Wikipiidia kuswiki https://kus.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zug_lakir MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.4 first-letter Miidia Lakir kanɛ bɛ di kɔn Sɔnsʋg zin'ig Tʋmtʋm Tʋmtʋm sɔnsʋg zin'ig Wikipiidia Wikipiidia sɔnsʋg zin'ig Faal Faal sɔnsʋg zin'ig MiidiaWiki MiidiaWiki sɔnsʋg zin'ig Tɛmpilet Tɛmpilet sɔnsʋg zin'ig Sʋŋir zin'ig Sʋŋir sɔnsʋg zin'ig Bɛn Bɛn sɔnsʋg zin'ig TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 3 1718 18245 18144 2026-06-03T02:09:17Z MediaWiki message delivery 582 /* Final Reminder: Submission of Local Winners for Feminism and Folklore 2026 */ new section 18245 wikitext text/x-wiki == Welcome! == Congratulations on the creation of Kʋsaal Wikipedia! However, this Wikipedia needs your help to get started; * Please check that '''all pages are imported''' from Wikimedia incubator. * Please check that there are no other problems with the wiki settings. Of course, statistics will not work properly now. Or, some features of the visual editor may not work. This usually resolves automatically within 2 weeks. Thank you for your efforts, and congratulations once again. I look forward to your cooperation :D --[[User:Sotiale|Sotiale]] ([[User talk:Sotiale|pian'am]]) 15:20, 14 Sigsaa/Nwadisayuobʋ 2024 (GMT) == Feminism and Folklore 2025: Important Updates for Organizers & Jury == Hello Community Organizers and Jury, Thank you for organising Feminism and Folklore writing competition on your wiki. Feminism and Folklore is the largest Wikipedia contest organized by community members. We congratulate you in joining and celebrating our cultural heritage and promoting gender equality on Wikipedia. To encourage boost for the contributions of the participants, we're offering prizes for Feminism and Folklore local prizes. Each Wikipedia will have three local winners: # First Prize: $25 USD # Second Prize: $20 USD # Best Jury Article: $15 USD All this will be in '''gift voucher format only'''. Prizes will only be given to users who have more than 5 accepted articles. No prizes will be given for users winning below 5 accepted articles. Kindly inform your local community regarding these prizes and post them on the local project page The Best Jury Article will be chosen by the jury based on how unique the article is aligned with the theme. The jury will review all submissions and decide the winner together, making sure it's fair. These articles will also be featured on our social media handles. We're also providing internet and childcare support to the first 75 organizers and Jury members for those who request for it. Remember, only 75 organizers will get this support, and it's given on a first-come, first-served basis. The registration form will close after 75 registrations, and the deadline is <nowiki>'''</nowiki>March 5, 2025<nowiki>'''</nowiki>. This support is optional and not compulsory, so if you're interested, fill out the [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeum8md6FqHY1ISWRLW5bqOAv_lcd1tpVtMMZfWKRDU_IffLQ/viewform?usp=dialog Form] Each organizer/jury who gets support will receive $40 USD in gift voucher format, even if they're involved in more than one wiki. No dual support will be provided if you have signed up in more than one language. This support is meant to appreciate your volunteer support for the contest. We also invite all organizers and jury members to join us for Advocacy session on '''Saturday, Feb 28, 2025'''. This session will help you understand the jury process for both contests and give you a chance to ask questions. More details are on [[meta:Event:Telling untold stories: How to document gendered narratives in Folklore on Wikipedia|Event:Telling untold stories: How to document gendered narratives in Folklore on Wikipedia - Meta]] Let's celebrate our different cultures and work towards gender equality on Wikipedia! Best regards, Stella and Tiven Wiki loves folklore international team [[User:SAgbley|SAgbley]] ([[User talk:SAgbley|talk]]) 04:39, 25 February 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/Community_Prizes&oldid=28309519 --> == Invitation to Organise Feminism and Folklore 2026 == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"><em>{{int:please-translate}}</em></div> Dear {{PAGENAME}}, Hope you’re doing well. I’m reaching out with some exciting updates about '''[[m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]'''. Thanks to the amazing support from organizers like you, the campaign has grown into one of the biggest and most collaborative initiatives in the entire Wikimedia movement. Your efforts have played a huge part in that, and we’re truly grateful. We’re hoping to make the 2026 edition even larger and even more community-driven. We’d be very happy to have you join again as an organizer. The sign-up process is simple this year: #Create your local event page (you can copy from the [[:m:Feminism_and_Folklore/Sample|sample]]) #Set up your Fountain or [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/campwiz/ CampWiz] campaign. #Add your campaign link to the 2026 '''[[:m:Feminism_and_Folklore_2026/Project_Page|registration list]]''' The focus of the campaign remains the same - creating or expanding Wikipedia content on feminism, women’s issues, gender topics, and diverse folk traditions from around the world. International and local prizes will continue as before. '''Special Prize for 2026:''' Every participant will receive a Wikipedia 25 digital postcard as a token of appreciation for contributing to the global movement during Wikipedia’s 25th anniversary year. This will be sent to all contributors who take part in the campaign. We’re also adding an optional one-time internet and childcare support for organizers who may need extra assistance to carry out their local campaign. This is entirely optional and meant to help those who might otherwise face challenges in organizing. More details will be shared soon. If you’re unable to organize this year, no worries at all - please feel free to share the invitation with others in your community who might be interested. If you have any questions or would like to discuss plans, you can reach us on the [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026|talk page]] or by email. Looking forward to collaborating again, '''Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' --[[Tʋmtʋm:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Tʋmtʋm sɔnsʋg zin'ig:MediaWiki message delivery|pian'am]]) 18:18, 12 Samanpiid/Nwadispii nɛ atan 2025 (GMT) </div></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf25&oldid=29792058 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge; padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="padding: 1em 2em;"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear {{BASEPAGENAME}}, We are pleased to invite you to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and women. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support *For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. * Join the office hours on 23 January 2026 and connect with the international Team. ([[:m:Event:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 Office Hours|sign up now]]) If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp;[[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[Tʋmtʋm:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Tʋmtʋm sɔnsʋg zin'ig:MediaWiki message delivery|pian'am]]) 16:31, 18 Yʋʋmpaal/Nwadisayi 2026 (GMT) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf25&oldid=29949330 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 – Community Organisers & Jury == Hello {{PAGENAME}}!, Thank you for taking the lead in organising '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' in your community. We truly appreciate your efforts! To ensure a smooth and successful campaign, please make sure you have: * Fully completed all details on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Feminism and Folklore 2026 Project Page]]: * Started promoting the campaign within your community. * Requested a local administrator to place a '''sitenotice''' about the campaign so users are notified. * Used the '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/fnf/ Article List Generator Tool]''' and shared the generated article lists with your community. === Internet & Childcare Support === Community organisers and jury members who require '''internet and childcare support''' (non-mandatory, opt-in, request-only support) should fill the support request form '''by 22 February 2026'''. '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeutXEF1yTnJfExWUYPIf6SkhcnTgul07BeI-biqT4RE_vsrA/viewform Link to the form]''' Requests submitted after this date will not be entertained. === Important Participation Guidelines === * Minimum article size: '''3000 bytes and 300 words''' (final decision may be set by local organisers). * If your country is not listed on the Article list generator tool, please contact us. === Community Engagement === * Keep your community active and motivated throughout the campaign. * Share your achievements and notable articles with us so we can highlight them globally. * In the support form, please indicate if you would like a '''quick coordination call after the campaign'''. Let’s make '''Feminism and Folklore''', under the banner of '''#WeTogether''', help bridge the '''gender gap''' and '''folklore gap''' on Wikipedia worldwide. 🌍✊ Thank you for your collaboration! ''If someone from your community organisers or jury has missed this message feel free to share this message with them.'' Feminism and Folklore International Team. –[[Tʋmtʋm:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Tʋmtʋm sɔnsʋg zin'ig:MediaWiki message delivery|pian'am]]) 05:17, 16 Fulumfug/Nwadisatan' 2026 (GMT) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf26&oldid=30083330 --> == Hello == Hello Awinimi. Just getting in touch. [[Tʋmtʋm:Kwamikagami|Kwamikagami]] ([[Tʋmtʋm sɔnsʋg zin'ig:Kwamikagami|pian'am]]) 22:27, 12 Dɔnwalig/Nwadisanaasi 2026 (GMT) :Thank you for getting in touch. If you know me and has my personal number, kindly call me. :Thanks. [[Lakir kanɛ bɛ di kɔn:Contributions/&#126;2026-15896-32|&#126;2026-15896-32]] ([[Tʋmtʋm sɔnsʋg zin'ig:&#126;2026-15896-32|pian'am]]) 01:06, 13 Dɔnwalig/Nwadisanaasi 2026 (GMT) ::I don't. You just asked me to contact you. [[Tʋmtʋm:Kwamikagami|Kwamikagami]] ([[Tʋmtʋm sɔnsʋg zin'ig:Kwamikagami|pian'am]]) 01:09, 13 Dɔnwalig/Nwadisanaasi 2026 (GMT) :::Ok. Please, kindly introduce yourself to us. We noticed your contribution and we appreciate you for the efforts however, we don't know you. :::We would be grateful to know you. :::Thank you. [[Lakir kanɛ bɛ di kɔn:Contributions/&#126;2026-15896-32|&#126;2026-15896-32]] ([[Tʋmtʋm sɔnsʋg zin'ig:&#126;2026-15896-32|pian'am]]) 09:40, 13 Dɔnwalig/Nwadisanaasi 2026 (GMT) ::::I've edited at English WP for several years. I noticed that Kusaal started as a new WP, and took a look. I noticed that there was a problem with substitutions for some of the Kusaal alphabet. I don't know Kusaal, so I can't contribute anything of substance, but I can clean up obvious errors like that, and I had some free time. Hopefully I didn't make too many mistakes. [[Tʋmtʋm:Kwamikagami|Kwamikagami]] ([[Tʋmtʋm sɔnsʋg zin'ig:Kwamikagami|pian'am]]) 09:57, 13 Dɔnwalig/Nwadisanaasi 2026 (GMT) == Next Steps and Feedback meeting for Feminism and Folklore Organizers == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge; padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="padding: 1em 2em;"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> Dear Organizer, I hope this message finds you well. First and foremost, on behalf of the International Team I want to extend my gratitude to you for your efforts in organizing the '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' campaign on your local Wikipedia. Your contribution has been instrumental in bridging the gender and folk gap on Wikipedia, and we truly appreciate your dedication to this important cause. As the campaign has ended I wanted to inform you about the next steps. It's time to commence the jury process using the CampWiz or Fountain tool where your campaign was hosted. Please ensure that you update the details of the jury, campaign links and the names of organizers accurately on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|sign-up page]]. Once the jury process is completed, kindly update only the top 3 winners details on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Results|results page]] accordingly. The deadline for jury submission of results is '''April 30, 2026'''. However, if you find that the number of articles is high and you require more time, please don't hesitate to inform us via email or on campaign Meta Wiki talk page. We are more than willing to approve an extension if needed. Should you encounter any issues with the tools, please feel free to reach out to us on Telegram for assistance. Your feedback and progress updates are crucial for us to improve the campaign and better understand your community's insights. Therefore, we kindly ask you to spare just an hour to collectively share your progress and achievements with us during our '''[[:m:Event:Feminism and Folklore 2026 Post-Campaign Office Hour|community feedback session]]'''. Your input will greatly assist us in making the campaign more meaningful and impactful. Thank you once again for your hard work and dedication to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Your efforts are deeply appreciated, and we look forward to hearing from you soon. Warm regards, [[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]] on behalf of Feminism and Folklore International Team <nowiki>#WeTogether</nowiki> </div></div> --[[Tʋmtʋm:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Tʋmtʋm sɔnsʋg zin'ig:MediaWiki message delivery|pian'am]]) 11:57, 11 Vaala/Nwadisanu 2026 (GMT) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf26&oldid=30391231 --> == Final Reminder: Submission of Local Winners for Feminism and Folklore 2026 == Dear Feminism and Folklore organiser, This is a friendly reminder that the deadline for submitting the names and details of your local winners for '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' is '''5 June 2026'''. Please ensure that your community's [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Results|winner information]] is submitted before this date. Communities that do not provide their winner data by the deadline will unfortunately not be eligible for prize distribution, and the international organizing team will not be able to accommodate late submissions received after 5 June 2026. Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter and for your participation in the campaign. Best regards, '''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team''' --[[Tʋmtʋm:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Tʋmtʋm sɔnsʋg zin'ig:MediaWiki message delivery|pian'am]]) 02:09, 3 Sigir/Nwadisayɔpɔi 2026 (GMT) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&oldid=30627457 --> e32awojpuhifv6nqnhxxu2xnvwryda1 0 1967 18246 17269 2026-06-03T07:38:36Z NDG 875 RM x-wiki refspam 18246 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q259438}} '''Ki (/ˈmɪlɪts/)'''<ref>[https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/millethttps://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/millet "Definition of millet"]. ''Oxford Dictionaries''. Oxford University. Retrieved 21 July 2017.</ref> anɛ diib buudi kanɛ an' bunbʋta bɛɛ mɔ sieba biili. Ka ba taa kuodi ba dunia la gilli wʋʋ zʋʋd bɛɛ ka kpi'ema dinɛ ka nidib nɛ bʋnkɔn'ɔbid diti li. Ki nam bɛdigʋ bɛ buudi kanɛ ka buon ye Paniceae la. Ki anɛ nimʋa nɛ yɛlkpan bʋn Asia nɛ [[Africa yɛla|Africa]] sʋ'ʋlʋm wʋsa.Di kas kas anɛ India, Mali, Nigeria, nɛ Niger, kɔbiga pʋʋgʋn ba anɛ piswai nɛ ayɔpɔi di ya'a kɛn teŋ banɛ nyidigid nɛ ki  kuob.<ref>McDonough, Cassandrea M.; Rooney, Lloyd W.; Serna-Saldivar, Sergio O. (2000). "The Millets". ''Food Science and Technology: Handbook of Cereal Science and Technology''. '''99''' (2nd ed.). CRC Press: 177–210.</ref> Zʋʋd kaŋa sʋm anɛ ye fʋ ya'a bʋt di li, di pʋ yuugida ka  dʋad, ka mɛ pʋ lɛn zɔt nintaŋa.<ref name=":0">Cherfas, Jeremy (23 December 2015). [https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/12/23/460559052/millet-how-a-trendy-ancient-grain-turned-nomads-into-farmers "Millet: How A Trendy Ancient Grain Turned Nomads Into Farmers"]. ''National Public Radio''. The Salt. Retrieved 4 May 2018.</ref> Di yiti mɔri gbin nɛ ban yiti nɔki li pɛ'ɛs ki banɛ ka ba kuod paa la ni.<ref name=":1">''[https://web.archive.org/web/20150626140254/http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls BSBI List 2007]'' (xls). [[:en:Botanical_Society_of_Britain_and_Ireland|Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland]]. Archived from [https://bsbi.org/download/3542/https://bsbi.org/download/3542/ the original] (xls) on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Fʋ ya'a gɔs za' ki ka ba kuodi gat ki nam la wsa.<ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/W1808E/w1808e0l.htm "Annex II: Relative importance of millet species, 1992–94"]. ''The World Sorghum and Millet Economies: Facts, Trends and Outlook''. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 1996. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-5-103861-1|978-92-5-103861-1]]</bdi>.</ref>  wʋʋ dinɛ ka ba buon ye Finger millet, proso millet, nɛ foxtail millet la mɛ anɛ ki banɛ an' nimʋa  . Ninsaalib di ki wʋʋ yʋma  tusa ayɔpɔi 7,000 nɛ ka nan kpɛlim bɛ diibin . ka nan zanl yɛlkpan nidib bɛlimɛn ka mukid nɛ agrik ye ba bɔ ki zʋʋd paala pɛ'ɛs ka di sʋŋ tɛmis bɛdigʋ.<ref name=":0" /> == Din yi zin'isi{{'}}a na == Sɔb kanɛ an ki ka na{{'}}asaalin an ''millet'' la yinɛ [[Old French]] ''millet, millot'' ka Latin mɛ buon ''millium'', 'millet', lin yinɛ [[Proto-Indo-European]] buolig ''*mele-'', 'bugusug'.<ref>[https://www.etymonline.com/word/millet "millet (n.)"]. Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 3 January 2025.</ref> == Pa{{'}}alʋg == === Li nwaasim === Ki anɛ bi{{'}}elim banɛ an baanlig, ka ba kuod yʋʋm wʋsa, ka li si{{'}}akid tʋʋlʋg ka paas nɛ mɔɔd buudi ni. Ba tɔ{{'}}ɔn zi{{'}}enid wak nɛ sakuom bɛɛ tʋʋlʋg ka mɛ mɔr bʋnlinɛ maan ningbina li pʋʋgin wan wʋʋ li bi{{'}}elim taaba nɛ.<ref>Fahad, Shah; Bajwa, Ali A.; Nazir, Usm[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5489704 an; Anjum, Shakeel A.; Farooq, Ayesha; et al. (29 June 2017). "Crop Production under Drought and Heat Stress: Plant Responses and Management Options"]. ''Frontiers in Plant Science''. '''8''': 1147. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.01147|10.3389/fpls.2017.01147]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5489704 5489704]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28706531 28706531].</ref><ref>Patan, Shaik Sha Valli Khan; Vallepu, Suneetha; Shaik, Khader Basha; Shaik, Naseem; Adi Reddy, Nanja Reddy Yellodu; Terry, Randall G.; Sergeant, Kjell; Hausman, Jean François (2024). [https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00425-024-04427-w "Drought resistance strategies in minor millets: a review"]. ''Planta''. '''260''' (1). [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s00425-024-04427-w|10.1007/s00425-024-04427-w]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0032-0935 0032-0935].</ref> <gallery class=center mode=nolines widths="180" heights="180"> File:Finger millet 3 11-21-02.jpg|[[Eleusine coracana|Finger millet]] in the field File:Panicum miliaceum0.jpg|Ripe head of [[proso millet]] File:Millet In Kerala-3.jpg|[[Sprouting]] millet plants </gallery> '''Buudi labakuda''' Yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisyɔpɔi nɛ pisnu nɛ atan{{'}} ni (1753), Carl Linnaeus da pʋd ki kanɛ buon foxtail millet la ye ''Panicum italicum''. Yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisnii nɛ piinɛyi{{'}} ni (1812), Palisot de Beauvois da la{{'}}as buudi nam bɛdigʋ ka li kilim ''Setaria italica'' buudi.<ref name=":2">House, L. R. (1995). "Sorghum and millets: History, taxonomy, and distribution". In Dendy, David A.V. (ed.). ''[https://oar.icrisat.org/5486/1/Sorghum_&_Millets_Chemistry_and_Technology_1-9.pdf Sorghum and Millets: Chemistry and Technology]'' (PDF). St. Paul, Minnesota: American Association of Cereal Chemists. pp. 1–9.</ref> Otto Stapf da pʋdig Genus ''Pennisetum'' yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pistan{{'}} nɛ anaasi ni (1934) ka ba kilim ''penicillaria'', ka ban mɔr buudi pistan{{'}} nɛ ayi ka banɛ ka ba bʋd la paas, nɛ pʋdigir anaasi si{{'}}eba. Yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisyɔpɔi nɛ ayɔpɔi ni (1977), J. Brunken nɛ o zuanam da la{{'}}as mɔɔgin mɔɔg kanɛ buon ''P. violaceum'' ye li paas ''P. glaucum'' (pearl millet) buudi ni.<ref name=":2" /> Joseph Gaertner da da buol Finger millet ye ''Eleusine coracana'' yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisyɔpɔi nɛ pisnii nɛ anii ni (1788).<ref>[https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1079/cabicompendium.20674 "Eleusine coracana (finger millet)"]. CABI. 2019. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.20674|10.1079/cabicompendium.20674]]. Retrieved 3 January 2025.</ref> == Buudi tiakir == '''Lin ti{{'}}ak si{{'}}em''' Ki wannim anɛ soogum nɛ kawɛnna bɛ PACMAD clade mɔɔg buudi ni,<ref>Grass Phylogeny Working Group II (2012). "New grass phylogeny resolves deep evolutionary relationships and discovers C₄ origins". ''New Phytologist''. '''193''' (2): 304–312. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012NewPh.193..304. 2012NewPh.193..304]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03972.x|10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03972.x]]. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:2262/73271|2262/73271]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-646X 0028-646X]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22115274 22115274].</ref> ka lɛɛ pʋ wan bi{{'}}elim banɛ bɛ BOP clade buudi ni ka ba si{{'}}eba an wheat nɛ barley la.<ref>Escobar, Juan S; Scornavacca, Céline; Cenci, Alberto; Guilhaumon, Claire; Santoni, Sylvain; et al. (2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3142523 "Multigenic phylogeny and analysis of tree incongruences in Triticeae (Poaceae)"]. ''BMC Evolutionary Biology''. '''11''' (1): 181. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011BMCEE..11..181E 2011BMCEE..11..181E]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-181|10.1186/1471-2148-11-181]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3142523 3142523]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21702931 21702931].</ref> {| class="wikitable" | valign="bottom" |(banɛ paas Poaceae buudi ni) | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | valign="bottom" |BOP clade | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | valign="bottom" | | rowspan="2" |Bambusoideae (bamboos) |- | valign="top" | |- | valign="bottom" | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | valign="bottom" |Pooideae | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | valign="bottom" |Poeae | rowspan="2" |''Avena'' (oat), fescue, ryegrass |- | valign="top" | |- | valign="bottom" |Triticeae | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | valign="bottom" | | rowspan="2" |''Hordeum'' (barley) |- | valign="top" | |- | valign="bottom" | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | valign="bottom" | | rowspan="2" |''Triticum'' (wheat) |- | valign="top" | |- | valign="bottom" | | rowspan="2" |''Secale'' (rye) |- | valign="top" | |} |- | valign="top" | |} |- | valign="top" | |} |- | valign="top" | |- | valign="bottom" | | rowspan="2" |''Oryza'' ([[mui]]) |- | valign="top" | |} |- | valign="top" | |} |- | valign="top" | |- | valign="bottom" |PACMAD clade | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | valign="bottom" | | rowspan="2" |Aristidoideae |- | valign="top" | |- | valign="bottom" | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | valign="bottom" | | rowspan="2" |Panicoideae (most '''millets'''; sorghum; [[Kawɛnna|kawenna]]) |- | valign="top" | |- | valign="bottom" | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | valign="bottom" | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | valign="bottom" | | rowspan="2" |Chloridoideae ('''finger millet; teff''') |- | valign="top" | |- | valign="bottom" | | rowspan="2" |Danthonioideae |- | valign="top" | |} |- | valign="top" | |- | valign="bottom" | | rowspan="2" | {| class="wikitable" | valign="bottom" | | rowspan="2" |Arundinoideae |- | valign="top" | |- | valign="bottom" | | rowspan="2" |Micrairoideae |- | valign="top" | |} |- | valign="top" | |} |- | valign="top" | |} |- | valign="top" | |} |- | valign="top" | |} |- | valign="top" | |} Panicoideae pʋʋgin la, soogum (great millet<ref name=":1" />) paas nɛ ''Andropogoneae'' buudi ni, amaa ka pearl millet, proso, foxtail, fonio, little millet, sawa, Japanese barnyard millet nɛ kodo paas ''Paniceae'' buudi ni.<ref name=":3">Soreng, Robert J.; Peterson, Paul M.; Zuloaga, Fernando O.; Romaschenko, Konstantin; Clark, Lynn G.; et al. (2022). "A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) III: An update". ''Journal of Systematics and Evolution''. '''60''' (3): 476–521. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022JSyEv..60..476S 2022JSyEv..60..476S]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/jse.12847|10.1111/jse.12847]].</ref><ref>Morrone, Osvaldo; Aagesen, Lone; Scataglini, Maria A.; Salariato, Diego L.; Denham, Silvia S.; et al. (2012). "Phylogeny of the Paniceae (Poaceae: Panicoideae): integrating plastid DNA sequences and morphology into a new classification". ''Cladistics''. '''28''' (4): 333–356. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00384.x|10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00384.x]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34836451 34836451].</ref> Fʋ ya{{'}}a gɔs Chloridoideae pʋʋgin mɛn, finger millet paas nɛ ''Cynodonteae'' buudi ni, ka teff mɛ paas ''Eragrostideae'' buudi ni.<ref name=":3" /> '''Buudi la{{'}}asʋg''' Ki buudi nam banɛ bɛ la ka{{'}} yinnɛ. Ba wʋsa paas nɛ Poaceae yir dim ni (mɔɔg la), amaa ba buudi bɛ kɔn{{'}}ɔbkɔn{{'}}ɔb. ki banɛ ka ba kuod bɛdigʋ anɛ:<ref>Taylor, John R.N.; Duodu, Kwaku G., eds. (2019). ''[https://shop.elsevier.com/books/sorghum-and-millets/taylor/978-0-12-811527-5 Sorghum and Millets: Chemistry, Technology, and Nutritional Attributes]'' (2nd ed.). Elsevier. p. 3. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-811527-5|978-0-12-811527-5]]</bdi>.</ref> Eragrostideae buudi nɛ ba tʋŋ Chloridoideae: ·        ''Eleusine coracana'': Finger millet ·        ''Eragrostis tef'': Teff; ba pʋ gɔs ka lin an ki<ref name=":4">[https://web.archive.org/web/20181001231759/http://www.fao.org/docrep/T0818e/T0818E00.HTM "Sorghum and millet in human nutrition"]. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 1995. Archived from [http://www.fao.org/docrep/T0818E/T0818E00.htm the original] on 1 October 2018. Retrieved 7 January 2012.</ref> Paniceae buudi nɛ ba tʋŋ Panicoideae: ·        Genus ''Panicum'': ·        ''Panicum miliaceum'': Proso millet (common millet, broomcorn millet, hog millet, bɛɛ white millet, ka ba lɛm buon baragu bɛ Kannada, panivaragu linɛ bɛ Tamil buudi pian{{'}}ad ni) ·        ''Panicum sumatrense'': Little millet ·        ''Panicum hirticaule'': Sonoran millet, ka ba kuodi li bɛ American Southwest ·        ''Cenchrus americanus'': Pearl millet ·        ''Setaria italica'': Foxtail millet, Italian millet, panic<ref>''[https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?q=panic "panic"]. [[:en:Oxford_English_Dictionary|Oxford English Dictionary]]'' (Online ed.). [[:en:Oxford_University_Press|Oxford University Press]]. ([https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary Subscription or participating institution membership] required.) from classical Latin pānicum (or pānīcum) Italian millet.</ref> ·        Genus ''Digitaria'': ban tʋʋma pʋ zuoe<ref name=":4" /> ·        ''Digitaria exilis'': ka ba buon white fonio, fonio millet, nɛ hungry mui bɛɛ acha mui ·        ''Digitaria iburua'': Black fonio ·        ''Digitaria compacta'': Raishan, ka ba kuodi li bɛ Khasi Hills kʋkʋna linɛ bɛ northeast India ·        ''Digitaria sanguinalis'': Polish millet ·        Genus ''Echinochloa'': ba la{{'}}asi buon bama buudi la ye ''barnyard grasses'' bɛɛ ''barnyard millets'' ·        ''Echinochloa esculenta'': Japanese barnyard millet ·        ''Echinochloa frumentacea'': Indian barnyard millet ·        ''Echinochloa stagnina'': Burgu millet ·        ''Echinochloa crus-galli'': Common barnyard grass (bɛɛ cockspur grass) ·        ''Paspalum scrobiculatum'': Kodo millet ·        Genus Urochloa (formerly Brachiaria) ·        ''Urochloa deflexa'': Guinea millet ·        ''Urochloa ramosa'': Browntop millet, southern India<ref>[https://plants.usda.gov/plantguide/pdf/pg_urra.pdf "Browntop Millet"] (PDF). United States Department of Agriculture. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://plants.usda.gov/plantguide/pdf/pg_urra.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 1 April 2018.</ref><ref>Kingwell-Banham, Eleanor; Fuller, Dorian Q. (2014). [http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2318 "Brown Top Millet: Origins and Development"]. In Smith, Claire (ed.). ''Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology''. New York, NY: Springer New York. pp. 1021–1024. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2318|10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2318]]. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4419-0426-3|978-1-4419-0426-3]]</bdi>. Retrieved 15 January 2025.</ref> ·        ''Spodiopogon formosanus'': Taiwan oil millet, endemic to Taiwan<ref>Takei, Emiko (October 2013). ''[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267747587_Millet_Culture_and_Indigenous_Cuisine_in_Taiwan Millet Culture and Indigenous Cuisine in Taiwan]''. The 2013 International Conference on Chinese Food Culture, Kunming, Yunnan, China.</ref> Andropogoneae buudi nɛ ba tʋŋ Panicoideae: ·        ''Sorghum bicolor'': Soogum; ka ba gɔs ka li an bi{{'}}elim bʋnni li kɔn{{'}}, ba buoni li sansi{{'}}eba ye ''great millet'' ·        ''Coix lacryma-jobi'': Job's tears, ka ba lɛm buon adlay millet<ref name=":4" /> == Ban mɔri kul yin la nɛ nɔbigir/ widigir yɛla == Ki bʋdib dinni an bʋnbʋta dinni kʋdigid tɔ{{'}}ɔtɔ{{'}}ɔ nbɛ Asia ya{{'}}yaʋŋ ka li an nɛ lin zɔt sawaʋk la yɛla,<ref>Lu, H.; Zhang, J.; Liu, K. B.; Wu, N.; Li, Y.; et al. (2009). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2678631 "Earliest domestication of common millet (Panicum miliaceum) in East Asia extended to 10,000 years ago"]. ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America''. '''106''' (18): 7367–7372. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PNAS..106.7367L 2009PNAS..106.7367L]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.0900158106|10.1073/pnas.0900158106]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2678631 2678631]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19383791 19383791].</ref> ka linɛ kɛ ka li nyaŋi lalik zi{{'}}ik.<ref name=":5">Lawler, A. (2009). "Bridging East and West: Millet on the move". ''Science''. '''325''' (5943): 942–943. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1126/science.325_940|10.1126/science.325_940]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19696328 19696328].</ref> Asia ki kɔnbkɔnb si{{'}}ŋnɛ China kin paae kɔldaʋgsabilik kanɛ bɛ Europe Yʋma tʋsa anʋ (5000 BC).<ref name=":5" /> Ki da nnɔbigid tɔ{{'}}ɔtɔ{{'}} Greece 300 BC pin{{'}}nligin sa, ka container titada bani sʋ{{'}}ʋd ki da sin{{'}}ŋ nɛ Late Bronze Age be Macedonia ne Greece yadatiʋŋ.<ref>Nesbitt, Mark; Summers, Geoffrey (January 1988). [https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Records-of-millet-from-the-Ancient-Near-East-and-Greece_tbl1_234002850 "Some Recent Discoveries of Millet (Panicum miliaceum L. and Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.) at Excavations in Turkey and Iran"]. ''Anatolian Studies''. '''38''' (38): 85–97. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2307/3642844|10.2307/3642844]]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3642844 3642844]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:84670275 84670275]. Retrieved 25 February 2019.</ref> Hesiod da yel ye “ti{{'}}eŋ nɔbigi gilik ki, linɛ ka nidib bʋd waad saŋa”.<ref>Hesiod (September 2013). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=V9uungEACAAJ Hesiod, the Poems and Fragments, Done Into English Prose]''. Theclassics Us. pp. fragments S396–423. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-230-26344-1|978-1-230-26344-1]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>[https://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/1091#Hesiod_0606_290 "The Poems and Fragments | Online Library of Liberty"].</ref> Theophrastus da ye ki ani linɛ nwɛn wɔɔ wheat nɛ third century BC on Enquiry into Plants saŋa.<ref>Theophrastus; [[:en:Arthur_Hort|Arthur Hort]] (1916). ''[[iarchive:enquiryintoplant01theouoft/page/78|Enquiry into plants and minor works on odours and weather signs, with an English translation by Sir Arthur Hort, bart]]''.</ref> === Biim === Teebul la pa'annɛ biim kɔn'ɔb-kɔn'ɔb banɛ bɛ ki kansa buudi kɔn'ɔb-kɔn'ɔb ni, mak nɛ zuud sieba ni. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Nutrient content of raw millets compared to other grains (per 100g)<ref>Chattopadhyay, P. K. (2023). p. 536. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-81-969153-4-6|978-81-969153-4-6]]</bdi>. Retrieved 17 September 2023.</ref> !Crop !Protein (g) !Fibre (g) !Minerals (g) !Iron (mg) !Calcium (mg) |- |Sorghum |10 |4 |1.6 |2.6 |54 |- |Pearl millet |10.6 |1.3 |2.3 |16.9 |38 |- |Finger millet |7.3 |3.6 |2.7 |3.9 |344 |- |Foxtail millet |12.3 |8 |3.3 |2.8 |31 |- |Proso millet |12.5 |2.2 |1.9 |0.8 |14 |- |Kodo millet |8.3 |9 |2.6 |0.5 |27 |- |Little millet |7.7 |7.6 |1.5 |9.3 |17 |- |Barnyard millet |11.2 |10.1 |4.4 |15.2 |11 |- |Brown top millet |11.5 |12.5 |4.2 |0.65 |0.01 |- |Quinoa |14.1 |7 |* |4.6 |47 |- |Teff |13 |8 |0.85 |7.6 |180 |- |Fonio |11 |11.3 |5.31 |84.8 |18 |- |Mui |6.8 |0.2 |0.6 |0.7 |10 |- |Bɛliko |11.8 |1.2 |1.5 |5.3 |41 |} ==Gbanvɛɛnsa== [[Category:Diib ]] 89kgwyp1xk8tt3nprjoncifvgmag5se 0 2317 18244 2026-06-02T19:33:21Z Atimbilla Windol Monica 756 Created page with "Pian'ad bunwɛ'ɛda bɛɛ binnir anɛ lʋŋ si'aalʋŋ bunwe'da yit West Africa, kanɛ nɛ nyaŋi maal yit surrogacy sɛn regulating its ti'il nɛ rhyme ti mimic the vuud nɛ prosody of nisaalib pian'ad. ( 1) ( 2 ) Di mɔr bunwe'diib zukpɛɛm . Nɔɔr dik nɛ tiakir nɔɔr ti'il nɔɔr lʋŋ sɛn sɛnbnɛ nɛ loosening sɛn cords sʋʋgi ba piank nɛ niŋ.( 3 ) Percussion bunwɛ'ɛda si'aba yʋ'ʋda Dondo, Odondo, Tamanin, Luca Cappacio, Lunna, Donno, Kalangu, Dan..." 18244 wikitext text/x-wiki Pian'ad bunwɛ'ɛda bɛɛ binnir anɛ lʋŋ si'aalʋŋ bunwe'da yit West Africa, kanɛ nɛ nyaŋi maal yit surrogacy sɛn regulating its ti'il nɛ rhyme ti mimic the vuud nɛ prosody of nisaalib pian'ad. ( 1) ( 2 ) Di mɔr bunwe'diib zukpɛɛm . Nɔɔr dik nɛ tiakir nɔɔr ti'il nɔɔr lʋŋ sɛn sɛnbnɛ nɛ loosening sɛn cords sʋʋgi ba piank nɛ niŋ.( 3 ) Percussion bunwɛ'ɛda si'aba yʋ'ʋda Dondo, Odondo, Tamanin, Luca Cappacio, Lunna, Donno, Kalangu, Dan karbi, Igba, Doodo, Tama, Tamma, Gangan Classification Percussion Hornbostel–Sachs classification 211.242.11 (Individual double-gbaʋŋ hourglass-shaped lʋŋs, yinne gbaʋŋ nɛ nyaŋi nɔk maal di'ema ) Nɔbugʋd Antiquity Yoruba bunwɛ'ɛda nam: Ka kpi'el gie omele ako nɛ batá, Ka bam ma ayi la gie dùndúns. Gangan Batá Daad bʋligim ɛn pian'ad bunwɛ'ɛd nam. Originating yit the 18th century, pian'adi lʋŋ wɛ'ɛdib maan vuud ti yiisim lasbaad nam, ka ba anɛ labaar ɛn ceremonies nɛ nɔzi'elʋŋ nam, gaŋ 4–5-mile (6.4–8.0 km) laliim.[4] A kɛrib nwɛ'ɛdir nɛ nyaŋi mɔr phrases. Tita'am pian'adi lʋŋs vʋʋd wʋʋ nidib ti'e bɛ ka ban nɛ nwɛ'ɛd .[citation needed] Nwɛ'n hourglass-shaped lʋŋs an ɛɛnb bɛ Asia, amaa ban kai maan n ti mimic sɔnsidim la, la'an idakka anɛ maan n ti mimic vocal yʋɛmma.[5] Anu varieties of dùndún mugusʋg lʋŋs la ka Yoruba nɛ the atumpan nɛ fontomfrom la ka Asante (Ashanti) an kas-kas notable. Ba ta'as tɔlʋŋ agɔl ti lallim wʋʋ 20 miles (32 km), yaanɛ si'a nwɛ'ɛdiib nam la si'id ban, tɔ'ɔtɔ widigidlabaar la.[citation needed kg6wteyey6xirf6h68puu7fb7jatgxm