Wîkîferheng kuwiktionary https://ku.wiktionary.org/wiki/Destp%C3%AAk MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.4 case-sensitive Medya Taybet Gotûbêj Bikarhêner Gotûbêja bikarhêner Wîkîferheng Gotûbêja Wîkîferhengê Wêne Gotûbêja wêneyî MediaWiki Gotûbêja MediaWiki Şablon Gotûbêja şablonê Alîkarî Gotûbêja alîkariyê Kategorî Gotûbêja kategoriyê Pêvek Gotûbêja pêvekê Nimînok Gotûbêja nimînokê Portal Gotûbêja portalê Tewandin Gotûbêja tewandinê Jinûvesazî Gotûbêja jinûvesaziyê TimedText TimedText talk Modul Gotûbêja modulê Event Event talk şîn 0 3117 6236112 6235533 2026-05-27T01:25:56Z Ghybu 1393 /* Navdêr 1 */ 6236112 wikitext text/x-wiki {{bnr-h|-şîn-|şîn|sîn|sin|Sîn|siň|Sin|siŋ|sín}} == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-IPA}} * {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163 (kmr)-Key Mîrza-şîn.wav|Deng|Wan}} * {{ku-kîte}} === Rengdêr 1 === {{ku-tewîn-rd|şîn}} [[Wêne:Ship atrium small white sail.JPG|thumb|Derya û esmanekî '''şîn'''. (1)]] [[Wêne:A Green field in the countryside - geograph.org.uk - 193455.jpg|thumb|Zeviyekî '''şîn'''. (2)]] {{rengdêr|ku}} # {{f|ku|reng}} Rengê wek rengê [[esman]]î yan wek yê [[behr]]ê. {{reng|#0000FF}} #* {{jêder-kitêb|ku|jêgirtin=Qutikekî Lewîs ê '''şîn''' ê ku ji ber şuştinê rengê wî ber bi sipîbûnê diçe, lê bû.|nivîskar={{w|Mustafa Aydogan}}|sernav=Pêlên Bêrîkirinê|weşanxane=Nûdem|sal=1997|r=16}} #* {{jêder|ku|jêgirtin=Li cîhê ku zerya û esman bi hev re dibin yek, komên ewran çîlspî ne. Lê jorê, cîhê ku êdî ewr diqedin, esman bi rengê '''şîn''' xemiliye. Rengê spî xwe qulipandiye ser rengê '''şîn'''.|{{Jêgirtin/Mehmed Uzun/Bîra qederê/2002}}}} # {{f|ku|reng}} [[kesk|Kesk]]; ji bo tiştên [[tebîî]] wek: [[belg]], [[pîvaz]] û [[sêv]]. {{reng|#00C853}} #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Bi alfabeyên din ==== * {{ku-ar|شین}} ==== Hevmane ==== * {{g|ku|hişîn}}, {{g|ku|hêşîn}} ==== Jê ==== * [[şînayî]] ==== Etîmolojî ==== {{etymon|ku|id=şîn, kesk|inh|ira-pro>*axšáyHnah>?}} Herewsan {{q|ku|hêşîn}}, {{q|ku|hişîn}}, ji {{mîr|ira-pro|ku|*axšáyHnah|w=şîn; kesk}}. Hevrehî {{hv|ckb|شین}}, {{hv|fa|خشین|tr=xeşîn|w=gewr}}, {{hv|pal|tr=exşên|w=şîn(ê tarî)}}, {{hv|peo|𐎠𐎧𐏁𐎡𐎴|ts=axšainaʰ|w=fîroze}}, {{hv|ae|𐬀𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀}}. Bi {{hv|ira-pro|-}} ''"kesk"'' û ''"şîn"'' yek bû, û {{q|ku|kew}} a zimanên din ên kurdî ji {{mîr|ira-pro|ku|*kapáwtah}} hate dariştin. Cihêrrengiya navber van du bêjeyan dişê bibe ''şînê ron'' û ''şînê tarî''; tevî ''"şîn"'' bi ramana ''şînê tarî'' bûyî. {{q|ku|şînahî}}, {{q|ku|şînkatî}}, {{q|ku|şîn bûn}} û yên din ji vê bêjeyê dariştî ne bi mehneya xwe a kevn a ''kesk'', û lêvandina ''-ş'''ê'''n-'' ji ber bandora bêjeya {{q|ku|şên|w=şox, şeng}} e û zimanên din ên kurdî da xweya nabe. Peyvên wekhev ên zimanên slavî wek {{hv|ru|синий|w=şînê tarî}} yan jî zimanên uralî wek {{hv|fi|sini|t=şîn}} qer nîn in tevî wekheviya wan jî. Jê pê va neyeqîn e; şayed ji {{q|iir-pro|*akšám|w=cisneke gewheran, zaxa şîn}} (>{{hv|sa|अक्ष|tr=akṣá|w=zaxa şîn}}). ==== Bi zaravayên din ==== * {{Z|hac}}: {{W-|hac|kewe|sc=Latn}}, {{W-|hac|kewê|sc=Latn}} * {{Z|sdh}}: {{W-|sdh|kew|sc=Latn}} * {{Z|ckb}}: {{W-|ckb|شین|tr=şîn}}, {{W-|ckb|که‌وه‌|tr=kewe}}, {{W-|ckb|ئاوی|tr=awî}} * {{Z|zza}}: {{W-|zza|kewe}}, {{W-|zza|kiho}}, {{W-|zza|heşîn}}, {{W-|zza|hêşîn}} ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser|Rengê wek rengê esmanî yan wek yê behrê.}} * {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|blou}} * {{Z|sq}}: {{W-|sq|kaltërt}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Blau|nt}} * {{Z|an}}: {{W-|an|azul|n}} * {{Z|ast}}: {{W+|ast|azul|n}} * {{Z|az}}: {{W+|az|mavi}} * {{Z|eu}}: {{W+|eu|urdin}} * {{Z|be}}: {{W+|be|сі́ні}}, {{W-|be|блакі́тны}} * {{Z|br}}: {{W+|br|glas}} * {{Z|bg}}: {{W+|bg|син|sc=Cyrl}} * {{Z|my}}: {{W+|my|အပြာ|sc=Mymr}} * {{Z|ce}}: {{W-|ce|сийна}} * {{Z|cs}}: {{W+|cs|modř|m}} * {{Z|chr}}: {{W-|chr|ᏐᎪᏂᎨ|sc=Cher}} * {{Z|zh}}: *: {{Z|yue}}: {{W-|yue|藍色|sc=Hani}}, {{W-|yue|蓝色|tr=laam4 sik1|sc=Hani}} *: {{Z|cmn}}: {{W+|cmn|藍色}}, {{W+|cmn|蓝色|tr=lánsè}} * {{Z|ckt}}: {{W-|ckt|ныԓиԓиԓӄин|tr=nyḷiḷiḷqin}} * {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|blå}} * {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|biru}} * {{Z|ar}}: {{W+|ar|أَزْرَق}} *: {{Z|ary}}: {{W-|ary|زرق|tr=zraq}} * {{Z|hy}}: {{W+|hy|կապույտ}} * {{Z|eo}}: {{W-|eo|bluo}} * {{Z|et}}: {{W+|et|sinine}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|آبی|tr=âbi}} * {{Z|fo}}: {{W+|fo|bláur|n}}, {{W+|fo|blátt|nt}} * {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|sininen}} * {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|bleu|n}} * {{Z|fy}}: {{W+|fy|blau}} * {{Z|gd}}: {{W-|gd|gorm}} * {{Z|gl}}: {{W+|gl|azul|n}} * {{Z|sdn}}: {{W-|sdn|biaittu}} * {{Z|ka}}: {{W+|ka|ლურჯი|sc=Geor}} * {{Z|haw}}: {{W-|haw|polū}}, {{W-|haw|uliuli}} * {{Z|hi}}: {{W+|hi|नीला|n}}, {{W+|hi|आसमानी|m}}, {{W+|hi|आबी|n}} * {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|blauw|nt}} * {{Z|he}}: {{W+|he|כָּחוֹל|n|tr=kaḥól|sc=Hebr}}, {{W+|he|תְּכֵלֶת|m|tr=tchélet}} * {{Z|ang}}: {{W-|ang|blāw}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|blue}} * {{Z|ga}}: {{W+|ga|gorm}} * {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|blu|n}}, {{W+|it|azzurro|n}} * {{Z|is}}: {{W+|is|blár}} * {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|青|tr=あお, ao}} * {{Z|jv}}: {{W+|jv|biru}} * {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|blau}} * {{Z|ky}}: {{W+|ky|көк}} * {{Z|ko}}: {{W+|ko|파랑}}, {{W+|ko|파란색}} * {{Z|kw}}: {{W-|kw|glas}}, {{W-|kw|blou}} * {{Z|la}}: {{W+|la|caeruleus}}, {{W+|la|glaucus}}, {{W+|la|caesius}} * {{Z|lv}}: {{W+|lv|zils}} * {{Z|lt}}: {{W-|lt|mėlyna}} * {{Z|lb}}: {{W+|lb|Blo|m}} * {{Z|mk}}: {{W-|mk|сина}}, {{W-|mk|син}} * {{Z|ml}}: {{W+|ml|നീല}} * {{Z|ms}}: {{W+|ms|biru}} * {{Z|mt}}: {{W+|mt|blu}}, {{W-|mt|ikħal}}, {{W-|mt|iżraq}} * {{Z|gv}}: {{W-|gv|gorrym}} * {{Z|mr}}: {{W+|mr|निळा|sc=Deva}} * {{Z|yua}}: {{W-|yua|ch'ooj}} * {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|kék}} * {{Z|nv}}: {{W-|nv|dootłʼizh}} * {{Z|ne}}: {{W+|ne|नीलो}} * {{Z|non}}: {{W-|non|blár}} * {{Z|no}}: {{W+|no|blå}} * {{Z|ood}}: {{W-|ood|anilhmagi}} * {{Z|oc}}: {{W+|oc|blau|n}} * {{Z|or}}: {{W+|or|ନେଳି|sc=Orya}} * {{Z|ug}}: {{W+|ug|كۆك|sc=ug-Arab}} * {{Z|ps}}: {{W+|ps|شين|n|tr=šín}}, {{W+|ps|شنه|m|tr=šna}} * {{Z|pl}}: {{W+|pl|niebieski}}, {{W+|pl|błękit|m-in}} * {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|azul|n}} * {{Z|pa}}: {{W-|pa|ਨੀਲਾ|n|sc=Guru}} * {{Z|kk}}: {{W+|kk|көк}} * {{Z|cop}}: {{W-|cop|ⲁⲥⲓⲗⲟⲛ}}, {{W-|cop|ⲁⲥⲓⲗⲱⲛ}} * {{Z|rm}}: {{W-|rm|blau|n}}, {{W-|rm|blo|n}}, {{W-|rm|blov|n}} * {{Z|ro}}: {{W+|ro|albastru}} * {{Z|ru}}: {{W+|ru|си́ний}}, {{W+|ru|голубо́й}} * {{Z|sc}}: {{W-|sc|asùlu}}, {{W-|sc|blàu}}, {{W-|sc|asùlu}}, {{W-|sc|blàu}}, {{W-|sc|biaittu}}, {{W-|sc|biaittu}} * {{Z|sdc}}: {{W-|sdc|biaittu}} * {{Z|sh}}: *: Kirîlî: {{W-|sh|плава|m|sc=Cyrl}} *: Latînî: {{W+|sh|plava|m}} * {{Z|sk}}: {{W-|sk|modrá}} * {{Z|sl}}: {{W-|sl|modra|m}} * {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|azul|n}}, {{W+|es|celeste|n}} * {{Z|sw}}: {{W+|sw|bluu}} * {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|blå}} * {{Z|tg}}: {{W+|tg|обӣ}} * {{Z|tl}}: {{W+|tl|asul}}, {{W+|tl|bughaw}} * {{Z|ta}}: {{W+|ta|நீலம்|sc=Taml}} * {{Z|th}}: {{W+|th|สีน้ำเงิน|tr=sǐi-nám-ngən}}, {{W+|th|สีฟ้า|tr=sǐi-fáa}} * {{Z|te}}: {{W+|te|నీలము}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|mavi}} * {{Z|ur}}: {{W-|ur|نیلا|n|tr=nīlā}} * {{Z|uk}}: {{W+|uk|си́ній}}, {{W+|uk|блаки́тний}} * {{Z|vi}}: , {{W-|vi|xanh lam}}, {{W+|vi|xanh da trời}}, {{W-|vi|xanh nước biển}} * {{Z|vo}}: {{W+|vo|blöv}}, {{W-|vo|yulib}} * {{Z|wa}}: {{W+|wa|bleu|n}} * {{Z|cy}}: {{W+|cy|glas}} * {{Z|win}}: {{W-|win|coo}} * {{Z|km}}: {{W+|km|ខៀវ|tr=kʰiev|sc=Khmr}} * {{Z|yi}}: {{W-|yi|בלוי}} * {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|μπλε|nt}} {{werger-bin}} {{werger-ser|kesk, rengê riwek/giyayan}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|grün}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|سرسبز|tr=sarsabz}} * {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|vert}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|green}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{i|özellikle ot, yaprak ve bitkiler için}} {{W+|tr|yeşil}} {{werger-bin}} === Rengdêr 2 === {{rengdêr|ku}} # {{rastnivîs|şên}} #* {{jêder-pirtûk|ku|jêgirtin=Li zeviyên '''şîn''' nihêrî. Tayên genimê biharê kêliyekê ji bo wî bûn sebir. Rengê bi roj diteyîsî wê wextê şînekî tarî bû. Kûr dûr difikirî. Wextê bi xwe ve hat tu hukmê tîrêjan nemabû.|nivîskar=Cîhan Roj; amedekar: Bülent Ulus|sernav=Kawaye Min (Kulîlkên bîst û yekê mehê)|weşanxane=Evrensel Basım Yayın|sal=2013}} #* {{bêmînak|ku}} === Navdêr 1 === {{ku-tewîn-nav|şîn|nêr}} {{navdêr|ku|z=n}} # [[reng|Rengê]] şîn. #: {{mk|ku|'''şînê''' vekirî, '''şînê''' esmanî, '''şînê''' tarî}} #* {{jêder-pirtûk|ku|jêgirtin=Bihar bû û pisîkek li ser dîwarê hember dinaliya. Aso şîn dibû, '''şînê''' tarî. Nav asman, li heman cihê ku dawa bi lêva dîwar ve dihat dirûtin, rengê erxewanî bi '''şînê''' tarî re têkel dibû. Mîna tiliyên min ên sor û êşbar.|seranv=Demsala Nan|nivîskar=Elî Esref Dervîshiyan|wergêr=Zülküf Ergün|sal=2021|rûpel=18|isbn=9786257383042, 6257383048}} ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser|reng}} * {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|bleu|n}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|blue}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|mavi}} {{werger-bin}} {{bend}} === Navdêr 2 === {{ku-tewîn-nav|şîn|mê}} [[Wêne:Funeral_mat.jpg|thumb|Şîn]] {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # [[matem]], [[reşgirêdan]], [[xem]], [[behî]], [[tazî]], [[posîde]] #* {{jêder|ku|jêgirtin=Te digot qey piştî kêliyeke din ew ê li vê deştê Ûsiv li ber xwe dirêj bike û stranên '''şînê''' biavêje ser.|''[[w:Dara Hinarê|Dara Hinarê]]'', [[w:Yaşar Kemal|Yaşar Kemal]], Weşanên [[w:Nûdem|Nûdem]]}} ==== Jê ==== * [[şînî]] ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{hv|iir-pro|*xšai||qilqilîn, girîn, nivatin}}. Hevreha {{hv|ckb|شێوان}}. ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Trauer|f}} * {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|حداد}} * {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|funebro}} * {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|suru}} * {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|deuil|m}} * {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|rouw}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|mourning}}, {{W+|en|grief}} * {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|喪|tr=も, mo}} * {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|dol}} * {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|luto}}, {{W+|pt|nojo}} * {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|luto}} * {{Z|sv}}: {{W-|sv|likfärd}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|matem}}, {{W+|tr|ağıt}} {{werger-bin}} {{bend}} === Navdêr 3 === {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # [[nav]]ê [[herf]]a {{g|ar|sc=Arab|ش|tr=}} di [[alfabeya erebî]] de #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{deyn|ar|ku}} ji {{ji|arc|ku}} ji {{ji|phn|ku}}. === Navdêr 4 === {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # {{rastnivîs|şûn}} #* {{bêmînak|ku}} == {{ziman|ckb}} == === Rengdêr === {{rengdêr|ckb|sc=Latn}} # {{ckb-Arab|شین}} #* {{bêmînak|ckb}} bdq7z85bf2kiudzdnhn79c19u04wzmg dîtin 0 3397 6236185 5995732 2026-05-27T06:32:16Z Heviyane 10624 6236185 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-IPA}} * {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163 (kmr)-Ebulfîda-dîtin.wav|Deng|dever=Bidlîs}} * {{ku-kîte}} === Lêker === {{ku-tewîn-lk|dîtin|form=gerguhêz|niha=bîn|borî=dît|borî2=dî}} [[Wêne:Eye_iris.jpg|thumb|250px|Mirov bi çavan dinyayê '''dibîne'''.]] {{lêker|ku|c=x-gh}} # Bi [[çav]]an [[pê hesîn]], bi [[çav]]an [[hay]] jê bûn, [[ketin]] ber [[çav]]an. #: {{mk|ku|Tarî bû, me ti tişt '''nedidît'''.}} #: {{mk|ku|Mirov li ber ronahiyê tiştan '''dibîne'''.}} #: {{mk|ku|Kesên ku nikarin bi çavên xwe dinyayê '''bibînin''', kor in.}} ==== Ji wêjeya klasîk ==== * {{jêder|ku|{{Jêgirtin/Mela Hisênê Bateyî/Mewlûda Kurdî}}|jêgirtin=Der mezarê sehle lê redda cewab<br />Pirr kesan '''dîtin''' keramet û eser}} ==== Herwiha ==== * {{mj|devkî}} [[dîn#Lêker|dîn]] ==== Bi alfabeyên din ==== * {{ku-ar|دیتن}} * {{ku-kr|дитьн}} ==== Têkildar ==== * {{g|ku|nerîn}} ==== Bide ber ==== * {{g|ku|bîstin}} ==== Gotinên pêşiyan ==== * {{g|ku|dîtin û gotin nabe wek hev}} ==== Jê ==== {{kol3|ku | bînahî | bînayî | bînbar | bînbarî | diyar | diyarî<q:2> | diyarîtî | diyartî | dîdar | dîdarî | dîmen | dîtbar | dîtbarî }} ==== Etîmolojî ==== {{şêwexirab|ku}} Ji {{ji|ine-pro|ku|-}}: *'''d<sup>h</sup>eiə''' ("[[pê hesîn]], dîtin, [[bihîstin]]"), {{ji|ira-pro||-}}: *'''dai'''- ("dîtin, [[bihîstin]]") , {{ae}}: '''dai'''- ("dîtin "), {{peo}}: '''dī'''- ("dîtin"), {{xpr}}: '''dyd'''- ("dîtin"), {{pal}}: '''dyd'''- ("dîtin"), {{ho}}: '''dai'''- ("dîtin"), [[harezmî]]: '''dy'''- ("dîtin"), {{fa}}: '''dīdan''' ("dîtin"), {{bal}}: '''dīt'''- ("dîtin") … {{ir}}, {{kmr}}: '''dîtin''' ("dîtin"), {{ckb}}: '''dîtin, [[bînan]]''' ("dîtin"), {{hac}}: '''[[diyay]]''' ("dîtin"), {{zza}}: '''[[diyene]], [[vînayen]]'''- ("dîtin"), [[şêxbizinî]]: '''[[diyin]], [[wînandin]]'''- ("dîtin"), {{sa}}: '''dhay'''- ("[[bihîstin]]"), {{el}}: '''theôréô''' ("dîtin"), <font style="font-size:10px">'''Çavkanî:''' [[Şablon:Cheung|Cheung p.49]], [[Şablon:Watkins|Watkins p.18]]</font> | <font style="font-size:10px">'''Pokorny:''' 243</font> ==== Bi zaravayên din ==== * {{Z|ckb}}: {{g|ckb|بینین}}, {{g|ckb|دیتن}} * {{Z|zza}}: {{W-|zza|dîyene}}, {{W-|zza|vênayene}} ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|ab}}: {{W-|ab|абара}} * {{Z|aa}}: {{W-|aa|uble}} * {{Z|af}}: {{W-|af|besien}}, {{W+|af|sien}} * {{Z|aho}}: {{W-|aho|𑜑𑜃𑜫}} * {{Z|ak}}: {{W-|ak|hu}} * {{Z|akl}}: {{W-|akl|kita'}} * {{Z|sq}}: {{W+|sq|shoh}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|sehen}}, {{W+|de|schauen}} * {{Z|alt}}: {{W-|alt|кӧрӧр}} * {{Z|abs}}: {{W-|abs|lia}} * {{Z|apw}}: {{W-|apw|yo’įį}} * {{Z|an}}: {{W+|an|veyer}}, {{W+|an|beyer}} * {{Z|arc}}: {{W-|arc|חזא|tr=ḥaza}} * {{Z|rup}}: {{W-|rup|ved}} * {{Z|as}}: {{W-|as|দেখা}} * {{Z|ast}}: {{W-|ast|ver}} * {{Z|atj}}: {{W-|atj|wapatam}} * {{Z|ay}}: {{W-|ay|uñaña}} * {{Z|aio}}: {{W-|aio|ꩭꩫ်}} * {{Z|az}}: {{W+|az|görmək}} * {{Z|bdq}}: {{W-|bdq|'bôh}} * {{Z|eu}}: {{W+|eu|ikusi}} * {{Z|ba}}: {{W-|ba|күреү}} * {{Z|bar}}: {{W-|bar|sengan}} * {{Z|be}}: {{W-|be|ба́чыць|impf}}, {{W-|be|уба́чыць|pf}} * {{Z|bn}}: {{W+|bn|দেখা}} * {{Z|br}}: {{W+|br|gwelet}} * {{Z|bg}}: {{W-|bg|ви́ждам}} * {{Z|my}}: {{W+|my|တွေ့}}, {{W+|my|မြင်}} * {{Z|bua}}: {{W-|bua|хараха}}, {{W-|bua|үзэхэ}} * {{Z|pcc}}: {{W-|pcc|ranl}} * {{Z|ce}}: {{W-|ce|га}} * {{Z|cs}}: {{W+|cs|vidět}} * {{Z|chr}}: {{W-|chr|ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ}} * {{Z|zh}}: *: {{Z|yue}}: {{W-|yue|見|tr=gin3}}, {{W-|yue|睇見|tr=tai2 gin3}}, {{W-|yue|睇|tr=tai2}} *: {{Z|dng}}: {{W-|dng|җян}} *: {{Z|cmn}}: {{W+|cmn|見|tr=jiàn}}, {{W+|cmn|看見|tr=kànjiàn}} * {{Z|cv}}: {{W-|cv|курма}} * {{Z|chk}}: {{W-|chk|kuna}} * {{Z|dlm}}: {{W-|dlm|vedar}} * {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|se}} * {{Z|ovd}}: {{W-|ovd|sją̊}} * {{Z|id}}: {{W-|id|me[[lihat]]}}, {{W+|id|saksi|cuda=menyaksikan}}, {{W+|id|tonton|cuda=menonton}}, {{W+|id|pandang|cuda=memandang}} * {{Z|ar}}: {{W+|ar|رَأَى}}, {{W-|ar|عَايَنَ}} *: {{Z|arz}}: {{W-|arz|شاف|tr=šāf}} *: {{Z|acw}}: {{W-|acw|شاف|tr=šāf}} *: {{Z|ary}}: {{W-|ary|شاف|tr=šāf}} *: {{Z|ajp}}: {{W-|ajp|شاف|tr=šāf}} * {{Z|hy}}: {{W+|hy|տեսնել}} * {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|vidi}} * {{Z|et}}: {{W-|et|nägema}} * {{Z|eve}}: {{W-|eve|иттэй}} * {{Z|evn}}: {{W-|evn|ичэми}} * {{Z|ee}}: {{W-|ee|kpɔ}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W-|fa|دیدن|tr=didan}} * {{Z|fo}}: {{W+|fo|síggja}}, {{W+|fo|sjá}} * {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|nähdä}}, {{W+|fi|katsoa}} * {{Z|fr}}: {{W-|fr|voir}} *: {{Z|frm}}: {{W-|frm|veoir}}, {{W-|frm|vëoir}} *: {{Z|fro}}: {{W-|fro|veoir}}, {{W-|fro|vëoir}} * {{Z|fur}}: {{W-|fur|viodi}} * {{Z|fy}}: {{W+|fy|sjen}} * {{Z|gd}}: {{W-|gd|faic}} * {{Z|gl}}: {{W-|gl|ver}} * {{Z|roa-gal}}: {{W-|roa-gal|vér'}} * {{Z|got}}: {{W-|got|𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍈𐌰𐌽}} * {{Z|ka}}: {{W-|ka|ხედავს}} * {{Z|gn}}: {{W-|gn|hecha}} * {{Z|ht}}: {{W-|ht|wè}} * {{Z|haw}}: {{W-|haw|ʻike}} * {{Z|ha}}: {{W-|ha|gani}} * {{Z|hi}}: {{W+|hi|देखना}} * {{Z|hil}}: {{W-|hil|kita}}, {{W-|hil|magkita}} * {{Z|mww}}: {{W-|mww|pom}} * {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|zien}}, {{W+|nl|aanschouwen}}, {{W+|nl|bekijken}}, {{W+|nl|bezien}} * {{Z|he}}: {{W-|he|רָאָה|tr=ra'ah}} * {{Z|io}}: {{W+|io|vidar}} * {{Z|ig}}: {{W-|ig|ihụ}} * {{Z|ilo}}: {{W-|ilo|kita}} * {{Z|ang}}: {{W-|ang|ġesēon}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|see}} * {{Z|inh}}: {{W-|inh|го}} * {{Z|ia}}: {{W+|ia|vider}} * {{Z|ga}}: {{W-|ga|feic}} *: {{Z|sga}}: {{W-|sga|ad·cí}} * {{Z|ist}}: {{W-|ist|vidi}} * {{Z|ruo}}: {{W-|ruo|ved}}, {{W-|ruo|vedu}} * {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|vedere}} * {{Z|ium}}: {{W-|ium|buatc}} * {{Z|is}}: {{W+|is|sjá}}, {{W-|is|skynja}} * {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|見る|tr=みる, miru}}, {{W+|ja|ご覧になる|tr=ごらんになる, go-ran ni naru}}, {{W-|ja|[[拝見]]する|tr=はいけんする, haiken-suru}} * {{Z|kaw}}: {{W-|kaw|dĕlo}}, {{W-|kaw|ton}} * {{Z|jv}}: {{W-|jv|delok}}, {{W-|jv|tonton}} * {{Z|kab}}: {{W-|kab|ẓer}} * {{Z|kl}}: {{W-|kl|takunnippoq}}, {{W-|kl|isigisaqarpoq}}, {{W-|kl|takuaa}} * {{Z|xal}}: {{W-|xal|үзх}} * {{Z|kn}}: {{W+|kn|ನೋಡು}} * {{Z|kea}}: {{W-|kea|odja}}, {{W-|kea|oiá}} * {{Z|csb}}: {{W-|csb|widzec}} * {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|veure}} * {{Z|qu}}: {{W-|qu|rikuy}}, {{W-|qu|rikay}} * {{Z|ks}}: {{W-|ks|وُچھُن}} * {{Z|ky}}: {{W+|ky|көрүү}} * {{Z|ktu}}: {{W-|ktu|mona}}, {{W-|ktu|kumona}} * {{Z|rw}}: {{W-|rw|kubona}} * {{Z|kok}}: {{W-|kok|दिशें}} * {{Z|okm}}: {{W-|okm|보다〮|tr=pwòtá}} * {{Z|ko}}: {{W+|ko|보다}}, {{W+|ko|뵙다}} * {{Z|kw}}: {{W-|kw|gweles}} * {{Z|bzj}}: {{W-|bzj|si}} * {{Z|jam}}: {{W-|jam|see}} * {{Z|crs}}: {{W-|crs|vwar}} * {{Z|mcm}}: {{W-|mcm|dá}} * {{Z|kum}}: {{W-|kum|гёрмек}} * {{Z|lld}}: {{W-|lld|vedei}}, {{W-|lld|veder}} * {{Z|lmy}}: {{W-|lmy|eta}} * {{Z|ltg}}: {{W-|ltg|redzēt}} * {{Z|la}}: {{W+|la|video}}, {{W+|la|specto}}, {{W+|la|specio}}, {{W-|la|viso}}, {{W-|la|visito}} * {{Z|lv}}: {{W+|lv|redzēt}} * {{Z|lo}}: {{W-|lo|ເຫັນ}} * {{Z|lij}}: {{W-|lij|védde}}, {{W-|lij|véi}} * {{Z|lt}}: {{W+|lt|matyti}}, {{W-|lt|regėti}} * {{Z|lmo}}: {{W-|lmo|vedè}} * {{Z|lg}}: {{W-|lg|-laba}} * {{Z|lb}}: {{W-|lb|gesinn}} * {{Z|mhn}}: {{W-|mhn|sechen}} * {{Z|mk}}: {{W-|mk|гледа}} * {{Z|ml}}: {{W+|ml|കാണുക}} * {{Z|ms}}: {{W+|ms|lihat}}, {{W-|ms|tengok}}, {{W-|ms|nampak}} * {{Z|mt}}: {{W-|mt|ra}} * {{Z|gv}}: {{W-|gv|faik}} * {{Z|mi}}: {{W-|mi|kite}}, {{W-|mi|pūrangiaho}} * {{Z|mr}}: {{W+|mr|पाहणे|nt}} * {{Z|gun}}: {{W-|gun|exa}} * {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|lát}} * {{Z|egy}}: {{W-egy|mꜣꜣ|h=mA:D4-A-A}} * {{Z|mwl}}: {{W-|mwl|ber}}, {{W-|mwl|mirar}} * {{Z|mn}}: {{W+|mn|үзэх}}, {{W+|mn|харах}} * {{Z|nci}}: {{W-|nci|itta}} * {{Z|nah}}: {{W+|nah|itta}} * {{Z|gld}}: {{W-|gld|ичэ-}} * {{Z|nap}}: {{W-|nap|veré}}, {{W-|nap|vedé}} * {{Z|nv}}: {{W-|nv|yooʼį́}} * {{Z|nds}}: {{W+|nds|kieken}}, {{W+|nds|ankieken}}, {{W-|nds|seen}}, {{W-|nds|sehn}} *: German Low German: *: {{Z|nds-de}}: {{W-|nds-de|seihen}} * {{Z|nay}}: {{W-|nay|nak}} * {{Z|xul}}: {{W-|xul|nangi}} * {{Z|nrf}}: {{W-|nrf|vaie}} * {{Z|no}}: *: {{Z|nb}}: {{W+|nb|se}} *: {{Z|nn}}: {{W+|nn|sjå}} * {{Z|cst}}: {{W-|cst|atemhimah}} * {{Z|oj}}: {{W-|oj|waabam}}, {{W-|oj|waabandan}} * {{Z|pro}}: {{W-|pro|veder}} * {{Z|oc}}: {{W+|oc|veire}} * {{Z|or}}: {{W+|or|ଦେଖିବା}} * {{Z|om}}: {{W-|om|ilaaluu}} * {{Z|os}}: {{W-|os|уынын}} * {{Z|ota}}: {{W-|ota|گورمك|tr=görmek}} * {{Z|ug}}: {{W-|ug|كۆرمەك}} * {{Z|uz}}: {{W+|uz|koʻrmoq}} * {{Z|pms}}: {{W-|pms|vëdde}} * {{Z|ppl}}: {{W-|ppl|tachia}}, {{W-|ppl|-ita}} * {{Z|pl}}: {{W+|pl|widzieć}}, {{W+|pl|dostrzegać}} * {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|ver}}, {{W+|pt|enxergar}}, {{W+|pt|olhar}} * {{Z|pa}}: {{W-|pa|ਵੇਖਣਾ}} * {{Z|kk}}: {{W+|kk|көру}}, {{W+|kk|қарау}} * {{Z|rm}}: {{W-|rm|vesair}} * {{Z|rom}}: {{W-|rom|dikhel}} * {{Z|ro}}: {{W+|ro|vedea}} * {{Z|ru}}: {{W-|ru|ви́деть|impf}}, {{W-|ru|уви́деть|pf}} * {{Z|rue}}: {{W-|rue|ві́дїти|impf}} * {{Z|ssy}}: {{W-|ssy|uble}} * {{Z|osx}}: {{W-|osx|sehan}}, {{W-|osx|bisehan}}, {{W-|osx|gisehan}}, {{W-|osx|farsehan}} * {{Z|se}}: {{W-|se|oaidnit}} * {{Z|sma}}: {{W-|sma|gïehtjedidh}}, {{W-|sma|vuartasjidh}}, {{W-|sma|vuejnedh}} * {{Z|sms}}: {{W-|sms|vueiʹnned}} * {{Z|sm}}: {{W-|sm|va'ai}} * {{Z|sa}}: {{W+|sa|पश्यति}}, {{W+|sa|चष्टे}} * {{Z|sat}}: {{W-|sat|ᱧᱮᱞ}} * Sardinian: *: {{Z|sc}}: {{W-|sc|biri}} * {{Z|scn}}: {{W+|scn|vìdiri}} * {{Z|csm}}: {{W-|csm|šyl-ŋe-}} * {{Z|srn}}: {{W-|srn|syi}} * {{Z|sh}}: *: Kirîlî: {{W-|sh|ви̏дети}} *: Latînî: {{W+|sh|vȉdeti}} * {{Z|syl}}: {{W-|syl|ꠖꠦꠈꠣ}} * {{Z|cu}}: *: Kirîlî: {{W-|cu|видѣти|impf}}, {{W-|cu|зьрѣти|impf}} * {{Z|sk}}: {{W+|sk|vidieť}} * {{Z|sl}}: {{W+|sl|videti}} * {{Z|so}}: {{W-|so|arkid}} * Sorbî: *: {{Z|dsb}}: {{W-|dsb|wiźeś}} *: {{Z|hsb}}: {{W-|hsb|widźeć|impf}} * {{Z|st}}: {{W+|st|bona}} * {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|ver}} * {{Z|su}}: {{W-|su|tingali}} * {{Z|sw}}: {{W-|sw|kuona}} * {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|se}} * {{Z|shn}}: {{W-|shn|ႁၼ်}} * {{Z|zdj}}: {{W-|zdj|hwona}} * {{Z|tg}}: {{W-|tg|дидан}} * {{Z|tl}}: {{W+|tl|kita}}, {{W-|tl|makia}}, {{W-|tl|tumingin}}, {{W-|tl|makita}} * {{Z|ta}}: {{W+|ta|பார்}} * {{Z|roa-tar}}: {{W-|roa-tar|vedè}} * {{Z|tsg}}: {{W-|tsg|kita}}, {{W-|tsg|kimita}} * {{Z|blt}}: {{W-|blt|ꪹꪬꪸꪙ}} * {{Z|nod}}: {{W-|nod|ᩉᩢ᩠ᨶ|tr=han}} * {{Z|th}}: {{W-|th|เห็น}}, {{W-|th|ดู}}, {{W-|th|แล}} * {{Z|tdd}}: {{W-|tdd|ᥞᥢᥴ}} * {{Z|te}}: {{W+|te|చూచు}} * {{Z|tt}}: {{W+|tt|күрергә}}, {{W-|tt|күрү}} * {{Z|tet}}: {{W-|tet|haree}} * {{Z|otk}}: {{W-|otk|𐰚𐰇𐰼|ts=kör-}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|görmek}} * {{Z|tk}}: {{W-|tk|görmek}} * {{Z|bo}}: {{W-|bo|མཐོང}}, {{W-|bo|གཟིགས}} * {{Z|tkl}}: {{W-|tkl|kikila}} * {{Z|tpi}}: {{W-|tpi|lukim}} * {{Z|xto}}: {{W-|xto|läk-}} * {{Z|txb}}: {{W-|txb|läk-}} * {{Z|tyv}}: {{W-|tyv|көөр}} * {{Z|udi}}: {{W-|udi|акӏсун}} * {{Z|udm}}: {{W-|udm|адӟыны}} * {{Z|uga}}: {{W-|uga|𐎈𐎄𐎊}} * {{Z|umb}}: {{W-|umb|okuvandja}} * {{Z|ur}}: {{W-|ur|دیکھنا|tr=dekhnā}} * {{Z|uk}}: {{W-|uk|ба́чити}}, {{W-|uk|ви́діти}} * {{Z|vec}}: {{W-|vec|védar}} * {{Z|vi}}: {{W+|vi|nhìn thấy}}, {{W+|vi|xem xét}}, {{W+|vi|thấy}}, {{W+|vi|xem}} * {{Z|vo}}: {{W+|vo|logön}} * {{Z|wa}}: {{W+|wa|vey}}, {{W+|wa|vir}} * {{Z|wbl}}: {{W-|wbl|win-}} * {{Z|cy}}: {{W+|cy|gweld}} * {{Z|wo}}: {{W+|wo|gis}} * {{Z|kjh}}: {{W-|kjh|кӧрерге}} * {{Z|km}}: {{W+|km|ឃើញ}} * {{Z|xh}}: {{W-|xh|ukubona}} * {{Z|yai}}: {{W-|yai|венак}} * {{Z|sah}}: {{W-|sah|көр}} * {{Z|yag}}: {{W-|yag|tiki}} * {{Z|yi}}: {{W-|yi|זען}} * {{Z|yo}}: {{W-|yo|rí}}, {{W-|yo|ríran}} * {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|βλέπω}} *: Kevn: {{W-|grc|βλέπω}}, {{W-|grc|ὁράω}}, {{W-|grc|εἶδον}}, {{W-|grc|ὀπτεύω}}, {{W-|grc|δέρκομαι}}, {{W-|grc|λεύσσω}} * {{Z|zea}}: {{W-|zea|zieë}} * {{Z|za}}: {{W-|za|raen}} * {{Z|ase}}: {{W-|ase|V@Nose-PalmBack V@FromNose-PalmBack}}, {{W-|ase|K@Nose-PalmAcross K@FromNose-PalmAcross}} * {{Z|zu}}: {{W-|zu|-[[bona]]}} * {{Z|khi-kun}}: {{W-|khi-kun|siŋ}} * {{Z|nmn}}: {{W-|nmn|ǀnâã}} {{werger-bin}} === Navdêr === {{ku-tewîn-nav|dîtin|mê}} {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # [[pêhesîn]]a bi [[çav]]an: #: ''Dîtina gulan mirovî dilxweş dike.'' # [[hevdîtin]], [[jivan]]: #: ''dîtina hevalan li qehwexaneyê'' # [[qenaet|Qenaet]], [[bawerî]], [[nerîn]], [[boçûn]], [[helwest]], [[ray]]. #: {{mk|ku|Bi '''dîtina''' min divê em îro biçin.}} # [[şêwe|Şêwe]], [[şikil]]. #: {{jêder-malper|ku|jêgirtin=Li wir, li ber wan '''dîtina''' wî hat guhertin. Rûyê wî wek rojê şewq da û cilên wî wek ronahiyê çîlspî bûn.|malper=kitebipiroz.com|sernav= Încîl (Mizgînî)|url=http://www.kitebipiroz.com/kurmanji/bible/mat/17/2}} ==== Bi zaravayên din ==== * {{Z|zza}}: {{W-|zza|dîtiş}}, {{W-|zza|diyayîş}}, {{W-|zza|vînayîş}} ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser|wate|1}} {{werger-bin}} {{werger-ser|wate|2}} {{werger-bin}} 1d657e97hee8vwvo1s7wv1nfk0v55si 6236186 6236185 2026-05-27T06:33:16Z Heviyane 10624 Werger: +zazakî : [[vênayene]]; +zazakî : [[diyene]] (bi alîkarî) 6236186 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-IPA}} * {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163 (kmr)-Ebulfîda-dîtin.wav|Deng|dever=Bidlîs}} * {{ku-kîte}} === Lêker === {{ku-tewîn-lk|dîtin|form=gerguhêz|niha=bîn|borî=dît|borî2=dî}} [[Wêne:Eye_iris.jpg|thumb|250px|Mirov bi çavan dinyayê '''dibîne'''.]] {{lêker|ku|c=x-gh}} # Bi [[çav]]an [[pê hesîn]], bi [[çav]]an [[hay]] jê bûn, [[ketin]] ber [[çav]]an. #: {{mk|ku|Tarî bû, me ti tişt '''nedidît'''.}} #: {{mk|ku|Mirov li ber ronahiyê tiştan '''dibîne'''.}} #: {{mk|ku|Kesên ku nikarin bi çavên xwe dinyayê '''bibînin''', kor in.}} ==== Ji wêjeya klasîk ==== * {{jêder|ku|{{Jêgirtin/Mela Hisênê Bateyî/Mewlûda Kurdî}}|jêgirtin=Der mezarê sehle lê redda cewab<br />Pirr kesan '''dîtin''' keramet û eser}} ==== Herwiha ==== * {{mj|devkî}} [[dîn#Lêker|dîn]] ==== Bi alfabeyên din ==== * {{ku-ar|دیتن}} * {{ku-kr|дитьн}} ==== Têkildar ==== * {{g|ku|nerîn}} ==== Bide ber ==== * {{g|ku|bîstin}} ==== Gotinên pêşiyan ==== * {{g|ku|dîtin û gotin nabe wek hev}} ==== Jê ==== {{kol3|ku | bînahî | bînayî | bînbar | bînbarî | diyar | diyarî<q:2> | diyarîtî | diyartî | dîdar | dîdarî | dîmen | dîtbar | dîtbarî }} ==== Etîmolojî ==== {{şêwexirab|ku}} Ji {{ji|ine-pro|ku|-}}: *'''d<sup>h</sup>eiə''' ("[[pê hesîn]], dîtin, [[bihîstin]]"), {{ji|ira-pro||-}}: *'''dai'''- ("dîtin, [[bihîstin]]") , {{ae}}: '''dai'''- ("dîtin "), {{peo}}: '''dī'''- ("dîtin"), {{xpr}}: '''dyd'''- ("dîtin"), {{pal}}: '''dyd'''- ("dîtin"), {{ho}}: '''dai'''- ("dîtin"), [[harezmî]]: '''dy'''- ("dîtin"), {{fa}}: '''dīdan''' ("dîtin"), {{bal}}: '''dīt'''- ("dîtin") … {{ir}}, {{kmr}}: '''dîtin''' ("dîtin"), {{ckb}}: '''dîtin, [[bînan]]''' ("dîtin"), {{hac}}: '''[[diyay]]''' ("dîtin"), {{zza}}: '''[[diyene]], [[vînayen]]'''- ("dîtin"), [[şêxbizinî]]: '''[[diyin]], [[wînandin]]'''- ("dîtin"), {{sa}}: '''dhay'''- ("[[bihîstin]]"), {{el}}: '''theôréô''' ("dîtin"), <font style="font-size:10px">'''Çavkanî:''' [[Şablon:Cheung|Cheung p.49]], [[Şablon:Watkins|Watkins p.18]]</font> | <font style="font-size:10px">'''Pokorny:''' 243</font> ==== Bi zaravayên din ==== * {{Z|ckb}}: {{g|ckb|بینین}}, {{g|ckb|دیتن}} * {{Z|zza}}: {{W-|zza|dîyene}}, {{W-|zza|vênayene}} ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|ab}}: {{W-|ab|абара}} * {{Z|aa}}: {{W-|aa|uble}} * {{Z|af}}: {{W-|af|besien}}, {{W+|af|sien}} * {{Z|aho}}: {{W-|aho|𑜑𑜃𑜫}} * {{Z|ak}}: {{W-|ak|hu}} * {{Z|akl}}: {{W-|akl|kita'}} * {{Z|sq}}: {{W+|sq|shoh}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|sehen}}, {{W+|de|schauen}} * {{Z|alt}}: {{W-|alt|кӧрӧр}} * {{Z|abs}}: {{W-|abs|lia}} * {{Z|apw}}: {{W-|apw|yo’įį}} * {{Z|an}}: {{W+|an|veyer}}, {{W+|an|beyer}} * {{Z|arc}}: {{W-|arc|חזא|tr=ḥaza}} * {{Z|rup}}: {{W-|rup|ved}} * {{Z|as}}: {{W-|as|দেখা}} * {{Z|ast}}: {{W-|ast|ver}} * {{Z|atj}}: {{W-|atj|wapatam}} * {{Z|ay}}: {{W-|ay|uñaña}} * {{Z|aio}}: {{W-|aio|ꩭꩫ်}} * {{Z|az}}: {{W+|az|görmək}} * {{Z|bdq}}: {{W-|bdq|'bôh}} * {{Z|eu}}: {{W+|eu|ikusi}} * {{Z|ba}}: {{W-|ba|күреү}} * {{Z|bar}}: {{W-|bar|sengan}} * {{Z|be}}: {{W-|be|ба́чыць|impf}}, {{W-|be|уба́чыць|pf}} * {{Z|bn}}: {{W+|bn|দেখা}} * {{Z|br}}: {{W+|br|gwelet}} * {{Z|bg}}: {{W-|bg|ви́ждам}} * {{Z|my}}: {{W+|my|တွေ့}}, {{W+|my|မြင်}} * {{Z|bua}}: {{W-|bua|хараха}}, {{W-|bua|үзэхэ}} * {{Z|pcc}}: {{W-|pcc|ranl}} * {{Z|ce}}: {{W-|ce|га}} * {{Z|cs}}: {{W+|cs|vidět}} * {{Z|chr}}: {{W-|chr|ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ}} * {{Z|zh}}: *: {{Z|yue}}: {{W-|yue|見|tr=gin3}}, {{W-|yue|睇見|tr=tai2 gin3}}, {{W-|yue|睇|tr=tai2}} *: {{Z|dng}}: {{W-|dng|җян}} *: {{Z|cmn}}: {{W+|cmn|見|tr=jiàn}}, {{W+|cmn|看見|tr=kànjiàn}} * {{Z|cv}}: {{W-|cv|курма}} * {{Z|chk}}: {{W-|chk|kuna}} * {{Z|dlm}}: {{W-|dlm|vedar}} * {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|se}} * {{Z|ovd}}: {{W-|ovd|sją̊}} * {{Z|id}}: {{W-|id|me[[lihat]]}}, {{W+|id|saksi|cuda=menyaksikan}}, {{W+|id|tonton|cuda=menonton}}, {{W+|id|pandang|cuda=memandang}} * {{Z|ar}}: {{W+|ar|رَأَى}}, {{W-|ar|عَايَنَ}} *: {{Z|arz}}: {{W-|arz|شاف|tr=šāf}} *: {{Z|acw}}: {{W-|acw|شاف|tr=šāf}} *: {{Z|ary}}: {{W-|ary|شاف|tr=šāf}} *: {{Z|ajp}}: {{W-|ajp|شاف|tr=šāf}} * {{Z|hy}}: {{W+|hy|տեսնել}} * {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|vidi}} * {{Z|et}}: {{W-|et|nägema}} * {{Z|eve}}: {{W-|eve|иттэй}} * {{Z|evn}}: {{W-|evn|ичэми}} * {{Z|ee}}: {{W-|ee|kpɔ}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W-|fa|دیدن|tr=didan}} * {{Z|fo}}: {{W+|fo|síggja}}, {{W+|fo|sjá}} * {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|nähdä}}, {{W+|fi|katsoa}} * {{Z|fr}}: {{W-|fr|voir}} *: {{Z|frm}}: {{W-|frm|veoir}}, {{W-|frm|vëoir}} *: {{Z|fro}}: {{W-|fro|veoir}}, {{W-|fro|vëoir}} * {{Z|fur}}: {{W-|fur|viodi}} * {{Z|fy}}: {{W+|fy|sjen}} * {{Z|gd}}: {{W-|gd|faic}} * {{Z|gl}}: {{W-|gl|ver}} * {{Z|roa-gal}}: {{W-|roa-gal|vér'}} * {{Z|got}}: {{W-|got|𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍈𐌰𐌽}} * {{Z|ka}}: {{W-|ka|ხედავს}} * {{Z|gn}}: {{W-|gn|hecha}} * {{Z|ht}}: {{W-|ht|wè}} * {{Z|haw}}: {{W-|haw|ʻike}} * {{Z|ha}}: {{W-|ha|gani}} * {{Z|hi}}: {{W+|hi|देखना}} * {{Z|hil}}: {{W-|hil|kita}}, {{W-|hil|magkita}} * {{Z|mww}}: {{W-|mww|pom}} * {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|zien}}, {{W+|nl|aanschouwen}}, {{W+|nl|bekijken}}, {{W+|nl|bezien}} * {{Z|he}}: {{W-|he|רָאָה|tr=ra'ah}} * {{Z|io}}: {{W+|io|vidar}} * {{Z|ig}}: {{W-|ig|ihụ}} * {{Z|ilo}}: {{W-|ilo|kita}} * {{Z|ang}}: {{W-|ang|ġesēon}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|see}} * {{Z|inh}}: {{W-|inh|го}} * {{Z|ia}}: {{W+|ia|vider}} * {{Z|ga}}: {{W-|ga|feic}} *: {{Z|sga}}: {{W-|sga|ad·cí}} * {{Z|ist}}: {{W-|ist|vidi}} * {{Z|ruo}}: {{W-|ruo|ved}}, {{W-|ruo|vedu}} * {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|vedere}} * {{Z|ium}}: {{W-|ium|buatc}} * {{Z|is}}: {{W+|is|sjá}}, {{W-|is|skynja}} * {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|見る|tr=みる, miru}}, {{W+|ja|ご覧になる|tr=ごらんになる, go-ran ni naru}}, {{W-|ja|[[拝見]]する|tr=はいけんする, haiken-suru}} * {{Z|kaw}}: {{W-|kaw|dĕlo}}, {{W-|kaw|ton}} * {{Z|jv}}: {{W-|jv|delok}}, {{W-|jv|tonton}} * {{Z|kab}}: {{W-|kab|ẓer}} * {{Z|kl}}: {{W-|kl|takunnippoq}}, {{W-|kl|isigisaqarpoq}}, {{W-|kl|takuaa}} * {{Z|xal}}: {{W-|xal|үзх}} * {{Z|kn}}: {{W+|kn|ನೋಡು}} * {{Z|kea}}: {{W-|kea|odja}}, {{W-|kea|oiá}} * {{Z|csb}}: {{W-|csb|widzec}} * {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|veure}} * {{Z|qu}}: {{W-|qu|rikuy}}, {{W-|qu|rikay}} * {{Z|ks}}: {{W-|ks|وُچھُن}} * {{Z|ky}}: {{W+|ky|көрүү}} * {{Z|ktu}}: {{W-|ktu|mona}}, {{W-|ktu|kumona}} * {{Z|rw}}: {{W-|rw|kubona}} * {{Z|kok}}: {{W-|kok|दिशें}} * {{Z|okm}}: {{W-|okm|보다〮|tr=pwòtá}} * {{Z|ko}}: {{W+|ko|보다}}, {{W+|ko|뵙다}} * {{Z|kw}}: {{W-|kw|gweles}} * {{Z|bzj}}: {{W-|bzj|si}} * {{Z|jam}}: {{W-|jam|see}} * {{Z|crs}}: {{W-|crs|vwar}} * {{Z|mcm}}: {{W-|mcm|dá}} * {{Z|kum}}: {{W-|kum|гёрмек}} * {{Z|lld}}: {{W-|lld|vedei}}, {{W-|lld|veder}} * {{Z|lmy}}: {{W-|lmy|eta}} * {{Z|ltg}}: {{W-|ltg|redzēt}} * {{Z|la}}: {{W+|la|video}}, {{W+|la|specto}}, {{W+|la|specio}}, {{W-|la|viso}}, {{W-|la|visito}} * {{Z|lv}}: {{W+|lv|redzēt}} * {{Z|lo}}: {{W-|lo|ເຫັນ}} * {{Z|lij}}: {{W-|lij|védde}}, {{W-|lij|véi}} * {{Z|lt}}: {{W+|lt|matyti}}, {{W-|lt|regėti}} * {{Z|lmo}}: {{W-|lmo|vedè}} * {{Z|lg}}: {{W-|lg|-laba}} * {{Z|lb}}: {{W-|lb|gesinn}} * {{Z|mhn}}: {{W-|mhn|sechen}} * {{Z|mk}}: {{W-|mk|гледа}} * {{Z|ml}}: {{W+|ml|കാണുക}} * {{Z|ms}}: {{W+|ms|lihat}}, {{W-|ms|tengok}}, {{W-|ms|nampak}} * {{Z|mt}}: {{W-|mt|ra}} * {{Z|gv}}: {{W-|gv|faik}} * {{Z|mi}}: {{W-|mi|kite}}, {{W-|mi|pūrangiaho}} * {{Z|mr}}: {{W+|mr|पाहणे|nt}} * {{Z|gun}}: {{W-|gun|exa}} * {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|lát}} * {{Z|egy}}: {{W-egy|mꜣꜣ|h=mA:D4-A-A}} * {{Z|mwl}}: {{W-|mwl|ber}}, {{W-|mwl|mirar}} * {{Z|mn}}: {{W+|mn|үзэх}}, {{W+|mn|харах}} * {{Z|nci}}: {{W-|nci|itta}} * {{Z|nah}}: {{W+|nah|itta}} * {{Z|gld}}: {{W-|gld|ичэ-}} * {{Z|nap}}: {{W-|nap|veré}}, {{W-|nap|vedé}} * {{Z|nv}}: {{W-|nv|yooʼį́}} * {{Z|nds}}: {{W+|nds|kieken}}, {{W+|nds|ankieken}}, {{W-|nds|seen}}, {{W-|nds|sehn}} *: German Low German: *: {{Z|nds-de}}: {{W-|nds-de|seihen}} * {{Z|nay}}: {{W-|nay|nak}} * {{Z|xul}}: {{W-|xul|nangi}} * {{Z|nrf}}: {{W-|nrf|vaie}} * {{Z|no}}: *: {{Z|nb}}: {{W+|nb|se}} *: {{Z|nn}}: {{W+|nn|sjå}} * {{Z|cst}}: {{W-|cst|atemhimah}} * {{Z|oj}}: {{W-|oj|waabam}}, {{W-|oj|waabandan}} * {{Z|pro}}: {{W-|pro|veder}} * {{Z|oc}}: {{W+|oc|veire}} * {{Z|or}}: {{W+|or|ଦେଖିବା}} * {{Z|om}}: {{W-|om|ilaaluu}} * {{Z|os}}: {{W-|os|уынын}} * {{Z|ota}}: {{W-|ota|گورمك|tr=görmek}} * {{Z|ug}}: {{W-|ug|كۆرمەك}} * {{Z|uz}}: {{W+|uz|koʻrmoq}} * {{Z|pms}}: {{W-|pms|vëdde}} * {{Z|ppl}}: {{W-|ppl|tachia}}, {{W-|ppl|-ita}} * {{Z|pl}}: {{W+|pl|widzieć}}, {{W+|pl|dostrzegać}} * {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|ver}}, {{W+|pt|enxergar}}, {{W+|pt|olhar}} * {{Z|pa}}: {{W-|pa|ਵੇਖਣਾ}} * {{Z|kk}}: {{W+|kk|көру}}, {{W+|kk|қарау}} * {{Z|rm}}: {{W-|rm|vesair}} * {{Z|rom}}: {{W-|rom|dikhel}} * {{Z|ro}}: {{W+|ro|vedea}} * {{Z|ru}}: {{W-|ru|ви́деть|impf}}, {{W-|ru|уви́деть|pf}} * {{Z|rue}}: {{W-|rue|ві́дїти|impf}} * {{Z|ssy}}: {{W-|ssy|uble}} * {{Z|osx}}: {{W-|osx|sehan}}, {{W-|osx|bisehan}}, {{W-|osx|gisehan}}, {{W-|osx|farsehan}} * {{Z|se}}: {{W-|se|oaidnit}} * {{Z|sma}}: {{W-|sma|gïehtjedidh}}, {{W-|sma|vuartasjidh}}, {{W-|sma|vuejnedh}} * {{Z|sms}}: {{W-|sms|vueiʹnned}} * {{Z|sm}}: {{W-|sm|va'ai}} * {{Z|sa}}: {{W+|sa|पश्यति}}, {{W+|sa|चष्टे}} * {{Z|sat}}: {{W-|sat|ᱧᱮᱞ}} * Sardinian: *: {{Z|sc}}: {{W-|sc|biri}} * {{Z|scn}}: {{W+|scn|vìdiri}} * {{Z|csm}}: {{W-|csm|šyl-ŋe-}} * {{Z|srn}}: {{W-|srn|syi}} * {{Z|sh}}: *: Kirîlî: {{W-|sh|ви̏дети}} *: Latînî: {{W+|sh|vȉdeti}} * {{Z|syl}}: {{W-|syl|ꠖꠦꠈꠣ}} * {{Z|cu}}: *: Kirîlî: {{W-|cu|видѣти|impf}}, {{W-|cu|зьрѣти|impf}} * {{Z|sk}}: {{W+|sk|vidieť}} * {{Z|sl}}: {{W+|sl|videti}} * {{Z|so}}: {{W-|so|arkid}} * Sorbî: *: {{Z|dsb}}: {{W-|dsb|wiźeś}} *: {{Z|hsb}}: {{W-|hsb|widźeć|impf}} * {{Z|st}}: {{W+|st|bona}} * {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|ver}} * {{Z|su}}: {{W-|su|tingali}} * {{Z|sw}}: {{W-|sw|kuona}} * {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|se}} * {{Z|shn}}: {{W-|shn|ႁၼ်}} * {{Z|zdj}}: {{W-|zdj|hwona}} * {{Z|tg}}: {{W-|tg|дидан}} * {{Z|tl}}: {{W+|tl|kita}}, {{W-|tl|makia}}, {{W-|tl|tumingin}}, {{W-|tl|makita}} * {{Z|ta}}: {{W+|ta|பார்}} * {{Z|roa-tar}}: {{W-|roa-tar|vedè}} * {{Z|tsg}}: {{W-|tsg|kita}}, {{W-|tsg|kimita}} * {{Z|blt}}: {{W-|blt|ꪹꪬꪸꪙ}} * {{Z|nod}}: {{W-|nod|ᩉᩢ᩠ᨶ|tr=han}} * {{Z|th}}: {{W-|th|เห็น}}, {{W-|th|ดู}}, {{W-|th|แล}} * {{Z|tdd}}: {{W-|tdd|ᥞᥢᥴ}} * {{Z|te}}: {{W+|te|చూచు}} * {{Z|tt}}: {{W+|tt|күрергә}}, {{W-|tt|күрү}} * {{Z|tet}}: {{W-|tet|haree}} * {{Z|otk}}: {{W-|otk|𐰚𐰇𐰼|ts=kör-}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|görmek}} * {{Z|tk}}: {{W-|tk|görmek}} * {{Z|bo}}: {{W-|bo|མཐོང}}, {{W-|bo|གཟིགས}} * {{Z|tkl}}: {{W-|tkl|kikila}} * {{Z|tpi}}: {{W-|tpi|lukim}} * {{Z|xto}}: {{W-|xto|läk-}} * {{Z|txb}}: {{W-|txb|läk-}} * {{Z|tyv}}: {{W-|tyv|көөр}} * {{Z|udi}}: {{W-|udi|акӏсун}} * {{Z|udm}}: {{W-|udm|адӟыны}} * {{Z|uga}}: {{W-|uga|𐎈𐎄𐎊}} * {{Z|umb}}: {{W-|umb|okuvandja}} * {{Z|ur}}: {{W-|ur|دیکھنا|tr=dekhnā}} * {{Z|uk}}: {{W-|uk|ба́чити}}, {{W-|uk|ви́діти}} * {{Z|vec}}: {{W-|vec|védar}} * {{Z|vi}}: {{W+|vi|nhìn thấy}}, {{W+|vi|xem xét}}, {{W+|vi|thấy}}, {{W+|vi|xem}} * {{Z|vo}}: {{W+|vo|logön}} * {{Z|wa}}: {{W+|wa|vey}}, {{W+|wa|vir}} * {{Z|wbl}}: {{W-|wbl|win-}} * {{Z|cy}}: {{W+|cy|gweld}} * {{Z|wo}}: {{W+|wo|gis}} * {{Z|kjh}}: {{W-|kjh|кӧрерге}} * {{Z|km}}: {{W+|km|ឃើញ}} * {{Z|xh}}: {{W-|xh|ukubona}} * {{Z|yai}}: {{W-|yai|венак}} * {{Z|sah}}: {{W-|sah|көр}} * {{Z|yag}}: {{W-|yag|tiki}} * {{Z|yi}}: {{W-|yi|זען}} * {{Z|yo}}: {{W-|yo|rí}}, {{W-|yo|ríran}} * {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|βλέπω}} * {{Z|zza}}: {{W|zza|vênayene}}, {{W|zza|diyene|m}} *: Kevn: {{W-|grc|βλέπω}}, {{W-|grc|ὁράω}}, {{W-|grc|εἶδον}}, {{W-|grc|ὀπτεύω}}, {{W-|grc|δέρκομαι}}, {{W-|grc|λεύσσω}} * {{Z|zea}}: {{W-|zea|zieë}} * {{Z|za}}: {{W-|za|raen}} * {{Z|ase}}: {{W-|ase|V@Nose-PalmBack V@FromNose-PalmBack}}, {{W-|ase|K@Nose-PalmAcross K@FromNose-PalmAcross}} * {{Z|zu}}: {{W-|zu|-[[bona]]}} * {{Z|khi-kun}}: {{W-|khi-kun|siŋ}} * {{Z|nmn}}: {{W-|nmn|ǀnâã}} {{werger-bin}} === Navdêr === {{ku-tewîn-nav|dîtin|mê}} {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # [[pêhesîn]]a bi [[çav]]an: #: ''Dîtina gulan mirovî dilxweş dike.'' # [[hevdîtin]], [[jivan]]: #: ''dîtina hevalan li qehwexaneyê'' # [[qenaet|Qenaet]], [[bawerî]], [[nerîn]], [[boçûn]], [[helwest]], [[ray]]. #: {{mk|ku|Bi '''dîtina''' min divê em îro biçin.}} # [[şêwe|Şêwe]], [[şikil]]. #: {{jêder-malper|ku|jêgirtin=Li wir, li ber wan '''dîtina''' wî hat guhertin. Rûyê wî wek rojê şewq da û cilên wî wek ronahiyê çîlspî bûn.|malper=kitebipiroz.com|sernav= Încîl (Mizgînî)|url=http://www.kitebipiroz.com/kurmanji/bible/mat/17/2}} ==== Bi zaravayên din ==== * {{Z|zza}}: {{W-|zza|dîtiş}}, {{W-|zza|diyayîş}}, {{W-|zza|vînayîş}} ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser|wate|1}} {{werger-bin}} {{werger-ser|wate|2}} {{werger-bin}} 8vwr10b9ajhl1ezeqeoxl768q0lajag dirûn 0 6425 6236118 6129738 2026-05-27T02:00:14Z Ghybu 1393 6236118 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-kîte}} === Lêker 1 === {{ku-tewîn-lk|dirûn|form=gerguhêz|niha=dirû|borî=dirû}} {{lêker|ku|c=x-gh}} # Bi [[derzî|derziyê]] yan [[şûjin]]ê ve kirî du parçeyên [[çît]]î yan [[qumaş]]î bi hev ve [[girê|girê dan]]. #: {{mk|ku|Kê ev kiras ji te re '''dirûye'''.}} ==== Herwiha ==== {{stûn| * [[dirîn]] * [[dirûtin]] * [[dirwîn]] * [[drûn]] * [[drûtin]] }} ==== Jê ==== {{stûn| * {{mj|lêker}} [[dirûn kirin]] * {{mj|navdêr}} [[dirûnkirin]] * {{mj|rengdêr}} [[dirûnkirî]] * [[dirûyayî]] }} ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{ji|ine-pro|ku|*derbʰ-|w=girê dan}} , {{ji|ira-pro|ku|*derb-}} / {{q|ira-pro|*derf-|w=dirûn, girê dan}}, {{fa}}: '''derefş''' ("---"), {{sem}}: '''dirit''' ("---"), {{siv}}: '''dirow''' ("dirûn") , {{xun}}: '''duruft''' ("dirûn") {{ir}}, {{ku}}: '''dirûn, dirûtin''' , {{zza}}: '''[[derewtene]]'''), {{sa}}: '''derbh'''- ("girê dan"), {{enk}}: '''[[tearflian]]''' ("badan") <font style="font-size:10px">'''Çavkanî:''' [[Şablon:Cheung|Cheung p.60]]</font> | <font style="font-size:10px">'''Pokorny:''' -</font><br /> ==== Bi zaravayên din ==== * {{Z|zza}}: {{W-|zza|deştene}} * {{Z|sdh}}: {{W-|sdh|düranin|sc=Latn}} * {{Z|lki}}: {{W-|lki|düranin|sc=Latn}} ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|naaldwerk doen}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|steppen}}, {{W+|de|heften}}, {{W+|de|nähen}}, {{W|de|häkeln|guman=erê}} * {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|sy}} * {{Z|ar}}: {{W+|ar|خياطة}}, {{W+|ar|تطريز}} * {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|stebi}}, {{W+|eo|kudri}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W|fa|بخیه|guman=erê}}, {{W|fa|چیدن محصول|guman=erê}}, {{W|fa|دوختن|guman=erê}}, {{W|fa|دوزندگی کردن|guman=erê}}, {{W|fa|کوک|guman=erê}}, {{W|fa|کوک کردن|guman=erê}} * {{Z|fo}}: {{W+|fo|seyma afturíaftur}}, {{W+|fo|seyma}} * {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|ommella}}, {{W+|fi|kutoa}} * {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|coudre}} * {{Z|fy}}: {{W+|fy|naaie}}, {{W+|fy|nuddelje}} * {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|stikken}}, {{W+|nl|naaien}} * {{Z|en}}: to {{W+|en|sew}}, to {{W+|en|quilt}}, to {{W+|en|stitch}}, {{W|en|harvest home|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|harvesthome|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|harvesting|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|textile|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|tilbring|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|seam}} * {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|cosir}} * {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|varr}} * {{Z|no}}: {{W+|no|sy}} * {{Z|pap}}: {{W+|pap|kose}} * {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|pespontar}}, {{W+|pt|coser}}, {{W+|pt|costurar}} * {{Z|srn}}: {{W+|srn|nay}} * {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|pespuntear}}, {{W+|es|coser a máquina}}, {{W+|es|coser}} * {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|sy}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|dikmek}}, {{W|tr|biçmek|guman=erê}} {{werger-bin}} === Navdêr 1 === {{ku-tewîn-nav|dirûn|mê}} [[Wêne:Woman with Singer.jpg|thumb|Jinek bi makîneya '''dirûnê''' cilan didirû.]] {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # [[girê dan|girêdan]]a [[qumaş]] bi hev ve bi [[derzî|derziyê]] ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W|tr|biçim|guman=erê}}, {{W|tr|biçme|guman=erê}}, {{W|tr|dikim|guman=erê}}, {{W|tr|dikiş|guman=erê}}, {{W|tr|dikme|guman=erê}} {{werger-bin}} {{bend}} === Lêker 2=== {{ku-tewîn-lk|dirûn|form=gerguhêz|niha=dirû|borî=dirû}} {{lêker|ku|c=x-gh}} # {{maneid|ku|giya birîn}} [[debr]], [[giya]] [[birîn]] (bi taybetî [[dexlûdan]]) #: {{mk|ku|Divê em vê zeviyê '''bidirûn'''.}} #: {{mk|ku|Deh zelam bo '''dirûna''' vê zeviyê lazim in.}} ==== Herwiha ==== {{stûn| * [[dirîn]] * [[dirûtin]] * [[dirwîn]] * [[drûn]] * [[drûtin]] }} ==== Jê ==== * [[dirûyî]] ==== Etîmolojî ==== Belkî ji {{ji|ine-pro|ku|*tewd-}}, {{q|ine-pro|*stewd-|w=[[lê dan]], [[birîn]], [[dirûtin]]}}, [[hevreh]]a soranî [[dirwên]], sanskrîtî तुदति (tudati: [[lê dan]]), latînî [[tundĕre]] ([[dirûn]], [[birîn]]), fransî [[tondre]] ([[dirûn]], [[birîn]]), spanî [[tundir]] ([[dirûn]], [[birîn]]), almanî [[stoßen]] (lê dan), danmarkî [[støde]]. Bo hin peyvên din jî ku di kurdî de "r" lê zêde bûye tevî ku di rehê wê yê {{ji|ine-pro|ku|-}} de "r" nîne, binere [[stran]] û [[strû]]. Yan jî ji "dirû(ti)n" (1) yan têkilî "[[dirandin]]". Hêjayî gotinê ye ku di hin devokên kurmancî de "dirûn" bi vê maneyê nayê bikaranîn lê li cihê wê [[çinîn]] li kar e. Bi heman awayî di farisî de jî {{g|fa|چیدن|tr=çîden}} ku hevreha [[çinîn]]a kurmancî ye. ==== Bi zaravayên din ==== * {{Z|ckb}}: {{W-|ckb|دروێنە کردن}} ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|mähen}} * {{Z|id}}: [[memotong]] [[rumput]] * {{Z|ar}}: {{W+|ar|حصاد}} * {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|tondi}} * {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|maaien}} * {{Z|fr}}: [[couper]] l'[[herbe]], {{W+|fr|faucher}} * {{Z|en}}: to {{W+|en|reap}}, to {{W+|en|mow}}, to {{W+|en|scythe}}, to {{W+|en|harvest}}, to [[cut]] (grass) * {{Z|ja}}: [[刈る]] ([[かる]], [[karu]]) * {{Z|pl}}: : [[kosić]], {{W+|pl|skosić}}, {{W+|pl|żąć}}, {{W+|pl|zżąć}} * {{Z|es}}: [[cortar]] la [[hierba]] {{werger-bin}} === Navdêr 2 === [[Wêne:Agriculture in Volgograd Oblast 002.JPG|thumb|'''Dirûna''' dexlûdan bi makîneyê.]] {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # {{maneid|ku|debr}} {{bêwate}} #: {{bêmînak}} ==== Bi zaravayên din ==== * {{Z|ckb}}: {{W-|ckb|دروێنە}} ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|fauchage|n}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|mowing}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|biçme}} {{werger-bin}} a84y0eras7efgluj9i7wcg4b3eqcdq9 kom 0 7929 6236131 6097217 2026-05-27T02:42:53Z Ghybu 1393 /* Navdêr 1 */ 6236131 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{IPA|ku|/kʰoːm/}} * {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163 (kmr)-Ebulfîda-kom.wav|Deng|Bidlîs}} * {{ku-kîte}} === Navdêr 1 === {{ku-tewîn-nav|kom|mê}} {{navdêr|ku|z=m}}, {{k-ya req}} # [[çendîn|Çendîn]] kes yan tişt bi hev re, [[gelek]] kes yan tişt li gel hev. #: {{hevmane|ku|grûp|ref|celeb|kerî|koz|hoz|revde}} #* {{bêmînak|ku}} # [[pol]], [[sinif]] #* {{jêder|ku|jêgirtin=Bavê min dibê, "Na, nabe ku qîza min êdî bixwîne, wê heta '''koma''' dehan xwendiye, bes e. (...)"|{{Jêgirtin/Sîma Semend/Xezal/1996}}}} ==== Ji wêjeya klasîk ==== * {{jêder|ku|{{Jêgirtin/Feqiyê Teyran}}|jêgirtin=belkî derxin ji ber derûretê</br>'''Komek''' li me lazim bûye</br>Ger çi ne meşrû darû ye}} ==== Bi alfabeyên din ==== * {{ku-ar|كۆم}} ==== Jê ==== {{kol3|ku|cure=Jê |kom bûn<w:[[civîn]], [[berhev]] bûn><pos:lêker> |kom kirin<w:[[civandin]], [[berhev kirin]]><pos:lêker> |kombûn<w:[[civîn]], [[berhev]]bûn><pos:navdêr> |komkirin<w:[[civandin]], [[berhevkirin]]><pos:navdêr> |kombûyî<w:[[civiyayî]], [[berhev]]bûyî><pos:rengdêr> |komkirî<w:[[civandî]], [[berhevkirî]]><pos:rengdêr> |komandin |komandî |komar |komarî |komele |komik |komîner |komînerî |kom-kom |kombers }} ==== Etîmolojî ==== Hevrehên soranî {{q|ckb|komar|sc=Latn}}, {{q|ckb|komele|sc=Latn}}, [[kurdiya başûrî]] {{q|sdh|kûme|sc=Latn}}, hewramî {{q|hac|koma|sc=Latn}}, farisî {{g|fa|کومه|tr=kûmê}}, tirkî {{q|tr|küme}}, hemû ji {{ji|ine-pro|ku|*keu|tr=pif bûn}}. Ji heman rehî: {{q|ku|gumtil}} - "-til" ji {{q|ku|til}} (2). Herçi tevlihev bûye, ne hevrreha {{hv|ckb|کۆ}}, ku hevrreha {{q|ku|gog}} e. ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|sq}}: {{W+|sq|grup|n}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Gruppe|m}} * {{Z|ast}}: {{W-|ast|grupu|n}} * {{Z|az}}: {{W+|az|qrup}}, {{W+|az|dəstə}} * {{Z|eu}}: {{W+|eu|talde}} * {{Z|ba}}: {{W-|ba|төркөм}} * {{Z|be}}: {{W-|be|гру́па|m}} * {{Z|bn}}: {{W-|bn|গ্রুপ}} * {{Z|bg}}: {{W-|bg|гру́па|m}} * {{Z|my}}: {{W+|my|အစု}} * {{Z|cs}}: {{W+|cs|skupina|m}} * {{Z|ny}}: {{W-|ny|gulu}} * {{Z|zh}}: *: {{Z|cmn}}: {{W-|cmn|集團|tr=jítuán}}, {{W+|cmn|群|tr=qún}}, {{W+|cmn|組|tr=zǔ}} * {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|gruppe|g}} * {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|kelompok}}, {{W+|id|grup}} * {{Z|ar}}: {{W+|ar|مَجْمُوعَة|m}}, {{W+|ar|جَمَاعَة|m}}, {{W-|ar|نَفَر|n}}, {{W+|ar|طَائِفَة|m}} *: {{Z|afb}}: {{W-|afb|قروب|nt|tr=grūp}}, {{W-|afb|مجموعة|m|tr=majmūʕa}} *: {{Z|acw}}: {{W-|acw|مجموعة|m|tr=majmūʕa}}, {{W-|acw|جَمَاعَة|m|tr=jamāʕa}}, {{W-|acw|قروب|n|tr=gurūb, grūb}} * {{Z|hy}}: {{W+|hy|խումբ}} * {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|grupo}} * {{Z|et}}: {{W+|et|rühm}}, {{W-|et|grupp}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|گروه|tr=goruh}}, {{W+|fa|مجموعه|tr=majmu'e}} * {{Z|fo}}: {{W+|fo|bólkur|n}}, {{W-|fo|flokkur|n}} * {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|joukko}}, {{W+|fi|ryhmä}} * {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|groupe|n}} * {{Z|fy}}: {{W-|fy|kloft}} * {{Z|gd}}: {{W-|gd|cuideachd|m}} * {{Z|gl}}: {{W+|gl|grupo|n}}, {{W-|gl|fatado|n}}, {{W+|gl|fato|n}}, {{W+|gl|feixe|n}} * {{Z|ka}}: {{W-|ka|ჯგუფი}} * {{Z|gn}}: {{W+|gn|aty}} * {{Z|ht}}: {{W-|ht|gwoup}} * {{Z|ha}}: {{W+|ha|ƙungiya}} * {{Z|hi}}: {{W+|hi|समूह|n}}, {{W+|hi|ग्रूप|n}} * {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|groep|m}}, {{W+|nl|verzameling|m}} * {{Z|he}}: {{W-|he|קְבוּצָה|m|tr=k'vutzá}} * {{Z|ang}}: {{W-|ang|hēap|n}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|group}} * {{Z|ga}}: {{W+|ga|dream|n}} * {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|gruppo|n}}, {{W+|it|formazione}} * {{Z|is}}: {{W+|is|hópur|n}} * {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|集団|tr=しゅうだん, shūdan}}, {{W+|ja|グループ|tr=gurūpu}}, {{W+|ja|組|tr=くみ, kumi}}, {{W+|ja|群|tr=ぐん, gun}}, {{W+|ja|群れ|tr=むれ, mure}} * {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|grup|n}} * {{Z|ky}}: {{W+|ky|группа}}, {{W+|ky|топ}} * {{Z|ko}}: {{W+|ko|그룹}}, {{W+|ko|그루빠}}, {{W+|ko|집단}}, {{W+|ko|군}} * {{Z|la}}: {{W-|la|circulus|n}}, {{W+|la|grex|n}}, {{W+|la|globus|n}}, {{W+|la|turma|m}} *: {{Z|la}}: {{W-|la|grupus|n}} * {{Z|lv}}: {{W-|lv|grupa|m}} * {{Z|lo}}: {{W+|lo|ກຸ່ມ}} * {{Z|lt}}: {{W+|lt|grupė|m}} * {{Z|mk}}: {{W-|mk|група|m}} * {{Z|ms}}: {{W+|ms|kumpulan}} * {{Z|mr}}: {{W-|mr|समूह|n}} * {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|csoport}} * {{Z|mn}}: *: Kirîlî: {{W+|mn|бүлэг}} *: Mongolî: {{W-|mn|ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ}} * {{Z|ne}}: {{W+|ne|समूह}} * {{Z|nrf}}: {{W-|nrf|dgaîngue|m}} * {{Z|no}}: *: {{Z|nb}}: {{W+|nb|gruppe|n|m}} *: {{Z|nn}}: {{W+|nn|gruppe|m}} * {{Z|oc}}: {{W+|oc|grop|n}} * {{Z|ug}}: {{W-|ug|گۇرۇپپا}}, {{W-|ug|گۇرۇھ}} * {{Z|uz}}: {{W+|uz|gruppa}}, {{W+|uz|guruh}}, {{W+|uz|toʻp}}, {{W+|uz|toʻda}} * {{Z|ps}}: {{W+|ps|ډله|m|tr=ḍála}}, {{W+|ps|گروه|n|tr=groh}} * {{Z|pdt}}: {{W-|pdt|Grupp|m}} * {{Z|pl}}: {{W+|pl|grupa|m}}, {{W+|pl|kupa|m}} * {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|grupo|n}} * {{Z|kk}}: {{W-|kk|топ}}, {{W-|kk|қауым}} * {{Z|ro}}: {{W+|ro|grup|nt}} * {{Z|ru}}: {{W-|ru|гру́ппа|m}}, {{W-|ru|коллекти́в|n}} * {{Z|scn}}: {{W+|scn|gruppu|n}} * {{Z|sh}}: *: Kirîlî: {{W-|sh|гру̏па|m}}, {{W-|sh|ску̏пина|m}} *: Latînî: {{W+|sh|grȕpa|m}}, {{W+|sh|skȕpina|m}} * {{Z|sk}}: {{W+|sk|skupina|m}} * {{Z|sl}}: {{W+|sl|skupína|m}} * {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|grupo|n}} * {{Z|sw}}: {{W+|sw|kundi}} * {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|grupp|g}} * {{Z|tg}}: {{W+|tg|гурӯҳ}} * {{Z|th}}: {{W+|th|กลุ่ม}} * {{Z|te}}: {{W+|te|సమూహం}}, {{W+|te|గుంపు}} * {{Z|tt}}: {{W+|tt|төркем}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|grup}}, {{W+|tr|küme}} * {{Z|tk}}: {{W-|tk|gruppa}}, {{W-|tk|top}} * {{Z|txb}}: {{W-|txb|kraupe}} * {{Z|tum}}: {{W-|tum|gulu}} * {{Z|ur}}: {{W-|ur|گروہ|tr=gurōh}}, {{W-|ur|گروپ|n|tr=grūp}} * {{Z|uk}}: {{W-|uk|гру́па|m}} * {{Z|vi}}: {{W+|vi|nhóm}} * {{Z|cy}}: {{W+|cy|twr}} * {{Z|km}}: {{W+|km|ក្រុម}} * {{Z|yi}}: {{W-|yi|גרופּע|m}} * {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|ομάδα|m}} * {{Z|za}}: {{W-|za|cizdonz}} {{werger-bin}} :{{werger çavkanî|en|group|beş=Ev qismê Wergerê|oldid=75964363}} === Navdêr 2 === {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # avahiyê dewaran / sewalan. {{guherto|gov}} #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} {{werger-bin}} === Rengdêr === {{bêçavkanî}} {{rengdêr|ku}} # [[qelew]], [[gir]], [[zexm]] #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Bilêvkirin ==== * Bi K-ya nerm wek "kevir" ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} {{werger-bin}} == {{ziman|dag}} == === Navdêr === {{navdêr|dag}} # {{mijar|dag|vexwarin}} {{g|ku|av}} #* {{bêmînak|dag}} === Çavkanî === {{rûpela wergerê|dag|av/Werger}} == {{ziman|nl}} == === Navdêr === {{navdêr|nl|z=m}} # {{mijar|nl|aman}} {{g|ku|tirar}}, {{g|ku|tas}}, {{g|ku|kas}} #* {{bêmînak|nl}} === Çavkanî === {{rûpela wergerê|nl|tirar}} == {{ziman|tr}} == === Navdêr === {{navdêr|tr}} # [[gom]] #* {{bêmînak|tr}} # [[zom]] #* {{bêmînak|tr}} 27taw1c9v6fbg5frfj5f3eal484pd3n grûp 0 7936 6236137 6211654 2026-05-27T03:00:17Z Ghybu 1393 /* Navdêr */ 6236137 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-IPA}} * {{ku-kîte}} === Navdêr === {{ku-tewîn-nav|grûp|mê}} {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # [[çendîn|Çendîn]] kes yan tişt bi hev re, [[gelek]] kes yan tişt li gel hev. #: {{hevmane|ku|kom|ref|celeb|kerî}} #* {{bêmînak|ku}} # {{kontrol|rêz=erê|[[revde]], [[bir]], [[hoz]], [[koz]], [[ajal]], [[col]], [[colek]]}} #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Herwiha ==== {{kol3|ku | girob | girop | grob | grop | girub | girup | grub | grup | girûb | girûp | grûb | gurob | gurop | gurub | gurup | gurûb | gurûp }} ==== Jê ==== {{kol3|ku | grûpane | grûp-grûp | grûpî }} ==== Etîmolojî ==== Bi riya fransî {{q|ku|groupe}} lê fransî jî bixwe ji îtalî deyn kiriye. Ji îtalî {{q|it|gruppo|w=[[girê]]}} û ji jermenî 'kruppa'( girseya gilover, koma gilover) û girêk ya kurdî bi peyva 'groupe' ra hevreh e. ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W|de|Gang}} {{m}}, {{W|de|Partie|guman=erê}} {{m}}, {{W|de|Trupp|guman=erê}} {{n}} * {{Z|ar}}: {{W|ar|طاقم|guman=erê}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W|fa|گروه}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W|en|bloc}}, {{W|en|group}}, {{W|en|league}}, {{W|en|team}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W|tr|fraksiyon}}, {{W|tr|kitle}}, {{W|tr|koz}}, {{W|tr|lig}}, {{W|tr|grup|guman=erê}} {{werger-bin}} {{kontrolWergerr}} p3yvnuyjbk94qx6shlse40i186jupbw civat 0 8420 6236133 6113354 2026-05-27T02:49:06Z Ghybu 1393 /* Navdêr */ 6236133 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-IPA}} * {{deng|ku|LL-Q36368 (kur)-Dildadil-civat.wav|Deng|Amed}} * {{ku-kîte}} === Navdêr === {{ku-tewîn-nav|civat|mê}} {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # [[kom|Komek]] [[mirov]]an ya li hev [[civîn|dicive]] anku [[kom]] dibe û [[suhbet]]ê dike yan [[biryar]]an dide. #: {{hevmane|ku|meclis}} #: {{nim|ku|'''Civata''' parêzgeha Dihokê evroke kom bû.}} # [[civak|Civak]], hemî mirovên ji [[çande]]yekê yan li [[welat]]ekî. #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Bi alfabeyên din ==== * {{ku-ar|جڤات}} ==== Hevmane ==== {{kol3|ku |cemaat |cemaet |cema'at |cema'et |cemait |cema'it |cimaat |cima'at |cimaet |cima'et |cimait |cima'it }} ==== Bide ber ==== {{kol3|ku |civak |koçk |komele |sosyete }} ==== Jê ==== {{kol3|ku|cure=Jê |civatî |civatdost |civatdostî |civathez |civathezî |civatyar |civatyarî |civat bûn<pos:lêker> |civat kirin<pos:lêker> |civatbûn<pos:navdêr> |civatkirin<pos:navdêr> |civatbûyî<pos:rengdêr> |civatkirî<pos:rengdêr> }} ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji [[cimat]] ji [[cemaet]] ji {{deyn|ar|ku|جَمَاعَة}}, têkilî [[civandin]], [[civîn]] û [[civak]]. Bo guherîna M bi V, bidin ber [[nav]], [[gav]], [[dav]]. ==== Dûnde ==== * {{dû|ckb|جڤات<tr:civat>|deyn=1}} ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Gemeinde|m}}, {{W+|de|Gesellschaft|m}}, {{W+|de|Leute|n}}, {{W+|de|Zusammenkunft|m}}, {{W+|de|Umgegend|guman=erê}} * {{Z|ar}}: {{W+|ar|اجتماع|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|العنق|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|الغاط|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|الكثف|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|الندوة|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|الندي|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|الهدالة|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|الهدملة|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|الوهط|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|مجلس|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|محفل|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|مقامة|guman=erê}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|اجتماع}}, {{W+|fa|جماعت}}, {{W+|fa|جامعه}}, {{W+|fa|انجمن}} * {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|société}}, {{W+|fr|communauté}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|community}}, {{W+|en|company}}, {{W+|en|people}}, {{W+|en|society}}, {{W+|en|legislature}}, {{W+|en|denomination}}, {{W+|en|council}}, {{W+|en|congregation|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|consortium|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|seance|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|session|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|church|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|collegium|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|collective|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|league|guman=erê}}, {{W-|en|sbond|guman=erê}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|alem}}, {{W+|tr|camia}}, {{W+|tr|cemaat}}, {{W+|tr|cemiyet}}, {{W+|tr|cumhur}}, {{W+|tr|ehil}}, {{W+|tr|kongre}}, {{W+|tr|konsey}}, {{W+|tr|meclis}}, {{W+|tr|şûra}}, {{W+|tr|topluluk}}, {{W+|tr|zümre}}, {{W+|tr|toplum}}, {{W+|tr|kurul}}, {{W+|tr|sosyete}} {{werger-bin}} hu9m0h6v2kuz67xs5plt3mwbo9sx2wa çend 0 11812 6236190 6235859 2026-05-27T10:49:39Z Bikarhêner 3719 /* */ bi [[MediaWiki:Gadget-AjaxEdit.js|AjaxEdit]]ê re 6236190 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-IPA|ç(h)end}} * {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163 (kmr)-Key Mîrza-çend.wav|Deng|Wan}} * {{ku-kîte}} === Hoker === {{hoker|ku}} # [[çiqas]], [[çi]] [[qiyas]], [[çi]] [[hejmar]] #: ''- Hûn '''çend''' kes in?'' <br> ''- Em pênc in.'' <br> ''- Ew gelek / piçek in.''<br>''Ev bi çendê ye?'' ([[biha|Bihayê]] vê çi ye?) # [[hin]], [[hinek]] #: '''''Çend''' kes hatin.'' (Hin kes hatin.) # [[tişt]], [[rwîdan]]a me [[berî]] nuke [[behis]] kirî #: ''Ew '''çenda''' çêbûyî nebaş bû.'' ==== Ji wêjeya klasîk ==== * {{jêder|ku|{{Jêgirtin/Mela Hisênê Bateyî/Mewlûda Kurdî}}|jêgirtin=Der „Seren" dibê bi erdê ket girî</br>'''Çend''' salan rohnîkê wî bûne herî}} ==== Herwiha ==== * [[çen]] * [[çenn]] ==== Bi alfabeyên din ==== * {{ku-ar|چەند}} ==== Têkilî ==== * [[çawa]] * [[çilo]] * [[çito]] ==== Bide ber ==== * [[çeng]] ==== Jê ==== {{stûn| * [[çenda]] * [[çendan]] * [[çende]] * [[çendek]] * [[çendî]] * [[çendîn]] }} ==== Etîmolojî ==== Hevreha {{hv|ckb|چه‌ند|tr=çend}} û {{g|ckb|چه‌ن|tr=çen}}, {{diq|zza|çend}} ''çend'', hewramî {{g|hac||tr=çinne}}, farisî {{g|fa|چند|tr=çend}}, [[hexamenîşî]] ''çiyent-'', avestayî ''çivent-'', sanskrîtî ''kivent-'' ji {{ji|ine-pro|ku|*kuiʰent-}} (k-ya {{ji|ine-pro|ku|-}} di zimanên îranî de dibe s/ş/z/ç) ku herwiha serekaniya latînî {{q|la|quantus}} e ku serekaniya pirraniya peyvên bi heman maneyê yên zimanên [[romenî]] ye: fransî {{q|fr|quant}}, îtalî û portugalî {{q|pt|quanto}}, spanî {{q|es|cuanto}}, romanî {{q|ro|cât}}... Herwiha bersiva wê [[hindî]], ji {{heve|ku|he|-end|w1=ev}}. ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser|çi hejmar yan çiqas}} * {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|hoeveel}} * {{Z|akl}}: {{W-|akl|pila}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|wie viele}} * {{Z|arc}}: *: Îbranî: {{W-|arc|כמא}} *: Siryanî: {{W-|arc|ܟܡܐ}} * {{Z|ast}}: {{W+|ast|cuántos|n-p}}, {{W+|ast|cuántas|m-p}} * {{Z|az}}: {{W+|az|neçə}} * {{Z|ba}}: {{W-|ba|нисә}}, {{W-|ba|күпме}} * {{Z|be}}: {{W+|be|ко́лькі}} * {{Z|bcl}}: {{W-|bcl|pira}} * {{Z|bg}}: {{W+|bg|ко́лко}} * {{Z|my}}: {{W+|my|ဘယ်လောက်|sc=Mymr}} * {{Z|cs}}: {{W+|cs|kolik}} * {{Z|chy}}: {{W-|chy|tónesto}} * {{Z|zh}}: *: {{Z|yue}}: {{W-|yue|幾|tr=gei2}}, {{W-|yue|幾多|tr=gei2 do1}} *: {{Z|dng}}: {{W-|dng|дуәшо}}, {{W-|dng|җи}} *: {{Z|cmn}}: {{W+|cmn|多少|tr=duōshǎo}}, {{W+|cmn|幾|tr=jǐ}}, {{W+|cmn|幾個|tr=jǐgè}} * {{Z|dak}}: {{W-|dak|tonakeca he?}} * {{Z|da}}: {{W-|da|[[hvor]] [[mange]]}} * {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|berapa}} * {{Z|ar}}: {{W+|ar|كَم}} * {{Z|hy}}: {{W+|hy|քանի}} * {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|kiom}} * {{Z|et}}: {{W-|et|kui mitu}} * {{Z|evn}}: {{W-|evn|ады}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|چند|tr=čand}}, {{W+|fa|چند تا|tr=čand-tâ}} * {{Z|fi}}: {{W-|fi|[[kuinka]] [[monta]]}}, {{W-|fi|montako}} * {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|combien}} * {{Z|gl}}: {{W-|gl|cantos|n-p}}, {{W-|gl|cantas|m-p}} * {{Z|ka}}: {{W+|ka|რამდენი|sc=Geor}} * {{Z|gn}}: {{W-|gn|[[mboy]]}} * {{Z|hi}}: {{W-|hi|कितने}} * {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|hoeveel}} * {{Z|he}}: {{W+|he|כַּמָּה|tr=káma}} * {{Z|io}}: {{W+|io|quanta}} * {{Z|ang}}: {{W-|ang|hū fela}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|how many}} * {{Z|izh}}: {{W-|izh|monta}} * {{Z|ia}}: {{W-|ia|quante}} * {{Z|ga}}: {{W-|ga|cé mhéad}}, {{W-|ga|cá mhéad}} * {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|quanti|n-p}}, {{W+|it|quante|m-p}} * {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|幾つ|tr=いくつ, ikutsu}}, {{W+|ja|いくつ|tr=ikutsu}}, {{W+|ja|何|tr=なん, nan}}, {{W-|ja|幾-|tr=iku-}} * {{Z|kaw}}: {{W-|kaw|pira}} * {{Z|jv}}: {{W+|jv|pira}} * {{Z|pam}}: {{W-|pam|pilan}} * {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|quants|n-p}}, {{W+|ca|quantes|m-p}} * {{Z|qu}}: {{W+|qu|hayk'a}} * {{Z|ky}}: {{W+|ky|канча|sc=Cyrl}} * {{Z|ko}}: {{W+|ko|얼마}}, {{W+|ko|얼마나}}, {{W+|ko|몇}} * {{Z|la}}: {{W-|la|quot}} * {{Z|lv}}: {{W-|lv|cik}} * {{Z|lo}}: {{W-|lo|ຈັກ}} * {{Z|lt}}: {{W-|lt|kiek}} * {{Z|mhn}}: {{W-|mhn|biavle}} * {{Z|mk}}: {{W+|mk|колку}} * {{Z|ms}}: {{W-|ms|berapa}} * {{Z|mt}}: {{W+|mt|kemm}} * {{Z|mi}}: {{W-|mi|e hia}}, {{W-|mi|tokohia}} * {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|hány}} * {{Z|mn}}: {{W+|mn|хэд|sc=Cyrl}}, {{W-|mn|хэдэн|sc=Cyrl}} * {{Z|nah}}: {{W-|nah|kexki}} * {{Z|gld}}: {{W-|gld|хадо}} * {{Z|nv}}: {{W-|nv|díkwíí}} * {{Z|nrf}}: {{W-|nrf|combein}}, {{W-|nrf|caombian}} * {{Z|no}}: *: {{Z|nb}}: {{W-|nb|hvor mange}} * {{Z|oj}}: {{W-|oj|aaniin daswi}} * {{Z|oc}}: {{W+|oc|quants}}, {{W+|oc|quantes}} * {{Z|om}}: {{W-|om|meeqa}} * {{Z|ug}}: {{W-|ug|نەچچە}}, {{W-|ug|قانچىلىك}}, {{W-|ug|قانچە}} * {{Z|uz}}: {{W+|uz|qancha}} * {{Z|pau}}: {{W-|pau|ngtelang}} * {{Z|ps}}: {{W+|ps|څو|tr=tsu|sc=Arab}} * {{Z|pl}}: {{W+|pl|ile|p}} * {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|quantos|n}}, {{W+|pt|quantas|m}} * {{Z|kk}}: {{W-|kk|қанша|sc=Cyrl}} * {{Z|ro}}: {{W-|ro|câți|n-p}}, {{W+|ro|câte|m-p}} * {{Z|ru}}: {{W+|ru|ско́лько}} * {{Z|sid}}: {{W-|sid|meʼe}} * {{Z|sh}}: *: Kirîlî: {{W-|sh|колико|sc=Cyrl}} *: Latînî: {{W+|sh|koliko}} * {{Z|sk}}: {{W-|sk|koľko}} * {{Z|sl}}: {{W+|sl|kóliko}} * {{Z|so}}: {{W-|so|meeqa}} * {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|cuántos|n}}, {{W-|es|cuántas|m}} * {{Z|sw}}: {{W-|sw|ngapi|cuda=-ngapi}} * {{Z|sv}}: {{W-|sv|[[hur]] [[många]]}} * {{Z|tg}}: {{W+|tg|чанд|sc=Cyrl}} * {{Z|tl}}: {{W-|tl|ilan}} * {{Z|th}}: {{W+|th|เท่าไร}}, {{W+|th|กี่}} * {{Z|tet}}: {{W-|tet|hira}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|kaç}} * {{Z|tk}}: {{W-|tk|näçe}} * {{Z|bo}}: {{W-|bo|ག་ཚོད}} * {{Z|tpi}}: {{W-|tpi|hamas}} * {{Z|ur}}: {{W-|ur|کِتنے|tr=kitne}} * {{Z|uk}}: {{W-|uk|скі́льки}}, {{W-|uk|кі́лько}} * {{Z|vi}}: {{W+|vi|mấy}}, {{W+|vi|bao nhiêu}} * {{Z|vo}}: {{W+|vo|liomödotik}} * {{Z|cy}}: {{W+|cy|faint|n}}, {{W-|cy|sawl}} * {{Z|wo}}: {{W+|wo|ñaata}} * {{Z|km}}: {{W+|km|ប៉ុន្មាន}} * {{Z|sah}}: {{W-|sah|хас}} * {{Z|yi}}: {{W-|yi|וויפֿל}} * {{Z|yo}}: {{W-|yo|mélòó}} * {{Z|esu}}: {{W-|esu|qavcin}} * {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|πόσοι}} *: Kevn: {{W-|grc|[[πόσος|πόσοι]]}} * {{Z|za}}: {{W-|za|geij}}, {{W-|za|geijlai}} * {{Z|ase}}: {{W-|ase|S@InsideChesthigh-PalmUp-S@InsideChesthigh-PalmUp 5@InsideChesthigh-PalmUp-5@InsideChesthigh-PalmUp}} {{werger-bin}} :{{werger çavkanî|en|how many|beş=Ev qismê Wergerê|oldid=75710605}} {{werger-bnr|hinek}} === Rengdêr === {{rengdêr|ku}} # {{reşwanî}} [[dêwîn]], [[gelek]] [[mezin]] #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Etîmolojî ==== {{etîmolojî?}} ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} {{werger-bin}} es3ic3mdzcvzoonr7ip4if65ye6n1em 6236191 6236190 2026-05-27T10:50:28Z Bikarhêner 3719 /* */ bi [[MediaWiki:Gadget-AjaxEdit.js|AjaxEdit]]ê re 6236191 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-IPA|ç(h)end}} * {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163 (kmr)-Key Mîrza-çend.wav|Deng|Wan}} * {{ku-kîte}} === Hoker === {{hoker|ku}} # [[çiqas]], [[çi]] [[qiyas]], [[çi]] [[hejmar]] #: ''- Hûn '''çend''' kes in?'' <br> ''- Em pênc in.'' <br> ''- Ew gelek / piçek in.''<br>''Ev bi çendê ye?'' ([[biha|Bihayê]] vê çi ye?) # [[hin]], [[hinek]] #: '''''Çend''' kes hatin.'' (Hin kes hatin.) # [[tişt]], [[rwîdan]]a me [[berî]] nuke [[behis]] kirî #: ''Ew '''çenda''' çêbûyî nebaş bû.'' ==== Ji wêjeya klasîk ==== * {{jêder|ku|{{Jêgirtin/Mela Hisênê Bateyî/Mewlûda Kurdî}}|jêgirtin=Der „Seren" dibê bi erdê ket girî</br>'''Çend''' salan rohnîkê wî bûne herî}} ==== Herwiha ==== * [[çen]] * [[çenn]] ==== Bi alfabeyên din ==== * {{ku-ar|چەند}} ==== Têkilî ==== * [[çawa]] * [[çilo]] * [[çito]] ==== Bide ber ==== * [[çeng]] ==== Jê ==== {{stûn| * [[çenda]] * [[çendan]] * [[çende]] * [[çendek]] * [[çendî]] * [[çendîn]] }} ==== Etîmolojî ==== Hevreha {{hv|ckb|چه‌ند|tr=çend}} û {{g|ckb|چه‌ن|tr=çen}}, {{hv|zza|çend}}, hewramî {{g|hac||tr=çinne}}, farisî {{g|fa|چند|tr=çend}}, [[hexamenîşî]] ''çiyent-'', avestayî ''çivent-'', sanskrîtî ''kivent-'' ji {{ji|ine-pro|ku|*kuiʰent-}} (k-ya {{ji|ine-pro|ku|-}} di zimanên îranî de dibe s/ş/z/ç) ku herwiha serekaniya latînî {{q|la|quantus}} e ku serekaniya pirraniya peyvên bi heman maneyê yên zimanên [[romenî]] ye: fransî {{q|fr|quant}}, îtalî û portugalî {{q|pt|quanto}}, spanî {{q|es|cuanto}}, romanî {{q|ro|cât}}... Herwiha bersiva wê [[hindî]], ji {{heve|ku|he|-end|w1=ev}}. ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser|çi hejmar yan çiqas}} * {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|hoeveel}} * {{Z|akl}}: {{W-|akl|pila}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|wie viele}} * {{Z|arc}}: *: Îbranî: {{W-|arc|כמא}} *: Siryanî: {{W-|arc|ܟܡܐ}} * {{Z|ast}}: {{W+|ast|cuántos|n-p}}, {{W+|ast|cuántas|m-p}} * {{Z|az}}: {{W+|az|neçə}} * {{Z|ba}}: {{W-|ba|нисә}}, {{W-|ba|күпме}} * {{Z|be}}: {{W+|be|ко́лькі}} * {{Z|bcl}}: {{W-|bcl|pira}} * {{Z|bg}}: {{W+|bg|ко́лко}} * {{Z|my}}: {{W+|my|ဘယ်လောက်|sc=Mymr}} * {{Z|cs}}: {{W+|cs|kolik}} * {{Z|chy}}: {{W-|chy|tónesto}} * {{Z|zh}}: *: {{Z|yue}}: {{W-|yue|幾|tr=gei2}}, {{W-|yue|幾多|tr=gei2 do1}} *: {{Z|dng}}: {{W-|dng|дуәшо}}, {{W-|dng|җи}} *: {{Z|cmn}}: {{W+|cmn|多少|tr=duōshǎo}}, {{W+|cmn|幾|tr=jǐ}}, {{W+|cmn|幾個|tr=jǐgè}} * {{Z|dak}}: {{W-|dak|tonakeca he?}} * {{Z|da}}: {{W-|da|[[hvor]] [[mange]]}} * {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|berapa}} * {{Z|ar}}: {{W+|ar|كَم}} * {{Z|hy}}: {{W+|hy|քանի}} * {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|kiom}} * {{Z|et}}: {{W-|et|kui mitu}} * {{Z|evn}}: {{W-|evn|ады}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|چند|tr=čand}}, {{W+|fa|چند تا|tr=čand-tâ}} * {{Z|fi}}: {{W-|fi|[[kuinka]] [[monta]]}}, {{W-|fi|montako}} * {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|combien}} * {{Z|gl}}: {{W-|gl|cantos|n-p}}, {{W-|gl|cantas|m-p}} * {{Z|ka}}: {{W+|ka|რამდენი|sc=Geor}} * {{Z|gn}}: {{W-|gn|[[mboy]]}} * {{Z|hi}}: {{W-|hi|कितने}} * {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|hoeveel}} * {{Z|he}}: {{W+|he|כַּמָּה|tr=káma}} * {{Z|io}}: {{W+|io|quanta}} * {{Z|ang}}: {{W-|ang|hū fela}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|how many}} * {{Z|izh}}: {{W-|izh|monta}} * {{Z|ia}}: {{W-|ia|quante}} * {{Z|ga}}: {{W-|ga|cé mhéad}}, {{W-|ga|cá mhéad}} * {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|quanti|n-p}}, {{W+|it|quante|m-p}} * {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|幾つ|tr=いくつ, ikutsu}}, {{W+|ja|いくつ|tr=ikutsu}}, {{W+|ja|何|tr=なん, nan}}, {{W-|ja|幾-|tr=iku-}} * {{Z|kaw}}: {{W-|kaw|pira}} * {{Z|jv}}: {{W+|jv|pira}} * {{Z|pam}}: {{W-|pam|pilan}} * {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|quants|n-p}}, {{W+|ca|quantes|m-p}} * {{Z|qu}}: {{W+|qu|hayk'a}} * {{Z|ky}}: {{W+|ky|канча|sc=Cyrl}} * {{Z|ko}}: {{W+|ko|얼마}}, {{W+|ko|얼마나}}, {{W+|ko|몇}} * {{Z|la}}: {{W-|la|quot}} * {{Z|lv}}: {{W-|lv|cik}} * {{Z|lo}}: {{W-|lo|ຈັກ}} * {{Z|lt}}: {{W-|lt|kiek}} * {{Z|mhn}}: {{W-|mhn|biavle}} * {{Z|mk}}: {{W+|mk|колку}} * {{Z|ms}}: {{W-|ms|berapa}} * {{Z|mt}}: {{W+|mt|kemm}} * {{Z|mi}}: {{W-|mi|e hia}}, {{W-|mi|tokohia}} * {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|hány}} * {{Z|mn}}: {{W+|mn|хэд|sc=Cyrl}}, {{W-|mn|хэдэн|sc=Cyrl}} * {{Z|nah}}: {{W-|nah|kexki}} * {{Z|gld}}: {{W-|gld|хадо}} * {{Z|nv}}: {{W-|nv|díkwíí}} * {{Z|nrf}}: {{W-|nrf|combein}}, {{W-|nrf|caombian}} * {{Z|no}}: *: {{Z|nb}}: {{W-|nb|hvor mange}} * {{Z|oj}}: {{W-|oj|aaniin daswi}} * {{Z|oc}}: {{W+|oc|quants}}, {{W+|oc|quantes}} * {{Z|om}}: {{W-|om|meeqa}} * {{Z|ug}}: {{W-|ug|نەچچە}}, {{W-|ug|قانچىلىك}}, {{W-|ug|قانچە}} * {{Z|uz}}: {{W+|uz|qancha}} * {{Z|pau}}: {{W-|pau|ngtelang}} * {{Z|ps}}: {{W+|ps|څو|tr=tsu|sc=Arab}} * {{Z|pl}}: {{W+|pl|ile|p}} * {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|quantos|n}}, {{W+|pt|quantas|m}} * {{Z|kk}}: {{W-|kk|қанша|sc=Cyrl}} * {{Z|ro}}: {{W-|ro|câți|n-p}}, {{W+|ro|câte|m-p}} * {{Z|ru}}: {{W+|ru|ско́лько}} * {{Z|sid}}: {{W-|sid|meʼe}} * {{Z|sh}}: *: Kirîlî: {{W-|sh|колико|sc=Cyrl}} *: Latînî: {{W+|sh|koliko}} * {{Z|sk}}: {{W-|sk|koľko}} * {{Z|sl}}: {{W+|sl|kóliko}} * {{Z|so}}: {{W-|so|meeqa}} * {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|cuántos|n}}, {{W-|es|cuántas|m}} * {{Z|sw}}: {{W-|sw|ngapi|cuda=-ngapi}} * {{Z|sv}}: {{W-|sv|[[hur]] [[många]]}} * {{Z|tg}}: {{W+|tg|чанд|sc=Cyrl}} * {{Z|tl}}: {{W-|tl|ilan}} * {{Z|th}}: {{W+|th|เท่าไร}}, {{W+|th|กี่}} * {{Z|tet}}: {{W-|tet|hira}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|kaç}} * {{Z|tk}}: {{W-|tk|näçe}} * {{Z|bo}}: {{W-|bo|ག་ཚོད}} * {{Z|tpi}}: {{W-|tpi|hamas}} * {{Z|ur}}: {{W-|ur|کِتنے|tr=kitne}} * {{Z|uk}}: {{W-|uk|скі́льки}}, {{W-|uk|кі́лько}} * {{Z|vi}}: {{W+|vi|mấy}}, {{W+|vi|bao nhiêu}} * {{Z|vo}}: {{W+|vo|liomödotik}} * {{Z|cy}}: {{W+|cy|faint|n}}, {{W-|cy|sawl}} * {{Z|wo}}: {{W+|wo|ñaata}} * {{Z|km}}: {{W+|km|ប៉ុន្មាន}} * {{Z|sah}}: {{W-|sah|хас}} * {{Z|yi}}: {{W-|yi|וויפֿל}} * {{Z|yo}}: {{W-|yo|mélòó}} * {{Z|esu}}: {{W-|esu|qavcin}} * {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|πόσοι}} *: Kevn: {{W-|grc|[[πόσος|πόσοι]]}} * {{Z|za}}: {{W-|za|geij}}, {{W-|za|geijlai}} * {{Z|ase}}: {{W-|ase|S@InsideChesthigh-PalmUp-S@InsideChesthigh-PalmUp 5@InsideChesthigh-PalmUp-5@InsideChesthigh-PalmUp}} {{werger-bin}} :{{werger çavkanî|en|how many|beş=Ev qismê Wergerê|oldid=75710605}} {{werger-bnr|hinek}} === Rengdêr === {{rengdêr|ku}} # {{reşwanî}} [[dêwîn]], [[gelek]] [[mezin]] #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Etîmolojî ==== {{etîmolojî?}} ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} {{werger-bin}} 19w952845ygtk1upaz1kg63dgyrkp1r 0 12102 6236148 6018961 2026-05-27T03:22:32Z Ghybu 1393 /* Jê */ 6236148 wikitext text/x-wiki {{bnr-h|te|të|Te}} == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-IPA}} * {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163_(kmr)-Key Mîrza-tê.wav|Deng|Bidlîs}} * {{ku-kîte}} === Pêşdaçek === {{pêşdaçek|ku}} # [[di]] [[wê]]; [[di]] [[wî]], [[di]] [[wan]] #: '''''Tê''' de ye.'' (Di wê / wî / wan de ye.) ==== Ji wêjeya klasîk ==== * {{jêder|ku|{{Jêgirtin/Mela Hisênê Bateyî/Mewlûda Kurdî}}|jêgirtin=Fewqê 'Ednan ta ji Adem ixtilaf</br>'''Tê''' heye lew bi tifaq e ev mesaf</br>Jêrî Ednan ta ji 'Ebdullah guhest}} ==== Bikaranîn ==== [[lêker|Lêkerên]] ku piştî [[lê]]/[[jê]]/[[tê]]/{{pêşdaçek|ku|pê}} tên, di dema niha a [[bilanî]](subjunctive) de [[bi-]] nastînin. Anku "[[tê xistin|tê bixe]]" na "[[tê xistin|tê xim]]", "[[tê nan|tê binim]]" na "[[tê niyan|tê nim]]". Heman tişt herwisa gava [[bireser]] "[[xwe]]" dibe jî dibe ("xwe [[gan|bigê]]!" na lê "xwe gê!"). Lê ev tenê bi lêkerên [[qalib]][[req]] ([[stereotypical]]/[[kalıplaşmış]]) li kar e û ew jî [[dever]] bi [[dever]] diguhere, [[mesela]] hin kes dibêjin "lê binêre!, lê bigere!" hin kes jî "lê nêre!, lê gere!", [[bi taybetî]] ên [[hevedudanî]] û [[kurt]] û ên ku [[tim tim]] bi [[lêker]]ên ku [[tim tim]] wek [[lêker]]ên [[alîkar]] tên [[bikaranîn]] (wek [[tê xistin]], [[pê xistin]], [[li xwe kirin]], [[jê kirin]]) "[[bi-]]"a [[rewş]]a [[bilanî]] dikeve. ==== Jê ==== {{kol3|ku | tê de | tê re | tê xistin | têxistin | têxistî | tê xebitîn | têketin }} ==== Bide ber ==== * [[têper]] * [[têperî]] ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{qertaf|ku|di|wê}}. ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|in it}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|geçerli|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|gelme|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|ta|guman=erê}} {{werger-bin}} === Cînav === {{cînav|ku}} # [[tu]] [[dê]], [[tu]] [[ê]], [[tu]] [[yê]] #: '''''Tê''' kengî çî?'' (Tu dê kengî biçî? / Çûna te dê kengî be?) ==== Etîmolojî ==== {{q|ku|tu}} + {{q|ku|dê}} yan {{q|ku|tu}} + {{q|ku|ê}} yan {{q|ku|tu}} + {{q|ku|yê}} ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} {{werger-bin}} === Formeke lêkerê === {{lêker|ku|form=erê}} # {{ku-dema-niha|hatin|duyem|yekjimar}} #: ''Tu tê malê.'' # {{ku-dema-niha|hatin|sêyem|yekjimar}} #: ''Ew '''tê''' malê.'' (Ew têt malê. / Ew dihêt malê.) ==== Herwiha ==== Li gel kesê duyem yê yekhejmar * [[têyî]], [[dihêyî]], [[dihê]] Li gel kesê sêyem yê yekhejmar * [[têt]], [[dihê]], [[dihêt]], [[têtin]], [[dihêtin]] e7cvdjzictwqt62rcrcz02u4xmbmh6x 6236158 6236148 2026-05-27T04:05:32Z Ghybu 1393 /* Pêşdaçek */ 6236158 wikitext text/x-wiki {{bnr-h|te|të|Te}} == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-IPA}} * {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163_(kmr)-Key Mîrza-tê.wav|Deng|Bidlîs}} * {{ku-kîte}} === Pêşdaçek === {{pêşdaçek|ku}} # [[di]] [[wê]]; [[di]] [[wî]], [[di]] [[wan]] #: {{mk|ku|'''Tê''' de ye.|di wê / wî / wan de ye.|rêz=1}} ==== Ji wêjeya klasîk ==== * {{jêder|ku|{{Jêgirtin/Mela Hisênê Bateyî/Mewlûda Kurdî}}|jêgirtin=Fewqê 'Ednan ta ji Adem ixtilaf</br>'''Tê''' heye lew bi tifaq e ev mesaf</br>Jêrî Ednan ta ji 'Ebdullah guhest}} ==== Bikaranîn ==== Lêkerên ku piştî [[lê]] / [[jê]] / tê / {{g|ku|pê}} tên, di dema niha a [[bilanî]] (''subjunctive'') de [[bi-]] nastînin. Anku "[[tê xistin|tê bixe]]" na "[[tê xistin|tê xim]]", "[[tê nan|tê binim]]" na "[[tê niyan|tê nim]]". Heman tişt herwisa gava [[bireser]] "[[xwe]]" dibe jî dibe ("xwe [[gan|bigê]]!" na lê "xwe gê!"). Lê ev tenê bi lêkerên [[qalib]][[req]] ({{q|en|stereotypical}}/{{q|tr|kalıplaşmış}}) li kar e û ew jî dever bi dever diguhere, mesela hin kes dibêjin "lê binêre!, lê bigere!" hin kes jî "lê nêre!, lê gere!", bi taybetî ên [[hevedudanî]] û kurt û ên ku [[tim tim]] bi lêkerên ku tim tim wek lêkerên [[alîkar]] tên bikaranîn (wek ''[[tê xistin]]'', ''[[pê xistin]]'', ''[[li xwe kirin]]'', ''[[jê kirin]]'') "[[bi-]]"a [[rewş]]a [[bilanî]] dikeve. ==== Jê ==== {{kol3|ku | tê de | tê re | tê xistin | têxistin | têxistî | tê xebitîn | têketin }} ==== Bide ber ==== * [[têper]] * [[têperî]] ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{qertaf|ku|di|wê}}. ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|in it}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|geçerli|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|gelme|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|ta|guman=erê}} {{werger-bin}} === Cînav === {{cînav|ku}} # [[tu]] [[dê]], [[tu]] [[ê]], [[tu]] [[yê]] #: '''''Tê''' kengî çî?'' (Tu dê kengî biçî? / Çûna te dê kengî be?) ==== Etîmolojî ==== {{q|ku|tu}} + {{q|ku|dê}} yan {{q|ku|tu}} + {{q|ku|ê}} yan {{q|ku|tu}} + {{q|ku|yê}} ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} {{werger-bin}} === Formeke lêkerê === {{lêker|ku|form=erê}} # {{ku-dema-niha|hatin|duyem|yekjimar}} #: ''Tu tê malê.'' # {{ku-dema-niha|hatin|sêyem|yekjimar}} #: ''Ew '''tê''' malê.'' (Ew têt malê. / Ew dihêt malê.) ==== Herwiha ==== Li gel kesê duyem yê yekhejmar * [[têyî]], [[dihêyî]], [[dihê]] Li gel kesê sêyem yê yekhejmar * [[têt]], [[dihê]], [[dihêt]], [[têtin]], [[dihêtin]] ghjfssamndz9fk8400b63l49fuuzdyp 6236159 6236158 2026-05-27T04:12:54Z Ghybu 1393 /* Jê */ 6236159 wikitext text/x-wiki {{bnr-h|te|të|Te}} == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-IPA}} * {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163_(kmr)-Key Mîrza-tê.wav|Deng|Bidlîs}} * {{ku-kîte}} === Pêşdaçek === {{pêşdaçek|ku}} # [[di]] [[wê]]; [[di]] [[wî]], [[di]] [[wan]] #: {{mk|ku|'''Tê''' de ye.|di wê / wî / wan de ye.|rêz=1}} ==== Ji wêjeya klasîk ==== * {{jêder|ku|{{Jêgirtin/Mela Hisênê Bateyî/Mewlûda Kurdî}}|jêgirtin=Fewqê 'Ednan ta ji Adem ixtilaf</br>'''Tê''' heye lew bi tifaq e ev mesaf</br>Jêrî Ednan ta ji 'Ebdullah guhest}} ==== Bikaranîn ==== Lêkerên ku piştî [[lê]] / [[jê]] / tê / {{g|ku|pê}} tên, di dema niha a [[bilanî]] (''subjunctive'') de [[bi-]] nastînin. Anku "[[tê xistin|tê bixe]]" na "[[tê xistin|tê xim]]", "[[tê nan|tê binim]]" na "[[tê niyan|tê nim]]". Heman tişt herwisa gava [[bireser]] "[[xwe]]" dibe jî dibe ("xwe [[gan|bigê]]!" na lê "xwe gê!"). Lê ev tenê bi lêkerên [[qalib]][[req]] ({{q|en|stereotypical}}/{{q|tr|kalıplaşmış}}) li kar e û ew jî dever bi dever diguhere, mesela hin kes dibêjin "lê binêre!, lê bigere!" hin kes jî "lê nêre!, lê gere!", bi taybetî ên [[hevedudanî]] û kurt û ên ku [[tim tim]] bi lêkerên ku tim tim wek lêkerên [[alîkar]] tên bikaranîn (wek ''[[tê xistin]]'', ''[[pê xistin]]'', ''[[li xwe kirin]]'', ''[[jê kirin]]'') "[[bi-]]"a [[rewş]]a [[bilanî]] dikeve. ==== Jê ==== {{kol3|ku | tê de | tê re | tê xistin | têxistin | têxistî | tê xebitîn | têketin | tê ketin | tê dan | têdan | tê anîn der | tê de kirin }} ==== Bide ber ==== * [[têper]] * [[têperî]] ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{qertaf|ku|di|wê}}. ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|in it}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|geçerli|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|gelme|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|ta|guman=erê}} {{werger-bin}} === Cînav === {{cînav|ku}} # [[tu]] [[dê]], [[tu]] [[ê]], [[tu]] [[yê]] #: '''''Tê''' kengî çî?'' (Tu dê kengî biçî? / Çûna te dê kengî be?) ==== Etîmolojî ==== {{q|ku|tu}} + {{q|ku|dê}} yan {{q|ku|tu}} + {{q|ku|ê}} yan {{q|ku|tu}} + {{q|ku|yê}} ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} {{werger-bin}} === Formeke lêkerê === {{lêker|ku|form=erê}} # {{ku-dema-niha|hatin|duyem|yekjimar}} #: ''Tu tê malê.'' # {{ku-dema-niha|hatin|sêyem|yekjimar}} #: ''Ew '''tê''' malê.'' (Ew têt malê. / Ew dihêt malê.) ==== Herwiha ==== Li gel kesê duyem yê yekhejmar * [[têyî]], [[dihêyî]], [[dihê]] Li gel kesê sêyem yê yekhejmar * [[têt]], [[dihê]], [[dihêt]], [[têtin]], [[dihêtin]] alkxdlmpnwiw92js9bpp4ctgchk26yn 6236160 6236159 2026-05-27T04:15:03Z Ghybu 1393 /* Formeke lêkerê */ 6236160 wikitext text/x-wiki {{bnr-h|te|të|Te}} == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-IPA}} * {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163_(kmr)-Key Mîrza-tê.wav|Deng|Bidlîs}} * {{ku-kîte}} === Pêşdaçek === {{pêşdaçek|ku}} # [[di]] [[wê]]; [[di]] [[wî]], [[di]] [[wan]] #: {{mk|ku|'''Tê''' de ye.|di wê / wî / wan de ye.|rêz=1}} ==== Ji wêjeya klasîk ==== * {{jêder|ku|{{Jêgirtin/Mela Hisênê Bateyî/Mewlûda Kurdî}}|jêgirtin=Fewqê 'Ednan ta ji Adem ixtilaf</br>'''Tê''' heye lew bi tifaq e ev mesaf</br>Jêrî Ednan ta ji 'Ebdullah guhest}} ==== Bikaranîn ==== Lêkerên ku piştî [[lê]] / [[jê]] / tê / {{g|ku|pê}} tên, di dema niha a [[bilanî]] (''subjunctive'') de [[bi-]] nastînin. Anku "[[tê xistin|tê bixe]]" na "[[tê xistin|tê xim]]", "[[tê nan|tê binim]]" na "[[tê niyan|tê nim]]". Heman tişt herwisa gava [[bireser]] "[[xwe]]" dibe jî dibe ("xwe [[gan|bigê]]!" na lê "xwe gê!"). Lê ev tenê bi lêkerên [[qalib]][[req]] ({{q|en|stereotypical}}/{{q|tr|kalıplaşmış}}) li kar e û ew jî dever bi dever diguhere, mesela hin kes dibêjin "lê binêre!, lê bigere!" hin kes jî "lê nêre!, lê gere!", bi taybetî ên [[hevedudanî]] û kurt û ên ku [[tim tim]] bi lêkerên ku tim tim wek lêkerên [[alîkar]] tên bikaranîn (wek ''[[tê xistin]]'', ''[[pê xistin]]'', ''[[li xwe kirin]]'', ''[[jê kirin]]'') "[[bi-]]"a [[rewş]]a [[bilanî]] dikeve. ==== Jê ==== {{kol3|ku | tê de | tê re | tê xistin | têxistin | têxistî | tê xebitîn | têketin | tê ketin | tê dan | têdan | tê anîn der | tê de kirin }} ==== Bide ber ==== * [[têper]] * [[têperî]] ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{qertaf|ku|di|wê}}. ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|in it}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|geçerli|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|gelme|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|ta|guman=erê}} {{werger-bin}} === Cînav === {{cînav|ku}} # [[tu]] [[dê]], [[tu]] [[ê]], [[tu]] [[yê]] #: '''''Tê''' kengî çî?'' (Tu dê kengî biçî? / Çûna te dê kengî be?) ==== Etîmolojî ==== {{q|ku|tu}} + {{q|ku|dê}} yan {{q|ku|tu}} + {{q|ku|ê}} yan {{q|ku|tu}} + {{q|ku|yê}} ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} {{werger-bin}} === Formeke lêkerê === {{lêker|ku|form=erê}} # {{ku-dema-niha|hatin|duyem|yekjimar}} #: {{mk|ku|Tu tê malê.}} # {{ku-dema-niha|hatin|sêyem|yekjimar}} #: {{mk|ku|Ew '''tê''' malê.|Ew têt malê. / Ew dihêt malê.|rêz=1}} ==== Herwiha ==== Li gel kesê duyem yê yekhejmar * [[têyî]], [[dihêyî]], [[dihê]] Li gel kesê sêyem yê yekhejmar * [[têt]], [[dihê]], [[dihêt]], [[têtin]], [[dihêtin]] kgrkjvl9dsoma623gzfkm69krlutem2 hizb 0 12504 6236132 6211891 2026-05-27T02:44:51Z Ghybu 1393 /* Navdêr */ 6236132 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{IPA|ku|/hɪzb/}} * {{ku-kîte}} === Navdêr === {{ku-tewîn-nav|hizb|mê}} {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # [[partî]], [[rêkxistin]]a [[siyasî]], [[kom]]a [[siyasî]], [[hêz]]a [[siyasî]], [[alî|aliyek]] [[siyasî]] #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Herwiha ==== {{kol3|ku | hizib | hîzb | hîzib | huzb | huzib | ḧizb | ḧizib | ḧîzb | ḧîzib | ḧuzb | ḧuzib }} ==== Jê ==== {{kol3|ku | ehzab | hizbane | hizbahî | hizbatî | hizbayî | hizbgir | hizbgirî | hizbî }} ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{ji|ar|ku|حِزْب}} ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W|fa|حزب}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W|en|party}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W|tr|bölük}}, {{W|tr|hizip}}, {{W|tr|parti}} {{werger-bin}} == {{ziman|az}} == === Navdêr === {{navdêr|az}} # {{mijar|az|siyaset}} {{g|ku|partî}}, {{g|ku|hizb}} #* {{bêmînak|az}} === Çavkanî === {{rûpela wergerê|az|partî}} == {{ziman|uz}} == === Navdêr === {{navdêr|uz}} # {{mijar|uz|siyaset}} {{g|ku|partî}}, {{g|ku|hizb}} #* {{bêmînak|uz}} === Çavkanî === {{rûpela wergerê|uz|partî}} qblh78l4tf3xwelokprugvse2ff0u49 6236138 6236132 2026-05-27T03:04:21Z Ghybu 1393 /* Navdêr */ 6236138 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{IPA|ku|/hɪzb/}} * {{ku-kîte}} === Navdêr === {{ku-tewîn-nav|hizb|mê}} {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # [[rêkxistin]]a [[siyasî]], [[kom]]a siyasî, [[hêz]]a siyasî, [[alî|aliyek]] siyasî #: {{hevmane|ku|partî}} #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Herwiha ==== {{kol3|ku | hizib | hîzb | hîzib | huzb | huzib | ḧizb | ḧizib | ḧîzb | ḧîzib | ḧuzb | ḧuzib }} ==== Jê ==== {{kol3|ku | ehzab | hizbane | hizbahî | hizbatî | hizbayî | hizbgir | hizbgirî | hizbî }} ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{ji|ar|ku|حِزْب}} ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W|fa|حزب}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W|en|party}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W|tr|bölük}}, {{W|tr|hizip}}, {{W|tr|parti}} {{werger-bin}} == {{ziman|az}} == === Navdêr === {{navdêr|az}} # {{mijar|az|siyaset}} {{g|ku|partî}}, {{g|ku|hizb}} #* {{bêmînak|az}} === Çavkanî === {{rûpela wergerê|az|partî}} == {{ziman|uz}} == === Navdêr === {{navdêr|uz}} # {{mijar|uz|siyaset}} {{g|ku|partî}}, {{g|ku|hizb}} #* {{bêmînak|uz}} === Çavkanî === {{rûpela wergerê|uz|partî}} 7sgcar2e7i6ifjjmn14nfmsnubwgsoc rêkxistin 0 12516 6236121 6064412 2026-05-27T02:07:20Z Ghybu 1393 /* Navdêr */ 6236121 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ds|rêkxistin|rêxistin}} == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-IPA}} * {{kîte|ku|rêk|xis|tin}} === Navdêr === {{ku-tewîn-nav|rêkxistin|mê}} {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # [[kom|Komek]] [[mirov]]an yên bo hin [[armanc]]ên [[diyar|diyarkirî]] [[xebitîn|dixebitin]]. #: {{hevmane|ku|organîzasyon|sazman|teşkîlat|kom|partî|hizb}} #* {{bêmînak|ku}} # [[birêkxistin]], li ser yek hatin #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Bi alfabeyên din ==== * {{ku-ar|رێكخستن}} ==== Herwiha ==== * [[rêkxistî]] * [[rêxistin]] * [[rêxistî]] * [[vêkxistin]] ==== Jê ==== * [[rêkxer]] * [[rêkxerî]] * [[rêkxistinî]] * [[rêkxistî]] ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{pêk|ku|rêk|xistin}}. ==== Bi zaravayên din ==== * {{Z|ckb}}: [[rêkxiraw]], [[rêkxirawe]], [[rêxiraw]], [[rêxirawe]] ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser|organîzasyon}} * {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|organisasie}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Organisation|f}}, {{W+|de|Partei}} * {{Z|bg}}: {{W+|bg|организация}} * {{Z|zh}}: {{W-|zh|團髢}} * {{Z|da}}: {{W-|da|organisation}} * {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|organisasi}}, {{W-|id|tata susunan}}, {{W-|id|tata karya}}, {{W+|id|juntrungan}} * {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|منظمة}}, {{W+|ar|إدارة|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|تنظيم|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|التناسق|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|التنسیق|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|التنظیم|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|النظام|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|إنظام|guman=erê}} * {{Z|eo}}: {{W-|eo|organizo}}, {{W-|eo|organizacio}}, {{W-|eo|organizaĵo}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|نظام}}, {{W+|fa|تشکیلات}}, {{W+|fa|سازمان}}, {{W+|fa|دستگاه}} * {{Z|fo}}: {{W-|fo|samskipan}} * {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|järjestö}} * {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|organisation}} * {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|organisatie}} * {{Z|he}}: {{W-|he|עסתערות}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|organization}}, {{W+|en|organisation}}, {{W+|en|collocation}}, {{W+|en|apparatus}}, {{W+|en|incurrence}}, {{W+|en|categorization|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|coordinating|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|marshalling|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|orchestration|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|taxis|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|trifurcation|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|trig|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|arranging|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|layout|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|orchestrating|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|NGO|guman=erê}} * {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|organizzazione}} * {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|主催}} * {{Z|ko}}: {{W+|ko|조직}}, {{W-|ko|rêkxistin}}, {{W-|ko|rêxistin}}, {{W-|ko|organîzasyon}}, {{W-|ko|rêkxirawe}}, {{W-|ko|sazman}}, {{W-|ko|teşkîlat}} * {{Z|gv}}: {{W-|gv|reagheydys}} * {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|szervezés}} * {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|organização}} * {{Z|ro}}: {{W-|ro|organizaţie}} * {{Z|ru}}: {{W+|ru|организация}} * {{Z|sh}}: *: Latînî: {{W-|la|organizacija}} * {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|organización}} * {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|organisation}} * {{Z|tl}}: {{W+|tl|samahán}}, {{W-|tl|kapisánan}} * {{Z|th}}: {{W-|th|การจัยการอย่างเป็นระบบ}}, {{W+|th|องค์กร}}, {{W+|th|องค์ประกอบ}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|organizasyon}}, {{W+|tr|örgüt}}, {{W+|tr|teşkilat}}, {{W+|tr|teşkilât}}, {{W+|tr|teşekkül}} * {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|οργάνωση}} {{werger-bin}} {{mijar|ku|zimannasî}} sgmo9js5gg7k3zo78g21im5w035dirw 6236122 6236121 2026-05-27T02:08:36Z Ghybu 1393 /* Bi zaravayên din */ 6236122 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ds|rêkxistin|rêxistin}} == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-IPA}} * {{kîte|ku|rêk|xis|tin}} === Navdêr === {{ku-tewîn-nav|rêkxistin|mê}} {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # [[kom|Komek]] [[mirov]]an yên bo hin [[armanc]]ên [[diyar|diyarkirî]] [[xebitîn|dixebitin]]. #: {{hevmane|ku|organîzasyon|sazman|teşkîlat|kom|partî|hizb}} #* {{bêmînak|ku}} # [[birêkxistin]], li ser yek hatin #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Bi alfabeyên din ==== * {{ku-ar|رێكخستن}} ==== Herwiha ==== * [[rêkxistî]] * [[rêxistin]] * [[rêxistî]] * [[vêkxistin]] ==== Jê ==== * [[rêkxer]] * [[rêkxerî]] * [[rêkxistinî]] * [[rêkxistî]] ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{pêk|ku|rêk|xistin}}. ==== Bi zaravayên din ==== * {{Z|ckb}}: {{W-|ckb|rêkxiraw|sc=Latn}}, {{W-|ckb|rêkxirawe|sc=Latn}}, {{W-|ckb|rêxiraw|sc=Latn}}, {{W-|ckb|rêxirawe|sc=Latn}} ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser|organîzasyon}} * {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|organisasie}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Organisation|f}}, {{W+|de|Partei}} * {{Z|bg}}: {{W+|bg|организация}} * {{Z|zh}}: {{W-|zh|團髢}} * {{Z|da}}: {{W-|da|organisation}} * {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|organisasi}}, {{W-|id|tata susunan}}, {{W-|id|tata karya}}, {{W+|id|juntrungan}} * {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|منظمة}}, {{W+|ar|إدارة|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|تنظيم|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|التناسق|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|التنسیق|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|التنظیم|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|النظام|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|إنظام|guman=erê}} * {{Z|eo}}: {{W-|eo|organizo}}, {{W-|eo|organizacio}}, {{W-|eo|organizaĵo}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|نظام}}, {{W+|fa|تشکیلات}}, {{W+|fa|سازمان}}, {{W+|fa|دستگاه}} * {{Z|fo}}: {{W-|fo|samskipan}} * {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|järjestö}} * {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|organisation}} * {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|organisatie}} * {{Z|he}}: {{W-|he|עסתערות}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|organization}}, {{W+|en|organisation}}, {{W+|en|collocation}}, {{W+|en|apparatus}}, {{W+|en|incurrence}}, {{W+|en|categorization|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|coordinating|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|marshalling|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|orchestration|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|taxis|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|trifurcation|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|trig|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|arranging|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|layout|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|orchestrating|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|NGO|guman=erê}} * {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|organizzazione}} * {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|主催}} * {{Z|ko}}: {{W+|ko|조직}}, {{W-|ko|rêkxistin}}, {{W-|ko|rêxistin}}, {{W-|ko|organîzasyon}}, {{W-|ko|rêkxirawe}}, {{W-|ko|sazman}}, {{W-|ko|teşkîlat}} * {{Z|gv}}: {{W-|gv|reagheydys}} * {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|szervezés}} * {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|organização}} * {{Z|ro}}: {{W-|ro|organizaţie}} * {{Z|ru}}: {{W+|ru|организация}} * {{Z|sh}}: *: Latînî: {{W-|la|organizacija}} * {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|organización}} * {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|organisation}} * {{Z|tl}}: {{W+|tl|samahán}}, {{W-|tl|kapisánan}} * {{Z|th}}: {{W-|th|การจัยการอย่างเป็นระบบ}}, {{W+|th|องค์กร}}, {{W+|th|องค์ประกอบ}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|organizasyon}}, {{W+|tr|örgüt}}, {{W+|tr|teşkilat}}, {{W+|tr|teşkilât}}, {{W+|tr|teşekkül}} * {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|οργάνωση}} {{werger-bin}} {{mijar|ku|zimannasî}} qn911ahspl0y2u0chcl8iaw99w8dpng 6236136 6236122 2026-05-27T02:52:28Z Ghybu 1393 /* Navdêr */ 6236136 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ds|rêkxistin|rêxistin}} == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-IPA}} * {{kîte|ku|rêk|xis|tin}} === Navdêr === {{ku-tewîn-nav|rêkxistin|mê}} {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # [[kom|Komek]] [[mirov]]an yên bo hin [[armanc]]ên [[diyar|diyarkirî]] [[xebitîn|dixebitin]]. #: {{hevmane|ku|organîzasyon|sazman|teşkîlat|kom|partî|hizb}} #* {{bêmînak|ku}} # [[birêkxistin]], li ser yek hatin #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Bi alfabeyên din ==== * {{ku-ar|رێكخستن}} ==== Herwiha ==== {{kol3|ku | rêkxistî | rêxistin | rêxistî | vêkxistin }} ==== Jê ==== {{kol3|ku | rêkxer | rêkxerî | rêkxistinî | rêkxistî }} ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{pêk|ku|rêk|xistin}}. ==== Bi zaravayên din ==== * {{Z|ckb}}: {{W-|ckb|rêkxiraw|sc=Latn}}, {{W-|ckb|rêkxirawe|sc=Latn}}, {{W-|ckb|rêxiraw|sc=Latn}}, {{W-|ckb|rêxirawe|sc=Latn}} ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser|organîzasyon}} * {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|organisasie}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Organisation|f}}, {{W+|de|Partei}} * {{Z|bg}}: {{W+|bg|организация}} * {{Z|zh}}: {{W-|zh|團髢}} * {{Z|da}}: {{W-|da|organisation}} * {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|organisasi}}, {{W-|id|tata susunan}}, {{W-|id|tata karya}}, {{W+|id|juntrungan}} * {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|منظمة}}, {{W+|ar|إدارة|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|تنظيم|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|التناسق|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|التنسیق|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|التنظیم|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|النظام|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|إنظام|guman=erê}} * {{Z|eo}}: {{W-|eo|organizo}}, {{W-|eo|organizacio}}, {{W-|eo|organizaĵo}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|نظام}}, {{W+|fa|تشکیلات}}, {{W+|fa|سازمان}}, {{W+|fa|دستگاه}} * {{Z|fo}}: {{W-|fo|samskipan}} * {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|järjestö}} * {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|organisation}} * {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|organisatie}} * {{Z|he}}: {{W-|he|עסתערות}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|organization}}, {{W+|en|organisation}}, {{W+|en|collocation}}, {{W+|en|apparatus}}, {{W+|en|incurrence}}, {{W+|en|categorization|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|coordinating|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|marshalling|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|orchestration|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|taxis|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|trifurcation|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|trig|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|arranging|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|layout|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|orchestrating|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|NGO|guman=erê}} * {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|organizzazione}} * {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|主催}} * {{Z|ko}}: {{W+|ko|조직}}, {{W-|ko|rêkxistin}}, {{W-|ko|rêxistin}}, {{W-|ko|organîzasyon}}, {{W-|ko|rêkxirawe}}, {{W-|ko|sazman}}, {{W-|ko|teşkîlat}} * {{Z|gv}}: {{W-|gv|reagheydys}} * {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|szervezés}} * {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|organização}} * {{Z|ro}}: {{W-|ro|organizaţie}} * {{Z|ru}}: {{W+|ru|организация}} * {{Z|sh}}: *: Latînî: {{W-|la|organizacija}} * {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|organización}} * {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|organisation}} * {{Z|tl}}: {{W+|tl|samahán}}, {{W-|tl|kapisánan}} * {{Z|th}}: {{W-|th|การจัยการอย่างเป็นระบบ}}, {{W+|th|องค์กร}}, {{W+|th|องค์ประกอบ}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|organizasyon}}, {{W+|tr|örgüt}}, {{W+|tr|teşkilat}}, {{W+|tr|teşkilât}}, {{W+|tr|teşekkül}} * {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|οργάνωση}} {{werger-bin}} {{mijar|ku|zimannasî}} od7hhpdi0hvbnplyey6lgrtt3jhs8hn 6236139 6236136 2026-05-27T03:06:47Z Ghybu 1393 /* Bi zaravayên din */ 6236139 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ds|rêkxistin|rêxistin}} == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-IPA}} * {{kîte|ku|rêk|xis|tin}} === Navdêr === {{ku-tewîn-nav|rêkxistin|mê}} {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # [[kom|Komek]] [[mirov]]an yên bo hin [[armanc]]ên [[diyar|diyarkirî]] [[xebitîn|dixebitin]]. #: {{hevmane|ku|organîzasyon|sazman|teşkîlat|kom|partî|hizb}} #* {{bêmînak|ku}} # [[birêkxistin]], li ser yek hatin #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Bi alfabeyên din ==== * {{ku-ar|رێكخستن}} ==== Herwiha ==== {{kol3|ku | rêkxistî | rêxistin | rêxistî | vêkxistin }} ==== Jê ==== {{kol3|ku | rêkxer | rêkxerî | rêkxistinî | rêkxistî }} ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{pêk|ku|rêk|xistin}}. ==== Bi zaravayên din ==== * {{Z|ckb}}: {{W-|ckb|ڕێکخراو}}, {{W-|ckb|rêxiraw|sc=Latn}}, {{W-|ckb|rêxirawe|sc=Latn}} ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser|organîzasyon}} * {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|organisasie}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Organisation|f}}, {{W+|de|Partei}} * {{Z|bg}}: {{W+|bg|организация}} * {{Z|zh}}: {{W-|zh|團髢}} * {{Z|da}}: {{W-|da|organisation}} * {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|organisasi}}, {{W-|id|tata susunan}}, {{W-|id|tata karya}}, {{W+|id|juntrungan}} * {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|منظمة}}, {{W+|ar|إدارة|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|تنظيم|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|التناسق|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|التنسیق|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|التنظیم|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|النظام|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|إنظام|guman=erê}} * {{Z|eo}}: {{W-|eo|organizo}}, {{W-|eo|organizacio}}, {{W-|eo|organizaĵo}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|نظام}}, {{W+|fa|تشکیلات}}, {{W+|fa|سازمان}}, {{W+|fa|دستگاه}} * {{Z|fo}}: {{W-|fo|samskipan}} * {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|järjestö}} * {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|organisation}} * {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|organisatie}} * {{Z|he}}: {{W-|he|עסתערות}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|organization}}, {{W+|en|organisation}}, {{W+|en|collocation}}, {{W+|en|apparatus}}, {{W+|en|incurrence}}, {{W+|en|categorization|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|coordinating|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|marshalling|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|orchestration|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|taxis|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|trifurcation|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|trig|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|arranging|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|layout|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|orchestrating|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|NGO|guman=erê}} * {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|organizzazione}} * {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|主催}} * {{Z|ko}}: {{W+|ko|조직}}, {{W-|ko|rêkxistin}}, {{W-|ko|rêxistin}}, {{W-|ko|organîzasyon}}, {{W-|ko|rêkxirawe}}, {{W-|ko|sazman}}, {{W-|ko|teşkîlat}} * {{Z|gv}}: {{W-|gv|reagheydys}} * {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|szervezés}} * {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|organização}} * {{Z|ro}}: {{W-|ro|organizaţie}} * {{Z|ru}}: {{W+|ru|организация}} * {{Z|sh}}: *: Latînî: {{W-|la|organizacija}} * {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|organización}} * {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|organisation}} * {{Z|tl}}: {{W+|tl|samahán}}, {{W-|tl|kapisánan}} * {{Z|th}}: {{W-|th|การจัยการอย่างเป็นระบบ}}, {{W+|th|องค์กร}}, {{W+|th|องค์ประกอบ}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|organizasyon}}, {{W+|tr|örgüt}}, {{W+|tr|teşkilat}}, {{W+|tr|teşkilât}}, {{W+|tr|teşekkül}} * {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|οργάνωση}} {{werger-bin}} {{mijar|ku|zimannasî}} n5hh2iixa8xktm9n9fm9qckclwxvpmi organîzasyon 0 21713 6236126 6131663 2026-05-27T02:15:58Z Ghybu 1393 /* Navdêr */ 6236126 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-kîte}} === Navdêr === {{ku-tewîn-nav|organîzasyon|mê|}} {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # [[kom|Komek]] mirovan yên ku li gor [[rêzname]]yek [[nivîskî]] bo [[armanc]]ekê [[xebitîn|dixebitin]]. #: {{hevmane|ku|rêkxistin|rêxistin|rêkxirawe|sazman|teşkîlat|komele}} #* {{bêmînak|ku}} # [[organîze|organîze]]kirin, [[birêkxistin]] #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Jê ==== * [[organîzasyonî]] ==== Têkildar ==== * [[organîzator]] ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji fransî an {{ji|en|ku|organisation}}. ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser|rêkxistin}} * {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|organisasie}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Organisation|f}}, {{W+|de|Zusammenstellung|f}} * {{Z|bg}}: {{W+|bg|организация}} * {{Z|zh}}: {{W-|zh|團髢}} * {{Z|da}}: {{W-|da|organisation}} * {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|organisasi}}, {{W-|id|tata susunan}}, {{W-|id|tata karya}}, {{W+|id|juntrungan}} * {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|منظمة}} * {{Z|eo}}: {{W-|eo|organizo}}, {{W-|eo|organizacio}}, {{W-|eo|organizaĵo}} * {{Z|fa}}: [[تشکیلات]] (teşkîlat), [[سازمان]] (sazman) * {{Z|fo}}: {{W-|fo|samskipan}} * {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|järjestö}} * {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|organisation}} * {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|organisatie}} * {{Z|he}}: {{W-|he|עסתערות}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|organization}}, {{W+|en|organisation}} * {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|organizzazione}} * {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|主催}} * {{Z|ko}}: {{W+|ko|조직}}, {{W-|ko|rêkxistin}}, {{W-|ko|rêxistin}}, {{W-|ko|organîzasyon}}, {{W-|ko|rêkxirawe}}, {{W-|ko|sazman}}, {{W-|ko|teşkîlat}} * {{Z|gv}}: {{W-|gv|reagheydys}} * {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|szervezés}} * {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|organização}} * {{Z|ro}}: {{W-|ro|organizaţie}} * {{Z|ru}}: {{W+|ru|организация}} * {{Z|sh}}: *: Latînî: {{W-|la|organizacija}} * {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|organización}} * {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|organisation}} * {{Z|tl}}: {{W+|tl|samahán}}, {{W-|tl|kapisánan}} * {{Z|th}}: {{W-|th|การจัยการอย่างเป็นระบบ}}, {{W+|th|องค์กร}}, {{W+|th|องค์ประกอบ}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|organizasyon}}, {{W+|tr|örgüt}}, {{W+|tr|teşkilat}} * {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|οργάνωση}} {{werger-bin}} 8hjja2nvcpd14e5mrnh7jzlo8t60eme rêxistin 0 21714 6236123 5886887 2026-05-27T02:10:30Z Ghybu 1393 6236123 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ds|rêkxistin|rêxistin}} === Navdêr === {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # {{guherto|ku|rêkxistin}} 3yqp9suneyqcdc9dvm4h5owyw6vroko 6236124 6236123 2026-05-27T02:10:50Z Ghybu 1393 6236124 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ds|rêkxistin|rêxistin}} == {{ziman|ku}} == === Navdêr === {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # {{guherto|ku|rêkxistin}} 6pu35hbm3t00v3jj7c6u20h98m5jkz3 rêkxiraw 0 21718 6236140 6113399 2026-05-27T03:08:32Z Ghybu 1393 /* {{ziman|ckb}} */ 6236140 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ckb}} == === Navdêr === {{navdêr|ckb|sc=Latn}} # {{ckb-Arab|ڕێکخراو}} ==== Herwiha ==== * {{hw|ckb|rêxiraw|sc=Latn}} * {{hw|ckb|rêxirawe|sc=Latn}} 1gufcifaqefbjjsvgf9rfu8krw9gtkx sazman 0 21721 6236120 6068118 2026-05-27T02:05:24Z Ghybu 1393 /* Navdêr */ 6236120 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{IPA|ku|/sɑːzˈmɑːn/}} * {{kîte|ku|saz|man}} === Navdêr === {{ku-tewîn-nav|sazman|mê}} {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # [[kom|Komek]] mirovan yên ku li gor [[rêzname]]yek [[nivîskî]] bo [[armanc]]ekê [[xebitîn|dixebitin]]. #: {{hevmane|ku|rêkxistin|rêxistin|rêkxirawe|organîzasyon|teşkîlat|komele}} #* {{bêmînak|ku}} # {{kontrol|rêz=erê|[[yekîtî]], [[civat]], [[sosyete]], [[cemiyet]], [[kom]], [[dezgeh]], [[partî]], [[hizb]]}} ==== Herwiha ==== * [[saziman]] * [[sazuman]] * [[sazûman]] ==== Jê ==== {{stûn|h=2| * [[sazmanî]] * [[sazmankar]] * [[sazmankarî]] * [[sazmanvan]] * [[sazmanvanî]] }} ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{paş|ku|saz|-man}} ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|organisasie}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Organisation|f}}, {{W+|de|Anstalt|f}}, {{W+|de|Aufstellung|f}}, {{W+|de|Institution|f}}, {{W+|de|Stiftung|f}}, {{W+|de|Vereinigung|f}}, {{W+|de|Dezernat|m|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|Etablissement|m|guman=erê}} * {{Z|bg}}: {{W+|bg|организация}} * {{Z|zh}}: {{W-|zh|團髢}} * {{Z|da}}: {{W-|da|organisation}} * {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|organisasi}}, {{W-|id|tata susunan}}, {{W-|id|tata karya}}, {{W+|id|juntrungan}} * {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|منظمة}}, {{W+|ar|مؤسسة}}, {{W+|ar|أساس}}, {{W-|ar|تنظيم}}, {{W-|ar|حزب}}, {{W-|ar|رابطة}}, {{W-|ar|هيئة}}, {{W+|ar|جمعية}}, {{W-|ar|تشكيل}}, {{W-|ar|ترتيب}} * {{Z|eo}}: {{W-|eo|organizo}}, {{W-|eo|organizacio}}, {{W-|eo|organizaĵo}} * {{Z|fa}}: [[تشکیلات]] (teşkîlat), [[سازمان]] (sazman), {{W+|fa|سامان}}, {{W+|fa|ساختمان}}, {{W+|fa|سازمان}}, {{W+|fa|موسسه}}, {{W+|fa|دستگاه}}, {{W+|fa|ساز|guman=erê}} * {{Z|fo}}: {{W-|fo|samskipan}} * {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|järjestö}} * {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|organisation}} * {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|organisatie}} * {{Z|he}}: {{W-|he|עסתערות}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|organization}}, {{W+|en|organisation}}, {{W+|en|disposal}}, {{W+|en|establishment}}, {{W+|en|foundation}}, {{W+|en|institution}}, {{W+|en|regulation}}, {{W+|en|scheme}}, {{W+|en|association}}, {{W+|en|plant}} * {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|organizzazione}} * {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|主催}} * {{Z|ko}}: {{W+|ko|조직}} * {{Z|gv}}: {{W-|gv|reagheydys}} * {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|szervezés}} * {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|organização}} * {{Z|ro}}: {{W-|ro|organizaţie}} * {{Z|ru}}: {{W+|ru|организация}} * {{Z|sh}}: *: Latînî: {{W-|la|organizacija}} * {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|organización}} * {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|organisation}} * {{Z|tl}}: {{W+|tl|samahán}}, {{W-|tl|kapisánan}} * {{Z|th}}: {{W-|th|การจัยการอย่างเป็นระบบ}}, {{W+|th|องค์กร}}, {{W+|th|องค์ประกอบ}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|organizasyon}}, {{W+|tr|örgüt}}, {{W+|tr|teşkilat}}, {{W+|tr|kurum}}, {{W+|tr|nizam}}, {{W+|tr|rabıta}}, {{W+|tr|rejim}}, {{W+|tr|sistem}}, {{W+|tr|tertibat}}, {{W+|tr|tertip}}, {{W+|tr|düzen}} * {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|οργάνωση}} {{werger-bin}} spqep20fptdvv3myp4lvg9n1i7l8py7 6236125 6236120 2026-05-27T02:11:57Z Ghybu 1393 /* Navdêr */ 6236125 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{IPA|ku|/sɑːzˈmɑːn/}} * {{kîte|ku|saz|man}} === Navdêr === {{ku-tewîn-nav|sazman|mê}} {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # [[kom|Komek]] mirovan yên ku li gor [[rêzname]]yek [[nivîskî]] bo [[armanc]]ekê [[xebitîn|dixebitin]]. #: {{hevmane|ku|rêkxistin|rêxistin|organîzasyon|teşkîlat|komele}} #* {{bêmînak|ku}} # {{kontrol|rêz=erê|[[yekîtî]], [[civat]], [[sosyete]], [[cemiyet]], [[kom]], [[dezgeh]], [[partî]], [[hizb]]}} ==== Herwiha ==== * [[saziman]] * [[sazuman]] * [[sazûman]] ==== Jê ==== {{stûn|h=2| * [[sazmanî]] * [[sazmankar]] * [[sazmankarî]] * [[sazmanvan]] * [[sazmanvanî]] }} ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{paş|ku|saz|-man}} ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|organisasie}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Organisation|f}}, {{W+|de|Anstalt|f}}, {{W+|de|Aufstellung|f}}, {{W+|de|Institution|f}}, {{W+|de|Stiftung|f}}, {{W+|de|Vereinigung|f}}, {{W+|de|Dezernat|m|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|Etablissement|m|guman=erê}} * {{Z|bg}}: {{W+|bg|организация}} * {{Z|zh}}: {{W-|zh|團髢}} * {{Z|da}}: {{W-|da|organisation}} * {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|organisasi}}, {{W-|id|tata susunan}}, {{W-|id|tata karya}}, {{W+|id|juntrungan}} * {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|منظمة}}, {{W+|ar|مؤسسة}}, {{W+|ar|أساس}}, {{W-|ar|تنظيم}}, {{W-|ar|حزب}}, {{W-|ar|رابطة}}, {{W-|ar|هيئة}}, {{W+|ar|جمعية}}, {{W-|ar|تشكيل}}, {{W-|ar|ترتيب}} * {{Z|eo}}: {{W-|eo|organizo}}, {{W-|eo|organizacio}}, {{W-|eo|organizaĵo}} * {{Z|fa}}: [[تشکیلات]] (teşkîlat), [[سازمان]] (sazman), {{W+|fa|سامان}}, {{W+|fa|ساختمان}}, {{W+|fa|سازمان}}, {{W+|fa|موسسه}}, {{W+|fa|دستگاه}}, {{W+|fa|ساز|guman=erê}} * {{Z|fo}}: {{W-|fo|samskipan}} * {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|järjestö}} * {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|organisation}} * {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|organisatie}} * {{Z|he}}: {{W-|he|עסתערות}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|organization}}, {{W+|en|organisation}}, {{W+|en|disposal}}, {{W+|en|establishment}}, {{W+|en|foundation}}, {{W+|en|institution}}, {{W+|en|regulation}}, {{W+|en|scheme}}, {{W+|en|association}}, {{W+|en|plant}} * {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|organizzazione}} * {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|主催}} * {{Z|ko}}: {{W+|ko|조직}} * {{Z|gv}}: {{W-|gv|reagheydys}} * {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|szervezés}} * {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|organização}} * {{Z|ro}}: {{W-|ro|organizaţie}} * {{Z|ru}}: {{W+|ru|организация}} * {{Z|sh}}: *: Latînî: {{W-|la|organizacija}} * {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|organización}} * {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|organisation}} * {{Z|tl}}: {{W+|tl|samahán}}, {{W-|tl|kapisánan}} * {{Z|th}}: {{W-|th|การจัยการอย่างเป็นระบบ}}, {{W+|th|องค์กร}}, {{W+|th|องค์ประกอบ}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|organizasyon}}, {{W+|tr|örgüt}}, {{W+|tr|teşkilat}}, {{W+|tr|kurum}}, {{W+|tr|nizam}}, {{W+|tr|rabıta}}, {{W+|tr|rejim}}, {{W+|tr|sistem}}, {{W+|tr|tertibat}}, {{W+|tr|tertip}}, {{W+|tr|düzen}} * {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|οργάνωση}} {{werger-bin}} o91p9gyprnyw8q7xipge34tvzci4uy2 saziman 0 21722 6236119 5684929 2026-05-27T02:02:03Z Ghybu 1393 /* Navdêr */ 6236119 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Navdêr === {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # {{guharto|ku|sazman}} ofphbp205vz2n9dfjpjv2ui6f6eo5ja pembe 0 24909 6236113 6235147 2026-05-27T01:42:10Z Ghybu 1393 /* Rengdêr */ 6236113 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-IPA}} * {{ku-kîte}} === Rengdêr === {{ku-tewîn-rd|pembe}} [[Wêne:20140515Rosa rubiginosa4.jpg|thumb|Kulîlkeke '''pembe''' ya şîlanê.]] {{rengdêr|ku}} # {{f|ku|reng}} [[reng|Reng]]ê [[sor]]î [[vebûyî]]. #: Pembe: {{reng|#FF7FCF}}{{reng|#FD3F92}}{{reng|#C4698F}} #: {{hevmane|ku|kinûşk|helesor|şîrik|pîvazî|kinûşk|sîfik|sûf}} #* {{jêder|ku|jêgirtin=Xanima ku li alê rastê ê bernamekar rûniştibû lingê xwe yê rastê avêtibû ser lingê çepê, pêlavek qahveyî û poztûj li lingê wê û qazaxekî rengesor û '''pembe''' ku gazî hevdu dikirin li xwe kiribû. Berçavkên çargoşe û modern li ber çavên wê bûn. Bixwebibawer û piştrast bi giranî rûniştîbû. Xanima ku li himber bernamekar rûniştibû, te digo qey porê wê ji qîrê derxistine û di peyda jî di rûnê zeytê da gerandine, weha reş û dibiriqî. Lê ew bi xwe hinek şermok bû û bi çavên [[huznî]] li dora xwe mêze dikir.|Kadîm Kan: ''Bernameyek muhtemel'', Peyama Kurd, hj. 78, 3/2006}} ==== Herwiha ==== * {{g|ku|penbe}} ==== Jê ==== {{kol3|ku|cure=Jê | pembe bûn<pos:lêker> | pembe kirin<pos:lêker> | pembebûn<pos:navdêr> | pembekirin<pos:navdêr> | pembebûyî<pos:rengdêr> | pembekirî<pos:rengdêr> | pembeyî | pembeyîtî }} ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{ji|ira}}, [[hevreh]]a kurmancî {{q|ku|pembû}}, {{hv|fa|پنبه|tr=penbe|w=[[pembû]]}}. Maneya eslî "pembû" ye lê paşî maneya rengekî girtiye. ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|rosa}} * {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|merah jambu}} * {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|vaaleanpunainen}} * {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|rose}} * {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|roze}} * {{Z|he}}: {{W+|he|ורוד}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|pink}} * {{Z|ga}}: {{W+|ga|bándearg}} * {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|rosa|m}} * {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|rózsaszín}} * {{Z|no}}: {{W+|no|rosa}} * {{Z|ro}}: {{W+|ro|roz}} * {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|rosa}}, {{W+|es|rosado}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|pembe}} {{werger-bin}} === Navdêr === {{ku-tewîn-nav|pembe|nêr}} {{navdêr|ku|z=n}} # [[reng|Rengê]] pembe. #* {{bêmînak|ku}} # [[pembû]] #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser|reng}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Rosa|nt}} * {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|rose|n}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|pink}} * {{Z|pl}}: {{W+|pl|róż|n}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|fr|pembe}} {{werger-bin}} == {{ziman|sw}} == === Navdêr === {{navdêr|sw}} # {{mijar|sw|anatomî}} {{g|ku|şax}}, {{g|ku|strû}}, {{g|ku|qiloç}}, {{g|ku|qoç}} (hestiyê bi serê hin heywanan ve) #* {{bêmînak|sw}} === Çavkanî === {{rûpela wergerê|sw|şax}} == {{ziman|tr}} == === Navdêr === {{navdêr|tr}} # {{g|ku|pembe}}, [[kinûşk]], [[helesor]], [[şîrik]] #* {{bêmînak|tr}} mzh4vn1vhb5zrnab6hr6mujarbzl4ub xeyat 0 26006 6236097 6132450 2026-05-26T22:38:19Z Ghybu 1393 /* Navdêr */ 6236097 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-kîte}} === Navdêr === {{ku-tewîn-nav|xeyat|mê û nêr}} {{navdêr|ku|z=mn}} # Kesa/ê ku karê wê / wî [[dirûn]] û çêkirina [[cil]]an e. #: {{hevmane|ku|terzî|cildirû|dirûvan|dirwar|dirûnkar}} #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Jê ==== * [[xeyatî]] ==== Bide ber ==== * [[xeyam]] * [[xeyal]] ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{ji|ar|ku|خياط|tr=xeyyaṭ|w=[[derzî]], [[cildirû]]}} ji rehê {{g|ar|خ ي ط|tr=x-y-ṭ-|w=[[cil]] [[dirûn]] / [[dirûtin]]}}, [[hevreh]]a aramî [[ܚܝܛܐ]] (xeyyaṭa) ji [[lêker]]a [[ܚܘܛ]] (x-w-ṭ-: [[[cil]] [[dirûn]] / [[dirûtin]]). ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Schneider|m}} * {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|skrædder}} * {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|tajloro}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|نجار}} * {{Z|fo}}: {{W-|fo|skraddari}} * {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|räätäli}}, {{W+|fi|ompelija}} * {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|tailleur}} * {{Z|fy}}: {{W-|fy|skroar}} * {{Z|gd}}: {{W-|gd|tàillear}} * [[gandayî]]: [[omutunzi]] * [[gaskonî]]: [[talhur]] * {{Z|ht}}: {{W-|ht|tayè}} * {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|kleermaker}}, {{W+|nl|snijder}}, {{W+|nl|tailleur}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|tailor}}, {{W+|en|joiner}} * {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|sarto}} * {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|sastre}} * {{Z|ms}}: {{W-|ms|penjahit}} * [[moreyî]]: [[fushẽda]] * {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|szabó}} * {{Z|no}}: {{W-|no|skredder}} * {{Z|pap}}: {{W-|pap|sastre}} * {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|alfaiate}}, {{W+|pt|costureira}} * {{Z|scn}}: {{W+|scn|sartu}} * {{Z|nso}}: {{W-|nso|moroko}} * {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|sastre}} * {{Z|sw}}: {{W-|sw|mshonaji}} * {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|skräddare}} * {{Z|sn}}: {{W-|sn|musoni}} * {{Z|tl}}: {{W-|tl|mananáhì}}, {{W-|tl|sástre}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|terzi}}, {{W+|tr|dülger}}, {{W+|tr|doğramacı}}, {{W+|tr|marangoz}}, {{W+|tr|tüketim|guman=erê}} * {{Z|wo}}: {{W-|wo|nawkat}} {{werger-bin}} fad0ouh6zpg20gcsp97hmgkkdsrsruk cildirû 0 26007 6236098 6132451 2026-05-26T22:40:26Z Ghybu 1393 /* Navdêr */ 6236098 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-kîte}} === Navdêr === {{ku-tewîn-nav|cildirû|mê û nêr}} {{navdêr|ku|z=mn}} # Kesa/ê ku karê wê / wî [[dirûn]] û çêkirina [[cil]]an e. #: {{hevmane|ku|xeyat|terzî|dirûvan|dirwar|dirûnkar}} #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Bide ber ==== * [[cildrû]] * [[cildir]] ==== Jê ==== * [[cildirûtî]] ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji ''[[cil]]'' + ''[[dirûn]]'' - ''[[-n]]''. ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Schneider|m}} * {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|skrædder}} * {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|tajloro}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W-|fa|چرخ خیاطی}} * {{Z|fo}}: {{W-|fo|skraddari}} * {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|räätäli}}, {{W+|fi|ompelija}} * {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|tailleur}} * {{Z|fy}}: {{W-|fy|skroar}} * {{Z|gd}}: {{W-|gd|tàillear}} * [[gandayî]]: [[omutunzi]] * [[gaskonî]]: [[talhur]] * {{Z|ht}}: {{W-|ht|tayè}} * {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|kleermaker}}, {{W+|nl|snijder}}, {{W+|nl|tailleur}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|tailor}}, {{W+|en|saddler}}, {{W+|en|seamster|guman=erê}} * {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|sarto}} * {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|sastre}} * {{Z|ms}}: {{W-|ms|penjahit}} * [[moreyî]]: [[fushẽda]] * {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|szabó}} * {{Z|no}}: {{W-|no|skredder}} * {{Z|pap}}: {{W-|pap|sastre}} * {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|alfaiate}}, {{W+|pt|costureira}} * {{Z|scn}}: {{W+|scn|sartu}} * {{Z|nso}}: {{W-|nso|moroko}} * {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|sastre}} * {{Z|sw}}: {{W-|sw|mshonaji}} * {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|skräddare}} * {{Z|sn}}: {{W-|sn|musoni}} * {{Z|tl}}: {{W-|tl|mananáhì}}, {{W-|tl|sástre}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|terzi}} * {{Z|wo}}: {{W-|wo|nawkat}} {{werger-bin}} cyczo89w1o1zl2lx1gioc6u7hakrx2u teşkîlat 0 32300 6236127 6232918 2026-05-27T02:34:29Z Ghybu 1393 /* Navdêr */ 6236127 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-IPA}} * {{ku-kîte}} === Navdêr === {{ku-tewîn-nav|teşkîlat|mê}} {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # [[rêkxistin]], [[organîzasyon]], [[dezgeh]], [[komele]] #* {{bêmînak|ku}} # {{kontrol|rêz=erê|[[sazman]], [[yekîtî]], [[civat]], [[sosyete]], [[sazî]], [[mezrek]], [[mezringeh]], [[damezrek]], [[cemiyet]], [[kom]], [[partî]], [[hizb]]}} ==== Herwiha ==== * [[teşkilat]] ==== Jê ==== * [[teşkîlatî]] ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{ji|ar|ku|تَشْكِيلَات}}, pirjimara {{q|ar|تَشْكِيل}}. ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Organisation}} {{m}} * {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|منظمة|guman=erê}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|تشکیلات}}, {{W+|fa|تشکیلات}}, {{W+|fa|سازمان}}, {{W+|fa|تشکیلات}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|organisation}}, {{W+|en|organization}} * {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|organisation}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|cemiyet}}, {{W+|tr|organizasyon}}, {{W+|tr|örgüt}}, {{W+|tr|teşkilat}} {{werger-bin}} f4yrphezhxlyyuqopdwrwhtc0879ndk 6236129 6236127 2026-05-27T02:36:57Z Ghybu 1393 /* Werger */ 6236129 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-IPA}} * {{ku-kîte}} === Navdêr === {{ku-tewîn-nav|teşkîlat|mê}} {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # [[rêkxistin]], [[organîzasyon]], [[dezgeh]], [[komele]] #* {{bêmînak|ku}} # {{kontrol|rêz=erê|[[sazman]], [[yekîtî]], [[civat]], [[sosyete]], [[sazî]], [[mezrek]], [[mezringeh]], [[damezrek]], [[cemiyet]], [[kom]], [[partî]], [[hizb]]}} ==== Herwiha ==== * [[teşkilat]] ==== Jê ==== * [[teşkîlatî]] ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{ji|ar|ku|تَشْكِيلَات}}, pirjimara {{q|ar|تَشْكِيل}}. ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Organisation}} {{m}} * {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|مُنَظَّمَة}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|تشکیلات}}, {{W+|fa|تشکیلات}}, {{W+|fa|سازمان}}, {{W+|fa|تشکیلات}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|organisation}}, {{W+|en|organization}} * {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|organisation}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|cemiyet}}, {{W+|tr|organizasyon}}, {{W+|tr|örgüt}}, {{W+|tr|teşkilat}} {{werger-bin}} enrusvjq7r6iu8vavb53c63jlfg0rca komele 0 32521 6236130 6113277 2026-05-27T02:40:22Z Ghybu 1393 /* Navdêr */ 6236130 wikitext text/x-wiki {{bnr-h|Komele}} == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-IPA}} * {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163 (kmr)-Ebulfîda-komele.wav|Deng|Bidlîs}} * {{ku-kîte}} === Navdêr === {{ku-tewîn-nav|komele|mê|guherto=hemû}} {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # [[kom|Koma]] mirovan ya ku [[bi hev re]] bo hin [[armanc]]an [[xebitîn|dixebite]]. #: {{hevmane|ku|rêkxistin|organîzasyon|sazman|teşkîlat|yekîtî|civat|cemiyet|cemaet|sosyete}} #: {{mk|ku|'''Komeleya''' nivîskaran.}} #: {{mk|ku|'''Komeleyek''' kultûrî.}} #: {{mk|ku|Partî û '''komeleyên''' kurdan îro [[xwepêşandan]]ekê saz dikin.}} ==== Bi alfabeyên din ==== * {{ku-ar|کۆمەلە}} ==== Herwiha ==== * {{g|ku|komala}} * {{g|ku|komale}} * {{g|ku|komel}} * {{g|ku|komela}} ==== Jê ==== * {{g|ku|komeleyî}} * {{mj|lêker}} {{g|ku|komele danîn}} * {{mj|navdêr}} {{g|ku|komeledanîn}} ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{deyn|ckb|ku|کۆمەڵە}}. ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W|de|Assoziation|f}}, {{W|de|Verbindung|f}}, {{W|de|Vereinigung|f}}, {{W|de|Verband|m}}, {{W|de|Bund|n}}, {{W|de|Organisation|f}}, {{W|de|Partie|f}}, {{W|de|Gemeinde|f}}, {{W|de|Fraktion|f|guman=erê}}, {{W|de|Zunft|f|guman=erê}}, {{W|de|Verein|guman=erê}} * {{Z|cs}}: {{W+|cs|asociace}} * {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|asosiasi}} * {{Z|ar}}: {{W|ar|اتحاد}}, {{W|ar|جمعية}}, {{W|ar|جماعة}}, {{W|ar|رابطة}}, {{W|ar|مجتمع}}, {{W|ar|منظمة}}, {{W|ar|الجمعیة}}, {{W|ar|تشكيل}} * {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|asocio}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|انجمن}}, {{W+|fa|تشکیلات}}, {{W+|fa|جامعه}}, {{W+|fa|سازمان}}, {{W+|fa|جماعت}}, {{W+|fa|جمعیت|guman=erê}} * {{Z|fo}}: {{W+|fo|samskipan}}, {{W+|fo|felag}} * {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|associatie}}, {{W+|nl|genootschap}}, {{W+|nl|vereniging}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|association}}, {{W+|en|club}}, {{W+|en|society}}, {{W+|en|union}}, {{W+|en|corporation}}, {{W+|en|institution}}, {{W+|en|league}}, {{W+|en|fellowship}}, {{W+|en|fraternity}}, {{W+|en|gild}}, {{W+|en|guild}}, {{W|en|coterie|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|faction|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|league of nations|guman=erê}} * {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|associació}} * {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|szövetség}} * {{Z|no}}: {{W+|no|forening}} * {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|associação}}, {{W+|pt|companhia}}, {{W+|pt|grêmio}}, {{W+|pt|parceria}}, {{W+|pt|sociedade}} * {{Z|ru}}: {{W+|ru|ассоциация}} * {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|asociación}}, {{W+|es|liga}}, {{W+|es|unión}}, {{W+|es|sindicato}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|dernek}}, {{W+|tr|cemiyet}}, {{W+|tr|sosyete}}, {{W+|tr|organizasyon}}, {{W+|tr|toplum}}, {{W+|tr|içtima}}, {{W+|tr|örgüt}}, {{W+|tr|teşkilat}}, {{W+|tr|lokal}} {{werger-bin}} gxh7xox20w2aby50295mc3d98ed8squ Organisation 0 37980 6236128 6104499 2026-05-27T02:36:41Z Ghybu 1393 /* {{ziman|de}} */ 6236128 wikitext text/x-wiki {{bnr-h|organisation}} == {{ziman|de}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{IPA|de|[ɔʁɡanizaˈt͡si̯oːn]}} * {{deng|de|De-Organisation.ogg|Deng|dever=Berlîn, Almanya}} * {{deng|de|LL-Q188 (deu)-Sebastian Wallroth-Organisation.wav|Deng|dever=Berlîn, Almanya}} * {{kîte|de|Or|ga|ni|sa|ti|on}} === Navdêr === {{navdêr|de|z=m}} # [[rêkxistin]], [[sazî]], [[organîzasyon]], [[sazman]], [[teşkîlat]], [[komele]] ==== Bide ber ==== * {{g|de|organisation}} ohc037q5bzeamceoo0xarqx2ci4teni dirûvan 0 38849 6236100 6067599 2026-05-26T22:42:46Z Ghybu 1393 /* Navdêr 1 */ 6236100 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{IPA|ku|/dɪɾuːˈvɑːn/}} * {{kîte|ku|di|rû|van}} === Navdêr 1 === {{ku-tewîn-nav|dirûvan|mê û nêr}} {{navdêr|ku|z=mn}} # Kesa/ê ku karê wê / wî [[dirûn]] û çêkirina [[cil]]an e. #: {{hevmane|ku|xeyat|terzî|cildirû|dirwar|dirûnkar}} #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Herwiha ==== * [[dirûnker]] * [[dirûnvan]] ==== Bide ber ==== * [[derzî]] ==== Jê ==== * [[dirûnvanî]] ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W|de|Schneider|m}}, {{W|de|Näherin|f}} * {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|skrædder}} * {{Z|ar}}: {{W|ar|خياط|guman=erê}}, {{W|ar|النصاح|guman=erê}}, {{W|ar|خیاط|guman=erê}} * {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|tajloro}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|خیاط}}, {{W|fa|بخیه|guman=erê}}, {{W|fa|دوخت|guman=erê}} * {{Z|fo}}: {{W+|fo|skraddari}} * {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|räätäli}}, {{W+|fi|ompelija}} * {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|tailleur}} * {{Z|fy}}: {{W+|fy|skroar}} * {{Z|gd}}: {{W+|gd|tàillear}} * [[gandayî]]: [[omutunzi]] * [[gaskonî]]: [[talhur]] * {{Z|ht}}: {{W+|ht|tayè}} * {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|kleermaker}}, {{W+|nl|snijder}}, {{W+|nl|tailleur}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|tailor}}, {{W+|en|snip|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|costumer|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|reaper|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|tailoress|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|former}} * {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|sarto}} * {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|sastre}} * {{Z|ms}}: {{W+|ms|penjahit}} * [[moreyî]]: [[fushẽda]] * {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|szabó}} * {{Z|no}}: {{W+|no|skredder}} * {{Z|pap}}: {{W+|pap|sastre}} * {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|alfaiate}}, {{W+|pt|costureira}} * {{Z|scn}}: {{W+|scn|sartu}} * {{Z|nso}}: {{W+|nso|moroko}} * {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|sastre}} * {{Z|sw}}: {{W+|sw|mshonaji}} * {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|skräddare}} * {{Z|sn}}: {{W+|sn|musoni}} * {{Z|tl}}: {{W+|tl|mananáhì}}, {{W+|tl|sástre}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|terzi}}, {{W+|tr|dikici}}, {{W+|tr|dikişçi}}, {{W+|tr|ırgat}}, {{W+|tr|asimilasyon|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|benzeme|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|dönüşme|guman=erê}}, {{W-|tr|biçimlendirici}} * {{Z|wo}}: {{W+|wo|nawkat}} {{werger-bin}} === Navdêr 2 === {{navdêr|ku|z=}} # [[dirûkar]], kesa/ê ku [[giya]]yî [[dirûn|didirû]] anku bi [[şalok]]ê yan [[derase|deraseyê]] [[birîn|dibire]] #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Herwiha ==== * [[dirûvan]] * [[drûkar]] * [[drûvan]] ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{qertaf|ku|dirûn|-van}}. ==== Jê ==== * [[dirûvanî]] * [[dirûvanîtî]] * [[dirûvantî]] ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} {{werger-bin}} 3hrcd1hxotx0jfoj6a17pbsj9pc7gs4 6236107 6236100 2026-05-26T22:55:01Z Ghybu 1393 /* Navdêr 2 */ 6236107 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{IPA|ku|/dɪɾuːˈvɑːn/}} * {{kîte|ku|di|rû|van}} === Navdêr 1 === {{ku-tewîn-nav|dirûvan|mê û nêr}} {{navdêr|ku|z=mn}} # Kesa/ê ku karê wê / wî [[dirûn]] û çêkirina [[cil]]an e. #: {{hevmane|ku|xeyat|terzî|cildirû|dirwar|dirûnkar}} #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Herwiha ==== * [[dirûnker]] * [[dirûnvan]] ==== Bide ber ==== * [[derzî]] ==== Jê ==== * [[dirûnvanî]] ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W|de|Schneider|m}}, {{W|de|Näherin|f}} * {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|skrædder}} * {{Z|ar}}: {{W|ar|خياط|guman=erê}}, {{W|ar|النصاح|guman=erê}}, {{W|ar|خیاط|guman=erê}} * {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|tajloro}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|خیاط}}, {{W|fa|بخیه|guman=erê}}, {{W|fa|دوخت|guman=erê}} * {{Z|fo}}: {{W+|fo|skraddari}} * {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|räätäli}}, {{W+|fi|ompelija}} * {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|tailleur}} * {{Z|fy}}: {{W+|fy|skroar}} * {{Z|gd}}: {{W+|gd|tàillear}} * [[gandayî]]: [[omutunzi]] * [[gaskonî]]: [[talhur]] * {{Z|ht}}: {{W+|ht|tayè}} * {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|kleermaker}}, {{W+|nl|snijder}}, {{W+|nl|tailleur}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|tailor}}, {{W+|en|snip|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|costumer|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|reaper|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|tailoress|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|former}} * {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|sarto}} * {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|sastre}} * {{Z|ms}}: {{W+|ms|penjahit}} * [[moreyî]]: [[fushẽda]] * {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|szabó}} * {{Z|no}}: {{W+|no|skredder}} * {{Z|pap}}: {{W+|pap|sastre}} * {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|alfaiate}}, {{W+|pt|costureira}} * {{Z|scn}}: {{W+|scn|sartu}} * {{Z|nso}}: {{W+|nso|moroko}} * {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|sastre}} * {{Z|sw}}: {{W+|sw|mshonaji}} * {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|skräddare}} * {{Z|sn}}: {{W+|sn|musoni}} * {{Z|tl}}: {{W+|tl|mananáhì}}, {{W+|tl|sástre}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|terzi}}, {{W+|tr|dikici}}, {{W+|tr|dikişçi}}, {{W+|tr|ırgat}}, {{W+|tr|asimilasyon|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|benzeme|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|dönüşme|guman=erê}}, {{W-|tr|biçimlendirici}} * {{Z|wo}}: {{W+|wo|nawkat}} {{werger-bin}} === Navdêr 2 === {{navdêr|ku|z=mn}} # Kesa/ê ku [[giya]]yî [[dirûn|didirû]] anku bi [[şalok]]ê yan [[derase|deraseyê]] [[birîn|dibire]]. #* {{hevmane|ku|dirûkar}} #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Herwiha ==== * [[drûkar]] * [[drûvan]] ==== Jê ==== * [[dirûvanî]] * [[dirûvanîtî]] * [[dirûvantî]] ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{qertaf|ku|dirûn|-van}}. ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|moissonneur|n}}, {{W+|fr|moissonneuse|m}}, {{W+|fr|métiveur|n}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|fr|reaper}}, {{W+|fr|harvester}} {{werger-bin}} 7kp4ay3vcmn0h3344i9e8s1mi0w7j3q 6236108 6236107 2026-05-26T22:58:36Z Ghybu 1393 /* Werger */ 6236108 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{IPA|ku|/dɪɾuːˈvɑːn/}} * {{kîte|ku|di|rû|van}} === Navdêr 1 === {{ku-tewîn-nav|dirûvan|mê û nêr}} {{navdêr|ku|z=mn}} # Kesa/ê ku karê wê / wî [[dirûn]] û çêkirina [[cil]]an e. #: {{hevmane|ku|xeyat|terzî|cildirû|dirwar|dirûnkar}} #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Herwiha ==== * [[dirûnker]] * [[dirûnvan]] ==== Bide ber ==== * [[derzî]] ==== Jê ==== * [[dirûnvanî]] ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W|de|Schneider|m}}, {{W|de|Näherin|f}} * {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|skrædder}} * {{Z|ar}}: {{W|ar|خياط|guman=erê}}, {{W|ar|النصاح|guman=erê}}, {{W|ar|خیاط|guman=erê}} * {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|tajloro}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|خیاط}}, {{W|fa|بخیه|guman=erê}}, {{W|fa|دوخت|guman=erê}} * {{Z|fo}}: {{W+|fo|skraddari}} * {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|räätäli}}, {{W+|fi|ompelija}} * {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|tailleur}} * {{Z|fy}}: {{W+|fy|skroar}} * {{Z|gd}}: {{W+|gd|tàillear}} * [[gandayî]]: [[omutunzi]] * [[gaskonî]]: [[talhur]] * {{Z|ht}}: {{W+|ht|tayè}} * {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|kleermaker}}, {{W+|nl|snijder}}, {{W+|nl|tailleur}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|tailor}}, {{W+|en|snip|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|costumer|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|reaper|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|tailoress|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|former}} * {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|sarto}} * {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|sastre}} * {{Z|ms}}: {{W+|ms|penjahit}} * [[moreyî]]: [[fushẽda]] * {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|szabó}} * {{Z|no}}: {{W+|no|skredder}} * {{Z|pap}}: {{W+|pap|sastre}} * {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|alfaiate}}, {{W+|pt|costureira}} * {{Z|scn}}: {{W+|scn|sartu}} * {{Z|nso}}: {{W+|nso|moroko}} * {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|sastre}} * {{Z|sw}}: {{W+|sw|mshonaji}} * {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|skräddare}} * {{Z|sn}}: {{W+|sn|musoni}} * {{Z|tl}}: {{W+|tl|mananáhì}}, {{W+|tl|sástre}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|terzi}}, {{W+|tr|dikici}}, {{W+|tr|dikişçi}}, {{W+|tr|ırgat}}, {{W+|tr|asimilasyon|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|benzeme|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|dönüşme|guman=erê}}, {{W-|tr|biçimlendirici}} * {{Z|wo}}: {{W+|wo|nawkat}} {{werger-bin}} === Navdêr 2 === {{navdêr|ku|z=mn}} # Kesa/ê ku [[giya]]yî [[dirûn|didirû]] anku bi [[şalok]]ê yan [[derase|deraseyê]] [[birîn|dibire]]. #* {{hevmane|ku|dirûkar}} #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Herwiha ==== * [[drûkar]] * [[drûvan]] ==== Jê ==== * [[dirûvanî]] * [[dirûvanîtî]] * [[dirûvantî]] ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{qertaf|ku|dirûn|-van}}. ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|moissonneur|n}}, {{W+|fr|faucheur|n}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|fr|reaper}}, {{W+|fr|harvester}} {{werger-bin}} poark2yi4zf214owyjoold8p7w46s8z 6236109 6236108 2026-05-26T23:01:44Z Ghybu 1393 /* Navdêr 2 */ 6236109 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{IPA|ku|/dɪɾuːˈvɑːn/}} * {{kîte|ku|di|rû|van}} === Navdêr 1 === {{ku-tewîn-nav|dirûvan|mê û nêr}} {{navdêr|ku|z=mn}} # Kesa/ê ku karê wê / wî [[dirûn]] û çêkirina [[cil]]an e. #: {{hevmane|ku|xeyat|terzî|cildirû|dirwar|dirûnkar}} #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Herwiha ==== * [[dirûnker]] * [[dirûnvan]] ==== Bide ber ==== * [[derzî]] ==== Jê ==== * [[dirûnvanî]] ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W|de|Schneider|m}}, {{W|de|Näherin|f}} * {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|skrædder}} * {{Z|ar}}: {{W|ar|خياط|guman=erê}}, {{W|ar|النصاح|guman=erê}}, {{W|ar|خیاط|guman=erê}} * {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|tajloro}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|خیاط}}, {{W|fa|بخیه|guman=erê}}, {{W|fa|دوخت|guman=erê}} * {{Z|fo}}: {{W+|fo|skraddari}} * {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|räätäli}}, {{W+|fi|ompelija}} * {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|tailleur}} * {{Z|fy}}: {{W+|fy|skroar}} * {{Z|gd}}: {{W+|gd|tàillear}} * [[gandayî]]: [[omutunzi]] * [[gaskonî]]: [[talhur]] * {{Z|ht}}: {{W+|ht|tayè}} * {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|kleermaker}}, {{W+|nl|snijder}}, {{W+|nl|tailleur}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|tailor}}, {{W+|en|snip|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|costumer|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|reaper|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|tailoress|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|former}} * {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|sarto}} * {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|sastre}} * {{Z|ms}}: {{W+|ms|penjahit}} * [[moreyî]]: [[fushẽda]] * {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|szabó}} * {{Z|no}}: {{W+|no|skredder}} * {{Z|pap}}: {{W+|pap|sastre}} * {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|alfaiate}}, {{W+|pt|costureira}} * {{Z|scn}}: {{W+|scn|sartu}} * {{Z|nso}}: {{W+|nso|moroko}} * {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|sastre}} * {{Z|sw}}: {{W+|sw|mshonaji}} * {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|skräddare}} * {{Z|sn}}: {{W+|sn|musoni}} * {{Z|tl}}: {{W+|tl|mananáhì}}, {{W+|tl|sástre}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|terzi}}, {{W+|tr|dikici}}, {{W+|tr|dikişçi}}, {{W+|tr|ırgat}}, {{W+|tr|asimilasyon|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|benzeme|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|dönüşme|guman=erê}}, {{W-|tr|biçimlendirici}} * {{Z|wo}}: {{W+|wo|nawkat}} {{werger-bin}} === Navdêr 2 === [[Wêne:Reaper (Andreyev).jpg|thumb|Dirûvanek]] {{navdêr|ku|z=mn}} # Kesa/ê ku [[giya]]yî [[dirûn|didirû]] anku bi [[şalok]]ê yan [[derase|deraseyê]] [[birîn|dibire]]. #* {{hevmane|ku|dirûkar}} #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Herwiha ==== * [[drûkar]] * [[drûvan]] ==== Jê ==== * [[dirûvanî]] * [[dirûvanîtî]] * [[dirûvantî]] ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{qertaf|ku|dirûn|-van}}. ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|moissonneur|n}}, {{W+|fr|faucheur|n}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|fr|reaper}}, {{W+|fr|harvester}} {{werger-bin}} l6t2mmh8ltxh5r2jlj5tocvp3py7fz0 dirûkar 0 38850 6236106 5682733 2026-05-26T22:54:14Z Ghybu 1393 /* {{ziman|ku}} */ 6236106 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Navdêr === {{navdêr|ku|z=mn}} # {{guharto|ku|dirûvan}} h3jq043ycgb9x2yqa6d7cy5dibqd88y dirwar 0 38851 6236099 5682723 2026-05-26T22:40:38Z Ghybu 1393 /* Navdêr */ 6236099 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Navdêr === {{navdêr|ku|z=mn}} # {{guharto|ku|dirûvan}} h3jq043ycgb9x2yqa6d7cy5dibqd88y dirûnkar 0 38852 6236101 5682735 2026-05-26T22:43:09Z Ghybu 1393 /* Navdêr */ 6236101 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Navdêr === {{navdêr|ku|z=mn}} # {{guharto|ku|dirûvan}} h3jq043ycgb9x2yqa6d7cy5dibqd88y jûjî 0 45749 6236088 6097113 2026-05-26T19:47:40Z حوسێن 9221 /* Bi zaravayên din */ 6236088 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-IPA}} ** (''[[rojhilatî]]'') {{IPA|ku|/ʒʉːˈʒiː/}} * {{ku-kîte}} * {{deng|ku|LL-Q36368 (kur)-Dildadil-jûjî.wav|Deng|dever=Amed}} * {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163 (kmr)-Ebulfîda-jûjî.wav|Deng|dever=Bidlîs}} === Navdêr === {{ku-tewîn-nav|jûjî|mê û nêr}} [[Wêne:Atelerix albiventris.jpg|thumb|jûjiyek]] {{navdêr|ku|z=n+}} # [[heywan]]ekî [[guhandar]] yê [[hûrik]] e û [[pişt]]a wî bi[[sîx]] e <br>(dema ku [[êriş]]î wî tê kirin, xwe dike [[gulolik]] û serê xwe di bin [[mîx]]ên xwe ve [[veşartin|vedişêre]]) #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Bi alfabeyên din ==== * {{ku-ar|ژووژی}} ==== Herwiha ==== {{kol3|ku|cure=Herwiha |jijih |jijo |jijû |jivje |jivjî |jîje |jîjî |jîjih |jîjik |jîjo |jîjok |jîjû |jîşî |jîşik |joje |jojî |jujî |jûje |jûjik |jûjû |jûşe |jûşî |jwîjî |jwîjwî }} ==== Bi alfabeyên din==== * {{ku-ar|ژووژی}} ==== [[mamik|Mamik]] ==== ''Kalikê min tê ji deştê /barê stirî li piştê... Ew çi ye? - Jûjî ye.'' ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{mîr|ine-pro|ku|*h₁eǵʰi-}}, [[hevreh]]a soranî {{g|ckb|ژیشک|tr=jîşk}}, zazakî [[dije]], farisî {{g|fa|جوجه‌تیغی|tr=cûcitîẍî}}, pehlewî ''zûzek'', avestayî ''dujeke'', osetî [[узун]] (uzun), ermenî [[ոզնի]] (oznî), rusî [[ёж]]), çekî/slovakî/slovenî [[jež]], polonî [[jeż]], lîtwanî [[ežys]], yûnanî [[ἐχῖνος]], almanî [[Igel]], swêdî [[igel]], danmarkî û norwecî [[igle]]... ==== Bi zaravayên din ==== * {{Z|ckb}}: {{W-|ckb|ژووژگ}}, {{W-|ckb|ژووژک}}, {{W-|ckb|ژووشک}}, {{W-|ckb|ژیشک}}, {{W-|ckb|کۆدۆ}} * {{Z|zza}}: [[dice]], [[dije|dije (n)]], [[dîje]], [[duce]], [[jije]], [[juje]], [[jûje|jûje (n)]], [[jûjî]], [[jûjû]], [[zuze]] ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|af}}: {{W-|af|krimpvarkie}} * {{Z|sq}}: {{W+|sq|uriq|n}}, {{W+|sq|iriq|n}}, {{W+|sq|esh|n}}, {{W+|sq|eshk|n}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Igel|n}} * {{Z|am}}: {{W-|am|ጥርኝ}} * {{Z|rup}}: {{W-|rup|ariciu}}, {{W-|rup|arici}} * {{Z|ast}}: {{W+|ast|rezcayeru|n}}, {{W+|ast|corcuspín}}, {{W+|ast|perrucuspín}}, {{W+|ast|oriciu}} * {{Z|av}}: {{W-|av|гӏужрукъ|sc=Cyrl}} * {{Z|az}}: {{W+|az|kirpi}} * {{Z|eu}}: {{W+|eu|triku}} * {{Z|ba}}: {{W-|ba|терпе|sc=Cyrl}} * {{Z|be}}: {{W+|be|во́жык|n}} * {{Z|bn}}: {{W-|bn|কাঁটাচুয়া}} * {{Z|br}}: {{W+|br|heureuchin|n}} * {{Z|bg}}: {{W+|bg|таралеж}}, {{W-|bg|еж|n|sc=Cyrl}} * {{Z|my}}: {{W+|my|ဖြူ}}, {{W-|my|ဖြူကောင်}} * {{Z|bua}}: {{W-|bua|заряа}} * {{Z|cs}}: {{W+|cs|ježek|n}} * {{Z|ny}}: {{W-|ny|kanungu}} * {{Z|zh}}: *: {{Z|yue}}: {{W-|yue|刺蝟|tr=ci3 wai6}} *: {{Z|cmn}}: {{W-|cmn|刺蝟|tr=cìwei}} * {{Z|cv}}: {{W-|cv|чӗрӗп}} * {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|pindsvin|nt}} * {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|landak}} * {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|قُنْفُذ|n}} *: {{Z|afb}}: {{W-|afb|دعلي|n|tr=dʕalay}} *: {{Z|arz}}: {{W-|arz|قنفد|n|tr=ʔunfed}} *: {{Z|acw}}: {{W-|acw|قنفذ|n|tr=qunfuḏ, gunfuḏ}} *: {{Z|ary}}: {{W-|ary|قنفود|n|tr=qanfūd}} * {{Z|hy}}: {{W+|hy|ոզնի}} * {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|erinaco}} * {{Z|et}}: {{W+|et|siil}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|جوجه‌تیغی|tr=juje-tiği}}, {{W-|fa|ژوژ|tr=žuž}} * {{Z|fo}}: {{W+|fo|tindasvín|nt}}, {{W-|fo|igulkøttur|n}} * {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|siili}} * {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|hérisson|n}} * {{Z|fur}}: {{W-|fur|riç|n}}, {{W-|fur|rič|n}} * {{Z|fy}}: {{W+|fy|ychelbaarch}}, {{W+|fy|ychel}} * {{Z|gd}}: {{W-|gd|gràineag|m}} * {{Z|gl}}: {{W+|gl|ourizo|n}}, {{W+|gl|ourizo cacho|n}} * {{Z|ka}}: {{W-|ka|ზღარბი}} * {{Z|bgc}}: {{W-|bgc|झाऊमूसा}}, {{W-|bgc|झाहुमूसा}} * {{Z|hi}}: {{W+|hi|साही|n}} * {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|egel|n}} * {{Z|he}}: {{W+|he|קיפוד|n|tr=kipod|cuda=קִפּוֹד / קיפוד|sc=Hebr}} * {{Z|ang}}: {{W-|ang|iġil|n}}, {{W-|ang|hattefagol|n}} * {{Z|enm}}: {{W-|enm|yrchoun}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|hedgehog}} * {{Z|izh}}: {{W-|izh|jožikka}} * {{Z|inh}}: {{W-|inh|зӏий}} * {{Z|ga}}: {{W-|ga|gráinneog|m}} * {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|riccio|n}} * {{Z|is}}: {{W+|is|broddgöltur|n}} * {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|針鼠|tr=はりねずみ, harinezumi}}, {{W+|ja|ハリネズミ|tr=harinezumi|sc=Jpan}} * {{Z|xal}}: {{W-|xal|зара}} * {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|eriçó|n}} * {{Z|ky}}: {{W+|ky|кирпи}} * {{Z|ko}}: {{W+|ko|고슴도치}} * {{Z|kw}}: {{W-|kw|sort|n}} * {{Z|lld}}: {{W-|lld|igl}} * {{Z|ltg}}: {{W-|ltg|ezs|n}} * {{Z|la}}: {{W-|la|ērinaceus|n}}, {{W-|la|ēricius}} * {{Z|lv}}: {{W+|lv|ezis|n}} * {{Z|lo}}: {{W-|lo|ຫອນ}}, {{W+|lo|ເໝັ້ນ}} * {{Z|lt}}: {{W+|lt|ežys|n}} * {{Z|lb}}: {{W-|lb|Kéisécker|n}}, {{W+|lb|Däreldéier|nt}}, {{W+|lb|Igel|n}} * {{Z|mk}}: {{W-|mk|еж|n}} * {{Z|ms}}: {{W-|ms|landak}} * {{Z|mt}}: {{W-|mt|qanfud|n}} * {{Z|gv}}: {{W-|gv|arkan sonney|n}}, {{W-|gv|graynoge|m}} * {{Z|mi}}: {{W-|mi|tuatete}} * Marî: *: {{Z|mhr}}: {{W-|mhr|шоҥшо}} *: {{Z|mrj}}: {{W-|mrj|шӱлӹ}} * {{Z|mzn}}: {{W-|mzn|ارمجی|tr=armeji|sc=ps-Arab}} * {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|sün}}, {{W+|hu|sündisznó}} * {{Z|mn}}: {{W+|mn|зараа|sc=Cyrl}}, {{W-|mn|зожиг хүн|sc=Cyrl}} * {{Z|nv}}: {{W-|nv|adijiłii}} * {{Z|nds}}: *: {{Z|nds-de}}: {{W-|nds-de|egel}}, {{W-|nds-de|swienegel}}, {{W-|nds-de|scharphaas}} * {{Z|nog}}: {{W-|nog|кирпи}} * {{Z|nrf}}: {{W-|nrf|hérisson|n}} * {{Z|no}}: *: {{Z|nb}}: {{W+|nb|piggsvin|nt}}, {{W+|nb|pinnsvin|nt}} *: {{Z|nn}}: {{W+|nn|piggsvin|nt}}, {{W+|nn|bustyvel|n}} * {{Z|oc}}: {{W+|oc|eriç|n}}, {{W+|oc|eiriçon|n}} * {{Z|os}}: {{W-|os|уызын}} * {{Z|ota}}: {{W-|ota|كرپی|tr=kirpi}} * {{Z|ug}}: {{W-|ug|كىرپە}} * {{Z|uz}}: {{W+|uz|kirpi}} * {{Z|ps}}: {{W-|ps|جږګی|n|tr=jiǵgay|sc=ps-Arab}} * {{Z|pdt}}: {{W-|pdt|Schwienhunt|n}} * {{Z|pl}}: {{W+|pl|jeż|n}} * {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|ouriço|n}} * {{Z|pa}}: {{W-|pa|ਕੰਡਿਆਲ਼ਾ|n}}, {{W-|pa|ਕੰਡੇਰਨਾ|n}}, {{W-|pa|ਝਾਹਾ|n}} * {{Z|kk}}: {{W-|kk|кірпі|sc=Cyrl}} * {{Z|cop}}: {{W-|cop|ⲫⲩⲛⲟⲥ|n}}, {{W-|cop|ⲭⲓⲣⲟⲅⲣⲓⲗⲗⲓⲟⲛ|n}} * {{Z|rm}}: {{W-|rm|erizun}} * {{Z|rom}}: {{W-|rom|arichi|n}} * {{Z|ro}}: {{W+|ro|arici}} * {{Z|ru}}: {{W+|ru|ёж|n}}, {{W+|ru|ёжик|n}}, {{W+|ru|ежи́ха|m}}, {{W+|ru|ежа́к|n}} * Samî: *: {{Z|se}}: {{W-|se|biikagoašku}} * {{Z|sc}}: {{W-|sc|arritzoni}}, {{W-|sc|grixoni}}, {{W-|sc|berittu}} * {{Z|scn}}: {{W+|scn|rizzu}} * {{Z|sh}}: *: Kirîlî: {{W-|sh|је̑ж|n|sc=Cyrl}} *: Latînî: {{W+|sh|jȇž|n}} * {{Z|sco}}: {{W-|sco|hurcheon}} * {{Z|orv}}: {{W-|orv|ожь|n}}, {{W-|orv|ежь|n}} * {{Z|sk}}: {{W+|sk|jež|n}} * {{Z|sl}}: {{W+|sl|jež|n}} * Sorbî: *: {{Z|dsb}}: {{W-|dsb|jež|n}} *: {{Z|hsb}}: {{W-|hsb|jěž|n}}, {{W-|hsb|jěžik|n}} * {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|erizo|n}} * {{Z|su}}: {{W-|su|landak}} * {{Z|sw}}: {{W+|sw|kalunguyeye|c9|c10}} * {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|igelkott|g}} * {{Z|zdj}}: {{W-|zdj|lanɗa|c9|c10}} * {{Z|tg}}: {{W+|tg|хорпушт}} * {{Z|tl}}: {{W-|tl|eriso}} * {{Z|th}}: {{W+|th|เม่น}} * {{Z|tt}}: {{W+|tt|керпе}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|kirpi}} * {{Z|tk}}: {{W-|tk|kirpi}} * {{Z|udi}}: {{W-|udi|цацнагъаъгъаъл}} * {{Z|uk}}: {{W+|uk|їжа́к|n}} * {{Z|vi}}: {{W+|vi|nhím}} * {{Z|vo}}: {{W+|vo|reinad}} * {{Z|vot}}: {{W-|vot|siili}} * {{Z|wa}}: {{W+|wa|lurson|n}}, {{W+|wa|nierson|n}}, {{W+|wa|irson|n}} * {{Z|cy}}: {{W-|cy|draenog|n}} * {{Z|wym}}: {{W-|wym|ejggl}} * {{Z|wo}}: {{W-|wo|[[suññéel]] bi}} * {{Z|yi}}: {{W-|yi|שטעכלער|n|sc=Hebr}}, {{W-|yi|יאָזש|n}} * {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|σκαντζόχοιρος|n}} *: Kevn: {{W-|grc|ἐχῖνος|n}}, {{W-|grc|χήρ|n}} * {{Z|zu}}: {{W-|zu|inhloli|c9|c10}} {{werger-bin}} :{{werger çavkanî|en|hedgehog|beş=Ev qismê Wergerê|oldid=76281029}} == {{ziman|zza}} == === Navdêr === {{navdêr|zza}} # {{g|ku|jûjî}} #* {{bêmînak|zza}} dbm3ys790vhb5r4b0nx5bkg7epg4oco têketin 0 47537 6236149 6124879 2026-05-27T03:25:01Z Ghybu 1393 /* Lêker */ 6236149 wikitext text/x-wiki {{bnr-l|tê ketin}} == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-kîte}} === Lêker === {{lêker|ku|c=}} # [[çûn]] [[hindir]], çûn [[têve]], çûn [[têde]], [[daxil]] bûn #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Herwiha ==== {{kol3|ku | tê keftin | tê ketin | tê kevtin | têkeftin | têkevtin }} ==== Jê ==== {{kol3|ku | têketî | têkev | têkeve }} ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji ''[[tê]]'' (di wê) + ''[[ketin]]''. ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|دخول|guman=erê}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|دسترسی}}, {{W-|fa|محل گذر}}, {{W+|fa|ورود}}, {{W+|fa|وارد شدن}} * {{Z|en}}: to {{W+|en|enter}}, to [[go]] in, {{W+|en|admittance}}, {{W+|en|entrance}}, {{W+|en|sign in}}, {{W+|en|go in}}, {{W+|en|implication|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|incurrence|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|involvement|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|log in|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|entering|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|go into|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|incur|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|embroilment|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|entry|guman=erê}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|girme}}, {{W+|tr|hulul}}, {{W+|tr|sokulmak}}, {{W+|tr|sokuluş}}, {{W+|tr|dalma}}, {{W+|tr|giriliş|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|duhul|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|girim|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|giriş|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|intisap|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|girdi|guman=erê}} {{werger-bin}} {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Eingang|m}}, {{W+|de|eintreten}}, {{W+|de|eingehen}}, {{W+|de|Einfahrt|f}}, {{W+|de|Einlass|m}}, {{W+|de|Einmarsch}}, {{W+|de|Einreise|f}}, {{W+|de|einmarschieren}}, {{W+|de|einreisen}}, {{W+|de|hereinkommen}}, {{W+|de|hineingehen}}, {{W-|de|hineinkommen}}, {{W+|de|Betreten|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|Einstieg|m|guman=erê}}, {{W-|de|Eintreten|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|Eintritt|m|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|Einzug|m|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|Vestibül|m|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|Zugang|m|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|Zutritt|m|guman=erê}} {{werger-bin}} === Navdêr === {{ku-tewîn-nav|têketin|mê}} {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # [[kiryar]]a ketina [[avahî]]yeki an jî [[tevlîbûn]]a civak an [[rêxistin]]ek [[taybet]]î. #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|entry}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|giriş}} {{werger-bin}} dxj04pqngkdh4gxo0du8n922vhttkcn 6236150 6236149 2026-05-27T03:25:30Z Ghybu 1393 /* Navdêr */ 6236150 wikitext text/x-wiki {{bnr-l|tê ketin}} == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-kîte}} === Lêker === {{lêker|ku|c=}} # [[çûn]] [[hindir]], çûn [[têve]], çûn [[têde]], [[daxil]] bûn #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Herwiha ==== {{kol3|ku | tê keftin | tê ketin | tê kevtin | têkeftin | têkevtin }} ==== Jê ==== {{kol3|ku | têketî | têkev | têkeve }} ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji ''[[tê]]'' (di wê) + ''[[ketin]]''. ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|دخول|guman=erê}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|دسترسی}}, {{W-|fa|محل گذر}}, {{W+|fa|ورود}}, {{W+|fa|وارد شدن}} * {{Z|en}}: to {{W+|en|enter}}, to [[go]] in, {{W+|en|admittance}}, {{W+|en|entrance}}, {{W+|en|sign in}}, {{W+|en|go in}}, {{W+|en|implication|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|incurrence|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|involvement|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|log in|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|entering|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|go into|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|incur|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|embroilment|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|entry|guman=erê}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|girme}}, {{W+|tr|hulul}}, {{W+|tr|sokulmak}}, {{W+|tr|sokuluş}}, {{W+|tr|dalma}}, {{W+|tr|giriliş|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|duhul|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|girim|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|giriş|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|intisap|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|girdi|guman=erê}} {{werger-bin}} {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Eingang|m}}, {{W+|de|eintreten}}, {{W+|de|eingehen}}, {{W+|de|Einfahrt|f}}, {{W+|de|Einlass|m}}, {{W+|de|Einmarsch}}, {{W+|de|Einreise|f}}, {{W+|de|einmarschieren}}, {{W+|de|einreisen}}, {{W+|de|hereinkommen}}, {{W+|de|hineingehen}}, {{W-|de|hineinkommen}}, {{W+|de|Betreten|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|Einstieg|m|guman=erê}}, {{W-|de|Eintreten|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|Eintritt|m|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|Einzug|m|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|Vestibül|m|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|Zugang|m|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|Zutritt|m|guman=erê}} {{werger-bin}} === Navdêr === {{ku-tewîn-nav|têketin|mê}} {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # [[kiryar|Kiryara]] ketina [[avahî]]yeki an jî [[tevlîbûn]]a civak an [[rêxistin]]ek [[taybet]]î. #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|entry}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|giriş}} {{werger-bin}} 9ovjdpxsf3bm6g143lrryvasqby4csx 6236153 6236150 2026-05-27T03:41:55Z Ghybu 1393 tenê navdêr e 6236153 wikitext text/x-wiki {{bnr-l|tê ketin}} == {{ziman|ku}} == === Navdêr === {{ku-tewîn-nav|têketin|mê}} {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # [[kiryar|Kiryara]] ketina [[avahî]]yeki an jî [[tevlîbûn]]a civak an [[rêxistin]]ek [[taybet]]î. #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|entry}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|girme}}, {{W+|tr|giriş}}, {{W+|tr|hulul}}, {{W+|tr|sokulma}}, {{W+|tr|sokuluş}}, {{W+|tr|dalma}}, {{W+|tr|giriliş|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|duhul|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|girim|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|intisap|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|girdi|guman=erê}} {{werger-bin}} ohj3wg0mb7m7dnp0loffdiyyezygz17 branch 0 55886 6236083 6085225 2026-05-26T12:27:26Z Wikihez 7344 /* */ bi [[MediaWiki:Gadget-AjaxEdit.js|AjaxEdit]]ê re 6236083 wikitext text/x-wiki {{bnr-h|Branch}} == {{ziman|en}} == === Bilêvkirin === :{{ku-tîp|brenç}} * {{deng|en|en-us-branch.ogg|dever=DYA}} * {{deng|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Nattes à chat-branch.wav|Deng|dever=}} * {{deng|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Grendelkhan-branch.wav|Deng|dever=Connecticut, DYA}} === Navdêr === {{navdêr|en}} # [[çeq]] #* {{bêmînak|en}} # [[liq]], [[beş]], [[şax]] #* {{bêmînak|en}} s7xn1hunw5eu6vm3c5v16sk9d8zxt7o tê ketin 0 57602 6236151 6125226 2026-05-27T03:27:17Z Ghybu 1393 /* {{ziman|ku}} */ 6236151 wikitext text/x-wiki {{bnr-n|têketin}} == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-kîte}} === Lêker === {{lêker|ku|c=h-ngh}} # [[çûn]] tê ve, çûn [[hindir]] # pê hatin [[xapandin]], [[bi ser de çûn]] ==== Herwiha ==== * [[tê keftin]] ==== Tewîn ==== ''Lêker'': :tê -kev- ==== Jê ==== * [[têketî]] * [[têketin]] * [[têkeftin]] ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji ''[[tê]]'' (di wê/wî de) + ''[[ketin]]''. ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|einbrechen}}, {{W+|de|betreten}}, {{W+|de|durchdringen}}, {{W+|de|eindringen}}, {{W+|de|eingehen}}, {{W+|de|einmarschieren}}, {{W+|de|einreisen}}, {{W+|de|eintreten}}, {{W-|de|hineinkommen}}, {{W+|de|geraten|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|vordringen|guman=erê}} * {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|اخترق|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|أدخل|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|تداخل|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|تدخل|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|ثقب|guman=erê}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W-|fa|پا نهادن|guman=erê}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|enter}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|intisap etmek}}, {{W+|tr|vurmak}}, {{W+|tr|dalmak|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|girmek|guman=erê}} {{werger-bin}} afg85g3y5ax3ay5nxbzrrzw24zxnyfn 6236155 6236151 2026-05-27T03:54:17Z Ghybu 1393 /* {{ziman|ku}} */ 6236155 wikitext text/x-wiki {{bnr-n|têketin}} == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-kîte}} === Lêker === {{ku-tewîn-lk|xistin|form=negerguhêz|niha=kev|borî=ket|pêşgir=tê|valahî=erê}} {{lêker|ku|c=h-ngh}} # [[çûn]] tê ve, çûn [[hindir]] # pê hatin [[xapandin]], [[bi ser de çûn]] ==== Herwiha ==== {{kol3|ku | tê keftin | tê kevtin | têkeftin | têkevtin }} ==== Jê ==== {{kol3|ku | têketî | têketin | têkeftin | têkev | têkeve }} ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji ''[[tê]]'' (di wê/wî de) + ''[[ketin]]''. ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|einbrechen}}, {{W+|de|betreten}}, {{W+|de|durchdringen}}, {{W+|de|eindringen}}, {{W+|de|eingehen}}, {{W+|de|einmarschieren}}, {{W+|de|einreisen}}, {{W+|de|eintreten}}, {{W-|de|hineinkommen}}, {{W+|de|geraten|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|vordringen|guman=erê}} * {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|اخترق|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|أدخل|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|تداخل|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|تدخل|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|ثقب|guman=erê}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W-|fa|پا نهادن|guman=erê}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|enter}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|girmek}}, {{W+|tr|sokulmak}}, {{W+|tr|intisap etmek}}, {{W+|tr|vurmak}}, {{W+|tr|dalmak|guman=erê}} {{werger-bin}} 14kudt1emivdz175q4e83hv4xjbziio 6236157 6236155 2026-05-27T03:59:01Z Ghybu 1393 /* Lêker */ 6236157 wikitext text/x-wiki {{bnr-n|têketin}} == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-kîte}} === Lêker === {{ku-tewîn-lk|tê ketin|form=negerguhêz|niha=kev|borî=ket|pêşgir=tê|valahî=erê}} {{lêker|ku|c=h-ngh}} # [[çûn]] tê ve, çûn [[hindir]] # pê hatin [[xapandin]], [[bi ser de çûn]] ==== Herwiha ==== {{kol3|ku | tê keftin | tê kevtin | têkeftin | têkevtin }} ==== Jê ==== {{kol3|ku | têketî | têketin | têkeftin | têkev | têkeve }} ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji ''[[tê]]'' (di wê/wî de) + ''[[ketin]]''. ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|einbrechen}}, {{W+|de|betreten}}, {{W+|de|durchdringen}}, {{W+|de|eindringen}}, {{W+|de|eingehen}}, {{W+|de|einmarschieren}}, {{W+|de|einreisen}}, {{W+|de|eintreten}}, {{W-|de|hineinkommen}}, {{W+|de|geraten|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|vordringen|guman=erê}} * {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|اخترق|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|أدخل|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|تداخل|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|تدخل|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|ثقب|guman=erê}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W-|fa|پا نهادن|guman=erê}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|enter}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|girmek}}, {{W+|tr|sokulmak}}, {{W+|tr|intisap etmek}}, {{W+|tr|vurmak}}, {{W+|tr|dalmak|guman=erê}} {{werger-bin}} b7q0qmv5pn44yokvvr6kx71s2eu3li8 Şablon:ku-raboriya-dûdar 10 178212 6236161 6234485 2026-05-27T04:20:19Z Ghybu 1393 id 6236161 wikitext text/x-wiki ''Kesê [[{{{2}}}]] {{{3}}} [[raboriya dûdar]]&nbsp;{{#if:{{{4|}}}|ya&nbsp;{{{4|}}}&nbsp;}}ji lêker'' '''[[{{{1}}}]]'''{{#ifexist:Tewandin:{{{1}}}|&nbsp;''([[Tewandin:{{{1}}}#indPerfect|tewandin]])''|}}.<includeonly>[[Kategorî:Raboriya dûdar&nbsp;{{#if:{{{4|}}}|ya&nbsp;{{{4|}}}&nbsp;}}bi {{navê zimanî|ku}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> {{belgekirin|naverok={{ku-dema-niha/belge}}}} </noinclude> nv1xxgqh3h4kd4ccdj5zpxdx6vhkb3x dirûnker 0 182805 6236102 5698512 2026-05-26T22:43:29Z Ghybu 1393 /* Navdêr */ 6236102 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Navdêr === {{navdêr|ku|z=mn}} # {{guharto|ku|dirûvan}} h3jq043ycgb9x2yqa6d7cy5dibqd88y dirûnvan 0 182806 6236103 5698514 2026-05-26T22:43:54Z Ghybu 1393 /* Navdêr */ 6236103 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Navdêr === {{navdêr|ku|z=mn}} # {{guharto|ku|dirûvan}} h3jq043ycgb9x2yqa6d7cy5dibqd88y Şablon:ku-fermanî 10 198826 6236174 6234483 2026-05-27T05:37:40Z Ghybu 1393 6236174 wikitext text/x-wiki ''Kesê [[{{{2}}}]] {{{3}}} [[fermanî|dema fermanî]]&nbsp;{{#if:{{{4|}}}|ya&nbsp;{{{4|}}}&nbsp;}}ji lêkera'' '''[[{{{1}}}]]'''{{#ifexist:Tewandin:{{{1}}}|&nbsp;''([[Tewandin:{{{1}}}#imp|tewandin]])''|}}.<includeonly>{{kategorî|Dema fermanî&nbsp;{{#if:{{{4|}}}|ya&nbsp;{{{4|}}}&nbsp;}}bi {{navê zimanî|ku}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{belgekirin|naverok={{ku-dema-niha/belge}}}} </noinclude> 5mpuc06ufy3g5zrcgzlr66fb9xhf69j نیان 0 352576 6236111 5657917 2026-05-27T01:05:45Z Ghybu 1393 /* Lêker */ 6236111 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Lêker === {{lêker|ku|c=x-gh|tr=-|sc=Arab}} # {{ku-Latn|niyan}} f3bdx9qm349gfhp99kf1gc0kh17we93 têxistin 0 352856 6236145 6128719 2026-05-27T03:17:06Z Ghybu 1393 6236145 wikitext text/x-wiki {{bnr-h|tê xistin}} == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-IPA}} * {{ku-kîte}} === Navdêr === {{navdêr|ku|z=m|lk=tê xistin}} # {{mane?|ku}} #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{heve|ku|tê|xistin}}. ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} {{werger-bin}} qk10m1zjp1qdfipnz0233sapomrdy66 6236152 6236145 2026-05-27T03:36:27Z Ghybu 1393 /* Werger */ 6236152 wikitext text/x-wiki {{bnr-h|tê xistin}} == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-IPA}} * {{ku-kîte}} === Navdêr === {{navdêr|ku|z=m|lk=tê xistin}} # {{mane?|ku}} #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{heve|ku|tê|xistin}}. ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|koyma}} {{werger-bin}} 76hm2eqz7m3bolvsi0mt25i59dlobpm tê xistin 0 354004 6236142 5832102 2026-05-27T03:14:45Z Ghybu 1393 /* {{ziman|ku}} */ 6236142 wikitext text/x-wiki {{bnr-n|têxistin}} == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-IPA}} * {{ku-kîte}} === Lêker === {{lêker|ku|c=h-ngh}} # {{bêmane|ku}} #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{heve|ku|tê|xistin}}. ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|aufsitzen}}, {{W+|de|einführen}}, {{W+|de|anlegen}}, {{W+|de|besteigen}}, {{W+|de|einlegen}}, {{W+|de|einspeisen}}, {{W+|de|stellen}}, {{W+|de|einspannen}}, {{W+|de|einwerfen}}, {{W-|de|hineinspritzen}}, {{W+|de|hineintun}}, {{W+|de|hinzufügen}}, {{W+|de|montieren}}, {{W+|de|stecken}} * {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|أدخل|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|أسلك|guman=erê}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W-|fa|فرو کردن}}, {{W+|fa|گذاردن}}, {{W-|fa|گذاشتن در}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|koymak}}, {{W+|tr|bırakmak|guman=erê}} {{werger-bin}} s1eo364yiy1uc1s3foowjogof4rxqn8 6236143 6236142 2026-05-27T03:15:33Z Ghybu 1393 /* Lêker */ 6236143 wikitext text/x-wiki {{bnr-n|têxistin}} == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-IPA}} * {{ku-kîte}} === Lêker === {{lêker|ku|c=h-ngh}} # {{bêmane|ku}} #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{heve|ku|tê|xistin}}. ==== Jê ==== * {{g|ku|têxistin}} * {{g|ku|têxistî}} ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|aufsitzen}}, {{W+|de|einführen}}, {{W+|de|anlegen}}, {{W+|de|besteigen}}, {{W+|de|einlegen}}, {{W+|de|einspeisen}}, {{W+|de|stellen}}, {{W+|de|einspannen}}, {{W+|de|einwerfen}}, {{W-|de|hineinspritzen}}, {{W+|de|hineintun}}, {{W+|de|hinzufügen}}, {{W+|de|montieren}}, {{W+|de|stecken}} * {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|أدخل|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|أسلك|guman=erê}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W-|fa|فرو کردن}}, {{W+|fa|گذاردن}}, {{W-|fa|گذاشتن در}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|koymak}}, {{W+|tr|bırakmak|guman=erê}} {{werger-bin}} 3ac2psqm2bwmuunxb4n67iw90k2jysr 6236144 6236143 2026-05-27T03:15:53Z Ghybu 1393 /* Lêker */ 6236144 wikitext text/x-wiki {{bnr-n|têxistin}} == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-IPA}} * {{ku-kîte}} === Lêker === {{lêker|ku|c=h-ngh}} # {{bêmane|ku}} #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Jê ==== * {{g|ku|têxistin}} * {{g|ku|têxistî}} ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{heve|ku|tê|xistin}}. ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|aufsitzen}}, {{W+|de|einführen}}, {{W+|de|anlegen}}, {{W+|de|besteigen}}, {{W+|de|einlegen}}, {{W+|de|einspeisen}}, {{W+|de|stellen}}, {{W+|de|einspannen}}, {{W+|de|einwerfen}}, {{W-|de|hineinspritzen}}, {{W+|de|hineintun}}, {{W+|de|hinzufügen}}, {{W+|de|montieren}}, {{W+|de|stecken}} * {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|أدخل|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|أسلك|guman=erê}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W-|fa|فرو کردن}}, {{W+|fa|گذاردن}}, {{W-|fa|گذاشتن در}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|koymak}}, {{W+|tr|bırakmak|guman=erê}} {{werger-bin}} nsl7sxxn346hmzrv5bzbakxhts1yhbu 6236146 6236144 2026-05-27T03:18:23Z Ghybu 1393 /* Lêker */ 6236146 wikitext text/x-wiki {{bnr-n|têxistin}} == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-IPA}} * {{ku-kîte}} === Lêker === {{ku-tewîn-lk|xistin|form=gerguhêz|niha=x|borî=xist|pêşgir=tê|valahî=erê}} {{lêker|ku|c=h-ngh|nd=têxistin}} # {{bêmane|ku}} #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Jê ==== * {{g|ku|têxistin}} * {{g|ku|têxistî}} ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{heve|ku|tê|xistin}}. ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|aufsitzen}}, {{W+|de|einführen}}, {{W+|de|anlegen}}, {{W+|de|besteigen}}, {{W+|de|einlegen}}, {{W+|de|einspeisen}}, {{W+|de|stellen}}, {{W+|de|einspannen}}, {{W+|de|einwerfen}}, {{W-|de|hineinspritzen}}, {{W+|de|hineintun}}, {{W+|de|hinzufügen}}, {{W+|de|montieren}}, {{W+|de|stecken}} * {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|أدخل|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|أسلك|guman=erê}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W-|fa|فرو کردن}}, {{W+|fa|گذاردن}}, {{W-|fa|گذاشتن در}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|koymak}}, {{W+|tr|bırakmak|guman=erê}} {{werger-bin}} 57dof2fsmsje0yrnjti4o5qo2x79qex 6236147 6236146 2026-05-27T03:18:41Z Ghybu 1393 6236147 wikitext text/x-wiki {{bnr-h|têxistin}} == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-IPA}} * {{ku-kîte}} === Lêker === {{ku-tewîn-lk|xistin|form=gerguhêz|niha=x|borî=xist|pêşgir=tê|valahî=erê}} {{lêker|ku|c=h-ngh|nd=têxistin}} # {{bêmane|ku}} #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Jê ==== * {{g|ku|têxistin}} * {{g|ku|têxistî}} ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{heve|ku|tê|xistin}}. ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|aufsitzen}}, {{W+|de|einführen}}, {{W+|de|anlegen}}, {{W+|de|besteigen}}, {{W+|de|einlegen}}, {{W+|de|einspeisen}}, {{W+|de|stellen}}, {{W+|de|einspannen}}, {{W+|de|einwerfen}}, {{W-|de|hineinspritzen}}, {{W+|de|hineintun}}, {{W+|de|hinzufügen}}, {{W+|de|montieren}}, {{W+|de|stecken}} * {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|أدخل|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|أسلك|guman=erê}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W-|fa|فرو کردن}}, {{W+|fa|گذاردن}}, {{W-|fa|گذاشتن در}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|koymak}}, {{W+|tr|bırakmak|guman=erê}} {{werger-bin}} c8jf6lr9y2aemrcmiimbac8q57sage3 6236154 6236147 2026-05-27T03:47:30Z Ghybu 1393 /* Lêker */ 6236154 wikitext text/x-wiki {{bnr-h|têxistin}} == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-IPA}} * {{ku-kîte}} === Lêker === {{ku-tewîn-lk|xistin|form=negerguhêz|niha=x|borî=xist|pêşgir=tê|valahî=erê}} {{lêker|ku|c=h-ngh|nd=têxistin}} # {{bêmane|ku}} #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Jê ==== * {{g|ku|têxistin}} * {{g|ku|têxistî}} ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{heve|ku|tê|xistin}}. ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|aufsitzen}}, {{W+|de|einführen}}, {{W+|de|anlegen}}, {{W+|de|besteigen}}, {{W+|de|einlegen}}, {{W+|de|einspeisen}}, {{W+|de|stellen}}, {{W+|de|einspannen}}, {{W+|de|einwerfen}}, {{W-|de|hineinspritzen}}, {{W+|de|hineintun}}, {{W+|de|hinzufügen}}, {{W+|de|montieren}}, {{W+|de|stecken}} * {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|أدخل|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|أسلك|guman=erê}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W-|fa|فرو کردن}}, {{W+|fa|گذاردن}}, {{W-|fa|گذاشتن در}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|koymak}}, {{W+|tr|bırakmak|guman=erê}} {{werger-bin}} 7ocwpjw96cwfgloothirh1bjtbveipn 6236156 6236154 2026-05-27T03:58:41Z Ghybu 1393 /* Lêker */ 6236156 wikitext text/x-wiki {{bnr-h|têxistin}} == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-IPA}} * {{ku-kîte}} === Lêker === {{ku-tewîn-lk|tê xistin|form=negerguhêz|niha=x|borî=xist|pêşgir=tê|valahî=erê}} {{lêker|ku|c=h-ngh|nd=têxistin}} # {{bêmane|ku}} #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Jê ==== * {{g|ku|têxistin}} * {{g|ku|têxistî}} ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{heve|ku|tê|xistin}}. ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|aufsitzen}}, {{W+|de|einführen}}, {{W+|de|anlegen}}, {{W+|de|besteigen}}, {{W+|de|einlegen}}, {{W+|de|einspeisen}}, {{W+|de|stellen}}, {{W+|de|einspannen}}, {{W+|de|einwerfen}}, {{W-|de|hineinspritzen}}, {{W+|de|hineintun}}, {{W+|de|hinzufügen}}, {{W+|de|montieren}}, {{W+|de|stecken}} * {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|أدخل|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|أسلك|guman=erê}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W-|fa|فرو کردن}}, {{W+|fa|گذاردن}}, {{W-|fa|گذاشتن در}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|koymak}}, {{W+|tr|bırakmak|guman=erê}} {{werger-bin}} q04x0fezbpbcoufx2sp9zgaumc2a35d têxistî 0 354547 6236141 5770226 2026-05-27T03:14:29Z Ghybu 1393 /* {{ziman|ku}} */ 6236141 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Rengdêr === {{rengdêr|ku}} # {{bêmane|ku}} #* {{bêmînak|ku}} ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{heve|ku|tê|xistî}}. Bnr. {{q|ku|tê xistin}}. ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|einliegend}}, {{W+|de|hineingesteckt}}, {{W+|de|eingelassen|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|eingegossen|guman=erê}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|enclosure|guman=erê}}, {{W-|en|incured|guman=erê}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|münderiç}}, {{W+|tr|fihrist}}, {{W+|tr|indeks}}, {{W+|tr|dizin|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|mündericat|guman=erê}} {{werger-bin}} 5vm6qi4crjfk8264wcnq8q3qythgl46 drûkar 0 359015 6236104 5692236 2026-05-26T22:45:38Z Ghybu 1393 /* Navdêr */ 6236104 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Navdêr === {{navdêr|ku|z=mn}} # {{guharto|ku|dirûvan}} h3jq043ycgb9x2yqa6d7cy5dibqd88y drûvan 0 359016 6236105 5692237 2026-05-26T22:45:58Z Ghybu 1393 /* Navdêr */ 6236105 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Navdêr === {{navdêr|ku|z=mn}} # {{guharto|ku|dirûvan}} h3jq043ycgb9x2yqa6d7cy5dibqd88y دوخت 0 364926 6236114 5868845 2026-05-27T01:47:02Z Ghybu 1393 /* Mane */ 6236114 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|fa}} == === Navdêr === {{navdêr|fa|tr=}} # [[dirwar]], [[kêl]], [[tik]] k1u46ai52c5raw39209hcluypc06csi bawerdar 0 375363 6236184 6166140 2026-05-27T06:27:44Z Heviyane 10624 Werger: +zazakî : [[bawerkerdoğ]]; +zazakî : [[bawermend]] (bi alîkarî) 6236184 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-kîte}} === Rengdêr === {{ku-tewîn-rd|bawerdar}} {{rengdêr|ku}} # [[bawermend]], [[dilbawer]], [[xudanbawer]], [[îmandar]], [[mûmin]] ==== Bi alfabeyên din ==== * {{ku-ar|باوەردار}} ==== Dijmane ==== * [[bêbawer]] ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{qertaf|ku|bawer|-dar}}. ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|ar}}: {{W+|ar|المؤمن}} * {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|trustful}}, {{W+|en|believer}}, {{W+|en|surefire|guman=erê}} * {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|inançlı}} * {{Z|zza}}: {{W|zza|bawerkerdoğ}}, {{W|zza|bawermend}} {{werger-bin}} etkfr3vfduqtqsol73drusenti8jo4w vêkxistin 0 442057 6236134 5663773 2026-05-27T02:49:49Z Ghybu 1393 /* Navdêr */ 6236134 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Navdêr === {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # {{guharto|ku|pêkxistin}} b50a1sby8lazgydi20w6met57rph9ev 6236135 6236134 2026-05-27T02:50:52Z Ghybu 1393 /* {{ziman|ku}} */ 6236135 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Navdêr 1 === {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # {{guharto|ku|pêkxistin}} === Navdêr 2 === {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # {{guharto|ku|rêkxistin}} 83s4z6f6qhyhyuapyfvff9zec58mfza Modul:ku-tewandin 828 628614 6236085 6236075 2026-05-26T16:13:44Z Ghybu 1393 6236085 Scribunto text/plain -- Modula tewandina lêkerên kurmancî local export = {} -- Load irregular forms table -- local irreg = require('Module:ku-tewandin/dijrêzik') local langKu = require("Modul:languages").getByCode("ku") local link = require('Module:links').language_link local shallowCopy = require("Module:table/shallowCopy") local deepCopy = require("Module:table/deepCopy") -- ============================================================================= -- Pronouns in Kurmanji -- ============================================================================= export.order = {"s1", "s2", "s3", "p1", "p2", "p3"} export.pronouns = { s1 = "ez", p1 = "em", s2 = "tu", p2 = "hûn", s3 = "ew", p3 = "ew" } export.obliquePronouns = { s1 = "min", p1 = "me", s2 = "te", p2 = "we", s3 = "wê/wî", p3 = "wan" } export.agents = { s1 = "te, wî/wê, we, wan", p1 = "te, wî/wê, we, wan", s2 = "min, wî/wê, me, wan", p2 = "min, wî/wê, me, wan", s3 = "min, te, wî/wê, me, we, wan", p3 = "min, te, wî/wê, me, we, wan" } -- Oblique pronoun (green) export.obliquePronounsGreen = { s1 = '<span style="color:green">min</span>', s2 = '<span style="color:green">te</span>', s3 = '<span style="color:green">wê/wî</span>', p1 = '<span style="color:green">me</span>', p2 = '<span style="color:green">we</span>', p3 = '<span style="color:green">wan</span>' } -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -- 1) This function returns correct subject/agent pronoun, ergativity rule: -- - Transitive verbs in past tenses → oblique pronoun (green) = agent -- - All other cases → direct pronoun (no color) = subject -- 2) Also add the subjunctive prefix "(bila)" -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── function export.conjPronouns(stemType, mode, isTransitive) local pronouns = shallowCopy(export.pronouns) -- Ergativity in kurdish: transitive verbs that are conjugated with the past tense stem are -- conjugated according to the object, not the subject. -- Therefore, to have an ergative construction, -- the verb must be transitive and its stem must be the stem of the past tense. local isErgative = isTransitive and (stemType == 'past') -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: "min", "te", ... -- If it's not ergative, we use normal pronouns: "ez", "tu", ... if isErgative then pronouns = shallowCopy(export.obliquePronounsGreen) end -- For the subjunctive mood, we add "(bila)" at the beginning. if mode == 'subjunctive' then subjPrefix = '<span style="color:gray">(bila)</span>' for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do pronouns[pers] = subjPrefix .. ' ' .. pronouns[pers] end end return pronouns end -- ============================================================================= -- VERBAL STRUCTURE IN THE INFINITIVE: -- Verbs in the infinitive appear in three main forms: -- 1) Simple verb (indivisible light verb): -- - ex.: "kirin", "çûn", "xwarin", ... -- 2) Verbs with preverbs (preverb + simple verb): -- - ex.: "rakirin" (ra- + kirin), "çêkirin" (çê- + kirin), "vexwarin" (ve- + xwarin), ... -- - Preverb verbs don't use the prefix "bi-" (ez ê rakim , ew ê rake , ...) -- 3) Compound verbs, construction with non-verbal element (the noun is not attached to the verb): -- - Left of the simple verb: "hez kirin" ("hez" + "kirin"), "li dar xistin" ("li dar" + "xistin"), ... -- - Right of the simple verb: "kirin der" ("kirin" + "der"), "girtin ser xwe" ("girtin" + "ser xwe"), ... -- - Compound verbs use the prefix "bi-" (ez ê hez bi-kim , ew ê hez bi-ke ) -- STRUCTURE: preSimpleVerb + spacing + simpleVerb + postSimpleVerb -- EX. kirin: preSimpleVerb=''; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='' -- rakirin: preSimpleVerb='ra'; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='' -- hez kirin: preSimpleVerb='hez'; spacing=true; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='' -- pev çûn: preSimpleVerb='pev'; spacing=true; simpleVerb='çûn'; postSimpleVerb='' -- kirin der: preSimpleVerb=''; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='der' -- WARNING: Conjugation can vary depending on the type of verb. -- For example, in the future tense,the prefix "bi" is used for compound verbs, -- but not for preverbal verbs, see the function that manages it "tenseClassification" table. -- This table does not yet support the mixed case: a verb composed of a noun and a preverb verb. -- ============================================================================= function export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb) local struct if (preSimpleVerb and preSimpleVerb ~= '' and not isCompoundVerb) then struct = 'preverbVerb' elseif isCompoundVerb then struct = 'compoundVerb' else struct = 'simpleVerb' end return struct end -- ================================================================ -- INFLECTIONAL ENDINGS -- Assigns verb inflectional endings (suffixes) to all tenses -- ================================================================ local getEndings = {} do -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -- Ending using present stem -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── getEndings['present'] = function(self, stem) local ends if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'} else ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='e', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'} end return ends end -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -- Ind. preterite + ind. imperfect ending -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── getEndings['past'] = function(self, stem) local ends if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiouû]$') then ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'} elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then -- if self.name == 'indImperfect' then -- -- special indicative ind. imperfect rule -- ends = {s1='yam', s2='yayî', s3='ya', p1='yan', p2='yan', p3='yan'} -- end ends = {s1='m', s2='', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'} else ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'} end return ends end -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -- Compound endings with auxiliary "bûn" -- Inflectional endings are created by taking the different forms of the -- verb "bûn" (with present stem "-b-" and past stem "-bû-") and -- adding an "i-" prefix before them: "i-b-im", "i-bû-m", "i-bû-me", "i-bû-ma". -- This "i-" varies according to the final letter of the verb stem. -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── local function normalize_i(stem) local prfx_i = "i" if mw.ustring.match(stem, "ya$") or mw.ustring.match(stem, "[îû]$") then -- cf. karîn (-karî-) prfx_i = "" elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiou]$') then prfx_i = "yi" end return prfx_i end getEndings['ibim'] = function(self, stem) local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem) return { s1 = prfx_i .. "bim", p1 = prfx_i .. "bin", s2 = prfx_i .. "bî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bin", s3 = prfx_i .. "be", p3 = prfx_i .. "bin" } end getEndings['ibûm'] = function(self, stem) local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem) return { s1 = prfx_i .. "bûm", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûn", s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûn", s3 = prfx_i .. "bû", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûn" } end getEndings['ibûme'] = function(self, stem) local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem) return { s1 = prfx_i .. "bûme", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûne", s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyiye", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûne", s3 = prfx_i .. "bûye", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûne" } end getEndings['ibûma'] = function(self, stem) local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem) return { s1 = prfx_i .. "bûma", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûna", s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyayî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûna", s3 = prfx_i .. "bûya", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûna" } end -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -- Ind. perfect ending. -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── getEndings['ime'] = function(self, stem) local ends if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then ends = {s1="me", s2="yî", s3="ye", p1="ne", p2="ne", p3="ne"} else ends = {s1="ime", s2="iyî", s3="iye", p1="ine", p2="ine", p3="ine"} end return ends end -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -- Subj. Imperfect ending. -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── getEndings['ama'] = function(self, stem) local ends -- The doublet in "-iyan" of verbs in -"în" (gerîn/-geriya-, kenîn/-keniya-, ...), -- in the conditional and subjunctive moods, a doublet "yaya" appears; it's removed. -- -yayayî → -yayî; -yaya → -ya if mw.ustring.match(stem, '(ya)$') then ends = {s1="ma", s2="yî", s3="", p1="na", p2="na", p3="na"} elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then ends = {s1="ma", s2="yayî", s3="ya", p1="na", p2="na", p3="na"} else ends = {s1="ama", s2="ayî", s3="a", p1="ana", p2="ana", p3="ana"} end return ends end end -- ============================================================================= -- RULES FOR PREVERBS: "bi-" and "di-" -- There are two preverbs: "bi-" and "di-". These preverbs can change form -- depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem. -- ============================================================================= local getPreverb = {} do getPreverb['bi'] = function (opts) local opts = opts or {} local stem = opts.stem local verbStruct = opts.verbStruct local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi -- Preverb verbs don't use the preverb "bi-": ra-kirin (ez ê rakim), ve-xwarin (ez ê vexwim) , ... -- But compound verb and simple verbs use it: hez kirin (ez ê hez bi-kim), lê bigirin (ez ê lê bi-girim), ... if (verbStruct == 'preverbVerb') then return '' end if overrideBi then return overrideBi end -- if irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] end -- Modification of the preverbe "bi-" according to the last letter of the stem. if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[aeêiîouû]') then return 'b' end return 'bi' end getPreverb['di'] = function (opts) local opts = opts or {} local stem = opts.stem local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi if overrideDi then return overrideDi end -- if irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] end -- Modification of the preverbe "di-" according to the last letter of the stem. if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[ai]') then return 'd' end -- Ex. hatin : stem = -ê- // ez têm if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[êî]') then return 't' end return 'di' end end -- ============================================================================= -- RULES FOR NEGATION PREFIXES: "na-" and "ne-" -- There are two negation prefixes: "na-" and "ne-". These preverbs can change -- form depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem. -- ============================================================================= local getNegPrefix = {} do getNegPrefix['na'] = function (opts) local opts = opts or {} local stem = opts.stem local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa if overrideNa then return '<b>' .. overrideNa .. '</b>' end -- if irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] end -- Add sufix "-y" before certain vowels. if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then return '<b>nay</b>' end -- Elision before stems beginning with "a-" (removal of the final "-e"). if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then return '<b>n</b>' end -- Tîpa duyem "-a-" ye (k-a-rîn, z-a-nîn, ...) if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^%wa') then return '<b>ni</b>' end return '<b>na</b>' end getNegPrefix['ne'] = function (opts) local opts = opts or {} local stem = opts.stem local tenseName = opts.tenseName local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe if overrideNe then return '<b>' .. overrideNe .. '</b>' end -- if irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] end local negPrefix = 'ne' -- There are two forms of construction of the imperative, -- one with the prefix "me-" and the other with the prefix "ne-". if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then negPrefix = (impNegForm == 2) and 'ne' or 'me' end -- Add sufix "-y" before certain vowels. if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. 'y</b>' end -- Elision before stems beginning with "a-" (removal of the final "-e"). if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then negPreFix = mw.ustring.sub(negPrefix, 1, -2) return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. '</b>' end return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. '</b>' end end -- ============================================================================= -- Standardization of the PREVERBAL PARTICLE -- The proverbial particle "ê" is placed after the personal pronoun. -- ============================================================================= -- If there are no verbal preparticles, return empty table. local function getPreverbParticules(preverbParticle, typeStem, isTransitive) if not preverbParticle then return {s1='', s2='', s3='', p1='', p2='', p3=''} end if preverbParticle == 'ê' then local isErgative = isTransitive and (typeStem == 'past') -- When the personal pronoun ends in a vowel, a "y-" is added before "ê". -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: "min", "te", ... if isErgative then return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='yê/dê', p1='yê/dê', p2='yê/dê', p3='ê/dê'} else return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='ê/dê', p1='ê/dê', p2='ê/dê', p3='ê/dê'} end end -- If the verbal preparticle is identical for all pronouns, -- we create a table with the same value. local preverbParticles = {} for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do preverbParticles[pers] = preverbParticle end return preverbParticles end -- ============================================================================= -- RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING EACH VERB TENSE -- This table lists, for each verb tense, what elements are required to form it: -- - Verb conjugation is built by placing either the preverb "bi-" or "di-" before -- the verb stem (past or present), followed by a personal ending. -- - For the negative form, one of the prefixes "na-" or "ne-" is added as well. -- - In some cases, a preverbal particle such as /ê/ or /dê/ is added before -- the conjugated verb as well. -- Not: - The "negPreverb" (preverb (bi-/di-) for negative tenses) parameter has a -- value different from "nil" only for the Imperfect tense ("negPreverb=di"). -- - The parameter "negPrefix=na" is used only for the present indicative. -- -- Preverb "di", used in: "indPresent"(present stem), "indImperfect"(past stem) -- - Bo neyînî: pêşgira "di-" tenê di nav dema "IndImperfect" de tê bikaranîn. -- Preverb "bi", used in: "indFuture"(present stem), "subPresent"(present stem), -- "subImperfect"(past stem) = "condPresent"(past stem) -- - The prefix "bi-" isn't used in negative forms. -- -- Present stem, used in: "indPresent"(di)(na), -- "indFuture"(bi)(ne) = "subPresent"(bi)(ne) -- -- Past stem, used in: "indPreterite"(-)(ne), "indImperfect"(di)(ne), "indPluperfect"(-)(ne), -- "indPerfect"(-)(ne), "indNCPluperfect"(-)(ne), "indFuturePerfect"(-)(ne), -- "subPreterite"(-)(ne), -- "subImperfect"(bi)(ne) = "condPresent"(bi)(ne), -- "subPluperfect"(-)(ne) = "condPreterite"(-)(ne) -- ============================================================================= -- Some conjugations are identical except that they differ only in the preverbal particle (/ê/, /dê/). -- So, to avoid repeating the same information (and thus risking errors), -- we establish the common part shared between these verbs. local commonRules = { indFuture = { stem = "present", preverb = getPreverb['bi'], negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['present'] }, indFuturePerfect = { stem = "past", preverb = nil, negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['ibim'] }, subImperfect = { stem = "past", preverb = getPreverb['bi'], negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['ama'] }, subPluperfect = { stem = "past", preverb = nil, negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['ibûma'] } } local mt = { __index = function(t, k) local common = t._common if common then return common[k] end end } -- TENSE AND MOOD CLASSIFICATION TABLE export.tenseClassification = { -- IMPERATIVE MOOD impPresent = setmetatable({ name = "impPresent", nameKu = "raweya fermanî", nameEn = "present imperative", mode = "imperative", _common = commonRules.indFuture, preverbParticle = nil }, mt), -- INDICATIVE MOOD indPresent = { name = "indPresent", nameKu = "dema niha", nameEn = "present", mode = "indicative", stem = "present", preverb = getPreverb['di'], negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['na'], endings = getEndings['present'], preverbParticle = nil }, indPreterite = { name = "indPreterite", nameKu = "raboriya sade", nameEn = "simple past", mode = "indicative", stem = "past", preverb = nil, negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['past'], preverbParticle = nil }, indImperfect = { name = "indImperfect", nameKu = "raboriya berdest", nameEn = "Imperfect", mode = "indicative", stem = "past", preverb = getPreverb['di'], negPreverb = getPreverb['di'], negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['past'], preverbParticle = nil }, indPluperfect = { name = "indPluperfect", nameKu = "raboriya dûr", nameEn = "pluperfect", mode = "indicative", stem = "past", preverb = nil, negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['ibûm'], preverbParticle = nil }, indFuture = setmetatable({ name = "indFuture", nameKu = "dema bê", nameEn = "future", mode = "indicative", _common = commonRules.indFuture, preverbParticle = 'ê' }, mt), indFuturePerfect = setmetatable({ name = "indFuturePerfect", nameKu = "dahatiya pêş", nameEn = "future perfect", mode = "indicative", _common = commonRules.indFuturePerfect, preverbParticle = 'ê' }, mt), -- In some books, the "perfect" and "nonconfirmative pluperfect" tenses -- are classified in the "inferential mood" ("moda neşahidî"). -- Currently we classify them using the indicative mood (at the end). indPerfect = { name = "indPerfect", nameKu = "raboriya dûdar", nameEn = "perfect", mode = "indicative", stem = "past", preverb = nil, negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['ime'], preverbParticle = nil }, indNCPluperfect = { name = "indNCPluperfect", nameKu = "çîrokiya boriya dûdar", nameEn = "nonconfirmative pluperfect", mode = "indicative", stem = "past", preverb = nil, negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['ibûme'], preverbParticle = nil }, -- SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD subPresent = setmetatable({ name = "subPresent", nameKu = "dema nihaya xwestekî", nameEn = "present subjunctive", mode = "subjunctive", _common = commonRules.indFuture, preverbParticle = nil }, mt), subPreterite = setmetatable({ name = "subPreterite", nameKu = "dema boriya xwestekî", nameEn = "preterite subjunctive", mode = "subjunctive", _common = commonRules.indFuturePerfect, preverbParticle = nil, }, mt), subImperfect = setmetatable({ name = "subImperfect", nameKu = "raboriya bilaniyê", nameEn = "imperfect subjunctive", mode = "subjunctive", _common = commonRules.subImperfect, preverbParticle = nil, }, mt), subPluperfect = setmetatable({ name = "subPluperfect", nameKu = "raboriya dûr a bilaniyê", nameEn = "pluperfect subjunctive", mode = "subjunctive", _common = commonRules.subPluperfect, preverbParticle = nil }, mt), -- CONDITIONAL MOOD condPresent = setmetatable({ name = "condPresent", nameKu = "çîrokiya dema nihaya mercî", nameEn = "present conditional", mode = "conditional", _common = commonRules.subImperfect, preverbParticle = 'ê' }, mt), condPreterite = setmetatable({ name = "condPreterite", nameKu = "dema boriya mercî", nameEn = "preterite conditional", mode = "conditional", _common = commonRules.subPluperfect, preverbParticle = 'ê' }, mt), } -- ============================================================================= -- MAIN CONJUGATION FUNCTOIN -- This function returns an array containing the conjugation table for a given -- tense as well as other information about the conjugated verb. -- ============================================================================= function export.conjugate(opts) opts = opts or {} -- Required parameters local tense = opts.tense or error("'tense' required", 2) --One of the two parameters is required: -- - If the tense uses the present stem, indicate "presentStem". -- - If it uses the past stem, indicate "pastStem". local presentStem = opts.presentStem local pastStem = opts.pastStem -- Optional parameters local isTransitive = opts.isTransitive or false -- Indicate if the verb is transitive (true/false) local isNegative = opts.isNegative or false -- Indicate if it's the negative form (true/false) local isCompoundVerb = opts.isCompoundVerb or false -- Indicate if it's a compound verb (true/false) local preSimpleVerb = opts.preSimpleVerb or '' -- The part before the simple verb local postSimpleVerb = opts.postSimpleVerb or '' -- The part after the simple verb -- These parameters are provided when the verb is irregular. -- Allows you to manually modify preverbs ("bi-"" or "di-") -- and negation prefixes ("na-" or "ne-") local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi or nil local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi or nil local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa or nil local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe or nil -- By default, the negation of the imperative is constructed from the prefix "me-"". -- To obtain the second variant, the prefix with "ne-", you must specify "impNegForm=2". local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm or nil -- Access to the classification table and retrieval of verb tense parameters local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') or false -- We check that this tense is indeed in table "tenseClassification". if (not infoTense) then return '<span style="color:red">Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'</span>' end -- We check that one of the two parameters of the stem is given if (infoTense.stem == 'present' and not presentStem) then return '<span style="color:red">presentStem parameter required</span>' elseif (infoTense.stem == 'past' and not pastStem) then return '<span style="color:red">pasttStem parameter required</span>' end -- Choice between the present stem or past stem local stem = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStem or pastStem --──────────────────────────── -- Conjugation construction -- -- ─────────────────────────── local preverb = '' local negPrefix = '' -- Ruturns the verb type: "simpleVerb" or "preverbVerb" or "compoundVerb" local verbStruct = export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb) if isNegative then negPrefix = infoTense.negPrefix{stem=stem, tenseName=tense, impNegForm=impNegForm, overrideNa=overrideNa, overrideNe=overrideNe} if infoTense.negPreverb then preverb = infoTense.negPreverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct, overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi} end else if infoTense.preverb then preverb = infoTense.preverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct, overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi} end end infoTense.conj = {} local spacing = isCompoundVerb and ' ' or '' local endings = infoTense:endings(stem) local preverbParticles = getPreverbParticules(infoTense.preverbParticle, infoTense.stem, isTransitive) local isErgative = isTransitive and (infoTense.stem == 'past') -- Creating the conjugation table for a given tense for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do local ending = '' local conjSimbleVerb = '' local conjVerb = '' if isErgative then ending = endings.s3 else ending = endings[pers] end -- Adding space after the preverbal particle local preverbParticle = preverbParticles[pers] if preverbParticle ~= '' then preverbParticle = preverbParticle .. ' ' end conjSimbleVerb = negPrefix .. preverb .. stem .. ending -- Adding prefixe and suffixe conjVerb = preSimpleVerb .. spacing .. conjSimbleVerb .. postSimpleVerb -- Spelling correction(îy -> iy) conjVerb = mw.ustring.gsub(conjVerb, 'îy', 'iy') -- Add a link conjVerb = link{term=conjVerb, lang=langKu} -- Addition of the preverbal particle infoTense.conj[pers] = preverbParticle .. conjVerb end -- Imperative if (infoTense.name == 'impPresent') then infoTense.conj.s1 = nil infoTense.conj.s2 = infoTense.conj.s3 infoTense.conj.s3 = nil infoTense.conj.p1 = nil --infoTense.conj.p2 = infoTense.conj.p2 infoTense.conj.p3 = nil end return infoTense end -- ============================================================================= -- END -- ============================================================================= -- Some useful tools -- ============================================================================= -- Returns the list of verb tenses export.tensesList = function() local list = {} for _, tense in pairs(export.tenseClassification) do table.insert(list, tense.name) end return list end -- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs -- (for a given conjugate tense in all persons of that tense) function export.concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjVerbs) local concatTab = {} for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do concatTab[pers] = pronoms[pers] .. ' ' .. conjVerbs[pers] end return concatTab end -- ============================================================================= -- ADDITIONAL STEM OF THE PAST AND PRESENT (pastStem2, ... and presentStem2, ...) -- This function does nothing more than add additional parameters for verb stems -- in the past and present tenses. -- Conjugations for the different stems will be separated by "/" -- ============================================================================= function export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems) local opts = baseOpts or {} opts.tense = tense or nil local presentStems = presentStems or {} local pastStems = pastStems or {} local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') or false -- We check that this tense is indeed in table "tenseClassification". if not infoTense then return '<span style="color:red">Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'</span>' end local stems = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStems or pastStems -- For each verb stem, its conjugation table is calculated and stored in conjTabs. local conjTabs = {} for i = 1, #stems do if stems[i] then if (infoTense.stem == 'past') then opts.pastStem = stems[i] end if (infoTense.stem == 'present') then opts.presentStem = stems[i] end local conj = export.conjugate(opts).conj table.insert(conjTabs, conj) end end -- We concatenate each row of the conjugation tables. local concatConjTabs = {} for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do local frag = {} for i = 1, #conjTabs do local val = conjTabs[i][pers] if val then table.insert(frag, tostring(val)) end end concatConjTabs[pers] = table.concat(frag, " / ") end infoTense.conj = concatConjTabs return infoTense end -- ==================================================================================== -- VERB CONUGATION IN ALL TENSES WITH PRONOUMS -- ==================================================================================== function export.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, negation, concatPrs) local opts = baseOpts or {} if negation == 'negative' then opts.isNegative = true end -- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs local concatPronomsVerbs = export.concatPronomsVerbs -- Tenses list local tensesList = export.tensesList() -- Conjugation in all tenses local conjTab = {} for _, tense in ipairs(tensesList) do local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') -- We create the conjugation table without the pronouns. conjTab[tense] = deepCopy(export.conjugateLong(opts, tense, presentStems, pastStems), 'copy') -- We concatenate the pronouns and the verbs if "concatPrs" is different of "false" -- (no pronoun for the imperative mood) if (tense ~= 'impPresent' and concatPrs ~= false) then local pronoms = deepCopy(export.conjPronouns(infoTense.stem, infoTense.mode, opts.isTransitive)) conjTab[tense].conj = concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjTab[tense].conj) end end return conjTab end -- ==================================================================================== -- Allows you to obtain a given conjugation from a model. -- Ex. in the template: {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=s1}} -- See {{ku-tewîn-lk-niha}} -- ==================================================================================== function export.tew(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local baseOpts = { isNegative = frame.args['neyînî'] or false, isTransitive = args['form'], isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false, preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or nil, postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil, overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil, overrideDi = args['di'] or nil, overrideNa = args['na'] or nil, overrideNe = args['na'] or nil, impNegForm = nil } local tense = frame.args['dem'] or nil local pers = frame.args['kes'] or nil local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']} local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']} -- A few checks if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then baseOpts.isTransitive = true elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then baseOpts.isTransitive = false else return '<span style="color:red">form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz</span>' end if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true else baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false end if (baseOpts.isNegative == 'erê') then baseOpts.isNegative = true end local tabConj = export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems).conj return tabConj[pers] end -- ==================================================================================== -- GET COMMMA SEPARED FORMS -- ==================================================================================== function export.get_comma_separated_forms(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local opts = { presentStem = frame.args['niha'], pastStem = frame.args['borî'], isTransitive = false, isNegative = false, isCompoundVerb = frame['valahî'] or false, preSimpleVerb = frame['pêşgir'] or '', postSimpleVerb = frame['paşgir'] or '', overrideBi = frame['bi'] or nil, overrideDi = frame['di'] or nil, overrideNa = frame['na'] or nil, overrideNe = frame['na'] or nil, impNegForm = nil, } local function removeTags(tag) tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '%[%[(.+)%|(.+)%]%]', '%2') tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '<b>(.+)</b>', '%1') tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '<span(.*)>(.*)</span>', '%2') return tag end local function concateList(tenseList) local concatList = {} for _, pers in ipairs({"s1", "s2", "s3", "p1"}) do tense = removeTags(tenseList[pers]) -- Remove tags table.insert(concatList, tense) end return table.concat(concatList, ",") end local tenseList = {'indPresent','indPreterite','indImperfect', 'indPluperfect','indPerfect','indNCPluperfect', 'indFuture','indFuturePerfect', 'subImperfect','subPluperfect' } local concatAllTense = {} for i = 1, #tenseList do local tense = tenseList[i] if export.tenseClassification[tense] then opts.tense = tense local conj = shallowCopy(export.conjugate(opts).conj) local concatTense = concateList(conj) table.insert(concatAllTense, concatTense) end end return table.concat(concatAllTense, ",") end return export 57btkmr69o2mgkjt1bpbao9pve1yrpy 6236092 6236085 2026-05-26T20:19:33Z Ghybu 1393 indNwPluperfect 6236092 Scribunto text/plain -- Modula tewandina lêkerên kurmancî local export = {} -- Load irregular forms table -- local irreg = require('Module:ku-tewandin/dijrêzik') local langKu = require("Modul:languages").getByCode("ku") local link = require('Module:links').language_link local shallowCopy = require("Module:table/shallowCopy") local deepCopy = require("Module:table/deepCopy") -- ============================================================================= -- Pronouns in Kurmanji -- ============================================================================= export.order = {"s1", "s2", "s3", "p1", "p2", "p3"} export.pronouns = { s1 = "ez", p1 = "em", s2 = "tu", p2 = "hûn", s3 = "ew", p3 = "ew" } export.obliquePronouns = { s1 = "min", p1 = "me", s2 = "te", p2 = "we", s3 = "wê/wî", p3 = "wan" } export.agents = { s1 = "te, wî/wê, we, wan", p1 = "te, wî/wê, we, wan", s2 = "min, wî/wê, me, wan", p2 = "min, wî/wê, me, wan", s3 = "min, te, wî/wê, me, we, wan", p3 = "min, te, wî/wê, me, we, wan" } -- Oblique pronoun (green) export.obliquePronounsGreen = { s1 = '<span style="color:green">min</span>', s2 = '<span style="color:green">te</span>', s3 = '<span style="color:green">wê/wî</span>', p1 = '<span style="color:green">me</span>', p2 = '<span style="color:green">we</span>', p3 = '<span style="color:green">wan</span>' } -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -- 1) This function returns correct subject/agent pronoun, ergativity rule: -- - Transitive verbs in past tenses → oblique pronoun (green) = agent -- - All other cases → direct pronoun (no color) = subject -- 2) Also add the subjunctive prefix "(bila)" -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── function export.conjPronouns(stemType, mode, isTransitive) local pronouns = shallowCopy(export.pronouns) -- Ergativity in kurdish: transitive verbs that are conjugated with the past tense stem are -- conjugated according to the object, not the subject. -- Therefore, to have an ergative construction, -- the verb must be transitive and its stem must be the stem of the past tense. local isErgative = isTransitive and (stemType == 'past') -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: "min", "te", ... -- If it's not ergative, we use normal pronouns: "ez", "tu", ... if isErgative then pronouns = shallowCopy(export.obliquePronounsGreen) end -- For the subjunctive mood, we add "(bila)" at the beginning. if mode == 'subjunctive' then subjPrefix = '<span style="color:gray">(bila)</span>' for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do pronouns[pers] = subjPrefix .. ' ' .. pronouns[pers] end end return pronouns end -- ============================================================================= -- VERBAL STRUCTURE IN THE INFINITIVE: -- Verbs in the infinitive appear in three main forms: -- 1) Simple verb (indivisible light verb): -- - ex.: "kirin", "çûn", "xwarin", ... -- 2) Verbs with preverbs (preverb + simple verb): -- - ex.: "rakirin" (ra- + kirin), "çêkirin" (çê- + kirin), "vexwarin" (ve- + xwarin), ... -- - Preverb verbs don't use the prefix "bi-" (ez ê rakim , ew ê rake , ...) -- 3) Compound verbs, construction with non-verbal element (the noun is not attached to the verb): -- - Left of the simple verb: "hez kirin" ("hez" + "kirin"), "li dar xistin" ("li dar" + "xistin"), ... -- - Right of the simple verb: "kirin der" ("kirin" + "der"), "girtin ser xwe" ("girtin" + "ser xwe"), ... -- - Compound verbs use the prefix "bi-" (ez ê hez bi-kim , ew ê hez bi-ke ) -- STRUCTURE: preSimpleVerb + spacing + simpleVerb + postSimpleVerb -- EX. kirin: preSimpleVerb=''; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='' -- rakirin: preSimpleVerb='ra'; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='' -- hez kirin: preSimpleVerb='hez'; spacing=true; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='' -- pev çûn: preSimpleVerb='pev'; spacing=true; simpleVerb='çûn'; postSimpleVerb='' -- kirin der: preSimpleVerb=''; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='der' -- WARNING: Conjugation can vary depending on the type of verb. -- For example, in the future tense,the prefix "bi" is used for compound verbs, -- but not for preverbal verbs, see the function that manages it "tenseClassification" table. -- This table does not yet support the mixed case: a verb composed of a noun and a preverb verb. -- ============================================================================= function export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb) local struct if (preSimpleVerb and preSimpleVerb ~= '' and not isCompoundVerb) then struct = 'preverbVerb' elseif isCompoundVerb then struct = 'compoundVerb' else struct = 'simpleVerb' end return struct end -- ================================================================ -- INFLECTIONAL ENDINGS -- Assigns verb inflectional endings (suffixes) to all tenses -- ================================================================ local getEndings = {} do -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -- Ending using present stem -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── getEndings['present'] = function(self, stem) local ends if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'} else ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='e', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'} end return ends end -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -- Ind. preterite + ind. imperfect ending -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── getEndings['past'] = function(self, stem) local ends if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiouû]$') then ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'} elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then -- if self.name == 'indImperfect' then -- -- special indicative ind. imperfect rule -- ends = {s1='yam', s2='yayî', s3='ya', p1='yan', p2='yan', p3='yan'} -- end ends = {s1='m', s2='', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'} else ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'} end return ends end -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -- Compound endings with auxiliary "bûn" -- Inflectional endings are created by taking the different forms of the -- verb "bûn" (with present stem "-b-" and past stem "-bû-") and -- adding an "i-" prefix before them: "i-b-im", "i-bû-m", "i-bû-me", "i-bû-ma". -- This "i-" varies according to the final letter of the verb stem. -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── local function normalize_i(stem) local prfx_i = "i" if mw.ustring.match(stem, "ya$") or mw.ustring.match(stem, "[îû]$") then -- cf. karîn (-karî-) prfx_i = "" elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiou]$') then prfx_i = "yi" end return prfx_i end getEndings['ibim'] = function(self, stem) local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem) return { s1 = prfx_i .. "bim", p1 = prfx_i .. "bin", s2 = prfx_i .. "bî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bin", s3 = prfx_i .. "be", p3 = prfx_i .. "bin" } end getEndings['ibûm'] = function(self, stem) local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem) return { s1 = prfx_i .. "bûm", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûn", s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûn", s3 = prfx_i .. "bû", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûn" } end getEndings['ibûme'] = function(self, stem) local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem) return { s1 = prfx_i .. "bûme", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûne", s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyiye", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûne", s3 = prfx_i .. "bûye", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûne" } end getEndings['ibûma'] = function(self, stem) local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem) return { s1 = prfx_i .. "bûma", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûna", s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyayî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûna", s3 = prfx_i .. "bûya", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûna" } end -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -- Ind. perfect ending. -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── getEndings['ime'] = function(self, stem) local ends if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then ends = {s1="me", s2="yî", s3="ye", p1="ne", p2="ne", p3="ne"} else ends = {s1="ime", s2="iyî", s3="iye", p1="ine", p2="ine", p3="ine"} end return ends end -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -- Subj. Imperfect ending. -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── getEndings['ama'] = function(self, stem) local ends -- The doublet in "-iyan" of verbs in -"în" (gerîn/-geriya-, kenîn/-keniya-, ...), -- in the conditional and subjunctive moods, a doublet "yaya" appears; it's removed. -- -yayayî → -yayî; -yaya → -ya if mw.ustring.match(stem, '(ya)$') then ends = {s1="ma", s2="yî", s3="", p1="na", p2="na", p3="na"} elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then ends = {s1="ma", s2="yayî", s3="ya", p1="na", p2="na", p3="na"} else ends = {s1="ama", s2="ayî", s3="a", p1="ana", p2="ana", p3="ana"} end return ends end end -- ============================================================================= -- RULES FOR PREVERBS: "bi-" and "di-" -- There are two preverbs: "bi-" and "di-". These preverbs can change form -- depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem. -- ============================================================================= local getPreverb = {} do getPreverb['bi'] = function (opts) local opts = opts or {} local stem = opts.stem local verbStruct = opts.verbStruct local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi -- Preverb verbs don't use the preverb "bi-": ra-kirin (ez ê rakim), ve-xwarin (ez ê vexwim) , ... -- But compound verb and simple verbs use it: hez kirin (ez ê hez bi-kim), lê bigirin (ez ê lê bi-girim), ... if (verbStruct == 'preverbVerb') then return '' end if overrideBi then return overrideBi end -- if irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] end -- Modification of the preverbe "bi-" according to the last letter of the stem. if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[aeêiîouû]') then return 'b' end return 'bi' end getPreverb['di'] = function (opts) local opts = opts or {} local stem = opts.stem local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi if overrideDi then return overrideDi end -- if irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] end -- Modification of the preverbe "di-" according to the last letter of the stem. if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[ai]') then return 'd' end -- Ex. hatin : stem = -ê- // ez têm if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[êî]') then return 't' end return 'di' end end -- ============================================================================= -- RULES FOR NEGATION PREFIXES: "na-" and "ne-" -- There are two negation prefixes: "na-" and "ne-". These preverbs can change -- form depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem. -- ============================================================================= local getNegPrefix = {} do getNegPrefix['na'] = function (opts) local opts = opts or {} local stem = opts.stem local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa if overrideNa then return '<b>' .. overrideNa .. '</b>' end -- if irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] end -- Add sufix "-y" before certain vowels. if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then return '<b>nay</b>' end -- Elision before stems beginning with "a-" (removal of the final "-e"). if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then return '<b>n</b>' end -- Tîpa duyem "-a-" ye (k-a-rîn, z-a-nîn, ...) if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^%wa') then return '<b>ni</b>' end return '<b>na</b>' end getNegPrefix['ne'] = function (opts) local opts = opts or {} local stem = opts.stem local tenseName = opts.tenseName local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe if overrideNe then return '<b>' .. overrideNe .. '</b>' end -- if irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] end local negPrefix = 'ne' -- There are two forms of construction of the imperative, -- one with the prefix "me-" and the other with the prefix "ne-". if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then negPrefix = (impNegForm == 2) and 'ne' or 'me' end -- Add sufix "-y" before certain vowels. if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. 'y</b>' end -- Elision before stems beginning with "a-" (removal of the final "-e"). if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then negPreFix = mw.ustring.sub(negPrefix, 1, -2) return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. '</b>' end return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. '</b>' end end -- ============================================================================= -- Standardization of the PREVERBAL PARTICLE -- The proverbial particle "ê" is placed after the personal pronoun. -- ============================================================================= -- If there are no verbal preparticles, return empty table. local function getPreverbParticules(preverbParticle, typeStem, isTransitive) if not preverbParticle then return {s1='', s2='', s3='', p1='', p2='', p3=''} end if preverbParticle == 'ê' then local isErgative = isTransitive and (typeStem == 'past') -- When the personal pronoun ends in a vowel, a "y-" is added before "ê". -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: "min", "te", ... if isErgative then return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='yê/dê', p1='yê/dê', p2='yê/dê', p3='ê/dê'} else return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='ê/dê', p1='ê/dê', p2='ê/dê', p3='ê/dê'} end end -- If the verbal preparticle is identical for all pronouns, -- we create a table with the same value. local preverbParticles = {} for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do preverbParticles[pers] = preverbParticle end return preverbParticles end -- ============================================================================= -- RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING EACH VERB TENSE -- This table lists, for each verb tense, what elements are required to form it: -- - Verb conjugation is built by placing either the preverb "bi-" or "di-" before -- the verb stem (past or present), followed by a personal ending. -- - For the negative form, one of the prefixes "na-" or "ne-" is added as well. -- - In some cases, a preverbal particle such as /ê/ or /dê/ is added before -- the conjugated verb as well. -- Not: - The "negPreverb" (preverb (bi-/di-) for negative tenses) parameter has a -- value different from "nil" only for the Imperfect tense ("negPreverb=di"). -- - The parameter "negPrefix=na" is used only for the present indicative. -- -- Preverb "di", used in: "indPresent"(present stem), "indImperfect"(past stem) -- - Bo neyînî: pêşgira "di-" tenê di nav dema "IndImperfect" de tê bikaranîn. -- Preverb "bi", used in: "indFuture"(present stem), "subPresent"(present stem), -- "subImperfect"(past stem) = "condPresent"(past stem) -- - The prefix "bi-" isn't used in negative forms. -- -- Present stem, used in: "indPresent"(di)(na), -- "indFuture"(bi)(ne) = "subPresent"(bi)(ne) -- -- Past stem, used in: "indPreterite"(-)(ne), "indImperfect"(di)(ne), "indPluperfect"(-)(ne), -- "indPerfect"(-)(ne), "indNwPluperfect"(-)(ne), "indFuturePerfect"(-)(ne), -- "subPreterite"(-)(ne), -- "subImperfect"(bi)(ne) = "condPresent"(bi)(ne), -- "subPluperfect"(-)(ne) = "condPreterite"(-)(ne) -- ============================================================================= -- Some conjugations are identical except that they differ only in the preverbal particle (/ê/, /dê/). -- So, to avoid repeating the same information (and thus risking errors), -- we establish the common part shared between these verbs. local commonRules = { indFuture = { stem = "present", preverb = getPreverb['bi'], negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['present'] }, indFuturePerfect = { stem = "past", preverb = nil, negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['ibim'] }, subImperfect = { stem = "past", preverb = getPreverb['bi'], negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['ama'] }, subPluperfect = { stem = "past", preverb = nil, negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['ibûma'] } } local mt = { __index = function(t, k) local common = t._common if common then return common[k] end end } -- TENSE AND MOOD CLASSIFICATION TABLE export.tenseClassification = { -- IMPERATIVE MOOD impPresent = setmetatable({ name = "impPresent", nameKu = "raweya fermanî", nameEn = "present imperative", mode = "imperative", _common = commonRules.indFuture, preverbParticle = nil }, mt), -- INDICATIVE MOOD indPresent = { name = "indPresent", nameKu = "dema niha", nameEn = "present", mode = "indicative", stem = "present", preverb = getPreverb['di'], negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['na'], endings = getEndings['present'], preverbParticle = nil }, indPreterite = { name = "indPreterite", nameKu = "raboriya sade", nameEn = "simple past", mode = "indicative", stem = "past", preverb = nil, negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['past'], preverbParticle = nil }, indImperfect = { name = "indImperfect", nameKu = "raboriya berdest", nameEn = "Imperfect", mode = "indicative", stem = "past", preverb = getPreverb['di'], negPreverb = getPreverb['di'], negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['past'], preverbParticle = nil }, indPluperfect = { name = "indPluperfect", nameKu = "raboriya dûr", nameEn = "pluperfect", mode = "indicative", stem = "past", preverb = nil, negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['ibûm'], preverbParticle = nil }, indFuture = setmetatable({ name = "indFuture", nameKu = "dema bê", nameEn = "future", mode = "indicative", _common = commonRules.indFuture, preverbParticle = 'ê' }, mt), indFuturePerfect = setmetatable({ name = "indFuturePerfect", nameKu = "dahatiya pêş", nameEn = "future perfect", mode = "indicative", _common = commonRules.indFuturePerfect, preverbParticle = 'ê' }, mt), -- In some books, the "perfect" and "nonconfirmative pluperfect" tenses -- are classified in the "inferential mood" ("moda neşahidî"). -- Currently we classify them using the indicative mood (at the end). indPerfect = { name = "indPerfect", nameKu = "raboriya dûdar", nameEn = "perfect", mode = "indicative", stem = "past", preverb = nil, negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['ime'], preverbParticle = nil }, indNwPluperfect = { name = "indNwPluperfect", nameKu = "çîrokiya boriya dûdar", nameEn = "non-witnessed pluperfect", mode = "indicative", stem = "past", preverb = nil, negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['ibûme'], preverbParticle = nil }, -- SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD subPresent = setmetatable({ name = "subPresent", nameKu = "dema nihaya xwestekî", nameEn = "present subjunctive", mode = "subjunctive", _common = commonRules.indFuture, preverbParticle = nil }, mt), subPreterite = setmetatable({ name = "subPreterite", nameKu = "dema boriya xwestekî", nameEn = "preterite subjunctive", mode = "subjunctive", _common = commonRules.indFuturePerfect, preverbParticle = nil, }, mt), subImperfect = setmetatable({ name = "subImperfect", nameKu = "raboriya bilaniyê", nameEn = "imperfect subjunctive", mode = "subjunctive", _common = commonRules.subImperfect, preverbParticle = nil, }, mt), subPluperfect = setmetatable({ name = "subPluperfect", nameKu = "raboriya dûr a bilaniyê", nameEn = "pluperfect subjunctive", mode = "subjunctive", _common = commonRules.subPluperfect, preverbParticle = nil }, mt), -- CONDITIONAL MOOD condPresent = setmetatable({ name = "condPresent", nameKu = "çîrokiya dema nihaya mercî", nameEn = "present conditional", mode = "conditional", _common = commonRules.subImperfect, preverbParticle = 'ê' }, mt), condPreterite = setmetatable({ name = "condPreterite", nameKu = "dema boriya mercî", nameEn = "preterite conditional", mode = "conditional", _common = commonRules.subPluperfect, preverbParticle = 'ê' }, mt), } -- ============================================================================= -- MAIN CONJUGATION FUNCTOIN -- This function returns an array containing the conjugation table for a given -- tense as well as other information about the conjugated verb. -- ============================================================================= function export.conjugate(opts) opts = opts or {} -- Required parameters local tense = opts.tense or error("'tense' required", 2) --One of the two parameters is required: -- - If the tense uses the present stem, indicate "presentStem". -- - If it uses the past stem, indicate "pastStem". local presentStem = opts.presentStem local pastStem = opts.pastStem -- Optional parameters local isTransitive = opts.isTransitive or false -- Indicate if the verb is transitive (true/false) local isNegative = opts.isNegative or false -- Indicate if it's the negative form (true/false) local isCompoundVerb = opts.isCompoundVerb or false -- Indicate if it's a compound verb (true/false) local preSimpleVerb = opts.preSimpleVerb or '' -- The part before the simple verb local postSimpleVerb = opts.postSimpleVerb or '' -- The part after the simple verb -- These parameters are provided when the verb is irregular. -- Allows you to manually modify preverbs ("bi-"" or "di-") -- and negation prefixes ("na-" or "ne-") local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi or nil local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi or nil local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa or nil local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe or nil -- By default, the negation of the imperative is constructed from the prefix "me-"". -- To obtain the second variant, the prefix with "ne-", you must specify "impNegForm=2". local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm or nil -- Access to the classification table and retrieval of verb tense parameters local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') or false -- We check that this tense is indeed in table "tenseClassification". if (not infoTense) then return '<span style="color:red">Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'</span>' end -- We check that one of the two parameters of the stem is given if (infoTense.stem == 'present' and not presentStem) then return '<span style="color:red">presentStem parameter required</span>' elseif (infoTense.stem == 'past' and not pastStem) then return '<span style="color:red">pasttStem parameter required</span>' end -- Choice between the present stem or past stem local stem = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStem or pastStem --──────────────────────────── -- Conjugation construction -- -- ─────────────────────────── local preverb = '' local negPrefix = '' -- Ruturns the verb type: "simpleVerb" or "preverbVerb" or "compoundVerb" local verbStruct = export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb) if isNegative then negPrefix = infoTense.negPrefix{stem=stem, tenseName=tense, impNegForm=impNegForm, overrideNa=overrideNa, overrideNe=overrideNe} if infoTense.negPreverb then preverb = infoTense.negPreverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct, overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi} end else if infoTense.preverb then preverb = infoTense.preverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct, overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi} end end infoTense.conj = {} local spacing = isCompoundVerb and ' ' or '' local endings = infoTense:endings(stem) local preverbParticles = getPreverbParticules(infoTense.preverbParticle, infoTense.stem, isTransitive) local isErgative = isTransitive and (infoTense.stem == 'past') -- Creating the conjugation table for a given tense for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do local ending = '' local conjSimbleVerb = '' local conjVerb = '' if isErgative then ending = endings.s3 else ending = endings[pers] end -- Adding space after the preverbal particle local preverbParticle = preverbParticles[pers] if preverbParticle ~= '' then preverbParticle = preverbParticle .. ' ' end conjSimbleVerb = negPrefix .. preverb .. stem .. ending -- Adding prefixe and suffixe conjVerb = preSimpleVerb .. spacing .. conjSimbleVerb .. postSimpleVerb -- Spelling correction(îy -> iy) conjVerb = mw.ustring.gsub(conjVerb, 'îy', 'iy') -- Add a link conjVerb = link{term=conjVerb, lang=langKu} -- Addition of the preverbal particle infoTense.conj[pers] = preverbParticle .. conjVerb end -- Imperative if (infoTense.name == 'impPresent') then infoTense.conj.s1 = nil infoTense.conj.s2 = infoTense.conj.s3 infoTense.conj.s3 = nil infoTense.conj.p1 = nil --infoTense.conj.p2 = infoTense.conj.p2 infoTense.conj.p3 = nil end return infoTense end -- ============================================================================= -- END -- ============================================================================= -- Some useful tools -- ============================================================================= -- Returns the list of verb tenses export.tensesList = function() local list = {} for _, tense in pairs(export.tenseClassification) do table.insert(list, tense.name) end return list end -- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs -- (for a given conjugate tense in all persons of that tense) function export.concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjVerbs) local concatTab = {} for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do concatTab[pers] = pronoms[pers] .. ' ' .. conjVerbs[pers] end return concatTab end -- ============================================================================= -- ADDITIONAL STEM OF THE PAST AND PRESENT (pastStem2, ... and presentStem2, ...) -- This function does nothing more than add additional parameters for verb stems -- in the past and present tenses. -- Conjugations for the different stems will be separated by "/" -- ============================================================================= function export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems) local opts = baseOpts or {} opts.tense = tense or nil local presentStems = presentStems or {} local pastStems = pastStems or {} local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') or false -- We check that this tense is indeed in table "tenseClassification". if not infoTense then return '<span style="color:red">Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'</span>' end local stems = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStems or pastStems -- For each verb stem, its conjugation table is calculated and stored in conjTabs. local conjTabs = {} for i = 1, #stems do if stems[i] then if (infoTense.stem == 'past') then opts.pastStem = stems[i] end if (infoTense.stem == 'present') then opts.presentStem = stems[i] end local conj = export.conjugate(opts).conj table.insert(conjTabs, conj) end end -- We concatenate each row of the conjugation tables. local concatConjTabs = {} for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do local frag = {} for i = 1, #conjTabs do local val = conjTabs[i][pers] if val then table.insert(frag, tostring(val)) end end concatConjTabs[pers] = table.concat(frag, " / ") end infoTense.conj = concatConjTabs return infoTense end -- ==================================================================================== -- VERB CONUGATION IN ALL TENSES WITH PRONOUMS -- ==================================================================================== function export.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, negation, concatPrs) local opts = baseOpts or {} if negation == 'negative' then opts.isNegative = true end -- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs local concatPronomsVerbs = export.concatPronomsVerbs -- Tenses list local tensesList = export.tensesList() -- Conjugation in all tenses local conjTab = {} for _, tense in ipairs(tensesList) do local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') -- We create the conjugation table without the pronouns. conjTab[tense] = deepCopy(export.conjugateLong(opts, tense, presentStems, pastStems), 'copy') -- We concatenate the pronouns and the verbs if "concatPrs" is different of "false" -- (no pronoun for the imperative mood) if (tense ~= 'impPresent' and concatPrs ~= false) then local pronoms = deepCopy(export.conjPronouns(infoTense.stem, infoTense.mode, opts.isTransitive)) conjTab[tense].conj = concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjTab[tense].conj) end end return conjTab end -- ==================================================================================== -- Allows you to obtain a given conjugation from a model. -- Ex. in the template: {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=s1}} -- See {{ku-tewîn-lk-niha}} -- ==================================================================================== function export.tew(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local baseOpts = { isNegative = frame.args['neyînî'] or false, isTransitive = args['form'], isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false, preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or nil, postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil, overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil, overrideDi = args['di'] or nil, overrideNa = args['na'] or nil, overrideNe = args['na'] or nil, impNegForm = nil } local tense = frame.args['dem'] or nil local pers = frame.args['kes'] or nil local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']} local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']} -- A few checks if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then baseOpts.isTransitive = true elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then baseOpts.isTransitive = false else return '<span style="color:red">form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz</span>' end if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true else baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false end if (baseOpts.isNegative == 'erê') then baseOpts.isNegative = true end local tabConj = export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems).conj return tabConj[pers] end -- ==================================================================================== -- GET COMMMA SEPARED FORMS -- ==================================================================================== function export.get_comma_separated_forms(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local opts = { presentStem = frame.args['niha'], pastStem = frame.args['borî'], isTransitive = false, isNegative = false, isCompoundVerb = frame['valahî'] or false, preSimpleVerb = frame['pêşgir'] or '', postSimpleVerb = frame['paşgir'] or '', overrideBi = frame['bi'] or nil, overrideDi = frame['di'] or nil, overrideNa = frame['na'] or nil, overrideNe = frame['na'] or nil, impNegForm = nil, } local function removeTags(tag) tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '%[%[(.+)%|(.+)%]%]', '%2') tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '<b>(.+)</b>', '%1') tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '<span(.*)>(.*)</span>', '%2') return tag end local function concateList(tenseList) local concatList = {} for _, pers in ipairs({"s1", "s2", "s3", "p1"}) do tense = removeTags(tenseList[pers]) -- Remove tags table.insert(concatList, tense) end return table.concat(concatList, ",") end local tenseList = {'indPresent','indPreterite','indImperfect', 'indPluperfect','indPerfect','indNwPluperfect', 'indFuture','indFuturePerfect', 'subImperfect','subPluperfect' } local concatAllTense = {} for i = 1, #tenseList do local tense = tenseList[i] if export.tenseClassification[tense] then opts.tense = tense local conj = shallowCopy(export.conjugate(opts).conj) local concatTense = concateList(conj) table.insert(concatAllTense, concatTense) end end return table.concat(concatAllTense, ",") end return export 2zn1ptuc451uztnw7uh5y18d0aj8odz 6236179 6236092 2026-05-27T06:17:13Z Ghybu 1393 sub. --> subj. 6236179 Scribunto text/plain -- Modula tewandina lêkerên kurmancî local export = {} -- Load irregular forms table -- local irreg = require('Module:ku-tewandin/dijrêzik') local langKu = require("Modul:languages").getByCode("ku") local link = require('Module:links').language_link local shallowCopy = require("Module:table/shallowCopy") local deepCopy = require("Module:table/deepCopy") -- ============================================================================= -- Pronouns in Kurmanji -- ============================================================================= export.order = {"s1", "s2", "s3", "p1", "p2", "p3"} export.pronouns = { s1 = "ez", p1 = "em", s2 = "tu", p2 = "hûn", s3 = "ew", p3 = "ew" } export.obliquePronouns = { s1 = "min", p1 = "me", s2 = "te", p2 = "we", s3 = "wê/wî", p3 = "wan" } export.agents = { s1 = "te, wî/wê, we, wan", p1 = "te, wî/wê, we, wan", s2 = "min, wî/wê, me, wan", p2 = "min, wî/wê, me, wan", s3 = "min, te, wî/wê, me, we, wan", p3 = "min, te, wî/wê, me, we, wan" } -- Oblique pronoun (green) export.obliquePronounsGreen = { s1 = '<span style="color:green">min</span>', s2 = '<span style="color:green">te</span>', s3 = '<span style="color:green">wê/wî</span>', p1 = '<span style="color:green">me</span>', p2 = '<span style="color:green">we</span>', p3 = '<span style="color:green">wan</span>' } -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -- 1) This function returns correct subject/agent pronoun, ergativity rule: -- - Transitive verbs in past tenses → oblique pronoun (green) = agent -- - All other cases → direct pronoun (no color) = subject -- 2) Also add the subjunctive prefix "(bila)" -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── function export.conjPronouns(stemType, mode, isTransitive) local pronouns = shallowCopy(export.pronouns) -- Ergativity in kurdish: transitive verbs that are conjugated with the past tense stem are -- conjugated according to the object, not the subject. -- Therefore, to have an ergative construction, -- the verb must be transitive and its stem must be the stem of the past tense. local isErgative = isTransitive and (stemType == 'past') -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: "min", "te", ... -- If it's not ergative, we use normal pronouns: "ez", "tu", ... if isErgative then pronouns = shallowCopy(export.obliquePronounsGreen) end -- For the subjunctive mood, we add "(bila)" at the beginning. if mode == 'subjunctive' then subjPrefix = '<span style="color:gray">(bila)</span>' for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do pronouns[pers] = subjPrefix .. ' ' .. pronouns[pers] end end return pronouns end -- ============================================================================= -- VERBAL STRUCTURE IN THE INFINITIVE: -- Verbs in the infinitive appear in three main forms: -- 1) Simple verb (indivisible light verb): -- - ex.: "kirin", "çûn", "xwarin", ... -- 2) Verbs with preverbs (preverb + simple verb): -- - ex.: "rakirin" (ra- + kirin), "çêkirin" (çê- + kirin), "vexwarin" (ve- + xwarin), ... -- - Preverb verbs don't use the prefix "bi-" (ez ê rakim , ew ê rake , ...) -- 3) Compound verbs, construction with non-verbal element (the noun is not attached to the verb): -- - Left of the simple verb: "hez kirin" ("hez" + "kirin"), "li dar xistin" ("li dar" + "xistin"), ... -- - Right of the simple verb: "kirin der" ("kirin" + "der"), "girtin ser xwe" ("girtin" + "ser xwe"), ... -- - Compound verbs use the prefix "bi-" (ez ê hez bi-kim , ew ê hez bi-ke ) -- STRUCTURE: preSimpleVerb + spacing + simpleVerb + postSimpleVerb -- EX. kirin: preSimpleVerb=''; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='' -- rakirin: preSimpleVerb='ra'; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='' -- hez kirin: preSimpleVerb='hez'; spacing=true; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='' -- pev çûn: preSimpleVerb='pev'; spacing=true; simpleVerb='çûn'; postSimpleVerb='' -- kirin der: preSimpleVerb=''; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='der' -- WARNING: Conjugation can vary depending on the type of verb. -- For example, in the future tense,the prefix "bi" is used for compound verbs, -- but not for preverbal verbs, see the function that manages it "tenseClassification" table. -- This table does not yet support the mixed case: a verb composed of a noun and a preverb verb. -- ============================================================================= function export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb) local struct if (preSimpleVerb and preSimpleVerb ~= '' and not isCompoundVerb) then struct = 'preverbVerb' elseif isCompoundVerb then struct = 'compoundVerb' else struct = 'simpleVerb' end return struct end -- ================================================================ -- INFLECTIONAL ENDINGS -- Assigns verb inflectional endings (suffixes) to all tenses -- ================================================================ local getEndings = {} do -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -- Ending using present stem -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── getEndings['present'] = function(self, stem) local ends if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'} else ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='e', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'} end return ends end -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -- Ind. preterite + ind. imperfect ending -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── getEndings['past'] = function(self, stem) local ends if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiouû]$') then ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'} elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then -- if self.name == 'indImperfect' then -- -- special indicative ind. imperfect rule -- ends = {s1='yam', s2='yayî', s3='ya', p1='yan', p2='yan', p3='yan'} -- end ends = {s1='m', s2='', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'} else ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'} end return ends end -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -- Compound endings with auxiliary "bûn" -- Inflectional endings are created by taking the different forms of the -- verb "bûn" (with present stem "-b-" and past stem "-bû-") and -- adding an "i-" prefix before them: "i-b-im", "i-bû-m", "i-bû-me", "i-bû-ma". -- This "i-" varies according to the final letter of the verb stem. -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── local function normalize_i(stem) local prfx_i = "i" if mw.ustring.match(stem, "ya$") or mw.ustring.match(stem, "[îû]$") then -- cf. karîn (-karî-) prfx_i = "" elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiou]$') then prfx_i = "yi" end return prfx_i end getEndings['ibim'] = function(self, stem) local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem) return { s1 = prfx_i .. "bim", p1 = prfx_i .. "bin", s2 = prfx_i .. "bî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bin", s3 = prfx_i .. "be", p3 = prfx_i .. "bin" } end getEndings['ibûm'] = function(self, stem) local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem) return { s1 = prfx_i .. "bûm", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûn", s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûn", s3 = prfx_i .. "bû", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûn" } end getEndings['ibûme'] = function(self, stem) local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem) return { s1 = prfx_i .. "bûme", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûne", s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyiye", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûne", s3 = prfx_i .. "bûye", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûne" } end getEndings['ibûma'] = function(self, stem) local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem) return { s1 = prfx_i .. "bûma", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûna", s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyayî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûna", s3 = prfx_i .. "bûya", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûna" } end -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -- Ind. perfect ending. -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── getEndings['ime'] = function(self, stem) local ends if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then ends = {s1="me", s2="yî", s3="ye", p1="ne", p2="ne", p3="ne"} else ends = {s1="ime", s2="iyî", s3="iye", p1="ine", p2="ine", p3="ine"} end return ends end -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -- Subj. Imperfect ending. -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── getEndings['ama'] = function(self, stem) local ends -- The doublet in "-iyan" of verbs in -"în" (gerîn/-geriya-, kenîn/-keniya-, ...), -- in the conditional and subjunctive moods, a doublet "yaya" appears; it's removed. -- -yayayî → -yayî; -yaya → -ya if mw.ustring.match(stem, '(ya)$') then ends = {s1="ma", s2="yî", s3="", p1="na", p2="na", p3="na"} elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then ends = {s1="ma", s2="yayî", s3="ya", p1="na", p2="na", p3="na"} else ends = {s1="ama", s2="ayî", s3="a", p1="ana", p2="ana", p3="ana"} end return ends end end -- ============================================================================= -- RULES FOR PREVERBS: "bi-" and "di-" -- There are two preverbs: "bi-" and "di-". These preverbs can change form -- depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem. -- ============================================================================= local getPreverb = {} do getPreverb['bi'] = function (opts) local opts = opts or {} local stem = opts.stem local verbStruct = opts.verbStruct local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi -- Preverb verbs don't use the preverb "bi-": ra-kirin (ez ê rakim), ve-xwarin (ez ê vexwim) , ... -- But compound verb and simple verbs use it: hez kirin (ez ê hez bi-kim), lê bigirin (ez ê lê bi-girim), ... if (verbStruct == 'preverbVerb') then return '' end if overrideBi then return overrideBi end -- if irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] end -- Modification of the preverbe "bi-" according to the last letter of the stem. if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[aeêiîouû]') then return 'b' end return 'bi' end getPreverb['di'] = function (opts) local opts = opts or {} local stem = opts.stem local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi if overrideDi then return overrideDi end -- if irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] end -- Modification of the preverbe "di-" according to the last letter of the stem. if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[ai]') then return 'd' end -- Ex. hatin : stem = -ê- // ez têm if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[êî]') then return 't' end return 'di' end end -- ============================================================================= -- RULES FOR NEGATION PREFIXES: "na-" and "ne-" -- There are two negation prefixes: "na-" and "ne-". These preverbs can change -- form depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem. -- ============================================================================= local getNegPrefix = {} do getNegPrefix['na'] = function (opts) local opts = opts or {} local stem = opts.stem local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa if overrideNa then return '<b>' .. overrideNa .. '</b>' end -- if irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] end -- Add sufix "-y" before certain vowels. if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then return '<b>nay</b>' end -- Elision before stems beginning with "a-" (removal of the final "-e"). if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then return '<b>n</b>' end -- Tîpa duyem "-a-" ye (k-a-rîn, z-a-nîn, ...) if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^%wa') then return '<b>ni</b>' end return '<b>na</b>' end getNegPrefix['ne'] = function (opts) local opts = opts or {} local stem = opts.stem local tenseName = opts.tenseName local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe if overrideNe then return '<b>' .. overrideNe .. '</b>' end -- if irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] end local negPrefix = 'ne' -- There are two forms of construction of the imperative, -- one with the prefix "me-" and the other with the prefix "ne-". if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then negPrefix = (impNegForm == 2) and 'ne' or 'me' end -- Add sufix "-y" before certain vowels. if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. 'y</b>' end -- Elision before stems beginning with "a-" (removal of the final "-e"). if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then negPreFix = mw.ustring.sub(negPrefix, 1, -2) return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. '</b>' end return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. '</b>' end end -- ============================================================================= -- Standardization of the PREVERBAL PARTICLE -- The proverbial particle "ê" is placed after the personal pronoun. -- ============================================================================= -- If there are no verbal preparticles, return empty table. local function getPreverbParticules(preverbParticle, typeStem, isTransitive) if not preverbParticle then return {s1='', s2='', s3='', p1='', p2='', p3=''} end if preverbParticle == 'ê' then local isErgative = isTransitive and (typeStem == 'past') -- When the personal pronoun ends in a vowel, a "y-" is added before "ê". -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: "min", "te", ... if isErgative then return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='yê/dê', p1='yê/dê', p2='yê/dê', p3='ê/dê'} else return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='ê/dê', p1='ê/dê', p2='ê/dê', p3='ê/dê'} end end -- If the verbal preparticle is identical for all pronouns, -- we create a table with the same value. local preverbParticles = {} for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do preverbParticles[pers] = preverbParticle end return preverbParticles end -- ============================================================================= -- RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING EACH VERB TENSE -- This table lists, for each verb tense, what elements are required to form it: -- - Verb conjugation is built by placing either the preverb "bi-" or "di-" before -- the verb stem (past or present), followed by a personal ending. -- - For the negative form, one of the prefixes "na-" or "ne-" is added as well. -- - In some cases, a preverbal particle such as /ê/ or /dê/ is added before -- the conjugated verb as well. -- Not: - The "negPreverb" (preverb (bi-/di-) for negative tenses) parameter has a -- value different from "nil" only for the Imperfect tense ("negPreverb=di"). -- - The parameter "negPrefix=na" is used only for the present indicative. -- -- Preverb "di", used in: "indPresent"(present stem), "indImperfect"(past stem) -- - Bo neyînî: pêşgira "di-" tenê di nav dema "IndImperfect" de tê bikaranîn. -- Preverb "bi", used in: "indFuture"(present stem), "subPresent"(present stem), -- "subImperfect"(past stem) = "condPresent"(past stem) -- - The prefix "bi-" isn't used in negative forms. -- -- Present stem, used in: "indPresent"(di)(na), -- "indFuture"(bi)(ne) = "subPresent"(bi)(ne) -- -- Past stem, used in: "indPreterite"(-)(ne), "indImperfect"(di)(ne), "indPluperfect"(-)(ne), -- "indPerfect"(-)(ne), "indNwPluperfect"(-)(ne), "indFuturePerfect"(-)(ne), -- "subPreterite"(-)(ne), -- "subImperfect"(bi)(ne) = "condPresent"(bi)(ne), -- "subPluperfect"(-)(ne) = "condPreterite"(-)(ne) -- ============================================================================= -- Some conjugations are identical except that they differ only in the preverbal particle (/ê/, /dê/). -- So, to avoid repeating the same information (and thus risking errors), -- we establish the common part shared between these verbs. local commonRules = { indFuture = { stem = "present", preverb = getPreverb['bi'], negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['present'] }, indFuturePerfect = { stem = "past", preverb = nil, negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['ibim'] }, subImperfect = { stem = "past", preverb = getPreverb['bi'], negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['ama'] }, subPluperfect = { stem = "past", preverb = nil, negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['ibûma'] } } local mt = { __index = function(t, k) local common = t._common if common then return common[k] end end } -- TENSE AND MOOD CLASSIFICATION TABLE export.tenseClassification = { -- IMPERATIVE MOOD impPresent = setmetatable({ name = "impPresent", nameKu = "raweya fermanî", nameEn = "present imperative", mode = "imperative", _common = commonRules.indFuture, preverbParticle = nil }, mt), -- INDICATIVE MOOD indPresent = { name = "indPresent", nameKu = "dema niha", nameEn = "present", mode = "indicative", stem = "present", preverb = getPreverb['di'], negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['na'], endings = getEndings['present'], preverbParticle = nil }, indPreterite = { name = "indPreterite", nameKu = "raboriya sade", nameEn = "simple past", mode = "indicative", stem = "past", preverb = nil, negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['past'], preverbParticle = nil }, indImperfect = { name = "indImperfect", nameKu = "raboriya berdest", nameEn = "Imperfect", mode = "indicative", stem = "past", preverb = getPreverb['di'], negPreverb = getPreverb['di'], negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['past'], preverbParticle = nil }, indPluperfect = { name = "indPluperfect", nameKu = "raboriya dûr", nameEn = "pluperfect", mode = "indicative", stem = "past", preverb = nil, negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['ibûm'], preverbParticle = nil }, indFuture = setmetatable({ name = "indFuture", nameKu = "dema bê", nameEn = "future", mode = "indicative", _common = commonRules.indFuture, preverbParticle = 'ê' }, mt), indFuturePerfect = setmetatable({ name = "indFuturePerfect", nameKu = "dahatiya pêş", nameEn = "future perfect", mode = "indicative", _common = commonRules.indFuturePerfect, preverbParticle = 'ê' }, mt), -- In some books, the "perfect" and "nonconfirmative pluperfect" tenses -- are classified in the "inferential mood" ("moda neşahidî"). -- Currently we classify them using the indicative mood (at the end). indPerfect = { name = "indPerfect", nameKu = "raboriya dûdar", nameEn = "perfect", mode = "indicative", stem = "past", preverb = nil, negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['ime'], preverbParticle = nil }, indNwPluperfect = { name = "indNwPluperfect", nameKu = "çîrokiya boriya dûdar", nameEn = "non-witnessed pluperfect", mode = "indicative", stem = "past", preverb = nil, negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['ibûme'], preverbParticle = nil }, -- SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD subjPresent = setmetatable({ name = "subjPresent", nameKu = "dema nihaya xwestekî", nameEn = "present subjunctive", mode = "subjunctive", _common = commonRules.indFuture, preverbParticle = nil }, mt), subjPreterite = setmetatable({ name = "subjPreterite", nameKu = "dema boriya xwestekî", nameEn = "preterite subjunctive", mode = "subjunctive", _common = commonRules.indFuturePerfect, preverbParticle = nil, }, mt), subjImperfect = setmetatable({ name = "subjImperfect", nameKu = "raboriya bilaniyê", nameEn = "imperfect subjunctive", mode = "subjunctive", _common = commonRules.subImperfect, preverbParticle = nil, }, mt), subjPluperfect = setmetatable({ name = "subjPluperfect", nameKu = "raboriya dûr a bilaniyê", nameEn = "pluperfect subjunctive", mode = "subjunctive", _common = commonRules.subPluperfect, preverbParticle = nil }, mt), -- CONDITIONAL MOOD condPresent = setmetatable({ name = "condPresent", nameKu = "çîrokiya dema nihaya mercî", nameEn = "present conditional", mode = "conditional", _common = commonRules.subImperfect, preverbParticle = 'ê' }, mt), condPreterite = setmetatable({ name = "condPreterite", nameKu = "dema boriya mercî", nameEn = "preterite conditional", mode = "conditional", _common = commonRules.subPluperfect, preverbParticle = 'ê' }, mt), } -- ============================================================================= -- MAIN CONJUGATION FUNCTOIN -- This function returns an array containing the conjugation table for a given -- tense as well as other information about the conjugated verb. -- ============================================================================= function export.conjugate(opts) opts = opts or {} -- Required parameters local tense = opts.tense or error("'tense' required", 2) --One of the two parameters is required: -- - If the tense uses the present stem, indicate "presentStem". -- - If it uses the past stem, indicate "pastStem". local presentStem = opts.presentStem local pastStem = opts.pastStem -- Optional parameters local isTransitive = opts.isTransitive or false -- Indicate if the verb is transitive (true/false) local isNegative = opts.isNegative or false -- Indicate if it's the negative form (true/false) local isCompoundVerb = opts.isCompoundVerb or false -- Indicate if it's a compound verb (true/false) local preSimpleVerb = opts.preSimpleVerb or '' -- The part before the simple verb local postSimpleVerb = opts.postSimpleVerb or '' -- The part after the simple verb -- These parameters are provided when the verb is irregular. -- Allows you to manually modify preverbs ("bi-"" or "di-") -- and negation prefixes ("na-" or "ne-") local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi or nil local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi or nil local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa or nil local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe or nil -- By default, the negation of the imperative is constructed from the prefix "me-"". -- To obtain the second variant, the prefix with "ne-", you must specify "impNegForm=2". local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm or nil -- Access to the classification table and retrieval of verb tense parameters local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') or false -- We check that this tense is indeed in table "tenseClassification". if (not infoTense) then return '<span style="color:red">Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'</span>' end -- We check that one of the two parameters of the stem is given if (infoTense.stem == 'present' and not presentStem) then return '<span style="color:red">presentStem parameter required</span>' elseif (infoTense.stem == 'past' and not pastStem) then return '<span style="color:red">pasttStem parameter required</span>' end -- Choice between the present stem or past stem local stem = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStem or pastStem --──────────────────────────── -- Conjugation construction -- -- ─────────────────────────── local preverb = '' local negPrefix = '' -- Ruturns the verb type: "simpleVerb" or "preverbVerb" or "compoundVerb" local verbStruct = export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb) if isNegative then negPrefix = infoTense.negPrefix{stem=stem, tenseName=tense, impNegForm=impNegForm, overrideNa=overrideNa, overrideNe=overrideNe} if infoTense.negPreverb then preverb = infoTense.negPreverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct, overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi} end else if infoTense.preverb then preverb = infoTense.preverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct, overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi} end end infoTense.conj = {} local spacing = isCompoundVerb and ' ' or '' local endings = infoTense:endings(stem) local preverbParticles = getPreverbParticules(infoTense.preverbParticle, infoTense.stem, isTransitive) local isErgative = isTransitive and (infoTense.stem == 'past') -- Creating the conjugation table for a given tense for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do local ending = '' local conjSimbleVerb = '' local conjVerb = '' if isErgative then ending = endings.s3 else ending = endings[pers] end -- Adding space after the preverbal particle local preverbParticle = preverbParticles[pers] if preverbParticle ~= '' then preverbParticle = preverbParticle .. ' ' end conjSimbleVerb = negPrefix .. preverb .. stem .. ending -- Adding prefixe and suffixe conjVerb = preSimpleVerb .. spacing .. conjSimbleVerb .. postSimpleVerb -- Spelling correction(îy -> iy) conjVerb = mw.ustring.gsub(conjVerb, 'îy', 'iy') -- Add a link conjVerb = link{term=conjVerb, lang=langKu} -- Addition of the preverbal particle infoTense.conj[pers] = preverbParticle .. conjVerb end -- Imperative if (infoTense.name == 'impPresent') then infoTense.conj.s1 = nil infoTense.conj.s2 = infoTense.conj.s3 infoTense.conj.s3 = nil infoTense.conj.p1 = nil --infoTense.conj.p2 = infoTense.conj.p2 infoTense.conj.p3 = nil end return infoTense end -- ============================================================================= -- END -- ============================================================================= -- Some useful tools -- ============================================================================= -- Returns the list of verb tenses export.tensesList = function() local list = {} for _, tense in pairs(export.tenseClassification) do table.insert(list, tense.name) end return list end -- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs -- (for a given conjugate tense in all persons of that tense) function export.concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjVerbs) local concatTab = {} for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do concatTab[pers] = pronoms[pers] .. ' ' .. conjVerbs[pers] end return concatTab end -- ============================================================================= -- ADDITIONAL STEM OF THE PAST AND PRESENT (pastStem2, ... and presentStem2, ...) -- This function does nothing more than add additional parameters for verb stems -- in the past and present tenses. -- Conjugations for the different stems will be separated by "/" -- ============================================================================= function export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems) local opts = baseOpts or {} opts.tense = tense or nil local presentStems = presentStems or {} local pastStems = pastStems or {} local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') or false -- We check that this tense is indeed in table "tenseClassification". if not infoTense then return '<span style="color:red">Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'</span>' end local stems = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStems or pastStems -- For each verb stem, its conjugation table is calculated and stored in conjTabs. local conjTabs = {} for i = 1, #stems do if stems[i] then if (infoTense.stem == 'past') then opts.pastStem = stems[i] end if (infoTense.stem == 'present') then opts.presentStem = stems[i] end local conj = export.conjugate(opts).conj table.insert(conjTabs, conj) end end -- We concatenate each row of the conjugation tables. local concatConjTabs = {} for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do local frag = {} for i = 1, #conjTabs do local val = conjTabs[i][pers] if val then table.insert(frag, tostring(val)) end end concatConjTabs[pers] = table.concat(frag, " / ") end infoTense.conj = concatConjTabs return infoTense end -- ==================================================================================== -- VERB CONUGATION IN ALL TENSES WITH PRONOUMS -- ==================================================================================== function export.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, negation, concatPrs) local opts = baseOpts or {} if negation == 'negative' then opts.isNegative = true end -- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs local concatPronomsVerbs = export.concatPronomsVerbs -- Tenses list local tensesList = export.tensesList() -- Conjugation in all tenses local conjTab = {} for _, tense in ipairs(tensesList) do local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') -- We create the conjugation table without the pronouns. conjTab[tense] = deepCopy(export.conjugateLong(opts, tense, presentStems, pastStems), 'copy') -- We concatenate the pronouns and the verbs if "concatPrs" is different of "false" -- (no pronoun for the imperative mood) if (tense ~= 'impPresent' and concatPrs ~= false) then local pronoms = deepCopy(export.conjPronouns(infoTense.stem, infoTense.mode, opts.isTransitive)) conjTab[tense].conj = concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjTab[tense].conj) end end return conjTab end -- ==================================================================================== -- Allows you to obtain a given conjugation from a model. -- Ex. in the template: {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=s1}} -- See {{ku-tewîn-lk-niha}} -- ==================================================================================== function export.tew(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local baseOpts = { isNegative = frame.args['neyînî'] or false, isTransitive = args['form'], isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false, preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or nil, postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil, overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil, overrideDi = args['di'] or nil, overrideNa = args['na'] or nil, overrideNe = args['na'] or nil, impNegForm = nil } local tense = frame.args['dem'] or nil local pers = frame.args['kes'] or nil local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']} local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']} -- A few checks if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then baseOpts.isTransitive = true elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then baseOpts.isTransitive = false else return '<span style="color:red">form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz</span>' end if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true else baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false end if (baseOpts.isNegative == 'erê') then baseOpts.isNegative = true end local tabConj = export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems).conj return tabConj[pers] end -- ==================================================================================== -- GET COMMMA SEPARED FORMS -- ==================================================================================== function export.get_comma_separated_forms(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local opts = { presentStem = frame.args['niha'], pastStem = frame.args['borî'], isTransitive = false, isNegative = false, isCompoundVerb = frame['valahî'] or false, preSimpleVerb = frame['pêşgir'] or '', postSimpleVerb = frame['paşgir'] or '', overrideBi = frame['bi'] or nil, overrideDi = frame['di'] or nil, overrideNa = frame['na'] or nil, overrideNe = frame['na'] or nil, impNegForm = nil, } local function removeTags(tag) tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '%[%[(.+)%|(.+)%]%]', '%2') tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '<b>(.+)</b>', '%1') tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '<span(.*)>(.*)</span>', '%2') return tag end local function concateList(tenseList) local concatList = {} for _, pers in ipairs({"s1", "s2", "s3", "p1"}) do tense = removeTags(tenseList[pers]) -- Remove tags table.insert(concatList, tense) end return table.concat(concatList, ",") end local tenseList = {'indPresent','indPreterite','indImperfect', 'indPluperfect','indPerfect','indNwPluperfect', 'indFuture','indFuturePerfect', 'subImperfect','subPluperfect' } local concatAllTense = {} for i = 1, #tenseList do local tense = tenseList[i] if export.tenseClassification[tense] then opts.tense = tense local conj = shallowCopy(export.conjugate(opts).conj) local concatTense = concateList(conj) table.insert(concatAllTense, concatTense) end end return table.concat(concatAllTense, ",") end return export ro64hpkf48p37fqmr7of603nirkil0z 6236182 6236179 2026-05-27T06:20:54Z Ghybu 1393 6236182 Scribunto text/plain -- Modula tewandina lêkerên kurmancî local export = {} -- Load irregular forms table -- local irreg = require('Module:ku-tewandin/dijrêzik') local langKu = require("Modul:languages").getByCode("ku") local link = require('Module:links').language_link local shallowCopy = require("Module:table/shallowCopy") local deepCopy = require("Module:table/deepCopy") -- ============================================================================= -- Pronouns in Kurmanji -- ============================================================================= export.order = {"s1", "s2", "s3", "p1", "p2", "p3"} export.pronouns = { s1 = "ez", p1 = "em", s2 = "tu", p2 = "hûn", s3 = "ew", p3 = "ew" } export.obliquePronouns = { s1 = "min", p1 = "me", s2 = "te", p2 = "we", s3 = "wê/wî", p3 = "wan" } export.agents = { s1 = "te, wî/wê, we, wan", p1 = "te, wî/wê, we, wan", s2 = "min, wî/wê, me, wan", p2 = "min, wî/wê, me, wan", s3 = "min, te, wî/wê, me, we, wan", p3 = "min, te, wî/wê, me, we, wan" } -- Oblique pronoun (green) export.obliquePronounsGreen = { s1 = '<span style="color:green">min</span>', s2 = '<span style="color:green">te</span>', s3 = '<span style="color:green">wê/wî</span>', p1 = '<span style="color:green">me</span>', p2 = '<span style="color:green">we</span>', p3 = '<span style="color:green">wan</span>' } -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -- 1) This function returns correct subject/agent pronoun, ergativity rule: -- - Transitive verbs in past tenses → oblique pronoun (green) = agent -- - All other cases → direct pronoun (no color) = subject -- 2) Also add the subjunctive prefix "(bila)" -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── function export.conjPronouns(stemType, mode, isTransitive) local pronouns = shallowCopy(export.pronouns) -- Ergativity in kurdish: transitive verbs that are conjugated with the past tense stem are -- conjugated according to the object, not the subject. -- Therefore, to have an ergative construction, -- the verb must be transitive and its stem must be the stem of the past tense. local isErgative = isTransitive and (stemType == 'past') -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: "min", "te", ... -- If it's not ergative, we use normal pronouns: "ez", "tu", ... if isErgative then pronouns = shallowCopy(export.obliquePronounsGreen) end -- For the subjunctive mood, we add "(bila)" at the beginning. if mode == 'subjunctive' then subjPrefix = '<span style="color:gray">(bila)</span>' for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do pronouns[pers] = subjPrefix .. ' ' .. pronouns[pers] end end return pronouns end -- ============================================================================= -- VERBAL STRUCTURE IN THE INFINITIVE: -- Verbs in the infinitive appear in three main forms: -- 1) Simple verb (indivisible light verb): -- - ex.: "kirin", "çûn", "xwarin", ... -- 2) Verbs with preverbs (preverb + simple verb): -- - ex.: "rakirin" (ra- + kirin), "çêkirin" (çê- + kirin), "vexwarin" (ve- + xwarin), ... -- - Preverb verbs don't use the prefix "bi-" (ez ê rakim , ew ê rake , ...) -- 3) Compound verbs, construction with non-verbal element (the noun is not attached to the verb): -- - Left of the simple verb: "hez kirin" ("hez" + "kirin"), "li dar xistin" ("li dar" + "xistin"), ... -- - Right of the simple verb: "kirin der" ("kirin" + "der"), "girtin ser xwe" ("girtin" + "ser xwe"), ... -- - Compound verbs use the prefix "bi-" (ez ê hez bi-kim , ew ê hez bi-ke ) -- STRUCTURE: preSimpleVerb + spacing + simpleVerb + postSimpleVerb -- EX. kirin: preSimpleVerb=''; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='' -- rakirin: preSimpleVerb='ra'; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='' -- hez kirin: preSimpleVerb='hez'; spacing=true; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='' -- pev çûn: preSimpleVerb='pev'; spacing=true; simpleVerb='çûn'; postSimpleVerb='' -- kirin der: preSimpleVerb=''; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='der' -- WARNING: Conjugation can vary depending on the type of verb. -- For example, in the future tense,the prefix "bi" is used for compound verbs, -- but not for preverbal verbs, see the function that manages it "tenseClassification" table. -- This table does not yet support the mixed case: a verb composed of a noun and a preverb verb. -- ============================================================================= function export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb) local struct if (preSimpleVerb and preSimpleVerb ~= '' and not isCompoundVerb) then struct = 'preverbVerb' elseif isCompoundVerb then struct = 'compoundVerb' else struct = 'simpleVerb' end return struct end -- ================================================================ -- INFLECTIONAL ENDINGS -- Assigns verb inflectional endings (suffixes) to all tenses -- ================================================================ local getEndings = {} do -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -- Ending using present stem -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── getEndings['present'] = function(self, stem) local ends if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'} else ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='e', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'} end return ends end -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -- Ind. preterite + ind. imperfect ending -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── getEndings['past'] = function(self, stem) local ends if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiouû]$') then ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'} elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then -- if self.name == 'indImperfect' then -- -- special indicative ind. imperfect rule -- ends = {s1='yam', s2='yayî', s3='ya', p1='yan', p2='yan', p3='yan'} -- end ends = {s1='m', s2='', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'} else ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'} end return ends end -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -- Compound endings with auxiliary "bûn" -- Inflectional endings are created by taking the different forms of the -- verb "bûn" (with present stem "-b-" and past stem "-bû-") and -- adding an "i-" prefix before them: "i-b-im", "i-bû-m", "i-bû-me", "i-bû-ma". -- This "i-" varies according to the final letter of the verb stem. -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── local function normalize_i(stem) local prfx_i = "i" if mw.ustring.match(stem, "ya$") or mw.ustring.match(stem, "[îû]$") then -- cf. karîn (-karî-) prfx_i = "" elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiou]$') then prfx_i = "yi" end return prfx_i end getEndings['ibim'] = function(self, stem) local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem) return { s1 = prfx_i .. "bim", p1 = prfx_i .. "bin", s2 = prfx_i .. "bî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bin", s3 = prfx_i .. "be", p3 = prfx_i .. "bin" } end getEndings['ibûm'] = function(self, stem) local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem) return { s1 = prfx_i .. "bûm", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûn", s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûn", s3 = prfx_i .. "bû", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûn" } end getEndings['ibûme'] = function(self, stem) local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem) return { s1 = prfx_i .. "bûme", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûne", s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyiye", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûne", s3 = prfx_i .. "bûye", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûne" } end getEndings['ibûma'] = function(self, stem) local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem) return { s1 = prfx_i .. "bûma", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûna", s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyayî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûna", s3 = prfx_i .. "bûya", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûna" } end -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -- Ind. perfect ending. -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── getEndings['ime'] = function(self, stem) local ends if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then ends = {s1="me", s2="yî", s3="ye", p1="ne", p2="ne", p3="ne"} else ends = {s1="ime", s2="iyî", s3="iye", p1="ine", p2="ine", p3="ine"} end return ends end -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -- Subj. Imperfect ending. -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── getEndings['ama'] = function(self, stem) local ends -- The doublet in "-iyan" of verbs in -"în" (gerîn/-geriya-, kenîn/-keniya-, ...), -- in the conditional and subjunctive moods, a doublet "yaya" appears; it's removed. -- -yayayî → -yayî; -yaya → -ya if mw.ustring.match(stem, '(ya)$') then ends = {s1="ma", s2="yî", s3="", p1="na", p2="na", p3="na"} elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then ends = {s1="ma", s2="yayî", s3="ya", p1="na", p2="na", p3="na"} else ends = {s1="ama", s2="ayî", s3="a", p1="ana", p2="ana", p3="ana"} end return ends end end -- ============================================================================= -- RULES FOR PREVERBS: "bi-" and "di-" -- There are two preverbs: "bi-" and "di-". These preverbs can change form -- depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem. -- ============================================================================= local getPreverb = {} do getPreverb['bi'] = function (opts) local opts = opts or {} local stem = opts.stem local verbStruct = opts.verbStruct local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi -- Preverb verbs don't use the preverb "bi-": ra-kirin (ez ê rakim), ve-xwarin (ez ê vexwim) , ... -- But compound verb and simple verbs use it: hez kirin (ez ê hez bi-kim), lê bigirin (ez ê lê bi-girim), ... if (verbStruct == 'preverbVerb') then return '' end if overrideBi then return overrideBi end -- if irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] end -- Modification of the preverbe "bi-" according to the last letter of the stem. if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[aeêiîouû]') then return 'b' end return 'bi' end getPreverb['di'] = function (opts) local opts = opts or {} local stem = opts.stem local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi if overrideDi then return overrideDi end -- if irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] end -- Modification of the preverbe "di-" according to the last letter of the stem. if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[ai]') then return 'd' end -- Ex. hatin : stem = -ê- // ez têm if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[êî]') then return 't' end return 'di' end end -- ============================================================================= -- RULES FOR NEGATION PREFIXES: "na-" and "ne-" -- There are two negation prefixes: "na-" and "ne-". These preverbs can change -- form depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem. -- ============================================================================= local getNegPrefix = {} do getNegPrefix['na'] = function (opts) local opts = opts or {} local stem = opts.stem local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa if overrideNa then return '<b>' .. overrideNa .. '</b>' end -- if irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] end -- Add sufix "-y" before certain vowels. if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then return '<b>nay</b>' end -- Elision before stems beginning with "a-" (removal of the final "-e"). if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then return '<b>n</b>' end -- Tîpa duyem "-a-" ye (k-a-rîn, z-a-nîn, ...) if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^%wa') then return '<b>ni</b>' end return '<b>na</b>' end getNegPrefix['ne'] = function (opts) local opts = opts or {} local stem = opts.stem local tenseName = opts.tenseName local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe if overrideNe then return '<b>' .. overrideNe .. '</b>' end -- if irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] end local negPrefix = 'ne' -- There are two forms of construction of the imperative, -- one with the prefix "me-" and the other with the prefix "ne-". if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then negPrefix = (impNegForm == 2) and 'ne' or 'me' end -- Add sufix "-y" before certain vowels. if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. 'y</b>' end -- Elision before stems beginning with "a-" (removal of the final "-e"). if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then negPreFix = mw.ustring.sub(negPrefix, 1, -2) return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. '</b>' end return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. '</b>' end end -- ============================================================================= -- Standardization of the PREVERBAL PARTICLE -- The proverbial particle "ê" is placed after the personal pronoun. -- ============================================================================= -- If there are no verbal preparticles, return empty table. local function getPreverbParticules(preverbParticle, typeStem, isTransitive) if not preverbParticle then return {s1='', s2='', s3='', p1='', p2='', p3=''} end if preverbParticle == 'ê' then local isErgative = isTransitive and (typeStem == 'past') -- When the personal pronoun ends in a vowel, a "y-" is added before "ê". -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: "min", "te", ... if isErgative then return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='yê/dê', p1='yê/dê', p2='yê/dê', p3='ê/dê'} else return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='ê/dê', p1='ê/dê', p2='ê/dê', p3='ê/dê'} end end -- If the verbal preparticle is identical for all pronouns, -- we create a table with the same value. local preverbParticles = {} for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do preverbParticles[pers] = preverbParticle end return preverbParticles end -- ============================================================================= -- RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING EACH VERB TENSE -- This table lists, for each verb tense, what elements are required to form it: -- - Verb conjugation is built by placing either the preverb "bi-" or "di-" before -- the verb stem (past or present), followed by a personal ending. -- - For the negative form, one of the prefixes "na-" or "ne-" is added as well. -- - In some cases, a preverbal particle such as /ê/ or /dê/ is added before -- the conjugated verb as well. -- Not: - The "negPreverb" (preverb (bi-/di-) for negative tenses) parameter has a -- value different from "nil" only for the Imperfect tense ("negPreverb=di"). -- - The parameter "negPrefix=na" is used only for the present indicative. -- -- Preverb "di", used in: "indPresent"(present stem), "indImperfect"(past stem) -- - Bo neyînî: pêşgira "di-" tenê di nav dema "IndImperfect" de tê bikaranîn. -- Preverb "bi", used in: "indFuture"(present stem), "subPresent"(present stem), -- "subImperfect"(past stem) = "condPresent"(past stem) -- - The prefix "bi-" isn't used in negative forms. -- -- Present stem, used in: "indPresent"(di)(na), -- "indFuture"(bi)(ne) = "subPresent"(bi)(ne) -- -- Past stem, used in: "indPreterite"(-)(ne), "indImperfect"(di)(ne), "indPluperfect"(-)(ne), -- "indPerfect"(-)(ne), "indNwPluperfect"(-)(ne), "indFuturePerfect"(-)(ne), -- "subPreterite"(-)(ne), -- "subImperfect"(bi)(ne) = "condPresent"(bi)(ne), -- "subPluperfect"(-)(ne) = "condPreterite"(-)(ne) -- ============================================================================= -- Some conjugations are identical except that they differ only in the preverbal particle (/ê/, /dê/). -- So, to avoid repeating the same information (and thus risking errors), -- we establish the common part shared between these verbs. local commonRules = { indFuture = { stem = "present", preverb = getPreverb['bi'], negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['present'] }, indFuturePerfect = { stem = "past", preverb = nil, negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['ibim'] }, subImperfect = { stem = "past", preverb = getPreverb['bi'], negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['ama'] }, subPluperfect = { stem = "past", preverb = nil, negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['ibûma'] } } local mt = { __index = function(t, k) local common = t._common if common then return common[k] end end } -- TENSE AND MOOD CLASSIFICATION TABLE export.tenseClassification = { -- IMPERATIVE MOOD impPresent = setmetatable({ name = "impPresent", nameKu = "raweya fermanî", nameEn = "present imperative", mode = "imperative", _common = commonRules.indFuture, preverbParticle = nil }, mt), -- INDICATIVE MOOD indPresent = { name = "indPresent", nameKu = "dema niha", nameEn = "present", mode = "indicative", stem = "present", preverb = getPreverb['di'], negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['na'], endings = getEndings['present'], preverbParticle = nil }, indPreterite = { name = "indPreterite", nameKu = "raboriya sade", nameEn = "simple past", mode = "indicative", stem = "past", preverb = nil, negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['past'], preverbParticle = nil }, indImperfect = { name = "indImperfect", nameKu = "raboriya berdest", nameEn = "Imperfect", mode = "indicative", stem = "past", preverb = getPreverb['di'], negPreverb = getPreverb['di'], negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['past'], preverbParticle = nil }, indPluperfect = { name = "indPluperfect", nameKu = "raboriya dûr", nameEn = "pluperfect", mode = "indicative", stem = "past", preverb = nil, negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['ibûm'], preverbParticle = nil }, indFuture = setmetatable({ name = "indFuture", nameKu = "dema bê", nameEn = "future", mode = "indicative", _common = commonRules.indFuture, preverbParticle = 'ê' }, mt), indFuturePerfect = setmetatable({ name = "indFuturePerfect", nameKu = "dahatiya pêş", nameEn = "future perfect", mode = "indicative", _common = commonRules.indFuturePerfect, preverbParticle = 'ê' }, mt), -- In some books, the "perfect" and "nonconfirmative pluperfect" tenses -- are classified in the "inferential mood" ("moda neşahidî"). -- Currently we classify them using the indicative mood (at the end). indPerfect = { name = "indPerfect", nameKu = "raboriya dûdar", nameEn = "perfect", mode = "indicative", stem = "past", preverb = nil, negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['ime'], preverbParticle = nil }, indNwPluperfect = { name = "indNwPluperfect", nameKu = "çîrokiya boriya dûdar", nameEn = "non-witnessed pluperfect", mode = "indicative", stem = "past", preverb = nil, negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['ibûme'], preverbParticle = nil }, -- SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD subjPresent = setmetatable({ name = "subjPresent", nameKu = "dema nihaya xwestekî", nameEn = "present subjunctive", mode = "subjunctive", _common = commonRules.indFuture, preverbParticle = nil }, mt), subjPreterite = setmetatable({ name = "subjPreterite", nameKu = "dema boriya xwestekî", nameEn = "preterite subjunctive", mode = "subjunctive", _common = commonRules.indFuturePerfect, preverbParticle = nil, }, mt), subjImperfect = setmetatable({ name = "subjImperfect", nameKu = "raboriya bilaniyê", nameEn = "imperfect subjunctive", mode = "subjunctive", _common = commonRules.subImperfect, preverbParticle = nil, }, mt), subjPluperfect = setmetatable({ name = "subjPluperfect", nameKu = "raboriya dûr a bilaniyê", nameEn = "pluperfect subjunctive", mode = "subjunctive", _common = commonRules.subPluperfect, preverbParticle = nil }, mt), -- CONDITIONAL MOOD condPresent = setmetatable({ name = "condPresent", nameKu = "çîrokiya dema nihaya mercî", nameEn = "present conditional", mode = "conditional", _common = commonRules.subImperfect, preverbParticle = 'ê' }, mt), condPreterite = setmetatable({ name = "condPreterite", nameKu = "dema boriya mercî", nameEn = "preterite conditional", mode = "conditional", _common = commonRules.subPluperfect, preverbParticle = 'ê' }, mt), } -- ============================================================================= -- MAIN CONJUGATION FUNCTOIN -- This function returns an array containing the conjugation table for a given -- tense as well as other information about the conjugated verb. -- ============================================================================= function export.conjugate(opts) opts = opts or {} -- Required parameters local tense = opts.tense or error("'tense' required", 2) --One of the two parameters is required: -- - If the tense uses the present stem, indicate "presentStem". -- - If it uses the past stem, indicate "pastStem". local presentStem = opts.presentStem local pastStem = opts.pastStem -- Optional parameters local isTransitive = opts.isTransitive or false -- Indicate if the verb is transitive (true/false) local isNegative = opts.isNegative or false -- Indicate if it's the negative form (true/false) local isCompoundVerb = opts.isCompoundVerb or false -- Indicate if it's a compound verb (true/false) local preSimpleVerb = opts.preSimpleVerb or '' -- The part before the simple verb local postSimpleVerb = opts.postSimpleVerb or '' -- The part after the simple verb -- These parameters are provided when the verb is irregular. -- Allows you to manually modify preverbs ("bi-"" or "di-") -- and negation prefixes ("na-" or "ne-") local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi or nil local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi or nil local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa or nil local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe or nil -- By default, the negation of the imperative is constructed from the prefix "me-"". -- To obtain the second variant, the prefix with "ne-", you must specify "impNegForm=2". local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm or nil -- Access to the classification table and retrieval of verb tense parameters local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') or false -- We check that this tense is indeed in table "tenseClassification". if (not infoTense) then return '<span style="color:red">Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'</span>' end -- We check that one of the two parameters of the stem is given if (infoTense.stem == 'present' and not presentStem) then return '<span style="color:red">presentStem parameter required</span>' elseif (infoTense.stem == 'past' and not pastStem) then return '<span style="color:red">pasttStem parameter required</span>' end -- Choice between the present stem or past stem local stem = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStem or pastStem --──────────────────────────── -- Conjugation construction -- -- ─────────────────────────── local preverb = '' local negPrefix = '' -- Ruturns the verb type: "simpleVerb" or "preverbVerb" or "compoundVerb" local verbStruct = export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb) if isNegative then negPrefix = infoTense.negPrefix{stem=stem, tenseName=tense, impNegForm=impNegForm, overrideNa=overrideNa, overrideNe=overrideNe} if infoTense.negPreverb then preverb = infoTense.negPreverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct, overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi} end else if infoTense.preverb then preverb = infoTense.preverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct, overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi} end end infoTense.conj = {} local spacing = isCompoundVerb and ' ' or '' local endings = infoTense:endings(stem) local preverbParticles = getPreverbParticules(infoTense.preverbParticle, infoTense.stem, isTransitive) local isErgative = isTransitive and (infoTense.stem == 'past') -- Creating the conjugation table for a given tense for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do local ending = '' local conjSimbleVerb = '' local conjVerb = '' if isErgative then ending = endings.s3 else ending = endings[pers] end -- Adding space after the preverbal particle local preverbParticle = preverbParticles[pers] if preverbParticle ~= '' then preverbParticle = preverbParticle .. ' ' end conjSimbleVerb = negPrefix .. preverb .. stem .. ending -- Adding prefixe and suffixe conjVerb = preSimpleVerb .. spacing .. conjSimbleVerb .. postSimpleVerb -- Spelling correction(îy -> iy) conjVerb = mw.ustring.gsub(conjVerb, 'îy', 'iy') -- Add a link conjVerb = link{term=conjVerb, lang=langKu} -- Addition of the preverbal particle infoTense.conj[pers] = preverbParticle .. conjVerb end -- Imperative if (infoTense.name == 'impPresent') then infoTense.conj.s1 = nil infoTense.conj.s2 = infoTense.conj.s3 infoTense.conj.s3 = nil infoTense.conj.p1 = nil --infoTense.conj.p2 = infoTense.conj.p2 infoTense.conj.p3 = nil end return infoTense end -- ============================================================================= -- END -- ============================================================================= -- Some useful tools -- ============================================================================= -- Returns the list of verb tenses export.tensesList = function() local list = {} for _, tense in pairs(export.tenseClassification) do table.insert(list, tense.name) end return list end -- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs -- (for a given conjugate tense in all persons of that tense) function export.concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjVerbs) local concatTab = {} for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do concatTab[pers] = pronoms[pers] .. ' ' .. conjVerbs[pers] end return concatTab end -- ============================================================================= -- ADDITIONAL STEM OF THE PAST AND PRESENT (pastStem2, ... and presentStem2, ...) -- This function does nothing more than add additional parameters for verb stems -- in the past and present tenses. -- Conjugations for the different stems will be separated by "/" -- ============================================================================= function export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems) local opts = baseOpts or {} opts.tense = tense or nil local presentStems = presentStems or {} local pastStems = pastStems or {} local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') or false -- We check that this tense is indeed in table "tenseClassification". if not infoTense then return '<span style="color:red">Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'</span>' end local stems = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStems or pastStems -- For each verb stem, its conjugation table is calculated and stored in conjTabs. local conjTabs = {} for i = 1, #stems do if stems[i] then if (infoTense.stem == 'past') then opts.pastStem = stems[i] end if (infoTense.stem == 'present') then opts.presentStem = stems[i] end local conj = export.conjugate(opts).conj table.insert(conjTabs, conj) end end -- We concatenate each row of the conjugation tables. local concatConjTabs = {} for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do local frag = {} for i = 1, #conjTabs do local val = conjTabs[i][pers] if val then table.insert(frag, tostring(val)) end end concatConjTabs[pers] = table.concat(frag, " / ") end infoTense.conj = concatConjTabs return infoTense end -- ==================================================================================== -- VERB CONUGATION IN ALL TENSES WITH PRONOUMS -- ==================================================================================== function export.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, negation, concatPrs) local opts = baseOpts or {} if negation == 'negative' then opts.isNegative = true end -- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs local concatPronomsVerbs = export.concatPronomsVerbs -- Tenses list local tensesList = export.tensesList() -- Conjugation in all tenses local conjTab = {} for _, tense in ipairs(tensesList) do local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') -- We create the conjugation table without the pronouns. conjTab[tense] = deepCopy(export.conjugateLong(opts, tense, presentStems, pastStems), 'copy') -- We concatenate the pronouns and the verbs if "concatPrs" is different of "false" -- (no pronoun for the imperative mood) if (tense ~= 'impPresent' and concatPrs ~= false) then local pronoms = deepCopy(export.conjPronouns(infoTense.stem, infoTense.mode, opts.isTransitive)) conjTab[tense].conj = concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjTab[tense].conj) end end return conjTab end -- ==================================================================================== -- Allows you to obtain a given conjugation from a model. -- Ex. in the template: {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=s1}} -- See {{ku-tewîn-lk-niha}} -- ==================================================================================== function export.tew(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local baseOpts = { isNegative = frame.args['neyînî'] or false, isTransitive = args['form'], isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false, preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or nil, postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil, overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil, overrideDi = args['di'] or nil, overrideNa = args['na'] or nil, overrideNe = args['na'] or nil, impNegForm = nil } local tense = frame.args['dem'] or nil local pers = frame.args['kes'] or nil local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']} local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']} -- A few checks if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then baseOpts.isTransitive = true elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then baseOpts.isTransitive = false else return '<span style="color:red">form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz</span>' end if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true else baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false end if (baseOpts.isNegative == 'erê') then baseOpts.isNegative = true end local tabConj = export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems).conj return tabConj[pers] end -- ==================================================================================== -- GET COMMMA SEPARED FORMS -- ==================================================================================== function export.get_comma_separated_forms(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local opts = { presentStem = frame.args['niha'], pastStem = frame.args['borî'], isTransitive = false, isNegative = false, isCompoundVerb = frame['valahî'] or false, preSimpleVerb = frame['pêşgir'] or '', postSimpleVerb = frame['paşgir'] or '', overrideBi = frame['bi'] or nil, overrideDi = frame['di'] or nil, overrideNa = frame['na'] or nil, overrideNe = frame['na'] or nil, impNegForm = nil, } local function removeTags(tag) tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '%[%[(.+)%|(.+)%]%]', '%2') tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '<b>(.+)</b>', '%1') tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '<span(.*)>(.*)</span>', '%2') return tag end local function concateList(tenseList) local concatList = {} for _, pers in ipairs({"s1", "s2", "s3", "p1"}) do tense = removeTags(tenseList[pers]) -- Remove tags table.insert(concatList, tense) end return table.concat(concatList, ",") end local tenseList = {'indPresent','indPreterite','indImperfect', 'indPluperfect','indPerfect','indNwPluperfect', 'indFuture','indFuturePerfect', 'subjImperfect','subjPluperfect' } local concatAllTense = {} for i = 1, #tenseList do local tense = tenseList[i] if export.tenseClassification[tense] then opts.tense = tense local conj = shallowCopy(export.conjugate(opts).conj) local concatTense = concateList(conj) table.insert(concatAllTense, concatTense) end end return table.concat(concatAllTense, ",") end return export 1zfi8vlm4vl250veo45173pia5jj2bi Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo 828 628615 6236086 6236076 2026-05-26T19:03:13Z Ghybu 1393 6236086 Scribunto text/plain local conj = require('Modul:ku-tewandin') local export = {} function export.tablo(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local baseOpts = { isTransitive = args['form'], isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false, preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or '', postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or '', overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil, overrideDi = args['di'] or nil, overrideNa = args['na'] or nil, overrideNe = args['ne'] or nil, impNegForm = nil } local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']} local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']} if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then baseOpts.isTransitive = true elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then baseOpts.isTransitive = false else return '<span style="color:red">form = gerghuhêz / negerguhêz</span>' end if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true else baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false end -- Conjugation table in all tenses local conjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems) -- Negatives conjugations table local negConjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, 'negative') -- Creation of internal conjugation tables for the different tenses -- First, create the table header. local function tableHeader(tense) local header = '\n! colspan="2" id="' .. conjTab[tense].name .. '"' .. 'class="' .. conjTab[tense].stem .. '-stem tense-table-title" |' .. conjTab[tense].nameKu .. '- <small><i>-{'.. conjTab[tense].nameEn ..'}-</i></small>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n! class="negative" | Erênî' .. '\n! class="positive" | Neyînî' .. '\n|-' return header end -- We combine the header and the body to create the final table local function conjugateTable(tense) local tabHeader = tableHeader(tense) local tabBody = '' for _, pers in ipairs(conj.order) do tabBody = tabBody .. '\n|' .. conjTab[tense].conj[pers] .. '\n|' .. negConjTab[tense].conj[pers] .. '\n|-' end local tab = '\n{| cellpadding="2" class="tense-table"' .. '\n|-' .. tabHeader .. tabBody .. '\n|}' return tab end --Retrieving some parameters for creating the main table header local verb = args[1] local transitivity = args['form'] local preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or '' local postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or '' -- Cureyê lêkerê local verbStruc = conj.verbStruct(baseOpts.isCompoundVerb, baseOpts.preSimpleVerb) if (verbStruc == 'preverbVerb') then verbStruc = 'pêkhatî' elseif (verbStruc == 'compoundVerb') then verbStruc = 'hevedudanî' else verbStruc = 'xwerû' end local prsStemsFormat = {} for _, stem in ipairs(presentStems) do if stem then prsStemsFormat[#prsStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end end local pstStemsFormat = {} for _, stem in ipairs(pastStems) do if stem then pstStemsFormat[#pstStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end end local prsStems = table.concat(prsStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb local pstStems = table.concat(pstStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb return '{| align="center" class="conj-table"' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" class="title" | Tewandina lêkera [[' .. verb .. ']]<br><span style="font-weight:normal;">(' .. verbStruc .. ', ' .. transitivity .. ')</span>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n! colspan="2" class="present-stem" | Rehê dema niha' .. '\n! colspan="6" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center; border-bottom:dotted 1px grey;" | ' .. prsStems .. '\n|-' .. '\n! colspan="2" class="past-stem" | Rehê dema borî' .. '\n! colspan="6" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center;" | ' .. pstStems .. '\n|-' .. '\n|' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" id="imp" class="mood" | Raweya fermanî - <small><i>Imperative</i></small>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" valign="top" | ' .. '\n{| cellpadding="2" class="tense-table"' .. '\n|-' .. '\n! class="negative" | Erênî' .. '\n! class="positive" | Neyînî' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(tû)</span> ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.s2 .. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(tû)</span> ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.s2 .. '\n|-' .. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(hûn)</span> ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.p2 .. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(hûn)</span> ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.p2 ..'\n|}' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" id="ind" class="mood" | Raweya pêşkerî - <small><i>Indicative</i></small>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPresent') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPreterite') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indImperfect') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPluperfect') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuture') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuturePerfect') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPerfect') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indNCPluperfect') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" id="subj" class="mood" | Raweya xwestekî - <small><i>Subjunctive</i></small>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subPresent') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subPreterite') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subImperfect') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subPluperfect') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" id="cond" class="mood" | Raweya mercî - <small><i>Conditional</i></small>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('condPresent') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('condPreterite') .. '\n|}' end return export 7p6z4aojjbapjmlqkphwbhl3l5cjc07 6236087 6236086 2026-05-26T19:18:27Z Ghybu 1393 6236087 Scribunto text/plain local conj = require('Modul:ku-tewandin') local export = {} function export.tablo(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local baseOpts = { isTransitive = args['form'], isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false, preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or '', postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or '', overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil, overrideDi = args['di'] or nil, overrideNa = args['na'] or nil, overrideNe = args['ne'] or nil, impNegForm = nil } local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']} local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']} if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then baseOpts.isTransitive = true elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then baseOpts.isTransitive = false else return '<span style="color:red">form = gerghuhêz / negerguhêz</span>' end if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true else baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false end -- Conjugation table in all tenses local conjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems) -- Negatives conjugations table local negConjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, 'negative') -- Creation of internal conjugation tables for the different tenses local function conjugateTable(tense) -- First, create the table header. local tabHeader = '\n! colspan="2" id="' .. conjTab[tense].name .. '"' .. 'class="' .. conjTab[tense].stem .. '-stem tense-table-title" |' .. conjTab[tense].nameKu .. '- <small><i>-{'.. conjTab[tense].nameEn ..'}-</i></small>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n! class="negative" | Erênî' .. '\n! class="positive" | Neyînî' .. '\n|-' -- Create the table body. local tabBody = '' for _, pers in ipairs(conj.order) do tabBody = tabBody .. '\n|' .. conjTab[tense].conj[pers] .. '\n|' .. negConjTab[tense].conj[pers] .. '\n|-' end -- Create the table (header + body). local tab = '\n{| cellpadding="2" class="tense-table"' .. '\n|-' .. tabHeader .. tabBody .. '\n|}' return tab end --Retrieving some parameters for creating the main table header local verb = args[1] local transitivity = args['form'] local preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or '' local postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or '' -- Cureyê lêkerê local verbStruc = conj.verbStruct(baseOpts.isCompoundVerb, baseOpts.preSimpleVerb) if (verbStruc == 'preverbVerb') then verbStruc = 'pêkhatî' elseif (verbStruc == 'compoundVerb') then verbStruc = 'hevedudanî' else verbStruc = 'xwerû' end local prsStemsFormat = {} for _, stem in ipairs(presentStems) do if stem then prsStemsFormat[#prsStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end end local pstStemsFormat = {} for _, stem in ipairs(pastStems) do if stem then pstStemsFormat[#pstStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end end local prsStems = table.concat(prsStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb local pstStems = table.concat(pstStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb return '{| align="center" class="conj-table"' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" class="title" | Tewandina lêkera [[' .. verb .. ']]<br><span style="font-weight:normal;">(' .. verbStruc .. ', ' .. transitivity .. ')</span>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n! colspan="2" class="present-stem" | Rehê dema niha' .. '\n! colspan="6" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center; border-bottom:dotted 1px grey;" | ' .. prsStems .. '\n|-' .. '\n! colspan="2" class="past-stem" | Rehê dema borî' .. '\n! colspan="6" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center;" | ' .. pstStems .. '\n|-' .. '\n|' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" id="imp" class="mood" | Raweya fermanî - <small><i>Imperative</i></small>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" valign="top" | ' .. '\n{| cellpadding="2" class="tense-table"' .. '\n|-' .. '\n! class="negative" | Erênî' .. '\n! class="positive" | Neyînî' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(tû)</span> ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.s2 .. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(tû)</span> ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.s2 .. '\n|-' .. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(hûn)</span> ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.p2 .. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(hûn)</span> ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.p2 ..'\n|}' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" id="ind" class="mood" | Raweya pêşkerî - <small><i>Indicative</i></small>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPresent') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPreterite') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indImperfect') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPluperfect') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuture') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuturePerfect') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPerfect') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indNCPluperfect') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" id="subj" class="mood" | Raweya xwestekî - <small><i>Subjunctive</i></small>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subPresent') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subPreterite') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subImperfect') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subPluperfect') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" id="cond" class="mood" | Raweya mercî - <small><i>Conditional</i></small>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('condPresent') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('condPreterite') .. '\n|}' end return export rpcz8xtrle9wm1porr26pkps4l059na 6236091 6236087 2026-05-26T20:19:26Z Ghybu 1393 6236091 Scribunto text/plain local conj = require('Modul:ku-tewandin') local export = {} function export.tablo(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local baseOpts = { isTransitive = args['form'], isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false, preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or '', postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or '', overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil, overrideDi = args['di'] or nil, overrideNa = args['na'] or nil, overrideNe = args['ne'] or nil, impNegForm = nil } local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']} local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']} if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then baseOpts.isTransitive = true elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then baseOpts.isTransitive = false else return '<span style="color:red">form = gerghuhêz / negerguhêz</span>' end if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true else baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false end -- Conjugation table in all tenses local conjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems) -- Negatives conjugations table local negConjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, 'negative') -- Creation of internal conjugation tables for the different tenses local function conjugateTable(tense) -- First, create the table header. local tabHeader = '\n! colspan="2" id="' .. conjTab[tense].name .. '"' .. 'class="' .. conjTab[tense].stem .. '-stem tense-table-title" |' .. conjTab[tense].nameKu .. '- <small><i>-{'.. conjTab[tense].nameEn ..'}-</i></small>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n! class="negative" | Erênî' .. '\n! class="positive" | Neyînî' .. '\n|-' -- Create the table body. local tabBody = '' for _, pers in ipairs(conj.order) do tabBody = tabBody .. '\n|' .. conjTab[tense].conj[pers] .. '\n|' .. negConjTab[tense].conj[pers] .. '\n|-' end -- Create the table (header + body). local tab = '\n{| cellpadding="2" class="tense-table"' .. '\n|-' .. tabHeader .. tabBody .. '\n|}' return tab end --Retrieving some parameters for creating the main table header local verb = args[1] local transitivity = args['form'] local preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or '' local postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or '' -- Cureyê lêkerê local verbStruc = conj.verbStruct(baseOpts.isCompoundVerb, baseOpts.preSimpleVerb) if (verbStruc == 'preverbVerb') then verbStruc = 'pêkhatî' elseif (verbStruc == 'compoundVerb') then verbStruc = 'hevedudanî' else verbStruc = 'xwerû' end local prsStemsFormat = {} for _, stem in ipairs(presentStems) do if stem then prsStemsFormat[#prsStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end end local pstStemsFormat = {} for _, stem in ipairs(pastStems) do if stem then pstStemsFormat[#pstStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end end local prsStems = table.concat(prsStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb local pstStems = table.concat(pstStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb return '{| align="center" class="conj-table"' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" class="title" | Tewandina lêkera [[' .. verb .. ']]<br><span style="font-weight:normal;">(' .. verbStruc .. ', ' .. transitivity .. ')</span>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n! colspan="2" class="present-stem" | Rehê dema niha' .. '\n! colspan="6" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center; border-bottom:dotted 1px grey;" | ' .. prsStems .. '\n|-' .. '\n! colspan="2" class="past-stem" | Rehê dema borî' .. '\n! colspan="6" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center;" | ' .. pstStems .. '\n|-' .. '\n|' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" id="imp" class="mood" | Raweya fermanî - <small><i>Imperative</i></small>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" valign="top" | ' .. '\n{| cellpadding="2" class="tense-table"' .. '\n|-' .. '\n! class="negative" | Erênî' .. '\n! class="positive" | Neyînî' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(tû)</span> ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.s2 .. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(tû)</span> ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.s2 .. '\n|-' .. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(hûn)</span> ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.p2 .. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(hûn)</span> ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.p2 ..'\n|}' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" id="ind" class="mood" | Raweya pêşkerî - <small><i>Indicative</i></small>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPresent') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPreterite') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indImperfect') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPluperfect') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuture') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuturePerfect') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPerfect') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indNwPluperfect') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" id="subj" class="mood" | Raweya xwestekî - <small><i>Subjunctive</i></small>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subPresent') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subPreterite') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subImperfect') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subPluperfect') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" id="cond" class="mood" | Raweya mercî - <small><i>Conditional</i></small>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('condPresent') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('condPreterite') .. '\n|}' end return export maz2qhcfohtet58xdg80199w72qsrw3 6236180 6236091 2026-05-27T06:17:50Z Ghybu 1393 sub. --> subj. 6236180 Scribunto text/plain local conj = require('Modul:ku-tewandin') local export = {} function export.tablo(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local baseOpts = { isTransitive = args['form'], isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false, preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or '', postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or '', overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil, overrideDi = args['di'] or nil, overrideNa = args['na'] or nil, overrideNe = args['ne'] or nil, impNegForm = nil } local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']} local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']} if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then baseOpts.isTransitive = true elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then baseOpts.isTransitive = false else return '<span style="color:red">form = gerghuhêz / negerguhêz</span>' end if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true else baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false end -- Conjugation table in all tenses local conjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems) -- Negatives conjugations table local negConjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, 'negative') -- Creation of internal conjugation tables for the different tenses local function conjugateTable(tense) -- First, create the table header. local tabHeader = '\n! colspan="2" id="' .. conjTab[tense].name .. '"' .. 'class="' .. conjTab[tense].stem .. '-stem tense-table-title" |' .. conjTab[tense].nameKu .. '- <small><i>-{'.. conjTab[tense].nameEn ..'}-</i></small>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n! class="negative" | Erênî' .. '\n! class="positive" | Neyînî' .. '\n|-' -- Create the table body. local tabBody = '' for _, pers in ipairs(conj.order) do tabBody = tabBody .. '\n|' .. conjTab[tense].conj[pers] .. '\n|' .. negConjTab[tense].conj[pers] .. '\n|-' end -- Create the table (header + body). local tab = '\n{| cellpadding="2" class="tense-table"' .. '\n|-' .. tabHeader .. tabBody .. '\n|}' return tab end --Retrieving some parameters for creating the main table header local verb = args[1] local transitivity = args['form'] local preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or '' local postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or '' -- Cureyê lêkerê local verbStruc = conj.verbStruct(baseOpts.isCompoundVerb, baseOpts.preSimpleVerb) if (verbStruc == 'preverbVerb') then verbStruc = 'pêkhatî' elseif (verbStruc == 'compoundVerb') then verbStruc = 'hevedudanî' else verbStruc = 'xwerû' end local prsStemsFormat = {} for _, stem in ipairs(presentStems) do if stem then prsStemsFormat[#prsStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end end local pstStemsFormat = {} for _, stem in ipairs(pastStems) do if stem then pstStemsFormat[#pstStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end end local prsStems = table.concat(prsStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb local pstStems = table.concat(pstStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb return '{| align="center" class="conj-table"' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" class="title" | Tewandina lêkera [[' .. verb .. ']]<br><span style="font-weight:normal;">(' .. verbStruc .. ', ' .. transitivity .. ')</span>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n! colspan="2" class="present-stem" | Rehê dema niha' .. '\n! colspan="6" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center; border-bottom:dotted 1px grey;" | ' .. prsStems .. '\n|-' .. '\n! colspan="2" class="past-stem" | Rehê dema borî' .. '\n! colspan="6" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center;" | ' .. pstStems .. '\n|-' .. '\n|' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" id="imp" class="mood" | Raweya fermanî - <small><i>Imperative</i></small>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" valign="top" | ' .. '\n{| cellpadding="2" class="tense-table"' .. '\n|-' .. '\n! class="negative" | Erênî' .. '\n! class="positive" | Neyînî' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(tû)</span> ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.s2 .. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(tû)</span> ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.s2 .. '\n|-' .. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(hûn)</span> ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.p2 .. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(hûn)</span> ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.p2 ..'\n|}' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" id="ind" class="mood" | Raweya pêşkerî - <small><i>Indicative</i></small>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPresent') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPreterite') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indImperfect') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPluperfect') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuture') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuturePerfect') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPerfect') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indNwPluperfect') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" id="subj" class="mood" | Raweya xwestekî - <small><i>Subjunctive</i></small>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPresent') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPreterite') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subjImperfect') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPluperfect') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" id="cond" class="mood" | Raweya mercî - <small><i>Conditional</i></small>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('condPresent') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('condPreterite') .. '\n|}' end return export qbalysa19xf18ldun2n8mr1lw68uvha 6236187 6236180 2026-05-27T06:44:45Z Ghybu 1393 6236187 Scribunto text/plain local conj = require('Modul:ku-tewandin') local export = {} function export.tablo(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local baseOpts = { isTransitive = args['form'], isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false, preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or '', postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or '', overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil, overrideDi = args['di'] or nil, overrideNa = args['na'] or nil, overrideNe = args['ne'] or nil, impNegForm = nil } local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']} local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']} if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then baseOpts.isTransitive = true elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then baseOpts.isTransitive = false else return '<span style="color:red">form = gerghuhêz / negerguhêz</span>' end if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true else baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false end -- Conjugation table in all tenses local conjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems) -- Negatives conjugations table local negConjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, 'negative') -- Creation of internal conjugation tables for the different tenses local function conjugateTable(tense) -- First, create the table header. local tabHeader = '\n! colspan="2" id="' .. conjTab[tense].name .. '"' .. 'class="' .. conjTab[tense].stem .. '-stem tense-table-title" |' .. conjTab[tense].nameKu .. '- <small><i>-{'.. conjTab[tense].nameEn ..'}-</i></small>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n! class="negative" | Erênî' .. '\n! class="positive" | Neyînî' .. '\n|-' -- Create the table body. local tabBody = '' for _, pers in ipairs(conj.order) do tabBody = tabBody .. '\n|' .. conjTab[tense].conj[pers] .. '\n|' .. negConjTab[tense].conj[pers] .. '\n|-' end -- Create the table (header + body). local tab = '\n{| cellpadding="2" class="tense-table"' .. '\n|-' .. tabHeader .. tabBody .. '\n|}' return tab end --Retrieving some parameters for creating the main table header local verb = args[1] local transitivity = args['form'] local preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or '' local postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or '' -- Cureyê lêkerê local verbStruc = conj.verbStruct(baseOpts.isCompoundVerb, baseOpts.preSimpleVerb) if (verbStruc == 'preverbVerb') then verbStruc = 'pêkhatî' elseif (verbStruc == 'compoundVerb') then verbStruc = 'hevedudanî' else verbStruc = 'xwerû' end local prsStemsFormat = {} for _, stem in ipairs(presentStems) do if stem then prsStemsFormat[#prsStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end end local pstStemsFormat = {} for _, stem in ipairs(pastStems) do if stem then pstStemsFormat[#pstStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end end local prsStems = table.concat(prsStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb local pstStems = table.concat(pstStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb return '{| align="center" class="conj-table"' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" class="title" | Tewandina lêkera [[' .. verb .. ']]<br><span style="font-weight:normal;">(' .. verbStruc .. ', ' .. transitivity .. ')</span>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n! colspan="2" class="present-stem" | Rehê dema niha' .. '\n! colspan="6" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center; border-bottom:dotted 1px grey;" | ' .. prsStems .. '\n|-' .. '\n! colspan="2" class="past-stem" | Rehê dema borî' .. '\n! colspan="6" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center;" | ' .. pstStems .. '\n|-' .. '\n|' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" id="imp" class="mood" | Raweya fermanî - <small><i>Imperative</i></small>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" valign="top" | ' .. '\n{| cellpadding="2" class="tense-table"' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="2" class="present-stem" style="border:1px dotted grey"| ' .. '\n|-' .. '\n! class="negative" | Erênî' .. '\n! class="positive" | Neyînî' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(tû)</span> ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.s2 .. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(tû)</span> ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.s2 .. '\n|-' .. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(hûn)</span> ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.p2 .. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(hûn)</span> ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.p2 ..'\n|}' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" id="ind" class="mood" | Raweya pêşkerî - <small><i>Indicative</i></small>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPresent') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPreterite') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indImperfect') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPluperfect') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuture') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuturePerfect') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPerfect') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indNwPluperfect') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" id="subj" class="mood" | Raweya xwestekî - <small><i>Subjunctive</i></small>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPresent') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPreterite') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subjImperfect') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPluperfect') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" id="cond" class="mood" | Raweya mercî - <small><i>Conditional</i></small>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('condPresent') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('condPreterite') .. '\n|}' end return export lpv5plvr6xtdxrcvxyg0zt1x2gx4dd6 Gotûbêja modulê:ku-tewandin 829 628996 6236094 6236069 2026-05-26T21:41:27Z Ghybu 1393 /* Ergatîvî */ Bersiv 6236094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{arşîvkirin|1= * [[Gotûbêja modulê:ku-tewandin/arşîv 1|Arşîv 1]] }} == Ergatîvî == ; Lêkera ''[[Tewandin:kirin#indPreterite|kirin]]'' (dema borî): {| class="wikitable" |+ {{reng2|green|Biker}} + Berkar {{nobold|(bireser/obje)}} + lêkera tewandî |- ! {{reng2|green|Biker}} \ Berkar !! ez !! tu !! ew/– !! em !! hûn !! ew |- ! {{reng2|green|min}} | <u>xwe</u> kirim || kirî || style="background-color:#FFF9E0"| kir || kirin || kirin || kirin |- ! {{reng2|green|te}} | kirim || <u>xwe</u> kirî || style="background-color:#FFF9E0"| kir || kirin || kirin || kirin |- ! {{reng2|green|wê/wî}} | kirim || kirî || style="background-color:#FFF9E0"| <u>xwe</u>/– kir || kirin || kirin || kirin |- ! {{reng2|green|me}} | kirim || kirî || style="background-color:#FFF9E0"| kir || <u>xwe</u> kirin || kirin || kirin |- ! {{reng2|green|we}} | kirim || kirî || style="background-color:#FFF9E0"| kir || kirin || <u>xwe</u> kirin || kirin |- ! {{reng2|green|wan}} | kirim || kirî || style="background-color:#FFF9E0"| kir || kirin || kirin || <u>xwe</u> kirin |} * <u>Xwandina tabloyê</u> ({{reng2|green|Bik.}} + '''Berk.''' + ''L''): *:stûn1 ('''Berk.'''=ez): {{reng2|green|min}} '''ez''' <u>xwe</u> kirim; {{reng2|green|te}} '''ez''' kirim; {{reng2|green|wê/wî}} '''ez''' kirim; {{reng2|green|me}} '''ez''' kirim; {{reng2|green|we}} '''ez''' kirim; {{reng2|green|hûn}} '''ez''' kirim *:stûn2 ('''Berk.'''=tu): {{reng2|green|min}} '''tu''' kirî; {{reng2|green|te}} '''tu''' <u>xwe</u> kirî; {{reng2|green|wê/wî}} '''tu''' kirî; {{reng2|green|me}} '''tu''' kirî; ... *:stûn3 ('''Berk.'''=ew/–): {{reng2|green|min}} '''(ew)''' kir; {{reng2|green|te}} '''(ew)''' kir; {{reng2|green|wê/wî}} '''(ew <u>xwe</u>)''' kir; {{reng2|green|me}} '''(ew)''' kir; ... *: ... Silav, em tewandinên lêkerên gerguhêz wekî tabloya jor tevlî Tabloya tewandinê ([[Tewandin:kirin]]) bikin? {{ping|Ferhengvan|Bikarhêner|Keyomerd}} [[Bikarhêner:Ghybu|Ghybu]] ([[Gotûbêja bikarhêner:Ghybu|gotûbêj]]) 23:21, 11 gulan 2026 (UTC) :Ê min ket serê min. Lê min beşên ko "xwe" dihewînin fam nekir. Divê bo nimûne "min xwe kir" be, an jî "min ez kirim" be lê jixwe tiştekî werê jî tune ye. [[Bikarhêner:Keyomerd|Keyomerd]] ([[Gotûbêja bikarhêner:Keyomerd|gotûbêj]]) 08:36, 12 gulan 2026 (UTC) ::Bi vî awayî? {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" style=" border-collapse:collapse;" align=center |+ {{{ser|}}} |-style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey; border-top:solid 1px grey;" !id="11" colspan="2" bgcolor=#FFFFE0|[[Pêvek:Rastnivîsî/Lêker/Dema niha|Dema niha]] - <small>''Present''</small> !colspan="4" bgcolor=#ececff|[[Pêvek:Rastnivîsî/Lêker/Dema borî ya sade|Raboriya sade]] - <small>''Preterite''</small><br><small>Dema boriya têdeyî</small> |- |bgcolor=#F4F4F4|Erênî |bgcolor=#F4F4F4|Neyînî |bgcolor=#e9e9e9|{{reng2|green|Biker}} |bgcolor=#e9e9e9|{{reng2|blue|Berkar}} |bgcolor=#F4F4F4|Erênî |bgcolor=#F4F4F4|Neyînî |- |ez dikim |ez '''na'''kim |{{reng2|green|te, wî/wê, we, wan}} |{{reng2|blue|ez}} |kirim |'''ne'''kirim |- |tu dikî |tu '''na'''kî |{{reng2|green|min, wî/wê, me, wan}} |{{reng2|blue|tu}} |kirî |'''ne'''kirî |- |ew dike |ew '''na'''ke |{{reng2|green|min, te, wî/wê, me, we, wan}} |{{reng2|blue|ew}} |kir |'''ne'''kir |- |em dikin |em '''na'''kin |{{reng2|green|te, wî/wê, we, wan}} |{{reng2|blue|em}} |kirin |'''ne'''kirin |- |hûn dikin |hûn '''na'''kin |{{reng2|green|min, wî/wê, me, wan}} |{{reng2|blue|hûn}} |kirin |'''ne'''kirin |- |ew dikin |ew '''na'''kin |{{reng2|green|min, te, wî/wê, me, we, wan}} |{{reng2|blue|ew}} |kirin |'''ne'''kirin |} ::--[[Bikarhêner:Ghybu|Ghybu]] ([[Gotûbêja bikarhêner:Ghybu|gotûbêj]]) 15:26, 20 gulan 2026 (UTC) :::{{silav|Bikarhêner}}. Tu dikarî van rûpelan çêkî: :::* [//ku.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Bikarh%C3%AAner:Ghybu/common.js&oldid=6236001] → tevlî [[MediaWiki:Gadget-kuTewandin.js]] bike :::* <code><nowiki>Stûna bikerê (bireser/obje) di [[Şablon:ku-tewandin|tabloya tewandinê]] de berfire dike.</nowiki></code> → [[MediaWiki:Gadget-kuTewandin]] :::* <code><nowiki>* kuTewandin[ResourceLoader|default]|kuTewandin.js</nowiki></code> → tevlî beşa "Rû" ([[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition#Rû]]) bike. :::* '''Encam''': [[Wîkîferheng:ceribandin]] / herwiha rûyê mobîlê û moda tarî jî hatin guherandin... :::Spas! [[Bikarhêner:Ghybu|Ghybu]] ([[Gotûbêja bikarhêner:Ghybu|gotûbêj]]) 19:25, 24 gulan 2026 (UTC) ::::Çêbû? -- [[Bikarhêner:Bikarhêner|Bikarhêner]] ([[Gotûbêja bikarhêner:Bikarhêner|gotûbêj]]) 09:25, 25 gulan 2026 (UTC) :::::Vêga çêbû? -- [[Bikarhêner:Bikarhêner|Bikarhêner]] ([[Gotûbêja bikarhêner:Bikarhêner|gotûbêj]]) 17:54, 25 gulan 2026 (UTC) ::::::{{çêbû}} Spas! [[Bikarhêner:Ghybu|Ghybu]] ([[Gotûbêja bikarhêner:Ghybu|gotûbêj]]) 19:50, 25 gulan 2026 (UTC) :::::::Yên din (her dukên pêşîyê, eger bêkêr bin) jê bibim? -- [[Bikarhêner:Bikarhêner|Bikarhêner]] ([[Gotûbêja bikarhêner:Bikarhêner|gotûbêj]]) 22:24, 25 gulan 2026 (UTC) ::::::::Erê, jê bibe. Spas! [[Bikarhêner:Ghybu|Ghybu]] ([[Gotûbêja bikarhêner:Ghybu|gotûbêj]]) 21:41, 26 gulan 2026 (UTC) an3nsisvw6saqm1m56gkcqc0wbfmxue dirûman 0 805342 6236095 6211139 2026-05-26T22:33:46Z Ghybu 1393 /* Navdêr */ 6236095 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{IPA|ku|/dɪɾuːˈmɑːn/}} * {{ku-kîte}} === Navdêr === {{ku-tewîn-nav|dirûman|mê}} {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # [[xebat|Xebat]]a [[dirûn]]ê, [[kar]]ê [[dirûn]]ê #: {{hevmane|ku|xeyat|terzî|cildirû}} #: {{mk|ku|'''Dirûmana''' vê cilkê gelek cindî ye.}} #: {{mk|ku|Dirûvan pê derzî '''dirûmanê''' dike.}} ==== Herwiha ==== * {{hw|ku|dirûnkar}} * {{hw|ku|dirûvan}} * {{hw|ku|dirwar}} ==== Etîmolojî ==== {{bêetîmolojî}} ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W|fa|دوخت}}, {{W|fa|دوزندگی}} {{werger-bin}} by9eh7xl6s10di8gsvl88mrudz31gmb 6236096 6236095 2026-05-26T22:35:04Z Ghybu 1393 Guhartoya [[Special:Diff/6236095|6236095]] yê [[Special:Contributions/Ghybu|Ghybu]] ([[User talk:Ghybu|gotûbêj]]) şûnde kir 6236096 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{IPA|ku|/dɪɾuːˈmɑːn/}} * {{ku-kîte}} === Navdêr === {{ku-tewîn-nav|dirûman|mê}} {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # [[xebat|Xebat]]a [[dirûn]]ê, [[kar]]ê [[dirûn]]ê #: '''''Dirûmana''' vê cilkê gelek cindî ye.'' #: ''Dirûvan pê derzî '''dirûmanê''' dike.'' ==== Etîmolojî ==== {{bêetîmolojî}} ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W|fa|دوخت}}, {{W|fa|دوزندگی}} {{werger-bin}} am0cjgtackji22bpipki8ic8ljjav4o 6236115 6236096 2026-05-27T01:48:41Z Ghybu 1393 /* Etîmolojî */ 6236115 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{IPA|ku|/dɪɾuːˈmɑːn/}} * {{ku-kîte}} === Navdêr === {{ku-tewîn-nav|dirûman|mê}} {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # [[xebat|Xebat]]a [[dirûn]]ê, [[kar]]ê [[dirûn]]ê #: '''''Dirûmana''' vê cilkê gelek cindî ye.'' #: ''Dirûvan pê derzî '''dirûmanê''' dike.'' ==== Etîmolojî ==== {{bêetîmolojî}} ==== Bi zaravayên din ==== * Soranî: {{W-|ckb|دروومان}} ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W|fa|دوخت}}, {{W|fa|دوزندگی}} {{werger-bin}} buxt4lvany688kzaxo6iqrxhtw1k6x2 6236116 6236115 2026-05-27T01:53:36Z Ghybu 1393 /* Navdêr */ 6236116 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{IPA|ku|/dɪɾuːˈmɑːn/}} * {{ku-kîte}} === Navdêr === {{ku-tewîn-nav|dirûman|mê}} {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # [[xebat|Xebat]]a [[dirûn]]ê, [[kar]]ê [[dirûn]]ê #: {{mk|ku|'''Dirûmana''' vê cilkê gelek cindî ye.}} #: {{mk|ku|Dirûvan pê derzî '''dirûmanê''' dike.}} ==== Binêre herwiha ==== {{kol3|ku|dirûvan|xeyat|terzî|cildirû|dirwar|dirûnkar}} ==== Etîmolojî ==== {{bêetîmolojî}} ==== Bi zaravayên din ==== * Soranî: {{W-|ckb|دروومان}}, {{W-|ckb|خەیاتی}} ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W|fa|دوخت}}, {{W|fa|دوزندگی}} {{werger-bin}} 6jrrke0dyxwjkhx7p8re8p7y02cnxoq 6236117 6236116 2026-05-27T01:57:11Z Ghybu 1393 /* Etîmolojî */ 6236117 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{IPA|ku|/dɪɾuːˈmɑːn/}} * {{ku-kîte}} === Navdêr === {{ku-tewîn-nav|dirûman|mê}} {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # [[xebat|Xebat]]a [[dirûn]]ê, [[kar]]ê [[dirûn]]ê #: {{mk|ku|'''Dirûmana''' vê cilkê gelek cindî ye.}} #: {{mk|ku|Dirûvan pê derzî '''dirûmanê''' dike.}} ==== Binêre herwiha ==== {{kol3|ku|dirûvan|xeyat|terzî|cildirû|dirwar|dirûnkar}} ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{q|ku|dirûn}}. {{bêetîmolojî}} ==== Bi zaravayên din ==== * Soranî: {{W-|ckb|دروومان}}, {{W-|ckb|خەیاتی}} ==== Werger ==== {{werger-ser}} * {{Z|fa}}: {{W|fa|دوخت}}, {{W|fa|دوزندگی}} {{werger-bin}} 7rwux93drcjwqvuquc7rzwn9bn78upb Branch 0 884123 6236082 4789403 2026-05-26T12:27:01Z Wikihez 7344 /* */ bi [[MediaWiki:Gadget-AjaxEdit.js|AjaxEdit]]ê re 6236082 wikitext text/x-wiki {{bnr-h|branch}} == {{ziman|en}} == === Serenav === {{serenav|en}} # {{paşnav|en}} de5fc03v1uiqa1nucms5j01h74bkh5l Şablon:ku-tewandin/style.css 10 1325186 6236163 6236073 2026-05-27T04:46:06Z Ghybu 1393 6236163 sanitized-css text/css /* [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]] */ .conj-table { background-color: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; } .conj-table th, .conj-table td { padding: 3px; } .conj-table a.new { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; } .conj-table .title { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background-color: #FFCC99; border-top: 1px solid grey; border-bottom: 1px solid grey; } .tense-table { width: 100%; background-color: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; } .tense-table-title { border-top: solid 1px grey; border-bottom: solid 1px grey; } .tense-table-title:target { background-color: #d9ebff; } .mood { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background-color: #FFDCA8; border-bottom: solid 1px grey; border-top: solid 1px grey; } .negative, .positive { background-color: #F4F4F4; color: gray; text-align: left; } .present-stem { background-color: #FFFFE0; } .past-stem { background-color: #ECECFF; } .particle { float:right; color: black; white-space: nowrap; } /* Dark mode */ html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .particle { color: white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .tense-table-title { border-bottom: solid 1px #211f39; border-top: solid 1px #211f39; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .negative, html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .positive { background-color: #211f39; color: #54595d; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .conj-table { background-color: #1a1a2a; color:white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .title { background-color: #2c2a4c; color: white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mood { background-color: #2c2a4c; color: white; border-bottom: solid 1px #e4e6f0; border-top: solid 1px #e4e6f0; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .present-stem { background-color: #ffd08c; color: black; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .past-stem { background-color: #b4a8ff; color: black; } /***** vertical lay-out on narrow screens, both desktop and mobile *****/ @media screen and ( max-width: 748px ) { .conj-table, .conj-table > tbody, .conj-table > tbody > tr, .conj-table > tbody > tr > td { display: block; width: 100% !important; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box; } .tense-table { display: table !important; 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color: black; } /***** vertical lay-out on narrow screens, both desktop and mobile *****/ @media screen and ( max-width: 748px ) { .conj-table, .conj-table > tbody, .conj-table > tbody > tr, .conj-table > tbody > tr > td { display: block; width: 100% !important; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box; } .tense-table { display: table !important; } } 0jpb5dn0h1zf1e7e3tlol810h4ohr9c 6236165 6236164 2026-05-27T04:53:09Z Ghybu 1393 6236165 sanitized-css text/css /* [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]] */ .conj-table { background-color: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; } .conj-table th, .conj-table td { padding: 3px; } .conj-table a.new { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; } .conj-table .title { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background-color: #FFCC99; border-top: 1px solid grey; border-bottom: 1px solid grey; } .tense-table { width: 100%; background-color: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; } .tense-table-title { border-top: solid 1px grey; 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color: white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mood { background-color: #2c2a4c; color: white; border-bottom: solid 1px #e4e6f0; border-top: solid 1px #e4e6f0; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .present-stem { background-color: #ffd08c; color: black; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .past-stem { background-color: #b4a8ff; color: black; } /***** vertical lay-out on narrow screens, both desktop and mobile *****/ @media screen and ( max-width: 748px ) { .conj-table, .conj-table > tbody, .conj-table > tbody > tr, .conj-table > tbody > tr > td { display: block; width: 100% !important; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box; } .tense-table { display: table !important; } } 2yfu0zwoilijuci6w6raq367vymvsly 6236166 6236165 2026-05-27T05:00:46Z Ghybu 1393 6236166 sanitized-css text/css /* [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]] */ .conj-table { background-color: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; } .conj-table th, .conj-table td { padding: 3px; } .conj-table a.new { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; } .conj-table .title { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background-color: #FFCC99; border-top: 1px solid grey; border-bottom: 1px solid grey; } .tense-table { width: 100%; background-color: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; } .tense-table-title { border-top: solid 1px grey; border-bottom: solid 1px grey; } .present-stem.tense-table-title:target { background-color: #f59d; } .past-stem.tense-table-title:target { background-color: #fff59d; } .mood { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background-color: #FFDCA8; border-bottom: solid 1px grey; border-top: solid 1px grey; } .negative, .positive { background-color: #F4F4F4; color: gray; text-align: left; } .present-stem { background-color: #fff9c4; } .past-stem { background-color: #ECECFF; } .particle { float:right; color: black; white-space: nowrap; } /* Dark mode */ html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .particle { color: white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .tense-table-title { border-bottom: solid 1px #211f39; border-top: solid 1px #211f39; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .negative, html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .positive { background-color: #211f39; color: #54595d; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .conj-table { background-color: #1a1a2a; color:white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .title { background-color: #2c2a4c; color: white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mood { background-color: #2c2a4c; color: white; border-bottom: solid 1px #e4e6f0; border-top: solid 1px #e4e6f0; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .present-stem { background-color: #ffd08c; color: black; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .past-stem { background-color: #b4a8ff; color: black; } /***** vertical lay-out on narrow screens, both desktop and mobile *****/ @media screen and ( max-width: 748px ) { .conj-table, .conj-table > tbody, .conj-table > tbody > tr, .conj-table > tbody > tr > td { display: block; width: 100% !important; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box; } .tense-table { display: table !important; } } 7223m8fr92ufu8k6umbdmyq3r2ax75v 6236167 6236166 2026-05-27T05:02:11Z Ghybu 1393 6236167 sanitized-css text/css /* [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]] */ .conj-table { background-color: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; } .conj-table th, .conj-table td { padding: 3px; } .conj-table a.new { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; } .conj-table .title { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background-color: #FFCC99; border-top: 1px solid grey; border-bottom: 1px solid grey; } .tense-table { width: 100%; background-color: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; } .tense-table-title { border-top: solid 1px grey; border-bottom: solid 1px grey; } .present-stem.tense-table-title:target { background-color: #fff59d; } .past-stem.tense-table-title:target { background-color: #bbdefb; } .mood { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background-color: #FFDCA8; border-bottom: solid 1px grey; border-top: solid 1px grey; } .negative, .positive { background-color: #F4F4F4; color: gray; text-align: left; } .present-stem { background-color: #fff9c4; } .past-stem { background-color: #ECECFF; } .particle { float:right; color: black; white-space: nowrap; } /* Dark mode */ html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .particle { color: white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .tense-table-title { border-bottom: solid 1px #211f39; border-top: solid 1px #211f39; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .negative, html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .positive { background-color: #211f39; color: #54595d; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .conj-table { background-color: #1a1a2a; color:white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .title { background-color: #2c2a4c; color: white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mood { background-color: #2c2a4c; color: white; border-bottom: solid 1px #e4e6f0; border-top: solid 1px #e4e6f0; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .present-stem { background-color: #ffd08c; color: black; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .past-stem { background-color: #b4a8ff; color: black; } /***** vertical lay-out on narrow screens, both desktop and mobile *****/ @media screen and ( max-width: 748px ) { .conj-table, .conj-table > tbody, .conj-table > tbody > tr, .conj-table > tbody > tr > td { display: block; width: 100% !important; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box; } .tense-table { display: table !important; } } 78fhi2a77pc39z1fh925rgor9wpok8k 6236168 6236167 2026-05-27T05:09:49Z Ghybu 1393 6236168 sanitized-css text/css /* [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]] */ .conj-table { background-color: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; } .conj-table th, .conj-table td { padding: 3px; } .conj-table a.new { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; } .conj-table .title { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background-color: #FFCC99; border-top: 1px solid grey; border-bottom: 1px solid grey; } .tense-table { width: 100%; background-color: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; } .tense-table-title { border-top: solid 1px grey; border-bottom: solid 1px grey; } .present-stem.tense-table-title:target { background-color: #fff29e; } .past-stem.tense-table-title:target { background-color: #d4d4ff; } .mood { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background-color: #FFDCA8; border-bottom: solid 1px grey; border-top: solid 1px grey; } .negative, .positive { background-color: #F4F4F4; color: gray; text-align: left; } .present-stem { background-color: #fff9c4; } .past-stem { background-color: #ECECFF; } .particle { float:right; color: black; white-space: nowrap; } /* Dark mode */ html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .particle { color: white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .tense-table-title { border-bottom: solid 1px #211f39; border-top: solid 1px #211f39; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .negative, html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .positive { background-color: #211f39; color: #54595d; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .conj-table { background-color: #1a1a2a; color:white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .title { background-color: #2c2a4c; color: white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mood { background-color: #2c2a4c; color: white; border-bottom: solid 1px #e4e6f0; border-top: solid 1px #e4e6f0; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .present-stem { background-color: #ffd08c; color: black; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .past-stem { background-color: #b4a8ff; color: black; } /***** vertical lay-out on narrow screens, both desktop and mobile *****/ @media screen and ( max-width: 748px ) { .conj-table, .conj-table > tbody, .conj-table > tbody > tr, .conj-table > tbody > tr > td { display: block; width: 100% !important; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box; } .tense-table { display: table !important; } } fomc5f6yey7r08m2fhm1t71n1hvpv9v 6236169 6236168 2026-05-27T05:12:27Z Ghybu 1393 6236169 sanitized-css text/css /* [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]] */ .conj-table { background-color: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; } .conj-table th, .conj-table td { padding: 3px; } .conj-table a.new { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; } .conj-table .title { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background-color: #FFCC99; border-top: 1px solid grey; border-bottom: 1px solid grey; } .tense-table { width: 100%; background-color: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; } .tense-table-title { border-top: solid 1px grey; border-bottom: solid 1px grey; } .present-stem.tense-table-title:target { background-color: #ffed9f; } .past-stem.tense-table-title:target { background-color: #c8c8ff; } .mood { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background-color: #FFDCA8; border-bottom: solid 1px grey; border-top: solid 1px grey; } .negative, .positive { background-color: #F4F4F4; color: gray; text-align: left; } .present-stem { background-color: #fff9c4; } .past-stem { background-color: #ECECFF; } .particle { float:right; color: black; white-space: nowrap; } /* Dark mode */ html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .particle { color: white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .tense-table-title { border-bottom: solid 1px #211f39; border-top: solid 1px #211f39; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .negative, html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .positive { background-color: #211f39; color: #54595d; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .conj-table { background-color: #1a1a2a; color:white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .title { background-color: #2c2a4c; color: white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mood { background-color: #2c2a4c; color: white; border-bottom: solid 1px #e4e6f0; border-top: solid 1px #e4e6f0; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .present-stem { background-color: #ffd08c; color: black; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .past-stem { background-color: #b4a8ff; color: black; } /***** vertical lay-out on narrow screens, both desktop and mobile *****/ @media screen and ( max-width: 748px ) { .conj-table, .conj-table > tbody, .conj-table > tbody > tr, .conj-table > tbody > tr > td { display: block; width: 100% !important; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box; } .tense-table { display: table !important; } } toofretrya9ogkbfhx435giui51xxkz 6236170 6236169 2026-05-27T05:15:06Z Ghybu 1393 6236170 sanitized-css text/css /* [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]] */ .conj-table { background-color: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; } .conj-table th, .conj-table td { padding: 3px; } .conj-table a.new { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; } .conj-table .title { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background-color: #FFCC99; border-top: 1px solid grey; border-bottom: 1px solid grey; } .tense-table { width: 100%; background-color: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; } .tense-table-title { border-top: solid 1px grey; border-bottom: solid 1px grey; } .present-stem.tense-table-title:target { background-color: #ffed9f; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 3px #ffe066; border-left: 5px solid #f5b800; } .past-stem.tense-table-title:target { background-color: #c8c8ff; } .mood { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background-color: #FFDCA8; border-bottom: solid 1px grey; border-top: solid 1px grey; } .negative, .positive { background-color: #F4F4F4; color: gray; text-align: left; } .present-stem { background-color: #fff9c4; } .past-stem { background-color: #ECECFF; } .particle { float:right; color: black; white-space: nowrap; } /* Dark mode */ html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .particle { color: white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .tense-table-title { border-bottom: solid 1px #211f39; border-top: solid 1px #211f39; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .negative, html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .positive { background-color: #211f39; color: #54595d; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .conj-table { background-color: #1a1a2a; color:white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .title { background-color: #2c2a4c; color: white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mood { background-color: #2c2a4c; color: white; border-bottom: solid 1px #e4e6f0; border-top: solid 1px #e4e6f0; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .present-stem { background-color: #ffd08c; color: black; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .past-stem { background-color: #b4a8ff; color: black; } /***** vertical lay-out on narrow screens, both desktop and mobile *****/ @media screen and ( max-width: 748px ) { .conj-table, .conj-table > tbody, .conj-table > tbody > tr, .conj-table > tbody > tr > td { display: block; width: 100% !important; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box; } .tense-table { display: table !important; } } po8brxly6g6isd7f45ebpiool6mayd1 6236171 6236170 2026-05-27T05:22:09Z Ghybu 1393 6236171 sanitized-css text/css /* [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]] */ .conj-table { background-color: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; } .conj-table th, .conj-table td { padding: 3px; } .conj-table a.new { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; } .conj-table .title { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background-color: #FFCC99; border-top: 1px solid grey; border-bottom: 1px solid grey; } .tense-table { width: 100%; background-color: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; } .tense-table-title { border-top: solid 1px grey; border-bottom: solid 1px grey; } .present-stem.tense-table-title:target { background-color: #ffed9f !important; transition: background-color 1.2s ease; } .past-stem.tense-table-title:target { background-color: #c8c8ff !important; transition: background-color 1.2s ease; } .mood { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background-color: #FFDCA8; border-bottom: solid 1px grey; border-top: solid 1px grey; } .negative, .positive { background-color: #F4F4F4; color: gray; text-align: left; } .present-stem { background-color: #fff9c4; } .past-stem { background-color: #ECECFF; } .particle { float:right; color: black; white-space: nowrap; } /* Dark mode */ html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .particle { color: white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .tense-table-title { border-bottom: solid 1px #211f39; border-top: solid 1px #211f39; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .negative, html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .positive { background-color: #211f39; color: #54595d; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .conj-table { background-color: #1a1a2a; color:white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .title { background-color: #2c2a4c; color: white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mood { background-color: #2c2a4c; color: white; border-bottom: solid 1px #e4e6f0; border-top: solid 1px #e4e6f0; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .present-stem { background-color: #ffd08c; color: black; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .past-stem { background-color: #b4a8ff; color: black; } /***** vertical lay-out on narrow screens, both desktop and mobile *****/ @media screen and ( max-width: 748px ) { .conj-table, .conj-table > tbody, .conj-table > tbody > tr, .conj-table > tbody > tr > td { display: block; width: 100% !important; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box; } .tense-table { display: table !important; } } hcr1m6qt767289xgk8kuu3m2pk30ay3 6236172 6236171 2026-05-27T05:24:53Z Ghybu 1393 6236172 sanitized-css text/css /* [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]] */ .conj-table { background-color: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; } .conj-table th, .conj-table td { padding: 3px; } .conj-table a.new { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; } .conj-table .title { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background-color: #FFCC99; border-top: 1px solid grey; border-bottom: 1px solid grey; } .tense-table { width: 100%; background-color: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; } .tense-table-title { border-top: solid 1px grey; border-bottom: solid 1px grey; } .present-stem.tense-table-title:target { background-color: #ffe680 !important; } .past-stem.tense-table-title:target { background-color: #c8c8ff !important; transition: background-color 1.2s ease; } .mood { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background-color: #FFDCA8; border-bottom: solid 1px grey; border-top: solid 1px grey; } .negative, .positive { background-color: #F4F4F4; color: gray; text-align: left; } .present-stem { background-color: #fff9c4; } .past-stem { background-color: #ECECFF; } .particle { float:right; color: black; white-space: nowrap; } /* Dark mode */ html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .particle { color: white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .tense-table-title { border-bottom: solid 1px #211f39; border-top: solid 1px #211f39; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .negative, html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .positive { background-color: #211f39; color: #54595d; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .conj-table { background-color: #1a1a2a; color:white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .title { background-color: #2c2a4c; color: white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mood { background-color: #2c2a4c; color: white; border-bottom: solid 1px #e4e6f0; border-top: solid 1px #e4e6f0; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .present-stem { background-color: #ffd08c; color: black; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .past-stem { background-color: #b4a8ff; color: black; } /***** vertical lay-out on narrow screens, both desktop and mobile *****/ @media screen and ( max-width: 748px ) { .conj-table, .conj-table > tbody, .conj-table > tbody > tr, .conj-table > tbody > tr > td { display: block; width: 100% !important; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box; } .tense-table { display: table !important; } } mxju4em9i9lxo8ezqavi74y6ogvmvh1 6236173 6236172 2026-05-27T05:32:44Z Ghybu 1393 6236173 sanitized-css text/css /* [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]] */ .conj-table { background-color: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; } .conj-table th, .conj-table td { padding: 3px; } .conj-table a.new { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; } .conj-table .title { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background-color: #FFCC99; border-top: 1px solid grey; border-bottom: 1px solid grey; } .tense-table { width: 100%; background-color: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; } .tense-table-title { border-top: solid 1px grey; border-bottom: solid 1px grey; } .present-stem.tense-table-title:target { background-color: #ffe680 !important; transition: background-color 1.2s ease; } .past-stem.tense-table-title:target { background-color: #b8b8ff !important; transition: background-color 1.2s ease; } .mood { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background-color: #FFDCA8; border-bottom: solid 1px grey; border-top: solid 1px grey; } .negative, .positive { background-color: #F4F4F4; color: gray; text-align: left; } .present-stem { background-color: #fff9c4; } .past-stem { background-color: #ECECFF; } .particle { float:right; color: black; white-space: nowrap; } /* Dark mode */ html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .particle { color: white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .tense-table-title { border-bottom: solid 1px #211f39; border-top: solid 1px #211f39; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .negative, html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .positive { background-color: #211f39; color: #54595d; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .conj-table { background-color: #1a1a2a; color:white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .title { background-color: #2c2a4c; color: white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mood { background-color: #2c2a4c; color: white; border-bottom: solid 1px #e4e6f0; border-top: solid 1px #e4e6f0; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .present-stem { background-color: #ffd08c; color: black; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .past-stem { background-color: #b4a8ff; color: black; } /***** vertical lay-out on narrow screens, both desktop and mobile *****/ @media screen and ( max-width: 748px ) { .conj-table, .conj-table > tbody, .conj-table > tbody > tr, .conj-table > tbody > tr > td { display: block; width: 100% !important; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box; } .tense-table { display: table !important; } } g57ipbkpyntejny2lw5yt5dzuam4g3x 6236175 6236173 2026-05-27T05:41:47Z Ghybu 1393 --- 6236175 sanitized-css text/css /* [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]] */ .conj-table { background-color: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; } .conj-table th, .conj-table td { padding: 3px; } .conj-table a.new { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; } .conj-table .title { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background-color: #FFCC99; border-top: 1px solid grey; border-bottom: 1px solid grey; } .tense-table { width: 100%; background-color: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; } .tense-table-title { border-top: solid 1px grey; border-bottom: solid 1px grey; } .present-stem.tense-table-title:target { background-color: #ffe680 !important; transition: background-color 1.2s ease; } .past-stem.tense-table-title:target { background-color: #9c9cff !important; transition: background-color 1.2s ease; } .mood { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background-color: #FFDCA8; border-bottom: solid 1px grey; border-top: solid 1px grey; } .negative, .positive { background-color: #F4F4F4; color: gray; text-align: left; } .present-stem { background-color: #fff9c4; } .past-stem { background-color: #ECECFF; } .particle { float:right; color: black; white-space: nowrap; } /* Dark mode */ html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .particle { color: white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .tense-table-title { border-bottom: solid 1px #211f39; border-top: solid 1px #211f39; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .negative, html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .positive { background-color: #211f39; color: #54595d; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .conj-table { background-color: #1a1a2a; color:white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .title { background-color: #2c2a4c; color: white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mood { background-color: #2c2a4c; color: white; border-bottom: solid 1px #e4e6f0; border-top: solid 1px #e4e6f0; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .present-stem { background-color: #ffd08c; color: black; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .past-stem { background-color: #b4a8ff; color: black; } /***** vertical lay-out on narrow screens, both desktop and mobile *****/ @media screen and ( max-width: 748px ) { .conj-table, .conj-table > tbody, .conj-table > tbody > tr, .conj-table > tbody > tr > td { display: block; width: 100% !important; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box; } .tense-table { display: table !important; } } 9ybimjct0lepclabaxovmwlfos7cju4 6236176 6236175 2026-05-27T05:44:20Z Ghybu 1393 6236176 sanitized-css text/css /* [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]] */ .conj-table { background-color: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; } .conj-table th, .conj-table td { padding: 3px; } .conj-table a.new { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; } .conj-table .title { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background-color: #FFCC99; border-top: 1px solid grey; border-bottom: 1px solid grey; } .tense-table { width: 100%; background-color: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; } .tense-table-title { border-top: solid 1px grey; border-bottom: solid 1px grey; } .present-stem.tense-table-title:target { background-color: #ffe680 !important; transition: background-color 1.2s ease; } .past-stem.tense-table-title:target { background-color: #d0b8ff !important; transition: background-color 1.2s ease; } .mood { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background-color: #FFDCA8; border-bottom: solid 1px grey; border-top: solid 1px grey; } .negative, .positive { background-color: #F4F4F4; color: gray; text-align: left; } .present-stem { background-color: #fff9c4; } .past-stem { background-color: #ECECFF; } .particle { float:right; color: black; white-space: nowrap; } /* Dark mode */ html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .particle { color: white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .tense-table-title { border-bottom: solid 1px #211f39; border-top: solid 1px #211f39; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .negative, html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .positive { background-color: #211f39; color: #54595d; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .conj-table { background-color: #1a1a2a; color:white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .title { background-color: #2c2a4c; color: white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mood { background-color: #2c2a4c; color: white; border-bottom: solid 1px #e4e6f0; border-top: solid 1px #e4e6f0; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .present-stem { background-color: #ffd08c; color: black; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .past-stem { background-color: #b4a8ff; color: black; } /***** vertical lay-out on narrow screens, both desktop and mobile *****/ @media screen and ( max-width: 748px ) { .conj-table, .conj-table > tbody, .conj-table > tbody > tr, .conj-table > tbody > tr > td { display: block; width: 100% !important; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box; } .tense-table { display: table !important; } } g3bwtsp2rhhagqn8j6a6l66yrl1209d 6236177 6236176 2026-05-27T05:53:14Z Ghybu 1393 bt. 6236177 sanitized-css text/css /* [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]] */ .conj-table { background-color: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; } .conj-table th, .conj-table td { padding: 3px; } .conj-table a.new { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; } .conj-table .title { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background-color: #FFCC99; border-top: 1px solid grey; border-bottom: 1px solid grey; } .tense-table { width: 100%; background-color: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; } .tense-table-title { border-top: solid 1px grey; border-bottom: solid 1px grey; } .present-stem.tense-table-title:target { background-color: #ffe680 !important; transition: background-color 1.2s ease; } .past-stem.tense-table-title:target { background-color: #b8b8ff !important; transition: background-color 1.2s ease; } .mood { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background-color: #FFDCA8; border-bottom: solid 1px grey; border-top: solid 1px grey; } .negative, .positive { background-color: #F4F4F4; color: gray; text-align: left; } .present-stem { background-color: #fff9c4; } .past-stem { background-color: #ECECFF; } .particle { float:right; color: black; white-space: nowrap; } /* Dark mode */ html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .particle { color: white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .tense-table-title { border-bottom: solid 1px #211f39; border-top: solid 1px #211f39; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .negative, html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .positive { background-color: #211f39; color: #54595d; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .conj-table { background-color: #1a1a2a; color:white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .title { background-color: #2c2a4c; color: white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mood { background-color: #2c2a4c; color: white; border-bottom: solid 1px #e4e6f0; border-top: solid 1px #e4e6f0; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .present-stem { background-color: #ffd08c; color: black; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .past-stem { background-color: #b4a8ff; color: black; } /***** vertical lay-out on narrow screens, both desktop and mobile *****/ @media screen and ( max-width: 748px ) { .conj-table, .conj-table > tbody, .conj-table > tbody > tr, .conj-table > tbody > tr > td { display: block; width: 100% !important; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box; } .tense-table { display: table !important; } } g57ipbkpyntejny2lw5yt5dzuam4g3x 6236178 6236177 2026-05-27T05:57:10Z Ghybu 1393 Guhartoya [[Special:Diff/6236177|6236177]] yê [[Special:Contributions/Ghybu|Ghybu]] ([[User talk:Ghybu|gotûbêj]]) şûnde kir 6236178 sanitized-css text/css /* [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]] */ .conj-table { background-color: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; } .conj-table th, .conj-table td { padding: 3px; } .conj-table a.new { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; } .conj-table .title { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background-color: #FFCC99; border-top: 1px solid grey; border-bottom: 1px solid grey; } .tense-table { width: 100%; background-color: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; } .tense-table-title { border-top: solid 1px grey; border-bottom: solid 1px grey; } .present-stem.tense-table-title:target { background-color: #ffe680 !important; transition: background-color 1.2s ease; } .past-stem.tense-table-title:target { background-color: #d0b8ff !important; transition: background-color 1.2s ease; } .mood { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background-color: #FFDCA8; border-bottom: solid 1px grey; border-top: solid 1px grey; } .negative, .positive { background-color: #F4F4F4; color: gray; text-align: left; } .present-stem { background-color: #fff9c4; } .past-stem { background-color: #ECECFF; } .particle { float:right; color: black; white-space: nowrap; } /* Dark mode */ html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .particle { color: white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .tense-table-title { border-bottom: solid 1px #211f39; border-top: solid 1px #211f39; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .negative, html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .positive { background-color: #211f39; color: #54595d; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .conj-table { background-color: #1a1a2a; color:white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .title { background-color: #2c2a4c; color: white; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mood { background-color: #2c2a4c; color: white; border-bottom: solid 1px #e4e6f0; border-top: solid 1px #e4e6f0; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .present-stem { background-color: #ffd08c; color: black; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .past-stem { background-color: #b4a8ff; color: black; } /***** vertical lay-out on narrow screens, both desktop and mobile *****/ @media screen and ( max-width: 748px ) { .conj-table, .conj-table > tbody, .conj-table > tbody > tr, .conj-table > tbody > tr > td { display: block; width: 100% !important; height: auto; box-sizing: border-box; } .tense-table { display: table !important; } } g3bwtsp2rhhagqn8j6a6l66yrl1209d Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin 828 1325207 6236090 6236008 2026-05-26T20:14:18Z Ghybu 1393 6236090 Scribunto text/plain -- [[Wîkîferheng:ceribandin]] -- [[Template:ku-tewandin/ceribandin]] -- [[Template:ku-tewandin/ceribandin/style.css]] local conj = require('Modul:ku-tewandin/ceribandin') local export = {} function export.tablo(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local baseOpts = { isTransitive = false, isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false, preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or '', postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or '', overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil, overrideDi = args['di'] or nil, overrideNa = args['na'] or nil, overrideNe = args['ne'] or nil, impNegForm = nil } local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']} local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']} local transitivity = args['form'] if (transitivity ~= 'gerguhêz' and transitivity ~= 'negerguhêz') then return '<span style="color:red">form = gerghuhêz / negerguhêz</span>' end if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true else baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false end -- Conjugation table in all tenses local concatPrs = false local conjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, 'positive', concatPrs) -- Negatives conjugations table local negConjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, 'negative', concatPrs) -- Construction of conjugation table whose dimensions change depending on -- whether it is a transitive verb or not; and whether there is a preverbParticle (yes or no). -- First, we create the table header, then the body (content). local function tenseTableHeader(tense) local tabHeader = function(col) local header = '\n! id="' .. conjTab[tense].name .. '"' .. 'class="' .. conjTab[tense].stem .. '-stem tense-table-title" colspan="'.. col .. '" |' .. conjTab[tense].nameKu .. '- <small><i>-{'.. conjTab[tense].nameEn ..'}-</i></small>' .. '\n|-' return header end local preverbParticle = '' local tabH = tabHeader(4) if conjTab[tense].preverbParticle == "ê" then tabH = tabHeader(5) preverbParticle = '\n! class="agent-title" | ' end local tenseHeader = tabHeader(2) .. '\n! class="negative" | Erênî' ..'\n! class="positive" | Neyînî' .. '\n|-' if (conjTab[tense].stem == "past" and form == "gerguhêz") then tenseHeader = tabH .. '\n! class="agent-title" | Biker <span class="toggle-width">zêde <span class="arrow">›</span></span>' .. preverbParticle .. '\n! class="object-title" | Berkar' .. '\n! class="negative" | Erênî' .. '\n! class="positive" | Neyînî' .. '\n|-' end return tenseHeader end local function tenseTableBody(tense, pers) local bila = '' local preverbParticle = '' local preverbParticules = conj.getPreverbParticules(conjTab[tense].preverbParticle, conjTab[tense].stem, false) if conjTab[tense].mode == "subjunctive" then bila = '<span style="color:gray">(bila) </span>' end local preverbParticle = '' if conjTab[tense].preverbParticle == "ê" then preverbParticle = '\n| class="particle"|(y)ê/dê' end local body = '\n|' .. bila .. conj.pronouns[pers] .. ' ' .. preverbParticules[pers] .. ' ' .. conjTab[tense].conj[pers] .. '\n|' .. bila .. conj.pronouns[pers] .. ' ' .. preverbParticules[pers] .. ' ' .. negConjTab[tense].conj[pers] .. '\n|-' if (conjTab[tense].stem == "past" and form == "gerguhêz") then body = '\n| class="agent" |' .. bila .. conj.agents[pers] .. preverbParticle .. '\n| class="object" |' .. conj.pronouns[pers] .. '\n|' .. conjTab[tense].conj[pers] .. '\n|' .. negConjTab[tense].conj[pers] .. '\n|-' end return body end -- Construction of the conjugation table for a given tense: the header -- and the body are combined. local function conjugateTable(tense) local tenseBody = '' local tenseHeader = tenseTableHeader(tense) for _, pers in ipairs(conj.order) do tenseBody = tenseBody .. tenseTableBody(tense, pers) end local tab = '\n{| cellpadding="2" class="tense-table"' .. '\n|-' .. tenseHeader .. tenseBody .. '\n|}' return tab end --Retrieving some parameters for creating the main table header local verb = args[1] local preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or '' local postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or '' -- Cureyê lêkerê local verbStruc = conj.verbStruct(baseOpts.isCompoundVerb, baseOpts.preSimpleVerb) if (verbStruc == 'preverbVerb') then verbStruc = 'pêkhatî' elseif (verbStruc == 'compoundVerb') then verbStruc = 'hevedudanî' else verbStruc = 'xwerû' end local prsStemsFormat = {} for _, stem in ipairs(presentStems) do if stem then prsStemsFormat[#prsStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end end local pstStemsFormat = {} for _, stem in ipairs(pastStems) do if stem then pstStemsFormat[#pstStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end end local prsStems = table.concat(prsStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb local pstStems = table.concat(pstStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb return '{| align="center" class="conj-table"' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" class="title" | Tewandina lêkera [[' .. verb .. ']]<br><span style="font-weight:normal;">(' .. verbStruc .. ', ' .. transitivity .. ')</span>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n! colspan="2" class="present-stem" | Rehê dema niha' .. '\n! colspan="6" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center; border-bottom:dotted 1px grey;" | ' .. prsStems .. '\n|-' .. '\n! colspan="2" class="past-stem" | Rehê dema borî' .. '\n! colspan="6" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center;" | ' .. pstStems .. '\n|-' .. '\n|' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" id="imp" class="mood" | Raweya fermanî - <small><i>Imperative</i></small>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" valign="top" | ' .. '\n{| cellpadding="2" class="tense-table"' .. '\n|-' .. '\n! class="negative" | Erênî' .. '\n! class="positive" | Neyînî' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(tû)</span> ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.s2 .. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(tû)</span> ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.s2 .. '\n|-' .. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(hûn)</span> ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.p2 .. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(hûn)</span> ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.p2 ..'\n|}' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" id="ind" class="mood" | Raweya pêşkerî - <small><i>Indicative</i></small>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPresent') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPreterite') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indImperfect') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPluperfect') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuture') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuturePerfect') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPerfect') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indNwPluperfect') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" id="subj" class="mood" | Raweya xwestekî - <small><i>Subjunctive</i></small>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subPresent') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subPreterite') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subImperfect') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subPluperfect') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" id="cond" class="mood" | Raweya mercî - <small><i>Conditional</i></small>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('condPresent') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('condPreterite') .. '\n|}' end return export 7l0a2vxu9sw95lj4dm3dfomhq78y64a 6236093 6236090 2026-05-26T20:33:37Z Ghybu 1393 6236093 Scribunto text/plain -- [[Wîkîferheng:ceribandin]] -- [[Template:ku-tewandin/ceribandin]] -- [[Template:ku-tewandin/ceribandin/style.css]] local conj = require('Modul:ku-tewandin/ceribandin') local export = {} function export.tablo(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local baseOpts = { isTransitive = false, isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false, preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or '', postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or '', overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil, overrideDi = args['di'] or nil, overrideNa = args['na'] or nil, overrideNe = args['ne'] or nil, impNegForm = nil } local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']} local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']} local transitivity = args['form'] if (transitivity ~= 'gerguhêz' and transitivity ~= 'negerguhêz') then return '<span style="color:red">form = gerghuhêz / negerguhêz</span>' end if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true else baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false end -- Conjugation table in all tenses local concatPrs = false local conjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, 'positive', concatPrs) -- Negatives conjugations table local negConjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, 'negative', concatPrs) -- Construction of conjugation table whose dimensions change depending on -- whether it is a transitive verb or not; and whether there is a preverbParticle (yes or no). -- First, we create the table header, then the body (content). local function tenseTableHeader(tense) local tabHeader = function(col) local header = '\n! id="' .. conjTab[tense].name .. '"' .. 'class="' .. conjTab[tense].stem .. '-stem tense-table-title" colspan="'.. col .. '" |' .. conjTab[tense].nameKu .. '- <small><i>-{'.. conjTab[tense].nameEn ..'}-</i></small>' .. '\n|-' return header end local preverbParticle = '' local tabH = tabHeader(4) if conjTab[tense].preverbParticle == "ê" then tabH = tabHeader(5) preverbParticle = '\n! class="agent-title" | ' end local tenseHeader = tabHeader(2) .. '\n! class="negative" | Erênî' ..'\n! class="positive" | Neyînî' .. '\n|-' if (conjTab[tense].stem == "past" and transitivity == "gerguhêz") then tenseHeader = tabH .. '\n! class="agent-title" | Biker <span class="toggle-width">zêde <span class="arrow">›</span></span>' .. preverbParticle .. '\n! class="object-title" | Berkar' .. '\n! class="negative" | Erênî' .. '\n! class="positive" | Neyînî' .. '\n|-' end return tenseHeader end local function tenseTableBody(tense, pers) local bila = '' local preverbParticle = '' local preverbParticules = conj.getPreverbParticules(conjTab[tense].preverbParticle, conjTab[tense].stem, false) if conjTab[tense].mode == "subjunctive" then bila = '<span style="color:gray">(bila) </span>' end local preverbParticle = '' if conjTab[tense].preverbParticle == "ê" then preverbParticle = '\n| class="particle"|(y)ê/dê' end local body = '\n|' .. bila .. conj.pronouns[pers] .. ' ' .. preverbParticules[pers] .. ' ' .. conjTab[tense].conj[pers] .. '\n|' .. bila .. conj.pronouns[pers] .. ' ' .. preverbParticules[pers] .. ' ' .. negConjTab[tense].conj[pers] .. '\n|-' if (conjTab[tense].stem == "past" and transitivity == "gerguhêz") then body = '\n| class="agent" |' .. bila .. conj.agents[pers] .. preverbParticle .. '\n| class="object" |' .. conj.pronouns[pers] .. '\n|' .. conjTab[tense].conj[pers] .. '\n|' .. negConjTab[tense].conj[pers] .. '\n|-' end return body end -- Construction of the conjugation table for a given tense: the header -- and the body are combined. local function conjugateTable(tense) local tenseBody = '' local tenseHeader = tenseTableHeader(tense) for _, pers in ipairs(conj.order) do tenseBody = tenseBody .. tenseTableBody(tense, pers) end local tab = '\n{| cellpadding="2" class="tense-table"' .. '\n|-' .. tenseHeader .. tenseBody .. '\n|}' return tab end --Retrieving some parameters for creating the main table header local verb = args[1] local preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or '' local postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or '' -- Cureyê lêkerê local verbStruc = conj.verbStruct(baseOpts.isCompoundVerb, baseOpts.preSimpleVerb) if (verbStruc == 'preverbVerb') then verbStruc = 'pêkhatî' elseif (verbStruc == 'compoundVerb') then verbStruc = 'hevedudanî' else verbStruc = 'xwerû' end local prsStemsFormat = {} for _, stem in ipairs(presentStems) do if stem then prsStemsFormat[#prsStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end end local pstStemsFormat = {} for _, stem in ipairs(pastStems) do if stem then pstStemsFormat[#pstStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end end local prsStems = table.concat(prsStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb local pstStems = table.concat(pstStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb return '{| align="center" class="conj-table"' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" class="title" | Tewandina lêkera [[' .. verb .. ']]<br><span style="font-weight:normal;">(' .. verbStruc .. ', ' .. transitivity .. ')</span>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n! colspan="2" class="present-stem" | Rehê dema niha' .. '\n! colspan="6" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center; border-bottom:dotted 1px grey;" | ' .. prsStems .. '\n|-' .. '\n! colspan="2" class="past-stem" | Rehê dema borî' .. '\n! colspan="6" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center;" | ' .. pstStems .. '\n|-' .. '\n|' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" id="imp" class="mood" | Raweya fermanî - <small><i>Imperative</i></small>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" valign="top" | ' .. '\n{| cellpadding="2" class="tense-table"' .. '\n|-' .. '\n! class="negative" | Erênî' .. '\n! class="positive" | Neyînî' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(tû)</span> ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.s2 .. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(tû)</span> ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.s2 .. '\n|-' .. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(hûn)</span> ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.p2 .. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(hûn)</span> ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.p2 ..'\n|}' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" id="ind" class="mood" | Raweya pêşkerî - <small><i>Indicative</i></small>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPresent') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPreterite') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indImperfect') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPluperfect') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuture') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuturePerfect') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPerfect') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indNwPluperfect') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" id="subj" class="mood" | Raweya xwestekî - <small><i>Subjunctive</i></small>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subPresent') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subPreterite') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subImperfect') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subPluperfect') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" id="cond" class="mood" | Raweya mercî - <small><i>Conditional</i></small>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('condPresent') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('condPreterite') .. '\n|}' end return export qsguxs5e7q74o2co27dfxxsrgp36xue 6236183 6236093 2026-05-27T06:21:42Z Ghybu 1393 6236183 Scribunto text/plain -- [[Wîkîferheng:ceribandin]] -- [[Template:ku-tewandin/ceribandin]] -- [[Template:ku-tewandin/ceribandin/style.css]] local conj = require('Modul:ku-tewandin/ceribandin') local export = {} function export.tablo(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local baseOpts = { isTransitive = false, isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false, preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or '', postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or '', overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil, overrideDi = args['di'] or nil, overrideNa = args['na'] or nil, overrideNe = args['ne'] or nil, impNegForm = nil } local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']} local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']} local transitivity = args['form'] if (transitivity ~= 'gerguhêz' and transitivity ~= 'negerguhêz') then return '<span style="color:red">form = gerghuhêz / negerguhêz</span>' end if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true else baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false end -- Conjugation table in all tenses local concatPrs = false local conjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, 'positive', concatPrs) -- Negatives conjugations table local negConjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, 'negative', concatPrs) -- Construction of conjugation table whose dimensions change depending on -- whether it is a transitive verb or not; and whether there is a preverbParticle (yes or no). -- First, we create the table header, then the body (content). local function tenseTableHeader(tense) local tabHeader = function(col) local header = '\n! id="' .. conjTab[tense].name .. '"' .. 'class="' .. conjTab[tense].stem .. '-stem tense-table-title" colspan="'.. col .. '" |' .. conjTab[tense].nameKu .. '- <small><i>-{'.. conjTab[tense].nameEn ..'}-</i></small>' .. '\n|-' return header end local preverbParticle = '' local tabH = tabHeader(4) if conjTab[tense].preverbParticle == "ê" then tabH = tabHeader(5) preverbParticle = '\n! class="agent-title" | ' end local tenseHeader = tabHeader(2) .. '\n! class="negative" | Erênî' ..'\n! class="positive" | Neyînî' .. '\n|-' if (conjTab[tense].stem == "past" and transitivity == "gerguhêz") then tenseHeader = tabH .. '\n! class="agent-title" | Biker <span class="toggle-width">zêde <span class="arrow">›</span></span>' .. preverbParticle .. '\n! class="object-title" | Berkar' .. '\n! class="negative" | Erênî' .. '\n! class="positive" | Neyînî' .. '\n|-' end return tenseHeader end local function tenseTableBody(tense, pers) local bila = '' local preverbParticle = '' local preverbParticules = conj.getPreverbParticules(conjTab[tense].preverbParticle, conjTab[tense].stem, false) if conjTab[tense].mode == "subjunctive" then bila = '<span style="color:gray">(bila) </span>' end local preverbParticle = '' if conjTab[tense].preverbParticle == "ê" then preverbParticle = '\n| class="particle"|(y)ê/dê' end local body = '\n|' .. bila .. conj.pronouns[pers] .. ' ' .. preverbParticules[pers] .. ' ' .. conjTab[tense].conj[pers] .. '\n|' .. bila .. conj.pronouns[pers] .. ' ' .. preverbParticules[pers] .. ' ' .. negConjTab[tense].conj[pers] .. '\n|-' if (conjTab[tense].stem == "past" and transitivity == "gerguhêz") then body = '\n| class="agent" |' .. bila .. conj.agents[pers] .. preverbParticle .. '\n| class="object" |' .. conj.pronouns[pers] .. '\n|' .. conjTab[tense].conj[pers] .. '\n|' .. negConjTab[tense].conj[pers] .. '\n|-' end return body end -- Construction of the conjugation table for a given tense: the header -- and the body are combined. local function conjugateTable(tense) local tenseBody = '' local tenseHeader = tenseTableHeader(tense) for _, pers in ipairs(conj.order) do tenseBody = tenseBody .. tenseTableBody(tense, pers) end local tab = '\n{| cellpadding="2" class="tense-table"' .. '\n|-' .. tenseHeader .. tenseBody .. '\n|}' return tab end --Retrieving some parameters for creating the main table header local verb = args[1] local preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or '' local postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or '' -- Cureyê lêkerê local verbStruc = conj.verbStruct(baseOpts.isCompoundVerb, baseOpts.preSimpleVerb) if (verbStruc == 'preverbVerb') then verbStruc = 'pêkhatî' elseif (verbStruc == 'compoundVerb') then verbStruc = 'hevedudanî' else verbStruc = 'xwerû' end local prsStemsFormat = {} for _, stem in ipairs(presentStems) do if stem then prsStemsFormat[#prsStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end end local pstStemsFormat = {} for _, stem in ipairs(pastStems) do if stem then pstStemsFormat[#pstStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end end local prsStems = table.concat(prsStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb local pstStems = table.concat(pstStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb return '{| align="center" class="conj-table"' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" class="title" | Tewandina lêkera [[' .. verb .. ']]<br><span style="font-weight:normal;">(' .. verbStruc .. ', ' .. transitivity .. ')</span>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n! colspan="2" class="present-stem" | Rehê dema niha' .. '\n! colspan="6" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center; border-bottom:dotted 1px grey;" | ' .. prsStems .. '\n|-' .. '\n! colspan="2" class="past-stem" | Rehê dema borî' .. '\n! colspan="6" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center;" | ' .. pstStems .. '\n|-' .. '\n|' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" id="imp" class="mood" | Raweya fermanî - <small><i>Imperative</i></small>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" valign="top" | ' .. '\n{| cellpadding="2" class="tense-table"' .. '\n|-' .. '\n! class="negative" | Erênî' .. '\n! class="positive" | Neyînî' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(tû)</span> ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.s2 .. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(tû)</span> ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.s2 .. '\n|-' .. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(hûn)</span> ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.p2 .. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(hûn)</span> ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.p2 ..'\n|}' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" id="ind" class="mood" | Raweya pêşkerî - <small><i>Indicative</i></small>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPresent') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPreterite') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indImperfect') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPluperfect') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuture') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuturePerfect') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPerfect') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indNwPluperfect') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" id="subj" class="mood" | Raweya xwestekî - <small><i>Subjunctive</i></small>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPresent') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPreterite') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subjImperfect') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPluperfect') .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="8" id="cond" class="mood" | Raweya mercî - <small><i>Conditional</i></small>' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('condPresent') .. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('condPreterite') .. '\n|}' end return export o8414kjzp9c1vi5i7sshzpcem99aj1z Modul:ku-tewandin/ceribandin 828 1356654 6236089 6236012 2026-05-26T20:12:14Z Ghybu 1393 6236089 Scribunto text/plain -- Modula tewandina lêkerên kurmancî -- [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]] -- [[WF:ceribandin]] local export = {} -- Load irregular forms table -- local irreg = require('Module:ku-tewandin/dijrêzik') local langKu = require("Modul:languages").getByCode("ku") local link = require('Module:links').language_link local shallowCopy = require("Module:table/shallowCopy") local deepCopy = require("Module:table/deepCopy") -- ============================================================================= -- Pronouns in Kurmanji -- ============================================================================= export.order = {"s1", "s2", "s3", "p1", "p2", "p3"} export.pronouns = { s1 = "ez", p1 = "em", s2 = "tu", p2 = "hûn", s3 = "ew", p3 = "ew" } export.obliquePronouns = { s1 = "min", p1 = "me", s2 = "te", p2 = "we", s3 = "wê/wî", p3 = "wan" } export.agents = { s1 = "te, wî, wê, we, wan", p1 = "te, wî, wê, we, wan", s2 = "min, wî, wê, me, wan", p2 = "min, wî, wê, me, wan", s3 = "min, te, wî, wê, me, we, wan", p3 = "min, te, wî, wê, me, we, wan" } -- Oblique pronoun (green) export.obliquePronounsGreen = { s1 = '<span style="color:green">min</span>', s2 = '<span style="color:green">te</span>', s3 = '<span style="color:green">wê/wî</span>', p1 = '<span style="color:green">me</span>', p2 = '<span style="color:green">we</span>', p3 = '<span style="color:green">wan</span>' } -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -- 1) This function returns correct subject/agent pronoun, ergativity rule: -- - Transitive verbs in past tenses → oblique pronoun (green) = agent -- - All other cases → direct pronoun (no color) = subject -- 2) Also add the subjunctive prefix "(bila)" -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── function export.conjPronouns(stemType, mode, isTransitive) local pronouns = shallowCopy(export.pronouns) -- Ergativity in kurdish: transitive verbs that are conjugated with the past tense stem are -- conjugated according to the object, not the subject. -- Therefore, to have an ergative construction, -- the verb must be transitive and its stem must be the stem of the past tense. local isErgative = isTransitive and (stemType == 'past') -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: "min", "te", ... -- If it's not ergative, we use normal pronouns: "ez", "tu", ... if isErgative then pronouns = shallowCopy(export.obliquePronounsGreen) end -- For the subjunctive mood, we add "(bila)" at the beginning. if mode == 'subjunctive' then subjPrefix = '<span style="color:gray">(bila)</span>' for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do pronouns[pers] = subjPrefix .. ' ' .. pronouns[pers] end end return pronouns end -- ============================================================================= -- VERBAL STRUCTURE IN THE INFINITIVE: -- Verbs in the infinitive appear in three main forms: -- 1) Simple verb (indivisible light verb): -- - ex.: "kirin", "çûn", "xwarin", ... -- 2) Verbs with preverbs (preverb + simple verb): -- - ex.: "rakirin" (ra- + kirin), "çêkirin" (çê- + kirin), "vexwarin" (ve- + xwarin), ... -- - Preverb verbs don't use the prefix "bi-" (ez ê rakim , ew ê rake , ...) -- 3) Compound verbs, construction with non-verbal element (the noun is not attached to the verb): -- - Left of the simple verb: "hez kirin" ("hez" + "kirin"), "li dar xistin" ("li dar" + "xistin"), ... -- - Right of the simple verb: "kirin der" ("kirin" + "der"), "girtin ser xwe" ("girtin" + "ser xwe"), ... -- - Compound verbs use the prefix "bi-" (ez ê hez bi-kim , ew ê hez bi-ke ) -- STRUCTURE: preSimpleVerb + spacing + simpleVerb + postSimpleVerb -- EX. kirin: preSimpleVerb=''; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='' -- rakirin: preSimpleVerb='ra'; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='' -- hez kirin: preSimpleVerb='hez'; spacing=true; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='' -- pev çûn: preSimpleVerb='pev'; spacing=true; simpleVerb='çûn'; postSimpleVerb='' -- kirin der: preSimpleVerb=''; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='der' -- WARNING: Conjugation can vary depending on the type of verb. -- For example, in the future tense,the prefix "bi" is used for compound verbs, -- but not for preverbal verbs, see the function that manages it "tenseClassification" table. -- This table does not yet support the mixed case: a verb composed of a noun and a preverb verb. -- ============================================================================= function export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb) local type if (preSimpleVerb and preSimpleVerb ~= '' and not isCompoundVerb) then type = 'preverbVerb' elseif isCompoundVerb then type = 'compoundVerb' else type = 'simpleVerb' end return type end -- ================================================================ -- INFLECTIONAL ENDINGS -- Assigns verb inflectional endings (suffixes) to all tenses -- ================================================================ local getEndings = {} do -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -- Ending using present stem -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── getEndings['present'] = function(self, stem) local ends if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'} else ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='e', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'} end return ends end -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -- Ind. preterite + ind. imperfect ending -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── getEndings['past'] = function(self, stem) local ends if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiouû]$') then ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'} elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then -- if self.name == 'indImperfect' then -- -- special indicative ind. imperfect rule -- ends = {s1='yam', s2='yayî', s3='ya', p1='yan', p2='yan', p3='yan'} -- end ends = {s1='m', s2='', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'} else ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'} end return ends end -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -- Compound endings with auxiliary "bûn" -- Inflectional endings are created by taking the different forms of the -- verb "bûn" (with present stem "-b-" and past stem "-bû-") and -- adding an "i-" prefix before them: "i-b-im", "i-bû-m", "i-bû-me", "i-bû-ma". -- This "i-" varies according to the final letter of the verb stem. -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── local function normalize_i(stem) local prfx_i = "i" if mw.ustring.match(stem, "ya$") or mw.ustring.match(stem, "[îû]$") then -- cf. karîn (-karî-) prfx_i = "" elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiou]$') then prfx_i = "yi" end return prfx_i end getEndings['ibim'] = function(self, stem) local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem) return { s1 = prfx_i .. "bim", p1 = prfx_i .. "bin", s2 = prfx_i .. "bî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bin", s3 = prfx_i .. "be", p3 = prfx_i .. "bin" } end getEndings['ibûm'] = function(self, stem) local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem) return { s1 = prfx_i .. "bûm", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûn", s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûn", s3 = prfx_i .. "bû", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûn" } end getEndings['ibûme'] = function(self, stem) local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem) return { s1 = prfx_i .. "bûme", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûne", s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyiye", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûne", s3 = prfx_i .. "bûye", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûne" } end getEndings['ibûma'] = function(self, stem) local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem) return { s1 = prfx_i .. "bûma", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûna", s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyayî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûna", s3 = prfx_i .. "bûya", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûna" } end -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -- Ind. perfect ending. -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── getEndings['ime'] = function(self, stem) local ends if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then ends = {s1="me", s2="yî", s3="ye", p1="ne", p2="ne", p3="ne"} else ends = {s1="ime", s2="iyî", s3="iye", p1="ine", p2="ine", p3="ine"} end return ends end -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -- Subj. Imperfect ending. -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── getEndings['ama'] = function(self, stem) local ends -- The doublet in "-iyan" of verbs in -"în" (gerîn/-geriya-, kenîn/-keniya-, ...), -- in the conditional and subjunctive moods, a doublet "yaya" appears; it's removed. -- -yayayî → -yayî; -yaya → -ya if mw.ustring.match(stem, '(ya)$') then ends = {s1="ma", s2="yî", s3="", p1="na", p2="na", p3="na"} elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then ends = {s1="ma", s2="yayî", s3="ya", p1="na", p2="na", p3="na"} else ends = {s1="ama", s2="ayî", s3="a", p1="ana", p2="ana", p3="ana"} end return ends end end -- ============================================================================= -- RULES FOR PREVERBS: "bi-" and "di-" -- There are two preverbs: "bi-" and "di-". These preverbs can change form -- depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem. -- ============================================================================= local getPreverb = {} do getPreverb['bi'] = function (opts) local opts = opts or {} local stem = opts.stem local verbStruct = opts.verbStruct local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi -- Preverb verbs don't use the preverb "bi-": ra-kirin (ez ê rakim), ve-xwarin (ez ê vexwim) , ... -- But compound verb and simple verbs use it: hez kirin (ez ê hez bi-kim), lê bigirin (ez ê lê bi-girim), ... if (verbStruct == 'preverbVerb') then return '' end if overrideBi then return overrideBi end -- if irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] end -- Modification of the preverbe "bi-" according to the last letter of the stem. if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[aeêiîouû]') then return 'b' end return 'bi' end getPreverb['di'] = function (opts) local opts = opts or {} local stem = opts.stem local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi if overrideDi then return overrideDi end -- if irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] end -- Modification of the preverbe "di-" according to the last letter of the stem. if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[ai]') then return 'd' end -- Ex. hatin : stem = -ê- // ez têm if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[êî]') then return 't' end return 'di' end end -- ============================================================================= -- RULES FOR NEGATION PREFIXES: "na-" and "ne-" -- There are two negation prefixes: "na-" and "ne-". These preverbs can change -- form depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem. -- ============================================================================= local getNegPrefix = {} do getNegPrefix['na'] = function (opts) local opts = opts or {} local stem = opts.stem local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa if overrideNa then return '<b>' .. overrideNa .. '</b>' end -- if irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] end -- Add sufix "-y" before certain vowels. if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then return '<b>nay</b>' end -- Elision before stems beginning with "a-" (removal of the final "-e"). if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then return '<b>n</b>' end -- Tîpa duyem "-a-" ye (k-a-rîn, z-a-nîn, ...) if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^%wa') then return '<b>ni</b>' end return '<b>na</b>' end getNegPrefix['ne'] = function (opts) local opts = opts or {} local stem = opts.stem local tenseName = opts.tenseName local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe if overrideNe then return '<b>' .. overrideNe .. '</b>' end -- if irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] end local negPrefix = 'ne' -- There are two forms of construction of the imperative, -- one with the prefix "me-" and the other with the prefix "ne-". if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then negPrefix = (impNegForm == 2) and 'ne' or 'me' end -- Add sufix "-y" before certain vowels. if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. 'y</b>' end -- Elision before stems beginning with "a-" (removal of the final "-e"). if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then negPreFix = mw.ustring.sub(negPrefix, 1, -2) return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. '</b>' end return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. '</b>' end end -- ============================================================================= -- Standardization of the PREVERBAL PARTICLE -- The proverbial particle "ê" is placed after the personal pronoun. -- ============================================================================= -- If there are no verbal preparticles, return empty table. function export.getPreverbParticules(preverbParticle, typeStem, isTransitive) if not preverbParticle then return {s1='', s2='', s3='', p1='', p2='', p3=''} end if preverbParticle == 'ê' then local isErgative = isTransitive and (typeStem == 'past') -- When the personal pronoun ends in a vowel, a "y-" is added before "ê". -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: "min", "te", ... if isErgative then return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='yê/dê', p1='yê/dê', p2='yê/dê', p3='ê/dê'} else return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='ê/dê', p1='ê/dê', p2='ê/dê', p3='ê/dê'} end end -- If the verbal preparticle is identical for all pronouns, -- we create a table with the same value. local preverbParticles = {} for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do preverbParticles[pers] = preverbParticle end return preverbParticles end -- ============================================================================= -- RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING EACH VERB TENSE -- This table lists, for each verb tense, what elements are required to form it: -- - Verb conjugation is built by placing either the preverb "bi-" or "di-" before -- the verb stem (past or present), followed by a personal ending. -- - For the negative form, one of the prefixes "na-" or "ne-" is added as well. -- - In some cases, a preverbal particle such as /ê/ or /dê/ is added before -- the conjugated verb as well. -- Not: - The "negPreverb" (preverb (bi-/di-) for negative tenses) parameter has a -- value different from "nil" only for the Imperfect tense ("negPreverb=di"). -- - The parameter "negPrefix=na" is used only for the present indicative. -- -- Preverb "di", used in: "indPresent"(present stem), "indImperfect"(past stem) -- - Bo neyînî: pêşgira "di-" tenê di nav dema "IndImperfect" de tê bikaranîn. -- Preverb "bi", used in: "indFuture"(present stem), "subPresent"(present stem), -- "subImperfect"(past stem) = "condPresent"(past stem) -- - The prefix "bi-" isn't used in negative forms. -- -- Present stem, used in: "indPresent"(di)(na), -- "indFuture"(bi)(ne) = "subPresent"(bi)(ne) -- -- Past stem, used in: "indPreterite"(-)(ne), "indImperfect"(di)(ne), "indPluperfect"(-)(ne), -- "indPerfect"(-)(ne), "indNwPluperfect"(-)(ne), "indFuturePerfect"(-)(ne), -- "subPreterite"(-)(ne), -- "subImperfect"(bi)(ne) = "condPresent"(bi)(ne), -- "subPluperfect"(-)(ne) = "condPreterite"(-)(ne) -- ============================================================================= -- Some conjugations are identical except that they differ only in the preverbal particle (/ê/, /dê/). -- So, to avoid repeating the same information (and thus risking errors), -- we establish the common part shared between these verbs. local commonRules = { indFuture = { stem = "present", preverb = getPreverb['bi'], negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['present'] }, indFuturePerfect = { stem = "past", preverb = nil, negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['ibim'] }, subImperfect = { stem = "past", preverb = getPreverb['bi'], negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['ama'] }, subPluperfect = { stem = "past", preverb = nil, negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['ibûma'] } } local mt = { __index = function(t, k) local common = t._common if common then return common[k] end end } -- TENSE AND MOOD CLASSIFICATION TABLE export.tenseClassification = { -- IMPERATIVE MOOD impPresent = setmetatable({ name = "impPresent", nameKu = "raweya fermanî", nameEn = "present imperative", mode = "imperative", _common = commonRules.indFuture, preverbParticle = nil }, mt), -- INDICATIVE MOOD indPresent = { name = "indPresent", nameKu = "dema niha", nameEn = "present", mode = "indicative", stem = "present", preverb = getPreverb['di'], negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['na'], endings = getEndings['present'], preverbParticle = nil }, indPreterite = { name = "indPreterite", nameKu = "raboriya sade", nameEn = "simple past", mode = "indicative", stem = "past", preverb = nil, negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['past'], preverbParticle = nil }, indImperfect = { name = "indImperfect", nameKu = "raboriya berdest", nameEn = "Imperfect", mode = "indicative", stem = "past", preverb = getPreverb['di'], negPreverb = getPreverb['di'], negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['past'], preverbParticle = nil }, indPluperfect = { name = "indPluperfect", nameKu = "raboriya dûr", nameEn = "pluperfect", mode = "indicative", stem = "past", preverb = nil, negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['ibûm'], preverbParticle = nil }, indFuture = setmetatable({ name = "indFuture", nameKu = "dema bê", nameEn = "future", mode = "indicative", _common = commonRules.indFuture, preverbParticle = 'ê' }, mt), indFuturePerfect = setmetatable({ name = "indFuturePerfect", nameKu = "dahatiya pêş", nameEn = "future perfect", mode = "indicative", _common = commonRules.indFuturePerfect, preverbParticle = 'ê' }, mt), -- In some books, the "perfect" and "nonconfirmative pluperfect" tenses -- are classified in the "inferential mood" ("moda neşahidî"). -- Currently we classify them using the indicative mood (at the end). indPerfect = { name = "indPerfect", nameKu = "raboriya dûdar", nameEn = "perfect", mode = "indicative", stem = "past", preverb = nil, negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['ime'], preverbParticle = nil }, indNwPluperfect = { name = "indNwPluperfect", nameKu = "çîrokiya boriya dûdar", nameEn = "non-witnessed pluperfect", mode = "indicative", stem = "past", preverb = nil, negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['ibûme'], preverbParticle = nil }, -- SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD subPresent = setmetatable({ name = "subPresent", nameKu = "dema nihaya xwestekî", nameEn = "present subjunctive", mode = "subjunctive", _common = commonRules.indFuture, preverbParticle = nil }, mt), subPreterite = setmetatable({ name = "subPreterite", nameKu = "dema boriya xwestekî", nameEn = "preterite subjunctive", mode = "subjunctive", _common = commonRules.indFuturePerfect, preverbParticle = nil, }, mt), subImperfect = setmetatable({ name = "subImperfect", nameKu = "raboriya bilaniyê", nameEn = "imperfect subjunctive", mode = "subjunctive", _common = commonRules.subImperfect, preverbParticle = nil, }, mt), subPluperfect = setmetatable({ name = "subPluperfect", nameKu = "raboriya dûr a bilaniyê", nameEn = "pluperfect subjunctive", mode = "subjunctive", _common = commonRules.subPluperfect, preverbParticle = nil }, mt), -- CONDITIONAL MOOD condPresent = setmetatable({ name = "condPresent", nameKu = "çîrokiya dema nihaya mercî", nameEn = "present conditional", mode = "conditional", _common = commonRules.subImperfect, preverbParticle = 'ê' }, mt), condPreterite = setmetatable({ name = "condPreterite", nameKu = "dema boriya mercî", nameEn = "preterite conditional", mode = "conditional", _common = commonRules.subPluperfect, preverbParticle = 'ê' }, mt), } -- ============================================================================= -- MAIN CONJUGATION FUNCTOIN -- This function returns an array containing the conjugation table for a given -- tense as well as other information about the conjugated verb. -- ============================================================================= function export.conjugate(opts) opts = opts or {} -- Required parameters local tense = opts.tense or error("'tense' required", 2) --One of the two parameters is required: -- - If the tense uses the present stem, indicate "presentStem". -- - If it uses the past stem, indicate "pastStem". local presentStem = opts.presentStem local pastStem = opts.pastStem -- Optional parameters local isTransitive = opts.isTransitive or false -- Indicate if the verb is transitive (true/false) local isNegative = opts.isNegative or false -- Indicate if it's the negative form (true/false) local isCompoundVerb = opts.isCompoundVerb or false -- Indicate if it's a compound verb (true/false) local preSimpleVerb = opts.preSimpleVerb or '' -- The part before the simple verb local postSimpleVerb = opts.postSimpleVerb or '' -- The part after the simple verb -- These parameters are provided when the verb is irregular. -- Allows you to manually modify preverbs ("bi-"" or "di-") -- and negation prefixes ("na-" or "ne-") local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi or nil local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi or nil local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa or nil local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe or nil -- By default, the negation of the imperative is constructed from the prefix "me-"". -- To obtain the second variant, the prefix with "ne-", you must specify "impNegForm=2". local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm or nil -- Access to the classification table and retrieval of verb tense parameters local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') or false -- We check that this tense is indeed in table "tenseClassification". if (not infoTense) then return '<span style="color:red">Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'</span>' end -- We check that one of the two parameters of the stem is given if (infoTense.stem == 'present' and not presentStem) then return '<span style="color:red">presentStem parameter required</span>' elseif (infoTense.stem == 'past' and not pastStem) then return '<span style="color:red">pasttStem parameter required</span>' end -- Choice between the present stem or past stem local stem = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStem or pastStem --──────────────────────────── -- Conjugation construction -- -- ─────────────────────────── local preverb = '' local negPrefix = '' -- Ruturns the verb type: "simpleVerb" or "preverbVerb" or "compoundVerb" local verbStruct = export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb) if isNegative then negPrefix = infoTense.negPrefix{stem=stem, tenseName=tense, impNegForm=impNegForm, overrideNa=overrideNa, overrideNe=overrideNe} if infoTense.negPreverb then preverb = infoTense.negPreverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct, overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi} end else if infoTense.preverb then preverb = infoTense.preverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct, overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi} end end infoTense.conj = {} local spacing = isCompoundVerb and ' ' or '' local endings = infoTense:endings(stem) local preverbParticles = export.getPreverbParticules(infoTense.preverbParticle, infoTense.stem, isTransitive) local isErgative = isTransitive and (infoTense.stem == 'past') -- Creating the conjugation table for a given tense for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do local ending = '' local conjSimbleVerb = '' local conjVerb = '' if isErgative then ending = endings.s3 else ending = endings[pers] end -- Adding space after the preverbal particle local preverbParticle = preverbParticles[pers] if preverbParticle ~= '' then preverbParticle = preverbParticle .. ' ' end conjSimbleVerb = negPrefix .. preverb .. stem .. ending -- Adding prefixe and suffixe conjVerb = preSimpleVerb .. spacing .. conjSimbleVerb .. postSimpleVerb -- Spelling correction(îy -> iy) conjVerb = mw.ustring.gsub(conjVerb, 'îy', 'iy') -- Add a link conjVerb = link{term=conjVerb, lang=langKu} -- Addition of the preverbal particle --infoTense.conj[pers] = preverbParticle .. conjVerb infoTense.conj[pers] = conjVerb end -- Imperative if (infoTense.name == 'impPresent') then infoTense.conj.s1 = nil infoTense.conj.s2 = infoTense.conj.s3 infoTense.conj.s3 = nil infoTense.conj.p1 = nil --infoTense.conj.p2 = infoTense.conj.p2 infoTense.conj.p3 = nil end return infoTense end -- ============================================================================= -- END -- ============================================================================= -- Some useful tools -- ============================================================================= -- Returns the list of verb tenses export.tensesList = function() local list = {} for _, tense in pairs(export.tenseClassification) do table.insert(list, tense.name) end return list end -- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs -- (for a given conjugate tense in all persons of that tense) function export.concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjVerbs) local concatTab = {} for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do concatTab[pers] = pronoms[pers] .. ' ' .. conjVerbs[pers] end return concatTab end -- ============================================================================= -- ADDITIONAL STEM OF THE PAST AND PRESENT (pastStem2, ... and presentStem2, ...) -- This function does nothing more than add additional parameters for verb stems -- in the past and present tenses. -- Conjugations for the different stems will be separated by "/" -- ============================================================================= function export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems) local opts = baseOpts or {} opts.tense = tense or nil local presentStems = presentStems or {} local pastStems = pastStems or {} local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') or false -- We check that this tense is indeed in table "tenseClassification". if not infoTense then return '<span style="color:red">Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'</span>' end local stems = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStems or pastStems -- For each verb stem, its conjugation table is calculated and stored in conjTabs. local conjTabs = {} for i = 1, #stems do if stems[i] then if (infoTense.stem == 'past') then opts.pastStem = stems[i] end if (infoTense.stem == 'present') then opts.presentStem = stems[i] end local conj = export.conjugate(opts).conj table.insert(conjTabs, conj) end end -- We concatenate each row of the conjugation tables. local concatConjTabs = {} for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do local frag = {} for i = 1, #conjTabs do local val = conjTabs[i][pers] if val then table.insert(frag, tostring(val)) end end concatConjTabs[pers] = table.concat(frag, " / ") end infoTense.conj = concatConjTabs return infoTense end -- ==================================================================================== -- VERB CONUGATION IN ALL TENSES WITH PRONOUMS -- ==================================================================================== function export.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, negation, concatPrs) local opts = baseOpts or {} if negation == 'negative' then opts.isNegative = true end -- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs local concatPronomsVerbs = export.concatPronomsVerbs -- Tenses list local tensesList = export.tensesList() -- Conjugation in all tenses local conjTab = {} for _, tense in ipairs(tensesList) do local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') -- We create the conjugation table without the pronouns. conjTab[tense] = deepCopy(export.conjugateLong(opts, tense, presentStems, pastStems), 'copy') -- We concatenate the pronouns and the verbs if "concatPrs" is different of "false" -- (no pronoun for the imperative mood) if (tense ~= 'impPresent' and concatPrs ~= false) then local pronoms = deepCopy(export.conjPronouns(infoTense.stem, infoTense.mode, opts.isTransitive)) conjTab[tense].conj = concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjTab[tense].conj) end end return conjTab end -- ==================================================================================== -- Allows you to obtain a given conjugation from a model. -- Ex. in the template: {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=s1}} -- See {{ku-tewîn-lk-niha}} -- ==================================================================================== function export.tew(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local baseOpts = { isNegative = frame.args['neyînî'] or false, isTransitive = args['form'], isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false, preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or nil, postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil, overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil, overrideDi = args['di'] or nil, overrideNa = args['na'] or nil, overrideNe = args['na'] or nil, impNegForm = nil } local tense = frame.args['dem'] or nil local pers = frame.args['kes'] or nil local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']} local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']} -- A few checks if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then baseOpts.isTransitive = true elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then baseOpts.isTransitive = false else return '<span style="color:red">form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz</span>' end if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true else baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false end if (baseOpts.isNegative == 'erê') then baseOpts.isNegative = true end local tabConj = export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems).conj return tabConj[pers] end -- ==================================================================================== -- GET COMMMA SEPARED FORMS -- ==================================================================================== function export.get_comma_separated_forms(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local opts = { presentStem = frame.args['niha'], pastStem = frame.args['borî'], isTransitive = false, isNegative = false, isCompoundVerb = frame['valahî'] or false, preSimpleVerb = frame['pêşgir'] or '', postSimpleVerb = frame['paşgir'] or '', overrideBi = frame['bi'] or nil, overrideDi = frame['di'] or nil, overrideNa = frame['na'] or nil, overrideNe = frame['na'] or nil, impNegForm = nil, } local function removeTags(tag) tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '%[%[(.+)%|(.+)%]%]', '%2') tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '<b>(.+)</b>', '%1') tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '<span(.*)>(.*)</span>', '%2') return tag end local function concateList(tenseList) local concatList = {} for _, pers in ipairs({"s1", "s2", "s3", "p1"}) do tense = removeTags(tenseList[pers]) -- Remove tags table.insert(concatList, tense) end return table.concat(concatList, ",") end local tenseList = {'indPresent','indPreterite','indImperfect', 'indPluperfect','indPerfect','indNwPluperfect', 'indFuture','indFuturePerfect', 'subImperfect','subPluperfect' } local concatAllTense = {} for i = 1, #tenseList do local tense = tenseList[i] if export.tenseClassification[tense] then opts.tense = tense local conj = shallowCopy(export.conjugate(opts).conj) local concatTense = concateList(conj) table.insert(concatAllTense, concatTense) end end return table.concat(concatAllTense, ",") end return export 1bf22hwutzkujbkmf83q6lj0s7juyqz 6236181 6236089 2026-05-27T06:20:16Z Ghybu 1393 6236181 Scribunto text/plain -- Modula tewandina lêkerên kurmancî -- [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]] -- [[WF:ceribandin]] local export = {} -- Load irregular forms table -- local irreg = require('Module:ku-tewandin/dijrêzik') local langKu = require("Modul:languages").getByCode("ku") local link = require('Module:links').language_link local shallowCopy = require("Module:table/shallowCopy") local deepCopy = require("Module:table/deepCopy") -- ============================================================================= -- Pronouns in Kurmanji -- ============================================================================= export.order = {"s1", "s2", "s3", "p1", "p2", "p3"} export.pronouns = { s1 = "ez", p1 = "em", s2 = "tu", p2 = "hûn", s3 = "ew", p3 = "ew" } export.obliquePronouns = { s1 = "min", p1 = "me", s2 = "te", p2 = "we", s3 = "wê/wî", p3 = "wan" } export.agents = { s1 = "te, wî, wê, we, wan", p1 = "te, wî, wê, we, wan", s2 = "min, wî, wê, me, wan", p2 = "min, wî, wê, me, wan", s3 = "min, te, wî, wê, me, we, wan", p3 = "min, te, wî, wê, me, we, wan" } -- Oblique pronoun (green) export.obliquePronounsGreen = { s1 = '<span style="color:green">min</span>', s2 = '<span style="color:green">te</span>', s3 = '<span style="color:green">wê/wî</span>', p1 = '<span style="color:green">me</span>', p2 = '<span style="color:green">we</span>', p3 = '<span style="color:green">wan</span>' } -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -- 1) This function returns correct subject/agent pronoun, ergativity rule: -- - Transitive verbs in past tenses → oblique pronoun (green) = agent -- - All other cases → direct pronoun (no color) = subject -- 2) Also add the subjunctive prefix "(bila)" -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── function export.conjPronouns(stemType, mode, isTransitive) local pronouns = shallowCopy(export.pronouns) -- Ergativity in kurdish: transitive verbs that are conjugated with the past tense stem are -- conjugated according to the object, not the subject. -- Therefore, to have an ergative construction, -- the verb must be transitive and its stem must be the stem of the past tense. local isErgative = isTransitive and (stemType == 'past') -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: "min", "te", ... -- If it's not ergative, we use normal pronouns: "ez", "tu", ... if isErgative then pronouns = shallowCopy(export.obliquePronounsGreen) end -- For the subjunctive mood, we add "(bila)" at the beginning. if mode == 'subjunctive' then subjPrefix = '<span style="color:gray">(bila)</span>' for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do pronouns[pers] = subjPrefix .. ' ' .. pronouns[pers] end end return pronouns end -- ============================================================================= -- VERBAL STRUCTURE IN THE INFINITIVE: -- Verbs in the infinitive appear in three main forms: -- 1) Simple verb (indivisible light verb): -- - ex.: "kirin", "çûn", "xwarin", ... -- 2) Verbs with preverbs (preverb + simple verb): -- - ex.: "rakirin" (ra- + kirin), "çêkirin" (çê- + kirin), "vexwarin" (ve- + xwarin), ... -- - Preverb verbs don't use the prefix "bi-" (ez ê rakim , ew ê rake , ...) -- 3) Compound verbs, construction with non-verbal element (the noun is not attached to the verb): -- - Left of the simple verb: "hez kirin" ("hez" + "kirin"), "li dar xistin" ("li dar" + "xistin"), ... -- - Right of the simple verb: "kirin der" ("kirin" + "der"), "girtin ser xwe" ("girtin" + "ser xwe"), ... -- - Compound verbs use the prefix "bi-" (ez ê hez bi-kim , ew ê hez bi-ke ) -- STRUCTURE: preSimpleVerb + spacing + simpleVerb + postSimpleVerb -- EX. kirin: preSimpleVerb=''; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='' -- rakirin: preSimpleVerb='ra'; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='' -- hez kirin: preSimpleVerb='hez'; spacing=true; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='' -- pev çûn: preSimpleVerb='pev'; spacing=true; simpleVerb='çûn'; postSimpleVerb='' -- kirin der: preSimpleVerb=''; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='der' -- WARNING: Conjugation can vary depending on the type of verb. -- For example, in the future tense,the prefix "bi" is used for compound verbs, -- but not for preverbal verbs, see the function that manages it "tenseClassification" table. -- This table does not yet support the mixed case: a verb composed of a noun and a preverb verb. -- ============================================================================= function export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb) local type if (preSimpleVerb and preSimpleVerb ~= '' and not isCompoundVerb) then type = 'preverbVerb' elseif isCompoundVerb then type = 'compoundVerb' else type = 'simpleVerb' end return type end -- ================================================================ -- INFLECTIONAL ENDINGS -- Assigns verb inflectional endings (suffixes) to all tenses -- ================================================================ local getEndings = {} do -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -- Ending using present stem -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── getEndings['present'] = function(self, stem) local ends if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'} else ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='e', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'} end return ends end -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -- Ind. preterite + ind. imperfect ending -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── getEndings['past'] = function(self, stem) local ends if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiouû]$') then ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'} elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then -- if self.name == 'indImperfect' then -- -- special indicative ind. imperfect rule -- ends = {s1='yam', s2='yayî', s3='ya', p1='yan', p2='yan', p3='yan'} -- end ends = {s1='m', s2='', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'} else ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'} end return ends end -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -- Compound endings with auxiliary "bûn" -- Inflectional endings are created by taking the different forms of the -- verb "bûn" (with present stem "-b-" and past stem "-bû-") and -- adding an "i-" prefix before them: "i-b-im", "i-bû-m", "i-bû-me", "i-bû-ma". -- This "i-" varies according to the final letter of the verb stem. -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── local function normalize_i(stem) local prfx_i = "i" if mw.ustring.match(stem, "ya$") or mw.ustring.match(stem, "[îû]$") then -- cf. karîn (-karî-) prfx_i = "" elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiou]$') then prfx_i = "yi" end return prfx_i end getEndings['ibim'] = function(self, stem) local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem) return { s1 = prfx_i .. "bim", p1 = prfx_i .. "bin", s2 = prfx_i .. "bî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bin", s3 = prfx_i .. "be", p3 = prfx_i .. "bin" } end getEndings['ibûm'] = function(self, stem) local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem) return { s1 = prfx_i .. "bûm", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûn", s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûn", s3 = prfx_i .. "bû", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûn" } end getEndings['ibûme'] = function(self, stem) local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem) return { s1 = prfx_i .. "bûme", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûne", s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyiye", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûne", s3 = prfx_i .. "bûye", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûne" } end getEndings['ibûma'] = function(self, stem) local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem) return { s1 = prfx_i .. "bûma", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûna", s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyayî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûna", s3 = prfx_i .. "bûya", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûna" } end -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -- Ind. perfect ending. -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── getEndings['ime'] = function(self, stem) local ends if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then ends = {s1="me", s2="yî", s3="ye", p1="ne", p2="ne", p3="ne"} else ends = {s1="ime", s2="iyî", s3="iye", p1="ine", p2="ine", p3="ine"} end return ends end -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── -- Subj. Imperfect ending. -- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── getEndings['ama'] = function(self, stem) local ends -- The doublet in "-iyan" of verbs in -"în" (gerîn/-geriya-, kenîn/-keniya-, ...), -- in the conditional and subjunctive moods, a doublet "yaya" appears; it's removed. -- -yayayî → -yayî; -yaya → -ya if mw.ustring.match(stem, '(ya)$') then ends = {s1="ma", s2="yî", s3="", p1="na", p2="na", p3="na"} elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then ends = {s1="ma", s2="yayî", s3="ya", p1="na", p2="na", p3="na"} else ends = {s1="ama", s2="ayî", s3="a", p1="ana", p2="ana", p3="ana"} end return ends end end -- ============================================================================= -- RULES FOR PREVERBS: "bi-" and "di-" -- There are two preverbs: "bi-" and "di-". These preverbs can change form -- depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem. -- ============================================================================= local getPreverb = {} do getPreverb['bi'] = function (opts) local opts = opts or {} local stem = opts.stem local verbStruct = opts.verbStruct local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi -- Preverb verbs don't use the preverb "bi-": ra-kirin (ez ê rakim), ve-xwarin (ez ê vexwim) , ... -- But compound verb and simple verbs use it: hez kirin (ez ê hez bi-kim), lê bigirin (ez ê lê bi-girim), ... if (verbStruct == 'preverbVerb') then return '' end if overrideBi then return overrideBi end -- if irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] end -- Modification of the preverbe "bi-" according to the last letter of the stem. if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[aeêiîouû]') then return 'b' end return 'bi' end getPreverb['di'] = function (opts) local opts = opts or {} local stem = opts.stem local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi if overrideDi then return overrideDi end -- if irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] end -- Modification of the preverbe "di-" according to the last letter of the stem. if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[ai]') then return 'd' end -- Ex. hatin : stem = -ê- // ez têm if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[êî]') then return 't' end return 'di' end end -- ============================================================================= -- RULES FOR NEGATION PREFIXES: "na-" and "ne-" -- There are two negation prefixes: "na-" and "ne-". These preverbs can change -- form depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem. -- ============================================================================= local getNegPrefix = {} do getNegPrefix['na'] = function (opts) local opts = opts or {} local stem = opts.stem local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa if overrideNa then return '<b>' .. overrideNa .. '</b>' end -- if irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] end -- Add sufix "-y" before certain vowels. if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then return '<b>nay</b>' end -- Elision before stems beginning with "a-" (removal of the final "-e"). if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then return '<b>n</b>' end -- Tîpa duyem "-a-" ye (k-a-rîn, z-a-nîn, ...) if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^%wa') then return '<b>ni</b>' end return '<b>na</b>' end getNegPrefix['ne'] = function (opts) local opts = opts or {} local stem = opts.stem local tenseName = opts.tenseName local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe if overrideNe then return '<b>' .. overrideNe .. '</b>' end -- if irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] end local negPrefix = 'ne' -- There are two forms of construction of the imperative, -- one with the prefix "me-" and the other with the prefix "ne-". if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then negPrefix = (impNegForm == 2) and 'ne' or 'me' end -- Add sufix "-y" before certain vowels. if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. 'y</b>' end -- Elision before stems beginning with "a-" (removal of the final "-e"). if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then negPreFix = mw.ustring.sub(negPrefix, 1, -2) return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. '</b>' end return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. '</b>' end end -- ============================================================================= -- Standardization of the PREVERBAL PARTICLE -- The proverbial particle "ê" is placed after the personal pronoun. -- ============================================================================= -- If there are no verbal preparticles, return empty table. function export.getPreverbParticules(preverbParticle, typeStem, isTransitive) if not preverbParticle then return {s1='', s2='', s3='', p1='', p2='', p3=''} end if preverbParticle == 'ê' then local isErgative = isTransitive and (typeStem == 'past') -- When the personal pronoun ends in a vowel, a "y-" is added before "ê". -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: "min", "te", ... if isErgative then return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='yê/dê', p1='yê/dê', p2='yê/dê', p3='ê/dê'} else return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='ê/dê', p1='ê/dê', p2='ê/dê', p3='ê/dê'} end end -- If the verbal preparticle is identical for all pronouns, -- we create a table with the same value. local preverbParticles = {} for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do preverbParticles[pers] = preverbParticle end return preverbParticles end -- ============================================================================= -- RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING EACH VERB TENSE -- This table lists, for each verb tense, what elements are required to form it: -- - Verb conjugation is built by placing either the preverb "bi-" or "di-" before -- the verb stem (past or present), followed by a personal ending. -- - For the negative form, one of the prefixes "na-" or "ne-" is added as well. -- - In some cases, a preverbal particle such as /ê/ or /dê/ is added before -- the conjugated verb as well. -- Not: - The "negPreverb" (preverb (bi-/di-) for negative tenses) parameter has a -- value different from "nil" only for the Imperfect tense ("negPreverb=di"). -- - The parameter "negPrefix=na" is used only for the present indicative. -- -- Preverb "di", used in: "indPresent"(present stem), "indImperfect"(past stem) -- - Bo neyînî: pêşgira "di-" tenê di nav dema "IndImperfect" de tê bikaranîn. -- Preverb "bi", used in: "indFuture"(present stem), "subPresent"(present stem), -- "subImperfect"(past stem) = "condPresent"(past stem) -- - The prefix "bi-" isn't used in negative forms. -- -- Present stem, used in: "indPresent"(di)(na), -- "indFuture"(bi)(ne) = "subPresent"(bi)(ne) -- -- Past stem, used in: "indPreterite"(-)(ne), "indImperfect"(di)(ne), "indPluperfect"(-)(ne), -- "indPerfect"(-)(ne), "indNwPluperfect"(-)(ne), "indFuturePerfect"(-)(ne), -- "subPreterite"(-)(ne), -- "subImperfect"(bi)(ne) = "condPresent"(bi)(ne), -- "subPluperfect"(-)(ne) = "condPreterite"(-)(ne) -- ============================================================================= -- Some conjugations are identical except that they differ only in the preverbal particle (/ê/, /dê/). -- So, to avoid repeating the same information (and thus risking errors), -- we establish the common part shared between these verbs. local commonRules = { indFuture = { stem = "present", preverb = getPreverb['bi'], negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['present'] }, indFuturePerfect = { stem = "past", preverb = nil, negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['ibim'] }, subImperfect = { stem = "past", preverb = getPreverb['bi'], negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['ama'] }, subPluperfect = { stem = "past", preverb = nil, negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['ibûma'] } } local mt = { __index = function(t, k) local common = t._common if common then return common[k] end end } -- TENSE AND MOOD CLASSIFICATION TABLE export.tenseClassification = { -- IMPERATIVE MOOD impPresent = setmetatable({ name = "impPresent", nameKu = "raweya fermanî", nameEn = "present imperative", mode = "imperative", _common = commonRules.indFuture, preverbParticle = nil }, mt), -- INDICATIVE MOOD indPresent = { name = "indPresent", nameKu = "dema niha", nameEn = "present", mode = "indicative", stem = "present", preverb = getPreverb['di'], negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['na'], endings = getEndings['present'], preverbParticle = nil }, indPreterite = { name = "indPreterite", nameKu = "raboriya sade", nameEn = "simple past", mode = "indicative", stem = "past", preverb = nil, negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['past'], preverbParticle = nil }, indImperfect = { name = "indImperfect", nameKu = "raboriya berdest", nameEn = "Imperfect", mode = "indicative", stem = "past", preverb = getPreverb['di'], negPreverb = getPreverb['di'], negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['past'], preverbParticle = nil }, indPluperfect = { name = "indPluperfect", nameKu = "raboriya dûr", nameEn = "pluperfect", mode = "indicative", stem = "past", preverb = nil, negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['ibûm'], preverbParticle = nil }, indFuture = setmetatable({ name = "indFuture", nameKu = "dema bê", nameEn = "future", mode = "indicative", _common = commonRules.indFuture, preverbParticle = 'ê' }, mt), indFuturePerfect = setmetatable({ name = "indFuturePerfect", nameKu = "dahatiya pêş", nameEn = "future perfect", mode = "indicative", _common = commonRules.indFuturePerfect, preverbParticle = 'ê' }, mt), -- In some books, the "perfect" and "nonconfirmative pluperfect" tenses -- are classified in the "inferential mood" ("moda neşahidî"). -- Currently we classify them using the indicative mood (at the end). indPerfect = { name = "indPerfect", nameKu = "raboriya dûdar", nameEn = "perfect", mode = "indicative", stem = "past", preverb = nil, negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['ime'], preverbParticle = nil }, indNwPluperfect = { name = "indNwPluperfect", nameKu = "çîrokiya boriya dûdar", nameEn = "non-witnessed pluperfect", mode = "indicative", stem = "past", preverb = nil, negPreverb = nil, negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'], endings = getEndings['ibûme'], preverbParticle = nil }, -- SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD subjPresent = setmetatable({ name = "subjPresent", nameKu = "dema nihaya xwestekî", nameEn = "present subjunctive", mode = "subjunctive", _common = commonRules.indFuture, preverbParticle = nil }, mt), subjPreterite = setmetatable({ name = "subjPreterite", nameKu = "dema boriya xwestekî", nameEn = "preterite subjunctive", mode = "subjunctive", _common = commonRules.indFuturePerfect, preverbParticle = nil, }, mt), subjImperfect = setmetatable({ name = "subjImperfect", nameKu = "raboriya bilaniyê", nameEn = "imperfect subjunctive", mode = "subjunctive", _common = commonRules.subImperfect, preverbParticle = nil, }, mt), subjPluperfect = setmetatable({ name = "subjPluperfect", nameKu = "raboriya dûr a bilaniyê", nameEn = "pluperfect subjunctive", mode = "subjunctive", _common = commonRules.subPluperfect, preverbParticle = nil }, mt), -- CONDITIONAL MOOD condPresent = setmetatable({ name = "condPresent", nameKu = "çîrokiya dema nihaya mercî", nameEn = "present conditional", mode = "conditional", _common = commonRules.subImperfect, preverbParticle = 'ê' }, mt), condPreterite = setmetatable({ name = "condPreterite", nameKu = "dema boriya mercî", nameEn = "preterite conditional", mode = "conditional", _common = commonRules.subPluperfect, preverbParticle = 'ê' }, mt), } -- ============================================================================= -- MAIN CONJUGATION FUNCTOIN -- This function returns an array containing the conjugation table for a given -- tense as well as other information about the conjugated verb. -- ============================================================================= function export.conjugate(opts) opts = opts or {} -- Required parameters local tense = opts.tense or error("'tense' required", 2) --One of the two parameters is required: -- - If the tense uses the present stem, indicate "presentStem". -- - If it uses the past stem, indicate "pastStem". local presentStem = opts.presentStem local pastStem = opts.pastStem -- Optional parameters local isTransitive = opts.isTransitive or false -- Indicate if the verb is transitive (true/false) local isNegative = opts.isNegative or false -- Indicate if it's the negative form (true/false) local isCompoundVerb = opts.isCompoundVerb or false -- Indicate if it's a compound verb (true/false) local preSimpleVerb = opts.preSimpleVerb or '' -- The part before the simple verb local postSimpleVerb = opts.postSimpleVerb or '' -- The part after the simple verb -- These parameters are provided when the verb is irregular. -- Allows you to manually modify preverbs ("bi-"" or "di-") -- and negation prefixes ("na-" or "ne-") local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi or nil local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi or nil local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa or nil local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe or nil -- By default, the negation of the imperative is constructed from the prefix "me-"". -- To obtain the second variant, the prefix with "ne-", you must specify "impNegForm=2". local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm or nil -- Access to the classification table and retrieval of verb tense parameters local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') or false -- We check that this tense is indeed in table "tenseClassification". if (not infoTense) then return '<span style="color:red">Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'</span>' end -- We check that one of the two parameters of the stem is given if (infoTense.stem == 'present' and not presentStem) then return '<span style="color:red">presentStem parameter required</span>' elseif (infoTense.stem == 'past' and not pastStem) then return '<span style="color:red">pasttStem parameter required</span>' end -- Choice between the present stem or past stem local stem = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStem or pastStem --──────────────────────────── -- Conjugation construction -- -- ─────────────────────────── local preverb = '' local negPrefix = '' -- Ruturns the verb type: "simpleVerb" or "preverbVerb" or "compoundVerb" local verbStruct = export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb) if isNegative then negPrefix = infoTense.negPrefix{stem=stem, tenseName=tense, impNegForm=impNegForm, overrideNa=overrideNa, overrideNe=overrideNe} if infoTense.negPreverb then preverb = infoTense.negPreverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct, overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi} end else if infoTense.preverb then preverb = infoTense.preverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct, overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi} end end infoTense.conj = {} local spacing = isCompoundVerb and ' ' or '' local endings = infoTense:endings(stem) local preverbParticles = export.getPreverbParticules(infoTense.preverbParticle, infoTense.stem, isTransitive) local isErgative = isTransitive and (infoTense.stem == 'past') -- Creating the conjugation table for a given tense for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do local ending = '' local conjSimbleVerb = '' local conjVerb = '' if isErgative then ending = endings.s3 else ending = endings[pers] end -- Adding space after the preverbal particle local preverbParticle = preverbParticles[pers] if preverbParticle ~= '' then preverbParticle = preverbParticle .. ' ' end conjSimbleVerb = negPrefix .. preverb .. stem .. ending -- Adding prefixe and suffixe conjVerb = preSimpleVerb .. spacing .. conjSimbleVerb .. postSimpleVerb -- Spelling correction(îy -> iy) conjVerb = mw.ustring.gsub(conjVerb, 'îy', 'iy') -- Add a link conjVerb = link{term=conjVerb, lang=langKu} -- Addition of the preverbal particle --infoTense.conj[pers] = preverbParticle .. conjVerb infoTense.conj[pers] = conjVerb end -- Imperative if (infoTense.name == 'impPresent') then infoTense.conj.s1 = nil infoTense.conj.s2 = infoTense.conj.s3 infoTense.conj.s3 = nil infoTense.conj.p1 = nil --infoTense.conj.p2 = infoTense.conj.p2 infoTense.conj.p3 = nil end return infoTense end -- ============================================================================= -- END -- ============================================================================= -- Some useful tools -- ============================================================================= -- Returns the list of verb tenses export.tensesList = function() local list = {} for _, tense in pairs(export.tenseClassification) do table.insert(list, tense.name) end return list end -- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs -- (for a given conjugate tense in all persons of that tense) function export.concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjVerbs) local concatTab = {} for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do concatTab[pers] = pronoms[pers] .. ' ' .. conjVerbs[pers] end return concatTab end -- ============================================================================= -- ADDITIONAL STEM OF THE PAST AND PRESENT (pastStem2, ... and presentStem2, ...) -- This function does nothing more than add additional parameters for verb stems -- in the past and present tenses. -- Conjugations for the different stems will be separated by "/" -- ============================================================================= function export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems) local opts = baseOpts or {} opts.tense = tense or nil local presentStems = presentStems or {} local pastStems = pastStems or {} local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') or false -- We check that this tense is indeed in table "tenseClassification". if not infoTense then return '<span style="color:red">Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'</span>' end local stems = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStems or pastStems -- For each verb stem, its conjugation table is calculated and stored in conjTabs. local conjTabs = {} for i = 1, #stems do if stems[i] then if (infoTense.stem == 'past') then opts.pastStem = stems[i] end if (infoTense.stem == 'present') then opts.presentStem = stems[i] end local conj = export.conjugate(opts).conj table.insert(conjTabs, conj) end end -- We concatenate each row of the conjugation tables. local concatConjTabs = {} for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do local frag = {} for i = 1, #conjTabs do local val = conjTabs[i][pers] if val then table.insert(frag, tostring(val)) end end concatConjTabs[pers] = table.concat(frag, " / ") end infoTense.conj = concatConjTabs return infoTense end -- ==================================================================================== -- VERB CONUGATION IN ALL TENSES WITH PRONOUMS -- ==================================================================================== function export.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, negation, concatPrs) local opts = baseOpts or {} if negation == 'negative' then opts.isNegative = true end -- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs local concatPronomsVerbs = export.concatPronomsVerbs -- Tenses list local tensesList = export.tensesList() -- Conjugation in all tenses local conjTab = {} for _, tense in ipairs(tensesList) do local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') -- We create the conjugation table without the pronouns. conjTab[tense] = deepCopy(export.conjugateLong(opts, tense, presentStems, pastStems), 'copy') -- We concatenate the pronouns and the verbs if "concatPrs" is different of "false" -- (no pronoun for the imperative mood) if (tense ~= 'impPresent' and concatPrs ~= false) then local pronoms = deepCopy(export.conjPronouns(infoTense.stem, infoTense.mode, opts.isTransitive)) conjTab[tense].conj = concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjTab[tense].conj) end end return conjTab end -- ==================================================================================== -- Allows you to obtain a given conjugation from a model. -- Ex. in the template: {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=s1}} -- See {{ku-tewîn-lk-niha}} -- ==================================================================================== function export.tew(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local baseOpts = { isNegative = frame.args['neyînî'] or false, isTransitive = args['form'], isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false, preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or nil, postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil, overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil, overrideDi = args['di'] or nil, overrideNa = args['na'] or nil, overrideNe = args['na'] or nil, impNegForm = nil } local tense = frame.args['dem'] or nil local pers = frame.args['kes'] or nil local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']} local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']} -- A few checks if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then baseOpts.isTransitive = true elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then baseOpts.isTransitive = false else return '<span style="color:red">form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz</span>' end if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true else baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false end if (baseOpts.isNegative == 'erê') then baseOpts.isNegative = true end local tabConj = export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems).conj return tabConj[pers] end -- ==================================================================================== -- GET COMMMA SEPARED FORMS -- ==================================================================================== function export.get_comma_separated_forms(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local opts = { presentStem = frame.args['niha'], pastStem = frame.args['borî'], isTransitive = false, isNegative = false, isCompoundVerb = frame['valahî'] or false, preSimpleVerb = frame['pêşgir'] or '', postSimpleVerb = frame['paşgir'] or '', overrideBi = frame['bi'] or nil, overrideDi = frame['di'] or nil, overrideNa = frame['na'] or nil, overrideNe = frame['na'] or nil, impNegForm = nil, } local function removeTags(tag) tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '%[%[(.+)%|(.+)%]%]', '%2') tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '<b>(.+)</b>', '%1') tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '<span(.*)>(.*)</span>', '%2') return tag end local function concateList(tenseList) local concatList = {} for _, pers in ipairs({"s1", "s2", "s3", "p1"}) do tense = removeTags(tenseList[pers]) -- Remove tags table.insert(concatList, tense) end return table.concat(concatList, ",") end local tenseList = {'indPresent','indPreterite','indImperfect', 'indPluperfect','indPerfect','indNwPluperfect', 'indFuture','indFuturePerfect', 'subjImperfect','subjPluperfect' } local concatAllTense = {} for i = 1, #tenseList do local tense = tenseList[i] if export.tenseClassification[tense] then opts.tense = tense local conj = shallowCopy(export.conjugate(opts).conj) local concatTense = concateList(conj) table.insert(concatAllTense, concatTense) end end return table.concat(concatAllTense, ",") end return export nrg8g47m9gu8j0jr5uvpt8pwpl57ufl Modul:ku-tewandin/tabloGotar 828 1357097 6236110 6234464 2026-05-27T00:15:01Z Ghybu 1393 6236110 Scribunto text/plain -- ==================================================================================== -- Modula tabloya gotaran, bikaranîn: {{ku-tewîn-lk}} -- Ji bo tabloya mezin, bnr. [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo]] -- Ji bo stîla vê tabloyê, bnr. {{ku-tewîn-nav/style.css}} -- ==================================================================================== local export = {} local conj = require('Modul:ku-tewandin') function export.tew(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local baseOpts = { isTransitive = args['form'], isNegative = false, isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false, preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or nil, postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil, overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil, overrideDi = args['di'] or nil, overrideNa = args['na'] or nil, overrideNe = args['na'] or nil, impNegForm = nil } local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']} local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']} if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then baseOpts.isTransitive = true elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then baseOpts.isTransitive = false else return '<span style="color:red">form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz</span>' end if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true else baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false end -- Retrieving conjugation tables for different tenses local indPresent = conj.conjugateLong(baseOpts, 'indPresent', presentStems, pastStems).conj local impPresent = conj.conjugateLong(baseOpts, 'impPresent', presentStems, pastStems).conj local indPreterite = conj.conjugateLong(baseOpts, 'indPreterite', presentStems, pastStems).conj -- Past pronouns for preterite tense local prtPronouns = conj.conjPronouns('past', 'indicative', baseOpts.isTransitive) -- ========================================================================= -- TABLE -- ========================================================================= -- Construction of the verbal stems for the table title ("rehNiha" and "rehBori") local verb = args[1] or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText local transitivity = args['form'] local preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or '' local postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or '' local sameConjAs = args['wekî'] or nil local prsStemsFormat = {} for _, stem in ipairs(presentStems) do if stem then prsStemsFormat[#prsStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end end local pstStemsFormat = {} for _, stem in ipairs(pastStems) do if stem then pstStemsFormat[#pstStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end end local prsStems = table.concat(prsStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb local pstStems = table.concat(pstStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb -- Formata "Raweya pêşkerî" (RP.) local indTitle = '<span style="cursor:help;" title="Raweya pêşkerî">' .. '<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted #555555; ">RP.</span>' .. '</span>' local function nobold(str) return '<span style="font-weight:normal;"> '.. str .. '</span>' end -- Preloads [[Şablon:ku-tewandin/preload]] local function preloadUrl(title, preload) local params = { args['form'], args['niha'], args['niha2'] or nil, args['niha3'] or nil, args['borî'], args['borî2'] or nil, args['pêşgir'] or nil, args['valahî'] or nil, args['paşgir'] or nil } local query = { action = 'edit', preload = preload, ['preloadparams'] = params } local url = mw.uri.fullUrl(title, query) url = '<span class="plainlinks">[' .. tostring(url) .. ' <span style="color:#9f3526">'.. title .. '</span>' .. ']</span>' return url end -- Formên din local otherConjForms = nil if (mw.title.new(verb, 'Tewandin').exists == true) then otherConjForms = '[['.. 'Tewandin:'.. verb ..']]' elseif sameConjAs then otherConjForms = 'wekî [['.. 'Tewandin:' .. sameConjAs ..']]' else otherConjForms = preloadUrl('Tewandin:' .. verb, 'Şablon:ku-tewandin/preload') end return '{| class="wikitable tablo-flip tewandin-tablo mw-collapsible"' .. '\n! colspan="3" class="row-flip tewandin-header" |' .. verb .. ' ' .. nobold('('.. transitivity .. '</span>)') .. '\n|-' .. '\n! colspan="3" class="tewandin-header3" align="center" style="font-size:85%;" |' .. nobold('Rehê dema niha:') .. ' ' .. prsStems .. '\n|-' .. '\n! rowspan="5" |' .. indTitle .. '<br>Niha' .. '\n|-' .. '\n| width="60" |ez' .. '\n| width="100" |' .. indPresent.s1 .. '\n|-' .. '\n| tu' .. '\n|' .. indPresent.s2 .. '\n|-' .. '\n| ew' .. '\n|' .. indPresent.s3 .. '\n|-' .. '\n| em, hûn, ew' .. '\n| ' .. indPresent.p1 .. '\n|-' .. '\n! rowspan="2" | Fermanî' .. '\n| width="60" | <small>Yekjimar</small>' .. '\n| width="100" |' .. impPresent.s2 .. '\n|-' .. '\n| width="60" | <small>Pirjimar</small>' .. '\n| width="100" |' .. impPresent.p2 .. '\n|-' .. '\n! colspan="3" class="tewandin-header3" align="center" style="font-size:85%;" |' .. nobold('Rehê dema borî:') .. ' ' .. pstStems .. '\n|-' .. '\n! rowspan="5" |'.. indTitle ..'<br>Boriya<br>sade' .. '\n|-' .. '\n|' .. prtPronouns.s1 .. '\n|' .. indPreterite.s1 .. '\n|-' .. '\n|' .. prtPronouns.s2 .. '\n|' .. indPreterite.s2 .. '\n|-' .. '\n|' .. prtPronouns.s3 .. '\n|' .. indPreterite.s3 .. '\n|-' .. '\n|' .. prtPronouns.p1 .. ', ' .. prtPronouns.p2 .. ', ' .. prtPronouns.p3 .. '\n|' .. indPreterite.p1 .. '\n|-' .. '\n| colspan="3" style="text-align:center; background-color:#transparent;" |' .. 'Formên din: [[Wêne:1rightarrow.png|15px|link=]]' .. otherConjForms .. '\n|}' end return export r3oivmvs7e1j65x6qpkn768ojhq9f8r Şablon:ku-çîrokiya-boriya-dûdar 10 1357138 6236162 6234501 2026-05-27T04:21:16Z Ghybu 1393 id 6236162 wikitext text/x-wiki ''Kesê [[{{{2}}}]] {{{3}}} [[çîrokiya boriya dûdar]]&nbsp;{{#if:{{{4|}}}|ya&nbsp;{{{4|}}}&nbsp;}}ji lêker'' '''[[{{{1}}}]]'''{{#ifexist:Tewandin:{{{1}}}|&nbsp;''([[Tewandin:{{{1}}}#indNwPluperfect|tewandin]])''|}}.<includeonly>[[Kategorî:Çîrokiya boriya dûdar&nbsp;{{#if:{{{4|}}}|ya&nbsp;{{{4|}}}&nbsp;}}bi {{navê zimanî|ku}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> {{belgekirin|naverok={{ku-dema-niha/belge}}}} </noinclude> 8ea92ffeg49oc8w9fzjwlhspj9ryrxd دروومان 0 1357250 6236084 2026-05-26T14:16:40Z حوسێن 9221 ([[Mediawiki:Gadget-start.js|WF:Nû]]) +ckb:navdêr:# [[dirûman|Dirûman]].#* {{bêmînak|ckb}} 6236084 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ckb}} == === Navdêr === {{navdêr|ckb|tr=dirûman}} # [[dirûman]] #* {{bêmînak|ckb}} ==== Hevmane ==== * {{g|ckb|خەیاتی}} qn9c3ec1rz8dlcige5994uledxpdwh6 jehrnasî 0 1357251 6236188 2026-05-27T07:45:06Z Avestaboy 5833 Rûpel bi "== {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-kîte}} === Navdêr === {{ku-tewîn-nav|jehrnasî|mê}} {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # [[zanist|Zanist]]a li ser [[jiyan]]a [[kurd]]an, [[lêkolîn]]ên [[zanistî]] li ser [[kurd]]an. #: {{hevmaneyên peyvê|ku|toksîkolojî}} ==== Herwiha ==== * {{g|ku|jehrnas}} ==== Têkildar ==== ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{paş|ku|jehr|-nasî}}." hat çêkirin 6236188 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-kîte}} === Navdêr === {{ku-tewîn-nav|jehrnasî|mê}} {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # [[zanist|Zanist]]a li ser [[jiyan]]a [[kurd]]an, [[lêkolîn]]ên [[zanistî]] li ser [[kurd]]an. #: {{hevmaneyên peyvê|ku|toksîkolojî}} ==== Herwiha ==== * {{g|ku|jehrnas}} ==== Têkildar ==== ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{paş|ku|jehr|-nasî}}. 3cxo9yo8osq8dglad5phhhm9u6n67jl 6236189 6236188 2026-05-27T07:47:10Z Avestaboy 5833 6236189 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-kîte}} === Navdêr === {{ku-tewîn-nav|jehrnasî|mê}} {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # lêkolîna jehr, jehrandin û dermankirina wan #: {{hevmaneyên peyvê|ku|toksîkolojî}} ==== Herwiha ==== * {{g|ku|jehrnas}} ==== Têkildar ==== ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{paş|ku|jehr|-nasî}}. 3kqo44578wa3j2bzek1dgus12nj86w1