត្រាលី|អូស្ត្រាលី]] | [[:en:Tania Verstak|Tania Verstak]] | ៥០ |- | ១៩៦៣ | {{flagicon|ISL}} [[អ៊ីស្លង់|អ៊ីស្លង់]] | [[:en:Miss_Iceland#Titleholders|Guðrún Bjarnadóttir]] | ៤៦ |- | ១៩៦៤ | {{flagicon|PHL}} [[ហ្វីលីពីន|ហ្វីលីពីន]] | [[:en:Gemma_Cruz-Araneta|Gemma Teresa Guerrero Cruz-Araneta]] | ៤២ |- | ១៩៦៥ | {{flagicon|DEU}} [[អាល្លឺម៉ង់|អាល្លឺម៉ង់]] | [[:en:Ingrid Finger|Ingrid Finger ]] | ៤៤ |- | ១៩៥៦ | colspan = "10" | ''គ្មានការប្រកួតប្រជែង'' |- | ១៩៦៧ | {{flagicon|ARG}} [[អាហ្សង់ទីន|អាហ្សង់ទីន]] | [[:en:Mirta Massa|Mirta Teresita Massa]] | {{flagicon|USA}} [[សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក|សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក]] | ៤៦ |- | ១៩៦៨ | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[ប្រេស៊ីល|ប្រេស៊ីល]] | [[:en:Maria da Glória Carvalho|Maria da Gloria Carvalho]] | rowspan = "3" | {{flagicon|JPN}} [[ជប៉ុន|ជប៉ុន]] | ៤៩ |- | ១៩៦៩ | {{flagicon|UK}} [[ចក្រភពអង់គ្លេស|ចក្រភពអង់គ្លេស]] | [[:en:Valerie Holmes|Valerie Susan Holmes]] | ៤៨ |- | ១៩៧០ | {{flagicon|PHL}} [[ហ្វីលីពីន|ហ្វីលីពីន]] | [[:en:Aurora Pijuan|Aurora McKenney Pijuan]] | ៤៧ |- | ១៩៧១ | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[នូវែលហ្សេឡង់|នូវែលហ្សេឡង់]] | [[:en:Jane Hansen (model)|Jane Cheryl Hansen]] | {{flagicon|USA}} [[សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក|សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក]] | ៥០ |- | ១៩៧២ | {{flagicon|UK}} [[ចក្រភពអង់គ្លេស|ចក្រភពអង់គ្លេស]] | [[:en:Linda Hooks|Linda Hooks]] | rowspan = "32" | {{flagicon|JPN}} [[ជប៉ុន|ជប៉ុន]] | rowspan= "2" | ៤៧ |- | ១៩៧៣ | {{flagicon|FIN}} [[ហ្វាំងឡង់|ហ្វាំងឡង់]] | [[:en:Anneli Björkling|Tuula Anneli Björkling]] |- | ១៩៧៤ | {{flagicon|USA}} [[សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក|សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក]] | [[:en:Brucene Smith|Karen Brucene Smith-Galvan]] | ៤៥ |- | ១៩៧៥ | {{flagicon|YUG}} [[យូហ្គោស្លាវី|យូហ្គោស្លាវី]] | [[:en:Lidija Manić|Lidija Vera Manić]] | ៤៨ |- | ១៩៧៦ | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[បារាំង|បារាំង]] | [[:en:Sophie Perin|Sophie Sonia Perin]] | ៤៥ |- | ១៩៧៧ | {{flagicon|Spain|1977}} [[អេស្ប៉ាញ|អេស្ប៉ាញ]] | [[:en:Pilar Medina|Pilar Medina Canadell]] | ៤៨ |- | ១៩៧៨ | {{flagicon|USA}} [[សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក|សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក]] | [[:en:Katherine Ruth|Katherine Patricia Ruth]] | ៤៣ |- | ១៩៧៩ | {{flagicon|PHL}} [[ហ្វីលីពីន|ហ្វីលីពីន]] | [[:en:Melanie Marquez|Mimilanie (Melanie) Laurel Marquez]] | ៤៣ |- | ១៩៨០ | {{flagicon|CRI}} [[កូស្តារីកា|កូស្តារីកា]] | [[:en:Lorna Chávez|Lorna Marlene Chaves Mata]] | ៤២ |- | ១៩៨១ | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[អូស្ត្រាលី|អូស្ត្រាលី]] | [[:en:Jenny_Derek|Jenny Annette Derek]] | ៤២ |- | ១៩៨២ | {{flagicon|USA}} [[សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក|សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក]] | [[:pt:Christie_Ellen_Claridge|Christie Ellen Claridge]] | ៤៣ |- | ១៩៨៣ | {{flagicon|CRI}} [[កូស្តារីកា|កូស្តារីកា]] | [[:en:Gidget Sandoval|Gidget Sandoval Herrera]] | ៤១ |- | ១៩៨៤ | {{flagicon|GTM}} [[ហ្គាតេម៉ាឡា|ហ្គាតេម៉ាឡា]] | [[:en:Ilma Urrutia|Ilma Julieta Urrutia Chang]] | ៤៦ |- | ១៩៨៥ | {{flagicon|Venezuela|1954}} [[វេណេហ្ស៊ុយអេឡា|វេណេហ្ស៊ុយអេឡា]] | [[:en:Nina Sicilia|Alejandrina (Nina) Sicilia Hernández]] | ៤៣ |- | ១៩៨៦ | {{flagicon|ENG}} [[អង់គ្លេស|អង់គ្លេស]] | [[:en:Helen Fairbrother|Helen Fairbrother]] | ៤៦ |- | ១៩៨៧ | {{flagicon|PRI}} [[ព័រតូរីកូ|ព័រតូរីកូ]] | [[:en:Laurie Simpson|Laurie Tamara Simpson Rivera]] | ៤៧ |- | ១៩៨៨ | {{flagicon|NOR}} [[ន័រវែស|ន័រវែស]] | [[:en:Catherine Gude|Catherine Alexandra Gude]] | ៤៦ |- | ១៩៨៩ | {{flagicon|DEU}} [[អាល្លឺម៉ង់|អាល្លឺម៉ង់]] | [[:en:Iris Klein|Iris Klein]] | ៤៧ |- | ១៩៩០ | {{flagicon|ESP}} [[អេស្ប៉ាញ|អេស្ប៉ាញ]] | [[:en:Silvia de Esteban|Silvia de Esteban Niubo]] | ៥០ |- | ១៩៩១ | {{flagicon|POL}} [[ប៉ូឡូញ|ប៉ូឡូញ]] | [[:en:Agnieszka_Kotlarska_(model)|Agnieszka Kotlarska-Świątek]] | ៥១ |- | ១៩៩២ | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[អូស្ត្រាលី|អូស្ត្រាលី]] | [[:en:Kirsten Davidson|Kirsten Marise Davidson]] | ៥០ |- | ១៩៩៣ | {{flagicon|POL}} [[ប៉ូឡូញ|ប៉ូឡូញ]] | [[:en:Miss_International_1993|Agnieszka Pachałko]] | ៤៧ |- | ១៩៩៤ | {{flagicon|GRC}} [[ក្រិក|ក្រិក]] | [[:en:Christina Lekka|Christina Lekka]] | ៥០ |- | ១៩៩៥ | {{flagicon|NOR}} [[ន័រវែស|ន័រវែស]] | [[:en:Anne Lena Hansen|Anne Lena Hansen]] | ៤៧ |- | ១៩៩៦ | {{flagicon|POR}} [[ព័រទុយហ្គាល់|ព័រទុយហ្គាល់]] | [[:en:Fernanda_Alves_(beauty_queen)|Fernanda Alves Schmelz]] | ៤៨ |- | ១៩៩៧ | {{flagicon|Venezuela|1954}} [[វេណេហ្ស៊ុយអេឡា|វេណេហ្ស៊ុយអេឡា]] | [[:en:Consuelo Adler|Consuelo Adler Hernández]] | ៤២ |- | ១៩៩៨ | {{flagicon|PAN}} [[ប៉ាណាម៉ា|ប៉ាណាម៉ា]] | [[:en:Lía Borrero|Lía Victoria Borrero González]] | ៤៣ |- | ១៩៩៩ | {{flagicon|COL}} [[កូឡុំប៊ី|កូឡុំប៊ី]] | [[:en:Paulina Gálvez (Miss International)|Paulina Margarita Gálvez Pineda]] | ៥១ |- | ២០០០ | {{flagicon|Venezuela|1954}} [[វេណេហ្ស៊ុយអេឡា|វេណេហ្ស៊ុយអេឡា]] | [[:en:Miss International 2000|Vivian Inés Urdaneta Rincón]] | ៥៦ |- | ២០០១ | {{flagicon|POL}} [[ប៉ូឡូញ|ប៉ូឡូញ]] | [[:en:Małgorzata Rożniecka|Małgorzata Rożniecka]] | ៥២ |- | ២០០២ | {{flagicon|LBN}} [[លីបង់|លីបង់]] | [[:en:Christina Sawaya|Christina Sawaya]] | ៤៧ |- | ២០០៣ | {{flagicon|Venezuela|1954}} [[វេណេហ្ស៊ុយអេឡា|វេណេហ្ស៊ុយអេឡា]] | [[:en:Goizeder Azúa|Goizeder Victoria Azúa Barríos]] | ៤៥ |- | ២០០៤ | {{flagicon|COL}} [[កូឡុំប៊ី|កូឡុំប៊ី]] | [[:en:Jeymmy Vargas|Yeimy Paola Vargas Gómez]] | {{flagicon|CHN}} [[ចិន|ចិន]] | ៥៨ |- | ២០០៥ | {{flagicon|PHL}} [[ហ្វីលីពីន|ហ្វីលីពីន]] | [[:en:Precious_Lara_Quigaman|Precious Lara San Agustin Quigaman-Alcaraz]] | {{flagicon|JPN}} [[ជប៉ុន|ជប៉ុន]] | ៥២ |- | ២០០៦ | {{flagicon|VEN}} [[វេណេហ្ស៊ុយអេឡា|វេណេហ្ស៊ុយអេឡា]] | [[:en:Daniela di Giacomo|Daniela Anette di Giacomo di Giovanni]] | {{flagicon|CHN}} [[ចិន|ចិន]] | ៥៣ |- | ២០០៧ | {{flagicon|MEX}} [[ម៉ិកស៊ិក|ម៉ិកស៊ិក]] | [[:en:Priscila Perales|Silvia Priscila Perales Elizondo]] | {{flagicon|JPN}} [[ជប៉ុន|ជប៉ុន]] | ៦១ |- | ២០០៨ | {{flagicon|ESP}} [[អេស្ប៉ាញ|អេស្ប៉ាញ]] | [[:en:Miss International 2008|Alejandra Andreu]] | {{flagicon|MAC}} [[ម៉ាកាវ|ម៉ាកាវ]] | ៦៣ |- | ២០០៩ | {{flagicon|MEX}} [[ម៉ិកស៊ិក|ម៉ិកស៊ិក]] | [[:en:Anagabriela Espinoza|Anagabriela Espinoza Marroquín]] | rowspan = "3" | {{flagicon|CHN}} [[ចិន|ចិន]] | ៦៥ |- | ២០១០ | {{flagicon|VEN}} [[វេណេហ្ស៊ុយអេឡា|វេណេហ្ស៊ុយអេឡា]] | [[:en:Elizabeth Mosquera|Ana Elizabeth Mosquera Gómez]] | ៧០ |- | ២០១១ | {{flagicon|ECU}} [[អេក្វាឌ័រ|អេក្វាឌ័រ]] | [[:en:María_Fernanda_Cornejo|María Fernanda Cornejo Alfaro]] | ៦៧ |- | ២០១២ | {{flagicon|JPN}} [[ជប៉ុន|ជប៉ុន]] | [[:en:Ikumi Yoshimatsu|Ikumi Yoshimatsu]] | rowspan = "8" | {{flagicon|JPN}} [[ជប៉ុន|ជប៉ុន]] | ៦៩ |- | ២០១៣ | {{flagicon|PHL}} [[ហ្វីលីពីន|ហ្វីលីពីន]] | [[:en:Bea Santiago|Bea Rose Monterde Santiago]] | ៦៧ |- | ២០១៤ | {{flagicon|PRI}} [[ព័រតូរីកូ|ព័រតូរីកូ]] | [[:en:Valerie_Hernández|Valerie Hernández Matías]] | ៧៣ |- | ២០១៥ | {{flagicon|VEN}} [[វេណេហ្ស៊ុយអេឡា|វេណេហ្ស៊ុយអេឡា]] | [[:en:Edymar Martínez|Edymar Martínez Blanco]] | ៧០ |- | ២០១៦ | {{flagicon|PHI}} [[ហ្វីលីពីន|ហ្វីលីពីន]] | [[:en:Kylie Verzosa|Kylie Fausto Verzosa]] | ៦៩ |- | ២០១៧ | {{flagicon|IDN}} [[ឥណ្ឌា|ឥណ្ឌា]] | [[:en:Kevin_Lilliana|Kevin Lilliana Junaedy]] | ៦៩ |- | ២០១៨ | {{flagicon|VEN}} [[វេណេហ្ស៊ុយអេឡា|វេណេហ្ស៊ុយអេឡា]] | [[:en:Mariem Velazco|Mariem Claret Velazco García]] | ៧៧ |- | ២០១៩ | {{flagicon|THA}} [[ថៃ|សៀម]] | [[:en:Sireethorn Leearamwat|Sireethorn Leearamwat]] | ៨៣ |- | ២០២០ | colspan = "10" | ''គ្មានការប្រកួតប្រជែង'' |- | ២០២១ | colspan = "10" | ''គ្មានការប្រកួតប្រជែង'' |- | ២០២២ | {{flagicon|DEU}} [[អាល្លឺម៉ង់|អាល្លឺម៉ង់]] | [[:en:Jasmin Selberg|Jasmin Selberg]] | rowspan = "5" | {{flagicon|JPN}} [[ជប៉ុន|ជប៉ុន]] | ៦៦ |- | ២០២៣ | {{flagicon|VEN}} [[វេណេហ្ស៊ុយអេឡា|វេណេហ្ស៊ុយអេឡា]] | [[:en:Andrea Rubio|Andrea Valentina Rubio Armas]] | ៧០ |- | ២០២៤ | {{flagicon|VNM}} [[វៀតណាម|យួន]] | [[:en:Huỳnh Thị Thanh Thủy|Huỳnh Thị Thanh Thủy]] | ៧១ |- | ២០២៥ | {{flagicon|COL}} [[កូឡុំប៊ី|កូឡុំប៊ី]] | [[:en:Catalina Duque Abréu|Catalina Duque Abréu]] | ៨០ |- | ២០២៦ | | | |- |} == បេក្ខនារីតំណាងប្រទេសកម្ពុជា == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! ឆ្នាំប្រកួត ! បេក្ខភាព ! រាជធានី-ខេត្ត ! តំណែង ! រង្វាន់ពិសេស |- |២០២៦ | សុគា គីមលាង | [[រាជធានីភ្នំពេញ]] | | |- | ២០២៥ | សូរ ពេជ្រវលក្ខណ៍ | [[ខេត្តកំពត]] | Unplaced | |- | ២០២៤ | ឡូយ ច័ន្ទរស្មី | [[រាជធានីភ្នំពេញ]] | Unplaced | |- | ២០២៣ | សំណាង អេលីណា | [[រាជធានីភ្នំពេញ]] | Top 16 | Top 7 Best National Costume |- | ២០២២ | ជា ចារ៉ានី | [[ខេត្តបាត់ដំបង]] | Unplaced | |- | ២០១៩ | បុណ្យ កញ្ចនធីតា | [[រាជធានីភ្នំពេញ]] | Unplaced | |- | ២០១៧ | ញាត សុភា | [[រាជធានីភ្នំពេញ]] | Unplaced | |- |} == ឯកសារយោង == dkv2pdiuo5716u2e6sqdn37essl8bvx 10 39658 336901 270312 2026-06-23T12:10:41Z CommonsDelinker 142 Replacing Flag_of_Peru_(state).svg with [[File:War_flag_of_Peru.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · This is not the State flag, this is the war flag [ht 336901 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = ប៉េរូ | flag alias = Flag of Peru.svg | flag alias-1825 = Flag of Peru (1825–1950).svg | flag alias-state = War flag of Peru.svg | link alias-naval = កងទ័ពជើងទឹកប៉េរូ | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1825 | var2 = state | redir1 = PER | redir2 = Peru </noinclude> }} 3qs5d6rwrlgzy6e0hd991fa92bmjec1 0 46391 336912 332308 2026-06-24T03:33:19Z TheRandomGoober 27248 ធ្វើបច្ចុប្បន្នភាពប្រអប់ព័ត៌មាន 336912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{update}} {{Infobox subdivision type | name = ខេត្ត និងក្រុងនៃវៀតណាម<br>{{nobold|''Tỉnh và thành phố trực thuộc trung ương Việt Nam''}} | map = [[File:Vietnam location map.svg|200px]] | category = [[ឯកត្តរដ្ឋ]] | territory = {{flag|វៀតណាម}} | upper_unit = | start_date = ២ កញ្ញា ១៩៤៥ ([[សាធារណរដ្ឋប្រជាធិបតេយ្យវៀតណាម|ស.ប.វ.]]) | start_date1 = ២ កក្កដា ១៩៧៦ (បង្រួបបង្រួម) | start_date2 = ១ កក្កដា ២០២៥ (ទម្រង់បច្ចុប្បន្ន) | start_date3 = | start_date4 = | legislation_begin = | legislation_end = | end_date = | current_number = ២៧ ខេត្ត<br>៧ ក្រុង | number_date = មេសា ២០២៥ | exofficio = | type = | status = | population_range = ៥១២,៦០១ ([[ខេត្តឡាយចឺវ|ឡាយចឺវ]]) –<br> ១៤,០០២,៥៩៨ ([[ទីក្រុងហូជីមិញ]]) | area_range = ២,៥១៤.៨១ គម^២ ([[ខេត្តហ៊ឹងអៀន|ហ៊ឹងអៀន]]) — ២៤,២៣៣.០៧ គម^២ ([[ខេត្តឡឹមដុង|ឡឹមដុង]]) | government = [[រដ្ឋកុម្មុយនីស្ត]]ថ្នាក់ខេត្ត | subdivision = [[ស្រុក (វៀតណាម)|ស្រុក]] | subdivision1 = [[សង្កាត់ (វៀតណាម)|សង្កាត់]] | subdivision2 = [[តំបន់ពិសេស (វៀតណាម)|តំបន់ពិសេស]] }} {{នយោបាយវៀតណាម}} {{បំណែងចែករដ្ឋបាលវៀតណាម}} ប្រទេស[[វៀតណាម]]គឺត្រូវបានបែងចែកទៅជាបំណែងចែករដ្ឋបាលកម្រិតទីមួយចំនួន ៣៤ ដោយក្នុងនោះមាន ២៧ [[ខេត្ត]] និង ៧ [[បញ្ជីរាយទីប្រជុំជននៅវៀតណាម|ក្រុង]] ដោយស្ថិតនៅក្រោមអាជ្ញាធរនៃរដ្ឋាភិបាលកណ្តាល ។ == បញ្ជី និងស្ថិតិ== {{ខេត្តនៃវៀតណាម|align=none}} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" ! colspan="2" |ខេត្ត/ទីក្រុង ! colspan="2" |មជ្ឈមណ្ឌលរដ្ឋបាល ! rowspan="2" |តំបន់ (ក្នុង​គីឡូម៉ែត្រការ៉េ) <ref name="area_2018">{{cite act|index=2908/QĐ-BTNMT|title=Phê duyệt và công bố kết quả thống kê diện tích đất đai của cả nước năm 2018|language=Vietnamese|trans-title=Announcements of area statistics for the whole country in 2018|url=http://www.monre.gov.vn/VanBan/Lists/VanBanChiDao/Attachments/2299/QD%202908.rar|legislature=[[Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Vietnam)]]|date=November 13, 2019}} - the data in the report are in ares, rounded to integers</ref> ! rowspan="2" |ចំនួនប្រជាជន <ref name="census2019_datasheet">{{cite book|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YK6iY-j0AfZTuip28Py2Gmz5P8zw04Rn/view?usp=sharing|section-url=http://tongdieutradanso.vn/uploads/data/6/files/files/2_%20Bieu%20so%20lieu%20va%20phu%20luc%20(duyet%20gui%20in).pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200509091125/http://tongdieutradanso.vn/uploads/data/6/files/files/2_%20Bieu%20so%20lieu%20va%20phu%20luc%20(duyet%20gui%20in).pdf|archive-date=9 May 2020|title=Kết quả Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở thời điểm 0 giờ ngày 01 tháng 4 năm 2019|trans-title=Results of the Census of Population and Housing at 0 o'clock April 1, 2019|publisher=Statistical publishing house, Central Population and Housing Census Steering Committee, [[General Statistics Office of Vietnam]] ({{lang-vi|Nhà xuất bản thống kê, Ban chỉ đạo Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở Trung ương, Tổng cục Thống kê}})|publication-place=Hanoi|access-date=15 May 2020|date=December 2019|trans-section=Part III - Tabulated tables|section=Phần III - biểu tổng hợp|language=vi|isbn=978-604-75-1448-9|url-status=live|format=pdf}}</ref> ! rowspan="2" |ដង់ស៊ីតេ (/គីឡូម៉ែត្រការ៉េ) <ref name="census2019_datasheet" /><ref group="note">The density is rounded like presented here in the official census data; the data matches exactly with the area data from the 2018 area statistics if rounded to nearest integer.</ref> ! rowspan="2" |% ជនទីក្រុង <ref name="census2019_datasheet" /> ! rowspan="2" |[[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2012) <ref name="HDI">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831162734/http://www.vn.undp.org/content/dam/vietnam/docs/Publications/NHDR%202015%20(E).pdf|archive-date=31 August 2018|url=http://www.vn.undp.org/content/dam/vietnam/docs/Publications/NHDR%202015%20(E).pdf|title=Growth that works for all: Viet Nam Human Development Report 2015 on Inclusive Growth|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|date=January 2016|pages=173–174|access-date=31 August 2018|archivedate=31 សីហា 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831162734/http://www.vn.undp.org/content/dam/vietnam/docs/Publications/NHDR%202015%20(E).pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> ! rowspan="2" |GDP សម្រាប់មនុស្សម្នាក់ (2011 PPP US$)<ref name="HDI" /> ! rowspan="2" |តំបន់ |- !ឈ្មោះជាភាសាខ្មែរ !ឈ្មោះជាភាសាវៀតណាម !ឈ្មោះជាភាសាខ្មែរ !ឈ្មោះជាភាសាវៀតណាម |- |[[ខេត្តបាកយ៉ាង]] |Tỉnh Bắc Giang |[[បាកយ៉ាង]] |Bắc Giang | align="right" |3,895.59 | align="right" |1,803,950 <ref name="bac_giang_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=https://en.bacgiang.gov.vn/detailed-news/-/asset_publisher/MVQI5B2YMPsk/content/bac-giang-the-population-surpassed-1-8-million|website=BAC GIANG PORTAL|publisher=[[UBND]] [[Bắc Giang]]|title=Bac Giang: The population surpassed 1.8 million|language=en|date=2019-10-11|access-date=14 May 2020}}{{Dead link|date=តុលា 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="right" |463 | align="right" |11.4 | align="right" |0.711 | align="right" |1,909.44 | rowspan="10" |ភាគឦសាន |- |[[ខេត្តបាកកាន]] |Tỉnh Bắc Kạn |[[បាកកាន]] |Bắc Kạn | align="right" |4,859.96 | align="right" |313,905 <ref name="bac_kan_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=https://backan.gov.vn/Pages/tin-tuc-su-kien-215/chinh-tri-xa-hoi-156/tong-dan-so-cua-tinh-bac-kan-l-6df1abe53242a633.aspx|website=Cổng thông tin đối ngoại tỉnh Bắc Kạn|publisher=[[UBND]] [[Bắc Kạn]]|title=Tổng dân số của tỉnh Bắc Kạn là trên 313.900 người|language=vi|trans-title=The total population of Bắc Kạn province is over 313,900 people|date=2019-07-15|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200507004911/https://backan.gov.vn/Pages/tin-tuc-su-kien-215/chinh-tri-xa-hoi-156/tong-dan-so-cua-tinh-bac-kan-l-6df1abe53242a633.aspx|archive-date=7 May 2020|url-status=live}}{{Dead link|date=មិថុនា 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="right" |65 | align="right" |20.7 | align="right" |0.685 | align="right" |1,766.68 |- |[[ខេត្តកាវបាង]] |Tỉnh Cao Bằng |[[កាវបាង]] |Cao Bằng | align="right" |6,700.26 | align="right" |530,341 <ref name="cao_bang_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=https://sogtvt.caobang.gov.vn/ubnd/4/469/77218/615987/Van-hoa-Xa-hoi/Hoi-nghi-truc-tuyen-cong-bo-ket-qua-so-bo-tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-nam-2019.aspx|website=Cổng thông tin đối ngoại tỉnh Cao Bằng|publisher=[[UBND]] [[Cao Bằng]]|title=Hội nghị trực tuyến công bố kết quả sơ bộ tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019|language=vi|trans-title=Meeting to Announce 2019 Population and Housing Census|date=2019-12-12|access-date=14 May 2020|archivedate=2019-08-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824120517/http://sogtvt.caobang.gov.vn/ubnd/4/469/77218/615987/Van-hoa-Xa-hoi/Hoi-nghi-truc-tuyen-cong-bo-ket-qua-so-bo-tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-nam-2019.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right" |79 | align="right" |23.3 | align="right" |0.653 | align="right" |1,564.27 |- |[[ខេត្តហាយ៉ាង]] |Tỉnh Hà Giang |[[ហាយ៉ាង]] |Hà Giang | align="right" |7,929.48 | align="right" |854,679 <ref name="ha_giang_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=http://baohagiang.vn/thoi-su-chinh-tri/201907/cong-bo-ket-qua-so-bo-tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-nam-2019-747372/|website=Báo Hà Giang|publisher=Hà Giang Provincial Party Committee|title=Công bố kết quả sơ bộ Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019|language=vi|trans-title=Announcing Preliminary Results of 2019 Population and Housing Census|date=2019-07-11|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref> | align="right" |108 | align="right" |15.9 | align="right" |0.586 | align="right" |1,083.72 |- |[[ខេត្តឡាំងសឹន]] |Tỉnh Lạng Sơn |[[ឡាំងសឹន]] |Lạng Sơn | align="right" |8,310.09 | align="right" |781,655 <ref name="lang_son_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=http://www.langson.gov.vn/truc-tuyen-cong-bo-ket-qua-so-bo-tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-nam-2019|website=Cổng thông tin đối ngoại tỉnh Lạng Sơn|publisher=[[UBND]] [[Lạng Sơn]]|title=Trực tuyến công bố kết quả sơ bộ tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019|language=vi|trans-title=Online Publication of Preliminary Results of 2019 Population and Housing Census|date=2019-07-11|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref> | align="right" |94 | align="right" |20.4 | align="right" |0.707 | align="right" |2,201.98 |- |[[ខេត្តហ៊្វូថោះ]] |Tỉnh Phú Thọ |[[វៀតជី]] |Việt Trì | align="right" |3,534.56 | align="right" |1,463,726 <ref name="phu_tho_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=http://thanhson.phutho.gov.vn/Chuyen-muc-tin/Chi-tiet-tin/t/hoi-nghi-tong-ket-tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-2019/title/9735/ctitle/18?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1|website=TRANG THÔNG TIN ĐIỆN TỬ TỔNG HỢP HUYỆN THANH SƠN|title=Hội nghị tổng kết Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở 2019|language=vi|trans-title=Meeting on 2019 Population and Housing Census|date=2019-10-22|access-date=14 May 2020|archivedate=2019-09-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923200211/http://thanhson.phutho.gov.vn/Chuyen-muc-tin/Chi-tiet-tin/t/hoi-nghi-tong-ket-tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-2019/title/9735/ctitle/18?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right" |414 | align="right" |18.1 | align="right" |0.715 | align="right" |1,916.23 |- |[[ខេត្តក្វាងនិញ]] |Tỉnh Quảng Ninh |[[ហាឡង]] |Hạ Long | align="right" |6,178.21 | align="right" |1,320,324 <ref name="quang_ninh_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=http://dichvucong.quangninh.gov.vn/Default.aspx?tabid=121&ctl=ndetail&mid=511&nid=81538|website=CHÍNH QUYỀN ĐIỆN TỬ TỈNH QUẢNG NINH|publisher=[[UBND]] [[Quảng Ninh]]|title=Tổng kết điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019|language=vi|trans-title=2019 Population and Housing Census|date=2019-10-29|access-date=14 May 2020|archivedate=2021-09-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210919225635/https://dichvucong.quangninh.gov.vn/Default.aspx?tabid=121&ctl=ndetail&mid=511&nid=81538|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right" |214 | align="right" |64.1 | align="right" |0.784 | align="right" |7,834.55 |- |[[ខេត្តថាយង្វៀន]] |Tỉnh Thái Nguyên |[[ថាយង្វៀន]] |Tỉnh Thái Nguyên | align="right" |3,526.64 | align="right" |1,286,751 <ref name="thai_nguyen_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=http://baothainguyen.org.vn/tin-tuc/xa-hoi/tinh-den-ngay-142019-tong-so-dan-cua-viet-nam-hon-962-trieu-nguoi-264948-85.html|website=Báo Thái Nguyên|publisher=Thái Nguyên Provincial Party Committee|title=Tính đến ngày 1-4-2019: Tổng số dân của Việt Nam hơn 96,2 triệu người|language=vi|trans-title=As of April 1, 2019, Vietnam's total population is more than 96.2 million|date=2019-07-11|access-date=14 May 2020|archivedate=2020-08-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813074313/http://baothainguyen.org.vn/tin-tuc/xa-hoi/tinh-den-ngay-142019-tong-so-dan-cua-viet-nam-hon-962-trieu-nguoi-264948-85.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right" |365 | align="right" |31.9 | align="right" |0.741 | align="right" |2,547.11 |- |[[ខេត្តទ្វៀនក្វាង]] |Tỉnh Tuyên Quang |[[ទ្វៀនក្វាង]] |Tuyên Quang | align="right" |5,867.90 | align="right" |784,811<ref name="tuyen_quang_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=https://tuyenquang.gov.vn/Pages/gioi-thieu.aspx?ItemID=20&l=Gioithieu|website=Cổng thông tin đối ngoại tỉnh Tuyên Quang|title=Những nét khái quát về Tuyên Quang|language=vi|trans-title=Overview of Tuyên Quang|date=2020-03-10|access-date=14 May 2020|archivedate=2021-11-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111160921/https://tuyenquang.gov.vn/Pages/gioi-thieu.aspx?ItemID=20&l=Gioithieu|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right" |134 | align="right" |13.8 | align="right" |0.699 | align="right" |1,948.18 |- |[[ខេត្តឡាវកាយ]] |Tỉnh Lào Cai |[[ឡាវកាយ]] |Lào Cai | align="right" |6,364.03 | align="right" |730,420 <ref name="lao_cai_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=http://www.doingoailaocai.vn/vi/bai-viet/9581|website=Cổng thông tin đối ngoại tỉnh Lào Cai|title=Dân số Lào Cai|publisher=[[UBND]] [[Lào Cai]]|language=vi|trans-title=Population of Lào Cai|date=2019-09-24|access-date=14 May 2020|archivedate=2020-01-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116020103/http://doingoailaocai.vn/vi/bai-viet/9581|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right" |115 | align="right" |23.5 | align="right" |0.670 | align="right" |2,767.55 |- |[[ខេត្តអៀនបាយ]] |Tỉnh Yên Bái |[[អៀនបាយ]] |Yên Bái | align="right" |6,887.46 | align="right" |821,030 <ref name="yen_bai_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=http://www.yenbai.gov.vn/Pages/Vi-Tri-dia-Ly.aspx?ItemID=7&l=vitridialy|website=Cổng thông tin đối ngoại tỉnh Yên Bái|publisher=[[Yên Bái]] [[UBND]]|title=Vị trí địa lý - Địa hình - Địa giới hành chính của tỉnh Yên Bái|language=vi|trans-title=Geographical location - Topography - Administrative boundary of Yên Bái province|date=2019-08-02|access-date=14 May 2020|archivedate=2020-05-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200505173116/http://yenbai.gov.vn/Pages/Vi-Tri-dia-Ly.aspx?ItemID=7&l=vitridialy|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right" |119 | align="right" |19.8 | align="right" |0.657 | align="right" |1,845.51 | rowspan="5" |ភាគពាយ័ព្យ |- |[[ខេត្តឌៀនបៀន]] |Tỉnh Điện Biên |[[ឌៀនបៀនហ៊្វូ]] |Điện Biên Phủ | align="right" |9,541.25 | align="right" |598,856 <ref name="dien_bien_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=http://chicucdskhhgd.soytedienbien.gov.vn/portal/pages/2019-8-9/Ket-qua-so-bo-tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-nam-20iomla15jmgvw.aspx|website=Chi cục Kế hoạch hóa gia đình tỉnh Điện Biên|title=Kết quả sơ bộ tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019|language=vi|trans-title=Preliminary Results of 2019 Population and Housing Census|date=2019-08-15|access-date=14 May 2020|archivedate=2020-10-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020001453/http://chicucdskhhgd.soytedienbien.gov.vn/portal/pages/2019-8-9/Ket-qua-so-bo-tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-nam-20iomla15jmgvw.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right" |63 | align="right" |14.4 | align="right" |0.611 | align="right" |1,589.03 |- |[[ខេត្តហ្វាបិញ]] |Tỉnh Hòa Bình |[[ហ្វាបិញ]] |Hòa Bình | align="right" |4,590.57 | align="right" |854,131 <ref name="hoa_binh_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=http://www.hoabinh.gov.vn/web/guest/68/-/vcmsviewcontent/GbkG/2320/2320/243536|website=Cổng thông tin đối ngoại tỉnh Hòa Bình|title=Tổng kết công tác tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019|language=vi|trans-title=Summary of 2019 Population and Housing Census|date=2019-11-13|access-date=14 May 2020}}{{Dead link|date=មិថុនា 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="right" |186 | align="right" |15.7 | align="right" |0.715 | align="right" |2,343.13 |- |[[ខេត្តឡាយចឺវ]] |Tỉnh Lai Châu |[[ឡាយចឺវ]] |Lai Châu | align="right" |9,068.79 | align="right" |460,196 <ref name="lai_chau_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=https://laichau.gov.vn/danh-muc/hoat-dong-trong-tinh/tin-ubnd/tong-ket-tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-nam-2019.html|website=Cổng thông tin đối ngoại tỉnh Lai Châu|title=Tổng kết Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019|language=vi|publisher=[[UBND]] [[Lai Châu]]|trans-title=Summary of 2019 Population and Housing Census|date=2019-11-29|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref> | align="right" |51 | align="right" |17.8 | align="right" |0.560 | align="right" |1,081.84 |- |[[ខេត្តសឹនឡា]] |Tỉnh Sơn La |[[សឹនឡា]] |Sơn La | align="right" |14,123.49 | align="right" |1,248,415 <ref name="son_la_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=http://baosonla.org.vn/vi/bai-viet/hoi-nghi-truc-tuyen-cong-bo-ket-qua-so-bo-tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-nam-2019-24194|website=Báo Sơn La|publisher=Sơn La Provincial Party Committee|title=Hội nghị trực tuyến công bố kết quả sơ bộ Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019|language=vi|trans-title=Meeting to Announce Preliminary Results of 2019 Population and Housing Census|date=2019-07-11|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref> | align="right" |88 | align="right" |13.8 | align="right" |0.634 | align="right" |1,773.90 |- |[[ខេត្តបាកនិញ]] |Tỉnh Bắc Ninh |[[បាកនិញ]] |Bắc Ninh | align="right" |822.71 | align="right" |1,368,840 <ref name="bac_ninh_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=http://bacninh.gov.vn/news/-/details/20182/tong-ket-tong-ieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-nam-2019|website=Cổng Thông tin điện tử tỉnh Bắc Ninh|publisher=[[UBND]] [[Bắc Ninh]]|title=Tổng kết Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019|language=vi|trans-title=Summary of 2019 Population and Housing Census|date=2019-10-21|access-date=14 May 2020|archivedate=2019-10-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022033439/http://bacninh.gov.vn/news/-/details/20182/tong-ket-tong-ieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-nam-2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right" |1,664 | align="right" |27.5 | align="right" |0.771 | align="right" |4,451.41 | rowspan="10" |[[ដីសណ្ដទន្លេក្រហម]] |- |[[ខេត្តហាណាម]] |Tỉnh Hà Nam |[[ហ្វូលី]] |Phủ Lý | align="right" |861.93 | align="right" |852,800 <ref name="ha_nam_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=https://hanam.gov.vn/Pages/hoi-nghi-tong-ket-tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-nam-2019.aspxl|website=Cổng thông tin đối ngoại tỉnh Hà Nam|publisher=[[UBND]] [[Hà Nam]]|title=Hội nghị tổng kết tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019|language=vi|trans-title=Meeting on 2019 Population and Housing Census|date=2019-10-11|access-date=14 May 2020}}{{Dead link|date=មិថុនា 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="right" |989 | align="right" |16.7 | align="right" |0.724 | align="right" |2,131.93 |- |[[ខេត្តហាយសឿង]] |Tỉnh Hải Dương |[[ហាយសឿង]] |Hải Dương | align="right" |1,668.24 | align="right" |1,892,254 <ref name="hai_duong_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=http://haiduong.gov.vn/Trang/ChiTietTinTuc.aspx?nid=79|website=Cổng thông tin đối ngoại tỉnh Hải Dương|publisher=[[UBND]] [[Hải Dương]]|title=Hội nghị trực tuyến công bố kết quả sơ bộ cuộc Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019|language=vi|trans-title=Meeting to Announce Preliminary Results of 2019 Population and Housing Census|date=2019-11-07|access-date=14 May 2020|archivedate=2021-11-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111160916/http://haiduong.gov.vn/Trang/ChiTietTinTuc.aspx?nid=79|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right" |1,134 | align="right" |25.2 | align="right" |0.746 | align="right" |2,513.92 |- |[[ខេត្តហ៊ឹងអៀន]] |Tỉnh Hưng Yên |[[ហ៊ឹងអៀន]] |Tỉnh Hưng Yên | align="right" |930.22 | align="right" |1,252,731 <ref name="hung_yen_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=http://thanhphohungyen.gov.vn/dan-so-hung-yen-dong-thu-28-toan-quoc-c214778.html|website=TRANG THÔNG TIN ĐIỆN TỬ THÀNH PHỐ HƯNG YÊN|publisher=[[UBND]] [[Hưng Yên]]|title=Dân số Hưng Yên đông thứ 28 toàn quốc|language=vi|trans-title=Hưng Yên's population is the 28th largest nationwide|date=2019-10-25|access-date=14 May 2020|archivedate=2020-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222121800/http://thanhphohungyen.gov.vn/dan-so-hung-yen-dong-thu-28-toan-quoc-c214778.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right" |1,347 | align="right" |12.2 | align="right" |0.743 | align="right" |2,503.79 |- |[[ខេត្តណាមឌិញ]] |Tỉnh Nam Định |[[ណាមឌិញ]] |Nam Định | align="right" |1,668.57 | align="right" |1,780,393 <ref name="nam_dinh_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=http://phunu.namdinh.gov.vn/chi-tiet-noi-dung-truyen-thong-ve-cong-tac-dan-so-trong-tinh-hinh-moi-tren-dia-ban-huyen-my-loc-975.html|website=Bản quyền thuộc Hội liên hiệp phụ nữ tỉnh Nam Định|title=Truyền thông về công tác dân số trong tình hình mới trên địa bàn huyện Mỹ Lộc|language=vi|trans-title=Discussion about new population situation in My Loc district|date=2019-11-05|access-date=14 May 2020|archivedate=2019-11-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191119151432/http://phunu.namdinh.gov.vn/chi-tiet-noi-dung-truyen-thong-ve-cong-tac-dan-so-trong-tinh-hinh-moi-tren-dia-ban-huyen-my-loc-975.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right" |1,067 | align="right" |18.2 | align="right" |0.726 | align="right" |1,904.97 |- |[[ខេត្តនិញប៊ិញ]] |Tỉnh Ninh Bình |[[និញប៊ិញ]] |Ninh Bình | align="right" |1,386.79 | align="right" |982,487 <ref name="ninh_binh_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=https://ninhbinh.gov.vn/ubnd-ninhbinh/4/469/39067/164772/Tin-noi-bat/Hoi-nghi-tong-ket-cuoc-Tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-nam-2019-tren-dia-ban-tinh-Ninh-Binh.aspx|website=Cổng thông tin đối ngoại tỉnh Ninh Bình|publisher=[[UBND]] [[Ninh Bình]]|title=Hội nghị tổng kết cuộc Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019 trên địa bàn tỉnh Ninh Bình|language=vi|trans-title=Meeting on 2019 Population and Housing Census in Ninh Binh province|date=2019-10-09|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref> | align="right" |708 | align="right" |21 | align="right" |0.733 | align="right" |2,478.79 |- |[[ខេត្តថាយប៊ិញ]] |Tỉnh Thái Bình |ថាយប៊ិញ |Tỉnh Thái | align="right" |1,586.35 | align="right" |1,860,447 <ref name="thai_binh_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=https://thaibinh.gov.vn/tin-tuc/van-hoa-xa-hoi/ket-qua-so-bo-tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-nam-2019.html|website=Cổng thông tin điện tử tỉnh Thái Bình|title=Kết quả sơ bộ tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019|language=vi|trans-title=Preliminary Results of 2019 Population and Housing Census|date=2019-10-28|access-date=14 May 2020|archivedate=2021-09-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925175110/https://thaibinh.gov.vn/tin-tuc/van-hoa-xa-hoi/ket-qua-so-bo-tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-nam-2019.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right" |1,173 | align="right" |10.6 | align="right" |0.738 | align="right" |2,090.86 |- |[[ខេត្តវិញហ្វុក]] |Tỉnh Vĩnh Phúc |[[វិញអៀន]] |Vĩnh Yên | align="right" |1,235.87 | align="right" |1,151,154 <ref name="vinh_phuc_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=http://chicucdanso.vinhphuc.gov.vn/Statistics/StatisticDetailView/faacb2c3-fc2c-4bf5-a44d-b7bbcf9fe38a|website=Chi cục dân số - Kế hoạch hóa gia đình tỉnh Vĩnh Phúc|title=Báo cáo Kết quả sơ bộ Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019-tỉnh Vĩnh Phúc|language=vi|trans-title=Preliminary Results of 2019 Population and Housing Census|access-date=14 May 2020|archivedate=29 តុលា 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029050129/http://chicucdanso.vinhphuc.gov.vn/Statistics/StatisticDetailView/faacb2c3-fc2c-4bf5-a44d-b7bbcf9fe38a|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right" |932 | align="right" |25.6 | align="right" |0.764 | align="right" |3,990.61 |- |[[ទីក្រុងហាណូយ]] |Thành phố Hà Nội |[[ស្រុកហ្វានគៀម]] |Quận Hoàn Kiếm | align="right" |3,358.60 | align="right" |8,053,663 <ref name="ha_noi_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=https://hanoi.gov.vn/ct_trangchu/-/hn/eGyAvmWjq0X4/3/2830671/8/tong-ket-cong-tac-tong-ieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-nam-2019.html|website=[[UBND]] [[Hanoi]]|title=Tổng kết công tác Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019|language=vi|trans-title=Summary of 2019 Population and Housing Census|date=2019-10-11|access-date=14 May 2020|archivedate=2020-06-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607071123/https://hanoi.gov.vn/ct_trangchu/-/hn/eGyAvmWjq0X4/3/2830671/8/tong-ket-cong-tac-tong-ieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-nam-2019.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right" |2,398 | align="right" |49.2 | align="right" |0.794 | align="right" |3,923.21 |- |[[ហាយហ្វង|ទីក្រុងហាយហ្វង]] |Thành phố Hải Phòng |[[ស្រុកហុងបាង]] |Quận Hồng Bàng | align="right" |1,561.76 | align="right" |2,028,514 <ref name="hai_phong_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=http://thongkehaiphong.gov.vn/an-pham-thong-ke/dan-so-thanh-pho-hai-phong-thoi-diem-0-gio-ngay01-4-2019-la-2-028-514-nguoi-109.html|website=CỤC THỐNG KÊ THÀNH PHỐ HẢI PHÒNG|title=Dân số thành phố Hải Phòng thời điểm 0 giờ ngày01/4/2019 là 2.028.514 người|language=vi|trans-title=The population of Hai Phong city at midnight on April 1, 2019 1as 2,028,514|date=2020-03-15|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref> | align="right" |1,299 | align="right" |45.6 | align="right" |0.773 | align="right" |3,849.18 |- |[[ខេត្តហាទិញ]] |Tỉnh Hà Tĩnh |[[ហាទិញ]] |Hà Tĩnh | align="right" |5,990.67 | align="right" |1,288,866 <ref name="ha_tinh_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=http://songoaivu.hatinh.gov.vn/page/open/title/nguon_nhan_luc|website=Foreign Affairs Department of Ha Tinh province|title=Nguồn nhân lực|language=vi|trans-title=Human resources|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref> | align="right" |215 | align="right" |19.5 | align="right" |0.725 | align="right" |2,117.32 | rowspan="6" |ឆ្នេរកណ្តាលខាងជើង |- |[[ខេត្តងេះអាន]] |Tỉnh Nghệ An |[[វិញ]] |Vinh | align="right" |16,481.41 | align="right" |3,327,791 <ref name="nghe_an_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=http://www.banvstbpnnghean.gov.vn/can-tang-cuong-su-lanh-dao-cua-cac-cap-uy-dang-trong-cong-tac-binh-dang-gioi-va-vi-su-tien-bo-cua-phu-nu-post92|website=Committee for the Advancement of Women in Nghe An HÓA|title=Cần tăng cường sự lãnh đạo của các cấp uỷ Đảng trong công tác Bình đẳng giới và Vì sự tiến bộ của phụ nữ|language=vi|trans-title=It is necessary to strengthen the leadership of the Party committees in the work of Gender Equality and For the Advancement of Women|date=2019-05-14|access-date=14 May 2020|archivedate=2020-10-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024054250/http://banvstbpnnghean.gov.vn/can-tang-cuong-su-lanh-dao-cua-cac-cap-uy-dang-trong-cong-tac-binh-dang-gioi-va-vi-su-tien-bo-cua-phu-nu-post92|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right" |202 | align="right" |14.7 | align="right" |0.715 | align="right" |2,379.59 |- |[[ខេត្តក្វាងប៊ិញ]] |Tỉnh Quảng Bình |[[ដុងហើយ]] |Đồng Hới | align="right" |8,065.3 | align="right" |895,430 <ref name="quang_binh_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=http://songoaivu.hatinh.gov.vn/page/open/title/nguon_nhan_luc|website=Cổng thông tin đối ngoại tỉnh Quảng Bình|title=Hội nghị trực tuyến toàn quốc công bố kết quả sơ bộ Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019|language=vi|publisher=[[UBND]] [[Quảng Bình]]|trans-title=Announcement of 2019 Population and Housing Census|date=2019-07-12|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref> | align="right" |112 | align="right" |21 | align="right" |0.716 | align="right" |2,203.01 |- |[[ខេត្តក្វាងជិ]] |Tỉnh Quảng Trị |[[ដុងហា]] |Đông Hà | align="right" |4,621.72 | align="right" |632,375 <ref name="quang_tri_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=http://ubmttqvn.quangtri.gov.vn/Tin-tuc-tong-hop/tong-ket-cong-tac-tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-nam-2019-3000.html|website=ỦY BAN MẶT TRẬN TỔ QUỐC QUẢNG TRỊ|title=Tổng kết công tác tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019|language=vi|trans-title=Summary of 2019 Population and Housing Census|date=2019-10-22|access-date=14 May 2020}}{{Dead link|date=មិថុនា 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="right" |137 | align="right" |30.9 | align="right" |0.696 | align="right" |2,672.10 |- |[[ខេត្តថាញហ្វា]] |Tỉnh Thanh Hóa |[[ថាញហ្វា]] |Thanh Hóa | align="right" |11,114.65 | align="right" |3,640,128 <ref name="thanh_hoa_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=https://ninhbinh.gov.vn/ubnd-ninhbinh/4/469/39067/164772/Tin-noi-bat/Hoi-nghi-tong-ket-cuoc-Tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-nam-2019-tren-dia-ban-tinh-Ninh-Binh.aspx|website=Cổng thông tin đối ngoại tỉnh Thanh Hóa|publisher=[[UBND]] [[Thanh Hóa]]|title=Hội nghị tổng kết công tác điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019.|language=vi|trans-title=Meeting on 2019 Population and Housing Census|date=2019-11-15|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref> | align="right" |328 | align="right" |14.9 | align="right" |0.716 | align="right" |2,434.69 |- |[[ហ្វេ]] |Huế |[[ធួនហ្វា]] |Thuận Hóa | align="right" |4,902.44 | align="right" |1,128,620 <ref name="hue_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=https://thuathienhue.gov.vn/en-us/Home/Festival/Festival-Detail/tid/Thua-Thien-Hue-province-ranks-5th-among-63-provincescities-country-wide-in-the-2019-Population-and-Housing-Census/newsid/F4D3487D-AB99-4758-8469-AAEF00ED846E/cid/A188E73D-A1A6-4843-A990-C4E40BC3B182|website=PORTAL OF THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE|title=Thua Thien Hue province ranks 5th among 63 provinces/cities country-wide in the 2019 Population and Housing Census|language=en|date=2019-10-23|access-date=14 May 2020|archivedate=2021-09-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924184624/https://thuathienhue.gov.vn/en-us/Home/Festival/Festival-Detail/tid/Thua-Thien-Hue-province-ranks-5th-among-63-provincescities-country-wide-in-the-2019-Population-and-Housing-Census/newsid/F4D3487D-AB99-4758-8469-AAEF00ED846E/cid/A188E73D-A1A6-4843-A990-C4E40BC3B182|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right" |230 | align="right" |49.5 | align="right" |0.735 | align="right" |3,072.58 |- |[[ខេត្តដាក់ឡាក់]] |Tỉnh Đắk Lắk |[[បួនម៉ាធួត]] |Buôn Ma Thuột | align="right" |13,030.50 | align="right" |1,869,322 <ref name="dak_lak_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=https://daklak.gov.vn/tin-tuc-su-kien/-/asset_publisher/bDngMUmMrWIw/content/quy-mo-dan-so-ak-lak-ung-au-khu-vuc-tay-nguyen|website=Cổng thông tin đối ngoại tỉnh Đắk Lắk|title=Quy mô dân số Đắk Lắk đứng đầu khu vực Tây Nguyên|language=vi|trans-title=Population of Đắk Lắk is first in the Central Highlands region|date=2019-10-25|access-date=14 May 2020|archivedate=2022-12-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201012145/https://daklak.gov.vn/tin-tuc-su-kien/-/asset_publisher/bDngMUmMrWIw/content/quy-mo-dan-so-ak-lak-ung-au-khu-vuc-tay-nguyen|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right" |143 | align="right" |24.7 | align="right" |0.708 | align="right" |2,555.78 | rowspan="5" |តំបន់ខ្ពង់រាបកណ្តាល |- |[[ខេត្តដាក់ណុង]] |Tỉnh Đắk Nông |[[យ៉ាងៀ]] |Gia Nghĩa | align="right" |6,509.27 | align="right" |622,168 <ref name="dak_nong_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=http://baodaknong.org.vn/xa-hoi/ty-le-tang-dan-so-duoc-kiem-soat-nha-o-duoc-cai-thien-74964.html|website=Báo Đắk Nông|title=Tỷ lệ tăng dân số được kiểm soát, nhà ở được cải thiện|language=vi|trans-title=Population growth rate is under control, housing has improved|date=2019-10-08|access-date=14 May 2020}}{{Dead link|date=កុម្ភៈ 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="right" |96 | align="right" |15.2 | align="right" |0.710 | align="right" |3,000.70 |- |[[ចារ៉ាយ|ខេត្តចារ៉ាយ]] (យ៉ារ៉ាយ) |Tỉnh Gia Lai |ប៉្លីគូ |Pleiku | align="right" |15,510.99 | align="right" |1,513,847 <ref name="gia_lai_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=https://www.kontum.gov.vn/pages/detail/33730/Tong-ket-Tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-nam-2019.html|website=Tỉnh ủy Gia Lai|title=Gia Lai: Tổng kết công tác Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019|language=vi|publisher=[[Gia Lai]] Provincial Party Committee|trans-title=Gia Lai: Summary of 2019 Population and Housing Census|date=2019-11-21|access-date=14 May 2020|archivedate=2021-11-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111160915/https://www.kontum.gov.vn/pages/detail/33730/Tong-ket-Tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-nam-2019.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right" |98 | align="right" |29 | align="right" |0.689 | align="right" |3,023.20 |- |[[ខេត្តកនទុម]] |Tỉnh Kon Tum |[[កនទុម]] |Kon Tum | align="right" |9,674.18 | align="right" |540,438 <ref name="kon_tum_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=https://www.kontum.gov.vn/pages/detail/33730/Tong-ket-Tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-nam-2019.html|website=Cổng thông tin đối ngoại tỉnh Kon Tum|title=Tổng kết Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019|language=vi|publisher=[[UBND]] [[Kon Tum]]|trans-title=Summary of 2019 Population and Housing Census|date=2019-11-21|access-date=14 May 2020|archivedate=2021-11-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111160915/https://www.kontum.gov.vn/pages/detail/33730/Tong-ket-Tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-nam-2019.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right" |56 | align="right" |32 | align="right" |0.656 | align="right" |2,075.42 |- |[[ខេត្តឡឹមដុង]] |Tỉnh Lâm Đồng |[[ដាឡាត់]] |Đà Lạt | align="right" |9,783.34 | align="right" |1,296,906 <ref name="lam_dong_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=http://baolamdong.vn/xahoi/201912/ky-niem-ngay-dan-so-viet-nam-2612-van-de-dan-so-va-phat-trien-2980215/|website=Báo Lâm Đồng|title=Vấn đề dân số và phát triển|language=vi|trans-title=Population and Development Issues|date=2019-12-25|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref> | align="right" |133 | align="right" |39.2 | align="right" |0.735 | align="right" |3,331.80 |- |[[ខេត្តប៊ិញឌិញ]] |Tỉnh Bình Định |[[គ្វីញើន]] |Quy Nhơn | align="right" |6,066.21 | align="right" |1,486,918 <ref name="binh_dinh_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=https://www.binhdinh.gov.vn/inetcloud/portal/main/page/news/chitiet.ivt?intl=vi&id=5dca7f5559541321937d98bd|website=CỔNG THÔNG TIN ĐIỆN TỬ ỦY BAN NHÂN DÂN TỈNH BÌNH ĐỊNH|title=Hội nghị tổng kết công tác tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019|language=vi|publisher=[[UBND]] [[Bình Định]]|trans-title=Meeting on 2019 Population and Housing Census|date=2019-09-12|access-date=14 May 2020|archivedate=2019-12-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205170207/http://binhdinh.gov.vn/inetcloud/portal/main/page/news/chitiet.ivt?intl=vi&id=5dca7f5559541321937d98bd|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right" |245 | align="right" |31.9 | align="right" |0.742 | align="right" |3,089.10 | rowspan="8" |ឆ្នេរកណ្តាលខាងត្បូង |- |[[ខេត្តប៊ិញថ្វឹន]] |Tỉnh Bình Thuận |ហ្វានធៀត |Phan Thiết | align="right" |7,943.93 | align="right" |1,230,808 <ref name="binh_thuan_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=https://binhthuan.gov.vn/Default.aspx?sname=ubnd&sid=4&pageid=469&catid=37057&id=564285&catname=Tin-chinh-quyen&title=Binh-Thuan-hoan-thanh-100--cuoc-tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-nam-2019|website=Cổng thông tin đối ngoại tỉnh Bình Thuận|title=Bình Thuận hoàn thành 100% cuộc tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019|language=vi|publisher=[[UBND]] [[Bình Thuận Province|Bình Thuận]]|trans-title=Bình Thuận Completes 100% of 2019 Population and Housing Census|date=2019-10-26|access-date=14 May 2020}}{{Dead link|date=កញ្ញា 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="right" |155 | align="right" |38.1 | align="right" |0.732 | align="right" |3,090.17 |- |[[ខាញ់ហូ|ខេត្តខាញ់ហូ]] |Tỉnh Khánh Hòa |[[ញ៉ាត្រាង]] |Nha Trang | align="right" |5,137.79 | align="right" |1,231,107 <ref name="khanh_hoa_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=https://nhadautu.khanhhoa.gov.vn/vi/vi-gioi-thieu-tong-quan/khanh-hoa-tiem-nang-va-trien-vong-4060|website=Cổng thông tin đối ngoại tỉnh Khánh Hòa|title=Khánh Hòa tiềm năng và triển vọng|language=vi|trans-title=Khanh Hoa potential and prospects|date=2019-08-06|access-date=14 May 2020|archivedate=2020-11-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101005443/https://nhadautu.khanhhoa.gov.vn/vi/vi-gioi-thieu-tong-quan/khanh-hoa-tiem-nang-va-trien-vong-4060|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right" |240 | align="right" |42.2 | align="right" |0.752 | align="right" |4,180.68 |- |[[ខេត្តនិញថ្វឹន]] |Tỉnh Ninh Thuận |[[ផាន់រាំង - ថាប់ចាម]] (ប៉ាន់ឌូរ៉ាន់ហ្គា) |Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm | align="right" |3,355.34 | align="right" |590,467 <ref name="ninh_thuan_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=https://cucthongke.ninhthuan.gov.vn/CTK/1237/30486/40792/70082/Tin-hoat-dong/Ninh-Thuan-to-chuc-Hoi-nghi--Tong-ket-Tong-dieu-tra-Dan-so-va-nha-o-nam-2019-.aspx|website=CỤC THỐNG KÊ TỈNH NINH THUẬN|title=Ninh Thuận tổ chức Hội nghị "Tổng kết Tổng điều tra Dân số và nhà ở năm 2019"|language=vi|publisher=[[UBND]] [[Bình Định]]|trans-title=Ninh Thuận Organizes "Summary of 2019 Population and Housing Census"|date=2019-11-13|access-date=14 May 2020}}{{Dead link|date=មិថុនា 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="right" |176 | align="right" |35.8 | align="right" |0.695 | align="right" |2,402.34 |- |[[ខេត្តហ្វូអៀន]] |Tỉnh Phú Yên |[[ទ្វីហ្វា]] |Tuy Hòa | align="right" |5,023.42 | align="right" |872,964 <ref name="phu_yen_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=http://sonoivu.phuyen.gov.vn/wps/portal/home/trang-chu/chi-tiet/tin-tuc-su-kien/noi-bat/cuoc+tong+dieu+tra+dan+so+va+nha+o+nam+2019+thanh+cong+tot+dep|website=Ủy ban nhân dân tỉnh Phú Yên|title=Cuộc tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019 thành công tốt đẹp|language=vi|publisher=[[UBND]] [[Phú Yên]]|trans-title=2019 Population and Housing Census is a Success|date=2019-10-09|access-date=14 May 2020}}{{Dead link|date=មិថុនា 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="right" |174 | align="right" |28.7 | align="right" |0.728 | align="right" |2,541.80 |- |[[ខេត្តក្វាងណាម]] |Tỉnh Quảng Nam |[[តាមគី]] |Tam Kỳ | align="right" |10,574.74 | align="right" |1,495,812 <ref name="quang_nam_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=https://quangnam.gov.vn/CMSPages/BaiViet/Default.aspx?IDBaiViet=30894|website=Portal Quảng Nam|title=Hội nghị tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở tỉnh Quảng Nam năm 2019|language=vi|trans-title=Meeting on 2019 Population and Housing Census in Quang Nam Province|date=2019-10-24|access-date=14 May 2020|archivedate=2021-05-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512140912/https://quangnam.gov.vn/CMSPages/BaiViet/Default.aspx?IDBaiViet=30894|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right" |141 | align="right" |25.4 | align="right" |0.745 | align="right" |3,192.34 |- |[[ខេត្តក្វាងង៉ាយ]] |Tỉnh Quảng Ngãi |[[ក្វាងង៉ាយ]] |Quảng Ngãi | align="right" |5,155.78 | align="right" |1,231,697 <ref name="quang_ngai_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=http://baoquangngai.vn/channel/2022/201910/quang-ngai-tong-ket-cong-tac-tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-nam-2019-2969770/index.htm|website=Báo Quảng Ngãi|title=Quảng Ngãi tổng kết công tác Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019|language=vi|trans-title=Quảng Ngãi Summarizes the Work on 2019 Population and Housing Census|date=2019-10-21|access-date=14 May 2020|archivedate=2019-10-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028041042/http://www.baoquangngai.vn/channel/2022/201910/quang-ngai-tong-ket-cong-tac-tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-nam-2019-2969770/index.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right" |239 | align="right" |16.3 | align="right" |0.718 | align="right" |3,516.44 |- |[[ដាណាង]] |Thành phố Đà Nẵng |[[ស្រុកហាយចឺវ]] |Quận Hải Châu | align="right" |1,284.88 | align="right" |1,134,310 <ref name="da_nang_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=https://danang.gov.vn/chinh-quyen/chi-tiet?id=36469&_c=100000104|website=CỔNG THÔNG TIN ĐIỆN TỬ THÀNH PHỐ ĐÀ NẴNG|title=Công bố kết quả Tổng điều tra Dân số và nhà ở tại Đà Nẵng|language=vi|publisher=[[UBND]] [[Đà Nẵng]]|trans-title=Announcing the Results of Population and Housing Census in Da Nang|date=2019-09-12|access-date=14 May 2020|archivedate=2021-11-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111162417/https://danang.gov.vn/chinh-quyen/chi-tiet?id=36469&_c=100000104|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right" |883 | align="right" |87.2 | align="right" |0.803 | align="right" |4,811.58 |- |[[ខេត្តអូរកាប់|ខេត្តបាសៀ–វុងតាវ]] (ខេត្តអូរកាប់) |Tỉnh Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu |[[ក្រុងព្រះសួគ៌ា|បារៀ]] (ព្រះសួគ៌ា) |Thành phố Bà Rịa | align="right" |1,980.98 | align="right" |1,148,313 <ref name="vung_tau_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=http://baria-vungtau.gov.vn/sphere/baria/vungtau/page/xem-tin.cpx?item=5d2704281bd20b75b19da947|website=Cổng thông tin đối ngoại tỉnh Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu|title=Hội nghị trực tuyến toàn quốc công bố kết quả sơ bộ tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019|language=vi|trans-title=Meeting to Announce Preliminary Results of the 2019 Population and Housing Census|access-date=14 May 2020|date=2019-07-11}}</ref> | align="right" |580 | align="right" |58.4 | align="right" |0.901 | align="right" |36,786.39 | rowspan="6" |ភាគអាគ្នេយ៍ |- |[[ខេត្តប៊ិញសឿង]] |Tỉnh Bình Dương |[[ធូសឹវម៉ុត]] |Thành phố Thủ Dầu Một | align="right" |2,694.64 | align="right" |2,426,561 <ref name="binh_duong_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=https://www.binhduong.gov.vn/tin-tuc/2019/10/206-binh-duong-tong-ket-cong-tac-tong-dieu-tra-dan-dan-so-va-nha-nha-o-nam-201|website=www.binhduong.gov.vn|title=Bình Dương tổng kết công tác Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019|language=vi|publisher=[[UBND]] [[Bình Dương]]|trans-title=Bình Dương summarizes the work of the 2019 Population and Housing Census|access-date=14 May 2020|date=2019-10-11}}</ref> | align="right" |901 | align="right" |80 | align="right" |0.751 | align="right" |3,663.54 |- |[[ខេត្តប៊ិញហ្វឿក]] |Tỉnh Bình Phước |[[ដុងស្វាយ]] |Thành phố Đồng Xoài | align="right" |6,876.76 | align="right" |994,679 <ref name="binh_phuoc_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=https://www.kontum.gov.vn/pages/detail/33730/Tong-ket-Tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-nam-2019.html|website=Cổng thông tin đối ngoại tỉnh Bình Phưóc|title=Tổng quan về Bình Phước|language=vi|publisher=[[UBND]] [[Bình Phưóc]]|trans-title=Overview of Binh Phuoc|access-date=14 May 2020|archivedate=11 វិច្ឆិកា 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111160915/https://www.kontum.gov.vn/pages/detail/33730/Tong-ket-Tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-nam-2019.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right" |145 | align="right" |23.7 | align="right" |0.734 | align="right" |3,606.56 |- |[[ខេត្តដូនណៃ|ខេត្តដុងណាយ]] (ខេត្តដូនណៃ) |Tỉnh Đồng Nai |[[បៀនហ្វា]] (ចង្វា​ត្រពាំង) |Thành phố Biên Hòa | align="right" |5,863.60 | align="right" |3,097,107 <ref name="dong_nai_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=http://dlct.dongnai.gov.vn/bai-viet/ket-qua-so-bo-tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-nam-2019-n10346|website=CƠ SỞ DỮ LIỆU NGÀNH CÔNG THƯƠNG - ĐỒNG NAI|title=Kết quả sơ bộ Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019|language=vi|trans-title=Preliminary results of the 2019 Population and Housing Census|access-date=14 May 2020|archivedate=28 កញ្ញា 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928071100/http://dlct.dongnai.gov.vn/bai-viet/ket-qua-so-bo-tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-nam-2019-n10346|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right" |528 | align="right" |32.9 | align="right" |0.763 | align="right" |3,485.16 |- |[[ខេត្តរោងដំរី|ខេត្តតីនិញ]] (រោងដំរី) |Tỉnh Tây Ninh |[[តីនិញ]] |Thành phố Tây Ninh | align="right" |4,041.25 | align="right" |1,169,165 <ref name="tay_ninh_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=https://baotayninh.vn/tong-ket-cong-tac-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-nam-2019-a115402.html|website=Báo Tây Ninh|title=Tổng kết công tác điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019|language=vi|trans-title=Summary of 2019 Population and Housing Census|date=2019-10-18|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref> | align="right" |289 | align="right" |17.7 | align="right" |0.744 | align="right" |4,058.65 |- |[[ទីក្រុងព្រៃនគរ]] (ទីក្រុងហូជីមិញ) |Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh |[[ស្រុក១, ទីក្រុងព្រៃនគរ|ស្រុក 1]] |Quận 1 | align="right" |2,061.41 | align="right" |8,993,082 <ref name="tp_hcm_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=http://www.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/thongtinthanhpho/tintuc/Lists/Posts/Post.aspx?List=5eb16142%2Df62d%2D4d6e%2Da0c3%2D94b5fbf93d65&ID=62925&Web=47b63c10%2D8ed8%2D4592%2D97d8%2D1f436710fa9b|website=HCM CityWeb|publisher=[[UBND]] [[Ho Chi Minh city]]|title=TPHCM công bố kết quả sơ bộ "Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019"|language=vi|trans-title=Ho Chi Minh City Announces Preliminary Results of the 2019 Population and Housing Census|access-date=14 May 2020|date=2019-10-11|archivedate=2024-07-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240703184148/https://www.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/thongtinthanhpho/tintuc/Lists/Posts/Post.aspx?List=5eb16142-f62d-4d6e-a0c3-94b5fbf93d65&ID=62925&Web=47b63c10-8ed8-4592-97d8-1f436710fa9b|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right" |4,363 | align="right" |79.2 | align="right" |0.820 | align="right" |7,147.09 |- |[[ខេត្តមាត់ជ្រូក|ខេត្តអានសាង]] (មាត់ជ្រូក) |Tỉnh An Giang |[[ឡងស្វៀន]] |Thành phố Long Xuyên | align="right" |3,536.68 | align="right" |1,908,352 <ref name="an_giang_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=http://vpubnd.angiang.gov.vn/wps/portal/!ut/p/a1/vVVdc6owEP0tffCRyUISwEcuOoqtOtreucpLJ_KZVgJqYGp_fZPaV0M7dW5mmGHDOXvY5SxBMdqgWLCOF0zyWrC9jmP3-d4Oo2k4gQWsXIAVicL1GNt4EhEF2CoAXFkBmPhL9fjCvwKAGTbx_RH-4oeTYEq8B6VIfAei0Z_pyBvOASLXyF8Ts_7S_P6wIOgfilGcCNnIEm27pt2JdM93R3Y8D-ASnrjMBlBlopV1MwDJhWyTU_vKM6GishaF2iprJlN1m7SsY6LRuwMo62bH6qTkGlCq61W-lYf2zB2wh1q3YUWWZideiM8o4Sna0hSnQPPcYrmXWcQFx_Iz27MwsZ3c9Sj23WFP11VZpqpp31ejxq5NnqiZrwEmPsU9fPpN11zjO0Z98tjD1wIm18966teA3-hrwG9crwE9Uz_7BBimXgk4x3k4L7RJZWlxkddoc9amV35OWX0ZnJ7R7VOJjT7VPw9jIfo7GzM4PRJLz0Zb1Urveq889PjD2TQnDOxbJ3RunRDfOOEKbp3w5yXPvnEO8pfDIQ7UaVALmb1JtPmvx0FT_VWr8l_y-6_1QPddM16P88XCYjsfMG2696e8qp7np-DuAxwzCco!/dl5/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/pw/Z7_K1CIHCG0N0Q600Q4ICRE313GI7/ren/p=CTX=QCPvpubndlibraryQCPvpubndsiteQCPmenutopQCPtintucsukienQCPthongtinhoatdongcuavanphongQCPcongbokqdieutradansovanhao2019/=/|website=CƠ QUAN CHỦ QUẢN: VĂN PHÒNG ỦY BAN NHÂN DÂN TỈNH AN GIANG.|publisher=[[UBND]] [[An Giang]]|title=Công bố kết quả Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019|language=vi|trans-title=Announcing the results of the 2019 Population and Housing Census|date=2019-12-24|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref> | align="right" |540 | align="right" |31.6 | align="right" |0.730 | align="right" |3,791.46 | rowspan="13" |[[ដីសណ្តមេគង្គ]] |- |[[ខេត្តពលលាវ|ខេត្តបាកលៀវ]] (ពលលាវ) |Tỉnh Bạc Liêu |[[បាកលៀវ]] |Thành phố Bạc Liêu | align="right" |2,669.01 | align="right" |907,236 <ref name="bac_lieu_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=http://www.baobaclieu.vn/tin-tuc/tong-ket-cong-tac-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-nam-2019-61646.html|website=Báo Bạc Liêu|title=Tổng kết công tác điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019|language=vi|trans-title=Summary of the 2019 Population and Housing Census|publisher=[[Bạc Liêu]] Provincial Party Committee|date=2019-11-23|access-date=14 May 2020|archivedate=2019-11-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105225331/http://www.baobaclieu.vn/tin-tuc/tong-ket-cong-tac-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-nam-2019-61646.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right" |340 | align="right" |27.7 | align="right" |0.742 | align="right" |3,701.98 |- |[[ខេត្តកំពង់ឫស្សី|ខេត្តបេនជេ]] (កំពង់ឫស្សី) |Tỉnh Bến Tre |[[បេនជេ]] |Thành phố Bến Tre | align="right" |2,394.81 | align="right" |1,288,463 <ref name="ben_tre_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=http://baodongkhoi.vn/dan-so-viet-nam-dung-thu-3-trong-khu-vuc-dong-nam-a-11072019-a62112.html|publisher=[[Bến Tre]] Provincial Party Committee|website=Báo Đồng Khởi|title=Dân số Việt Nam đứng thứ 3 trong khu vực Đông Nam Á|language=vi|trans-title=Vietnam's population ranks 3rd in Southeast Asia|date=2019-07-11|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref> | align="right" |538 | align="right" |9.8 | align="right" |0.750 | align="right" |2,978.48 |- |[[ខេត្តទឹកខ្មៅ|ខេត្តកាម៉ាវ]] (ទឹកខ្មៅ) |Tỉnh Cà Mau |[[កាម៉ាវ]] |Thành phố Cà Mau | align="right" |5,221.19 | align="right" |1,194,476 <ref name="ca_mau_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=http://www.camau.gov.vn/wps/portal/?1dmy&page=trangchitiet&urile=wcm%3apath%3a%2Fcamaulibrary%2Fcamauofsite%2Ftrangchu%2Ftintucsukien%2Fthoisuchinhtri%2Fdfhyrt68689s|website=Cổng thông tin đối ngoại tỉnh Cà Mau|publisher=[[UBND]] [[Cà Mau]]|title=Dân số tỉnh Cà Mau có 1.194.476 người|language=vi|trans-title=Ca Mau province has a Population of 1,194,476 People|date=2019-07-17|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref> | align="right" |229 | align="right" |22.7 | align="right" |0.743 | align="right" |3,121.66 |- |[[ខេត្តផ្សារដែក|ខេត្តដុងថាប់]] (ផ្សារដែក) |Tỉnh Đồng Tháp |[[កាវឡាញ់]] |Thành phố Cao Lãnh | align="right" |3,383.85 | align="right" |1,599,504 <ref name="dong_thap_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=http://www.baodongthap.vn/xa-hoi/dong-thap-co-gan-1-6-trieu-nhan-khau-87025.aspx|website=Báo Đồng Tháp Online|title=Đồng Tháp có gần 1,6 triệu nhân khẩu|language=vi|trans-title=Dong Thap has nearly 1.6 million people|date=2019-10-04|access-date=14 May 2020|archivedate=2020-11-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123165349/http://baodongthap.vn/xa-hoi/dong-thap-co-gan-1-6-trieu-nhan-khau-87025.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right" |473 | align="right" |19.1 | align="right" |0.718 | align="right" |2,240.56 |- |[[ខេត្តផ្សំអំបើស|ខេត្តហឺវយ៉ាង]] |Tỉnh Hậu Giang |[[វិថាញ់]] |Thành phố Vị Thanh | align="right" |1,621.70 | align="right" |733,017 <ref name="hau_giang_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=http://www.baohaugiang.com.vn/thoi-su-trong-tinh/dan-so-toan-tinh-co-tren-733-000-nguoi-83548.html|website=Báo Hậu Giang|title=Dân số toàn tỉnh có trên 733.000 người|language=vi|trans-title=The population of the province is over 733,000|publisher=[[Hậu Giang]] Provincial Party Committee|date=2019-10-06|access-date=14 May 2020}}{{Dead link|date=កញ្ញា 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="right" |452 | align="right" |25.4 | align="right" |0.743 | align="right" |2,943.84 |- |[[ខេត្តក្រមួនស|ខេត្តគៀនយ៉ាង]] (ក្រមួនស) |Tỉnh Kiên Giang |[[រ៉ាក់យ៉ា]] |Thành phố Rạch Giá | align="right" |6,348.78 | align="right" |1,723,067 <ref name="kien_giang_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=http://dansokiengiang.gov.vn/tin-tuc/chi-tiet/kien-giang-som-thanh-lap-khoa-lao-khoa-giup-cham-soc-tot-hon-suc-khoe-cho-nguoi-cao-tuoi/1967|website=CHI CỤC DÂN SỐ-KẾ HOẠCH HÓA GIA ĐÌNH TỈNH KIÊN GIANG|title=Kiên Giang: Sớm thành lập Khoa Lão khoa giúp chăm sóc tốt hơn sức khỏe cho người cao tuổi|language=vi|trans-title=Kien Giang: Establishing the Department of Geriatrics to improve elderly healthcare|date=2019-11-12|access-date=14 May 2020|archivedate=2021-01-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119153841/http://dansokiengiang.gov.vn/tin-tuc/chi-tiet/kien-giang-som-thanh-lap-khoa-lao-khoa-giup-cham-soc-tot-hon-suc-khoe-cho-nguoi-cao-tuoi/1967|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right" |271 | align="right" |28.3 | align="right" |0.750 | align="right" |4,336.43 |- |[[ខេត្តកំពង់គោ|ខេត្តឡងអាន]] (កំពង់គោ) |Tỉnh Long An |[[តឹនអាន]] |Thành phố Tân An | align="right" |4,494.94 | align="right" |1,688,547 <ref name="long_an_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=http://baolongan.vn/tinh-den-0-gio-ngay-01-4-2019-tong-so-dan-cua-long-an-la-1-688-547-nguoi-a80290.html|website=Báo Long An|title=Tính đến 0 giờ ngày 01/4/2019: Tổng số dân của Long An là 1.688.547 người|language=vi|trans-title=At midnight 01/4/2019: The total population of Long An is 1,688,547 people|date=2019-08-09|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref> | align="right" |376 | align="right" |16.1 | align="right" |0.764 | align="right" |4,012.39 |- |[[ខេត្តឃ្លាំង|ខេត្តសុកត្រាង]] (ឃ្លាំង) |Tỉnh Sóc Trăng |[[ទីរួមខេត្តឃ្លាំង|សកត្រាង]] |Thành phố Sóc Trăng | align="right" |3,311.88 | align="right" |1,199,653 <ref name="soc_trang_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=https://soctrang.gov.vn/Default.aspx?sname=ubnd-stg&sid=4&pageid=469&catid=2258&id=297531&catname=Tin-tuc--su-kien&title=Hoi-nghi-tong-ket-Tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-nam-2019|website=Cổng thông tin điện tử tỉnh Sóc Trăng|publisher=[[UBND]] [[Sóc Trăng]]|title=Hội nghị tổng kết Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019|language=vi|trans-title=Meeting to Summarize 2019 Population and Housing Census|date=2019-10-09|access-date=14 May 2020}}{{Dead link|date=កញ្ញា 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="right" |362 | align="right" |32.4 | align="right" |0.715 | align="right" |2,835.46 |- |[[ខេត្តមេ-ស|ខេត្តទៀនយ៉ាង]] (ខេត្តមេ-ស |Tỉnh Tiền Giang |[[មីថរ]] |Mỹ Tho | align="right" |2,510.61 | align="right" |1,764,185 <ref name="tien_giang_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=http://baolongan.vn/tinh-den-0-gio-ngay-01-4-2019-tong-so-dan-cua-long-an-la-1-688-547-nguoi-a80290.html|website=Báo Long An|title=Dân số Tiền Giang năm 2019 là 1.764.185 người|language=vi|trans-title=Tien Giang's population in 2019 is 1,764,185 people.|date=2019-07-12|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref> | align="right" |703 | align="right" |14 | align="right" |0.770 | align="right" |3,781.77 |- |[[ខេត្តព្រះត្រពាំង|ខេត្តត្រាវិញ]]​ (ព្រះត្រពាំង) |Tỉnh Trà Vinh |[[ទី​រួម​ខេត្តព្រះត្រពាំង(ខេត្តព្រះត្រពាំង)|ត្រាវិញ]] |Thành phố Trà Vinh | align="right" |2,358.26 | align="right" |1,009,168 <ref name="tra_vinh_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=https://travinh.baohiemxahoi.gov.vn/tintuc/Pages/hoat-dong-bhxh-dia-phuong.aspx?CateID=52&ItemID=5786|publisher=BẢO HIỂM XÃ HỘI TỈNH TRÀ VINH|website=[[Trà Vinh]] Social Insurance Portal|title=Tổ chức triển khai thực hiện rà soát, xử lý dữ liệu trên phần mềm quản lý hộ gia đình|language=vi|trans-title=Implementing to review and process data on household management software|date=2019-09-26|access-date=14 May 2020}}{{Dead link|date=មិថុនា 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | align="right" |428 | align="right" |17.2 | align="right" |0.717 | align="right" |2,662.89 |- |[[ខេត្តលង់ហោរ|ខេត្តវិញឡង]] (លង់ហោរ) |Tỉnh Vĩnh Long |[[វិញឡង]] |Thành phố Vĩnh Long | align="right" |1,525.73 | align="right" |1,022,791 <ref name="vinh_long_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=http://www.baovinhlong.com.vn/thoi-su/201911/10-nam-quy-mo-dan-so-vinh-long-co-ban-on-dinh-2973927/|website=Báo Vĩnh Long|title=10 năm: quy mô dân số Vĩnh Long cơ bản ổn định|language=vi|publisher=[[Vĩnh Long]] Provincial Party Committee|trans-title=10 years: Vinh Long Population is Basically Stable|date=2019-11-14|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref> | align="right" |670 | align="right" |16.6 | align="right" |0.757 | align="right" |3,360.01 |- |[[ទីក្រុងព្រែកឫស្សី|ទីក្រុងកឹនថឺ]] (ព្រែកឫស្សី) |Thành phố Cần Thơ |ស្រុកនិញគៀវ |Quận Ninh Kiều | align="right" |1,438.96 | align="right" |1,235,171 <ref name="can_tho_census_2019_news">{{cite web|url=https://www.cantho.gov.vn/wps/portal/!ut/p/z1/vVTZjpswFP0V9yFPFvXCEpi3pMpMk0wgmqUZeIkc4gQ3g50hhmnn62ug0ixtNlUqQuJizrnm3HuPUYIeUCJZJdZMCyXZo3mPE2_u4_GAjBx6HU3IJe713XFIozGmE4JmDQDvuXoYJW_5vj80_K-XlIzCez-6pugbSlCSSr3VGYpTJnWmOlgLLtegElzXsdRluis3Zq2D26dUYsHMt0wJINeZAFoZ_IbrNlgKXgJdMLBkEuwUqBiQGQMKSJYDiklQ77lNxRLF3CF44afESlnKLSfwupbPXM8KAkIXPA1sgulvjQdEJKfU6JV_NTWAKe6Gwygk2Pb-jX9HTuN_7Ez_hvZtjK98fJyfNJB9GSL6V8D7MfgwCH_W4CCgFnnwH4yK2Mjs7tUx8NBtnWP2ZTKfDlHcJJS7-UHKvEGzNf_sucRzMEktSldmUByPWIuV41uMdLHHXc-17QDF7ulJC14JVe7q5Lfi5awNzhjd2lxlUXCpUayLktcLZSEeOYqf0_xiy3R20cHvfAdP8h2sfQdru0HjuzaofQeN76DxHdwpWDFofAcVNL6Dje-OtMhtW3SGvtGx2TUHmPj-9JT0TCGU1PyHRg__7ZjZ5ve5b_8UQlibm8EqDN2qvV_uVvms9-kXKqzEJA!!/dz/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/|website=CỔNG THÔNG TIN ĐIỆN TỬ THÀNH PHỐ CẦN THƠ|title=Hội nghị tổng kết Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019|language=vi|publisher=[[UBND]] [[Cần Thơ]]|trans-title=Meeting on Summary of the 2019 Population and Housing Census|date=2019-10-11|access-date=14 May 2020|archivedate=2021-01-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110044128/https://www.cantho.gov.vn/wps/portal/%21ut/p/z1/vVTZjpswFP0V9yFPFvXCEpi3pMpMk0wgmqUZeIkc4gQ3g50hhmnn62ug0ixtNlUqQuJizrnm3HuPUYIeUCJZJdZMCyXZo3mPE2_u4_GAjBx6HU3IJe713XFIozGmE4JmDQDvuXoYJW_5vj80_K-XlIzCez-6pugbSlCSSr3VGYpTJnWmOlgLLtegElzXsdRluis3Zq2D26dUYsHMt0wJINeZAFoZ_IbrNlgKXgJdMLBkEuwUqBiQGQMKSJYDiklQ77lNxRLF3CF44afESlnKLSfwupbPXM8KAkIXPA1sgulvjQdEJKfU6JV_NTWAKe6Gwygk2Pb-jX9HTuN_7Ez_hvZtjK98fJyfNJB9GSL6V8D7MfgwCH_W4CCgFnnwH4yK2Mjs7tUx8NBtnWP2ZTKfDlHcJJS7-UHKvEGzNf_sucRzMEktSldmUByPWIuV41uMdLHHXc-17QDF7ulJC14JVe7q5Lfi5awNzhjd2lxlUXCpUayLktcLZSEeOYqf0_xiy3R20cHvfAdP8h2sfQdru0HjuzaofQeN76DxHdwpWDFofAcVNL6Dje-OtMhtW3SGvtGx2TUHmPj-9JT0TCGU1PyHRg__7ZjZ5ve5b_8UQlibm8EqDN2qvV_uVvms9-kXKqzEJA%21%21/dz/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right" |858 | align="right" |69.7 | align="right" |0.788 | align="right" |6,260.52 |} == ឯកសារយោង == [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:ខេត្តរបស់ប្រទេសវៀតណាម]] <references /> 2hrx9jpbjkvdjd8yqiyfrlfepyd1o0t 0 52211 336902 336569 2026-06-23T13:23:53Z InternetArchiveBot 32568 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 336902 wikitext text/x-wiki = ប្រព័ន្ធបច្ចេកវិទ្យាព័ត៌មានសម្រាប់ការគ្រប់គ្រងហិរញ្ញវត្ថុសាធារណៈ ឬ FMIS = {{Short description|Government ministry of Cambodia}} {{Infobox government agency |nativename = {{native name|km|គម្រោងប្រព័ន្ធបច្ចេកវិទ្យាព័ត៌មានសម្រាប់ការគ្រប់គ្រងហិរញ្ញវត្ថុសាធារណៈ}} |agency_name = Financial Management Information System (FMIS) |seal = File:FMIS Logo.png|thumb|ឡូហ្គូរបស់ FMIS |seal_width = 150px |seal_caption = |formed = ២០១៤ |jurisdiction = {{flagdeco|Cambodia}} [[ស្ថាប័នរដ្ឋាភិបាលកម្ពុជា]] |headquarters = ទីស្តីការក្រសួងសេដ្ឋកិច្ចនិងហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ, [[ភ្នំពេញ]], កម្ពុជា |employees = ១៨០ រូប |budget = |deputyminister1_name = ឯកឧត្តមបណ្ឌិតសភាចារ្យ [[ហ៊ាន_សាហុីប|ហ៊ាន សាហ៊ីប]] |deputyminister1_pfo = |parent_agency = ក្រសួងសេដ្ឋកិច្ចនិងហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ |facebookpage = [https://www.facebook.com/fmis.khmer] |child2_agency = |website = [https://fmis.gov.kh/ https://fmis.gov.kh/] |footnotes = |minister1_name=ឯកឧត្តមអគ្គបណ្ឌិតសភាចារ្យ [[អូន ព័ន្ធមុនីរ័ត្ន]]}} [[ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា|ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា]]បានចាប់ផ្តើមធ្វើការកែទម្រង់ស្ទើគ្រប់វិស័យអាទិភាព ដើម្បីបង្កើន ពង្រីក និងពង្រឹងគុណភាពអប់រំ សុខមាលភាព គណនេយ្យភាព សង្គតិភាព សមភាព និងអភិបាលកិច្ចល្អ។ ក្នុងនោះរាជរដ្ឋាភិបាលកម្ពុជាបានដាក់ចេញជាកម្មវិធីកែទម្រង់រយៈពេលវែងជាច្រើនលើគ្រប់វិស័យ ជាពិសេសការដាក់ចេញនូវកម្មវិធីកែទម្រង់ពាក់ព័ន្ធនឹងការបង្កើនគុណភាពអភិបាលកិច្ច ឬការកែទម្រ់ងលើរចនាសម្ព័ន្ធ ឬនិយាយម្យ៉ាងទៀតថា ការកែទម្រង់ដែលមានលក្ខណៈជាប្រព័ន្ធ ដែលមានចំនួន ៥ សំខាន់ៗ គឺ ១.កម្មវិធីជាតិសម្រាប់ការអភិវឌ្ឍតាមបែបប្រជាធិបតេយ្យនៅថ្នាក់ក្រោមជាតិ, [https://www.pfm.gov.kh/ ២.កម្មវិធីកែទម្រង់ការគ្រប់គ្រងហិរញ្ញវត្ថុសាធារណៈ], ៣.កម្មវិធីជាតិកែទម្រង់រដ្ឋបាលសាធារណៈ, ៤.កម្មវិធីកំណែទម្រង់ច្បាប់ និង[https://www.naaa.gov.kh/userfiles/image/download/1709541507156.pdf ៥.កម្មវិធីកំណែទម្រង់ប្រព័ន្ធយុត្តិធម៌]។ [https://www.pfm.gov.kh/ កម្មវិធីកែទម្រង់ការគ្រប់គ្រងហិរញ្ញវត្ថុសាធារណៈ] ត្រូវបានចាប់ផ្តើមតាំងពីឆ្នាំ២០០៤ មក ដែលដឹកនាំដោយគណៈកម្មាធិការដឹកនាំការកែទម្រង់ការគ្រប់គ្រងហិរញ្ញវត្ថុសាធារណៈ មានរដ្ឋមន្ត្រីក្រសួងសេដ្ឋកិច្ចនិងហិរញ្ញវត្ថុជាប្រធាន។ កម្មវិធីកែទម្រង់នេះត្រូវបានកំណត់ជា ៤ ដំណាក់កាល តាំងពីការចាប់ផ្តើមដំបូង ពោលគឺត្រូវអនុវត្តរហូតដល់ឆ្នាំ២០២៥ ដើម្បីសម្រេចចក្ខុវិស័យប្រែក្លាយប្រព័ន្ធហិរញ្ញវត្ថុសាធារណៈកម្ពុជា ឆ្ពោះទៅកាន់ប្រព័ន្ធហិរញ្ញវត្ថុសាធារណៈ ផ្តោតលើលទ្ធផល ឬសមិទ្ធកម្ម និងវិមជ្ឈការ ស្របតាមស្តង់ដានិងឧត្តមានុវត្តន៍អន្តរជាតិ។ == សាវតារ FMIS == '''"ប្រព័ន្ធបច្ចេកវិទ្យាព័ត៌មានសម្រាប់ការគ្រប់គ្រងហិរញ្ញវត្ថុសាធារណៈ ហៅកាត់ថា [https://www.facebook.com/fmis.khmer/ FMIS]"''' បានចាប់បដិសន្ធិឡើងនៅដើមឆ្នាំ ២០១៤ ដែលស្ថិតនៅក្នុងដំណាក់កាលទី២ “ការបង្កើនគណនេយ្យភាពហិរញ្ញវ​ត្ថុ” ដោយផ្ដោត​ជាសំខាន់​លើការ​​រៀបចំ ការកែលម្អ ព្រមទាំង​ការពង្រឹង​ការកត់ត្រា និងការធ្វើរបាយការណ៍​គណនេ​យ្យ​និង​ហិរញ្ញវត្ថុឱ្យ​បានកាន់​តែត្រឹ​ម​ត្រូ​​វ ច្បាស់លាស់ សុក្រឹត និងទាន់ពេលវេលា នៃកម្មវិធីកែទម្រង់ការគ្រប់គ្រងហិរញ្ញវត្ថុសាធារណៈ របស់រាជរដ្ឋាភិបាលកម្ពុជា។<br> កាតព្វកិច្ចរបស់ FMIS គឺជួយពង្រឹងការគ្រប់គ្រងថវិកាជាតិ និងការគ្រប់គ្រងហិរញ្ញវត្ថុសាធារណៈប្រកបដោយគណនេយ្យភាព តម្លាភាព និងប្រសិទ្ធភាព ដូចជាការសម្រួលដល់នីតិវិធីនៃប្រតិបត្តិការហិរញ្ញវត្ថុឱ្យមានភាពប្រសើរឡើង ទូទាត់ជូនអ្នកផ្គត់ផ្គង់បានទាន់ពេលវេលា លើកកម្ពស់តម្លៃនៃការប្រើប្រាស់ថវិកាឱ្យអស់សក្តានុពល ផ្តល់ជូននូវព័ត៌មានហិរញ្ញវត្ថុគ្រប់គ្រាន់ និងទាន់ពេលវេលាសម្រាប់ការសម្រេចចិត្តរបស់ថ្នាក់ដឹកនាំនៅតាមវិស័យនីមួយៗ។ តាមរយៈនីតិវិធីអនុវត្តការងារទាំងស្រុងនៅក្នុងប្រព័ន្ធ, FMIS នឹងកាន់តែជួយពន្លឿននិងផ្តល់ភាពងាយស្រួលដល់មន្ត្រី ក្នុងការផ្តល់សេវាសាធារណៈជូនប្រជាពលរដ្ឋបានឆាប់រហ័ស និងទាន់ពេលវេលាបន្ថែមទៀត។ FMIS នឹងក្លាយជាឧបករណ៍ដ៏សំខាន់របស់រាជរដ្ឋាភិបាលកម្ពុជាសម្រាប់គ្រប់គ្រងព័ត៌មានចំណូលចំណាយប្រកបដោយប្រសិទ្ធភាពខ្ពស់ ដើម្បីប្រែក្លាយកម្ពុជាឈានទៅសម្រចបានជាប្រទេសដែលមានចំណូលមធ្យមកម្រិតខ្ពស់នៅឆ្នាំ ២០៣០ និងចំណូលកម្រិតខ្ពស់នៅឆ្នាំ ២០៥០។ [https://data.opendevelopmentcambodia.net/km/laws_record/law-on-public-financial-system/resource/50604479-5c39-43a9-b2a5-c7e70e72e251 យោងតាមច្បាប់ស្តីពីប្រព័ន្ធហិរញ្ញវត្ថុសាធារណៈ] ដែលរដ្ឋសភាបានអនុម័តកាលពីថ្ងៃទី ៨ ខែ កុម្ភៈ ឆ្នាំ ២០២៣ ក្នុងជំពូកទី២ មាត្រា១៣ បានចែងថា '''ការគ្រប់គ្រង ការរៀបចំ ការអនុវត្ត ការតាមដាន ការត្រួតពិនិត្យលើការអនុវត្តចំណូលនិងចំណាយថវិការដ្ឋ និងកិច្ចប្រតិបត្តិការហិរញ្ញវត្ថុនិងគណនេយ្យនៃថវិការដ្ឋ ព្រមទាំងការគ្រប់គ្រងទ្រព្យសម្បត្តិរដ្ឋ ត្រូវប្រើប្រាស់និងឆ្លុះបញ្ចាំងក្នុងប្រព័ន្ធបច្ចេកវិទ្យាព័ត៌មានសម្រាប់ការគ្រប់គ្រងហិរញ្ញវត្ថុសាធារណៈតែមួយគត់។''' FMIS ត្រូវបានទទួលស្គាល់ថា ជាឆ្អឹងខ្នងគន្លឹះពុំអាចខ្វះបានសម្រាប់គាំទ្រដល់កម្មវិធីកែទម្រង់ការគ្រប់គ្រងហិរញ្ញវត្ថុសាធារណៈនៅគ្រប់ដំណាក់កាល ក្នុងការគ្រប់គ្រង និងអនុវត្តប្រតិបត្តិការហិរញ្ញវត្ថុនៅតាមអង្គភាពថវិកា ដើម្បីតម្លាភាព គណនេយ្យភាព ប្រសិទ្ធភាព និងស័ក្តសិទ្ធភាព ក្នុងការគ្រប់គ្រងហិរញ្ញវត្ថុសាធារណៈនៅកម្ពុជា។ គោលបំណងនៃការអនុវត្តគម្រោង FMIS គឺដើម្បីធ្វើវិមជ្ឈការលើការប្រើប្រាស់ប្រព័ន្ធបច្ចេកវិទ្យាសម្រាប់ការគ្រប់គ្រងហិរញ្ញវត្ថុសាធារណៈនៅរដ្ឋបាលថ្នាក់ជាតិ និងរដ្ឋបាលថ្នាក់ក្រោមជាតិ ព្រមទាំងពន្លឿននីតិវិធីអនុវត្តប្រតិបត្តិការហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ ប្រកបដោយគណនេយ្យភាព តម្លាភាព និងប្រសិទ្ធភាពខ្ពស់។<br> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ ដំណាក់កាលនៃការអនុវត្តគម្រោង FMIS<br><br> |- ! កម្មវិធីកែទម្រង់ការគ្រប់គ្រងហិរញ្ញវត្ថុសាធារណៈ !! ឈ្មោះដំណាក់កាល !! ជំហាននៃការអនុវត្តគម្រោង FMIS !! ឆ្នាំចាប់ផ្តើម !! ឆ្នាំបញ្ចប់ |- | ដំណាក់កាលទី១ ||ភាពជឿទុកចិត្តបាននៃថវិកា || || || |- | ដំណាក់កាលទី២ ||ការបង្កើនគណនេយ្យភាពហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ || ជំហានទី១ ||២០១៤ || ២០១៦ |- | ដំណាក់កាលទី៣ || ការផ្សារភ្ជាប់ថវិកាទៅនឹងគោលនយោបាយ || ជំហានទី២ ||២០១៧ || ២០២០ |- | ដំណាក់កាលទី៤ || គណនេយ្យភាពសមិទ្ធកម្ម || ជំហានទី៣ ||២០២១ || ២០២៥ |- | ដំណាក់កាលទី៤ || គណនេយ្យភាពសមិទ្ធកម្ម || ជំហានទី៤ ||២០២៦ || ២០៣០ |}<br> ចាប់តាំងពីការអនុវត្តជំហានទី១ រហូតមកដល់បច្ចុប្បន្ន, ការដ្ឋានដែលកំពុងប្រើប្រាស់ FMIS សរុបមានចំនួន ៣១១ការដ្ឋាន, មុខងារប្រព័ន្ធដែលកំពុងដំណើរការមានចំនួន ៨មុខងារ, សន្ធានកម្មជាមួយប្រព័ន្ធខាងក្រៅមានចំនួន ១៦ប្រព័ន្ធ, របាយការណ៍ផលិតចេញពីប្រព័ន្ធសរុបមានចំនួន ៧២របាយការណ៍ និងអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ប្រព័ន្ធសរុបមានចំនួន ៣.៧៩៨រូប។ ជាមួយគ្នានេះ, ការប្រើប្រាស់ FMIS បានក្លាយជាកម្លាំងចលនា ក្នុងការជួយជំរុញដល់ដំណើរការ នៃការកែទម្រង់ហិរញ្ញវត្ថុសាធារណៈនៅកម្ពុជា ឱ្យសម្រេចបានលទ្ធផលយ៉ាងល្អប្រសើរ។ == '''មុខងាររបស់ FMIS''' == === មុខងារស្នូល === បច្ចុប្បន្ននេះ FMIS បានធ្វើដំណើរមកដល់ជំហានទី៣ (២០២១-២០២៥) ដោយពង្រីកវិសាលភាពក្នុងការប្រើប្រាស់នៅស្ទើតែគ្រប់អង្គភាពអនុវត្តហិរញ្ញវត្ថុទូទាំងប្រទេសកម្ពុជា។ ប្រព័ន្ធទំនើបកម្មនេះ មានមុខងារចំនួន ៨ រួមមាន៖ [https://fmis.gov.kh/budget-planning មុខងាររៀបចំផែនការថវិកា] (Budget Planning), [https://fmis.gov.kh/budget-allocation មុខងារវិភាជន៍ថវិកា] (Budget Allocation), [https://fmis.gov.kh/account-receivable មុខងារគណនីត្រូវទារ] (Accounts Receivable), [https://fmis.gov.kh/purchasing មុខងារការទិញ] (Purchasing), [https://fmis.gov.kh/full-procurement មុខងារលទ្ធកម្មពេញលេញ] (Full Procurement), [https://fmis.gov.kh/account-payable មុខងារគណនីត្រូវសង] (Accounts Payable), [https://fmis.gov.kh/cash-management មុខងារគ្រប់គ្រងសាច់ប្រាក់] (Cash Management), និង[https://fmis.gov.kh/general-ledger មុខងារសៀវភៅធំ] (General Ledger)។<br> === មុខងារផ្សេងៗ === ក្រៅពីមុខងារស្នូលដែលអនុវត្តនៅតាមក្រសួង-ស្ថាប័ន, FMIS ក៏មានមុខងារបន្ថែមផ្សេងទៀត ដែលជួយគាំទ្រលើការប្រើប្រាស់ប្រព័ន្ធផងដែរ ក្នុងនោះរួមមាន៖ '''របាយការណ៍ហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ ([https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/what-is-financial-reporting Financial Report]), មុខងារផ្ទេរសិទ្ធិនិងទទួលសិទ្ធិអនុម័តប្រតិបត្តិការ (Delegation), កម្មវិធីតាមដានស្ថានភាពប្រតិបត្តិការ (FMIS Transaction Monitoring), កម្មវិធីត្រួតពិនិត្យការអនុវត្តថវិកា (FMIS Performance Monitoring), មុខងារជូនដំណឹង (Notification), និងមុខងារផ្ទេរសាច់ប្រាក់តាមអេឡិចត្រូនិច ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic%20funds%20transfer EFT])។''' === FMIS Portal ជំនាន់ទី១ === [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.itd.fmisportal&hl=en FMIS Portal ជំនាន់ទី១] ត្រូវបានរៀបចំដោយលេខាធិការដ្ឋានក្រុមការងារគ្រប់គ្រងគម្រោង FMIS គឺដើម្បីបង្កើនភាពងាយស្រួលជូនទៅដល់មន្ត្រីទទួលបន្ទុកហិរញ្ញវត្ថុនៅរដ្ឋបាលថ្នាក់ក្រោមជាតិ ដែលមានទីតាំងនៅឆ្ងាយពីរតនាគារខេត្ត ដូចជា រដ្ឋបាលឃុំ និងរដ្ឋបាលស្រុកនៅតាមបណ្តាខេត្តនានា នៅក្នុងព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា ក្នុងការទំនាក់ទំនង និងបញ្ជូនឯកសារទៅវិញទៅមក មានភាពងាយស្រួលនិងទាន់ពេលវេលាក្នុងការអនុវត្តចំណូលនិងចំណាយជាដើម។<br> បច្ចុប្បន្ន រដ្ឋបាលថ្នាក់ក្រោមជាតិទូទាំងប្រទេស មានចំនួន ១,៨៧០ការដ្ឋាន ដែលមានរដ្ឋបាលក្រុងចំនួន ៣១ រដ្ឋបាលស្រុក ចំនួន ១៦៣ រដ្ឋបាលឃុំចំនួន ១,៤១៦ និងរដ្ឋបាលសង្កាត់ចំនួន ២៦០ កំពុងប្រើប្រាស់ FMIS Portal ជំនាន់ទី១ ហើយអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់សរុបមានចំនួន ៣,៣៧២រូប ដើម្បីសម្រួលដល់ការអនុវត្តការងារហិរញ្ញវត្ថុប្រចាំថ្ងៃ។<br> FMIS Portal ជំនាន់ទី១ ត្រូវបានប្រកាសដាក់ឱ្យប្រើប្រាស់នៅគ្រប់រដ្ឋបាលថ្នាក់ក្រោមជាតិ ក្រោមអធិបតីភាព '''ឯកឧត្តមអគ្គបណ្ឌិតសភាចារ្យ អូន ព័ន្ធមុនីរ័ត្ន ឧបនាយករដ្ឋមន្ត្រី រដ្ឋមន្ត្រីក្រសួងសេដ្ឋកិច្ចនិងហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ'''។ === កម្មវិធីកញ្ចក់ថវិកាតាមទូរសព្ទដៃជំនាន់ទី១ (Budget Mirror Mobile Application Version 1) === '''[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.fmwg.budgetmirror&hl=en កម្មវិធីកញ្ចក់ថវិកា]''' គឺជាកម្មវិធីរបាយការណ៍ឌីជីថលឆ្លាតវៃ ដែលនឹងក្លាយជាថ្នាលប្រមូលផ្តុំនូវទិន្នន័យឌីជីថលច្រើនប្រភេទទាំងទិន្នន័យហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ និងមិនមែនហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ ហើយបំប្លែងទិន្នន័យ ( Data Transforming) ជាទម្រង់ព័ត៌មានដែលអាចអានបាន, យល់បាន និងប្រើប្រាស់បាន សម្រាប់តាមដាន និង គ្រប់គ្រងការអនុវត្តហិរញ្ញវត្ថុសាធារណៈ ព្រមទាំងជួយដល់ការសម្រេចចិត្តជាយុទ្ធសាស្ត្រក្នុងធុរកិច្ចរបស់ស្ថាប័ន និងរាជរដ្ឋាភិបាល។ ===== អត្ថប្រយោជន៍ចម្បងៗ៖ ===== * បង្ហាញទិន្នន័យជាការវិភាគតាមទូរសព្ទដៃ * បង្ហាញទិន្នន័យតាមចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ថវិកាសំខាន់ៗ * ផែនការថវិកា, ធានាចំណាយ, ចំណាយអនុវត្ត, សមតុល្យ * ការប្រៀបធៀបចំណាយ-ចំណូលត្រីមាស, ឆមាស និងប្រចាំឆ្នាំ<br> === កម្មវិធីចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ថវិកា (FMIS Classification) === [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.fmwg.fmisclassificationprod&hl=en ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ថវិកាក្នុង FMIS] ត្រូវបានរចនាឡើង ក្នុងគោលបំណងដើម្បីជួយដល់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ក្នុងការរុករក និងយល់ដឹងអំពីរចនាសម្ព័ន្ធនិងគោលបំណងនៃប្រព័ន្ធបច្ចេកវិទ្យាព័ត៌មានសម្រាប់ការគ្រប់គ្រងហិរញ្ញវត្ថុសាធារណៈ (FMIS) ដោយងាយស្រួល។ ជាទូទៅ ម៉ូឌុលចំណាត់ថ្នាក់នីមួយៗរួមមាន៖ លេខកូដសម្គាល់ ឈ្មោះ និងការពណ៌នាខ្លី ដែលផ្តល់ឱ្យអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់នូវព័ត៌មានច្បាស់លាស់ និងងាយស្រួលប្រើប្រាស់។ '''ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ទាំងនេះរួមមាន៖''' * ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់សេដ្ឋកិច្ច * ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ភូមិសាស្ត្រ * ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់រដ្ឋបាល * ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់កម្មវិធី * ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់មូលនិធិ * ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់គម្រោង * ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់មុខងារ === អ៊ីនត្រាណិត (Intranet) === ក្រោមគំនិតផ្តួចផ្តើមប្រកបដោយចក្ខុវិស័យវែងឆ្ងាយរបស់ '''ឯកឧត្តមអគ្គបណ្ឌិតសភាចារ្យ អូន ព័ន្ធមុនីរ័ត្ន''' ឧបនាយករដ្ឋមន្រ្តី រដ្ឋមន្រ្តីក្រសួងសេដ្ឋកិច្ចនិងហិរញវត្ថុ និងការដឹកនាំដោយផ្ទាល់របស់ '''ឯកឧត្តមបណ្ឌិតសភាចារ្យ ហ៊ាន សាហ៊ីប''' រដ្ឋលេខាធិការ, គម្រាងស្ថាបនាអ៊ីនត្រាណិត ត្រូវបានដាក់ឱ្យអនុវត្តចាប់ពីថ្ងៃទី១៥ ខែមីនា ឆ្នាំ២០១៩ ជាផ្លូវការនៅតាមអង្គភាពប្រើប្រាស់ក្រោមឱវាទក្រសួង-ស្ថាប័ន និងអង្គភាពពាក់ព័ន្ធនានាចំនួន ១៧៧ការដ្ឋាន ដើម្បីបំពេញតម្រូវការជាក់ស្តែង រួមមាន ប្រព័ន្ធបច្ចេកវិទ្យាព័ត៌មានសម្រាប់ការគ្រប់គ្រងហិរញ្ញវត្ថុសាធារណៈ, ប្រព័ន្ធកៀរគរចំណូលពន្ធគយ និងប្រព័ន្ធកៀរគរចំណូលពន្ធដារ ជាដើម។ គម្រោងនេះ នឹងបន្តពង្រីកវិសាលភាព និងសេវានានាបន្ថែមទៀតរបស់ក្រសួងសេដ្ឋកិច្ចនិងហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ ជូនដល់ស្ថាប័នទទួលសេវាជាមូលដ្ឋាន និងក្រសួង-ស្ថាប័នជាដៃគូ រួមទាំងប្រជាពលរដ្ឋ។ === FMIS Portal ជំនាន់ថ្មី === FMIS Portal ជំនាន់ថ្មី គឺជាប្រព័ន្ធទំនើបកម្ម ដែលប្រើប្រាស់សម្រាប់សម្រួល និងបន្ថែមភាពងាយស្រួលដល់ដំណើរការប្រតិបត្តិការហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ តាមរយៈការកាត់បន្ថយនូវផ្ទាំងបំពេញព័ត៌មាន និងកាត់បន្ថយភាពស្មុគស្មាញនៃប្រតិបត្តិការ ដោយប្រើប្រាស់ប្រព័ន្ធអ៊ីនធឺណេត (Internet) បានដោយផ្ទាល់លើទូរសព្ទដៃ, ថេប្លេត (tablet) និងកុំព្យូទ័រយួរដៃ ជាដើម។ FMIS Portal ជំនាន់ថ្មី ត្រូវបានរៀបចំឡើង ក្នុងគោលបំណងជម្រុញប្រសិទ្ធភាពនៃការប្រើប្រាស់ FMIS សម្រាប់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ នៅតាមបណ្តារដ្ឋបាលក្រុង ស្រុក និងខណ្ឌ ក្នុងការចុះប្រតិបត្តិការហិរញ្ញវត្ថុជាច្រើន រួមមាន៖ ប្រតិបត្តិការស្នើសុំធានាចំណាយ ប្រតិបត្តិការការអនុវត្តកិច្ចលទ្ធកម្ម ប្រតិបត្តិការទូទាត់ចំណាយ និងការទាញយករបាយការណ៍ផ្សេងៗ តាមរយៈ ប្រព័ន្ធអ៊ីនធឺណេត (Internet) ដោយផ្ទាល់លើទូរសព្ទដៃ, ថេប្លេត (tablet) និងកុំព្យូទ័រយួរដៃ។ អត្ថប្រយោជន៍នៃការប្រើប្រាស់ FMIS Portal ជំនាន់ថ្មី៖ * បន្ថែមភាពងាយស្រួលនៅក្នុងការចុះប្រតិបត្តិការប្រចាំថ្ងៃ * ជំរុញប្រសិទ្ធភាពការងារ * អាចប្រើប្រាស់ប្រព័ន្ធអ៊ីនធឺណេត (Internet) បាន * កាត់បន្ថយពេលវេលាក្នុងការចុះប្រតិបត្តិការប្រចាំថ្ងៃ * កាត់បន្ថយនូវផ្ទាំងបំពេញព័ត៌មាននៃប្រតិបត្តិការហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ * កាត់បន្ថយភាពស្មុគស្មាញក្នុងការបញ្ចូលព័ត៌មាននៃប្រតិបត្តិការហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ។<br> === កម្មវិធីអនុម័ត FMIS === [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.fmwg.fmisapproval&hl=en កម្មវិធីអនុម័ត FMIS] គឺជាកម្មវិធីដែលមានសមត្ថភាពខ្ពស់ក្នុងការបង្កើនប្រសិទ្ធភាព និងតម្លាភាពលើដំណើរការធ្វើសេចក្តីសម្រេចចិត្តផ្នែកហិរញ្ញវត្ថុសាធារណៈ ==== អត្ថប្រយោជន៍ ==== * អនុម័តបានលឿន ទោះនៅក្រៅការិយាល័យ * កាត់បន្ថយការប្រើឯកសារក្រដាស * តាមដានស្ថានភាពអនុម័តបានច្បាស់ * បង្កើនភាពតម្លាភាព និងទំនួលខុសត្រូវ<br> === កម្មវិធីប្រតិទិន FMIS === [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.fmwg.fmiscalendar&hl=en FMIS-Calendar (ប្រតិទិន អេហ្វអឹមអាយអេស]) ត្រូវបានអភិវឌ្ឍដោយក្រុមការងារ FMIS ក្នុងគោលបំណងបំពេញនូវតម្រូវការប្រចាំថ្ងៃរបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ ដោយអាចតាមដាន កំណត់ចំណាំលើកាលបរិច្ឆេទសម្រាប់បំពេញកិច្ចការងារ និងកាលបរិច្ឆេទផ្សេងៗរួមមាន បុណ្យជាតិ ព្រឹត្តិការណ៍ ឬថ្ងៃសំខាន់ផ្ទាល់ខ្លួន។ កម្មវិធីនេះ ត្រូវរចនាឡើងជាលក្ខណៈទម្រង់អេឡិចត្រូនិកបែបទំនើបកម្ម ដោយរួមបញ្ចូលននូវព័ត៌មាន និងថ្ងៃល្អនិងថ្ងៃមិនល្អ តាមបែបហុងស៊ុយស្របតាមជំនឿ ដែលសម្រួលដល់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ក្នុងការចងចាំ និងពិសេសទទួលព័ត៍មានពីថ្ងៃសំខាន់ៗ និងព្រឹត្តិការណ៍ពិសេសៗអំពីគម្រោង FMIS តាមរយៈសារជូនដំណឹង។ កម្មវិធីនេះអាចប្រើប្រាស់បានសម្រាប់ប្រតិបត្តិការ iOS, Android ដោយអាច ប្រើប្រាស់បានតាមរយៈទូរសព្ទចល័ត កុំព្យូទ័រ និង ឧបករណ៍បច្ចេកវិទ្យាផ្សេងៗ បានដោយឥតគិតថ្លៃ។<br> ==== អត្ថប្រយោជន៍របស់ប្រតិទិន មានដូចជា ==== * បង្ហាញកាលបរិច្ឆេទសំខាន់ៗនៃដំណើរការ FMIS * រចនាតាមបែបទំនើបកម្ម និង ហុងស៊ុយតាមជំនឿ * ជួយរៀបចំផែនការងារបានប្រសើរជាងមុន === កម្មវិធីកញ្ចក់ថវិកាជំនាន់ថ្មី === === ប្រព័ន្ធជំនួយគាំទ្រ (PK Bot) === [https://fmis.gov.kh/pkthehelper ប្រព័ន្ធជំនួយគាំទ្រ FMIS Help-Desk] គឺជាមជ្ឈមណ្ឌលរួមមួសម្រាប់ទទួល ចាត់ចែង និងគ្រប់គ្រងរាល់បញ្ហា សំណើ និងសំណូមពររបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ប្រាស់ FMIS និងដោះស្រាយស្របតាមប្រភេទ កម្រិត និងស្ថានភាព នៃបញ្ហាដោយធានាថា ការដោះស្រាយប្រកបដោយប្រសិទ្ធភាព មានតម្លាភព និងការទទួលខុសត្រូវខ្ពស់។<br> ប្រព័ន្ធជំនួយគាំទ្រ ជា Web Application ដែលបង្កើតឡើងក្នុងគោលបំណងគាំទ្រអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់នៅតាមការដ្ឋាន FMIS ដែលជួយបបញ្ហាប្រឈមផ្សេងៗ ទាក់ទងនឹងការប្រើប្រាស់ FMIS ការស្នើសុំ ឬសំណូមពរផ្សេងៗ មកកាន់ក្រុមការងារដើម្បីដោះស្រាយ។ ក្រុមការងារ បានរៀបចំឡើងដោយមានតំណរភ្ជាប់ជាមួយកម្មវិធីតេលេក្រាម ក្នុងការបង្កើតសំបុត្រ ក្នុងប្រព័ន្ធជំនួយគាំទ្រ។<br> ==== អត្ថប្រយោជន៍សម្រាប់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ មានដូចជា ==== * អាចដាក់សំណើ ឬរាយការណ៍បញ្ហាបានភ្លាមៗ នៅពេលត្រូវការជំនួយដោះស្រាយ * ទទួលបានការឆ្លើយតបទាន់ពេលវេលា * មានការកំណត់ពេលវេលាច្បាស់លាស់ពីរយៈពេលដោះស្រាយ * អាចតាមដានស្ថានភាពសំបុត្រសំណើដែលបានស្នើ * មានប្រវត្តិក្នុងការស្នើសុំច្បាស់លាស់ * មិនពិបាកក្នុងការស្វែងរកព័ត៌មានសំណើ ឬមិនបាត់សំណើ * មានការចុះកំណត់ត្រា និងការឆ្លើយតបជាផ្លូវការ (ចំពោះសំណើជាលិខិត) * បង្កើនភាពងាយស្រួលក្នុងការប្រើប្រាស់ ដោយអាចប្រើប្រាស់បានគ្រប់ប្រភេទ Devices តាមរយៈ Web application នៅគ្រប់ទីកន្លែង និងអាចប្រើប្រាស់បាននៅពេលកំពុងប្រើប្រាស់ FMIS ព្រមទាំងពេលភ្ជាប់អ៊ីនធឺណិត។ == អង្គភាពអនុវត្តគម្រោង FMIS == ==== ១. ក្រសួង-ស្ថាប័ន ==== គិតត្រឹមឆ្នាំ ២០២៥ នេះ មាន[https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/km/topics/ministries-and-national-bodies/ ក្រសួង-ស្ថាប័នចំនួន ៣៧] បាននិងកំពុងចូលរួមអនុវត្តគម្រោង FMIS ស្ថិតនៅក្នុងជំហានទី៣ (២០២១-២០២៥)។ FMIS ត្រូវបានដាក់ឱ្យអនុវត្តជាជំហានៗ ទៅតាមការដ្ឋាន ដោយផ្អែកទៅលើចំនួនមន្ត្រីទទួលបន្ទុកហិរញ្ញវត្ថុរបស់ក្រសួង-ស្ថាប័នសាម៉ី ដែលក្នុងនោះរួមមាន៖ អ្នកទទួលបន្ទុកបញ្ចូលប្រតិបត្តិការ អ្នកត្រួតពិនិត្យប្រតិបត្តិការ អ្នកត្រួតពិនិត្យជំនួស អ្នកអនុម័ត អ្នកអនុម័តជំនួស តាមមុខងាររៀងៗខ្លួន។<br> ក្រសួង-ស្ថាប័នខាងលើ បានចូលរួមអនុវត្តនីតិវិធីការងារតាម FMIS លើមុខងារស្នូល ដូចជា៖ មុខងារគណនីត្រូវសង (Accounts Payable), មុខងារគណនីត្រូវទារ (Accounts Receivable), មុខងារការទិញ (Purchasing), មុខងារលទ្ធកម្មពេញលេញ (Procurement), មុខងារវិភាជន៍ថវិកា (Budget Allocation), មុខងាររៀបចំផែនការថវិកា (Budget Planning), របាយការណ៍ (Report), មុខងារផ្ទេរសិទ្ធិ និងទទួលសិទ្ធិអនុម័តប្រតិបត្តិការ (Delegation)។<br> ==== ២. រដ្ឋបាលរាជធានី-ខេត្ត ==== រដ្ឋបាលរាជធានី-ខេត្តទាំង ២៥ បានចូលរួមអនុវត្តនីតិវិធីការងារប្រតិបត្តិការហិរញ្ញវត្ថុតាម FMIS ចាប់តាំងពីឆ្នាំ២០២២ ដែលមានមុខងារចំនួន ៤ ក្នុងនោះរួមមាន៖ មុខងារវិភាជន៍ថវិកា (Budget Allocation), មុខងារគណនីត្រូវសង (Accounts Payable), មុខងារគណនីត្រូវទារ (Accounts Receivable) និងមុខងារការទិញ (Purchase Order)។<br> ==== ៣. មន្ទីរសេដ្ឋកិច្ចនិងហិរញ្ញវត្ថុរាជធានី-ខេត្ត ==== [https://www.mefshv.gov.kh/171-%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A_%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%9C. មន្ទីរសេដ្ឋកិច្ចនិងហិរញ្ញវត្ថុរាជធានី-ខេត្តទាំង ២៥] បានចូលរួមអនុវត្តប្រតិបត្តិការហិរញ្ញវត្ថុតាម FMIS ចាប់តាំងពីឆ្នាំ ២០១៩ មក ហើយត្រូវបានបន្តដាក់ឱ្យអនុវត្តនូវមុខងារចំនួន៥ ក្នុងនោះរួមមាន មុខងារគណនីត្រូវសង (Accounts Payable), មុខងារសៀវភៅធំ (General Ledger), មុខងារគ្រប់គ្រងសាច់ប្រាក់ (Cash Management), មុខងារការទិញ (Purchase Order), និងមុខងារវិភាជន៍ថវិកា (Budget Allocation)។<br> ==== ៤. គ្រឹះស្ថានសាធារណៈរដ្ឋបាល ==== បច្ចុប្បន្ននេះ គ្រឹះស្ថានសាធារណៈរដ្ឋបាលចំនួន ៩ បានចូលរួមអនុវត្តប្រតិបត្តិការហិរញ្ញវត្ថុតាម FMIS ក្នុងនោះគ្រឹះស្ថានសាធារណៈរដ្ឋបាលចំនួន ៤ បានចាប់ផ្តើមអនុវត្តនៅឆ្នាំ២០២៣ រួមមាន៖ [https://tsc.gov.kh/ មជ្ឈមណ្ឌលបណ្តុះធុរកិច្ចថ្មីតេជោ], [https://www.facebook.com/itckh/?locale=km%20KH វិទ្យាស្ថានបច្ចេកវិទ្យាកម្ពុជា], [https://www.facebook.com/rac.gov.kh/ រាជ្យបណ្ឌិតសភាកម្ពុជា] និង[https://www.facebook.com/p/CARDI-%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%90%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9C-%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%84%E1%9 វិទ្យាស្ថានស្រាវជ្រាវ និងអភិវឌ្ឍន៍កសិកម្មកម្ពុជា]។ គ្រឹះស្ថានសាធារណៈរដ្ឋបាលចំនួន ៥ បន្ថែមថ្មី បានចាប់ផ្តើមអនុវត្តនៅឆ្នាំ២០២៥ រួមមាន៖ ១. [https://www.rua.edu.kh/ សាកលវិទ្យាល័យភូមិន្ទកសិកម្ម], ២. [https://ddprule.org/km/ សាកលវិទ្យាល័យភូមិន្ទនីតិសាស្រ្តនិងវិទ្យាសាស្ត្រសេដ្ឋកិច្ច], ៣. [[សាកលវិទ្យាល័យវិទ្យាសាស្ត្រសុខាភិបាល|សាកលវិទ្យាល័យវិទ្យាសាស្រ្តសុខាភិបាល]], ៤. [https://nubb.edu.kh/ សាកលវិទ្យាល័យជាតិបាត់ដំបង] និង៥. [https://mef.gov.kh/efi/ វិទ្យាស្ថានសេដ្ឋកិច្ចនិងហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ] ។ គ្រឹះស្ថានសាធារណៈរដ្ឋបាលទាំង ៩ នេះ ត្រូវអនុវត្តមុខងារចម្បងចំនួន ៦ រួមមាន៖ មុខងារគណនីត្រូវសង (Accounts Payable), មុខងារគណនីត្រូវទារ (Accounts Receivable), មុខងារសៀវភៅធំ (General Ledger), មុខងារគ្រប់គ្រងសាច់ប្រាក់ (Cash Management), មុខងារការទិញ (Purchasing), មុខងារវិភាជន៍ថវិកា (Budget Allocation), របាយការណ៍ (Report), មុខងារផ្ទេរសិទ្ធិ និងទទួលសិទ្ធិអនុម័តប្រតិបត្តិការ (Delegation)។<br> ==== ៥. រដ្ឋបាលក្រុង-ស្រុក-ខណ្ឌ ==== រដ្ឋបាលក្រុង-ស្រុក-ខណ្ឌចំនួន ៤៤ ត្រូវបានប្រកាសដាក់ឱ្យអនុវត្តគម្រោង FMIS នៅត្រីមាសទី១ ឆ្នាំ២០២៤ ក្រោមអធិបតីភាព [[ហ៊ុន_ម៉ាណែត|សម្តេចមហាបវរធិបតី ហ៊ុន ម៉ាណែត នាយករដ្ឋមន្ត្រី]] នៃព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា ក្នុងនោះមាន៖ រដ្ឋបាលក្រុងទាំង ២៨, រដ្ឋបាលស្រុកខ្សាច់កណ្តាល, រដ្ឋបាលស្រុកមុខកំពូល និងរដ្ឋបាលខណ្ឌទាំង ១៤ នៅរាជធានីភ្នំពេញ។ រដ្ឋបាលក្រុង-ស្រុក-ខណ្ឌទាំង ៤៤ នេះ ត្រូវអនុវត្តមុខងារចម្បងចំនួន ៣ ដោយអនុវត្តនីតិវិធីការងារតាម FMIS ទាំងស្រុង មានដូចជា មុខងារគណនីត្រូវសង (Accounts Payable), មុខងារការទិញ (Purchasing), និងមុខងារវិភាជន៍ថវិកា (Budget Allocation)។<br> នៅក្នុងត្រីមាសទី៤ ឆ្នាំ២០២៥ រដ្ឋបាលក្រុង-ស្រុកចំនួន ៥១ បន្ថែមថ្មី នឹងចូលរួមអនុវត្តនីតិវិធីចំណាយថវិកាចរន្តតាម FMIS ទាំងស្រុងតាមមុខសញ្ញាតាម FMIS Portal ជំនាន់ថ្មី មានដូចជា៖ '''នីតិវិធីស្នើសុំធានាចំណាយកិច្ចលទ្ធកម្ម, នីតិវិធីស្នើសុំធានាចំណាយមិនមែនកិច្ចលទ្ធកម្ម និងគ្រប់មុខសញ្ញាអាណត្តិទូទាត់''' នៅរដ្ឋបាលក្រុងចំនួន ៥ និងរដ្ឋបាលស្រុកចំនួន ៤៦ នៃខេត្តចំនួន ៦ រួមមាន៖ ១. រដ្ឋបាលខេត្តកណ្តាល៖ ក្រុងចំនួន ២ និងស្រុកចំនួន ៨, ២. រដ្ឋបាលខេត្តកំពង់ស្ពឺ៖ ក្រុងចំនួន ១ និងស្រុកចំនួន ៧, ៣. រដ្ឋបាលខេត្តសៀមរាប៖ ក្រុងចំនួន ១ និងស្រុកចំនួន ១១, ៤. រដ្ឋបាលខេត្តព្រះសីហនុ៖ ក្រុងចំនួន ១, ៥. រដ្ឋបាលខេត្តព្រៃវែង៖ ស្រុកចំនួន ១២ និង៦. រដ្ឋបាលខេត្តកំពង់ធំ៖ ស្រុកចំនួន ៨។<br> ==== ៦. រតនាគាររាជធានី-ខេត្ត ==== [https://www.facebook.com/fmis.khmer/posts/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%92%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9A-%E1%9 រតនាគាររាជធានី-ខេត្តទាំង ២៥] បានចូលរួមអនុវត្តទៅលើមុខងារចំនួន ៦ រួមមាន៖ មុខងារគណនីត្រូវសង (Accounts Payable), មុខងារគណនីត្រូវទារ (Accounts Receivable), មុខងារសៀវភៅធំ (General Ledger), មុខងារគ្រប់គ្រងសាច់ប្រាក់ (Cash Management), មុខងារការទិញ (Purchasing), និងមុខងារវិភាជន៍ថវិកា (Budget Allocation)។<br> ==== ៧. មន្ទីរអប់រំ យុវជន និងកីឡារាជធានី-ខេត្ត ==== [https://moeys.gov.kh/kh/organization-structure/ មន្ទីរអប់រំ យុវជន និងកីឡារាជធានី-ខេត្តទាំង ២៥] បានចាប់ផ្តើមអនុវត្តជាផ្លូវការ នៅដើមឆ្នាំ២០២៦ ដែលត្រូវផ្សារភ្ជាប់ជាមួយការអនុវត្តនីតិវិធីតាមប្រព័ន្ធទាំងស្រុង សម្រាប់នីតិវិធីចំណាយលើការបើកផ្តល់បៀវត្សនិងចំណាយលើបន្ទុកបុគ្គលិកផ្សេងៗ ដែលមានគោលរបបកំណត់ច្បាស់លាស់, នីតិវិធីចំណាយទូទាត់ត្រង់ដែលមានហានិភ័យកម្រិតទាប, នីតិវិធីចំណាយថវិកាចរន្ត, និងនីតិវិធីបង្កើតឬកែសម្រួលរជ្ជទេយ្យបុរេប្រទាននិងចលនាឥណទានថវិកាចរន្ត ដើម្បីសម្រួលដល់ការធ្វើប្រតិបត្តិការដែលបានអនុវត្តនៅក្រៅប្រព័ន្ធ និងមាននីតិវិធីស្មុគស្មាញជាមួយនឹងការប្រើប្រាស់ឯកសារក្រដាស។<br> ==== បណ្តាញទំនាក់ទំនងសង្គមនានា ==== <br> 1. គេហទំព័រផ្លូវការ ៖ https://fmis.gov.kh/ https://www.fmis.gov.kh/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250503043137/https://www.fmis.gov.kh/ |date=2025-05-03 }}<br> 2. បណ្តាញសង្គមហ្វេសប៊ុក ៖ https://www.facebook.com/fmis.khmer/<br> 3. តេលេក្រាម ៖ https://t.me/FMIS_CAMBODIANEWS<br> 4. យូធូប ៖ https://www.youtube.com/@FMISCambodia ==== ឯកសារយោង ==== <br> 1. [[:en:Aun Pornmoniroth|His Excellency Dr. Aun Pornmoniroth]], Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economy and Finance and the Leading Sponsor of FMIS<br> 2. [[:en:Hean Sahib|His Excellency Dr. Hean Sahib]], Secretary of State of the Ministry of Economy and Finance and Chairman of the FMIS Working Group<br> 3. [https://www.coj.gov.kh/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/0323-001.pdf ច្បាប់ស្តីពីការគ្រប់គ្រងហិរញ្ញវត្ថុសាធារណៈឆ្នាំ ២០២៣]<br> 4. [https://pfm.gov.kh/document/publication/2022-12-08/Vision%20and%20Strategy%20on%203%20Plus%201%20Reforms%20Harmonization%20of%20Royal%20Government%20of%20Cambodia.pdf ចក្ខុវិស័យ និង យុទ្ធសាស្ត្រស្តីពី សុខដុមនីយកម្មការកែទម្រង់ ៣ បូក ១] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250508093418/https://pfm.gov.kh/document/publication/2022-12-08/Vision%2520and%2520Strategy%2520on%25203%2520Plus%25201%2520Reforms%2520Harmonization%2520of%2520Royal%2520Government%2520of%2520Cambodia.pdf |date=2025-05-08 }}<br> 5. ក្រសួងសេដ្ឋកិច្ចនិងហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ (MEF Cambodia)៖ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Economy_and_Finance_(Cambodia)<br> 6. គេហទំព័រផ្លូវការរបស់គម្រោង FMIS៖ https://fmis.gov.kh/<br> 7. អំពីគម្រោង FMIS៖ https://fmis.gov.kh/<br> 8. ក្រុមការងារ FMWG៖ https://fmis.gov.kh/fmwg<br> 9. កម្មវិធីជាតិសម្រាប់ការអភិវឌ្ឍតាមបែបប្រជាធិបតេយ្យនៅថ្នាក់ក្រោមជាតិ៖ https://data.opendevelopmentcambodia.net/km/library_record/national-program-on-sub-national-democratic-development-phase-2-2021-2030/resource/3f405840-b056-4674-b943-bc17d7abc95a<br> 10. Fresh News Asia: [https://fna.asia/eaa81b9 មន្ត្រីជាន់ខ្ពស់៖ រាជរដ្ឋាភិបាលនឹងឈានដល់ ការគ្រប់គ្រងថវិកាជាតិ បានកាន់តែមានប្រសិទ្ធភាព មានតម្លាភាពជាលំដាប់ តាមរយៈការប្រើប្រាស់បច្ចេកវិទ្យាឌីជីថល]<br> 11. Fresh News Asia: [https://fna.asia/be3ca37 មន្ដ្រីជាន់ខ្ពស់ក្រសួងសេដ្ឋកិច្ចនិងហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ ស្នើឱ្យគណៈប្រតិភូអ៊ុយក្រែន បន្តសិក្សាស៊ីជម្រៅលើលទ្ធភាពនៃការជំរុញកិច្ចសហប្រតិបត្តិការ ឱ្យកាន់តែជិតស្និទ្ធ រវាងប្រទេសទាំងពីរ]<br> 12. Fresh News Asia: [https://freshnewsasia.com/index.php/en/localnews/346233-2024-06-25-15-11-16.html មន្ត្រីជាន់ខ្ពស់៖ ការអនុវត្ត និងពង្រីកការប្រើប្រាស់ប្រព័ន្ធបច្ចេកវិទ្យាព័ត៌មានគ្រប់គ្រងហិរញ្ញវត្ថុសាធារណៈ ពីថ្នាក់ជាតិដល់ថ្នាក់ក្រោមជាតិ ជាកត្តាគន្លឹះជួយកម្ពុជា សម្រេចចក្ខុវិស័យកែទម្រង់ហិរញ្ញវត្ថុសាធារណៈ]<br> 13. Fresh News Asia: [https://freshnewsasia.com/index.php/en/localnews/343380-2024-06-04-04-09-32.html ក្រសួងសេដ្ឋកិច្ចនិងហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ ចាប់ផ្តើមយុទ្ធនាការបញ្រ្ជាបការយល់ដឹងលើ «ការគ្រប់គ្រងហិរញ្ញវត្ថុសាធារណៈតាម FMIS ជូនអង្គភាពថវិកាអាណាប័កផ្ទេរសិទ្ធិពេញលេញនៃក្រសួង-ស្ថាប័នចំនួន១១»]<br> 14. Fresh News Asia: [https://freshnewsasia.com/index.php/en/localnews/331692-2024-03-07-10-06-29.html ក្រសួងសេដ្ឋកិច្ចនិងហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ រៀបចំកម្មវិធីបញ្ជ្រាបការយល់ដឹង ស្តីពីនីតិវិធីចំណាយ និងចលនាឥណទានថវិកាចរន្តតាម FMIS ទាំងស្រុង ជូនក្រសួង-ស្ថាប័នចំនួន១០បន្ថែម]<br> 15. FMIS Cambodia News: [https://fmis.gov.kh/building-a-modern-budget-system-that-responds-to-international-best-practices-cannot-be-achieved-without-the-use-of-digital-technology-systems-as-support/ ការកសាងប្រព័ន្ធថវិកាទំនើបដែលឆ្លើយតបទៅនឹងឧត្តមានុវត្តន៍អន្តរជាតិនឹងមិនអាចសម្រេចទៅបាននោះទេ ដរាបណាមិនមានការប្រើប្រាស់ប្រព័ន្ធបច្ចេកវិទ្យាឌីជីថលជាជំនួយ]<br> 16. FMIS Cambodia News: [https://fmis.gov.kh/awareness-program-on-the-use-of-fmis-core-functions-and-new-generation-fmis-portal-for-51-additional-municipal-district-administrations កម្មវិធីបញ្រ្ជាបការយល់ដឹងស្តីពីការប្រើប្រាស់មុខងារស្នូល FMIS និង FMIS Portal ជំនាន់ថ្មី សម្រាប់រដ្ឋបាលក្រុង-ស្រុក ចំនួន ៥១បន្ថែមថ្មី] 6u40qwrng4ba8s9s5pou5bv1trkwd7l 0 53814 336903 336877 2026-06-23T15:59:57Z TheRandomGoober 27248 /* ព្រឹត្តិការណ៍ក្រោយៗ */ 336903 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military conflict | conflict = ការដួលរលំរដ្ឋធានីភ្នំពេញ | partof = [[សង្គ្រាមផ្ទៃក្នុងកម្ពុជា]] និង[[សង្គ្រាមវៀតណាម]] | image = {{multiple image|border=infobox|perrow=2/2/2|total_width=300 | image1=Aerial reconnaissance view of burning Esso Shell oil storage tank, Phnom Penh, 17 April 1975.jpg | alt1= | image2=Aerial reconnaissance view of the Monivong Bridge, Phnom Penh 17 April 1975.jpg | alt2= | image3=MONATIO Soldiers.jpg | alt3= | image4= | alt4=}}'''រូបភាពមើលតាមរង្វិលទ្រនិចនាឡិកា៖''' {{flatlist| * រូបភាពផ្តិតពីលើអាកាសបង្ហាញពីការឆាបឆេះធុងស្តុកប្រេងរបស់ក្រុមហ៊នអេសូ (Esso Shell) * រូបភាពផ្តិតពីលើអាកាសបង្ហាញពី[[ស្ពានព្រះមុនីវង្ស]] * ក្បួនព្យុហយាត្រាចលនា[[ម៉ូណាស្យូ]]នៅភ្នំពេញ }} | caption = | date = ១៧​ មេសា ១៩៧៥ | place = [[ភ្នំពេញ]], [[សាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរ]] | result = {{ublist|ជ័យជម្នះ[[ខ្មែរក្រហម]]}} | combatant1 = {{flagicon|កម្ពុជាប្រជាធិបតេយ្យ}} [[ខ្មែរក្រហម]] | combatant2 = {{flag|សាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរ}} | commander1 = {{flagicon|កម្ពុជាប្រជាធិបតេយ្យ}} [[ប៉ុល ពត]]<br>{{flagicon|កម្ពុជាប្រជាធិបតេយ្យ}} [[នួន ជា]]<br>{{flagicon|កម្ពុជាប្រជាធិបតេយ្យ}} [[អៀង​ សារី]]<br>{{flagicon|កម្ពុជាប្រជាធិបតេយ្យ}} [[ខៀវ សំផន]] | commander2 = {{flagicon|សាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរ}} [[សក់ ស៊ុតសាខន]]<br>{{flagicon|សាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរ}} [[ឡុង បូរ៉េត]]{{executed}}<br>{{flagicon|សាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរ}} [[លន់ ណុន]]{{executed}}<br>{{flagicon|សាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរ}} [[វង្ស សារិនឌី]]{{KIA|suicide}} | strength1 = ៤០,០០០ | strength2 = ~២០,០០០ | casualties1 = | casualties2 = | campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Cambodian Civil War}} }} '''ការដួលរលំទីក្រុងភ្នំពេញ''' ឬអាចហៅបានថា '''ការដួលរលំរដ្ឋធានីភ្នំពេញ''' គឺការវាយដណ្តើមកាន់កាប់ទីក្រុង[[ភ្នំពេញ]] ដែលជារដ្ឋធានីនៃ[[សាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរ]] ដោយពួក[[ខ្មែរក្រហម]]នៅថ្ងៃទី១៧ ខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ១៩៧៥ ដោយបានបិទបញ្ចប់[[សង្គ្រាមផ្ទៃក្នុងកម្ពុជា|សង្គ្រាមស៊ីវិលកម្ពុជា]]។ នៅដើមខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ១៩៧៥ ខ្មែរក្រហមបានឡោមព័ទ្ធជុំវិញបរិវេណទីក្រុង ដែលនាំឱ្យភ្នំពេញត្រូវពឹងផ្អែកទាំងស្រុងលើការផ្គត់ផ្គង់តាមផ្លូវអាកាសតាម[[អាកាសយានដ្ឋានអន្តរជាតិភ្នំពេញ|ព្រលានពោធិ៍ចិនតុង]]។ ដោយឃើញថាខ្មែរក្រហមនឹងរុលចូលក្រុងក្នុងពេលឆាប់ៗ រដ្ឋាភិបាលសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកក៏បានបើក[[ប្រតិបត្តិការអ៊ីហ្គលភូល|ប្រតិបត្តិការជម្លៀសជនជាតិអាមេរិកនិងជនជាតិខ្មែរ]]ដែលជាសម្ព័ន្ធមិត្តជិតស្និទនឹងខ្លួននៅថ្ងៃទី១២ ខែមេសា។ នៅថ្ងៃទី១៧ ខែមេសា រដ្ឋាភិបាលសាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរបានជម្លៀសចេញពីភ្នំពេញ ដោយមានគម្រោងបង្កើតរដ្ឋាភិបាលថ្មីមួយនៅតំបន់ក្បែរព្រំដែនថៃដើម្បីបន្តតស៊ូប្រឆាំងនឹងខ្មែរក្រហម។ បន្តិចក្រោយមកនៅថ្ងៃដដែរនោះ របាំងការពារចុងក្រោយនៅជុំវិញទីក្រុងភ្នំពេញត្រូវផ្ដួល ហើយខ្មែរក្រហមក៏បានចូលកាន់កាប់ទីក្រុងភ្នំពេញទាំងស្រុង។ ពលទាហានសាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរដែលនៅសេសសល់ក្នុងទីក្រុងត្រូវបានកម្លាំងខ្មែរក្រហមចាប់ខ្លួននិងនាំទៅកាន់[[ពហុកីឡដ្ឋានជាតិអូឡាំពិក|កីឡដ្ឋានអូឡាំពិក]] ជាកន្លែងដែលពួកគេត្រូវបានប្រហារជីវិត។ ថ្នាក់ដឹកនាំជាន់ខ្ពស់ក្នុងជួររដ្ឋាភិបាលនិងយោធាត្រូវបានបង្ខំឱ្យសរសេរសារសារភាពមុនពេលពួកគេត្រូវបានប្រហារជីវិត។ ខ្មែរក្រហមបានបញ្ជាឱ្យប្រជាជនគ្រប់រួបជម្លៀសចេញពីទីក្រុងភ្នំពេញ លើកលែងតែជនបរទេសប៉ុន្មានក្រុមដែលបន្តនៅជ្រកកោននៅក្នុង[[ស្ថានទូតបារាំងប្រចាំកម្ពុជា|ស្ថានទូតបារាំង]]រហូតដល់ថ្ងៃទី៣០ ខែមេសា នៅពេលដែលពួកគេត្រូវបានដឹកជញ្ជូនតាមរថយន្តទៅប្រទេសថៃ។ ==ផ្ទៃរឿង== នៅដើមឆ្នាំ១៩៧៥ [[សាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរ]] ដែលមានការគាំទ្រពីសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក បានគ្រប់គ្រងតែតំបន់ក្រុងភ្នំពេញនិងទីប្រជុំជនមួយចំនួននៅតាមបណ្តោយ[[ទន្លេមេគង្គ]]ប៉ុណ្ណោះ ខណៈវាក៏ដើរតួជាផ្លូវផ្គត់ផ្គង់ស្បៀងអាហារនិងគ្រាប់រំសេវដ៏សំខាន់ចេញពី[[វៀតណាមខាងត្បូង]]ដែរ។ នៅក្នុងគម្រោងយុទ្ធនាការវាយលុកកំឡុងរដូវប្រាំងឆ្នាំ១៩៧៥ របស់ពួកខ្មែរក្រហម ជាជាងប្រើកម្លាំងវាយទីក្រុងភ្នំពេញផ្ទាល់ ពួកខ្មែរក្រហមបានចាប់ផ្តើមវាយបណ្ដាច់ផ្លូវផ្គត់ផ្គង់របស់សាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរនៅតាមទន្លេមេគង្គនោះ។ នៅថ្ងៃទី១២ ខែមករា ឆ្នាំ១៩៧៥ ខ្មែរក្រហមបានវាយលុកក្រុង[[អ្នកលឿង]] ដែលជាប៉ុស្តិ៍ការពារដ៏សំខាន់មួយរបស់[[កងយោធពលខេមរជាតិ]]នៅលើទន្លេមេគង្គ។<ref name=Dunham>{{cite book|last=Dunham|first=George R|title=U.S. Marines in Vietnam: The Bitter End, 1973–1975 (Marine Corps Vietnam Operational Historical Series)|publisher=Marine Corps Association|year=1990|url=https://archive.org/details/TheBitterEnd|isbn=978-0-16-026455-9|access-date=2026-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310211317/https://archive.org/details/TheBitterEnd|archive-date=2016-03-10|url-status=live}}{{PD-notice}}</ref> កាលថ្ងៃទី២៧ ខែមករា នាវាចំនួនប្រាំពីរគ្រឿងក្នុងចំណោមនាវាចំនួន ១៦ គ្រឿងបានបើកចូលមកដល់ក្រុងភ្នំពេញ ក្រោយត្រូវរងការវាយប្រហារពីកម្លាំងខ្មែរក្រហមក្នុងកំឡុងពេលធ្វើដំណើរចម្ងាយ ១០០ គីឡូម៉ែត្រតាមទន្លេចេញពីព្រំដែនវៀតណាមខាងត្បូង។ នៅថ្ងៃទី៣ ខែកុម្ភៈ ក្បួននាវាមួយក្រុម ដែលធ្វើដំណើរតាមដងទន្លេ បានប៉ះជាមួយនឹងមីនក្រោមទឹកដែលបានដាក់បង្កប់ដោយពួកខ្មែរក្រហមនៅក្បែរក្រុង[[ហ្វូមី (ទីរួមខេត្ត)|ហ្វូមី]] ដែលមានចម្ងាយប្រមាណ ៧៤ គីឡូម៉ែត្រពីភ្នំពេញ។ ថ្វីបើ[[កងទ័ពជើងទឹកខេមរជាតិ|កងទ័ពជើងទឹកនៃសាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរ]]មានកម្លាំងសមត្ថភាពបោសសម្អាតមីនក្រោមទឹកមែន ប៉ុន្តែដោយសារតែច្រាំងទន្លេត្រូវគ្រប់គ្រងដោយពួកខ្មែរក្រហម ទើបបានជានាំឱ្យការបោសសម្អាតមីនមិនអាចធ្វើទៅរួច ឬណាមួយត្រូវចំណាយធនធានអស់ច្រើន។<ref name=Dunham/>{{rp|១០២–១០៤}} មិនតែប៉ុណ្ណោះ គិតមកត្រឹមពេលនោះ កងទ័ពជើងទឹកសាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរបានបាត់បង់នាវាតូចធំរបស់ខ្លួនប្រមាណមួយភាគបួនទៅហើយ រីឯកម្លាំងនាវិក ៧០ ភាគរយរបស់ខ្លួនត្រូវបានស្លាប់ ឬរងរបួស។<ref name=Shawcross>{{cite book|title=Sideshow: Kissinger, Nixon and the Destruction of Cambodia|last=Shawcross |first=William|publisher=Andre Deutsch Limited|year=1979 |isbn=0-233-97077-0}}</ref>{{rp|៣៤៧}} នៅថ្ងៃទី១៧ ខែកុម្ភៈ របបសាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរបានបោះបង់ចោលនូវផែនការរំដោះផ្លូវទឹកតាមដងទន្លេមេគង្គវិញ ដូច្នេះ រាល់សកម្មភាពផ្គត់ផ្គង់ទាំងឡាយជាបន្តបន្ទាប់មកភ្នំពេញនឹងត្រូវឆ្លងកាត់តាមផ្លូវអាកាសតាមរយៈ[[អាកាសយានដ្ឋានអន្តរជាតិភ្នំពេញ|អាកាសយានដ្ឋានពោធិ៍ចិនតុង]]។<ref name=Dunham/>{{rp|១០៥}} សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកបានចាត់ការដឹកជញ្ជូនស្បៀងអាហារ ប្រេងឥន្ធនៈ និងគ្រាប់រំសេវបញ្ជូនតាមអាកាសមកភ្នំពេញភ្លាមៗ ប៉ុន្តែចំនួននៃជំនួយបោះត្រូវបានកំណត់រឹតបន្តឹងក្រោយ[[វិសោធនកម្មខេស–ឈើដ|វិសោធនកម្មច្បាប់ថ្មី]]បានចូលជាធរមាននៅអាមេរិក។<ref name=Shawcross/>{{rp|៣៤៧}} ជាលទ្ធផល ក្រុមហ៊ុន[[ប៊ើដអ៊ែរ]] (BirdAir) របស់អាមេរិកបានក្លាយជាក្រុមហ៊ុនអាកាសតែមួយគត់ដែលប្រតិបត្តិដឹកជំនួយផ្គត់ផ្គង់ចូលភ្នំពេញក្នុងមួយថ្ងៃម្ភៃដង ដោយហោះហើរចុះឡើងពី[[អាកាសយានដ្ឋានទ័ពជើងទឹកអ៊ូតាផាវ]]នៃប្រទេសថៃមកពោធិ៍ចិនតុង។<ref name=Dunham/>{{rp|១០៥}} នៅថ្ងៃទី៥ ខែមីនា កាំភ្លើងធំខ្មែរក្រហមឈរនៅទួលលាប ពោលនៅភាគពាយ័ព្យនៃទីក្រុងភ្នំពេញ បានបាញ់ផ្លោងចូលមកចំអាកាសយានដ្ឋានពោធិ៍ចិនតុង មុនពេលកម្លាំងសាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរបានវាយដណ្តើមតំបន់ទួលលាបមកវិញនៅថ្ងៃទី១៥ ខែមីនា និងបិទបញ្ចប់ប្រតិបត្តិការបាញ់ផ្លោងចូលក្រុងរបស់ខ្មែរក្រហម។ កងកម្លាំងខ្មែរក្រហមបានបន្តរុញចូលយឺតៗពីភាគខាងជើងនិងលិចនៃភ្នំពេញ ហើយមិនយូរប៉ុន្មានក៏រកតំបន់ឈរជើងថ្មីដែលអាចឱ្យពួកគេបន្តធ្វើការបាញ់ផ្លោងចូលពោធិ៍ចិនតុងម្តងទៀត។ នៅថ្ងៃទី២២ ខែមីនា គ្រាប់រ៉ុក្កែតខ្មែរក្រហមបានបង្កការខូចខាតដល់យន្តហោះដឹកជំនួយផ្គត់ផ្គង់ចំនួនពីរគ្រឿង ដែលបង្ខំឱ្យ[[ស្ថានទូតអាមេរិកប្រចាំកម្ពុជា|ស្ថានទូតអាមេរិក]]ចេញសេចក្ដីប្រកាសនៅថ្ងៃបន្ទាប់អំពីដំណើរផ្អាកការដឹកជញ្ជូនតាមអាកាសរហូតដល់ស្ថានភាពសន្តិសុខបានប្រសើរឡើងវិញ។ ក្រោយដឹងខ្លួនថាសាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរនឹងដួលរលំនៅពេលឆាប់ៗប្រសិនបើគ្មានអ្វីជាជំនួយផ្គត់ផ្គង់ ដូច្នេះស្ថានទូតអាមេរិកក៏បានលុបចោលដំណើរផ្អាកនោះចោលនៅថ្ងៃទី២៤ ខែមីនា ហើយបានបង្កើនចំនួនយន្តហោះសម្រាប់ការដឹកជញ្ជូន។<ref name=Dunham/>{{rp|១០៥}}<ref name=Shawcross/>{{rp|៣៥៨}} ការធ្វើបែបនេះព្រោះរដ្ឋាភិបាលខ្មែរនិងស្ថានទូតអាមេរិកនាពេលនោះមានទស្សនៈសុទិដ្ឋនិយមថាខ្លួនអាចទប់ទល់នឹងការវាយលុករបស់ខ្មែរក្រហមបានរហូតដល់ខែឧសភា នៅពេលដែលរដូវវស្សាចូលមកដល់ ហើយសកម្មភាពប្រយុទ្ធផ្សេងៗនឹងចុះអន់ថយ។<ref name=Shawcross/>{{rp|៣៥៦}} ​ ==យុទ្ធនាការវាយលុករបស់ខ្មែរក្រហម== ===ចុងខែមីនា=== នៅចុងខែមីនា កងយោធពលខេមរជាតិបានឈរជើងក្នុងបរិវេណការពារចម្ងាយប្រហែល ១៥ គីឡូម៉ែត្រពីកណ្តាលទីក្រុងភ្នំពេញ។ នៅភាគពាយ័ព្យ កងពលធំទីប្រាំពីរបានកំពុងស្ថិតក្នុងស្ថានការណ៍កាន់តែលំបាកទៅៗ បន្ទាប់ពីគេបានរងការវាយផ្តាច់ពីច្រើនទិស ជាពិសេសនៅក្នុងតំបន់ទួលលាប ដែលបានប្តូរដៃកាន់កាប់គ្នាអស់ជាច្រើនលើក។ ចំពោះកងពលធំទីបីដែលមានទីតាំងឈរជើងនៅលើ[[ផ្លូវជាតិលេខ៤ (កម្ពុជា)|ផ្លូវជាតិលេខ ៤]] ក្បែរ[[ភូមិបែកចាន]] ចម្ងាយប្រហែល ១០ គីឡូម៉ែត្រនៅភាគខាងលិចព្រលានពោធិ៍ចិនតុង ត្រូវបានកាត់ផ្តាច់ចេញពីប៉ុស្តិ៍បញ្ជាការផ្ទាល់ខ្លួននៅ[[ក្រុងច្បារមន|ក្រុងកំពង់ស្ពឺ]]។<ref name=Sak>{{cite book|last=Sutsakhan|first=Lt. Gen. Sak|title=The Khmer Republic at War and the Final Collapse|publisher=United States Army Center of Military History|year=1987|isbn=9781780392585}}</ref>{{rp|១១៥}} នៅឯភាគខាងត្បូង កងពលធំទីមួយបានរ៉ាប់រងយុទ្ធនាការការពារ រួមជាមួយកងពលតូចទី១៥ របស់លោកឧត្តមសេនីយ៍ឯក[[លន់ ណុន]] ហើយវាត្រូវជាជួរប្រយុទ្ធដ៏ស្ងប់ស្ងាត់បំផុតនាពេលនោះ។ យ៉ាងណាមិញ នៅក្នុង[[ក្រុងតាខ្មៅ|តំបន់តាខ្មៅ]] [[ផ្លូវជាតិលេខ១]] និង[[ទន្លេបាសាក់]] កងពលធំទីមួយបានចាប់ផ្ដើមទទួលរងសម្ពាធជាបន្តបន្ទាប់ពីពួកខ្មែរក្រហម។ នៅខាងកើតនៃរដ្ឋធានីគឺជាទីតាំងឈរជើងរបស់កងពលតូចឆ័ត្រយោង និងកងអង្គភាពនៃយោធាភូមិភាគភ្នំពេញ។ មូលដ្ឋានទ័ពជើងទឹកនៅខាង[[ខណ្ឌជ្រោយចង្វា|ជ្រោយចង្វារ]] និងមូលដ្ឋាន[[កងទ័ពអាកាសខ្មែរ|ទ័ពអាកាសខ្មែរ]]នៅពោធិ៍ចិនតុង ត្រូវស្ថិតក្រោមការការពារដោយកម្លាំងពួកគេរៀងខ្លួនៗ។<ref name=Sak/>{{rp|១៥៦}} កងទ័ពសាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរនៅភូមិសាស្ត្រអ្នកលឿង ពោលនៅឯច្រាំងខាងកើតនៃទន្លេមេគង្គគឺត្រូវបានកាត់ផ្ដាច់ទាំងស្រុងពីកងកម្លាំងសាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរផ្សេងៗទៀត។ កងទ័ពអាកាសនិងជើងទឹកខ្មែរត្រូវពន្លាតចេញដាច់ឆ្ងាយពីគ្នាខ្លាំងលើសពីសមត្ថភាពទ្រទ្រង់របស់ពួកគេ ជាហេតុនាំឱ្យពួកគេមិនអាចបំពេញកាតព្វកិច្ច និងតម្រូវការបានពេញលេញ។ ស្ថានភាព​ភស្តុភារទូទៅបានកាន់តែយ៉ាប់យ៉ឺនឡើងៗសម្រាប់កងកម្លាំងសាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរ ហើយ​ការផ្គត់ផ្គង់​គ្រាប់រំសេវ​សម្រាប់​ទ័ពថ្មើរជើង​អាចធ្វើឡើងបានម្តងម្កាល​ប៉ុណ្ណោះ។<ref name=Sak/>{{rp|១៥៦}} ===១ មេសា=== លោកនាយករដ្ឋមន្ត្រី[[លន់ នល់]]បានលាលែងចេញពីតំណែងនៅថ្ងៃទី១ ខែមេសា។ ពិធីលាលែងត្រូវបានធ្វើឡើងនៅ[[រដ្ឋសភាកម្ពុជា|វិមានចំការមន]] ដោយមានការចូលរួមពីតែជនជាតិខ្មែរសុទ្ធប៉ុណ្ណោះ ខណៈក្រុមអ្នកការទូតតំណាងបរទេសផ្សេងៗមិនត្រូវបានឱ្យអញ្ជើញចូលឡើយ។ ពីទីធ្លានៃវិមានចំការមន ឧទ្ធម្ភាគចក្របានដឹកលោកលន់ នល់ ព្រមទាំងក្រុមគ្រួសារ និងបក្សពួកលោកទៅព្រលានពោធិ៍ចិនតុង ដែលជាកន្លែងលោកបានជួបជាមួយឯកអគ្គរដ្ឋទូតអាមេរិក[[ចន ហ្គុនធើរ ឌីន]] មុនពេលឡើងយន្តហោះ[[អាកាសចរណ៍ភូមិន្ទកម្ពុជា|អាកាសចរណ៍កម្ពុជា]]ហោះទៅកាន់អ៊ូតាផាវក្នុងប្រទេសថៃ ដោយនិរទេសខ្លួនចេញជាផ្លូវការ។<ref name=Sak/>{{rp|១៥៨–១៦១}}<ref name=Shawcross/>{{rp|៣៥៨}} លោក[[សូខាំ ខូយ]]បានក្លាយជាប្រធានាធិបតីស្តីទី ដោយសង្ឃឹមថានឹងមានផ្លូវចរចាសន្តិភាពជាមួយខ្មែរក្រហម ពិសេសក្រោយលន់ នល់បានចាកចេញទៅបាត់។<ref name=Shawcross/>{{rp|១៦១}} ស្ថានការណ៍តឹងតែងស្ទើរពេញមួយខែមីនាកន្លងមកនោះបានបិទបញ្ចប់នៅយប់ថ្ងៃទី១ ខែមេសា បន្ទាប់ពីក្រុងអ្នកលឿងបានដួលរលំធ្លាក់ក្រោមដៃខ្មែរក្រហម ក្រោយពីកម្លាំងសាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរបានស៊ូទ្រាំការពារក្រុងនេះពីការឡោមព័ទ្ធវាយប្រហាររបស់ខ្មែរក្រហមអស់រយៈពេលបីខែកន្លងមក។ ការវិវឌ្ឍស្ថានភាពថ្មីនេះបានបើកផ្លូវថ្មីឆ្ពោះទៅកាន់ភាគខាងត្បូងនៃរដ្ឋធានី ខណៈទាហានខ្មែរក្រហមចំនួន ៦,០០០ នាក់បន្ថែមបានរុលជាកម្លាំងឆ្ពោះទៅចូលរួមឡោមព័ទ្ធភ្នំពេញ។<ref name=Sak/>{{rp|១៥៦}}<ref name=Dunham/>{{rp|១០៥}}<ref name=Shawcross/>{{rp|៣៥៨}} ===២–១១ មេសា=== ចាប់ពីថ្ងៃទី៣–៤ ខែមេសា ទីតាំងឈរជើងរបស់កម្លាំងសាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរទាំងប៉ុន្មាននៅលើផ្លូវជាតិលេខ ១ ខាងជើងក្រុងអ្នកលឿងក្រោមកងពលធំទីមួយបានត្រូវសត្រូវវាយកាន់កាប់ម្តងមួយៗ ហើយការបញ្ជូនកម្លាំងបន្ថែមជាជំនួយមិនថាតាមផ្លូវគោក ឬឆ្លងទន្លេមេគង្គទេ គឺមិនអាចធ្វើទៅរួចទៀតឡើយ។<ref name=Shawcross/>{{rp|១៥៦}} នៅភាគខាងជើងរដ្ឋធានី ក្នុងតំបន់កងពលទីប្រាំពីរការពារ ខ្មែរក្រហមបានបើកការវាយលុកជារៀងរាល់ថ្ងៃ ហើយទោះបីជាមានការគាំទ្រផ្លូវអាកាសជាប្រចាំក៏ដោយ ក៏ស្ថានការណ៍នៅទីនោះនៅតែមិនអំណោយផលដដែរ។ កម្លាំងសាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរបានព្យាយាមវាយដណ្ដើមយកទីតាំងដែលខ្លួនបានបាត់បង់ទៅពួកខ្មែរក្រហមមកវិញដែរ ប៉ុន្តែមិនបានជោគជ័យអ្វីសោះ។ កងពលទីមួយបានបាត់បង់ទាហានជារៀងរាល់ថ្ងៃ ខណៈការជម្លៀសទាហានដែលឈឺនិងរបួសដោយឧទ្ធម្ភាគចក្រគឺលែងអាចធ្វើទៅរួចទៀតហើយ។<ref name=Sak/>{{rp|១៥៦–១៥៧}} ដោយស្ថានការណ៍វិវត្តលឿនហួសប្រមាណ ហើយដោយកម្លាំងកាន់តែចុះថយទៅៗ អគ្គបញ្ជាការដ្ឋានក៏បានបញ្ជូនត្រឹមអតីតសមាជិកនៃកងឆ្មាំខេត្តទៅជួយការពារនៅតំបន់ភាគខាងជើង ប៉ុន្តែពួកគេត្រូវបានខ្មែរក្រហមវាយខ្ចាត់ខ្ចាយទាំងស្រុងត្រឹមប៉ុន្មានម៉ោងប៉ុណ្ណោះ។ ហេតុការណ៍នេះបាននាំឱ្យរបើករបាំងការពារភាគខាងជើង រីឯឱកាសបិទខ្ទប់វាក៏លែងមានទៀត។ នៅឯភាគខាងលិច កងកម្លាំងនៃកងពលធំទីបីក្រោមបញ្ជាការរបស់ឧត្តមសេនីយ៍ឯកព្រះ[[នរោត្ដម ចន្ទរង្សី]]បានទទួលជំនួយកម្លាំងមកពង្រឹងការការពារបន្ថែម ប៉ុន្តែយ៉ាងណា កម្លាំងព្រះអង្គនៅតែមិនអាចវាយចូលកំពង់ស្ពឺបាន ពិសេសដើម្បីដណ្តើមទីតាំងយុទ្ធសាស្ត្រនៅទួលលាបនោះ។ បន្ថែមពីលើនេះ កម្លាំងសាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរបានបង្កើតកំហុសគណនាបណ្ដាលឱ្យពួកគេផ្លោងគ្រាប់ចូលទីតាំងរបស់កងពលធំទីបីកំឡុងពេលកំពុងប្រតិបត្តិការ ជាហេតុប៉ះពាល់ដល់ស្មារតីប្រយុទ្ធយ៉ាងធ្ងន់ធ្ងរ។<ref name=Sak/>{{rp|១៥៦–៧}} ទន្ទឹមគ្នានេះដែរ ជនភៀសសឹកស៊ីវិលមកពីគ្រប់ទិសទីបាននាំគ្នារត់មកជ្រោកកោនគេចវេះពីសង្គ្រាមនៅក្នុងរដ្ឋធានី។ អាជ្ញាធរក្រុងភ្នំពេញទាំងស៊ីវិលនិងយោធាត្រូវធ្វើការធ្ងន់កទទួលជនភៀសសឹករាប់សិបពាន់នាក់ ដោយមិនដឹងថាត្រូវផ្តល់ជម្រកនៅទីណាឱ្យពួកគេ។ សាលារៀន វត្តអារាម និងសួនច្បារសាធារណៈបានក្លាយជាទីជម្រកបណ្ដោះអាសន្នរបស់ជនភៀសសឹក ចំណែកឯអាជ្ញាធរក្រុងវិញ ពួកគេអស់លែងមានវិធីសាស្ត្រដើម្បីកំណត់អត្តសញ្ញាណថាតើនរណាជាមិត្ត និងនរណាជាខ្មែរក្រហមទៀតឡើយ។<ref name=Sak/>{{rp|១៥៧}} នៅថ្ងៃទី១១ ខែមេសា នៅឯទីក្រុង[[ប៉េកាំង]] រដ្ឋាភិបាលអាមេរិកបានស្នើសុំឱ្យមានការចាត់ព្រះអង្គម្ចាស់[[នរោត្ដម សីហនុ|នរោត្តម សីហនុ]] មេដឹកនាំនៃ[[រណសិរ្សរួបរួមជាតិកម្ពុជា]] ឱ្យយាងត្រឡប់មកទីក្រុងភ្នំពេញវិញជាបន្ទាន់។ តែយ៉ាងណា ព្រះអង្គទ្រង់បានបដិសេធសំណើរបស់អាមេរិកនោះនៅព្រឹកបន្ទាប់។<ref name=Shawcross/>{{rp|៣៦៣}} ===១២ មេសា=== [[File:View of Phnom Penh from CH-53.jpg|thumb|250px|ទិដ្ឋភាពពីជ្រុងមួយនៃទីក្រុងភ្នំពេញមើលពីលើឧទ្ធម្ភាគចក្រអាមេរិក, ១២ មេសា ១៩៧៥]] ដោយស្ថានការណ៍នៅភ្នំពេញកាន់តែពិបាកទៅៗ ដូច្នេះនៅថ្ងៃទី១២ ខែមេសា ស្ថានទូតអាមេរិកក៏បានផ្តួចផ្តើម[[ប្រតិបត្តិការអ៊ីហ្គលភូល]] ពោលជាដំណើរជម្លៀសប្រជាជនអាមេរិកទាំងអស់ចេញពីកម្ពុជា។ លោកឯកអគ្គរដ្ឋទូតឌីនបានអញ្ជើញសមាជិករដ្ឋាភិបាលខ្មែរឱ្យជម្លៀសខ្លួនចេញផងដែរនៅក្នុងប្រតិបត្តិការនេះ ប៉ុន្តែពួកគាត់ទាំងអស់គ្នាបានបដិសេធ លើកលែងតែប្រធានាធិបតីស្តីទី លោកសូខាំ ខូយ ដែលបានព្រមចូលខ្លួនជម្លៀសដោយមិនផ្ដល់ដំណឹងអ្វីដល់ថ្នាក់ដឹកនាំដទៃ។<ref name=Dunham/>{{rp|១១៤}} ដំណើរជម្លៀសនេះបានធ្វើឱ្យមនុស្សជាច្រើនក្នុងជួរថ្នាក់ដឹកនាំសាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរមានការភ្ញាក់ផ្អើលជាខ្លាំង ព្រោះតែទីក្រុងភ្នំពេញនិងទីរួមខេត្តស្ទើរតែទាំងអស់ (លើកលែងតែទីរួមខេត្តនៅភាគខាងកើតប្រទេសដែលកំពុងស្ថិតក្រោម[[វៀតណាមខាងជើង]]កាន់កាប់) សុទ្ធតែស្ថិតនៅក្នុងកណ្ដាប់ដៃរដ្ឋាភិបាល និងពោរពេញទៅដោយជនភៀសសឹករាប់លាននាក់។ ចំនួនប៉ាន់ប្រមាណបានរាប់ប្រជាជនដែលស្ថិតនៅក្រោមការគ្រប់គ្រងរបស់រដ្ឋាភិបាលថាមានចំនួនប្រាំមួយលាននាក់ ហើយអ្នកដែលស្ថិតនៅក្រោមការគ្រប់គ្រងរបស់ខ្មែរក្រហមមានត្រឹមមួយលាននាក់ប៉ុណ្ណោះ។<ref name=Sak/>{{rp|១៦២–៣}} នៅវេលាម៉ោង ០៨:៣០ ព្រឹក គណៈរដ្ឋមន្ត្រីបានកោះប្រជុំគ្នានៅក្នុងការិយាល័យនាយករដ្ឋមន្ត្រី[[ឡុង បូរ៉េត]]។ ពួកគាត់បានសម្រេចចិត្តថា គួរតែមានការហៅកោះប្រជុំមហាសន្និបាតមួយ ដែលមានសមាសភាពមន្ត្រីជាន់ខ្ពស់ និងថ្នាក់ដឹកនាំយោធាចូលរួម។ ចាប់ពីម៉ោង ១៤:០០ រសៀល មហាសន្និបាតនោះត្រូវបានធ្វើឡើងនៅក្នុងវិមានចំការមន។ នៅទីបំផុត សេចក្តីសម្រេចមួយត្រូវបានអនុម័តជាឯកច្ឆន្ទ ដោយស្នើការផ្ទេរអំណាចទៅឱ្យយោធាកាន់កាប់ និងថ្កោលទោសលោកសូខាំ ខូយ ដែលមិនបានប្រគល់តំណែងសមស្របតាមនីតិច្បាប់។ នៅម៉ោង ២៣:០០ យប់ មហាសន្និបាតបានជ្រើសតាំងសមាជិកនៃគណៈកម្មាធិការកំពូលដូចជា៖ លោកឧត្តមសេនីយ៍ឯក[[សក់ ស៊ុតសាខន]] នាយសេនាធិការកងខេមរជាតិលោកឧត្តមសេនីយ៍ទោ[[ថងវណ្ណ ផានមឿង]] ឧត្តមនាវីឯក[[វង្ស សារិនឌី]] មេបញ្ជាការកងទ័ពអាកាសលោកឧត្តមសេនីយ៍ឯកអៀ ឈុង លោកនាយករដ្ឋមន្ត្រីឡុង បូរ៉េត លោកឧបនាយករដ្ឋមន្ត្រី[[ហង្ស ធុនហាក់]] និងតំណាងគណបក្សសង្គមសាធារណរដ្ឋលោកអុប គឹមអាង។<ref name=Sak/>{{rp|១៦៤}} ចំពោះស្ថានការណ៍នៅសមរភូមិវិញបានកាន់តែយ៉ាប់យ៉ឺនខ្លាំងទៅៗ។ នៅភាគខាងជើង ខ្សែការពារត្រូវបានកាត់ផ្តាច់នៅចំណុចជាច្រើនដោយខ្មែរក្រហម ទោះបីជាមានការតស៊ូប្រយុទ្ធតតាំងពីអង្គភាពកងទ័ពសាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរវិញយ៉ាងណាក៏ដោយ។ អាកាសយានដ្ឋានពោធិ៍ចិនតុងវិញបានកំពុងប្រឈមនឹងហានិភ័យខ្ពស់ពីការវាយដណ្តើមដោយខ្មែរក្រហម។ ដោយដូច្នេះ ព្រលានយោធាតូចមួយនៃតំបន់មានជ័យត្រូវបានកំណត់ជាទីកន្លែងចុះចតបណ្ដោះអាសន្នសម្រាប់យន្តហោះនិងឧទ្ធម្ភាគចក្រដែលនាំយកគ្រាប់រំសេវ និងសម្ភារៈផ្គត់ផ្គង់ផ្សេងៗ។.<ref name=Sak/>{{rp|១៦៤–៥}} ===១៣–១៦ មេសា=== [[File:Fall of Phnom Penh.jpg|thumb|right|ផែនទីបង្ហាញពីចលនាពុះសម្រុកចូលភ្នំពេញជាលើកចុងក្រោយរបស់ខ្មែរក្រហម]] ថ្ងៃទី១៣ ខែមេសា គឺជាថ្ងៃដំបូងនៃ[[ចូលឆ្នាំខ្មែរ|ពិធីបុណ្យចូលឆ្នាំខ្មែរថ្មី]] ហើយក៏ត្រូវជាថ្ងៃដែលខ្មែរក្រហមបានបន្តបាញ់ផ្លោងចូលទីក្រុងភ្នំពេញដែរ។ នៅវេលាម៉ោង ០៩:០០ ព្រឹក គណៈកម្មាធិការកំពូលបានបើកសម័យប្រជុំលើកដំបូងរបស់ខ្លួន ដោយបានជ្រើសតាំងលោកសក់ ស៊ុតសាខនជាប្រធានគណៈកម្មាធិការជាឯកច្ឆ័ន្ទ ដែលនាំឱ្យលោកក្លាយជាប្រមុខរដ្ឋាភិបាល និងជាប្រមុខរដ្ឋស្តីទីផងដែរ។ លោកសាខនបានផ្ញើសំណើសុំសន្តិភាពចុងក្រោយទៅកាន់ព្រះអង្គម្ចាស់សីហនុ ដោយព្រមផ្ទេរសាធារណរដ្ឋនិងកងកម្លាំងប្រដាប់អាវុធទៅឱ្យព្រះអង្គកាន់កាប់ ប៉ុន្តែសាធារណរដ្ឋនឹងមិនព្រមចុះចាញ់ឱ្យដៃទៅខ្មែរក្រហមនោះឡើយ។ នៅយប់នោះ លោកសាខនបានកោះប្រជុំក្រុមប្រឹក្សារដ្ឋមន្ត្រី ដែលលើកនេះមានទាំងគណៈកម្មាធិការកំពូល និងគណៈរដ្ឋមន្ត្រីចូលរួម។<ref name=Sak/>{{rp|១៦៥}} ក្រុមប្រឹក្សាបានសម្រេចចិត្តដោយប្រើអំណាចទាំងប៉ុន្មានដែលខ្លួនមានដើម្បីបញ្ជូនលំហូរជនភៀសសឹកដែលកំពុងកើនឡើងច្រើនទៅៗទៅជ្រកកោននៅក្នុងសាលារៀន វត្តអារាម បង្កើតកម្មវិធីផ្តល់ស្បៀងអាហារដល់ពួកគេ រៀបចំគណៈរដ្ឋមន្ត្រីឡើងវិញ ពង្រឹងទ័ពនៅភ្នំពេញដោយហោះនាំកងវរសេនាធំមួយចំនួនពីខេត្តផ្សេងៗចូលតាមព្រលានមានជ័យ និងការបង្កើតគណៈកម្មាធិការពិសេសមួយ ដែលមានលោកឡុង បូរ៉េតជាប្រធាន ដើម្បីរៀបចំត្រៀមសំណើសន្តិភាពសម្រាប់្រគល់ឱ្យព្រះអង្គម្ចាស់សីហនុ ឬពួកខ្មែរក្រហម។<ref name=Sak/>{{rp|១៦៥}} គិតត្រឹមថ្ងៃទី១៤ ខែមេសា ស្ថានការណ៍នៅលើសមរភូមិបានកាន់តែបាត់បង់លំនឹងទៅបន្តិចៗ។ នៅព្រឹកនោះ គណៈរដ្ឋមន្ត្រីបានជួបប្រជុំគ្នានៅការិយាល័យលោកសាខន នៅទីស្នាក់ការកណ្តាលអគ្គសេនាធិការ។ នៅម៉ោង ១០:២៥ កណ្ណធារបើកយន្តហោះ តេ-២៨ ម្នាក់បានទម្លាក់គ្រាប់បែកចំនួនបួនគ្រាប់ទម្ងន់ ១១០ គីឡូក្រាម (២៥០ ផោន)។ គ្រាប់បែកចំនួនពីរគ្រាប់បានធ្លាក់ផ្ទុះនៅទីតាំងចម្ងាយប្រហែល ២០ ម៉ែត្រពីការិយាល័យរបស់សាខន ដោយបានសម្លាប់មន្ត្រីនិងកងការពារចំនួនប្រាំពីរនាក់ និងរបួសម្ភៃនាក់បន្ថែម។ លោកសាខនបានប្រកាសពីបម្រាមគោចររយៈពេល ២៤ ម៉ោង ខណៈការប្រយុទ្ធនៅលើសមរភូមិនៅបន្តដដែរ។<ref name=Sak/>{{rp|១៦៦}}<ref name=Swain>{{cite book|last=Swain|first=Jon|title=River of Time: A Memoir of Vietnam and Cambodia|publisher=St. Martin's Press|year=1997|isbn=978-0425168059|url=https://archive.org/details/riveroftime00swai}}</ref>{{rp|១២៥}} នៅរសៀលនៃថ្ងៃដដែរ [[ក្រុងតាខ្មៅ]]ដែលជាទីរួម[[ខេត្តកណ្តាល]] និងស្ថិតនៅចម្ងាយ ១១ គីឡូម៉ែត្រពីភាគខាងត្បូងទីក្រុងភ្នំពេញ ត្រូវបានធ្លាក់ក្រោមការកាន់កាប់ខ្មែរក្រហមទាំងស្រុង។ តាខ្មៅជាចំណុចទីតាំងការពារយុទ្ធសាស្ត្រដ៏សំខាន់បំផុតមួយរបស់កងកម្លាំងសាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរ ហើយការបាត់បង់វាបានប៉ះពាល់ដល់ស្មារតីប្រយុទ្ធបន្ថែមរបស់ពួកគេ។ ថ្វីបើមានការវាយតបតដើម្បីគ្រង់គ្រងស្ថានការណ៍នៅតាខ្មៅមែនក្ដី តែវាមិនបានផលផ្លែផ្កាអ្វីឡើយ ហើយមិនយូរប៉ុន្មាន សមរភូមិប្រយុទ្ធក៏រុញចូលមកដល់តំបន់ខាងត្បូងនៃជាយក្រុង។ មិនតែប៉ុណ្ណោះ ដោយសារការវិវត្តបែបនេះ សកម្មភាពផ្គត់ផ្គង់ជំនួយទាំងឡាយតាមអាកាសនៅពោធិ៍ចិនតុងត្រូវបានផ្អាកបញ្ឈប់ទាំងស្រុង។<ref name=Sak/>{{rp|១៦៦}}<ref name=Swain/>{{rp|១២៥}} ចូលមកថ្ងៃទី១៥ ខ្មែរក្រហមបានបង្កើនការវាយប្រហារបន្ថែមពីភាគខាងជើងនិងលិច។ តំបន់ពោធិ៍ចិនតុងនិងទំនប់របងការពារដែលរត់ពីកើតទៅលិចបន្តទៅខាងជើងនៃទីក្រុង ដោយចំណុចទាំងពីរភ្ជាប់គ្នាបង្កើតបានជាខ្សែការពារចុងក្រោយនៅជុំវិញបរិវេណក្រុងភ្នំពេញ ហើយមកដល់ត្រឹមនេះបានកំពុងរងការវាយលុកយ៉ាងខ្លាំងពីសំណាក់ពួកខ្មែរក្រហម។ ការចូលអន្តរាគមន៍ដោយកងពលតូចឆ័ត្រយោង ដែលត្រូវបានបញ្ជូនមកពីប៉ែកខាងកើតទន្លេមេគង្គ មិនបានជួយសម្រូលអ្វីដល់ស្ថានការណ៍ដ៏តានតឹងនៅសមរភូមិខាងលិចនៃរដ្ឋធានីឡើយ។ កងពលតូចនេះបានព្យាយាមរុលដំណើរទៅលិច ប៉ុន្តែអាចបន្តបានត្រឹមតែ ៦ គីឡូម៉ែត្រតាមផ្លូវជាតិលេខ ៤ ប៉ុណ្ណោះ។<ref name=Sak/>{{rp|១៥៨}} ទន្ទឹមគ្នានេះដែរ ជនភៀសសឹកជាច្រើននាក់បន្ថែមបានបន្តហូរចូលក្រុងភ្នំពេញ។<ref name=Sak/>{{rp|១៦៧}} [[File:Aerial reconnaissance view of burning Esso Shell oil storage tank, Phnom Penh, 17 April 1975.jpg|thumb|right|រូបភាពផ្តិតពីលើអាកាសបង្ហាញពីការឆាបឆេះធុងស្តុកប្រេងរបស់ក្រុមហ៊នអេសូ (Esso Shell) មួយកន្លែងក្នុងទីក្រុងភ្នំពេញ, ១៧ មេសា ១៩៧៥]] នៅថ្ងៃទី១៦ ខែមេសា កិច្ចប្រជុំគណៈរដ្ឋមន្ត្រីនាព្រឹកនោះត្រូវបានផ្ដោតទាំងស្រុងទៅលើយន្តការផ្ញើសំណើសន្តិភាពទៅទីក្រុងប៉េកាំងឱ្យបានឆាប់តាមដែលអាចធ្វើទៅបានបំផុត។ លោកឡុង បូរ៉េតបានរៀបចំសំណើដែលក្នុងនោះបានអំពាវនាវឱ្យមានបទឈប់បាញ់ជាបន្ទាន់ និងការផ្ទេរអំណាចទៅឱ្យរណសិរ្សរួបរួមជាតិកម្ពុជារបស់សម្ដេចសីហនុ។ ទីបំផុត សំណើនេះក៏ត្រូវបានផ្ញើទៅកាន់ទីក្រុងប៉េកាំងតាមរយៈ[[គណៈកម្មាធិការអន្តរជាតិនៃកាកបាទក្រហម]] និង[[ទីភ្នាក់ងារសារព័ត៌មានបារាំង]]។ ស្ថានភាពយោធាកាន់តែវិវត្តអាក្រក់ទៅៗ នៅពេលដែលធុងស្តុកប្រេងរបស់ក្រុមហ៊ុនស៊ែល (Shell) នៅភាគខាងជើងទីក្រុងបានឆាបឆេះកំឡុងពេលប្រយុទ្ធគ្នា បង្កបង្កើតជាអគ្គីភ័យដុតបំផ្លាញទីលំនៅប្រជាជនពីជើងរហូតដល់ត្បូងរដ្ឋធានីភ្នំពេញ។<ref name=Sak/>{{rp|១៦៧–៨}} ពេញមួយរសៀល គណៈរដ្ឋមន្ត្រីបានទន្ទឹងរង់ចាំចម្លើយឆ្លើយតបពីទីក្រុងប៉េកាំង។ នៅវេលាម៉ោង ២៣:០០ យប់ សារចម្លើយនៅតែមិនទាន់ឃើញមកដល់ ហើយគណៈរដ្ឋមន្ត្រីក៏ដឹងខ្លួនថា ពួកខ្មែរក្រហមគឺមិនមានបំណងងទទួលយកសំណើអ្វីនោះទេ។<ref name=Sak/>{{rp|១៦៧–៨}} ដំណាលគ្នានេះ ខ្មែរក្រហមបានកាន់កាប់ច្រាំងខាងកើតនៃទន្លេមេគង្គបន្ទាប់ពីកងពលតូចឆ័ត្រយោងបានដកខ្លួនចេញ ខណៈដែលកងពលធំទីពីររបស់ឧត្តមសេនីយ៍[[ដៀន ដែល]]បានមកឈរជើងការពារតំបន់[[ស្ពានព្រះមុនីវង្ស]]។<ref name=Swain/>{{rp|១២៦}} យន្តហោះ តេ-២៨ ដេ របស់ទ័ពអាកាសសាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរបានចេញប្រតិបត្តិការហោះហើរជាលើកចុងក្រោយដោយទម្លាក់គ្រាប់បែកលើមជ្ឈមណ្ឌលបញ្ជានិងត្រួតពិនិត្យ ក៏ដូចជាឃ្លាំងយន្តហោះនៅពោធិ៍ចិនតុង ក្រោយព្រលាននេះបានធ្លាក់ក្រោមការកាន់កាប់ដោយខ្មែរក្រហម។ បន្ទាប់ពីប្រើប្រាស់គ្រាប់បែកទម្លាក់ស្ទើរអស់ពីស្តុក យន្តហោះសាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរចំនួន ៩៧ គ្រឿងបានហោះចេញពីមូលដ្ឋានទ័ពអាកាស និងអាកាសយានដ្ឋានតូចៗផ្សេងៗនៅទូទាំងប្រទេសកម្ពុជា ដោយខ្លះមានដឹកផ្ទុកជនស៊ីវិលមួយចំនួនតូចឆ្ពោះទៅកាន់ទីទួលសុវត្ថិភាពនៅក្នុងប្រទេសថៃ។<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/waf/aa-eastasia/cambodia/cam-af-history2.htm|title=Cambodia: Khmer Air Force History 1970–1975 (Part 2)|author=Jan Forsgren|access-date=18 June 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304113948/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/waf/aa-eastasia/cambodia/cam-af-history2.htm|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> ===១៧ មេសា=== [[File:Aerial reconnaissance view of the Monivong Bridge, Phnom Penh 17 April 1975.jpg|thumb|right|រូបភាពផ្តិតពីលើអាកាសបង្ហាញពីស្ថានភាពនៅលើនិងក្បែរ[[ស្ពានព្រះមុនីវង្ស]], ១៧ មេសា ១៩៧៥]] ដោយសារសំណើសន្តិភាពមិនមានសត្រូវណាទទួលយក នោះនៅវេលាម៉ោង ០២:០០ រំលងអធ្រាត្រចូលថ្ងៃទី១៧ ខែមេសា គណៈរដ្ឋមន្ត្រីក៏បានព្រមព្រៀងគ្នាថានឹងផ្លាស់ប្តូរទីស្ដីការគណៈរដ្ឋមន្ត្រី គណៈកម្មាធិការកំពូល និងសមាជិកសភាមួយចំនួនពីភ្នំពេញទៅភាគខាងជើងប្រទេសនៅទីរួម[[ខេត្តឧត្តរមានជ័យ]]តាមបណ្ដោយព្រំដែនប្រទេសថៃ ដោយនឹងបង្កើតចលនាតស៊ូប្រឆាំងខ្មែរក្រហមពីទីនោះ។ មធ្យោបាយនៅសល់តែមួយគត់ដើម្បីចាកចេញពីរដ្ឋធានីគឺតាមឧទ្ធម្ភាគចក្រ។​ នៅវេលាម៉ោង ០៤:០០ ទៀបភ្លឺ សមាជិករដ្ឋាភិបាលបានជួបជុំគ្នានៅសួនច្បារមុខ[[វត្តបទុមវតី|វត្តបទុមវត្តី]]ដើម្បីត្រៀមធ្វើការជម្លៀសខ្លួនចេញ ប៉ុន្តែគួរឱ្យអភ័ព្វ មិនមានឧទ្ធម្ភាគចក្របានបង្ហាញខ្លួនឡើយ។<ref name=Sak/>{{rp|១៦៨–៩}} ពេលថ្ងៃកំពុងរះពីលើជើងមេឃនៃទិសខាងកើត ពោលគឺនៅវេលាម៉ោង ០៥:៣០ ទៀបភ្លឺ សមាជិករដ្ឋាភិបាលបាននាំគ្នាវិលត្រឡប់ទៅគេហដ្ឋានរបស់លោកនាយករដ្ឋមន្ត្រីឡុង បូរ៉េត ហើយបានសម្រេចចិត្តថានឹងនៅស៊ូរហូតដល់ស្លាប់។​ ក្រោយម៉ោង ០៦:០០ ព្រឹក រដ្ឋមន្ត្រីក្រសួងឃោសនាការ លោកថោង លឹមហួងបាននាំយកសារទូរលេខមួយដែលទើបតែមកដល់ពីទីក្រុងប៉េកាំង ដោយមានជូនដំណឹងថា ការអំពាវនាវរកសន្តិភាពនោះត្រូវបានបដិសេធដោយព្រះនរោត្តម សីហនុ។ ជាមួយគ្នានេះដែរ រដ្ឋាភិបាលក្រៅស្រុករបស់ព្រះអង្គបានចុចឈ្មោះសមាជិកទាំងប្រាំពីររូបនៃគណៈកម្មាធិការកំពូលថាជាជនក្បត់ជាតិ បន្ថែមពីលើបុគ្គលទាំងប្រាំពីរនាក់ដែលបានឡើងកាន់អំណាចកាលពីឆ្នាំ១៩៧០។<ref name=Sak/>{{rp|១៦៨–៩}} ការបាញ់ប្រយុទ្ធតតាំងគ្នាបានបន្លឺចាប់តាំងពីវេលាម៉ោង ០៤:០០ ទៀបភ្លឺនៅភាគខាងជើងទីក្រុងភ្នំពេញ ជុំវិញស្ថានីយ៍ថាមពលធំ។ ពេលព្រឹកព្រលឹមឈានមកដល់ ការបាញ់ប្រយុទ្ធគ្នាបានរលត់ទៅវិញ នៅពេលដែលកងកម្លាំងសាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរបានដកថយតាមបណ្តោយមហាវិថីព្រះមុនីវង្សចូលមកក្នុងកណ្តាលក្រុង។<ref name=":0">{{cite book|last=Neveu|first=Roland|title=The Fall of Phnom Penh, 17 April 1975|publisher=Asia Horizons Books Co., Ltd|year=2015|isbn=978-6167277103}}</ref>{{rp|84}} ឧត្តមនាវីឯកវង្ស សារិនឌីបានធ្វើដំណើរវិលត្រឡប់ទៅកាន់មូលដ្ឋានទ័ពជើងទឹកវិញ ដែលកាលនុះកំពុងរងការវាយប្រហារពីពួកខ្មែរក្រហម។ ក្រោយមក លោកបានហៅទូរស័ព្ទមកលោកសាខន ដោយប្រាប់ថាមូលដ្ឋានទ័ពជើងទឹកបានកំពុងត្រូវឡោមព័ទ្ធ ហើយមិនយូរប៉ុន្មាននឹងត្រូវខ្មែរក្រហមវាយបែក។ នៅពេលដែលកងកម្លាំងខ្មែរក្រហមបានវាយចូលមកក្នុងប៉ុស្តិ៍បញ្ជាការទ័ពជើងទឹក លោកសារិនឌីក៏បានសម្រេចចិត្តធ្វើអត្តឃាតខ្លួនជាជាងឱ្យសត្រូវចាប់ខ្លួន។<ref name=Chhong>{{cite news|author=Chhang Song|title=The final hours of the Khmer Republic|url=https://www.khmertimeskh.com/55805/the-final-hours-of-the-khmer-republic/|publisher=Khmer Times|date=16 April 2015|access-date=18 June 2026}}</ref> គិតត្រឹមម៉ោង ០៨:០០ ព្រឹក សមាជិកគណៈរដ្ឋមន្ត្រី តំណាងរាស្ត្រ និងសមាជិកព្រឹទ្ធសភាដែលនៅសល់ទាំងប៉ុន្មានបានចាកចេញពីសម័យប្រជុំ ដោយបន្សល់ទុកតែលោកឡុង បូរ៉េត និងសាខន។ លោកឧត្តមសេនីយ៍ថាច់ រ៉េងបានព្យាយាមអង្វរពួកគាត់ឱ្យចាកចេញជាមួយលោក ព្រោះលោកនៅមានបញ្ជាការទាហាននៃកងកម្លាំងពិសេស និងឧទ្ធម្ភាគចក្រប្រភេទ អ៊ុយហះ-១ ចំនួនប្រាំពីរគ្រឿងនៅឯ[[ពហុកីឡដ្ឋានជាតិអូឡាំពិក|ពហុកីឡដ្ឋានអូឡាំពិក]]។ នៅវេលាម៉ោងប្រហែល ០៨:៣០ លោកសាខននិងក្រុមគ្រួសារលោកបានឡើងឧទ្ធម្ភាគចក្រមួយគ្រឿងហើយហោះហើរចេញ រួមជាមួយមេបញ្ជាការកងទ័ពអាកាសលោកអៀ ឈុង។ ទន្ទឹមនឹងនេះ លោកឡុង បូរ៉េតបានឡើងឧទ្ធម្ភាគចក្រមួយគ្រឿងទៀត ប៉ុន្តែវាត្រូវមានបញ្ហាមិនអាចហោះឡើងបាន។<ref name=Sak/>{{rp|១៦៩}}<ref>{{cite book|last=Conboy|first=Kenneth|title=FANK: A History of the Cambodian Armed Forces, 1970–1975|publisher=Equinox Publishing (Asia) Pte Ltd|year=2011|isbn=9789793780863|page=223}}</ref> ឧទ្ធម្ភាគចក្រចំនួនបួនគ្រឿងបានហោះចូល[[ក្រុងកំពង់ធំ]]ដើម្បីចាក់សាំង ដោយបានមកដល់នៅម៉ោង ០៩:៣០។ នៅកំពង់ធំ លោកសាខនបានទាក់ទងទៅភ្នំពេញតាមវិទ្យុ ដោយបានទទួលដំណឹងថា ខ្មែរក្រហមបានវាយចូលដល់ក្នុងទីបញ្ជាការដ្ឋានអគ្គសេនាធិការហើយ។ ឧត្តមសេនីយ៍ម៉ី ស៊ីចាន់បានថ្លែងសារទៅកាន់ប្រជាជាតិនិងយោធាជំនួសលោកសាខន ដោយសំណុំពរឱ្យលើកទង់សជាសញ្ញាសុំសន្តិភាព។ ឧទ្ធម្ភាគចក្ររបស់លោកសាខនបានចុះនៅឧត្តរមានជ័យនៅវេលាម៉ោង ១៣:៣០ រសៀល ខណៈដែលជោគវាសនានៃសាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរកំពុងខិតជិតចូលមកដល់ភ្លាមៗ។ ឱកាសបង្កើតរដ្ឋាភិបាលតស៊ូបានរលុតបាត់ទៅវិញ បន្ទាប់ពីក្រុមពួកមន្ត្រីដែលបានជួបជុំគ្នានោះបាននាំគ្នាសម្រេចចិត្តបន្តរត់និរទេសខ្លួនទៅប្រទេសថៃ។<ref name=Sak/>{{rp|១៦៩–៧០}} ទាហានខ្មែរក្រហមបានសម្រុកចូលរដ្ឋធានីភ្នំពេញពីទិសដៅជាច្រើនក្នុងពេលតែមួយ។ ទាហានមួយក្រុមបានដើរតម្រួតជាក្បួននៅរង្វង់មូលខាងជើងក្បែរស្ថានទូតបារាំង (បច្ចុប្បន្នរង្វង់មូលកួចកាណុង) ឆ្ពោះមកទិសខាងត្បូងតាមមហាវិថីព្រះមុនីវង្ស។<ref name="Swain" />{{rp|១៣២}}<ref name=":0" />{{rp|៥៧}} ក្រុមទាហានផ្សេងទៀតបានចូលតាមភាគខាងត្បូងនៃទីក្រុងតាមផ្លូវលេខ ២៧១ ដោយចេញពីផ្លូវលេខ ៤៣០ និង ៤៨៨ ជិតរង្វង់មូលផ្សារដើមថ្កូវ។<ref name="Chan">{{Cite book |last=Chan |first=Samoeun |title=Prisoners of Class |publisher=Mekong River Press |isbn=979-8-9891773-2-5 |edition=1st}}</ref>{{rp|១២-១៣}} ក្រុមទាហានមួយជួរទៀតបានបុកចូលក្រុងពីទិសខាងលិច ឆ្លងស្ពានស្ទឹងមានជ័យ តាមបណ្តោយ[[មហាវិថីសម្ដេចមុនីរ៉េត]]។<ref name="Chan" />{{rp|១៥}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Criddle |first=JoAn |title=To Destroy You Is No Loss |publisher=East/West Bridge |isbn=0-9632205-1-9 |edition=2nd}}</ref>{{rp|៤,១៥}} នៅកំឡុងពេលខ្មែរក្រហមបានដើរចូលរដ្ឋធានីនៅភាគខាងជើង ក្រុមពួកទាហាននិងនិស្សិតប្រដាប់អាវុធមួយក្រុមតូច ដែលត្រូវបានគេហៅថា [[ម៉ូណាស្យូ]] ("ចលនាជាតិ" ឬឡាតាំង MONATIO) ដឹកនាំដោយលោកហែម កេតដារា បានចេញដង្ហែក្បួនស្វាគមន៍ដំណើរពួកខ្មែរក្រហម។ ក្រុមម៉ូណាស្យូត្រូវបានផ្ដើមគំនិតបង្កើតឡើងដោយលន់ នល់ ក្នុងគោលបំណងបន្សាបខ្លួនចុះចូលក្នុងជួរខ្មែរក្រហម ដោយសង្ឃឹមថានឹងអាចឈានដល់ការរំលែកចែកអំណាចជាមួយខ្មែរក្រហម។ ដំបូងឡើយ ខ្មែរក្រហមមិនបង្ហាញអរិភាពអ្វីជាមួយក្រុមនេះទេ តែក្រោយៗមក ក្រុមសមាជិកម៉ូណាស្យូក៏ត្រូវបានខ្មែរក្រហមចាប់ប្រមូលយកទៅបាញ់សម្លាប់។<ref>{{cite book|last=Ponchaud|first=François|title=Cambodia Year Zero|publisher=Penguin Books|year=1979|isbn=978-0030403064|page=[https://archive.org/details/cambodiayearzero00ponc/page/17 17]|url=https://archive.org/details/cambodiayearzero00ponc/page/17}}</ref><ref name="Shawcross" />{{rp|365}}<ref name="Swain" />{{rp|១៣៦–៧}} ក្រោយពីបានចូលកាន់កាប់ទីក្រុង ទាហានខ្មែរក្រហមបានឈរជើងនៅតាមចំណុចផ្លូវប្រសព្វសំខាន់ៗ ដែលជាទីកន្លែងពួកគេចាំដកហូតប្រមូលគ្រឿងអាវុធពីទាហានសាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរ។<ref name="Shawcross" />{{rp|៣៦៥}} ទាហានសាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរទាំងប៉ុន្មានក្រោយមកត្រូវបានគេនាំទៅពហុកីឡដ្ឋានអូឡាំពិកដើម្បីបាញ់សម្លាប់ចោល។ ខ្មែរក្រហមបានធ្វើសន្និសីទសារព័ត៌មានមួយនៅក្រសួងឃោសនាការ ជាកន្លែងដែលអ្នកទោសមួយចំនួន រួមមានលោកលន់ ណុន និងលោកហែម កេតដារាកំពុងជាប់ខ្លួន។ មិនយូរប៉ុន្មាន រថយន្តមួយគ្រឿងដែលដឹកលោកឡុង បូរ៉េតបានធ្វើដំណើរមកដល់មុខក្រសួង ដែលត្រូវគេនាំរូបលោកមកផ្ដុំជាមួយអ្នកទោសទាំងប៉ុន្មាននាក់នោះ។<ref name="Swain" />{{rp|១៤៣–៤}} នៅពេលរសៀល ខ្មែរក្រហមបានចេញបញ្ជាប្រកាសឱ្យប្រជាជនជម្លៀសខ្លួនចេញពីទីក្រុងរយៈពេលបីថ្ងៃ ដោយក្នុងនោះ ខ្មែរក្រហមបានបណ្តេញជនបរទេស ក៏ដូចជាពលរដ្ឋស៊ីវិលកម្ពុជាចេញពី[[សណ្ឋាគារ ឡឺរ៉ូយ៉ាល់|សណ្ឋាគារឡឺភ្នំ]] ដែលគណៈកម្មាធិការអន្តរជាតិនៃកាកបាទក្រហមរកនឹងយកធ្វើជាតំបន់អព្យាក្រឹត។ មិនតែប៉ុណ្ណោះ ពួកខ្មែរក្រហមថែមទាំងបានជម្លៀសមនុស្សចេញពីរាល់គ្រប់មន្ទីរពេទ្យនៃរដ្ឋធានីភ្នំពេញផងដែរ ដោយអ្នករបួសនិងជំងឺប្រមាណ ២០,០០០ នាក់ ត្រូវបង្ខំខ្លួនងើប ឯខ្លះត្រូវលីសែងធ្វើដំណើរចេញទៅកាន់ទីជនបទប្រថុយស្លាប់។<ref name=Swain/>{{rp|១៤៥–៧}} ជនបរទេសប្រមាណ ៨០០ នាក់ និងជនស៊ីវិលកម្ពុជាប្រមាណ ៦០០ នាក់ទៀតបានរត់ចូលជ្រកកោននៅក្នុងស្ថានទូតបារាំង។<ref name=Shawcross/>{{rp|៣៦៦}} គិតមកដល់ត្រឹមពេលនេះ កម្លាំងយោធាខ្មែរក្រហមមានចំនួនត្រឹមតែ ៦៨,០០០ នាក់ប៉ុណ្ណោះ និងមានសមាជិកបក្សបន្ថែមចំនួន ១៤,០០០ នាក់ទៀត។ លោកស្រី[[អេលីហ្សាប៊ែត ប៊ែកឃើរ (អ្នកសារព័ត៌មាន)|អេលីហ្សាប៊ែត ប៊ែកឃើរ]]បានអះអាងថា ដោយខ្វះចំនួនកម្លាំងចាំបាច់ដើម្បីគ្រប់គ្រងកម្ពុជាទាំងមូលបែបនេះ ដូច្នេះការបណ្តេញប្រជាជនរបស់ខ្លួនចេញពីទីក្រុងភ្នំពេញ ទោះបីជាពួកគេមិនមានអាវុធតដៃវិញក៏ដោយ គឺជាយុទ្ធសាស្ត្រដ៏សំខាន់ដើម្បីឱ្យខ្មែរក្រហមអាចធានាការគ្រប់គ្រងរបស់ពួកគេលើផ្ទៃប្រទេសបាន។<ref name=Becker>{{cite book|last=Becker|first=Elizabeth|title=When the War was Over: Cambodia and the Khmer Rouge Revolution|publisher=PublicAffairs|year=1998|isbn=978-1891620003}}</ref>{{rp|១៦៥–៦}} លោក[[កុយ ធួន]] ដែលកាលនុះជាអនុបញ្ជាការទ័ព​រណសិរ្ស​ខ្មែរក្រហម បាន​រៀបចំបង្កើត "គណៈកម្មាធិការ​កម្ទេច​ខ្មាំងសត្រូវ" ឡើងនៅ​សណ្ឋាគារ​មនោរម្យ។ សកម្មភាពរបស់ក្រុមនេះដំបូងគឺបញ្ជាឱ្យប្រហារជីវិតលោក[[លន់ ណុន]] និងឥស្សរជនរដ្ឋាភិបាលចម្បងៗផ្សេងទៀតជាបន្ទាន់។ មន្ត្រីយោធានៃសាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរដែលបានចាប់ខ្លួន ត្រូវបានគេនាំយកទៅកាន់សណ្ឋាគារមនោរម្យដើម្បីសរសេរពីជីវប្រវត្តិ មុនពេលបន្តដឹកយកទៅកាន់ពហុកីឡដ្ឋានអូឡាំពិក ដើម្បីបាញ់ប្រហារជីវិតចោល។<ref name=Becker/>{{rp|១៩២–៣}} ==ព្រឹត្តិការណ៍ក្រោយៗ== នៅព្រឹកថ្ងៃទី១៨ ខែមេសា លោកសាខន និងសមាជិកអតីតរដ្ឋាភិបាលសាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរនៅសេសសល់ រួមទាំងមន្ត្រីយោធាមួយចំនួនបានឡើងយន្តហោះ សេ-១២៣ ដោយធ្វើការហោះហើរទៅព្រលានអ៊ូតាផាវនៅថៃ។<ref name=Sak/>{{rp|១៧០–១}} នៅថ្ងៃដដែរ ខ្មែរក្រហមបានបញ្ជាឱ្យជនជាតិខ្មែរទាំងអស់នៅក្នុងស្ថានទូតបារាំង លើកលែងតែស្ត្រីដែលមានជនជាតិបារាំងជាប្ដី ឱ្យចេញខ្លួនពីស្ថានទូតជាបន្ទាន់ ដោយគំរាមថាពួកគេនឹងប្រើកម្លាំងចូលកាន់កាប់ស្ថានទូតបើមិនអនុលោមតាម ហើយថាខ្មែរក្រហមគឺមិនព្រមទទួលស្គាល់សិទ្ធិជ្រកកោនអ្វីនោះទេ។ ក្នុងចំណោមអ្នកដែលត្រូវជម្លៀសចេញពីស្ថានទូតនោះគឺមានព្រះអង្គម្ចាស់[[ស៊ីសុវត្ថិ សិរីមតៈ]] ដែលជាបុគ្គលម្នាក់ក្នុងចំណោមក្រុមអ្នកផ្ដួចផ្ដើម[[រដ្ឋប្រហារកម្ពុជាឆ្នាំ១៩៧០|ធ្វើរដ្ឋប្រហារ]]ដកសម្ដេចនរោត្តម សីហនុពីអំណាចកាលពីឆ្នាំ១៩៧០ ហើយព្រះអង្គក៏ត្រូវជាបុគ្គលម្នាក់ផងដែរ ដែលត្រូវបានគេចុះបញ្ជីនៅក្នុងចំណោមជនអ្នកក្បាត់ជាតិដើមប្រាំពីរនាក់ដែលត្រូវប្រហារជីវិត។<ref name=Swain/>{{rp|១៥៦–៧}} ក្រៅពីនេះ អ្នកផ្សេងទៀតដែលត្រូវបានបង្ខំអូសទាញចេញពីស្ថានទូតដោយខ្មែរក្រហមរួមមានព្រះនាង[[ម៉ានីវណ្ណ ផានីវង្ស]] ដែលជាព្រះមហេសីមួយអង្គរបស់សីហនុ លោកឃី តាំងលីម រដ្ឋមន្ត្រីក្រសួងហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ និងលោកលឿង ណាល់ រដ្ឋមន្ត្រីក្រសួងសុខាភិបាល។ល។<ref>{{cite book|last=Bizot|first=François|title=The Gate|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf|year=2003|isbn=978-0375727238|page=166}}</ref> លោកឡុង បូរ៉េតត្រូវ​បាន​ខ្មែរក្រហមប្រហារ​ជីវិត​នៅ​ឯទីលានកីឡា ''Cercle Sportif'' (បច្ចុប្បន្នជា​ទីតាំង​នៃស្ថានទូត​អាមេរិក) នៅ​ថ្ងៃ​ទី ២១ ខែ​មេសា។ វិទ្យុខ្មែរក្រហមក្រោយមកបានរាយការណ៍ថា លោកត្រូវបានគេប្រហារដោយកាត់ក្បាល<ref name=Becker/>{{rp|១៦០,១៩៣}} ប៉ុន្តែរបាយការណ៍ផ្សេងទៀតបានបង្ហាញថា លោកនិងព្រះអង្គសិរីមតៈត្រូវបានគេបាញ់ប្រហារជីវិត រីឯប្រភពខ្លះទៀតថារូបគាត់ត្រូវបានគេបាញ់ចំតំបន់តម្រងនោម ហើយត្រូវបានទុកចោលឱ្យដេកហូរឈាមស្លាប់នៅទីនោះ<ref>{{cite book|last=Jackson|first=Karl|title=Cambodia, 1975–1978: Rendezvous with Death|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=1989|isbn= 978-0691078076 |page=184}}</ref> ខណៈដែលក្រុមគ្រួសារលោកត្រូវបានបាញ់សម្លាប់ដោយកាំភ្លើងយន្ត។<ref name=Chhong/> ប៉ុល ពតបានធ្វើដំណើរចូលមកដល់ទីក្រុងភ្នំពេញដ៏ស្ងាត់ជ្រងំនៅថ្ងៃទី ២៣ ខែមេសា។<ref name=Becker/>{{rp|១៦៤}} នៅថ្ងៃទី៣០ ខែមេសា អ្នកដែលនៅសេសសល់ក្នុងស្ថានទូតបារាំងទាំងប៉ុន្មានត្រូវបានគេនាំដឹកឡើងតាមឡានឆ្ពោះទៅកាន់ព្រំដែនថៃ ដោយបានទៅដល់នៅរយៈពេលបួនថ្ងៃក្រោយ។<ref name=Swain/>{{rp|១៦៤–៦}} ក្រោយទីក្រុងភ្នំពេញបានដួលរលំ របបសាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរក៏បានរសាត់ទៅដូចគ្នា ខណៈខ្មែរក្រហមបានយកឱកាសជ័យជម្នះខ្លួនទៅបន្តពង្រឹងអំណាចគ្រប់គ្រងរបស់ពួកគេលើផ្ទៃប្រទេសកម្ពុជា ដោយដំបូងបានប្តូរឈ្មោះប្រទេសជាសាមញ្ញថា [[កម្ពុជាប្រជាធិបតេយ្យ|កម្ពុជា]] រួចបានចាប់ផ្តើមអនុវត្តគោលការណ៍[[កសិសង្គមនិយម]]របស់គេ។ ជនដែលរកឃើញថាធ្លាប់បានគាំទ្ររបបសាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរនិងក្រុមអ្នកបណ្ឌិតបញ្ញវន្តផ្សេងៗត្រូវបានខ្មែរក្រហមចាប់សម្លាប់ចោល រីឯប្រជាពលរដ្ឋដែលធ្លាប់រស់នៅតាមទីប្រជុំជននានាត្រូវបានខ្មែរក្រហមបង្ខំឱ្យធ្វើការពលកម្មយ៉ាងសស្រាក់សស្រាំដាច់បាយក្រហាយទឹកនៅតាមវាលស្រែជនបទ ដោយមនុស្សជាច្រើនបានស្លាប់ដោយបាក់កម្លាំង ជំងឺអាពាធ និងកង្វះអាហារូបត្ថម្ភ។ អំពើព្រៃផ្សៃដែលខ្មែរក្រហមបានធ្វើលើប្រជាជនខ្មែរនេះត្រូវបានគេស្គាល់ថា [[អំពើប្រល័យពូជសាសន៍កម្ពុជា]] ដែលបានផ្ដាច់ជីវិតមនុស្សពី ១.៥ ទៅ ២ លាននាក់។<ref>{{cite journal|last=Heuveline|first=Patrick|title='Between One and Three Million': Towards the Demographic Reconstruction of a Decade of Cambodian History (1970–79)|journal=Population Studies|year=1998|volume=52|issue=1|doi=10.1080/0032472031000150176|pmid=11619945|jstor=2584763|pages=49–65}}</ref> ពួកខ្មែរក្រហមបានកាត់ផ្តាច់ទំនាក់ទំនងទាំងអស់ជាមួយពិភពខាងក្រៅ លើកលែងតែជាមួយប្រទេសដែលគាំទ្រខ្លួនមាន ចិន និងវៀតណាមខាងជើង។ បន្ទាប់ពី[[ការដួលរលំទីក្រុងសៃហ្គន|ទីក្រុងសៃហ្គនបានដួលរលំ]]នៅថ្ងៃទី៣០ ខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ១៩៧៥ ខ្មែរក្រហមបានទាមទារឱ្យ[[កងទ័ពប្រជាជនវៀតណាម]] (ក.ប.វ.ណ.) និងកងកម្លាំង[[វៀតកុង]]ទាំងអស់ចាកចេញពីតំបន់មូលដ្ឋានពួកគេនៅក្នុងទឹកដីប្រទេសកម្ពុជា ប៉ុន្តែកងទ័ពវៀតណាមបានបដិសេធមិនព្រមចាកចេញពីតំបន់មួយចំនួនឡើយដោយអះអាងថាជាទឹកដីកម្មសិទ្ធិរបស់វៀតណាម។ ក.ប.វ.ណ. ក៏បានចូលគ្រប់គ្រងដែនកោះដែលធ្លាប់ស្ថិតក្រោមវៀតណាមខាងត្បូងផងដែរ ក៏ដូចជាទឹកដីនិងកោះដទៃៗទៀតដែលស្ថិតក្នុងស្ថានការណ៍ប្រទាញប្រទង់គ្នារវាងវៀតណាម និងកម្ពុជា។<ref name=Becker/>{{rp|១៩៥}} ទាំងអស់នេះបាននាំឱ្យកើតការប៉ះទង្គិចគ្នាជាបន្តបន្ទាប់រវាងកម្ពុជានិងវៀតណាមនៅតាមបណ្ដាកោះជាច្រើនក្នុងខែឧសភា ឆ្នាំ១៩៧៥ និងការរឹបអូសនាវាបរទេសមួយគ្រឿងដោយខ្មែរក្រហម ដែលគេនិយមស្គាល់ថា [[ឧប្បត្តិហេតុម៉ាយ៉ាក្វេស]]។<ref name=Becker/>{{rp|១៩៥}} ការប៉ះទង្គិចរវាងខ្មែរក្រហម និងវៀតណាមបានបន្តអូសទាញរហូតដល់ខែសីហា ឆ្នាំ១៩៧៥។<ref name=Becker/>{{rp|១៩៨}} ទំនាក់ទំនងរវាងប្រទេសទាំងពីរក្រោយមកបានចុះធូរស្បើយបន្តិចដោយបន្តរហូតដល់ដើមឆ្នាំ១៩៧៧ នៅពេលដែល[[កងទ័ពបដិវត្តន៍កម្ពុជា]]ចាប់ផ្តើមវាយលុកចូលខេត្តវៀតណាមនៅតំបន់ព្រំដែន ដោយបានសម្លាប់ប្រជាជនស៊ីវិលវៀតណាមអស់រាប់រយនាក់។ សកម្មភាពនេះបានក្លាយជាកត្តាមួយជំរុញឱ្យផ្ទុះ[[សង្គ្រាមកម្ពុជា-វៀតណាម]]ឡើង ដែលចាប់ផ្តើមនៅក្នុងខែធ្នូ ឆ្នាំ១៩៧៨។<ref name=Becker/>{{rp|៣០៤}} ==មើលផងដែរ== *[[ការដួលរលំទីក្រុងសៃហ្គន]] ==ឯកសារយោង== {{reflist}} [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:សមរភូមិ និងប្រតិបត្តិការនៃសង្គ្រាមវៀតណាមក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៧៥]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:ទីក្រុងដែលបានកាន់កាប់]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រយោធាកម្ពុជា]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:កម្ពុជាក្នុងឆ្នាំ១៩៧៥]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:ភ្នំពេញក្នុងសតវត្សរ៍ទី២០]] e2xji0vrr1pfaleoa6xclovj2ae9yy3 0 53855 336915 336892 2026-06-24T06:16:28Z InternetArchiveBot 32568 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 336915 wikitext text/x-wiki '''វិថីខាវសាន''' ឬ '''វិថីខាវសារ''' គឺជាផ្លូវខ្លីមួយនៅកណ្តាល[[បាងកក]] [[ថៃ|ប្រទេសថៃ]] ។ វាមានប្រវែង ៤១០ ម៉ែត្រ (១,៣៥០ ហ្វីត) ហើយត្រូវបានសាងសង់ឡើងនៅឆ្នាំ ១៨៩២ ក្នុងសម័យ[[ចូឡាលង្ករណ៍|រាមាទី៥]] ។<ref name="aecnews">{{Cite web |title=Khao San Road |url=http://aecnews.net/khao-san-road/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124225127/http://aecnews.net/khao-san-road/ |archive-date=2015-11-24 |access-date=2016-12-11 |website=aecnews.net |publisher=Asia Pacific Daily |archivedate=2015-11-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124225127/http://aecnews.net/khao-san-road/ }}</ref> វាស្ថិតនៅក្នុងតំបន់[[បាងឡាំភូ]] ប្រហែល ១ គីឡូម៉ែត្រ (០.៦២ ម៉ាយ) ភាគខាងជើងនៃ[[ស្រុកព្រះនគរ]] [[ព្រះបរមមហារាជវាំង]] និង [[វត្តព្រះកែវ]] ។ [[ឯកសារ:Kohsan Road Bangkok.JPG|រូបភាពតូច|វិថីខាវសាន]] == ផ្ទៃក្នុង == [[ឯកសារ:2016_Bangkok,_Dystrykt_Phra_Nakhon,_Ulica_Khaosan_(10).jpg|រូបភាពតូច|វិថីខាវសាន នៅពេលថ្ងៃ (ឆ្នាំ ២០១៦)]] «ខាវសាន» បកប្រែថា «អង្ករកិន» ដែលបង្ហាញថា កាលពីអតីតកាល ផ្លូវនេះគឺជាទីផ្សារអង្ករដ៏សំខាន់មួយនៅទីក្រុងបាងកក។ <ref name="aecnews"/> ទោះជាយ៉ាងណាក៏ដោយ កំណត់ត្រាប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រចាប់ពីពេលដែលផ្លូវនេះត្រូវបានបញ្ចប់ការសាងសង់ជាលើកដំបូងក្នុងសម័យព្រះបាទរាមាទី៥ បង្ហាញថាគ្មានអ្នកស្រុកណាម្នាក់ចូលរួមក្នុងការជួញដូរអង្ករនៅពេលនោះទេ។ នេះបង្ហាញថា ការជួញដូរអង្ករនៅក្នុងតំបន់នេះទំនងជាបានចាប់ផ្តើមមុននេះ គឺនៅដើម [[អាណាចក្ររតនកោសិន្ទ្រ៍|សម័យរតនកោសិន្ទ្រ៍]] ក្នុងរាជ្យស្ដេច[[ព្រះចៅរាមាទី១|រាមាទី១]] និង[[រាមាទី ៣|រាមាទី៣។]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=[[Bangkok City Library]] |date=2024-11-10 |title=#liveสด งานเสวนาเขตคลองมองเมือง โดย ดร.รัชดา โชติพานิช #หอสมุดเมืองกรุงเทพมหานคร |url=https://www.facebook.com/bangkokcitylibrary/videos/483138824759914 |access-date=2024-11-13 |website=[[Facebook]] |language=thai}}</ref> ក្នុងរយៈពេល ៤០ ឆ្នាំចុងក្រោយនេះ វិថីខាវសាន បានអភិវឌ្ឍទៅជា «សង្កាត់ក្រីក្រ[[ដើរលេង (ធ្វើដំណើរ)|សម្រាប់អ្នកដើរលេង]] » ដ៏ល្បីល្បាញលើពិភពលោក។ <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Sørensen|first=Anders|date=2003-10-01|title=Backpacker ethnography|journal=Annals of Tourism Research|volume=30|issue=4|pages=847–867|doi=10.1016/S0160-7383(03)00063-X}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|title=The Global Nomad: Backpacker Travel in Theory and Practice|date=2004-01-01|isbn=9781873150764|language=en}}</ref> វាផ្តល់ជូននូវកន្លែងស្នាក់នៅថោកៗ ចាប់ពីសណ្ឋាគារបែប «ពូកក្នុងប្រអប់» រហូតដល់សណ្ឋាគារផ្កាយបីដែលមានតម្លៃសមរម្យ។ នៅក្នុងអត្ថបទមួយស្តីពីវប្បធម៌អ្នកដើរលេងនៅវិថីខាវសាន [[ស៊ូសាន អ័រលីន]] បានហៅវាថា «កន្លែងបាត់ខ្លួន»។ យោងតាមសមាគមពាណិជ្ជកម្មខាវសាន វិថីនេះមានភ្ញៀវទេសចរពី ៤០,០០០ ទៅ ៥០,០០០ នាក់ក្នុងមួយថ្ងៃនៅរដូវទេសចរណ៍ខ្ពស់ និង ២០,០០០ នាក់ក្នុងមួយថ្ងៃនៅរដូវទេសចរណ៍ទាប។ <ref name="BP-20190804">{{Cite news|last=Pongsupradit|first=Chayanit|last2=Kasemsuk|first2=Narumon|last3=Wancharoen|first3=Supoj|date=4 August 2019|title=Cleaning up Khao San|work=Bangkok Post|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/special-reports/1724247/cleaning-up-khao-san|access-date=4 August 2019}}</ref> អ្នកទស្សនានៅវិថីខាវសាន មានភាពចម្រុះ៖ <ref name=":0"/> {{Blockquote|text=នៅក្នុងតំបន់តូចមួយនេះ មនុស្សម្នាក់អាចសង្កេតឃើញអន្តរកម្ម និងក្រុមនៃតួអង្គផ្សេងៗគ្នា ដូចជាយុវជនលោកខាងលិចដែលមិនបានសិក្សា ដែលទទួលបានការឈប់សម្រាកពីសង្គមអ្នកមាន និស្សិតបញ្ចប់ការសិក្សាថ្នាក់វិទ្យាល័យដែលធ្វើដំណើរកម្សាន្តក្នុងឆ្នាំសម្រាក ជនជាតិអ៊ីស្រាអែលដែលទើបចេញពីការបម្រើយោធា និស្សិតសាកលវិទ្យាល័យដែលឈប់សម្រាកវិស្សមកាល យុវជនជប៉ុនស្លៀកពាក់តាមបែបប្រពៃណី អ្នកធ្វើដំណើរកម្សាន្តធម្មតា (អតីត) អ្នកស្ម័គ្រចិត្តមកពីអង្គការផ្សេងៗ និងអ្វីៗផ្សេងទៀត។|sign=Anders Sørensen|source=''Annals of Tourism Research''}} វាក៏ជាមូលដ្ឋានសម្រាប់ការធ្វើដំណើរផងដែរ៖ រថយន្តក្រុងចេញដំណើរជារៀងរាល់ថ្ងៃទៅកាន់ [[គោលដៅទេសចរណ៍]] សំខាន់ៗទាំងអស់នៅក្នុងប្រទេសថៃពី [[ឈៀងម៉ៃ]] នៅភាគខាងជើងរហូតដល់ [[កោះផាង៉ាន]] នៅភាគខាងត្បូង។ មាន [[ភ្នាក់ងារទេសចរណ៍]] ជាច្រើនដែលមានតម្លៃថោកសមរម្យ ដែលអាចរៀបចំ [[ទិដ្ឋាការ (ឯកសារ)|ទិដ្ឋាការ]] និងការដឹកជញ្ជូនទៅកាន់ប្រទេសជិតខាងដូចជា [[ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា|កម្ពុជា]] [[ឡាវ]] [[ម៉ាឡេស៊ី]] និង [[វៀតណាម]] ។ <ref name="CNN-20210129">{{Cite news|last=Cummings|first=Joe|date=29 January 2021|title=How Bangkok's Khao San Road evolved from a rice market into the world's most famous travel hub|work=CNN|url=https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/bangkok-khao-san-road-evolution/index.html|access-date=31 January 2021}}</ref> ហាង​នៅ​តាមវិថីខាវសាន លក់​សិប្បកម្ម គំនូរ សម្លៀកបំពាក់ ផ្លែឈើ​ក្នុងស្រុក [[ស៊ីឌី]] ឌីវីឌី ​គ្មាន​អាជ្ញាប័ណ្ណ អត្តសញ្ញាណប័ណ្ណ​ក្លែងក្លាយ​ជាច្រើន​ប្រភេទ សៀវភៅ​មួយ​ទឹក និង​របស់របរ​មានប្រយោជន៍​ផ្សេងទៀត​សម្រាប់​អ្នក​ដើរ​លេង​កាបូបស្ពាយ។ <ref>{{Cite news|title=Khao San Road Shopping - Where to Shop and What to Buy in Khao San Road|work=bangkok.com|url=http://www.bangkok.com/area-khao-san-road/shopping.htm|access-date=2016-12-11}}</ref> បន្ទាប់ពីងងឹត បារ​បើក តន្ត្រី​ត្រូវបាន​ចាក់ អ្នកលក់​អាហារ​លក់​សត្វល្អិត​អាំង និង​អាហារសម្រន់​កម្រ​ផ្សេងទៀត​សម្រាប់​អ្នកទេសចរ <ref>{{Cite news|title=Khao San Road - Backpackers' haven|work=Bangkok Post|type=Video|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/vdo/travel/441361/khao-san-road-backpackers-haven|access-date=2016-12-11}}</ref> និង​អ្នក​ផ្សព្វផ្សាយ ​[[ការសម្តែងប៉េងប៉ុង|កម្មវិធី​លេង​ប៉េងប៉ុង]] ។ <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-03-18 |title=Where Can I See Ping Pong Shows in Bangkok? - Update |url=https://foodfuntravel.com/can-see-ping-pong-shows-bangkok-update/ |access-date=2019-05-24 |website=Food Fun Travel Blog |language=en-US}}</ref> មាន ​[[កញ្ឆានៅថៃ|ហាង​លក់​កញ្ឆា]] ​ផងដែរ។ <ref>{{Cite news|last=Ratcliffe|first=Rebecca|date=10 July 2025|title=Haze of confusion in Thailand as government flips on cannabis law|work=The Guardian|location=UK|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jul/10/thailand-recreational-cannabis-ban-new-laws}}</ref> តំបន់នេះត្រូវបានគេស្គាល់ជាអន្តរជាតិថាជាមជ្ឈមណ្ឌលនៃការរាំ ពិធីជប់លៀង និងមុនពិធី [[សង្រ្កាន្ត (ថៃ)|បុណ្យចូលឆ្នាំប្រពៃណីថៃ]] ( [[សង្រ្កាន្ត (ថៃ)|សង្ក្រាន្ត]] ) នៅថ្ងៃទី ១៣-១៥ ខែមេសា ការលេងទឹកដែលជាធម្មតាប្រែទៅជាការប្រយុទ្ធទឹកដ៏ធំមួយ។ <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 April 2016 |title=Khao San Songkran shortened to 2 days to save water |url=http://bangkok.coconuts.co/2016/04/08/khao-san-songkran-shortened-2-days-save-water |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104203006/http://bangkok.coconuts.co/2016/04/08/khao-san-songkran-shortened-2-days-save-water |archive-date=4 November 2016 |website=Coconuts Bangkok}}</ref> អ្នកនិពន្ធថៃម្នាក់បានពិពណ៌នាអំពី វិថីខាវសាន ថាជា "...ផ្លូវខ្លីមួយដែលមានសុបិនវែងបំផុតនៅលើពិភពលោក"។ <ref>{{Cite web |title=Literal Backpacker's Mecca in Bangkok Khao San Road |url=http://www.th4u.com/khaosan_road.htm |access-date=2015-09-07 |website=Thailand for You}}</ref> វិថីខាវសាន បានក្លាយជាគំរូសម្រាប់ទីកន្លែងប្រារព្ធពិធីសង្ក្រាន្តទំនើបផ្សេងទៀត។ ជាលទ្ធផល ផ្លូវជាច្រើននៅតាមតំបន់ខេត្តនានាទូទាំងប្រទេសថៃត្រូវបានគេដាក់ឈ្មោះជាមួយបុព្វបទ "ខាវ" ដូចជាផ្លូវ ខាវឡាំ (" [[ក្រឡាន|បាយដំណើបក្នុងបំពង់ឫស្សី]] ") នៅ [[ខេត្តជលបុរី (ឆនបុរី)|ជលបុរី]], ផ្លូវ ខាវសុក ("ផ្លូវបាយឆ្អិន") នៅ [[ខេត្តអាងថង|អាងថង]] និងផ្លូវ ខាវភុន ("ផ្លូវ [[ខាណម ចីន]] ") នៅ [[នគរផាណម]] ។ នៅទូទាំងប្រទេស មានផ្លូវបែបនេះជាង 50។ <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-26 |title=เปิดรายชื่อ "ถนนตระกูลข้าว" มีมากกว่า 50 แห่ง อยู่ที่ไหนบ้าง ไม่ได้มีแค่ที่ ถ.ข้าวสาร กทม. |url=https://www.sanook.com/news/9880482/ |access-date=2026-04-14 |website=Sanook.com |language=thai}}</ref> វត្ត ​[[វត្តជនៈសង្គ្រាម|ជនៈ​សង្គ្រាម]] ​ដែល​មាន​អាយុកាល​រាប់​សតវត្ស​ ក្រោម​ការ​ឧបត្ថម្ភ​របស់​រាជវង្ស ស្ថិត​នៅ​ទល់មុខ​ផ្លូវ​ខាវសាន​នៅ​ខាងលិច ខណៈ​ដែល​តំបន់​នោះ​នៅ​ភាគ​ពាយ័ព្យ​មាន ​[[សាសនាអ៊ីស្លាមនៅថៃ|សហគមន៍​ឥស្លាម]] និង​វិហារ​ឥស្លាម​តូចៗ​ជាច្រើន។ <ref>{{Cite news|last=Mahavongtrakul|first=Melalin|date=2015-10-27|title=Bangkok's Islamic quarters|work=Bangkok Post|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/print/744768/|access-date=2016-12-11}}</ref> == ឯកសារយោង == [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:Articles containing Thai-language text]] tey7t7jyh57bq0a9bqe8is2ylfpzexh 0 53857 336909 336899 2026-06-24T00:54:15Z InternetArchiveBot 32568 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 336909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ប្រអប់ព័ត៌មាន កន្លែងប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ | name = ពេត្រា | image = {{multiple image|perrow = 2/1/3|border = infobox|total_width = 290 |image1 = Al_Deir_Petra.JPG |caption1 = [[អាដ ដេយ៍]] (អារាម) |image2 = Petra - 286630893.jpg |caption2 = [[សាលមហោស្រពពេត្រា]] |image3 = treasury petra crop.jpeg |caption3 = [[អាល់-ខាសណេ]] (រតនាគារ) |image4 = Jordan-18C-108.jpg |caption4 = [[កាស្សេ អាល់-ប៊ីន]] ប្រាសាទ |image5 = Urn Tomb, Petra 01.jpg |caption5 = ចេតិយក្អម |image6 = 31 Petra Monastery Trail - Magnificent Views in Petra - panoramio.jpg |caption6 = [[មហាប្រាសាទ (ពេត្រា) | មហាប្រាសាទ]] }} | location = [[ខេត្តម៉ាអាន]], [[ហ្ស៊កដានី]] | coordinates = {{coord|30|19|43|N|35|26|31|E|region:JO-MN_type:landmark|display=inline}} | map_relief = 1 | built = ប្រហែលជាដើមសតវត្សរ៍ទី ៥ មុនគ.ស.<ref>Browning, Iain (1973, 1982), ''Petra'', Chatto & Windus, London, p. 15, {{ISBN|0-7011-2622-1}}</ref> | elevation = {{convert|810|m|abbr=on|0}} | beginning_label = | beginning_date = | architect = | architecture = | area = {{convert|264|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Management of Petra|url=http://petranationaltrust.org/UI/ShowContent.aspx?ContentId=207|publisher=Petra National Trust|access-date=14 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419110653/http://petranationaltrust.org/UI/ShowContent.aspx?ContentId=207|archive-date=19 April 2015|url-status=dead|archivedate=19 មេសា 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419110653/http://petranationaltrust.org/UI/ShowContent.aspx?ContentId=207}}</ref> | visitors_num = ១,១៣៥,៣០០ នាក់ | visitors_year = ២០១៩ | governing_body = អាជ្ញាធរតំបន់ពេត្រា | native_name = 𐢛𐢚𐢓𐢈 }}'''ពេត្រា''' ដើមឡើយត្រូវបានគេស្គាល់ដោយប្រជាជនរបស់ខ្លួនថា '''រ៉ាក់មូ''' គឺជាទីក្រុងបុរាណ និងជាទីតាំងបុរាណវិទ្យានៅភាគខាងត្បូងប្រទេស[[ហ្សកដានី|ហ្ស៊កដានី]]។ ល្បីល្បាញដោយសារស្ថាបត្យកម្មដាប់លើថ្ម និងប្រព័ន្ធបង្ហូរទឹក ពេត្រាក៏ត្រូវបានគេហៅថា "ក្រុងផ្កាកុលាប" ដោយសារតែពណ៌នៃថ្មភក់ដែលវាត្រូវបានដាប់។ ទីក្រុងនេះគឺជាអច្ឆរិយៈថ្មីទាំង៧ របស់ពិភពលោក និងជាតំបន់បេតិកភណ្ឌពិភពលោករបស់អង្គការយូណេស្កូ។ តំបន់ជុំវិញក្រុងពេត្រា ត្រូវបានមនុស្សរស់នៅតាំងពីឆ្នាំ ៧០០០&nbsp;មុនគ.ស <ref name="PNF">{{Cite web |title=A Short History |url=http://www.petranationalfoundation.org/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204141534/http://www.petranationalfoundation.org/history.html |archive-date=4 December 2017 |access-date=13 February 2014 |publisher=Petra National Foundation |archivedate=4 ធ្នូ 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204141534/http://www.petranationalfoundation.org/history.html }}</ref> ហើយត្រូវបានតាំងទីលំនៅដោយពួក[[ណាបាតៀនស៍]] ដែលជាជនជាតិ[[អារ៉ាប់]] ដែលពនេចរ នៅក្នុងសតវត្សទី៤ មុនគ.ស។ ក្រោយមក ពេត្រាបានក្លាយជារាជធានីនៃ[[នគរណាបាតៀនស៍]] នៅក្នុងសតវត្សទី២ មុនគ.ស។ <ref name="PNF" /> <ref name="NGlost">{{Cite news|last=Mati Milstein|title=Petra. The "Lost City" still has secrets to reveal: Thousands of years ago, the now-abandoned city of Petra was thriving.|work=National Geographic|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/archaeology/lost-city-petra/|url-status=dead|access-date=27 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220003644/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/archaeology/lost-city-petra/|archive-date=20 December 2019}}</ref> ពួកណាបាតៀនស៍បានវិនិយោគលើទីតាំងជិតរបស់ពេត្រាទៅនឹង[[ផ្លូវពាណិជ្ជកម្មគ្រឿងក្រអូប]] ដោយបង្កើតវាជាមជ្ឈមណ្ឌលពាណិជ្ជកម្មក្នុងតំបន់ដ៏សំខាន់ ដែលធ្វើឱ្យពួកគេទទួលបានប្រាក់ចំណូលយ៉ាងច្រើន។ <ref name="PNF" /> <ref>{{Cite book|title=The Nabatean Synthesis of Avraham Negev: A Critical Appraisal|year=1996|isbn=9781575060125|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2PWC98JLn7QC&pg=PA56|page=56|archive-date=14 June 2020}}</ref> ពួកណាបាតៀនស៍អាចរស់រានមានជីវិតពីវាលខ្សាច់បាន ដោយសារតែ [[ការប្រមូលផលទឹកភ្លៀង|ការប្រមូលទឹកភ្លៀង]] ប្រកបដោយប្រសិទ្ធភាព និង [[កសិកម្មវាលខ្សាច់|ការធ្វើស្រែចម្ការនៅវាលខ្សាច់]] ។ ទីក្រុងពេត្រាបានរីកចម្រើននៅក្នុងសតវត្សរ៍ទី ១ នៃគ.ស នៅពេលដែលរចនាសម្ព័ន្ធ[[អាល់ ខាសណេ]]របស់វា ដែលអាចជា[[ផ្នូរ]]របស់ស្តេចណាបាតៀនស៍ [[អារីតាសទី ៤ ភីឡូប៉ាទ្រីស|អារីតាសទី៦]] ត្រូវបានសាងសង់ ហើយចំនួនប្រជាជនរបស់ក្រុងបានកើនឡើងដល់កម្រិតប្រហែល ២០,០០០ នាក់។ <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2016 |title=Petra Lost and Found |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/archaeology-and-history/magazine/2016/01-02/petra/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408210210/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/archaeology-and-history/magazine/2016/01-02/petra/ |archive-date=8 April 2018 |access-date=8 April 2018 |website=National Geographic |archivedate=8 មេសា 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408210210/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/archaeology-and-history/magazine/2016/01-02/petra/ }}</ref> ទីក្រុងណាបាតៀនស៍បានធ្លាក់ទៅក្នុងកណ្ដាប់ដៃរបស់រ៉ូមនៅឆ្នាំ ១០៦ នៃគ.ស ដែលបានបញ្ចូល និងប្តូរឈ្មោះវាថា [[អារ៉ាប៊ី ពេត្រាអា]] ។ <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-09 |title=Petra lost and found |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/magazine/2016/01-02/petra/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806194914/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/magazine/2016/01-02/petra/ |archive-date=August 6, 2020 |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=History Magazine |language=en |archivedate=2020-08-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806194914/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/magazine/2016/01-02/petra/ }}</ref> សារៈសំខាន់របស់ទីក្រុងពេត្រាបានធ្លាក់ចុះ នៅពេលដែលផ្លូវពាណិជ្ជកម្មតាមសមុទ្របានលេចចេញឡើង ហើយបន្ទាប់ពី[[ការរញ្ជួយដីកាលីឡេឆ្នាំ ៣៦៣|ការរញ្ជួយដីនៅឆ្នាំ៣៦៣]] បានបំផ្លាញរចនាសម្ព័ន្ធជាច្រើន។ នៅក្នុង [[ចក្រភពប៊ីហ្សីនទីន|សម័យប៊ីហ្សីនទីន]] ព្រះវិហារគ្រិស្តសាសនាជាច្រើនត្រូវបានសាងសង់ ប៉ុន្តែទីក្រុងនេះបានបន្តធ្លាក់ចុះ ហើយនៅដើមសម័យអ៊ីស្លាម វាត្រូវបានគេបោះបង់ចោលលើកលែងតែអ្នកពនេចរមួយចំនួនតូចប៉ុណ្ណោះ។ វានៅតែមិនស្គាល់ចំពោះពិភពលោកខាងលិចរហូតដល់ឆ្នាំ ១៨១២ នៅពេលដែលអ្នកធ្វើដំណើរជនជាតិស្វីស [[យ៉ូហាន លុដវីគ ប៊ើកហាដ]] បានរកឃើញវាឡើងវិញ។ <ref>{{Cite news|last=Glueck|first=Grace|date=17 October 2003|title=ART REVIEW; Rose-Red City Carved From the Rock|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/17/arts/art-review-rose-red-city-carved-from-the-rock.html|url-status=live|access-date=29 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228165453/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/17/arts/art-review-rose-red-city-carved-from-the-rock.html|archive-date=28 December 2017}}</ref> អង្គការយូណេស្កូបានពិពណ៌នាទីក្រុងពេត្រាថាជា "សម្បត្តិវប្បធម៌ដ៏មានតម្លៃបំផុតមួយរបស់បេតិកភណ្ឌវប្បធម៌របស់មនុស្សជាតិ"។ <ref>{{Cite web |title=UNESCO advisory body evaluation |url=https://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/326.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113042025/http://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/326.pdf |archive-date=2012-01-13 |access-date=2011-12-05}}</ref> ទីក្រុងពេត្រាគឺជានិមិត្តរូបនៃប្រទេសហ្ស៊កដានី ក៏ដូចជាជាកន្លែងទាក់ទាញភ្ញៀវទេសចរដែលមានអ្នកទស្សនាច្រើនបំផុតរបស់ប្រទេសហ្ស៊កដានី។ ចំនួនភ្ញៀវទេសចរឈានដល់ជិតមួយលាននាក់ជារៀងរាល់ឆ្នាំ។ <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2023 |title=Petra welcomed 905,000 visitors in 2022 |url=https://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/petra-welcomed-905000-visitors-2022-%E2%80%94-pdtra |access-date=3 January 2023 |website=The Jordan Times}}</ref> == ឯកសារយោង == sj6an7j685ampo6dpwvhbq8asm4px3y 2 53858 336905 2026-06-23T17:43:39Z Realphanbora 51721 == About me == My name is Phan Bora. I am a digital service provider based in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. I work in social media support, page management, content-related assistance, and online platform support. My work focuses on helping individuals and businesses manage their online presence across digital platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok. I am interested in technology, social media systems, online branding, digital tools, and practical solutions for platform-related issues. This 336905 wikitext text/x-wiki == About me == My name is Phan Bora. I am a digital service provider based in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. I work in social media support, page management, content-related assistance, and online platform support. My work focuses on helping individuals and businesses manage their online presence more effectively across digital platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok. I am interested in technology, social media systems, online branding, digital tools, and practical solutions for platform-related issues. I use this page to provide basic information about myself and my public online profiles. == Professional interests == * Social media support * Page and account management * Digital service assistance * Online platform support * Content management * Technology and automation tools * Digital branding and online presence == Location == Phnom Penh, Cambodia == Public profiles == * Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/therealphanbora * Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Phanbora.2390 * TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@realphanbora i00fp9n2prqyesph7lg57b817gii8cg 3 53859 336906 2026-06-23T17:55:44Z Realphanbora 51721 /* Create user page for Phan Bora */ ផ្នែកថ្មី 336906 wikitext text/x-wiki == Create user page for Phan Bora == Created a user page for Phan Bora with basic professional information, location, professional interests, and public social media profiles. The page includes a neutral summary about digital service work, social media support, page management, online platform support, content management, and technology-related interests. Public profile links include Instagram, Facebook, and TikTok. [[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:Realphanbora|Realphanbora]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:Realphanbora|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង១៧:៥៥ ថ្ងៃអង្គារ ទី២៣ ខែមិថុនា ឆ្នាំ២០២៦ (UTC) m5ftejw4mu89h4h37lijs9yg14mhe9n 336907 336906 2026-06-23T17:57:39Z Realphanbora 51721 Added neutral professional profile information and public social media links. 336907 wikitext text/x-wiki == About me == My name is Phan Bora. I am a digital service provider based in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. My work focuses on social media support, page management, online platform assistance, content management, and digital service-related solutions. I am interested in technology, online platforms, social media systems, digital branding, automation tools, and practical solutions for managing an online presence. This user page is intended to provide neutral background information about my professional interests and public online profiles. == Professional interests == * Social media support * Page and account management * Online platform support * Digital service assistance * Content management * Digital branding * Technology and automation tools == Location == Phnom Penh, Cambodia == Public profiles == * Instagram: [https://www.instagram.com/therealphanbora therealphanbora] * Facebook: [https://www.facebook.com/Phanbora.2390 Phan Bora] * TikTok: [https://www.tiktok.com/@realphanbora @realphanbora] 6ic0cl6kkxmf61khyxw93s9f04oz6vd 1 53860 336910 2026-06-24T02:29:05Z ~2026-36370-06 51726 /* តើអ្នកមានតារាងបញ្ចីឈ្មោះវិទ្យាល័យទាំងអស់ក្នុងខេត្តពោធីសាត់ទេ */ ផ្នែកថ្មី 336910 wikitext text/x-wiki == តើអ្នកមានតារាងបញ្ចីឈ្មោះវិទ្យាល័យទាំងអស់ក្នុងខេត្តពោធីសាត់ទេ == list down pls [[ពិសេស:ការរួមចំណែក/&#126;2026-36370-06|&#126;2026-36370-06]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:&#126;2026-36370-06|ពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង០២:២៩ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី២៤ ខែមិថុនា ឆ្នាំ២០២៦ (UTC) gy77s3egvgpk2zeghz5pvpvrh372iby 1 53861 336911 2026-06-24T03:12:43Z Serey Youk Kim 14760 /* Brama */ ផ្នែកថ្មី 336911 wikitext text/x-wiki == Brama == talking a message above [[អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:Serey Youk Kim|Serey Youk Kim]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:Serey Youk Kim|ការពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង០៣:១២ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី២៤ ខែមិថុនា ឆ្នាំ២០២៦ (UTC) he5p4b16gxzitsxavsfugo58u7igh3w 10 53862 336913 2026-06-24T03:42:04Z TheRandomGoober 27248 បានបង្កើតទំព័រដែលផ្ដើមដោយ {{Sidebar | name = បំណែងចែករដ្ឋបាលនៃវៀតណាម |width = auto |wraplinks = true | pretitle = | title = [[បំណែងចែកវៀតណាម|អង្គភាពរដ្ឋបាល<br>នៃវៀតណាម]] | image = [[File:Oversimplified Vietnam location map.svg|100px|class=skin-invert]] | headingstyle = background:#cbdcff; | contentstyle = |contentclass = pl... 336913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Sidebar | name = បំណែងចែករដ្ឋបាលនៃវៀតណាម |width = auto |wraplinks = true | pretitle = | title = [[បំណែងចែកវៀតណាម|អង្គភាពរដ្ឋបាល<br>នៃវៀតណាម]] | image = [[File:Oversimplified Vietnam location map.svg|100px|class=skin-invert]] | headingstyle = background:#cbdcff; | contentstyle = |contentclass = plainlist | above = | heading1 = ថ្នាក់ខេត្ត | content1 = *[[បញ្ជីរាយទីប្រជុំជននៅវៀតណាម|ក្រុង]] *[[ខេត្តនៃវៀតណាម|ខេត្ត]] | heading2 = [[បំណែងចែករដ្ឋបាលថ្នាក់ស្រុក (វៀតណាម)|ថ្នាក់ស្រុក]] | content2 = *[[សង្កាត់ (វៀតណាម)|សង្កាត់]] *[[ស្រុក (វៀតណាម)|ស្រុក]] *[[តំបន់ពិសេស (វៀតណាម)|តំបន់ពិសេស]] | below = [[File:Flag of Vietnam.svg|45px]] }}<noinclude> {{DEFAULTSORT:Vietnam}} [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:ទំព័រគំរូបំណែងចែកវៀតណាម| ]] [[ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:ទំព័រគំរូរបាចំហៀងបំណែងចែករដ្ឋបាលតាមប្រទេស]] </noinclude> eewuk4w3vbe8vukwoza43gcv4f5x8oa 1 53863 336917 2026-06-24T10:24:34Z ~2026-36426-45 51730 /* 0962766335 */ ផ្នែកថ្មី 336917 wikitext text/x-wiki == 0962766335 == 6670 [[ពិសេស:ការរួមចំណែក/&#126;2026-36426-45|&#126;2026-36426-45]] ([[ការពិភាក្សារបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់:&#126;2026-36426-45|ពិភាក្សា]]) ម៉ោង១០:២៤ ថ្ងៃពុធ ទី២៤ ខែមិថុនា ឆ្នាំ២០២៦ (UTC) 0107lull1fex236du4poq98ucqq4gqd