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/* Navdêr 1 */
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{{bnr-h|-şîn-|şîn|sîn|sin|Sîn|siň|Sin|siŋ|sín}}
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163 (kmr)-Key Mîrza-şîn.wav|Deng|Wan}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Rengdêr 1 ===
{{ku-tewîn-rd|şîn}}
[[Wêne:Ship atrium small white sail.JPG|thumb|Derya û esmanekî '''şîn'''. (1)]]
[[Wêne:A Green field in the countryside - geograph.org.uk - 193455.jpg|thumb|Zeviyekî '''şîn'''. (2)]]
{{rengdêr|ku}}
# {{f|ku|reng}} Rengê wek rengê [[esman]]î yan wek yê [[behr]]ê. {{reng|#0000FF}}
#* {{jêder-kitêb|ku|jêgirtin=Qutikekî Lewîs ê '''şîn''' ê ku ji ber şuştinê rengê wî ber bi sipîbûnê diçe, lê bû.|nivîskar={{w|Mustafa Aydogan}}|sernav=Pêlên Bêrîkirinê|weşanxane=Nûdem|sal=1997|r=16}}
#* {{jêder|ku|jêgirtin=Li cîhê ku zerya û esman bi hev re dibin yek, komên ewran çîlspî ne. Lê jorê, cîhê ku êdî ewr diqedin, esman bi rengê '''şîn''' xemiliye. Rengê spî xwe qulipandiye ser rengê '''şîn'''.|{{Jêgirtin/Mehmed Uzun/Bîra qederê/2002}}}}
# {{f|ku|reng}} [[kesk|Kesk]]; ji bo tiştên [[tebîî]] wek: [[belg]], [[pîvaz]] û [[sêv]]. {{reng|#00C853}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|شین}}
==== Hevmane ====
* {{g|ku|hişîn}}, {{g|ku|hêşîn}}
==== Jê ====
* [[şînayî]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
{{etymon|ku|id=şîn, kesk|inh|ira-pro>*axšáyHnah>?}}
Herewsan {{q|ku|hêşîn}}, {{q|ku|hişîn}}, ji {{mîr|ira-pro|ku|*axšáyHnah|w=şîn; kesk}}.
Hevrehî {{hv|ckb|شین}}, {{hv|fa|خشین|tr=xeşîn|w=gewr}}, {{hv|pal|tr=exşên|w=şîn(ê tarî)}}, {{hv|peo|𐎠𐎧𐏁𐎡𐎴|ts=axšainaʰ|w=fîroze}}, {{hv|ae|𐬀𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀}}.
Bi {{hv|ira-pro|-}} ''"kesk"'' û ''"şîn"'' yek bû, û {{q|ku|kew}} a zimanên din ên kurdî ji {{mîr|ira-pro|ku|*kapáwtah}} hate dariştin. Cihêrrengiya navber van du bêjeyan dişê bibe ''şînê ron'' û ''şînê tarî''; tevî ''"şîn"'' bi ramana ''şînê tarî'' bûyî. {{q|ku|şînahî}}, {{q|ku|şînkatî}}, {{q|ku|şîn bûn}} û yên din ji vê bêjeyê dariştî ne bi mehneya xwe a kevn a ''kesk'', û lêvandina ''-ş'''ê'''n-'' ji ber bandora bêjeya {{q|ku|şên|w=şox, şeng}} e û zimanên din ên kurdî da xweya nabe.
Peyvên wekhev ên zimanên slavî wek {{hv|ru|синий|w=şînê tarî}} yan jî zimanên uralî wek {{hv|fi|sini|t=şîn}} qer nîn in tevî wekheviya wan jî. Jê pê va neyeqîn e; şayed ji {{q|iir-pro|*akšám|w=cisneke gewheran, zaxa şîn}} (>{{hv|sa|अक्ष|tr=akṣá|w=zaxa şîn}}).
==== Bi zaravayên din ====
* {{Z|hac}}: {{W-|hac|kewe|sc=Latn}}, {{W-|hac|kewê|sc=Latn}}
* {{Z|sdh}}: {{W-|sdh|kew|sc=Latn}}
* {{Z|ckb}}: {{W-|ckb|شین|tr=şîn}}, {{W-|ckb|کهوه|tr=kewe}}, {{W-|ckb|ئاوی|tr=awî}}
* {{Z|zza}}: {{W-|zza|kewe}}, {{W-|zza|kiho}}, {{W-|zza|heşîn}}, {{W-|zza|hêşîn}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser|Rengê wek rengê esmanî yan wek yê behrê.}}
* {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|blou}}
* {{Z|sq}}: {{W-|sq|kaltërt}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Blau|nt}}
* {{Z|an}}: {{W-|an|azul|n}}
* {{Z|ast}}: {{W+|ast|azul|n}}
* {{Z|az}}: {{W+|az|mavi}}
* {{Z|eu}}: {{W+|eu|urdin}}
* {{Z|be}}: {{W+|be|сі́ні}}, {{W-|be|блакі́тны}}
* {{Z|br}}: {{W+|br|glas}}
* {{Z|bg}}: {{W+|bg|син|sc=Cyrl}}
* {{Z|my}}: {{W+|my|အပြာ|sc=Mymr}}
* {{Z|ce}}: {{W-|ce|сийна}}
* {{Z|cs}}: {{W+|cs|modř|m}}
* {{Z|chr}}: {{W-|chr|ᏐᎪᏂᎨ|sc=Cher}}
* {{Z|zh}}:
*: {{Z|yue}}: {{W-|yue|藍色|sc=Hani}}, {{W-|yue|蓝色|tr=laam4 sik1|sc=Hani}}
*: {{Z|cmn}}: {{W+|cmn|藍色}}, {{W+|cmn|蓝色|tr=lánsè}}
* {{Z|ckt}}: {{W-|ckt|ныԓиԓиԓӄин|tr=nyḷiḷiḷqin}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|blå}}
* {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|biru}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W+|ar|أَزْرَق}}
*: {{Z|ary}}: {{W-|ary|زرق|tr=zraq}}
* {{Z|hy}}: {{W+|hy|կապույտ}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W-|eo|bluo}}
* {{Z|et}}: {{W+|et|sinine}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|آبی|tr=âbi}}
* {{Z|fo}}: {{W+|fo|bláur|n}}, {{W+|fo|blátt|nt}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|sininen}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|bleu|n}}
* {{Z|fy}}: {{W+|fy|blau}}
* {{Z|gd}}: {{W-|gd|gorm}}
* {{Z|gl}}: {{W+|gl|azul|n}}
* {{Z|sdn}}: {{W-|sdn|biaittu}}
* {{Z|ka}}: {{W+|ka|ლურჯი|sc=Geor}}
* {{Z|haw}}: {{W-|haw|polū}}, {{W-|haw|uliuli}}
* {{Z|hi}}: {{W+|hi|नीला|n}}, {{W+|hi|आसमानी|m}}, {{W+|hi|आबी|n}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|blauw|nt}}
* {{Z|he}}: {{W+|he|כָּחוֹל|n|tr=kaḥól|sc=Hebr}}, {{W+|he|תְּכֵלֶת|m|tr=tchélet}}
* {{Z|ang}}: {{W-|ang|blāw}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|blue}}
* {{Z|ga}}: {{W+|ga|gorm}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|blu|n}}, {{W+|it|azzurro|n}}
* {{Z|is}}: {{W+|is|blár}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|青|tr=あお, ao}}
* {{Z|jv}}: {{W+|jv|biru}}
* {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|blau}}
* {{Z|ky}}: {{W+|ky|көк}}
* {{Z|ko}}: {{W+|ko|파랑}}, {{W+|ko|파란색}}
* {{Z|kw}}: {{W-|kw|glas}}, {{W-|kw|blou}}
* {{Z|la}}: {{W+|la|caeruleus}}, {{W+|la|glaucus}}, {{W+|la|caesius}}
* {{Z|lv}}: {{W+|lv|zils}}
* {{Z|lt}}: {{W-|lt|mėlyna}}
* {{Z|lb}}: {{W+|lb|Blo|m}}
* {{Z|mk}}: {{W-|mk|сина}}, {{W-|mk|син}}
* {{Z|ml}}: {{W+|ml|നീല}}
* {{Z|ms}}: {{W+|ms|biru}}
* {{Z|mt}}: {{W+|mt|blu}}, {{W-|mt|ikħal}}, {{W-|mt|iżraq}}
* {{Z|gv}}: {{W-|gv|gorrym}}
* {{Z|mr}}: {{W+|mr|निळा|sc=Deva}}
* {{Z|yua}}: {{W-|yua|ch'ooj}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|kék}}
* {{Z|nv}}: {{W-|nv|dootłʼizh}}
* {{Z|ne}}: {{W+|ne|नीलो}}
* {{Z|non}}: {{W-|non|blár}}
* {{Z|no}}: {{W+|no|blå}}
* {{Z|ood}}: {{W-|ood|anilhmagi}}
* {{Z|oc}}: {{W+|oc|blau|n}}
* {{Z|or}}: {{W+|or|ନେଳି|sc=Orya}}
* {{Z|ug}}: {{W+|ug|كۆك|sc=ug-Arab}}
* {{Z|ps}}: {{W+|ps|شين|n|tr=šín}}, {{W+|ps|شنه|m|tr=šna}}
* {{Z|pl}}: {{W+|pl|niebieski}}, {{W+|pl|błękit|m-in}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|azul|n}}
* {{Z|pa}}: {{W-|pa|ਨੀਲਾ|n|sc=Guru}}
* {{Z|kk}}: {{W+|kk|көк}}
* {{Z|cop}}: {{W-|cop|ⲁⲥⲓⲗⲟⲛ}}, {{W-|cop|ⲁⲥⲓⲗⲱⲛ}}
* {{Z|rm}}: {{W-|rm|blau|n}}, {{W-|rm|blo|n}}, {{W-|rm|blov|n}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W+|ro|albastru}}
* {{Z|ru}}: {{W+|ru|си́ний}}, {{W+|ru|голубо́й}}
* {{Z|sc}}: {{W-|sc|asùlu}}, {{W-|sc|blàu}}, {{W-|sc|asùlu}}, {{W-|sc|blàu}}, {{W-|sc|biaittu}}, {{W-|sc|biaittu}}
* {{Z|sdc}}: {{W-|sdc|biaittu}}
* {{Z|sh}}:
*: Kirîlî: {{W-|sh|плава|m|sc=Cyrl}}
*: Latînî: {{W+|sh|plava|m}}
* {{Z|sk}}: {{W-|sk|modrá}}
* {{Z|sl}}: {{W-|sl|modra|m}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|azul|n}}, {{W+|es|celeste|n}}
* {{Z|sw}}: {{W+|sw|bluu}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|blå}}
* {{Z|tg}}: {{W+|tg|обӣ}}
* {{Z|tl}}: {{W+|tl|asul}}, {{W+|tl|bughaw}}
* {{Z|ta}}: {{W+|ta|நீலம்|sc=Taml}}
* {{Z|th}}: {{W+|th|สีน้ำเงิน|tr=sǐi-nám-ngən}}, {{W+|th|สีฟ้า|tr=sǐi-fáa}}
* {{Z|te}}: {{W+|te|నీలము}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|mavi}}
* {{Z|ur}}: {{W-|ur|نیلا|n|tr=nīlā}}
* {{Z|uk}}: {{W+|uk|си́ній}}, {{W+|uk|блаки́тний}}
* {{Z|vi}}: , {{W-|vi|xanh lam}}, {{W+|vi|xanh da trời}}, {{W-|vi|xanh nước biển}}
* {{Z|vo}}: {{W+|vo|blöv}}, {{W-|vo|yulib}}
* {{Z|wa}}: {{W+|wa|bleu|n}}
* {{Z|cy}}: {{W+|cy|glas}}
* {{Z|win}}: {{W-|win|coo}}
* {{Z|km}}: {{W+|km|ខៀវ|tr=kʰiev|sc=Khmr}}
* {{Z|yi}}: {{W-|yi|בלוי}}
* {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|μπλε|nt}}
{{werger-bin}}
{{werger-ser|kesk, rengê riwek/giyayan}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|grün}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|سرسبز|tr=sarsabz}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|vert}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|green}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{i|özellikle ot, yaprak ve bitkiler için}} {{W+|tr|yeşil}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Rengdêr 2 ===
{{rengdêr|ku}}
# {{rastnivîs|şên}}
#* {{jêder-pirtûk|ku|jêgirtin=Li zeviyên '''şîn''' nihêrî. Tayên genimê biharê kêliyekê ji bo wî bûn sebir. Rengê bi roj diteyîsî wê wextê şînekî tarî bû. Kûr dûr difikirî. Wextê bi xwe ve hat tu hukmê tîrêjan nemabû.|nivîskar=Cîhan Roj; amedekar: Bülent Ulus|sernav=Kawaye Min (Kulîlkên bîst û yekê mehê)|weşanxane=Evrensel Basım Yayın|sal=2013}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
=== Navdêr 1 ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|şîn|nêr}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=n}}
# [[reng|Rengê]] şîn.
#: {{mk|ku|'''şînê''' vekirî, '''şînê''' esmanî, '''şînê''' tarî}}
#* {{jêder-pirtûk|ku|jêgirtin=Bihar bû û pisîkek li ser dîwarê hember dinaliya. Aso şîn dibû, '''şînê''' tarî. Nav asman, li heman cihê ku dawa bi lêva dîwar ve dihat dirûtin, rengê erxewanî bi '''şînê''' tarî re têkel dibû. Mîna tiliyên min ên sor û êşbar.|seranv=Demsala Nan|nivîskar=Elî Esref Dervîshiyan|wergêr=Zülküf Ergün|sal=2021|rûpel=18|isbn=9786257383042, 6257383048}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser|reng}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|bleu|n}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|blue}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|mavi}}
{{werger-bin}}
{{bend}}
=== Navdêr 2 ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|şîn|mê}}
[[Wêne:Funeral_mat.jpg|thumb|Şîn]]
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[matem]], [[reşgirêdan]], [[xem]], [[behî]], [[tazî]], [[posîde]]
#* {{jêder|ku|jêgirtin=Te digot qey piştî kêliyeke din ew ê li vê deştê Ûsiv li ber xwe dirêj bike û stranên '''şînê''' biavêje ser.|''[[w:Dara Hinarê|Dara Hinarê]]'', [[w:Yaşar Kemal|Yaşar Kemal]], Weşanên [[w:Nûdem|Nûdem]]}}
==== Jê ====
* [[şînî]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{hv|iir-pro|*xšai||qilqilîn, girîn, nivatin}}. Hevreha {{hv|ckb|شێوان}}.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Trauer|f}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|حداد}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|funebro}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|suru}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|deuil|m}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|rouw}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|mourning}}, {{W+|en|grief}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|喪|tr=も, mo}}
* {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|dol}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|luto}}, {{W+|pt|nojo}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|luto}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W-|sv|likfärd}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|matem}}, {{W+|tr|ağıt}}
{{werger-bin}}
{{bend}}
=== Navdêr 3 ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[nav]]ê [[herf]]a {{g|ar|sc=Arab|ش|tr=}} di [[alfabeya erebî]] de
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{deyn|ar|ku}} ji {{ji|arc|ku}} ji {{ji|phn|ku}}.
=== Navdêr 4 ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{rastnivîs|şûn}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
== {{ziman|ckb}} ==
=== Rengdêr ===
{{rengdêr|ckb|sc=Latn}}
# {{ckb-Arab|شین}}
#* {{bêmînak|ckb}}
bdq7z85bf2kiudzdnhn79c19u04wzmg
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== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163 (kmr)-Ebulfîda-dîtin.wav|Deng|dever=Bidlîs}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk|dîtin|form=gerguhêz|niha=bîn|borî=dît|borî2=dî}}
[[Wêne:Eye_iris.jpg|thumb|250px|Mirov bi çavan dinyayê '''dibîne'''.]]
{{lêker|ku|c=x-gh}}
# Bi [[çav]]an [[pê hesîn]], bi [[çav]]an [[hay]] jê bûn, [[ketin]] ber [[çav]]an.
#: {{mk|ku|Tarî bû, me ti tişt '''nedidît'''.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Mirov li ber ronahiyê tiştan '''dibîne'''.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Kesên ku nikarin bi çavên xwe dinyayê '''bibînin''', kor in.}}
==== Ji wêjeya klasîk ====
* {{jêder|ku|{{Jêgirtin/Mela Hisênê Bateyî/Mewlûda Kurdî}}|jêgirtin=Der mezarê sehle lê redda cewab<br />Pirr kesan '''dîtin''' keramet û eser}}
==== Herwiha ====
* {{mj|devkî}} [[dîn#Lêker|dîn]]
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|دیتن}}
* {{ku-kr|дитьн}}
==== Têkildar ====
* {{g|ku|nerîn}}
==== Bide ber ====
* {{g|ku|bîstin}}
==== Gotinên pêşiyan ====
* {{g|ku|dîtin û gotin nabe wek hev}}
==== Jê ====
{{kol3|ku
| bînahî
| bînayî
| bînbar
| bînbarî
| diyar
| diyarî<q:2>
| diyarîtî
| diyartî
| dîdar
| dîdarî
| dîmen
| dîtbar
| dîtbarî
}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
{{şêwexirab|ku}}
Ji {{ji|ine-pro|ku|-}}: *'''d<sup>h</sup>eiə''' ("[[pê hesîn]], dîtin, [[bihîstin]]"),
{{ji|ira-pro||-}}: *'''dai'''- ("dîtin, [[bihîstin]]") ,
{{ae}}: '''dai'''- ("dîtin "),
{{peo}}: '''dī'''- ("dîtin"),
{{xpr}}: '''dyd'''- ("dîtin"),
{{pal}}: '''dyd'''- ("dîtin"),
{{ho}}: '''dai'''- ("dîtin"),
[[harezmî]]: '''dy'''- ("dîtin"),
{{fa}}: '''dīdan''' ("dîtin"),
{{bal}}: '''dīt'''- ("dîtin") … {{ir}},
{{kmr}}: '''dîtin''' ("dîtin"),
{{ckb}}: '''dîtin, [[bînan]]''' ("dîtin"),
{{hac}}: '''[[diyay]]''' ("dîtin"),
{{zza}}: '''[[diyene]], [[vînayen]]'''- ("dîtin"),
[[şêxbizinî]]: '''[[diyin]], [[wînandin]]'''- ("dîtin"),
{{sa}}: '''dhay'''- ("[[bihîstin]]"),
{{el}}: '''theôréô''' ("dîtin"),
<font style="font-size:10px">'''Çavkanî:''' [[Şablon:Cheung|Cheung p.49]], [[Şablon:Watkins|Watkins p.18]]</font> | <font style="font-size:10px">'''Pokorny:''' 243</font>
==== Bi zaravayên din ====
* {{Z|ckb}}: {{g|ckb|بینین}}, {{g|ckb|دیتن}}
* {{Z|zza}}: {{W-|zza|dîyene}}, {{W-|zza|vênayene}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|ab}}: {{W-|ab|абара}}
* {{Z|aa}}: {{W-|aa|uble}}
* {{Z|af}}: {{W-|af|besien}}, {{W+|af|sien}}
* {{Z|aho}}: {{W-|aho|𑜑𑜃𑜫}}
* {{Z|ak}}: {{W-|ak|hu}}
* {{Z|akl}}: {{W-|akl|kita'}}
* {{Z|sq}}: {{W+|sq|shoh}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|sehen}}, {{W+|de|schauen}}
* {{Z|alt}}: {{W-|alt|кӧрӧр}}
* {{Z|abs}}: {{W-|abs|lia}}
* {{Z|apw}}: {{W-|apw|yo’įį}}
* {{Z|an}}: {{W+|an|veyer}}, {{W+|an|beyer}}
* {{Z|arc}}: {{W-|arc|חזא|tr=ḥaza}}
* {{Z|rup}}: {{W-|rup|ved}}
* {{Z|as}}: {{W-|as|দেখা}}
* {{Z|ast}}: {{W-|ast|ver}}
* {{Z|atj}}: {{W-|atj|wapatam}}
* {{Z|ay}}: {{W-|ay|uñaña}}
* {{Z|aio}}: {{W-|aio|ꩭꩫ်}}
* {{Z|az}}: {{W+|az|görmək}}
* {{Z|bdq}}: {{W-|bdq|'bôh}}
* {{Z|eu}}: {{W+|eu|ikusi}}
* {{Z|ba}}: {{W-|ba|күреү}}
* {{Z|bar}}: {{W-|bar|sengan}}
* {{Z|be}}: {{W-|be|ба́чыць|impf}}, {{W-|be|уба́чыць|pf}}
* {{Z|bn}}: {{W+|bn|দেখা}}
* {{Z|br}}: {{W+|br|gwelet}}
* {{Z|bg}}: {{W-|bg|ви́ждам}}
* {{Z|my}}: {{W+|my|တွေ့}}, {{W+|my|မြင်}}
* {{Z|bua}}: {{W-|bua|хараха}}, {{W-|bua|үзэхэ}}
* {{Z|pcc}}: {{W-|pcc|ranl}}
* {{Z|ce}}: {{W-|ce|га}}
* {{Z|cs}}: {{W+|cs|vidět}}
* {{Z|chr}}: {{W-|chr|ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ}}
* {{Z|zh}}:
*: {{Z|yue}}: {{W-|yue|見|tr=gin3}}, {{W-|yue|睇見|tr=tai2 gin3}}, {{W-|yue|睇|tr=tai2}}
*: {{Z|dng}}: {{W-|dng|җян}}
*: {{Z|cmn}}: {{W+|cmn|見|tr=jiàn}}, {{W+|cmn|看見|tr=kànjiàn}}
* {{Z|cv}}: {{W-|cv|курма}}
* {{Z|chk}}: {{W-|chk|kuna}}
* {{Z|dlm}}: {{W-|dlm|vedar}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|se}}
* {{Z|ovd}}: {{W-|ovd|sją̊}}
* {{Z|id}}: {{W-|id|me[[lihat]]}}, {{W+|id|saksi|cuda=menyaksikan}}, {{W+|id|tonton|cuda=menonton}}, {{W+|id|pandang|cuda=memandang}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W+|ar|رَأَى}}, {{W-|ar|عَايَنَ}}
*: {{Z|arz}}: {{W-|arz|شاف|tr=šāf}}
*: {{Z|acw}}: {{W-|acw|شاف|tr=šāf}}
*: {{Z|ary}}: {{W-|ary|شاف|tr=šāf}}
*: {{Z|ajp}}: {{W-|ajp|شاف|tr=šāf}}
* {{Z|hy}}: {{W+|hy|տեսնել}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|vidi}}
* {{Z|et}}: {{W-|et|nägema}}
* {{Z|eve}}: {{W-|eve|иттэй}}
* {{Z|evn}}: {{W-|evn|ичэми}}
* {{Z|ee}}: {{W-|ee|kpɔ}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W-|fa|دیدن|tr=didan}}
* {{Z|fo}}: {{W+|fo|síggja}}, {{W+|fo|sjá}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|nähdä}}, {{W+|fi|katsoa}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W-|fr|voir}}
*: {{Z|frm}}: {{W-|frm|veoir}}, {{W-|frm|vëoir}}
*: {{Z|fro}}: {{W-|fro|veoir}}, {{W-|fro|vëoir}}
* {{Z|fur}}: {{W-|fur|viodi}}
* {{Z|fy}}: {{W+|fy|sjen}}
* {{Z|gd}}: {{W-|gd|faic}}
* {{Z|gl}}: {{W-|gl|ver}}
* {{Z|roa-gal}}: {{W-|roa-gal|vér'}}
* {{Z|got}}: {{W-|got|𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍈𐌰𐌽}}
* {{Z|ka}}: {{W-|ka|ხედავს}}
* {{Z|gn}}: {{W-|gn|hecha}}
* {{Z|ht}}: {{W-|ht|wè}}
* {{Z|haw}}: {{W-|haw|ʻike}}
* {{Z|ha}}: {{W-|ha|gani}}
* {{Z|hi}}: {{W+|hi|देखना}}
* {{Z|hil}}: {{W-|hil|kita}}, {{W-|hil|magkita}}
* {{Z|mww}}: {{W-|mww|pom}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|zien}}, {{W+|nl|aanschouwen}}, {{W+|nl|bekijken}}, {{W+|nl|bezien}}
* {{Z|he}}: {{W-|he|רָאָה|tr=ra'ah}}
* {{Z|io}}: {{W+|io|vidar}}
* {{Z|ig}}: {{W-|ig|ihụ}}
* {{Z|ilo}}: {{W-|ilo|kita}}
* {{Z|ang}}: {{W-|ang|ġesēon}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|see}}
* {{Z|inh}}: {{W-|inh|го}}
* {{Z|ia}}: {{W+|ia|vider}}
* {{Z|ga}}: {{W-|ga|feic}}
*: {{Z|sga}}: {{W-|sga|ad·cí}}
* {{Z|ist}}: {{W-|ist|vidi}}
* {{Z|ruo}}: {{W-|ruo|ved}}, {{W-|ruo|vedu}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|vedere}}
* {{Z|ium}}: {{W-|ium|buatc}}
* {{Z|is}}: {{W+|is|sjá}}, {{W-|is|skynja}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|見る|tr=みる, miru}}, {{W+|ja|ご覧になる|tr=ごらんになる, go-ran ni naru}}, {{W-|ja|[[拝見]]する|tr=はいけんする, haiken-suru}}
* {{Z|kaw}}: {{W-|kaw|dĕlo}}, {{W-|kaw|ton}}
* {{Z|jv}}: {{W-|jv|delok}}, {{W-|jv|tonton}}
* {{Z|kab}}: {{W-|kab|ẓer}}
* {{Z|kl}}: {{W-|kl|takunnippoq}}, {{W-|kl|isigisaqarpoq}}, {{W-|kl|takuaa}}
* {{Z|xal}}: {{W-|xal|үзх}}
* {{Z|kn}}: {{W+|kn|ನೋಡು}}
* {{Z|kea}}: {{W-|kea|odja}}, {{W-|kea|oiá}}
* {{Z|csb}}: {{W-|csb|widzec}}
* {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|veure}}
* {{Z|qu}}: {{W-|qu|rikuy}}, {{W-|qu|rikay}}
* {{Z|ks}}: {{W-|ks|وُچھُن}}
* {{Z|ky}}: {{W+|ky|көрүү}}
* {{Z|ktu}}: {{W-|ktu|mona}}, {{W-|ktu|kumona}}
* {{Z|rw}}: {{W-|rw|kubona}}
* {{Z|kok}}: {{W-|kok|दिशें}}
* {{Z|okm}}: {{W-|okm|보다〮|tr=pwòtá}}
* {{Z|ko}}: {{W+|ko|보다}}, {{W+|ko|뵙다}}
* {{Z|kw}}: {{W-|kw|gweles}}
* {{Z|bzj}}: {{W-|bzj|si}}
* {{Z|jam}}: {{W-|jam|see}}
* {{Z|crs}}: {{W-|crs|vwar}}
* {{Z|mcm}}: {{W-|mcm|dá}}
* {{Z|kum}}: {{W-|kum|гёрмек}}
* {{Z|lld}}: {{W-|lld|vedei}}, {{W-|lld|veder}}
* {{Z|lmy}}: {{W-|lmy|eta}}
* {{Z|ltg}}: {{W-|ltg|redzēt}}
* {{Z|la}}: {{W+|la|video}}, {{W+|la|specto}}, {{W+|la|specio}}, {{W-|la|viso}}, {{W-|la|visito}}
* {{Z|lv}}: {{W+|lv|redzēt}}
* {{Z|lo}}: {{W-|lo|ເຫັນ}}
* {{Z|lij}}: {{W-|lij|védde}}, {{W-|lij|véi}}
* {{Z|lt}}: {{W+|lt|matyti}}, {{W-|lt|regėti}}
* {{Z|lmo}}: {{W-|lmo|vedè}}
* {{Z|lg}}: {{W-|lg|-laba}}
* {{Z|lb}}: {{W-|lb|gesinn}}
* {{Z|mhn}}: {{W-|mhn|sechen}}
* {{Z|mk}}: {{W-|mk|гледа}}
* {{Z|ml}}: {{W+|ml|കാണുക}}
* {{Z|ms}}: {{W+|ms|lihat}}, {{W-|ms|tengok}}, {{W-|ms|nampak}}
* {{Z|mt}}: {{W-|mt|ra}}
* {{Z|gv}}: {{W-|gv|faik}}
* {{Z|mi}}: {{W-|mi|kite}}, {{W-|mi|pūrangiaho}}
* {{Z|mr}}: {{W+|mr|पाहणे|nt}}
* {{Z|gun}}: {{W-|gun|exa}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|lát}}
* {{Z|egy}}: {{W-egy|mꜣꜣ|h=mA:D4-A-A}}
* {{Z|mwl}}: {{W-|mwl|ber}}, {{W-|mwl|mirar}}
* {{Z|mn}}: {{W+|mn|үзэх}}, {{W+|mn|харах}}
* {{Z|nci}}: {{W-|nci|itta}}
* {{Z|nah}}: {{W+|nah|itta}}
* {{Z|gld}}: {{W-|gld|ичэ-}}
* {{Z|nap}}: {{W-|nap|veré}}, {{W-|nap|vedé}}
* {{Z|nv}}: {{W-|nv|yooʼį́}}
* {{Z|nds}}: {{W+|nds|kieken}}, {{W+|nds|ankieken}}, {{W-|nds|seen}}, {{W-|nds|sehn}}
*: German Low German:
*: {{Z|nds-de}}: {{W-|nds-de|seihen}}
* {{Z|nay}}: {{W-|nay|nak}}
* {{Z|xul}}: {{W-|xul|nangi}}
* {{Z|nrf}}: {{W-|nrf|vaie}}
* {{Z|no}}:
*: {{Z|nb}}: {{W+|nb|se}}
*: {{Z|nn}}: {{W+|nn|sjå}}
* {{Z|cst}}: {{W-|cst|atemhimah}}
* {{Z|oj}}: {{W-|oj|waabam}}, {{W-|oj|waabandan}}
* {{Z|pro}}: {{W-|pro|veder}}
* {{Z|oc}}: {{W+|oc|veire}}
* {{Z|or}}: {{W+|or|ଦେଖିବା}}
* {{Z|om}}: {{W-|om|ilaaluu}}
* {{Z|os}}: {{W-|os|уынын}}
* {{Z|ota}}: {{W-|ota|گورمك|tr=görmek}}
* {{Z|ug}}: {{W-|ug|كۆرمەك}}
* {{Z|uz}}: {{W+|uz|koʻrmoq}}
* {{Z|pms}}: {{W-|pms|vëdde}}
* {{Z|ppl}}: {{W-|ppl|tachia}}, {{W-|ppl|-ita}}
* {{Z|pl}}: {{W+|pl|widzieć}}, {{W+|pl|dostrzegać}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|ver}}, {{W+|pt|enxergar}}, {{W+|pt|olhar}}
* {{Z|pa}}: {{W-|pa|ਵੇਖਣਾ}}
* {{Z|kk}}: {{W+|kk|көру}}, {{W+|kk|қарау}}
* {{Z|rm}}: {{W-|rm|vesair}}
* {{Z|rom}}: {{W-|rom|dikhel}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W+|ro|vedea}}
* {{Z|ru}}: {{W-|ru|ви́деть|impf}}, {{W-|ru|уви́деть|pf}}
* {{Z|rue}}: {{W-|rue|ві́дїти|impf}}
* {{Z|ssy}}: {{W-|ssy|uble}}
* {{Z|osx}}: {{W-|osx|sehan}}, {{W-|osx|bisehan}}, {{W-|osx|gisehan}}, {{W-|osx|farsehan}}
* {{Z|se}}: {{W-|se|oaidnit}}
* {{Z|sma}}: {{W-|sma|gïehtjedidh}}, {{W-|sma|vuartasjidh}}, {{W-|sma|vuejnedh}}
* {{Z|sms}}: {{W-|sms|vueiʹnned}}
* {{Z|sm}}: {{W-|sm|va'ai}}
* {{Z|sa}}: {{W+|sa|पश्यति}}, {{W+|sa|चष्टे}}
* {{Z|sat}}: {{W-|sat|ᱧᱮᱞ}}
* Sardinian:
*: {{Z|sc}}: {{W-|sc|biri}}
* {{Z|scn}}: {{W+|scn|vìdiri}}
* {{Z|csm}}: {{W-|csm|šyl-ŋe-}}
* {{Z|srn}}: {{W-|srn|syi}}
* {{Z|sh}}:
*: Kirîlî: {{W-|sh|ви̏дети}}
*: Latînî: {{W+|sh|vȉdeti}}
* {{Z|syl}}: {{W-|syl|ꠖꠦꠈꠣ}}
* {{Z|cu}}:
*: Kirîlî: {{W-|cu|видѣти|impf}}, {{W-|cu|зьрѣти|impf}}
* {{Z|sk}}: {{W+|sk|vidieť}}
* {{Z|sl}}: {{W+|sl|videti}}
* {{Z|so}}: {{W-|so|arkid}}
* Sorbî:
*: {{Z|dsb}}: {{W-|dsb|wiźeś}}
*: {{Z|hsb}}: {{W-|hsb|widźeć|impf}}
* {{Z|st}}: {{W+|st|bona}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|ver}}
* {{Z|su}}: {{W-|su|tingali}}
* {{Z|sw}}: {{W-|sw|kuona}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|se}}
* {{Z|shn}}: {{W-|shn|ႁၼ်}}
* {{Z|zdj}}: {{W-|zdj|hwona}}
* {{Z|tg}}: {{W-|tg|дидан}}
* {{Z|tl}}: {{W+|tl|kita}}, {{W-|tl|makia}}, {{W-|tl|tumingin}}, {{W-|tl|makita}}
* {{Z|ta}}: {{W+|ta|பார்}}
* {{Z|roa-tar}}: {{W-|roa-tar|vedè}}
* {{Z|tsg}}: {{W-|tsg|kita}}, {{W-|tsg|kimita}}
* {{Z|blt}}: {{W-|blt|ꪹꪬꪸꪙ}}
* {{Z|nod}}: {{W-|nod|ᩉᩢ᩠ᨶ|tr=han}}
* {{Z|th}}: {{W-|th|เห็น}}, {{W-|th|ดู}}, {{W-|th|แล}}
* {{Z|tdd}}: {{W-|tdd|ᥞᥢᥴ}}
* {{Z|te}}: {{W+|te|చూచు}}
* {{Z|tt}}: {{W+|tt|күрергә}}, {{W-|tt|күрү}}
* {{Z|tet}}: {{W-|tet|haree}}
* {{Z|otk}}: {{W-|otk|𐰚𐰇𐰼|ts=kör-}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|görmek}}
* {{Z|tk}}: {{W-|tk|görmek}}
* {{Z|bo}}: {{W-|bo|མཐོང}}, {{W-|bo|གཟིགས}}
* {{Z|tkl}}: {{W-|tkl|kikila}}
* {{Z|tpi}}: {{W-|tpi|lukim}}
* {{Z|xto}}: {{W-|xto|läk-}}
* {{Z|txb}}: {{W-|txb|läk-}}
* {{Z|tyv}}: {{W-|tyv|көөр}}
* {{Z|udi}}: {{W-|udi|акӏсун}}
* {{Z|udm}}: {{W-|udm|адӟыны}}
* {{Z|uga}}: {{W-|uga|𐎈𐎄𐎊}}
* {{Z|umb}}: {{W-|umb|okuvandja}}
* {{Z|ur}}: {{W-|ur|دیکھنا|tr=dekhnā}}
* {{Z|uk}}: {{W-|uk|ба́чити}}, {{W-|uk|ви́діти}}
* {{Z|vec}}: {{W-|vec|védar}}
* {{Z|vi}}: {{W+|vi|nhìn thấy}}, {{W+|vi|xem xét}}, {{W+|vi|thấy}}, {{W+|vi|xem}}
* {{Z|vo}}: {{W+|vo|logön}}
* {{Z|wa}}: {{W+|wa|vey}}, {{W+|wa|vir}}
* {{Z|wbl}}: {{W-|wbl|win-}}
* {{Z|cy}}: {{W+|cy|gweld}}
* {{Z|wo}}: {{W+|wo|gis}}
* {{Z|kjh}}: {{W-|kjh|кӧрерге}}
* {{Z|km}}: {{W+|km|ឃើញ}}
* {{Z|xh}}: {{W-|xh|ukubona}}
* {{Z|yai}}: {{W-|yai|венак}}
* {{Z|sah}}: {{W-|sah|көр}}
* {{Z|yag}}: {{W-|yag|tiki}}
* {{Z|yi}}: {{W-|yi|זען}}
* {{Z|yo}}: {{W-|yo|rí}}, {{W-|yo|ríran}}
* {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|βλέπω}}
*: Kevn: {{W-|grc|βλέπω}}, {{W-|grc|ὁράω}}, {{W-|grc|εἶδον}}, {{W-|grc|ὀπτεύω}}, {{W-|grc|δέρκομαι}}, {{W-|grc|λεύσσω}}
* {{Z|zea}}: {{W-|zea|zieë}}
* {{Z|za}}: {{W-|za|raen}}
* {{Z|ase}}: {{W-|ase|V@Nose-PalmBack V@FromNose-PalmBack}}, {{W-|ase|K@Nose-PalmAcross K@FromNose-PalmAcross}}
* {{Z|zu}}: {{W-|zu|-[[bona]]}}
* {{Z|khi-kun}}: {{W-|khi-kun|siŋ}}
* {{Z|nmn}}: {{W-|nmn|ǀnâã}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|dîtin|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[pêhesîn]]a bi [[çav]]an:
#: ''Dîtina gulan mirovî dilxweş dike.''
# [[hevdîtin]], [[jivan]]:
#: ''dîtina hevalan li qehwexaneyê''
# [[qenaet|Qenaet]], [[bawerî]], [[nerîn]], [[boçûn]], [[helwest]], [[ray]].
#: {{mk|ku|Bi '''dîtina''' min divê em îro biçin.}}
# [[şêwe|Şêwe]], [[şikil]].
#: {{jêder-malper|ku|jêgirtin=Li wir, li ber wan '''dîtina''' wî hat guhertin. Rûyê wî wek rojê şewq da û cilên wî wek ronahiyê çîlspî bûn.|malper=kitebipiroz.com|sernav= Încîl (Mizgînî)|url=http://www.kitebipiroz.com/kurmanji/bible/mat/17/2}}
==== Bi zaravayên din ====
* {{Z|zza}}: {{W-|zza|dîtiş}}, {{W-|zza|diyayîş}}, {{W-|zza|vînayîş}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser|wate|1}}
{{werger-bin}}
{{werger-ser|wate|2}}
{{werger-bin}}
1d657e97hee8vwvo1s7wv1nfk0v55si
6236186
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2026-05-27T06:33:16Z
Heviyane
10624
Werger: +zazakî : [[vênayene]]; +zazakî : [[diyene]] (bi alîkarî)
6236186
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163 (kmr)-Ebulfîda-dîtin.wav|Deng|dever=Bidlîs}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk|dîtin|form=gerguhêz|niha=bîn|borî=dît|borî2=dî}}
[[Wêne:Eye_iris.jpg|thumb|250px|Mirov bi çavan dinyayê '''dibîne'''.]]
{{lêker|ku|c=x-gh}}
# Bi [[çav]]an [[pê hesîn]], bi [[çav]]an [[hay]] jê bûn, [[ketin]] ber [[çav]]an.
#: {{mk|ku|Tarî bû, me ti tişt '''nedidît'''.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Mirov li ber ronahiyê tiştan '''dibîne'''.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Kesên ku nikarin bi çavên xwe dinyayê '''bibînin''', kor in.}}
==== Ji wêjeya klasîk ====
* {{jêder|ku|{{Jêgirtin/Mela Hisênê Bateyî/Mewlûda Kurdî}}|jêgirtin=Der mezarê sehle lê redda cewab<br />Pirr kesan '''dîtin''' keramet û eser}}
==== Herwiha ====
* {{mj|devkî}} [[dîn#Lêker|dîn]]
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|دیتن}}
* {{ku-kr|дитьн}}
==== Têkildar ====
* {{g|ku|nerîn}}
==== Bide ber ====
* {{g|ku|bîstin}}
==== Gotinên pêşiyan ====
* {{g|ku|dîtin û gotin nabe wek hev}}
==== Jê ====
{{kol3|ku
| bînahî
| bînayî
| bînbar
| bînbarî
| diyar
| diyarî<q:2>
| diyarîtî
| diyartî
| dîdar
| dîdarî
| dîmen
| dîtbar
| dîtbarî
}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
{{şêwexirab|ku}}
Ji {{ji|ine-pro|ku|-}}: *'''d<sup>h</sup>eiə''' ("[[pê hesîn]], dîtin, [[bihîstin]]"),
{{ji|ira-pro||-}}: *'''dai'''- ("dîtin, [[bihîstin]]") ,
{{ae}}: '''dai'''- ("dîtin "),
{{peo}}: '''dī'''- ("dîtin"),
{{xpr}}: '''dyd'''- ("dîtin"),
{{pal}}: '''dyd'''- ("dîtin"),
{{ho}}: '''dai'''- ("dîtin"),
[[harezmî]]: '''dy'''- ("dîtin"),
{{fa}}: '''dīdan''' ("dîtin"),
{{bal}}: '''dīt'''- ("dîtin") … {{ir}},
{{kmr}}: '''dîtin''' ("dîtin"),
{{ckb}}: '''dîtin, [[bînan]]''' ("dîtin"),
{{hac}}: '''[[diyay]]''' ("dîtin"),
{{zza}}: '''[[diyene]], [[vînayen]]'''- ("dîtin"),
[[şêxbizinî]]: '''[[diyin]], [[wînandin]]'''- ("dîtin"),
{{sa}}: '''dhay'''- ("[[bihîstin]]"),
{{el}}: '''theôréô''' ("dîtin"),
<font style="font-size:10px">'''Çavkanî:''' [[Şablon:Cheung|Cheung p.49]], [[Şablon:Watkins|Watkins p.18]]</font> | <font style="font-size:10px">'''Pokorny:''' 243</font>
==== Bi zaravayên din ====
* {{Z|ckb}}: {{g|ckb|بینین}}, {{g|ckb|دیتن}}
* {{Z|zza}}: {{W-|zza|dîyene}}, {{W-|zza|vênayene}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|ab}}: {{W-|ab|абара}}
* {{Z|aa}}: {{W-|aa|uble}}
* {{Z|af}}: {{W-|af|besien}}, {{W+|af|sien}}
* {{Z|aho}}: {{W-|aho|𑜑𑜃𑜫}}
* {{Z|ak}}: {{W-|ak|hu}}
* {{Z|akl}}: {{W-|akl|kita'}}
* {{Z|sq}}: {{W+|sq|shoh}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|sehen}}, {{W+|de|schauen}}
* {{Z|alt}}: {{W-|alt|кӧрӧр}}
* {{Z|abs}}: {{W-|abs|lia}}
* {{Z|apw}}: {{W-|apw|yo’įį}}
* {{Z|an}}: {{W+|an|veyer}}, {{W+|an|beyer}}
* {{Z|arc}}: {{W-|arc|חזא|tr=ḥaza}}
* {{Z|rup}}: {{W-|rup|ved}}
* {{Z|as}}: {{W-|as|দেখা}}
* {{Z|ast}}: {{W-|ast|ver}}
* {{Z|atj}}: {{W-|atj|wapatam}}
* {{Z|ay}}: {{W-|ay|uñaña}}
* {{Z|aio}}: {{W-|aio|ꩭꩫ်}}
* {{Z|az}}: {{W+|az|görmək}}
* {{Z|bdq}}: {{W-|bdq|'bôh}}
* {{Z|eu}}: {{W+|eu|ikusi}}
* {{Z|ba}}: {{W-|ba|күреү}}
* {{Z|bar}}: {{W-|bar|sengan}}
* {{Z|be}}: {{W-|be|ба́чыць|impf}}, {{W-|be|уба́чыць|pf}}
* {{Z|bn}}: {{W+|bn|দেখা}}
* {{Z|br}}: {{W+|br|gwelet}}
* {{Z|bg}}: {{W-|bg|ви́ждам}}
* {{Z|my}}: {{W+|my|တွေ့}}, {{W+|my|မြင်}}
* {{Z|bua}}: {{W-|bua|хараха}}, {{W-|bua|үзэхэ}}
* {{Z|pcc}}: {{W-|pcc|ranl}}
* {{Z|ce}}: {{W-|ce|га}}
* {{Z|cs}}: {{W+|cs|vidět}}
* {{Z|chr}}: {{W-|chr|ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ}}
* {{Z|zh}}:
*: {{Z|yue}}: {{W-|yue|見|tr=gin3}}, {{W-|yue|睇見|tr=tai2 gin3}}, {{W-|yue|睇|tr=tai2}}
*: {{Z|dng}}: {{W-|dng|җян}}
*: {{Z|cmn}}: {{W+|cmn|見|tr=jiàn}}, {{W+|cmn|看見|tr=kànjiàn}}
* {{Z|cv}}: {{W-|cv|курма}}
* {{Z|chk}}: {{W-|chk|kuna}}
* {{Z|dlm}}: {{W-|dlm|vedar}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|se}}
* {{Z|ovd}}: {{W-|ovd|sją̊}}
* {{Z|id}}: {{W-|id|me[[lihat]]}}, {{W+|id|saksi|cuda=menyaksikan}}, {{W+|id|tonton|cuda=menonton}}, {{W+|id|pandang|cuda=memandang}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W+|ar|رَأَى}}, {{W-|ar|عَايَنَ}}
*: {{Z|arz}}: {{W-|arz|شاف|tr=šāf}}
*: {{Z|acw}}: {{W-|acw|شاف|tr=šāf}}
*: {{Z|ary}}: {{W-|ary|شاف|tr=šāf}}
*: {{Z|ajp}}: {{W-|ajp|شاف|tr=šāf}}
* {{Z|hy}}: {{W+|hy|տեսնել}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|vidi}}
* {{Z|et}}: {{W-|et|nägema}}
* {{Z|eve}}: {{W-|eve|иттэй}}
* {{Z|evn}}: {{W-|evn|ичэми}}
* {{Z|ee}}: {{W-|ee|kpɔ}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W-|fa|دیدن|tr=didan}}
* {{Z|fo}}: {{W+|fo|síggja}}, {{W+|fo|sjá}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|nähdä}}, {{W+|fi|katsoa}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W-|fr|voir}}
*: {{Z|frm}}: {{W-|frm|veoir}}, {{W-|frm|vëoir}}
*: {{Z|fro}}: {{W-|fro|veoir}}, {{W-|fro|vëoir}}
* {{Z|fur}}: {{W-|fur|viodi}}
* {{Z|fy}}: {{W+|fy|sjen}}
* {{Z|gd}}: {{W-|gd|faic}}
* {{Z|gl}}: {{W-|gl|ver}}
* {{Z|roa-gal}}: {{W-|roa-gal|vér'}}
* {{Z|got}}: {{W-|got|𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍈𐌰𐌽}}
* {{Z|ka}}: {{W-|ka|ხედავს}}
* {{Z|gn}}: {{W-|gn|hecha}}
* {{Z|ht}}: {{W-|ht|wè}}
* {{Z|haw}}: {{W-|haw|ʻike}}
* {{Z|ha}}: {{W-|ha|gani}}
* {{Z|hi}}: {{W+|hi|देखना}}
* {{Z|hil}}: {{W-|hil|kita}}, {{W-|hil|magkita}}
* {{Z|mww}}: {{W-|mww|pom}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|zien}}, {{W+|nl|aanschouwen}}, {{W+|nl|bekijken}}, {{W+|nl|bezien}}
* {{Z|he}}: {{W-|he|רָאָה|tr=ra'ah}}
* {{Z|io}}: {{W+|io|vidar}}
* {{Z|ig}}: {{W-|ig|ihụ}}
* {{Z|ilo}}: {{W-|ilo|kita}}
* {{Z|ang}}: {{W-|ang|ġesēon}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|see}}
* {{Z|inh}}: {{W-|inh|го}}
* {{Z|ia}}: {{W+|ia|vider}}
* {{Z|ga}}: {{W-|ga|feic}}
*: {{Z|sga}}: {{W-|sga|ad·cí}}
* {{Z|ist}}: {{W-|ist|vidi}}
* {{Z|ruo}}: {{W-|ruo|ved}}, {{W-|ruo|vedu}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|vedere}}
* {{Z|ium}}: {{W-|ium|buatc}}
* {{Z|is}}: {{W+|is|sjá}}, {{W-|is|skynja}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|見る|tr=みる, miru}}, {{W+|ja|ご覧になる|tr=ごらんになる, go-ran ni naru}}, {{W-|ja|[[拝見]]する|tr=はいけんする, haiken-suru}}
* {{Z|kaw}}: {{W-|kaw|dĕlo}}, {{W-|kaw|ton}}
* {{Z|jv}}: {{W-|jv|delok}}, {{W-|jv|tonton}}
* {{Z|kab}}: {{W-|kab|ẓer}}
* {{Z|kl}}: {{W-|kl|takunnippoq}}, {{W-|kl|isigisaqarpoq}}, {{W-|kl|takuaa}}
* {{Z|xal}}: {{W-|xal|үзх}}
* {{Z|kn}}: {{W+|kn|ನೋಡು}}
* {{Z|kea}}: {{W-|kea|odja}}, {{W-|kea|oiá}}
* {{Z|csb}}: {{W-|csb|widzec}}
* {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|veure}}
* {{Z|qu}}: {{W-|qu|rikuy}}, {{W-|qu|rikay}}
* {{Z|ks}}: {{W-|ks|وُچھُن}}
* {{Z|ky}}: {{W+|ky|көрүү}}
* {{Z|ktu}}: {{W-|ktu|mona}}, {{W-|ktu|kumona}}
* {{Z|rw}}: {{W-|rw|kubona}}
* {{Z|kok}}: {{W-|kok|दिशें}}
* {{Z|okm}}: {{W-|okm|보다〮|tr=pwòtá}}
* {{Z|ko}}: {{W+|ko|보다}}, {{W+|ko|뵙다}}
* {{Z|kw}}: {{W-|kw|gweles}}
* {{Z|bzj}}: {{W-|bzj|si}}
* {{Z|jam}}: {{W-|jam|see}}
* {{Z|crs}}: {{W-|crs|vwar}}
* {{Z|mcm}}: {{W-|mcm|dá}}
* {{Z|kum}}: {{W-|kum|гёрмек}}
* {{Z|lld}}: {{W-|lld|vedei}}, {{W-|lld|veder}}
* {{Z|lmy}}: {{W-|lmy|eta}}
* {{Z|ltg}}: {{W-|ltg|redzēt}}
* {{Z|la}}: {{W+|la|video}}, {{W+|la|specto}}, {{W+|la|specio}}, {{W-|la|viso}}, {{W-|la|visito}}
* {{Z|lv}}: {{W+|lv|redzēt}}
* {{Z|lo}}: {{W-|lo|ເຫັນ}}
* {{Z|lij}}: {{W-|lij|védde}}, {{W-|lij|véi}}
* {{Z|lt}}: {{W+|lt|matyti}}, {{W-|lt|regėti}}
* {{Z|lmo}}: {{W-|lmo|vedè}}
* {{Z|lg}}: {{W-|lg|-laba}}
* {{Z|lb}}: {{W-|lb|gesinn}}
* {{Z|mhn}}: {{W-|mhn|sechen}}
* {{Z|mk}}: {{W-|mk|гледа}}
* {{Z|ml}}: {{W+|ml|കാണുക}}
* {{Z|ms}}: {{W+|ms|lihat}}, {{W-|ms|tengok}}, {{W-|ms|nampak}}
* {{Z|mt}}: {{W-|mt|ra}}
* {{Z|gv}}: {{W-|gv|faik}}
* {{Z|mi}}: {{W-|mi|kite}}, {{W-|mi|pūrangiaho}}
* {{Z|mr}}: {{W+|mr|पाहणे|nt}}
* {{Z|gun}}: {{W-|gun|exa}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|lát}}
* {{Z|egy}}: {{W-egy|mꜣꜣ|h=mA:D4-A-A}}
* {{Z|mwl}}: {{W-|mwl|ber}}, {{W-|mwl|mirar}}
* {{Z|mn}}: {{W+|mn|үзэх}}, {{W+|mn|харах}}
* {{Z|nci}}: {{W-|nci|itta}}
* {{Z|nah}}: {{W+|nah|itta}}
* {{Z|gld}}: {{W-|gld|ичэ-}}
* {{Z|nap}}: {{W-|nap|veré}}, {{W-|nap|vedé}}
* {{Z|nv}}: {{W-|nv|yooʼį́}}
* {{Z|nds}}: {{W+|nds|kieken}}, {{W+|nds|ankieken}}, {{W-|nds|seen}}, {{W-|nds|sehn}}
*: German Low German:
*: {{Z|nds-de}}: {{W-|nds-de|seihen}}
* {{Z|nay}}: {{W-|nay|nak}}
* {{Z|xul}}: {{W-|xul|nangi}}
* {{Z|nrf}}: {{W-|nrf|vaie}}
* {{Z|no}}:
*: {{Z|nb}}: {{W+|nb|se}}
*: {{Z|nn}}: {{W+|nn|sjå}}
* {{Z|cst}}: {{W-|cst|atemhimah}}
* {{Z|oj}}: {{W-|oj|waabam}}, {{W-|oj|waabandan}}
* {{Z|pro}}: {{W-|pro|veder}}
* {{Z|oc}}: {{W+|oc|veire}}
* {{Z|or}}: {{W+|or|ଦେଖିବା}}
* {{Z|om}}: {{W-|om|ilaaluu}}
* {{Z|os}}: {{W-|os|уынын}}
* {{Z|ota}}: {{W-|ota|گورمك|tr=görmek}}
* {{Z|ug}}: {{W-|ug|كۆرمەك}}
* {{Z|uz}}: {{W+|uz|koʻrmoq}}
* {{Z|pms}}: {{W-|pms|vëdde}}
* {{Z|ppl}}: {{W-|ppl|tachia}}, {{W-|ppl|-ita}}
* {{Z|pl}}: {{W+|pl|widzieć}}, {{W+|pl|dostrzegać}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|ver}}, {{W+|pt|enxergar}}, {{W+|pt|olhar}}
* {{Z|pa}}: {{W-|pa|ਵੇਖਣਾ}}
* {{Z|kk}}: {{W+|kk|көру}}, {{W+|kk|қарау}}
* {{Z|rm}}: {{W-|rm|vesair}}
* {{Z|rom}}: {{W-|rom|dikhel}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W+|ro|vedea}}
* {{Z|ru}}: {{W-|ru|ви́деть|impf}}, {{W-|ru|уви́деть|pf}}
* {{Z|rue}}: {{W-|rue|ві́дїти|impf}}
* {{Z|ssy}}: {{W-|ssy|uble}}
* {{Z|osx}}: {{W-|osx|sehan}}, {{W-|osx|bisehan}}, {{W-|osx|gisehan}}, {{W-|osx|farsehan}}
* {{Z|se}}: {{W-|se|oaidnit}}
* {{Z|sma}}: {{W-|sma|gïehtjedidh}}, {{W-|sma|vuartasjidh}}, {{W-|sma|vuejnedh}}
* {{Z|sms}}: {{W-|sms|vueiʹnned}}
* {{Z|sm}}: {{W-|sm|va'ai}}
* {{Z|sa}}: {{W+|sa|पश्यति}}, {{W+|sa|चष्टे}}
* {{Z|sat}}: {{W-|sat|ᱧᱮᱞ}}
* Sardinian:
*: {{Z|sc}}: {{W-|sc|biri}}
* {{Z|scn}}: {{W+|scn|vìdiri}}
* {{Z|csm}}: {{W-|csm|šyl-ŋe-}}
* {{Z|srn}}: {{W-|srn|syi}}
* {{Z|sh}}:
*: Kirîlî: {{W-|sh|ви̏дети}}
*: Latînî: {{W+|sh|vȉdeti}}
* {{Z|syl}}: {{W-|syl|ꠖꠦꠈꠣ}}
* {{Z|cu}}:
*: Kirîlî: {{W-|cu|видѣти|impf}}, {{W-|cu|зьрѣти|impf}}
* {{Z|sk}}: {{W+|sk|vidieť}}
* {{Z|sl}}: {{W+|sl|videti}}
* {{Z|so}}: {{W-|so|arkid}}
* Sorbî:
*: {{Z|dsb}}: {{W-|dsb|wiźeś}}
*: {{Z|hsb}}: {{W-|hsb|widźeć|impf}}
* {{Z|st}}: {{W+|st|bona}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|ver}}
* {{Z|su}}: {{W-|su|tingali}}
* {{Z|sw}}: {{W-|sw|kuona}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|se}}
* {{Z|shn}}: {{W-|shn|ႁၼ်}}
* {{Z|zdj}}: {{W-|zdj|hwona}}
* {{Z|tg}}: {{W-|tg|дидан}}
* {{Z|tl}}: {{W+|tl|kita}}, {{W-|tl|makia}}, {{W-|tl|tumingin}}, {{W-|tl|makita}}
* {{Z|ta}}: {{W+|ta|பார்}}
* {{Z|roa-tar}}: {{W-|roa-tar|vedè}}
* {{Z|tsg}}: {{W-|tsg|kita}}, {{W-|tsg|kimita}}
* {{Z|blt}}: {{W-|blt|ꪹꪬꪸꪙ}}
* {{Z|nod}}: {{W-|nod|ᩉᩢ᩠ᨶ|tr=han}}
* {{Z|th}}: {{W-|th|เห็น}}, {{W-|th|ดู}}, {{W-|th|แล}}
* {{Z|tdd}}: {{W-|tdd|ᥞᥢᥴ}}
* {{Z|te}}: {{W+|te|చూచు}}
* {{Z|tt}}: {{W+|tt|күрергә}}, {{W-|tt|күрү}}
* {{Z|tet}}: {{W-|tet|haree}}
* {{Z|otk}}: {{W-|otk|𐰚𐰇𐰼|ts=kör-}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|görmek}}
* {{Z|tk}}: {{W-|tk|görmek}}
* {{Z|bo}}: {{W-|bo|མཐོང}}, {{W-|bo|གཟིགས}}
* {{Z|tkl}}: {{W-|tkl|kikila}}
* {{Z|tpi}}: {{W-|tpi|lukim}}
* {{Z|xto}}: {{W-|xto|läk-}}
* {{Z|txb}}: {{W-|txb|läk-}}
* {{Z|tyv}}: {{W-|tyv|көөр}}
* {{Z|udi}}: {{W-|udi|акӏсун}}
* {{Z|udm}}: {{W-|udm|адӟыны}}
* {{Z|uga}}: {{W-|uga|𐎈𐎄𐎊}}
* {{Z|umb}}: {{W-|umb|okuvandja}}
* {{Z|ur}}: {{W-|ur|دیکھنا|tr=dekhnā}}
* {{Z|uk}}: {{W-|uk|ба́чити}}, {{W-|uk|ви́діти}}
* {{Z|vec}}: {{W-|vec|védar}}
* {{Z|vi}}: {{W+|vi|nhìn thấy}}, {{W+|vi|xem xét}}, {{W+|vi|thấy}}, {{W+|vi|xem}}
* {{Z|vo}}: {{W+|vo|logön}}
* {{Z|wa}}: {{W+|wa|vey}}, {{W+|wa|vir}}
* {{Z|wbl}}: {{W-|wbl|win-}}
* {{Z|cy}}: {{W+|cy|gweld}}
* {{Z|wo}}: {{W+|wo|gis}}
* {{Z|kjh}}: {{W-|kjh|кӧрерге}}
* {{Z|km}}: {{W+|km|ឃើញ}}
* {{Z|xh}}: {{W-|xh|ukubona}}
* {{Z|yai}}: {{W-|yai|венак}}
* {{Z|sah}}: {{W-|sah|көр}}
* {{Z|yag}}: {{W-|yag|tiki}}
* {{Z|yi}}: {{W-|yi|זען}}
* {{Z|yo}}: {{W-|yo|rí}}, {{W-|yo|ríran}}
* {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|βλέπω}}
* {{Z|zza}}: {{W|zza|vênayene}}, {{W|zza|diyene|m}}
*: Kevn: {{W-|grc|βλέπω}}, {{W-|grc|ὁράω}}, {{W-|grc|εἶδον}}, {{W-|grc|ὀπτεύω}}, {{W-|grc|δέρκομαι}}, {{W-|grc|λεύσσω}}
* {{Z|zea}}: {{W-|zea|zieë}}
* {{Z|za}}: {{W-|za|raen}}
* {{Z|ase}}: {{W-|ase|V@Nose-PalmBack V@FromNose-PalmBack}}, {{W-|ase|K@Nose-PalmAcross K@FromNose-PalmAcross}}
* {{Z|zu}}: {{W-|zu|-[[bona]]}}
* {{Z|khi-kun}}: {{W-|khi-kun|siŋ}}
* {{Z|nmn}}: {{W-|nmn|ǀnâã}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|dîtin|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[pêhesîn]]a bi [[çav]]an:
#: ''Dîtina gulan mirovî dilxweş dike.''
# [[hevdîtin]], [[jivan]]:
#: ''dîtina hevalan li qehwexaneyê''
# [[qenaet|Qenaet]], [[bawerî]], [[nerîn]], [[boçûn]], [[helwest]], [[ray]].
#: {{mk|ku|Bi '''dîtina''' min divê em îro biçin.}}
# [[şêwe|Şêwe]], [[şikil]].
#: {{jêder-malper|ku|jêgirtin=Li wir, li ber wan '''dîtina''' wî hat guhertin. Rûyê wî wek rojê şewq da û cilên wî wek ronahiyê çîlspî bûn.|malper=kitebipiroz.com|sernav= Încîl (Mizgînî)|url=http://www.kitebipiroz.com/kurmanji/bible/mat/17/2}}
==== Bi zaravayên din ====
* {{Z|zza}}: {{W-|zza|dîtiş}}, {{W-|zza|diyayîş}}, {{W-|zza|vînayîş}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser|wate|1}}
{{werger-bin}}
{{werger-ser|wate|2}}
{{werger-bin}}
8vwr10b9ajhl1ezeqeoxl768q0lajag
dirûn
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wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker 1 ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk|dirûn|form=gerguhêz|niha=dirû|borî=dirû}}
{{lêker|ku|c=x-gh}}
# Bi [[derzî|derziyê]] yan [[şûjin]]ê ve kirî du parçeyên [[çît]]î yan [[qumaş]]î bi hev ve [[girê|girê dan]].
#: {{mk|ku|Kê ev kiras ji te re '''dirûye'''.}}
==== Herwiha ====
{{stûn|
* [[dirîn]]
* [[dirûtin]]
* [[dirwîn]]
* [[drûn]]
* [[drûtin]]
}}
==== Jê ====
{{stûn|
* {{mj|lêker}} [[dirûn kirin]]
* {{mj|navdêr}} [[dirûnkirin]]
* {{mj|rengdêr}} [[dirûnkirî]]
* [[dirûyayî]]
}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{ji|ine-pro|ku|*derbʰ-|w=girê dan}} ,
{{ji|ira-pro|ku|*derb-}} / {{q|ira-pro|*derf-|w=dirûn, girê dan}},
{{fa}}: '''derefş''' ("---"),
{{sem}}: '''dirit''' ("---"),
{{siv}}: '''dirow''' ("dirûn") ,
{{xun}}: '''duruft''' ("dirûn") {{ir}},
{{ku}}: '''dirûn, dirûtin''' ,
{{zza}}: '''[[derewtene]]'''),
{{sa}}: '''derbh'''- ("girê dan"),
{{enk}}: '''[[tearflian]]''' ("badan")
<font style="font-size:10px">'''Çavkanî:''' [[Şablon:Cheung|Cheung p.60]]</font> | <font style="font-size:10px">'''Pokorny:''' -</font><br />
==== Bi zaravayên din ====
* {{Z|zza}}: {{W-|zza|deştene}}
* {{Z|sdh}}: {{W-|sdh|düranin|sc=Latn}}
* {{Z|lki}}: {{W-|lki|düranin|sc=Latn}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|naaldwerk doen}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|steppen}}, {{W+|de|heften}}, {{W+|de|nähen}}, {{W|de|häkeln|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|sy}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W+|ar|خياطة}}, {{W+|ar|تطريز}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|stebi}}, {{W+|eo|kudri}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W|fa|بخیه|guman=erê}}, {{W|fa|چیدن محصول|guman=erê}}, {{W|fa|دوختن|guman=erê}}, {{W|fa|دوزندگی کردن|guman=erê}}, {{W|fa|کوک|guman=erê}}, {{W|fa|کوک کردن|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fo}}: {{W+|fo|seyma afturíaftur}}, {{W+|fo|seyma}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|ommella}}, {{W+|fi|kutoa}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|coudre}}
* {{Z|fy}}: {{W+|fy|naaie}}, {{W+|fy|nuddelje}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|stikken}}, {{W+|nl|naaien}}
* {{Z|en}}: to {{W+|en|sew}}, to {{W+|en|quilt}}, to {{W+|en|stitch}}, {{W|en|harvest home|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|harvesthome|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|harvesting|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|textile|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|tilbring|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|seam}}
* {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|cosir}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|varr}}
* {{Z|no}}: {{W+|no|sy}}
* {{Z|pap}}: {{W+|pap|kose}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|pespontar}}, {{W+|pt|coser}}, {{W+|pt|costurar}}
* {{Z|srn}}: {{W+|srn|nay}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|pespuntear}}, {{W+|es|coser a máquina}}, {{W+|es|coser}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|sy}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|dikmek}}, {{W|tr|biçmek|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Navdêr 1 ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|dirûn|mê}}
[[Wêne:Woman with Singer.jpg|thumb|Jinek bi makîneya '''dirûnê''' cilan didirû.]]
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[girê dan|girêdan]]a [[qumaş]] bi hev ve bi [[derzî|derziyê]]
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W|tr|biçim|guman=erê}}, {{W|tr|biçme|guman=erê}}, {{W|tr|dikim|guman=erê}}, {{W|tr|dikiş|guman=erê}}, {{W|tr|dikme|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}
{{bend}}
=== Lêker 2===
{{ku-tewîn-lk|dirûn|form=gerguhêz|niha=dirû|borî=dirû}}
{{lêker|ku|c=x-gh}}
# {{maneid|ku|giya birîn}} [[debr]], [[giya]] [[birîn]] (bi taybetî [[dexlûdan]])
#: {{mk|ku|Divê em vê zeviyê '''bidirûn'''.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Deh zelam bo '''dirûna''' vê zeviyê lazim in.}}
==== Herwiha ====
{{stûn|
* [[dirîn]]
* [[dirûtin]]
* [[dirwîn]]
* [[drûn]]
* [[drûtin]]
}}
==== Jê ====
* [[dirûyî]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Belkî ji {{ji|ine-pro|ku|*tewd-}}, {{q|ine-pro|*stewd-|w=[[lê dan]], [[birîn]], [[dirûtin]]}}, [[hevreh]]a soranî [[dirwên]], sanskrîtî तुदति (tudati: [[lê dan]]), latînî [[tundĕre]] ([[dirûn]], [[birîn]]), fransî [[tondre]] ([[dirûn]], [[birîn]]), spanî [[tundir]] ([[dirûn]], [[birîn]]), almanî [[stoßen]] (lê dan), danmarkî [[støde]]. Bo hin peyvên din jî ku di kurdî de "r" lê zêde bûye tevî ku di rehê wê yê {{ji|ine-pro|ku|-}} de "r" nîne, binere [[stran]] û [[strû]]. Yan jî ji "dirû(ti)n" (1) yan têkilî "[[dirandin]]". Hêjayî gotinê ye ku di hin devokên kurmancî de "dirûn" bi vê maneyê nayê bikaranîn lê li cihê wê [[çinîn]] li kar e. Bi heman awayî di farisî de jî {{g|fa|چیدن|tr=çîden}} ku hevreha [[çinîn]]a kurmancî ye.
==== Bi zaravayên din ====
* {{Z|ckb}}: {{W-|ckb|دروێنە کردن}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|mähen}}
* {{Z|id}}: [[memotong]] [[rumput]]
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W+|ar|حصاد}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|tondi}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|maaien}}
* {{Z|fr}}: [[couper]] l'[[herbe]], {{W+|fr|faucher}}
* {{Z|en}}: to {{W+|en|reap}}, to {{W+|en|mow}}, to {{W+|en|scythe}}, to {{W+|en|harvest}}, to [[cut]] (grass)
* {{Z|ja}}: [[刈る]] ([[かる]], [[karu]])
* {{Z|pl}}: : [[kosić]], {{W+|pl|skosić}}, {{W+|pl|żąć}}, {{W+|pl|zżąć}}
* {{Z|es}}: [[cortar]] la [[hierba]]
{{werger-bin}}
=== Navdêr 2 ===
[[Wêne:Agriculture in Volgograd Oblast 002.JPG|thumb|'''Dirûna''' dexlûdan bi makîneyê.]]
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{maneid|ku|debr}} {{bêwate}}
#: {{bêmînak}}
==== Bi zaravayên din ====
* {{Z|ckb}}: {{W-|ckb|دروێنە}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|fauchage|n}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|mowing}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|biçme}}
{{werger-bin}}
a84y0eras7efgluj9i7wcg4b3eqcdq9
kom
0
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6236131
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2026-05-27T02:42:53Z
Ghybu
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/* Navdêr 1 */
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== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{IPA|ku|/kʰoːm/}}
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163 (kmr)-Ebulfîda-kom.wav|Deng|Bidlîs}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Navdêr 1 ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|kom|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}, {{k-ya req}}
# [[çendîn|Çendîn]] kes yan tişt bi hev re, [[gelek]] kes yan tişt li gel hev.
#: {{hevmane|ku|grûp|ref|celeb|kerî|koz|hoz|revde}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
# [[pol]], [[sinif]]
#* {{jêder|ku|jêgirtin=Bavê min dibê, "Na, nabe ku qîza min êdî bixwîne, wê heta '''koma''' dehan xwendiye, bes e. (...)"|{{Jêgirtin/Sîma Semend/Xezal/1996}}}}
==== Ji wêjeya klasîk ====
* {{jêder|ku|{{Jêgirtin/Feqiyê Teyran}}|jêgirtin=belkî derxin ji ber derûretê</br>'''Komek''' li me lazim bûye</br>Ger çi ne meşrû darû ye}}
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|كۆم}}
==== Jê ====
{{kol3|ku|cure=Jê
|kom bûn<w:[[civîn]], [[berhev]] bûn><pos:lêker>
|kom kirin<w:[[civandin]], [[berhev kirin]]><pos:lêker>
|kombûn<w:[[civîn]], [[berhev]]bûn><pos:navdêr>
|komkirin<w:[[civandin]], [[berhevkirin]]><pos:navdêr>
|kombûyî<w:[[civiyayî]], [[berhev]]bûyî><pos:rengdêr>
|komkirî<w:[[civandî]], [[berhevkirî]]><pos:rengdêr>
|komandin
|komandî
|komar
|komarî
|komele
|komik
|komîner
|komînerî
|kom-kom
|kombers
}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Hevrehên soranî {{q|ckb|komar|sc=Latn}}, {{q|ckb|komele|sc=Latn}}, [[kurdiya başûrî]] {{q|sdh|kûme|sc=Latn}}, hewramî {{q|hac|koma|sc=Latn}}, farisî {{g|fa|کومه|tr=kûmê}}, tirkî {{q|tr|küme}}, hemû ji {{ji|ine-pro|ku|*keu|tr=pif bûn}}. Ji heman rehî: {{q|ku|gumtil}} - "-til" ji {{q|ku|til}} (2).
Herçi tevlihev bûye, ne hevrreha {{hv|ckb|کۆ}}, ku hevrreha {{q|ku|gog}} e.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|sq}}: {{W+|sq|grup|n}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Gruppe|m}}
* {{Z|ast}}: {{W-|ast|grupu|n}}
* {{Z|az}}: {{W+|az|qrup}}, {{W+|az|dəstə}}
* {{Z|eu}}: {{W+|eu|talde}}
* {{Z|ba}}: {{W-|ba|төркөм}}
* {{Z|be}}: {{W-|be|гру́па|m}}
* {{Z|bn}}: {{W-|bn|গ্রুপ}}
* {{Z|bg}}: {{W-|bg|гру́па|m}}
* {{Z|my}}: {{W+|my|အစု}}
* {{Z|cs}}: {{W+|cs|skupina|m}}
* {{Z|ny}}: {{W-|ny|gulu}}
* {{Z|zh}}:
*: {{Z|cmn}}: {{W-|cmn|集團|tr=jítuán}}, {{W+|cmn|群|tr=qún}}, {{W+|cmn|組|tr=zǔ}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|gruppe|g}}
* {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|kelompok}}, {{W+|id|grup}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W+|ar|مَجْمُوعَة|m}}, {{W+|ar|جَمَاعَة|m}}, {{W-|ar|نَفَر|n}}, {{W+|ar|طَائِفَة|m}}
*: {{Z|afb}}: {{W-|afb|قروب|nt|tr=grūp}}, {{W-|afb|مجموعة|m|tr=majmūʕa}}
*: {{Z|acw}}: {{W-|acw|مجموعة|m|tr=majmūʕa}}, {{W-|acw|جَمَاعَة|m|tr=jamāʕa}}, {{W-|acw|قروب|n|tr=gurūb, grūb}}
* {{Z|hy}}: {{W+|hy|խումբ}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|grupo}}
* {{Z|et}}: {{W+|et|rühm}}, {{W-|et|grupp}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|گروه|tr=goruh}}, {{W+|fa|مجموعه|tr=majmu'e}}
* {{Z|fo}}: {{W+|fo|bólkur|n}}, {{W-|fo|flokkur|n}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|joukko}}, {{W+|fi|ryhmä}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|groupe|n}}
* {{Z|fy}}: {{W-|fy|kloft}}
* {{Z|gd}}: {{W-|gd|cuideachd|m}}
* {{Z|gl}}: {{W+|gl|grupo|n}}, {{W-|gl|fatado|n}}, {{W+|gl|fato|n}}, {{W+|gl|feixe|n}}
* {{Z|ka}}: {{W-|ka|ჯგუფი}}
* {{Z|gn}}: {{W+|gn|aty}}
* {{Z|ht}}: {{W-|ht|gwoup}}
* {{Z|ha}}: {{W+|ha|ƙungiya}}
* {{Z|hi}}: {{W+|hi|समूह|n}}, {{W+|hi|ग्रूप|n}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|groep|m}}, {{W+|nl|verzameling|m}}
* {{Z|he}}: {{W-|he|קְבוּצָה|m|tr=k'vutzá}}
* {{Z|ang}}: {{W-|ang|hēap|n}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|group}}
* {{Z|ga}}: {{W+|ga|dream|n}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|gruppo|n}}, {{W+|it|formazione}}
* {{Z|is}}: {{W+|is|hópur|n}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|集団|tr=しゅうだん, shūdan}}, {{W+|ja|グループ|tr=gurūpu}}, {{W+|ja|組|tr=くみ, kumi}}, {{W+|ja|群|tr=ぐん, gun}}, {{W+|ja|群れ|tr=むれ, mure}}
* {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|grup|n}}
* {{Z|ky}}: {{W+|ky|группа}}, {{W+|ky|топ}}
* {{Z|ko}}: {{W+|ko|그룹}}, {{W+|ko|그루빠}}, {{W+|ko|집단}}, {{W+|ko|군}}
* {{Z|la}}: {{W-|la|circulus|n}}, {{W+|la|grex|n}}, {{W+|la|globus|n}}, {{W+|la|turma|m}}
*: {{Z|la}}: {{W-|la|grupus|n}}
* {{Z|lv}}: {{W-|lv|grupa|m}}
* {{Z|lo}}: {{W+|lo|ກຸ່ມ}}
* {{Z|lt}}: {{W+|lt|grupė|m}}
* {{Z|mk}}: {{W-|mk|група|m}}
* {{Z|ms}}: {{W+|ms|kumpulan}}
* {{Z|mr}}: {{W-|mr|समूह|n}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|csoport}}
* {{Z|mn}}:
*: Kirîlî: {{W+|mn|бүлэг}}
*: Mongolî: {{W-|mn|ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ}}
* {{Z|ne}}: {{W+|ne|समूह}}
* {{Z|nrf}}: {{W-|nrf|dgaîngue|m}}
* {{Z|no}}:
*: {{Z|nb}}: {{W+|nb|gruppe|n|m}}
*: {{Z|nn}}: {{W+|nn|gruppe|m}}
* {{Z|oc}}: {{W+|oc|grop|n}}
* {{Z|ug}}: {{W-|ug|گۇرۇپپا}}, {{W-|ug|گۇرۇھ}}
* {{Z|uz}}: {{W+|uz|gruppa}}, {{W+|uz|guruh}}, {{W+|uz|toʻp}}, {{W+|uz|toʻda}}
* {{Z|ps}}: {{W+|ps|ډله|m|tr=ḍála}}, {{W+|ps|گروه|n|tr=groh}}
* {{Z|pdt}}: {{W-|pdt|Grupp|m}}
* {{Z|pl}}: {{W+|pl|grupa|m}}, {{W+|pl|kupa|m}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|grupo|n}}
* {{Z|kk}}: {{W-|kk|топ}}, {{W-|kk|қауым}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W+|ro|grup|nt}}
* {{Z|ru}}: {{W-|ru|гру́ппа|m}}, {{W-|ru|коллекти́в|n}}
* {{Z|scn}}: {{W+|scn|gruppu|n}}
* {{Z|sh}}:
*: Kirîlî: {{W-|sh|гру̏па|m}}, {{W-|sh|ску̏пина|m}}
*: Latînî: {{W+|sh|grȕpa|m}}, {{W+|sh|skȕpina|m}}
* {{Z|sk}}: {{W+|sk|skupina|m}}
* {{Z|sl}}: {{W+|sl|skupína|m}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|grupo|n}}
* {{Z|sw}}: {{W+|sw|kundi}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|grupp|g}}
* {{Z|tg}}: {{W+|tg|гурӯҳ}}
* {{Z|th}}: {{W+|th|กลุ่ม}}
* {{Z|te}}: {{W+|te|సమూహం}}, {{W+|te|గుంపు}}
* {{Z|tt}}: {{W+|tt|төркем}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|grup}}, {{W+|tr|küme}}
* {{Z|tk}}: {{W-|tk|gruppa}}, {{W-|tk|top}}
* {{Z|txb}}: {{W-|txb|kraupe}}
* {{Z|tum}}: {{W-|tum|gulu}}
* {{Z|ur}}: {{W-|ur|گروہ|tr=gurōh}}, {{W-|ur|گروپ|n|tr=grūp}}
* {{Z|uk}}: {{W-|uk|гру́па|m}}
* {{Z|vi}}: {{W+|vi|nhóm}}
* {{Z|cy}}: {{W+|cy|twr}}
* {{Z|km}}: {{W+|km|ក្រុម}}
* {{Z|yi}}: {{W-|yi|גרופּע|m}}
* {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|ομάδα|m}}
* {{Z|za}}: {{W-|za|cizdonz}}
{{werger-bin}}
:{{werger çavkanî|en|group|beş=Ev qismê Wergerê|oldid=75964363}}
=== Navdêr 2 ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# avahiyê dewaran / sewalan. {{guherto|gov}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Rengdêr ===
{{bêçavkanî}}
{{rengdêr|ku}}
# [[qelew]], [[gir]], [[zexm]]
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Bilêvkirin ====
* Bi K-ya nerm wek "kevir"
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
{{werger-bin}}
== {{ziman|dag}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|dag}}
# {{mijar|dag|vexwarin}} {{g|ku|av}}
#* {{bêmînak|dag}}
=== Çavkanî ===
{{rûpela wergerê|dag|av/Werger}}
== {{ziman|nl}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|nl|z=m}}
# {{mijar|nl|aman}} {{g|ku|tirar}}, {{g|ku|tas}}, {{g|ku|kas}}
#* {{bêmînak|nl}}
=== Çavkanî ===
{{rûpela wergerê|nl|tirar}}
== {{ziman|tr}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|tr}}
# [[gom]]
#* {{bêmînak|tr}}
# [[zom]]
#* {{bêmînak|tr}}
27taw1c9v6fbg5frfj5f3eal484pd3n
grûp
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Ghybu
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/* Navdêr */
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== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|grûp|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[çendîn|Çendîn]] kes yan tişt bi hev re, [[gelek]] kes yan tişt li gel hev.
#: {{hevmane|ku|kom|ref|celeb|kerî}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
# {{kontrol|rêz=erê|[[revde]], [[bir]], [[hoz]], [[koz]], [[ajal]], [[col]], [[colek]]}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Herwiha ====
{{kol3|ku
| girob
| girop
| grob
| grop
| girub
| girup
| grub
| grup
| girûb
| girûp
| grûb
| gurob
| gurop
| gurub
| gurup
| gurûb
| gurûp
}}
==== Jê ====
{{kol3|ku
| grûpane
| grûp-grûp
| grûpî
}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Bi riya fransî {{q|ku|groupe}} lê fransî jî bixwe ji îtalî deyn kiriye.
Ji îtalî {{q|it|gruppo|w=[[girê]]}} û ji jermenî 'kruppa'( girseya gilover, koma gilover) û girêk ya kurdî bi peyva 'groupe' ra hevreh e.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W|de|Gang}} {{m}}, {{W|de|Partie|guman=erê}} {{m}}, {{W|de|Trupp|guman=erê}} {{n}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W|ar|طاقم|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W|fa|گروه}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W|en|bloc}}, {{W|en|group}}, {{W|en|league}}, {{W|en|team}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W|tr|fraksiyon}}, {{W|tr|kitle}}, {{W|tr|koz}}, {{W|tr|lig}}, {{W|tr|grup|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}
{{kontrolWergerr}}
p3yvnuyjbk94qx6shlse40i186jupbw
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Ghybu
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/* Navdêr */
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== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36368 (kur)-Dildadil-civat.wav|Deng|Amed}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|civat|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[kom|Komek]] [[mirov]]an ya li hev [[civîn|dicive]] anku [[kom]] dibe û [[suhbet]]ê dike yan [[biryar]]an dide.
#: {{hevmane|ku|meclis}}
#: {{nim|ku|'''Civata''' parêzgeha Dihokê evroke kom bû.}}
# [[civak|Civak]], hemî mirovên ji [[çande]]yekê yan li [[welat]]ekî.
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|جڤات}}
==== Hevmane ====
{{kol3|ku
|cemaat
|cemaet
|cema'at
|cema'et
|cemait
|cema'it
|cimaat
|cima'at
|cimaet
|cima'et
|cimait
|cima'it
}}
==== Bide ber ====
{{kol3|ku
|civak
|koçk
|komele
|sosyete
}}
==== Jê ====
{{kol3|ku|cure=Jê
|civatî
|civatdost
|civatdostî
|civathez
|civathezî
|civatyar
|civatyarî
|civat bûn<pos:lêker>
|civat kirin<pos:lêker>
|civatbûn<pos:navdêr>
|civatkirin<pos:navdêr>
|civatbûyî<pos:rengdêr>
|civatkirî<pos:rengdêr>
}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji [[cimat]] ji [[cemaet]] ji {{deyn|ar|ku|جَمَاعَة}}, têkilî [[civandin]], [[civîn]] û [[civak]]. Bo guherîna M bi V, bidin ber [[nav]], [[gav]], [[dav]].
==== Dûnde ====
* {{dû|ckb|جڤات<tr:civat>|deyn=1}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Gemeinde|m}}, {{W+|de|Gesellschaft|m}}, {{W+|de|Leute|n}}, {{W+|de|Zusammenkunft|m}}, {{W+|de|Umgegend|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W+|ar|اجتماع|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|العنق|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|الغاط|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|الكثف|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|الندوة|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|الندي|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|الهدالة|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|الهدملة|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|الوهط|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|مجلس|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|محفل|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|مقامة|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|اجتماع}}, {{W+|fa|جماعت}}, {{W+|fa|جامعه}}, {{W+|fa|انجمن}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|société}}, {{W+|fr|communauté}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|community}}, {{W+|en|company}}, {{W+|en|people}}, {{W+|en|society}}, {{W+|en|legislature}}, {{W+|en|denomination}}, {{W+|en|council}}, {{W+|en|congregation|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|consortium|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|seance|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|session|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|church|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|collegium|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|collective|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|league|guman=erê}}, {{W-|en|sbond|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|alem}}, {{W+|tr|camia}}, {{W+|tr|cemaat}}, {{W+|tr|cemiyet}}, {{W+|tr|cumhur}}, {{W+|tr|ehil}}, {{W+|tr|kongre}}, {{W+|tr|konsey}}, {{W+|tr|meclis}}, {{W+|tr|şûra}}, {{W+|tr|topluluk}}, {{W+|tr|zümre}}, {{W+|tr|toplum}}, {{W+|tr|kurul}}, {{W+|tr|sosyete}}
{{werger-bin}}
hu9m0h6v2kuz67xs5plt3mwbo9sx2wa
çend
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Bikarhêner
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/* */ bi [[MediaWiki:Gadget-AjaxEdit.js|AjaxEdit]]ê re
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== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA|ç(h)end}}
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163 (kmr)-Key Mîrza-çend.wav|Deng|Wan}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Hoker ===
{{hoker|ku}}
# [[çiqas]], [[çi]] [[qiyas]], [[çi]] [[hejmar]]
#: ''- Hûn '''çend''' kes in?'' <br> ''- Em pênc in.'' <br> ''- Ew gelek / piçek in.''<br>''Ev bi çendê ye?'' ([[biha|Bihayê]] vê çi ye?)
# [[hin]], [[hinek]]
#: '''''Çend''' kes hatin.'' (Hin kes hatin.)
# [[tişt]], [[rwîdan]]a me [[berî]] nuke [[behis]] kirî
#: ''Ew '''çenda''' çêbûyî nebaş bû.''
==== Ji wêjeya klasîk ====
* {{jêder|ku|{{Jêgirtin/Mela Hisênê Bateyî/Mewlûda Kurdî}}|jêgirtin=Der „Seren" dibê bi erdê ket girî</br>'''Çend''' salan rohnîkê wî bûne herî}}
==== Herwiha ====
* [[çen]]
* [[çenn]]
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|چەند}}
==== Têkilî ====
* [[çawa]]
* [[çilo]]
* [[çito]]
==== Bide ber ====
* [[çeng]]
==== Jê ====
{{stûn|
* [[çenda]]
* [[çendan]]
* [[çende]]
* [[çendek]]
* [[çendî]]
* [[çendîn]]
}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Hevreha {{hv|ckb|چهند|tr=çend}} û {{g|ckb|چهن|tr=çen}}, {{diq|zza|çend}} ''çend'', hewramî {{g|hac||tr=çinne}}, farisî {{g|fa|چند|tr=çend}}, [[hexamenîşî]] ''çiyent-'', avestayî ''çivent-'', sanskrîtî ''kivent-'' ji {{ji|ine-pro|ku|*kuiʰent-}} (k-ya {{ji|ine-pro|ku|-}} di zimanên îranî de dibe s/ş/z/ç) ku herwiha serekaniya latînî {{q|la|quantus}} e ku serekaniya pirraniya peyvên bi heman maneyê yên zimanên [[romenî]] ye: fransî {{q|fr|quant}}, îtalî û portugalî {{q|pt|quanto}}, spanî {{q|es|cuanto}}, romanî {{q|ro|cât}}... Herwiha bersiva wê [[hindî]], ji {{heve|ku|he|-end|w1=ev}}.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser|çi hejmar yan çiqas}}
* {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|hoeveel}}
* {{Z|akl}}: {{W-|akl|pila}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|wie viele}}
* {{Z|arc}}:
*: Îbranî: {{W-|arc|כמא}}
*: Siryanî: {{W-|arc|ܟܡܐ}}
* {{Z|ast}}: {{W+|ast|cuántos|n-p}}, {{W+|ast|cuántas|m-p}}
* {{Z|az}}: {{W+|az|neçə}}
* {{Z|ba}}: {{W-|ba|нисә}}, {{W-|ba|күпме}}
* {{Z|be}}: {{W+|be|ко́лькі}}
* {{Z|bcl}}: {{W-|bcl|pira}}
* {{Z|bg}}: {{W+|bg|ко́лко}}
* {{Z|my}}: {{W+|my|ဘယ်လောက်|sc=Mymr}}
* {{Z|cs}}: {{W+|cs|kolik}}
* {{Z|chy}}: {{W-|chy|tónesto}}
* {{Z|zh}}:
*: {{Z|yue}}: {{W-|yue|幾|tr=gei2}}, {{W-|yue|幾多|tr=gei2 do1}}
*: {{Z|dng}}: {{W-|dng|дуәшо}}, {{W-|dng|җи}}
*: {{Z|cmn}}: {{W+|cmn|多少|tr=duōshǎo}}, {{W+|cmn|幾|tr=jǐ}}, {{W+|cmn|幾個|tr=jǐgè}}
* {{Z|dak}}: {{W-|dak|tonakeca he?}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W-|da|[[hvor]] [[mange]]}}
* {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|berapa}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W+|ar|كَم}}
* {{Z|hy}}: {{W+|hy|քանի}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|kiom}}
* {{Z|et}}: {{W-|et|kui mitu}}
* {{Z|evn}}: {{W-|evn|ады}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|چند|tr=čand}}, {{W+|fa|چند تا|tr=čand-tâ}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W-|fi|[[kuinka]] [[monta]]}}, {{W-|fi|montako}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|combien}}
* {{Z|gl}}: {{W-|gl|cantos|n-p}}, {{W-|gl|cantas|m-p}}
* {{Z|ka}}: {{W+|ka|რამდენი|sc=Geor}}
* {{Z|gn}}: {{W-|gn|[[mboy]]}}
* {{Z|hi}}: {{W-|hi|कितने}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|hoeveel}}
* {{Z|he}}: {{W+|he|כַּמָּה|tr=káma}}
* {{Z|io}}: {{W+|io|quanta}}
* {{Z|ang}}: {{W-|ang|hū fela}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|how many}}
* {{Z|izh}}: {{W-|izh|monta}}
* {{Z|ia}}: {{W-|ia|quante}}
* {{Z|ga}}: {{W-|ga|cé mhéad}}, {{W-|ga|cá mhéad}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|quanti|n-p}}, {{W+|it|quante|m-p}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|幾つ|tr=いくつ, ikutsu}}, {{W+|ja|いくつ|tr=ikutsu}}, {{W+|ja|何|tr=なん, nan}}, {{W-|ja|幾-|tr=iku-}}
* {{Z|kaw}}: {{W-|kaw|pira}}
* {{Z|jv}}: {{W+|jv|pira}}
* {{Z|pam}}: {{W-|pam|pilan}}
* {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|quants|n-p}}, {{W+|ca|quantes|m-p}}
* {{Z|qu}}: {{W+|qu|hayk'a}}
* {{Z|ky}}: {{W+|ky|канча|sc=Cyrl}}
* {{Z|ko}}: {{W+|ko|얼마}}, {{W+|ko|얼마나}}, {{W+|ko|몇}}
* {{Z|la}}: {{W-|la|quot}}
* {{Z|lv}}: {{W-|lv|cik}}
* {{Z|lo}}: {{W-|lo|ຈັກ}}
* {{Z|lt}}: {{W-|lt|kiek}}
* {{Z|mhn}}: {{W-|mhn|biavle}}
* {{Z|mk}}: {{W+|mk|колку}}
* {{Z|ms}}: {{W-|ms|berapa}}
* {{Z|mt}}: {{W+|mt|kemm}}
* {{Z|mi}}: {{W-|mi|e hia}}, {{W-|mi|tokohia}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|hány}}
* {{Z|mn}}: {{W+|mn|хэд|sc=Cyrl}}, {{W-|mn|хэдэн|sc=Cyrl}}
* {{Z|nah}}: {{W-|nah|kexki}}
* {{Z|gld}}: {{W-|gld|хадо}}
* {{Z|nv}}: {{W-|nv|díkwíí}}
* {{Z|nrf}}: {{W-|nrf|combein}}, {{W-|nrf|caombian}}
* {{Z|no}}:
*: {{Z|nb}}: {{W-|nb|hvor mange}}
* {{Z|oj}}: {{W-|oj|aaniin daswi}}
* {{Z|oc}}: {{W+|oc|quants}}, {{W+|oc|quantes}}
* {{Z|om}}: {{W-|om|meeqa}}
* {{Z|ug}}: {{W-|ug|نەچچە}}, {{W-|ug|قانچىلىك}}, {{W-|ug|قانچە}}
* {{Z|uz}}: {{W+|uz|qancha}}
* {{Z|pau}}: {{W-|pau|ngtelang}}
* {{Z|ps}}: {{W+|ps|څو|tr=tsu|sc=Arab}}
* {{Z|pl}}: {{W+|pl|ile|p}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|quantos|n}}, {{W+|pt|quantas|m}}
* {{Z|kk}}: {{W-|kk|қанша|sc=Cyrl}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W-|ro|câți|n-p}}, {{W+|ro|câte|m-p}}
* {{Z|ru}}: {{W+|ru|ско́лько}}
* {{Z|sid}}: {{W-|sid|meʼe}}
* {{Z|sh}}:
*: Kirîlî: {{W-|sh|колико|sc=Cyrl}}
*: Latînî: {{W+|sh|koliko}}
* {{Z|sk}}: {{W-|sk|koľko}}
* {{Z|sl}}: {{W+|sl|kóliko}}
* {{Z|so}}: {{W-|so|meeqa}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|cuántos|n}}, {{W-|es|cuántas|m}}
* {{Z|sw}}: {{W-|sw|ngapi|cuda=-ngapi}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W-|sv|[[hur]] [[många]]}}
* {{Z|tg}}: {{W+|tg|чанд|sc=Cyrl}}
* {{Z|tl}}: {{W-|tl|ilan}}
* {{Z|th}}: {{W+|th|เท่าไร}}, {{W+|th|กี่}}
* {{Z|tet}}: {{W-|tet|hira}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|kaç}}
* {{Z|tk}}: {{W-|tk|näçe}}
* {{Z|bo}}: {{W-|bo|ག་ཚོད}}
* {{Z|tpi}}: {{W-|tpi|hamas}}
* {{Z|ur}}: {{W-|ur|کِتنے|tr=kitne}}
* {{Z|uk}}: {{W-|uk|скі́льки}}, {{W-|uk|кі́лько}}
* {{Z|vi}}: {{W+|vi|mấy}}, {{W+|vi|bao nhiêu}}
* {{Z|vo}}: {{W+|vo|liomödotik}}
* {{Z|cy}}: {{W+|cy|faint|n}}, {{W-|cy|sawl}}
* {{Z|wo}}: {{W+|wo|ñaata}}
* {{Z|km}}: {{W+|km|ប៉ុន្មាន}}
* {{Z|sah}}: {{W-|sah|хас}}
* {{Z|yi}}: {{W-|yi|וויפֿל}}
* {{Z|yo}}: {{W-|yo|mélòó}}
* {{Z|esu}}: {{W-|esu|qavcin}}
* {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|πόσοι}}
*: Kevn: {{W-|grc|[[πόσος|πόσοι]]}}
* {{Z|za}}: {{W-|za|geij}}, {{W-|za|geijlai}}
* {{Z|ase}}: {{W-|ase|S@InsideChesthigh-PalmUp-S@InsideChesthigh-PalmUp 5@InsideChesthigh-PalmUp-5@InsideChesthigh-PalmUp}}
{{werger-bin}}
:{{werger çavkanî|en|how many|beş=Ev qismê Wergerê|oldid=75710605}}
{{werger-bnr|hinek}}
=== Rengdêr ===
{{rengdêr|ku}}
# {{reşwanî}} [[dêwîn]], [[gelek]] [[mezin]]
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
{{etîmolojî?}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
{{werger-bin}}
es3ic3mdzcvzoonr7ip4if65ye6n1em
6236191
6236190
2026-05-27T10:50:28Z
Bikarhêner
3719
/* */ bi [[MediaWiki:Gadget-AjaxEdit.js|AjaxEdit]]ê re
6236191
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text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA|ç(h)end}}
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163 (kmr)-Key Mîrza-çend.wav|Deng|Wan}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Hoker ===
{{hoker|ku}}
# [[çiqas]], [[çi]] [[qiyas]], [[çi]] [[hejmar]]
#: ''- Hûn '''çend''' kes in?'' <br> ''- Em pênc in.'' <br> ''- Ew gelek / piçek in.''<br>''Ev bi çendê ye?'' ([[biha|Bihayê]] vê çi ye?)
# [[hin]], [[hinek]]
#: '''''Çend''' kes hatin.'' (Hin kes hatin.)
# [[tişt]], [[rwîdan]]a me [[berî]] nuke [[behis]] kirî
#: ''Ew '''çenda''' çêbûyî nebaş bû.''
==== Ji wêjeya klasîk ====
* {{jêder|ku|{{Jêgirtin/Mela Hisênê Bateyî/Mewlûda Kurdî}}|jêgirtin=Der „Seren" dibê bi erdê ket girî</br>'''Çend''' salan rohnîkê wî bûne herî}}
==== Herwiha ====
* [[çen]]
* [[çenn]]
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|چەند}}
==== Têkilî ====
* [[çawa]]
* [[çilo]]
* [[çito]]
==== Bide ber ====
* [[çeng]]
==== Jê ====
{{stûn|
* [[çenda]]
* [[çendan]]
* [[çende]]
* [[çendek]]
* [[çendî]]
* [[çendîn]]
}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Hevreha {{hv|ckb|چهند|tr=çend}} û {{g|ckb|چهن|tr=çen}}, {{hv|zza|çend}}, hewramî {{g|hac||tr=çinne}}, farisî {{g|fa|چند|tr=çend}}, [[hexamenîşî]] ''çiyent-'', avestayî ''çivent-'', sanskrîtî ''kivent-'' ji {{ji|ine-pro|ku|*kuiʰent-}} (k-ya {{ji|ine-pro|ku|-}} di zimanên îranî de dibe s/ş/z/ç) ku herwiha serekaniya latînî {{q|la|quantus}} e ku serekaniya pirraniya peyvên bi heman maneyê yên zimanên [[romenî]] ye: fransî {{q|fr|quant}}, îtalî û portugalî {{q|pt|quanto}}, spanî {{q|es|cuanto}}, romanî {{q|ro|cât}}... Herwiha bersiva wê [[hindî]], ji {{heve|ku|he|-end|w1=ev}}.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser|çi hejmar yan çiqas}}
* {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|hoeveel}}
* {{Z|akl}}: {{W-|akl|pila}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|wie viele}}
* {{Z|arc}}:
*: Îbranî: {{W-|arc|כמא}}
*: Siryanî: {{W-|arc|ܟܡܐ}}
* {{Z|ast}}: {{W+|ast|cuántos|n-p}}, {{W+|ast|cuántas|m-p}}
* {{Z|az}}: {{W+|az|neçə}}
* {{Z|ba}}: {{W-|ba|нисә}}, {{W-|ba|күпме}}
* {{Z|be}}: {{W+|be|ко́лькі}}
* {{Z|bcl}}: {{W-|bcl|pira}}
* {{Z|bg}}: {{W+|bg|ко́лко}}
* {{Z|my}}: {{W+|my|ဘယ်လောက်|sc=Mymr}}
* {{Z|cs}}: {{W+|cs|kolik}}
* {{Z|chy}}: {{W-|chy|tónesto}}
* {{Z|zh}}:
*: {{Z|yue}}: {{W-|yue|幾|tr=gei2}}, {{W-|yue|幾多|tr=gei2 do1}}
*: {{Z|dng}}: {{W-|dng|дуәшо}}, {{W-|dng|җи}}
*: {{Z|cmn}}: {{W+|cmn|多少|tr=duōshǎo}}, {{W+|cmn|幾|tr=jǐ}}, {{W+|cmn|幾個|tr=jǐgè}}
* {{Z|dak}}: {{W-|dak|tonakeca he?}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W-|da|[[hvor]] [[mange]]}}
* {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|berapa}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W+|ar|كَم}}
* {{Z|hy}}: {{W+|hy|քանի}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|kiom}}
* {{Z|et}}: {{W-|et|kui mitu}}
* {{Z|evn}}: {{W-|evn|ады}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|چند|tr=čand}}, {{W+|fa|چند تا|tr=čand-tâ}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W-|fi|[[kuinka]] [[monta]]}}, {{W-|fi|montako}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|combien}}
* {{Z|gl}}: {{W-|gl|cantos|n-p}}, {{W-|gl|cantas|m-p}}
* {{Z|ka}}: {{W+|ka|რამდენი|sc=Geor}}
* {{Z|gn}}: {{W-|gn|[[mboy]]}}
* {{Z|hi}}: {{W-|hi|कितने}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|hoeveel}}
* {{Z|he}}: {{W+|he|כַּמָּה|tr=káma}}
* {{Z|io}}: {{W+|io|quanta}}
* {{Z|ang}}: {{W-|ang|hū fela}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|how many}}
* {{Z|izh}}: {{W-|izh|monta}}
* {{Z|ia}}: {{W-|ia|quante}}
* {{Z|ga}}: {{W-|ga|cé mhéad}}, {{W-|ga|cá mhéad}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|quanti|n-p}}, {{W+|it|quante|m-p}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|幾つ|tr=いくつ, ikutsu}}, {{W+|ja|いくつ|tr=ikutsu}}, {{W+|ja|何|tr=なん, nan}}, {{W-|ja|幾-|tr=iku-}}
* {{Z|kaw}}: {{W-|kaw|pira}}
* {{Z|jv}}: {{W+|jv|pira}}
* {{Z|pam}}: {{W-|pam|pilan}}
* {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|quants|n-p}}, {{W+|ca|quantes|m-p}}
* {{Z|qu}}: {{W+|qu|hayk'a}}
* {{Z|ky}}: {{W+|ky|канча|sc=Cyrl}}
* {{Z|ko}}: {{W+|ko|얼마}}, {{W+|ko|얼마나}}, {{W+|ko|몇}}
* {{Z|la}}: {{W-|la|quot}}
* {{Z|lv}}: {{W-|lv|cik}}
* {{Z|lo}}: {{W-|lo|ຈັກ}}
* {{Z|lt}}: {{W-|lt|kiek}}
* {{Z|mhn}}: {{W-|mhn|biavle}}
* {{Z|mk}}: {{W+|mk|колку}}
* {{Z|ms}}: {{W-|ms|berapa}}
* {{Z|mt}}: {{W+|mt|kemm}}
* {{Z|mi}}: {{W-|mi|e hia}}, {{W-|mi|tokohia}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|hány}}
* {{Z|mn}}: {{W+|mn|хэд|sc=Cyrl}}, {{W-|mn|хэдэн|sc=Cyrl}}
* {{Z|nah}}: {{W-|nah|kexki}}
* {{Z|gld}}: {{W-|gld|хадо}}
* {{Z|nv}}: {{W-|nv|díkwíí}}
* {{Z|nrf}}: {{W-|nrf|combein}}, {{W-|nrf|caombian}}
* {{Z|no}}:
*: {{Z|nb}}: {{W-|nb|hvor mange}}
* {{Z|oj}}: {{W-|oj|aaniin daswi}}
* {{Z|oc}}: {{W+|oc|quants}}, {{W+|oc|quantes}}
* {{Z|om}}: {{W-|om|meeqa}}
* {{Z|ug}}: {{W-|ug|نەچچە}}, {{W-|ug|قانچىلىك}}, {{W-|ug|قانچە}}
* {{Z|uz}}: {{W+|uz|qancha}}
* {{Z|pau}}: {{W-|pau|ngtelang}}
* {{Z|ps}}: {{W+|ps|څو|tr=tsu|sc=Arab}}
* {{Z|pl}}: {{W+|pl|ile|p}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|quantos|n}}, {{W+|pt|quantas|m}}
* {{Z|kk}}: {{W-|kk|қанша|sc=Cyrl}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W-|ro|câți|n-p}}, {{W+|ro|câte|m-p}}
* {{Z|ru}}: {{W+|ru|ско́лько}}
* {{Z|sid}}: {{W-|sid|meʼe}}
* {{Z|sh}}:
*: Kirîlî: {{W-|sh|колико|sc=Cyrl}}
*: Latînî: {{W+|sh|koliko}}
* {{Z|sk}}: {{W-|sk|koľko}}
* {{Z|sl}}: {{W+|sl|kóliko}}
* {{Z|so}}: {{W-|so|meeqa}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|cuántos|n}}, {{W-|es|cuántas|m}}
* {{Z|sw}}: {{W-|sw|ngapi|cuda=-ngapi}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W-|sv|[[hur]] [[många]]}}
* {{Z|tg}}: {{W+|tg|чанд|sc=Cyrl}}
* {{Z|tl}}: {{W-|tl|ilan}}
* {{Z|th}}: {{W+|th|เท่าไร}}, {{W+|th|กี่}}
* {{Z|tet}}: {{W-|tet|hira}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|kaç}}
* {{Z|tk}}: {{W-|tk|näçe}}
* {{Z|bo}}: {{W-|bo|ག་ཚོད}}
* {{Z|tpi}}: {{W-|tpi|hamas}}
* {{Z|ur}}: {{W-|ur|کِتنے|tr=kitne}}
* {{Z|uk}}: {{W-|uk|скі́льки}}, {{W-|uk|кі́лько}}
* {{Z|vi}}: {{W+|vi|mấy}}, {{W+|vi|bao nhiêu}}
* {{Z|vo}}: {{W+|vo|liomödotik}}
* {{Z|cy}}: {{W+|cy|faint|n}}, {{W-|cy|sawl}}
* {{Z|wo}}: {{W+|wo|ñaata}}
* {{Z|km}}: {{W+|km|ប៉ុន្មាន}}
* {{Z|sah}}: {{W-|sah|хас}}
* {{Z|yi}}: {{W-|yi|וויפֿל}}
* {{Z|yo}}: {{W-|yo|mélòó}}
* {{Z|esu}}: {{W-|esu|qavcin}}
* {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|πόσοι}}
*: Kevn: {{W-|grc|[[πόσος|πόσοι]]}}
* {{Z|za}}: {{W-|za|geij}}, {{W-|za|geijlai}}
* {{Z|ase}}: {{W-|ase|S@InsideChesthigh-PalmUp-S@InsideChesthigh-PalmUp 5@InsideChesthigh-PalmUp-5@InsideChesthigh-PalmUp}}
{{werger-bin}}
:{{werger çavkanî|en|how many|beş=Ev qismê Wergerê|oldid=75710605}}
{{werger-bnr|hinek}}
=== Rengdêr ===
{{rengdêr|ku}}
# {{reşwanî}} [[dêwîn]], [[gelek]] [[mezin]]
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
{{etîmolojî?}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
{{werger-bin}}
19w952845ygtk1upaz1kg63dgyrkp1r
tê
0
12102
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2026-05-27T03:22:32Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Jê */
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{{bnr-h|te|të|Te}}
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163_(kmr)-Key Mîrza-tê.wav|Deng|Bidlîs}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Pêşdaçek ===
{{pêşdaçek|ku}}
# [[di]] [[wê]]; [[di]] [[wî]], [[di]] [[wan]]
#: '''''Tê''' de ye.'' (Di wê / wî / wan de ye.)
==== Ji wêjeya klasîk ====
* {{jêder|ku|{{Jêgirtin/Mela Hisênê Bateyî/Mewlûda Kurdî}}|jêgirtin=Fewqê 'Ednan ta ji Adem ixtilaf</br>'''Tê''' heye lew bi tifaq e ev mesaf</br>Jêrî Ednan ta ji 'Ebdullah guhest}}
==== Bikaranîn ====
[[lêker|Lêkerên]] ku piştî [[lê]]/[[jê]]/[[tê]]/{{pêşdaçek|ku|pê}} tên, di dema niha a [[bilanî]](subjunctive) de [[bi-]] nastînin. Anku "[[tê xistin|tê bixe]]" na "[[tê xistin|tê xim]]", "[[tê nan|tê binim]]" na "[[tê niyan|tê nim]]". Heman tişt herwisa gava [[bireser]] "[[xwe]]" dibe jî dibe ("xwe [[gan|bigê]]!" na lê "xwe gê!"). Lê ev tenê bi lêkerên [[qalib]][[req]] ([[stereotypical]]/[[kalıplaşmış]]) li kar e û ew jî [[dever]] bi [[dever]] diguhere, [[mesela]] hin kes dibêjin "lê binêre!, lê bigere!" hin kes jî "lê nêre!, lê gere!", [[bi taybetî]] ên [[hevedudanî]] û [[kurt]] û ên ku [[tim tim]] bi [[lêker]]ên ku [[tim tim]] wek [[lêker]]ên [[alîkar]] tên [[bikaranîn]] (wek [[tê xistin]], [[pê xistin]], [[li xwe kirin]], [[jê kirin]]) "[[bi-]]"a [[rewş]]a [[bilanî]] dikeve.
==== Jê ====
{{kol3|ku
| tê de
| tê re
| tê xistin
| têxistin
| têxistî
| tê xebitîn
| têketin
}}
==== Bide ber ====
* [[têper]]
* [[têperî]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{qertaf|ku|di|wê}}.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|in it}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|geçerli|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|gelme|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|ta|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Cînav ===
{{cînav|ku}}
# [[tu]] [[dê]], [[tu]] [[ê]], [[tu]] [[yê]]
#: '''''Tê''' kengî çî?'' (Tu dê kengî biçî? / Çûna te dê kengî be?)
==== Etîmolojî ====
{{q|ku|tu}} + {{q|ku|dê}} yan {{q|ku|tu}} + {{q|ku|ê}} yan {{q|ku|tu}} + {{q|ku|yê}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Formeke lêkerê ===
{{lêker|ku|form=erê}}
# {{ku-dema-niha|hatin|duyem|yekjimar}}
#: ''Tu tê malê.''
# {{ku-dema-niha|hatin|sêyem|yekjimar}}
#: ''Ew '''tê''' malê.'' (Ew têt malê. / Ew dihêt malê.)
==== Herwiha ====
Li gel kesê duyem yê yekhejmar
* [[têyî]], [[dihêyî]], [[dihê]]
Li gel kesê sêyem yê yekhejmar
* [[têt]], [[dihê]], [[dihêt]], [[têtin]], [[dihêtin]]
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6236158
6236148
2026-05-27T04:05:32Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Pêşdaçek */
6236158
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{bnr-h|te|të|Te}}
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163_(kmr)-Key Mîrza-tê.wav|Deng|Bidlîs}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Pêşdaçek ===
{{pêşdaçek|ku}}
# [[di]] [[wê]]; [[di]] [[wî]], [[di]] [[wan]]
#: {{mk|ku|'''Tê''' de ye.|di wê / wî / wan de ye.|rêz=1}}
==== Ji wêjeya klasîk ====
* {{jêder|ku|{{Jêgirtin/Mela Hisênê Bateyî/Mewlûda Kurdî}}|jêgirtin=Fewqê 'Ednan ta ji Adem ixtilaf</br>'''Tê''' heye lew bi tifaq e ev mesaf</br>Jêrî Ednan ta ji 'Ebdullah guhest}}
==== Bikaranîn ====
Lêkerên ku piştî [[lê]] / [[jê]] / tê / {{g|ku|pê}} tên, di dema niha a [[bilanî]] (''subjunctive'') de [[bi-]] nastînin. Anku "[[tê xistin|tê bixe]]" na "[[tê xistin|tê xim]]", "[[tê nan|tê binim]]" na "[[tê niyan|tê nim]]". Heman tişt herwisa gava [[bireser]] "[[xwe]]" dibe jî dibe ("xwe [[gan|bigê]]!" na lê "xwe gê!"). Lê ev tenê bi lêkerên [[qalib]][[req]] ({{q|en|stereotypical}}/{{q|tr|kalıplaşmış}}) li kar e û ew jî dever bi dever diguhere, mesela hin kes dibêjin "lê binêre!, lê bigere!" hin kes jî "lê nêre!, lê gere!", bi taybetî ên [[hevedudanî]] û kurt û ên ku [[tim tim]] bi lêkerên ku tim tim wek lêkerên [[alîkar]] tên bikaranîn (wek ''[[tê xistin]]'', ''[[pê xistin]]'', ''[[li xwe kirin]]'', ''[[jê kirin]]'') "[[bi-]]"a [[rewş]]a [[bilanî]] dikeve.
==== Jê ====
{{kol3|ku
| tê de
| tê re
| tê xistin
| têxistin
| têxistî
| tê xebitîn
| têketin
}}
==== Bide ber ====
* [[têper]]
* [[têperî]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{qertaf|ku|di|wê}}.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|in it}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|geçerli|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|gelme|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|ta|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Cînav ===
{{cînav|ku}}
# [[tu]] [[dê]], [[tu]] [[ê]], [[tu]] [[yê]]
#: '''''Tê''' kengî çî?'' (Tu dê kengî biçî? / Çûna te dê kengî be?)
==== Etîmolojî ====
{{q|ku|tu}} + {{q|ku|dê}} yan {{q|ku|tu}} + {{q|ku|ê}} yan {{q|ku|tu}} + {{q|ku|yê}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Formeke lêkerê ===
{{lêker|ku|form=erê}}
# {{ku-dema-niha|hatin|duyem|yekjimar}}
#: ''Tu tê malê.''
# {{ku-dema-niha|hatin|sêyem|yekjimar}}
#: ''Ew '''tê''' malê.'' (Ew têt malê. / Ew dihêt malê.)
==== Herwiha ====
Li gel kesê duyem yê yekhejmar
* [[têyî]], [[dihêyî]], [[dihê]]
Li gel kesê sêyem yê yekhejmar
* [[têt]], [[dihê]], [[dihêt]], [[têtin]], [[dihêtin]]
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6236159
6236158
2026-05-27T04:12:54Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Jê */
6236159
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{bnr-h|te|të|Te}}
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163_(kmr)-Key Mîrza-tê.wav|Deng|Bidlîs}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Pêşdaçek ===
{{pêşdaçek|ku}}
# [[di]] [[wê]]; [[di]] [[wî]], [[di]] [[wan]]
#: {{mk|ku|'''Tê''' de ye.|di wê / wî / wan de ye.|rêz=1}}
==== Ji wêjeya klasîk ====
* {{jêder|ku|{{Jêgirtin/Mela Hisênê Bateyî/Mewlûda Kurdî}}|jêgirtin=Fewqê 'Ednan ta ji Adem ixtilaf</br>'''Tê''' heye lew bi tifaq e ev mesaf</br>Jêrî Ednan ta ji 'Ebdullah guhest}}
==== Bikaranîn ====
Lêkerên ku piştî [[lê]] / [[jê]] / tê / {{g|ku|pê}} tên, di dema niha a [[bilanî]] (''subjunctive'') de [[bi-]] nastînin. Anku "[[tê xistin|tê bixe]]" na "[[tê xistin|tê xim]]", "[[tê nan|tê binim]]" na "[[tê niyan|tê nim]]". Heman tişt herwisa gava [[bireser]] "[[xwe]]" dibe jî dibe ("xwe [[gan|bigê]]!" na lê "xwe gê!"). Lê ev tenê bi lêkerên [[qalib]][[req]] ({{q|en|stereotypical}}/{{q|tr|kalıplaşmış}}) li kar e û ew jî dever bi dever diguhere, mesela hin kes dibêjin "lê binêre!, lê bigere!" hin kes jî "lê nêre!, lê gere!", bi taybetî ên [[hevedudanî]] û kurt û ên ku [[tim tim]] bi lêkerên ku tim tim wek lêkerên [[alîkar]] tên bikaranîn (wek ''[[tê xistin]]'', ''[[pê xistin]]'', ''[[li xwe kirin]]'', ''[[jê kirin]]'') "[[bi-]]"a [[rewş]]a [[bilanî]] dikeve.
==== Jê ====
{{kol3|ku
| tê de
| tê re
| tê xistin
| têxistin
| têxistî
| tê xebitîn
| têketin
| tê ketin
| tê dan
| têdan
| tê anîn der
| tê de kirin
}}
==== Bide ber ====
* [[têper]]
* [[têperî]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{qertaf|ku|di|wê}}.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|in it}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|geçerli|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|gelme|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|ta|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Cînav ===
{{cînav|ku}}
# [[tu]] [[dê]], [[tu]] [[ê]], [[tu]] [[yê]]
#: '''''Tê''' kengî çî?'' (Tu dê kengî biçî? / Çûna te dê kengî be?)
==== Etîmolojî ====
{{q|ku|tu}} + {{q|ku|dê}} yan {{q|ku|tu}} + {{q|ku|ê}} yan {{q|ku|tu}} + {{q|ku|yê}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Formeke lêkerê ===
{{lêker|ku|form=erê}}
# {{ku-dema-niha|hatin|duyem|yekjimar}}
#: ''Tu tê malê.''
# {{ku-dema-niha|hatin|sêyem|yekjimar}}
#: ''Ew '''tê''' malê.'' (Ew têt malê. / Ew dihêt malê.)
==== Herwiha ====
Li gel kesê duyem yê yekhejmar
* [[têyî]], [[dihêyî]], [[dihê]]
Li gel kesê sêyem yê yekhejmar
* [[têt]], [[dihê]], [[dihêt]], [[têtin]], [[dihêtin]]
alkxdlmpnwiw92js9bpp4ctgchk26yn
6236160
6236159
2026-05-27T04:15:03Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Formeke lêkerê */
6236160
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{bnr-h|te|të|Te}}
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163_(kmr)-Key Mîrza-tê.wav|Deng|Bidlîs}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Pêşdaçek ===
{{pêşdaçek|ku}}
# [[di]] [[wê]]; [[di]] [[wî]], [[di]] [[wan]]
#: {{mk|ku|'''Tê''' de ye.|di wê / wî / wan de ye.|rêz=1}}
==== Ji wêjeya klasîk ====
* {{jêder|ku|{{Jêgirtin/Mela Hisênê Bateyî/Mewlûda Kurdî}}|jêgirtin=Fewqê 'Ednan ta ji Adem ixtilaf</br>'''Tê''' heye lew bi tifaq e ev mesaf</br>Jêrî Ednan ta ji 'Ebdullah guhest}}
==== Bikaranîn ====
Lêkerên ku piştî [[lê]] / [[jê]] / tê / {{g|ku|pê}} tên, di dema niha a [[bilanî]] (''subjunctive'') de [[bi-]] nastînin. Anku "[[tê xistin|tê bixe]]" na "[[tê xistin|tê xim]]", "[[tê nan|tê binim]]" na "[[tê niyan|tê nim]]". Heman tişt herwisa gava [[bireser]] "[[xwe]]" dibe jî dibe ("xwe [[gan|bigê]]!" na lê "xwe gê!"). Lê ev tenê bi lêkerên [[qalib]][[req]] ({{q|en|stereotypical}}/{{q|tr|kalıplaşmış}}) li kar e û ew jî dever bi dever diguhere, mesela hin kes dibêjin "lê binêre!, lê bigere!" hin kes jî "lê nêre!, lê gere!", bi taybetî ên [[hevedudanî]] û kurt û ên ku [[tim tim]] bi lêkerên ku tim tim wek lêkerên [[alîkar]] tên bikaranîn (wek ''[[tê xistin]]'', ''[[pê xistin]]'', ''[[li xwe kirin]]'', ''[[jê kirin]]'') "[[bi-]]"a [[rewş]]a [[bilanî]] dikeve.
==== Jê ====
{{kol3|ku
| tê de
| tê re
| tê xistin
| têxistin
| têxistî
| tê xebitîn
| têketin
| tê ketin
| tê dan
| têdan
| tê anîn der
| tê de kirin
}}
==== Bide ber ====
* [[têper]]
* [[têperî]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{qertaf|ku|di|wê}}.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|in it}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|geçerli|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|gelme|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|ta|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Cînav ===
{{cînav|ku}}
# [[tu]] [[dê]], [[tu]] [[ê]], [[tu]] [[yê]]
#: '''''Tê''' kengî çî?'' (Tu dê kengî biçî? / Çûna te dê kengî be?)
==== Etîmolojî ====
{{q|ku|tu}} + {{q|ku|dê}} yan {{q|ku|tu}} + {{q|ku|ê}} yan {{q|ku|tu}} + {{q|ku|yê}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Formeke lêkerê ===
{{lêker|ku|form=erê}}
# {{ku-dema-niha|hatin|duyem|yekjimar}}
#: {{mk|ku|Tu tê malê.}}
# {{ku-dema-niha|hatin|sêyem|yekjimar}}
#: {{mk|ku|Ew '''tê''' malê.|Ew têt malê. / Ew dihêt malê.|rêz=1}}
==== Herwiha ====
Li gel kesê duyem yê yekhejmar
* [[têyî]], [[dihêyî]], [[dihê]]
Li gel kesê sêyem yê yekhejmar
* [[têt]], [[dihê]], [[dihêt]], [[têtin]], [[dihêtin]]
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hizb
0
12504
6236132
6211891
2026-05-27T02:44:51Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Navdêr */
6236132
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{IPA|ku|/hɪzb/}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|hizb|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[partî]], [[rêkxistin]]a [[siyasî]], [[kom]]a [[siyasî]], [[hêz]]a [[siyasî]], [[alî|aliyek]] [[siyasî]]
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Herwiha ====
{{kol3|ku
| hizib
| hîzb
| hîzib
| huzb
| huzib
| ḧizb
| ḧizib
| ḧîzb
| ḧîzib
| ḧuzb
| ḧuzib
}}
==== Jê ====
{{kol3|ku
| ehzab
| hizbane
| hizbahî
| hizbatî
| hizbayî
| hizbgir
| hizbgirî
| hizbî
}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{ji|ar|ku|حِزْب}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W|fa|حزب}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W|en|party}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W|tr|bölük}}, {{W|tr|hizip}}, {{W|tr|parti}}
{{werger-bin}}
== {{ziman|az}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|az}}
# {{mijar|az|siyaset}} {{g|ku|partî}}, {{g|ku|hizb}}
#* {{bêmînak|az}}
=== Çavkanî ===
{{rûpela wergerê|az|partî}}
== {{ziman|uz}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|uz}}
# {{mijar|uz|siyaset}} {{g|ku|partî}}, {{g|ku|hizb}}
#* {{bêmînak|uz}}
=== Çavkanî ===
{{rûpela wergerê|uz|partî}}
qblh78l4tf3xwelokprugvse2ff0u49
6236138
6236132
2026-05-27T03:04:21Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Navdêr */
6236138
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{IPA|ku|/hɪzb/}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|hizb|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[rêkxistin]]a [[siyasî]], [[kom]]a siyasî, [[hêz]]a siyasî, [[alî|aliyek]] siyasî
#: {{hevmane|ku|partî}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Herwiha ====
{{kol3|ku
| hizib
| hîzb
| hîzib
| huzb
| huzib
| ḧizb
| ḧizib
| ḧîzb
| ḧîzib
| ḧuzb
| ḧuzib
}}
==== Jê ====
{{kol3|ku
| ehzab
| hizbane
| hizbahî
| hizbatî
| hizbayî
| hizbgir
| hizbgirî
| hizbî
}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{ji|ar|ku|حِزْب}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W|fa|حزب}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W|en|party}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W|tr|bölük}}, {{W|tr|hizip}}, {{W|tr|parti}}
{{werger-bin}}
== {{ziman|az}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|az}}
# {{mijar|az|siyaset}} {{g|ku|partî}}, {{g|ku|hizb}}
#* {{bêmînak|az}}
=== Çavkanî ===
{{rûpela wergerê|az|partî}}
== {{ziman|uz}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|uz}}
# {{mijar|uz|siyaset}} {{g|ku|partî}}, {{g|ku|hizb}}
#* {{bêmînak|uz}}
=== Çavkanî ===
{{rûpela wergerê|uz|partî}}
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rêkxistin
0
12516
6236121
6064412
2026-05-27T02:07:20Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Navdêr */
6236121
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{ds|rêkxistin|rêxistin}}
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{kîte|ku|rêk|xis|tin}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|rêkxistin|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[kom|Komek]] [[mirov]]an yên bo hin [[armanc]]ên [[diyar|diyarkirî]] [[xebitîn|dixebitin]].
#: {{hevmane|ku|organîzasyon|sazman|teşkîlat|kom|partî|hizb}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
# [[birêkxistin]], li ser yek hatin
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|رێكخستن}}
==== Herwiha ====
* [[rêkxistî]]
* [[rêxistin]]
* [[rêxistî]]
* [[vêkxistin]]
==== Jê ====
* [[rêkxer]]
* [[rêkxerî]]
* [[rêkxistinî]]
* [[rêkxistî]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{pêk|ku|rêk|xistin}}.
==== Bi zaravayên din ====
* {{Z|ckb}}: [[rêkxiraw]], [[rêkxirawe]], [[rêxiraw]], [[rêxirawe]]
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser|organîzasyon}}
* {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|organisasie}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Organisation|f}}, {{W+|de|Partei}}
* {{Z|bg}}: {{W+|bg|организация}}
* {{Z|zh}}: {{W-|zh|團髢}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W-|da|organisation}}
* {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|organisasi}}, {{W-|id|tata susunan}}, {{W-|id|tata karya}}, {{W+|id|juntrungan}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|منظمة}}, {{W+|ar|إدارة|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|تنظيم|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|التناسق|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|التنسیق|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|التنظیم|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|النظام|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|إنظام|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W-|eo|organizo}}, {{W-|eo|organizacio}}, {{W-|eo|organizaĵo}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|نظام}}, {{W+|fa|تشکیلات}}, {{W+|fa|سازمان}}, {{W+|fa|دستگاه}}
* {{Z|fo}}: {{W-|fo|samskipan}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|järjestö}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|organisation}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|organisatie}}
* {{Z|he}}: {{W-|he|עסתערות}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|organization}}, {{W+|en|organisation}}, {{W+|en|collocation}}, {{W+|en|apparatus}}, {{W+|en|incurrence}}, {{W+|en|categorization|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|coordinating|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|marshalling|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|orchestration|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|taxis|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|trifurcation|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|trig|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|arranging|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|layout|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|orchestrating|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|NGO|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|organizzazione}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|主催}}
* {{Z|ko}}: {{W+|ko|조직}}, {{W-|ko|rêkxistin}}, {{W-|ko|rêxistin}}, {{W-|ko|organîzasyon}}, {{W-|ko|rêkxirawe}}, {{W-|ko|sazman}}, {{W-|ko|teşkîlat}}
* {{Z|gv}}: {{W-|gv|reagheydys}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|szervezés}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|organização}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W-|ro|organizaţie}}
* {{Z|ru}}: {{W+|ru|организация}}
* {{Z|sh}}:
*: Latînî: {{W-|la|organizacija}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|organización}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|organisation}}
* {{Z|tl}}: {{W+|tl|samahán}}, {{W-|tl|kapisánan}}
* {{Z|th}}: {{W-|th|การจัยการอย่างเป็นระบบ}}, {{W+|th|องค์กร}}, {{W+|th|องค์ประกอบ}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|organizasyon}}, {{W+|tr|örgüt}}, {{W+|tr|teşkilat}}, {{W+|tr|teşkilât}}, {{W+|tr|teşekkül}}
* {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|οργάνωση}}
{{werger-bin}}
{{mijar|ku|zimannasî}}
sgmo9js5gg7k3zo78g21im5w035dirw
6236122
6236121
2026-05-27T02:08:36Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Bi zaravayên din */
6236122
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{ds|rêkxistin|rêxistin}}
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{kîte|ku|rêk|xis|tin}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|rêkxistin|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[kom|Komek]] [[mirov]]an yên bo hin [[armanc]]ên [[diyar|diyarkirî]] [[xebitîn|dixebitin]].
#: {{hevmane|ku|organîzasyon|sazman|teşkîlat|kom|partî|hizb}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
# [[birêkxistin]], li ser yek hatin
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|رێكخستن}}
==== Herwiha ====
* [[rêkxistî]]
* [[rêxistin]]
* [[rêxistî]]
* [[vêkxistin]]
==== Jê ====
* [[rêkxer]]
* [[rêkxerî]]
* [[rêkxistinî]]
* [[rêkxistî]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{pêk|ku|rêk|xistin}}.
==== Bi zaravayên din ====
* {{Z|ckb}}: {{W-|ckb|rêkxiraw|sc=Latn}}, {{W-|ckb|rêkxirawe|sc=Latn}}, {{W-|ckb|rêxiraw|sc=Latn}}, {{W-|ckb|rêxirawe|sc=Latn}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser|organîzasyon}}
* {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|organisasie}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Organisation|f}}, {{W+|de|Partei}}
* {{Z|bg}}: {{W+|bg|организация}}
* {{Z|zh}}: {{W-|zh|團髢}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W-|da|organisation}}
* {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|organisasi}}, {{W-|id|tata susunan}}, {{W-|id|tata karya}}, {{W+|id|juntrungan}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|منظمة}}, {{W+|ar|إدارة|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|تنظيم|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|التناسق|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|التنسیق|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|التنظیم|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|النظام|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|إنظام|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W-|eo|organizo}}, {{W-|eo|organizacio}}, {{W-|eo|organizaĵo}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|نظام}}, {{W+|fa|تشکیلات}}, {{W+|fa|سازمان}}, {{W+|fa|دستگاه}}
* {{Z|fo}}: {{W-|fo|samskipan}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|järjestö}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|organisation}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|organisatie}}
* {{Z|he}}: {{W-|he|עסתערות}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|organization}}, {{W+|en|organisation}}, {{W+|en|collocation}}, {{W+|en|apparatus}}, {{W+|en|incurrence}}, {{W+|en|categorization|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|coordinating|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|marshalling|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|orchestration|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|taxis|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|trifurcation|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|trig|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|arranging|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|layout|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|orchestrating|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|NGO|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|organizzazione}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|主催}}
* {{Z|ko}}: {{W+|ko|조직}}, {{W-|ko|rêkxistin}}, {{W-|ko|rêxistin}}, {{W-|ko|organîzasyon}}, {{W-|ko|rêkxirawe}}, {{W-|ko|sazman}}, {{W-|ko|teşkîlat}}
* {{Z|gv}}: {{W-|gv|reagheydys}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|szervezés}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|organização}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W-|ro|organizaţie}}
* {{Z|ru}}: {{W+|ru|организация}}
* {{Z|sh}}:
*: Latînî: {{W-|la|organizacija}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|organización}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|organisation}}
* {{Z|tl}}: {{W+|tl|samahán}}, {{W-|tl|kapisánan}}
* {{Z|th}}: {{W-|th|การจัยการอย่างเป็นระบบ}}, {{W+|th|องค์กร}}, {{W+|th|องค์ประกอบ}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|organizasyon}}, {{W+|tr|örgüt}}, {{W+|tr|teşkilat}}, {{W+|tr|teşkilât}}, {{W+|tr|teşekkül}}
* {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|οργάνωση}}
{{werger-bin}}
{{mijar|ku|zimannasî}}
qn911ahspl0y2u0chcl8iaw99w8dpng
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Ghybu
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/* Navdêr */
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{{ds|rêkxistin|rêxistin}}
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{kîte|ku|rêk|xis|tin}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|rêkxistin|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[kom|Komek]] [[mirov]]an yên bo hin [[armanc]]ên [[diyar|diyarkirî]] [[xebitîn|dixebitin]].
#: {{hevmane|ku|organîzasyon|sazman|teşkîlat|kom|partî|hizb}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
# [[birêkxistin]], li ser yek hatin
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|رێكخستن}}
==== Herwiha ====
{{kol3|ku
| rêkxistî
| rêxistin
| rêxistî
| vêkxistin
}}
==== Jê ====
{{kol3|ku
| rêkxer
| rêkxerî
| rêkxistinî
| rêkxistî
}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{pêk|ku|rêk|xistin}}.
==== Bi zaravayên din ====
* {{Z|ckb}}: {{W-|ckb|rêkxiraw|sc=Latn}}, {{W-|ckb|rêkxirawe|sc=Latn}}, {{W-|ckb|rêxiraw|sc=Latn}}, {{W-|ckb|rêxirawe|sc=Latn}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser|organîzasyon}}
* {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|organisasie}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Organisation|f}}, {{W+|de|Partei}}
* {{Z|bg}}: {{W+|bg|организация}}
* {{Z|zh}}: {{W-|zh|團髢}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W-|da|organisation}}
* {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|organisasi}}, {{W-|id|tata susunan}}, {{W-|id|tata karya}}, {{W+|id|juntrungan}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|منظمة}}, {{W+|ar|إدارة|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|تنظيم|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|التناسق|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|التنسیق|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|التنظیم|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|النظام|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|إنظام|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W-|eo|organizo}}, {{W-|eo|organizacio}}, {{W-|eo|organizaĵo}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|نظام}}, {{W+|fa|تشکیلات}}, {{W+|fa|سازمان}}, {{W+|fa|دستگاه}}
* {{Z|fo}}: {{W-|fo|samskipan}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|järjestö}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|organisation}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|organisatie}}
* {{Z|he}}: {{W-|he|עסתערות}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|organization}}, {{W+|en|organisation}}, {{W+|en|collocation}}, {{W+|en|apparatus}}, {{W+|en|incurrence}}, {{W+|en|categorization|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|coordinating|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|marshalling|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|orchestration|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|taxis|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|trifurcation|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|trig|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|arranging|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|layout|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|orchestrating|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|NGO|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|organizzazione}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|主催}}
* {{Z|ko}}: {{W+|ko|조직}}, {{W-|ko|rêkxistin}}, {{W-|ko|rêxistin}}, {{W-|ko|organîzasyon}}, {{W-|ko|rêkxirawe}}, {{W-|ko|sazman}}, {{W-|ko|teşkîlat}}
* {{Z|gv}}: {{W-|gv|reagheydys}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|szervezés}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|organização}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W-|ro|organizaţie}}
* {{Z|ru}}: {{W+|ru|организация}}
* {{Z|sh}}:
*: Latînî: {{W-|la|organizacija}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|organización}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|organisation}}
* {{Z|tl}}: {{W+|tl|samahán}}, {{W-|tl|kapisánan}}
* {{Z|th}}: {{W-|th|การจัยการอย่างเป็นระบบ}}, {{W+|th|องค์กร}}, {{W+|th|องค์ประกอบ}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|organizasyon}}, {{W+|tr|örgüt}}, {{W+|tr|teşkilat}}, {{W+|tr|teşkilât}}, {{W+|tr|teşekkül}}
* {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|οργάνωση}}
{{werger-bin}}
{{mijar|ku|zimannasî}}
od7hhpdi0hvbnplyey6lgrtt3jhs8hn
6236139
6236136
2026-05-27T03:06:47Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Bi zaravayên din */
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{{ds|rêkxistin|rêxistin}}
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{kîte|ku|rêk|xis|tin}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|rêkxistin|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[kom|Komek]] [[mirov]]an yên bo hin [[armanc]]ên [[diyar|diyarkirî]] [[xebitîn|dixebitin]].
#: {{hevmane|ku|organîzasyon|sazman|teşkîlat|kom|partî|hizb}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
# [[birêkxistin]], li ser yek hatin
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|رێكخستن}}
==== Herwiha ====
{{kol3|ku
| rêkxistî
| rêxistin
| rêxistî
| vêkxistin
}}
==== Jê ====
{{kol3|ku
| rêkxer
| rêkxerî
| rêkxistinî
| rêkxistî
}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{pêk|ku|rêk|xistin}}.
==== Bi zaravayên din ====
* {{Z|ckb}}: {{W-|ckb|ڕێکخراو}}, {{W-|ckb|rêxiraw|sc=Latn}}, {{W-|ckb|rêxirawe|sc=Latn}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser|organîzasyon}}
* {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|organisasie}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Organisation|f}}, {{W+|de|Partei}}
* {{Z|bg}}: {{W+|bg|организация}}
* {{Z|zh}}: {{W-|zh|團髢}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W-|da|organisation}}
* {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|organisasi}}, {{W-|id|tata susunan}}, {{W-|id|tata karya}}, {{W+|id|juntrungan}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|منظمة}}, {{W+|ar|إدارة|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|تنظيم|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|التناسق|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|التنسیق|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|التنظیم|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|النظام|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|إنظام|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W-|eo|organizo}}, {{W-|eo|organizacio}}, {{W-|eo|organizaĵo}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|نظام}}, {{W+|fa|تشکیلات}}, {{W+|fa|سازمان}}, {{W+|fa|دستگاه}}
* {{Z|fo}}: {{W-|fo|samskipan}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|järjestö}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|organisation}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|organisatie}}
* {{Z|he}}: {{W-|he|עסתערות}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|organization}}, {{W+|en|organisation}}, {{W+|en|collocation}}, {{W+|en|apparatus}}, {{W+|en|incurrence}}, {{W+|en|categorization|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|coordinating|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|marshalling|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|orchestration|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|taxis|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|trifurcation|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|trig|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|arranging|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|layout|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|orchestrating|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|NGO|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|organizzazione}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|主催}}
* {{Z|ko}}: {{W+|ko|조직}}, {{W-|ko|rêkxistin}}, {{W-|ko|rêxistin}}, {{W-|ko|organîzasyon}}, {{W-|ko|rêkxirawe}}, {{W-|ko|sazman}}, {{W-|ko|teşkîlat}}
* {{Z|gv}}: {{W-|gv|reagheydys}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|szervezés}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|organização}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W-|ro|organizaţie}}
* {{Z|ru}}: {{W+|ru|организация}}
* {{Z|sh}}:
*: Latînî: {{W-|la|organizacija}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|organización}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|organisation}}
* {{Z|tl}}: {{W+|tl|samahán}}, {{W-|tl|kapisánan}}
* {{Z|th}}: {{W-|th|การจัยการอย่างเป็นระบบ}}, {{W+|th|องค์กร}}, {{W+|th|องค์ประกอบ}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|organizasyon}}, {{W+|tr|örgüt}}, {{W+|tr|teşkilat}}, {{W+|tr|teşkilât}}, {{W+|tr|teşekkül}}
* {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|οργάνωση}}
{{werger-bin}}
{{mijar|ku|zimannasî}}
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organîzasyon
0
21713
6236126
6131663
2026-05-27T02:15:58Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Navdêr */
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== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|organîzasyon|mê|}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[kom|Komek]] mirovan yên ku li gor [[rêzname]]yek [[nivîskî]] bo [[armanc]]ekê [[xebitîn|dixebitin]].
#: {{hevmane|ku|rêkxistin|rêxistin|rêkxirawe|sazman|teşkîlat|komele}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
# [[organîze|organîze]]kirin, [[birêkxistin]]
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Jê ====
* [[organîzasyonî]]
==== Têkildar ====
* [[organîzator]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji fransî an {{ji|en|ku|organisation}}.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser|rêkxistin}}
* {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|organisasie}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Organisation|f}}, {{W+|de|Zusammenstellung|f}}
* {{Z|bg}}: {{W+|bg|организация}}
* {{Z|zh}}: {{W-|zh|團髢}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W-|da|organisation}}
* {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|organisasi}}, {{W-|id|tata susunan}}, {{W-|id|tata karya}}, {{W+|id|juntrungan}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|منظمة}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W-|eo|organizo}}, {{W-|eo|organizacio}}, {{W-|eo|organizaĵo}}
* {{Z|fa}}: [[تشکیلات]] (teşkîlat), [[سازمان]] (sazman)
* {{Z|fo}}: {{W-|fo|samskipan}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|järjestö}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|organisation}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|organisatie}}
* {{Z|he}}: {{W-|he|עסתערות}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|organization}}, {{W+|en|organisation}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|organizzazione}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|主催}}
* {{Z|ko}}: {{W+|ko|조직}}, {{W-|ko|rêkxistin}}, {{W-|ko|rêxistin}}, {{W-|ko|organîzasyon}}, {{W-|ko|rêkxirawe}}, {{W-|ko|sazman}}, {{W-|ko|teşkîlat}}
* {{Z|gv}}: {{W-|gv|reagheydys}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|szervezés}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|organização}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W-|ro|organizaţie}}
* {{Z|ru}}: {{W+|ru|организация}}
* {{Z|sh}}:
*: Latînî: {{W-|la|organizacija}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|organización}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|organisation}}
* {{Z|tl}}: {{W+|tl|samahán}}, {{W-|tl|kapisánan}}
* {{Z|th}}: {{W-|th|การจัยการอย่างเป็นระบบ}}, {{W+|th|องค์กร}}, {{W+|th|องค์ประกอบ}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|organizasyon}}, {{W+|tr|örgüt}}, {{W+|tr|teşkilat}}
* {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|οργάνωση}}
{{werger-bin}}
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rêxistin
0
21714
6236123
5886887
2026-05-27T02:10:30Z
Ghybu
1393
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text/x-wiki
{{ds|rêkxistin|rêxistin}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{guherto|ku|rêkxistin}}
3yqp9suneyqcdc9dvm4h5owyw6vroko
6236124
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2026-05-27T02:10:50Z
Ghybu
1393
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{{ds|rêkxistin|rêxistin}}
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{guherto|ku|rêkxistin}}
6pu35hbm3t00v3jj7c6u20h98m5jkz3
rêkxiraw
0
21718
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2026-05-27T03:08:32Z
Ghybu
1393
/* {{ziman|ckb}} */
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== {{ziman|ckb}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ckb|sc=Latn}}
# {{ckb-Arab|ڕێکخراو}}
==== Herwiha ====
* {{hw|ckb|rêxiraw|sc=Latn}}
* {{hw|ckb|rêxirawe|sc=Latn}}
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sazman
0
21721
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6068118
2026-05-27T02:05:24Z
Ghybu
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/* Navdêr */
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== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{IPA|ku|/sɑːzˈmɑːn/}}
* {{kîte|ku|saz|man}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|sazman|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[kom|Komek]] mirovan yên ku li gor [[rêzname]]yek [[nivîskî]] bo [[armanc]]ekê [[xebitîn|dixebitin]].
#: {{hevmane|ku|rêkxistin|rêxistin|rêkxirawe|organîzasyon|teşkîlat|komele}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
# {{kontrol|rêz=erê|[[yekîtî]], [[civat]], [[sosyete]], [[cemiyet]], [[kom]], [[dezgeh]], [[partî]], [[hizb]]}}
==== Herwiha ====
* [[saziman]]
* [[sazuman]]
* [[sazûman]]
==== Jê ====
{{stûn|h=2|
* [[sazmanî]]
* [[sazmankar]]
* [[sazmankarî]]
* [[sazmanvan]]
* [[sazmanvanî]]
}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{paş|ku|saz|-man}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|organisasie}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Organisation|f}}, {{W+|de|Anstalt|f}}, {{W+|de|Aufstellung|f}}, {{W+|de|Institution|f}}, {{W+|de|Stiftung|f}}, {{W+|de|Vereinigung|f}}, {{W+|de|Dezernat|m|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|Etablissement|m|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|bg}}: {{W+|bg|организация}}
* {{Z|zh}}: {{W-|zh|團髢}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W-|da|organisation}}
* {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|organisasi}}, {{W-|id|tata susunan}}, {{W-|id|tata karya}}, {{W+|id|juntrungan}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|منظمة}}, {{W+|ar|مؤسسة}}, {{W+|ar|أساس}}, {{W-|ar|تنظيم}}, {{W-|ar|حزب}}, {{W-|ar|رابطة}}, {{W-|ar|هيئة}},
{{W+|ar|جمعية}}, {{W-|ar|تشكيل}}, {{W-|ar|ترتيب}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W-|eo|organizo}}, {{W-|eo|organizacio}}, {{W-|eo|organizaĵo}}
* {{Z|fa}}: [[تشکیلات]] (teşkîlat), [[سازمان]] (sazman), {{W+|fa|سامان}}, {{W+|fa|ساختمان}}, {{W+|fa|سازمان}}, {{W+|fa|موسسه}}, {{W+|fa|دستگاه}}, {{W+|fa|ساز|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fo}}: {{W-|fo|samskipan}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|järjestö}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|organisation}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|organisatie}}
* {{Z|he}}: {{W-|he|עסתערות}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|organization}}, {{W+|en|organisation}}, {{W+|en|disposal}}, {{W+|en|establishment}}, {{W+|en|foundation}}, {{W+|en|institution}}, {{W+|en|regulation}}, {{W+|en|scheme}}, {{W+|en|association}}, {{W+|en|plant}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|organizzazione}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|主催}}
* {{Z|ko}}: {{W+|ko|조직}}
* {{Z|gv}}: {{W-|gv|reagheydys}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|szervezés}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|organização}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W-|ro|organizaţie}}
* {{Z|ru}}: {{W+|ru|организация}}
* {{Z|sh}}:
*: Latînî: {{W-|la|organizacija}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|organización}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|organisation}}
* {{Z|tl}}: {{W+|tl|samahán}}, {{W-|tl|kapisánan}}
* {{Z|th}}: {{W-|th|การจัยการอย่างเป็นระบบ}}, {{W+|th|องค์กร}}, {{W+|th|องค์ประกอบ}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|organizasyon}}, {{W+|tr|örgüt}}, {{W+|tr|teşkilat}}, {{W+|tr|kurum}}, {{W+|tr|nizam}}, {{W+|tr|rabıta}}, {{W+|tr|rejim}}, {{W+|tr|sistem}}, {{W+|tr|tertibat}}, {{W+|tr|tertip}}, {{W+|tr|düzen}}
* {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|οργάνωση}}
{{werger-bin}}
spqep20fptdvv3myp4lvg9n1i7l8py7
6236125
6236120
2026-05-27T02:11:57Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Navdêr */
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== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{IPA|ku|/sɑːzˈmɑːn/}}
* {{kîte|ku|saz|man}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|sazman|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[kom|Komek]] mirovan yên ku li gor [[rêzname]]yek [[nivîskî]] bo [[armanc]]ekê [[xebitîn|dixebitin]].
#: {{hevmane|ku|rêkxistin|rêxistin|organîzasyon|teşkîlat|komele}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
# {{kontrol|rêz=erê|[[yekîtî]], [[civat]], [[sosyete]], [[cemiyet]], [[kom]], [[dezgeh]], [[partî]], [[hizb]]}}
==== Herwiha ====
* [[saziman]]
* [[sazuman]]
* [[sazûman]]
==== Jê ====
{{stûn|h=2|
* [[sazmanî]]
* [[sazmankar]]
* [[sazmankarî]]
* [[sazmanvan]]
* [[sazmanvanî]]
}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{paş|ku|saz|-man}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|organisasie}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Organisation|f}}, {{W+|de|Anstalt|f}}, {{W+|de|Aufstellung|f}}, {{W+|de|Institution|f}}, {{W+|de|Stiftung|f}}, {{W+|de|Vereinigung|f}}, {{W+|de|Dezernat|m|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|Etablissement|m|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|bg}}: {{W+|bg|организация}}
* {{Z|zh}}: {{W-|zh|團髢}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W-|da|organisation}}
* {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|organisasi}}, {{W-|id|tata susunan}}, {{W-|id|tata karya}}, {{W+|id|juntrungan}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|منظمة}}, {{W+|ar|مؤسسة}}, {{W+|ar|أساس}}, {{W-|ar|تنظيم}}, {{W-|ar|حزب}}, {{W-|ar|رابطة}}, {{W-|ar|هيئة}},
{{W+|ar|جمعية}}, {{W-|ar|تشكيل}}, {{W-|ar|ترتيب}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W-|eo|organizo}}, {{W-|eo|organizacio}}, {{W-|eo|organizaĵo}}
* {{Z|fa}}: [[تشکیلات]] (teşkîlat), [[سازمان]] (sazman), {{W+|fa|سامان}}, {{W+|fa|ساختمان}}, {{W+|fa|سازمان}}, {{W+|fa|موسسه}}, {{W+|fa|دستگاه}}, {{W+|fa|ساز|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fo}}: {{W-|fo|samskipan}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|järjestö}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|organisation}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|organisatie}}
* {{Z|he}}: {{W-|he|עסתערות}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|organization}}, {{W+|en|organisation}}, {{W+|en|disposal}}, {{W+|en|establishment}}, {{W+|en|foundation}}, {{W+|en|institution}}, {{W+|en|regulation}}, {{W+|en|scheme}}, {{W+|en|association}}, {{W+|en|plant}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|organizzazione}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|主催}}
* {{Z|ko}}: {{W+|ko|조직}}
* {{Z|gv}}: {{W-|gv|reagheydys}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|szervezés}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|organização}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W-|ro|organizaţie}}
* {{Z|ru}}: {{W+|ru|организация}}
* {{Z|sh}}:
*: Latînî: {{W-|la|organizacija}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|organización}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|organisation}}
* {{Z|tl}}: {{W+|tl|samahán}}, {{W-|tl|kapisánan}}
* {{Z|th}}: {{W-|th|การจัยการอย่างเป็นระบบ}}, {{W+|th|องค์กร}}, {{W+|th|องค์ประกอบ}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|organizasyon}}, {{W+|tr|örgüt}}, {{W+|tr|teşkilat}}, {{W+|tr|kurum}}, {{W+|tr|nizam}}, {{W+|tr|rabıta}}, {{W+|tr|rejim}}, {{W+|tr|sistem}}, {{W+|tr|tertibat}}, {{W+|tr|tertip}}, {{W+|tr|düzen}}
* {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|οργάνωση}}
{{werger-bin}}
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saziman
0
21722
6236119
5684929
2026-05-27T02:02:03Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Navdêr */
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== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{guharto|ku|sazman}}
ofphbp205vz2n9dfjpjv2ui6f6eo5ja
pembe
0
24909
6236113
6235147
2026-05-27T01:42:10Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Rengdêr */
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== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Rengdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-rd|pembe}}
[[Wêne:20140515Rosa rubiginosa4.jpg|thumb|Kulîlkeke '''pembe''' ya şîlanê.]]
{{rengdêr|ku}}
# {{f|ku|reng}} [[reng|Reng]]ê [[sor]]î [[vebûyî]].
#: Pembe: {{reng|#FF7FCF}}{{reng|#FD3F92}}{{reng|#C4698F}}
#: {{hevmane|ku|kinûşk|helesor|şîrik|pîvazî|kinûşk|sîfik|sûf}}
#* {{jêder|ku|jêgirtin=Xanima ku li alê rastê ê bernamekar rûniştibû lingê xwe yê rastê avêtibû ser lingê çepê, pêlavek qahveyî û poztûj li lingê wê û qazaxekî rengesor û '''pembe''' ku gazî hevdu dikirin li xwe kiribû. Berçavkên çargoşe û modern li ber çavên wê bûn. Bixwebibawer û piştrast bi giranî rûniştîbû. Xanima ku li himber bernamekar rûniştibû, te digo qey porê wê ji qîrê derxistine û di peyda jî di rûnê zeytê da gerandine, weha reş û dibiriqî. Lê ew bi xwe hinek şermok bû û bi çavên [[huznî]] li dora xwe mêze dikir.|Kadîm Kan: ''Bernameyek muhtemel'', Peyama Kurd, hj. 78, 3/2006}}
==== Herwiha ====
* {{g|ku|penbe}}
==== Jê ====
{{kol3|ku|cure=Jê
| pembe bûn<pos:lêker>
| pembe kirin<pos:lêker>
| pembebûn<pos:navdêr>
| pembekirin<pos:navdêr>
| pembebûyî<pos:rengdêr>
| pembekirî<pos:rengdêr>
| pembeyî
| pembeyîtî
}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{ji|ira}}, [[hevreh]]a kurmancî {{q|ku|pembû}}, {{hv|fa|پنبه|tr=penbe|w=[[pembû]]}}. Maneya eslî "pembû" ye lê paşî maneya rengekî girtiye.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|rosa}}
* {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|merah jambu}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|vaaleanpunainen}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|rose}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|roze}}
* {{Z|he}}: {{W+|he|ורוד}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|pink}}
* {{Z|ga}}: {{W+|ga|bándearg}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|rosa|m}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|rózsaszín}}
* {{Z|no}}: {{W+|no|rosa}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W+|ro|roz}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|rosa}}, {{W+|es|rosado}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|pembe}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|pembe|nêr}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=n}}
# [[reng|Rengê]] pembe.
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
# [[pembû]]
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser|reng}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Rosa|nt}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|rose|n}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|pink}}
* {{Z|pl}}: {{W+|pl|róż|n}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|fr|pembe}}
{{werger-bin}}
== {{ziman|sw}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|sw}}
# {{mijar|sw|anatomî}} {{g|ku|şax}}, {{g|ku|strû}}, {{g|ku|qiloç}}, {{g|ku|qoç}} (hestiyê bi serê hin heywanan ve)
#* {{bêmînak|sw}}
=== Çavkanî ===
{{rûpela wergerê|sw|şax}}
== {{ziman|tr}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|tr}}
# {{g|ku|pembe}}, [[kinûşk]], [[helesor]], [[şîrik]]
#* {{bêmînak|tr}}
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xeyat
0
26006
6236097
6132450
2026-05-26T22:38:19Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Navdêr */
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== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|xeyat|mê û nêr}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=mn}}
# Kesa/ê ku karê wê / wî [[dirûn]] û çêkirina [[cil]]an e.
#: {{hevmane|ku|terzî|cildirû|dirûvan|dirwar|dirûnkar}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Jê ====
* [[xeyatî]]
==== Bide ber ====
* [[xeyam]]
* [[xeyal]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{ji|ar|ku|خياط|tr=xeyyaṭ|w=[[derzî]], [[cildirû]]}} ji rehê {{g|ar|خ ي ط|tr=x-y-ṭ-|w=[[cil]] [[dirûn]] / [[dirûtin]]}}, [[hevreh]]a aramî [[ܚܝܛܐ]] (xeyyaṭa) ji [[lêker]]a [[ܚܘܛ]] (x-w-ṭ-: [[[cil]] [[dirûn]] / [[dirûtin]]).
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Schneider|m}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|skrædder}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|tajloro}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|نجار}}
* {{Z|fo}}: {{W-|fo|skraddari}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|räätäli}}, {{W+|fi|ompelija}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|tailleur}}
* {{Z|fy}}: {{W-|fy|skroar}}
* {{Z|gd}}: {{W-|gd|tàillear}}
* [[gandayî]]: [[omutunzi]]
* [[gaskonî]]: [[talhur]]
* {{Z|ht}}: {{W-|ht|tayè}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|kleermaker}}, {{W+|nl|snijder}}, {{W+|nl|tailleur}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|tailor}}, {{W+|en|joiner}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|sarto}}
* {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|sastre}}
* {{Z|ms}}: {{W-|ms|penjahit}}
* [[moreyî]]: [[fushẽda]]
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|szabó}}
* {{Z|no}}: {{W-|no|skredder}}
* {{Z|pap}}: {{W-|pap|sastre}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|alfaiate}}, {{W+|pt|costureira}}
* {{Z|scn}}: {{W+|scn|sartu}}
* {{Z|nso}}: {{W-|nso|moroko}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|sastre}}
* {{Z|sw}}: {{W-|sw|mshonaji}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|skräddare}}
* {{Z|sn}}: {{W-|sn|musoni}}
* {{Z|tl}}: {{W-|tl|mananáhì}}, {{W-|tl|sástre}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|terzi}}, {{W+|tr|dülger}}, {{W+|tr|doğramacı}}, {{W+|tr|marangoz}}, {{W+|tr|tüketim|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|wo}}: {{W-|wo|nawkat}}
{{werger-bin}}
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cildirû
0
26007
6236098
6132451
2026-05-26T22:40:26Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Navdêr */
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== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|cildirû|mê û nêr}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=mn}}
# Kesa/ê ku karê wê / wî [[dirûn]] û çêkirina [[cil]]an e.
#: {{hevmane|ku|xeyat|terzî|dirûvan|dirwar|dirûnkar}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Bide ber ====
* [[cildrû]]
* [[cildir]]
==== Jê ====
* [[cildirûtî]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji ''[[cil]]'' + ''[[dirûn]]'' - ''[[-n]]''.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Schneider|m}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|skrædder}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|tajloro}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W-|fa|چرخ خیاطی}}
* {{Z|fo}}: {{W-|fo|skraddari}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|räätäli}}, {{W+|fi|ompelija}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|tailleur}}
* {{Z|fy}}: {{W-|fy|skroar}}
* {{Z|gd}}: {{W-|gd|tàillear}}
* [[gandayî]]: [[omutunzi]]
* [[gaskonî]]: [[talhur]]
* {{Z|ht}}: {{W-|ht|tayè}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|kleermaker}}, {{W+|nl|snijder}}, {{W+|nl|tailleur}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|tailor}}, {{W+|en|saddler}}, {{W+|en|seamster|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|sarto}}
* {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|sastre}}
* {{Z|ms}}: {{W-|ms|penjahit}}
* [[moreyî]]: [[fushẽda]]
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|szabó}}
* {{Z|no}}: {{W-|no|skredder}}
* {{Z|pap}}: {{W-|pap|sastre}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|alfaiate}}, {{W+|pt|costureira}}
* {{Z|scn}}: {{W+|scn|sartu}}
* {{Z|nso}}: {{W-|nso|moroko}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|sastre}}
* {{Z|sw}}: {{W-|sw|mshonaji}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|skräddare}}
* {{Z|sn}}: {{W-|sn|musoni}}
* {{Z|tl}}: {{W-|tl|mananáhì}}, {{W-|tl|sástre}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|terzi}}
* {{Z|wo}}: {{W-|wo|nawkat}}
{{werger-bin}}
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teşkîlat
0
32300
6236127
6232918
2026-05-27T02:34:29Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Navdêr */
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== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|teşkîlat|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[rêkxistin]], [[organîzasyon]], [[dezgeh]], [[komele]]
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
# {{kontrol|rêz=erê|[[sazman]], [[yekîtî]], [[civat]], [[sosyete]], [[sazî]], [[mezrek]], [[mezringeh]], [[damezrek]], [[cemiyet]], [[kom]], [[partî]], [[hizb]]}}
==== Herwiha ====
* [[teşkilat]]
==== Jê ====
* [[teşkîlatî]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{ji|ar|ku|تَشْكِيلَات}}, pirjimara {{q|ar|تَشْكِيل}}.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Organisation}} {{m}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|منظمة|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|تشکیلات}}, {{W+|fa|تشکیلات}}, {{W+|fa|سازمان}}, {{W+|fa|تشکیلات}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|organisation}}, {{W+|en|organization}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|organisation}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|cemiyet}}, {{W+|tr|organizasyon}}, {{W+|tr|örgüt}}, {{W+|tr|teşkilat}}
{{werger-bin}}
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6236129
6236127
2026-05-27T02:36:57Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Werger */
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== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|teşkîlat|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[rêkxistin]], [[organîzasyon]], [[dezgeh]], [[komele]]
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
# {{kontrol|rêz=erê|[[sazman]], [[yekîtî]], [[civat]], [[sosyete]], [[sazî]], [[mezrek]], [[mezringeh]], [[damezrek]], [[cemiyet]], [[kom]], [[partî]], [[hizb]]}}
==== Herwiha ====
* [[teşkilat]]
==== Jê ====
* [[teşkîlatî]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{ji|ar|ku|تَشْكِيلَات}}, pirjimara {{q|ar|تَشْكِيل}}.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Organisation}} {{m}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|مُنَظَّمَة}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|تشکیلات}}, {{W+|fa|تشکیلات}}, {{W+|fa|سازمان}}, {{W+|fa|تشکیلات}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|organisation}}, {{W+|en|organization}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|organisation}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|cemiyet}}, {{W+|tr|organizasyon}}, {{W+|tr|örgüt}}, {{W+|tr|teşkilat}}
{{werger-bin}}
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komele
0
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6236130
6113277
2026-05-27T02:40:22Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Navdêr */
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{{bnr-h|Komele}}
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163 (kmr)-Ebulfîda-komele.wav|Deng|Bidlîs}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|komele|mê|guherto=hemû}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[kom|Koma]] mirovan ya ku [[bi hev re]] bo hin [[armanc]]an [[xebitîn|dixebite]].
#: {{hevmane|ku|rêkxistin|organîzasyon|sazman|teşkîlat|yekîtî|civat|cemiyet|cemaet|sosyete}}
#: {{mk|ku|'''Komeleya''' nivîskaran.}}
#: {{mk|ku|'''Komeleyek''' kultûrî.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Partî û '''komeleyên''' kurdan îro [[xwepêşandan]]ekê saz dikin.}}
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|کۆمەلە}}
==== Herwiha ====
* {{g|ku|komala}}
* {{g|ku|komale}}
* {{g|ku|komel}}
* {{g|ku|komela}}
==== Jê ====
* {{g|ku|komeleyî}}
* {{mj|lêker}} {{g|ku|komele danîn}}
* {{mj|navdêr}} {{g|ku|komeledanîn}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{deyn|ckb|ku|کۆمەڵە}}.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W|de|Assoziation|f}}, {{W|de|Verbindung|f}}, {{W|de|Vereinigung|f}}, {{W|de|Verband|m}}, {{W|de|Bund|n}}, {{W|de|Organisation|f}}, {{W|de|Partie|f}}, {{W|de|Gemeinde|f}}, {{W|de|Fraktion|f|guman=erê}}, {{W|de|Zunft|f|guman=erê}}, {{W|de|Verein|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|cs}}: {{W+|cs|asociace}}
* {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|asosiasi}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W|ar|اتحاد}}, {{W|ar|جمعية}}, {{W|ar|جماعة}}, {{W|ar|رابطة}}, {{W|ar|مجتمع}}, {{W|ar|منظمة}}, {{W|ar|الجمعیة}}, {{W|ar|تشكيل}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|asocio}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|انجمن}}, {{W+|fa|تشکیلات}}, {{W+|fa|جامعه}}, {{W+|fa|سازمان}}, {{W+|fa|جماعت}}, {{W+|fa|جمعیت|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fo}}: {{W+|fo|samskipan}}, {{W+|fo|felag}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|associatie}}, {{W+|nl|genootschap}}, {{W+|nl|vereniging}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|association}}, {{W+|en|club}}, {{W+|en|society}}, {{W+|en|union}}, {{W+|en|corporation}}, {{W+|en|institution}}, {{W+|en|league}}, {{W+|en|fellowship}}, {{W+|en|fraternity}}, {{W+|en|gild}}, {{W+|en|guild}}, {{W|en|coterie|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|faction|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|league of nations|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|associació}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|szövetség}}
* {{Z|no}}: {{W+|no|forening}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|associação}}, {{W+|pt|companhia}}, {{W+|pt|grêmio}}, {{W+|pt|parceria}}, {{W+|pt|sociedade}}
* {{Z|ru}}: {{W+|ru|ассоциация}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|asociación}}, {{W+|es|liga}}, {{W+|es|unión}}, {{W+|es|sindicato}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|dernek}}, {{W+|tr|cemiyet}}, {{W+|tr|sosyete}}, {{W+|tr|organizasyon}}, {{W+|tr|toplum}}, {{W+|tr|içtima}}, {{W+|tr|örgüt}}, {{W+|tr|teşkilat}}, {{W+|tr|lokal}}
{{werger-bin}}
gxh7xox20w2aby50295mc3d98ed8squ
Organisation
0
37980
6236128
6104499
2026-05-27T02:36:41Z
Ghybu
1393
/* {{ziman|de}} */
6236128
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{bnr-h|organisation}}
== {{ziman|de}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{IPA|de|[ɔʁɡanizaˈt͡si̯oːn]}}
* {{deng|de|De-Organisation.ogg|Deng|dever=Berlîn, Almanya}}
* {{deng|de|LL-Q188 (deu)-Sebastian Wallroth-Organisation.wav|Deng|dever=Berlîn, Almanya}}
* {{kîte|de|Or|ga|ni|sa|ti|on}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|de|z=m}}
# [[rêkxistin]], [[sazî]], [[organîzasyon]], [[sazman]], [[teşkîlat]], [[komele]]
==== Bide ber ====
* {{g|de|organisation}}
ohc037q5bzeamceoo0xarqx2ci4teni
dirûvan
0
38849
6236100
6067599
2026-05-26T22:42:46Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Navdêr 1 */
6236100
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{IPA|ku|/dɪɾuːˈvɑːn/}}
* {{kîte|ku|di|rû|van}}
=== Navdêr 1 ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|dirûvan|mê û nêr}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=mn}}
# Kesa/ê ku karê wê / wî [[dirûn]] û çêkirina [[cil]]an e.
#: {{hevmane|ku|xeyat|terzî|cildirû|dirwar|dirûnkar}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Herwiha ====
* [[dirûnker]]
* [[dirûnvan]]
==== Bide ber ====
* [[derzî]]
==== Jê ====
* [[dirûnvanî]]
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W|de|Schneider|m}}, {{W|de|Näherin|f}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|skrædder}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W|ar|خياط|guman=erê}}, {{W|ar|النصاح|guman=erê}}, {{W|ar|خیاط|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|tajloro}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|خیاط}}, {{W|fa|بخیه|guman=erê}}, {{W|fa|دوخت|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fo}}: {{W+|fo|skraddari}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|räätäli}}, {{W+|fi|ompelija}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|tailleur}}
* {{Z|fy}}: {{W+|fy|skroar}}
* {{Z|gd}}: {{W+|gd|tàillear}}
* [[gandayî]]: [[omutunzi]]
* [[gaskonî]]: [[talhur]]
* {{Z|ht}}: {{W+|ht|tayè}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|kleermaker}}, {{W+|nl|snijder}}, {{W+|nl|tailleur}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|tailor}}, {{W+|en|snip|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|costumer|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|reaper|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|tailoress|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|former}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|sarto}}
* {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|sastre}}
* {{Z|ms}}: {{W+|ms|penjahit}}
* [[moreyî]]: [[fushẽda]]
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|szabó}}
* {{Z|no}}: {{W+|no|skredder}}
* {{Z|pap}}: {{W+|pap|sastre}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|alfaiate}}, {{W+|pt|costureira}}
* {{Z|scn}}: {{W+|scn|sartu}}
* {{Z|nso}}: {{W+|nso|moroko}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|sastre}}
* {{Z|sw}}: {{W+|sw|mshonaji}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|skräddare}}
* {{Z|sn}}: {{W+|sn|musoni}}
* {{Z|tl}}: {{W+|tl|mananáhì}}, {{W+|tl|sástre}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|terzi}}, {{W+|tr|dikici}}, {{W+|tr|dikişçi}}, {{W+|tr|ırgat}}, {{W+|tr|asimilasyon|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|benzeme|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|dönüşme|guman=erê}}, {{W-|tr|biçimlendirici}}
* {{Z|wo}}: {{W+|wo|nawkat}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Navdêr 2 ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=}}
# [[dirûkar]], kesa/ê ku [[giya]]yî [[dirûn|didirû]] anku bi [[şalok]]ê yan [[derase|deraseyê]] [[birîn|dibire]]
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Herwiha ====
* [[dirûvan]]
* [[drûkar]]
* [[drûvan]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{qertaf|ku|dirûn|-van}}.
==== Jê ====
* [[dirûvanî]]
* [[dirûvanîtî]]
* [[dirûvantî]]
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
{{werger-bin}}
3hrcd1hxotx0jfoj6a17pbsj9pc7gs4
6236107
6236100
2026-05-26T22:55:01Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Navdêr 2 */
6236107
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{IPA|ku|/dɪɾuːˈvɑːn/}}
* {{kîte|ku|di|rû|van}}
=== Navdêr 1 ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|dirûvan|mê û nêr}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=mn}}
# Kesa/ê ku karê wê / wî [[dirûn]] û çêkirina [[cil]]an e.
#: {{hevmane|ku|xeyat|terzî|cildirû|dirwar|dirûnkar}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Herwiha ====
* [[dirûnker]]
* [[dirûnvan]]
==== Bide ber ====
* [[derzî]]
==== Jê ====
* [[dirûnvanî]]
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W|de|Schneider|m}}, {{W|de|Näherin|f}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|skrædder}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W|ar|خياط|guman=erê}}, {{W|ar|النصاح|guman=erê}}, {{W|ar|خیاط|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|tajloro}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|خیاط}}, {{W|fa|بخیه|guman=erê}}, {{W|fa|دوخت|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fo}}: {{W+|fo|skraddari}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|räätäli}}, {{W+|fi|ompelija}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|tailleur}}
* {{Z|fy}}: {{W+|fy|skroar}}
* {{Z|gd}}: {{W+|gd|tàillear}}
* [[gandayî]]: [[omutunzi]]
* [[gaskonî]]: [[talhur]]
* {{Z|ht}}: {{W+|ht|tayè}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|kleermaker}}, {{W+|nl|snijder}}, {{W+|nl|tailleur}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|tailor}}, {{W+|en|snip|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|costumer|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|reaper|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|tailoress|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|former}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|sarto}}
* {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|sastre}}
* {{Z|ms}}: {{W+|ms|penjahit}}
* [[moreyî]]: [[fushẽda]]
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|szabó}}
* {{Z|no}}: {{W+|no|skredder}}
* {{Z|pap}}: {{W+|pap|sastre}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|alfaiate}}, {{W+|pt|costureira}}
* {{Z|scn}}: {{W+|scn|sartu}}
* {{Z|nso}}: {{W+|nso|moroko}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|sastre}}
* {{Z|sw}}: {{W+|sw|mshonaji}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|skräddare}}
* {{Z|sn}}: {{W+|sn|musoni}}
* {{Z|tl}}: {{W+|tl|mananáhì}}, {{W+|tl|sástre}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|terzi}}, {{W+|tr|dikici}}, {{W+|tr|dikişçi}}, {{W+|tr|ırgat}}, {{W+|tr|asimilasyon|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|benzeme|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|dönüşme|guman=erê}}, {{W-|tr|biçimlendirici}}
* {{Z|wo}}: {{W+|wo|nawkat}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Navdêr 2 ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=mn}}
# Kesa/ê ku [[giya]]yî [[dirûn|didirû]] anku bi [[şalok]]ê yan [[derase|deraseyê]] [[birîn|dibire]].
#* {{hevmane|ku|dirûkar}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Herwiha ====
* [[drûkar]]
* [[drûvan]]
==== Jê ====
* [[dirûvanî]]
* [[dirûvanîtî]]
* [[dirûvantî]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{qertaf|ku|dirûn|-van}}.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|moissonneur|n}}, {{W+|fr|moissonneuse|m}}, {{W+|fr|métiveur|n}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|fr|reaper}}, {{W+|fr|harvester}}
{{werger-bin}}
7kp4ay3vcmn0h3344i9e8s1mi0w7j3q
6236108
6236107
2026-05-26T22:58:36Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Werger */
6236108
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{IPA|ku|/dɪɾuːˈvɑːn/}}
* {{kîte|ku|di|rû|van}}
=== Navdêr 1 ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|dirûvan|mê û nêr}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=mn}}
# Kesa/ê ku karê wê / wî [[dirûn]] û çêkirina [[cil]]an e.
#: {{hevmane|ku|xeyat|terzî|cildirû|dirwar|dirûnkar}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Herwiha ====
* [[dirûnker]]
* [[dirûnvan]]
==== Bide ber ====
* [[derzî]]
==== Jê ====
* [[dirûnvanî]]
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W|de|Schneider|m}}, {{W|de|Näherin|f}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|skrædder}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W|ar|خياط|guman=erê}}, {{W|ar|النصاح|guman=erê}}, {{W|ar|خیاط|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|tajloro}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|خیاط}}, {{W|fa|بخیه|guman=erê}}, {{W|fa|دوخت|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fo}}: {{W+|fo|skraddari}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|räätäli}}, {{W+|fi|ompelija}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|tailleur}}
* {{Z|fy}}: {{W+|fy|skroar}}
* {{Z|gd}}: {{W+|gd|tàillear}}
* [[gandayî]]: [[omutunzi]]
* [[gaskonî]]: [[talhur]]
* {{Z|ht}}: {{W+|ht|tayè}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|kleermaker}}, {{W+|nl|snijder}}, {{W+|nl|tailleur}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|tailor}}, {{W+|en|snip|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|costumer|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|reaper|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|tailoress|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|former}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|sarto}}
* {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|sastre}}
* {{Z|ms}}: {{W+|ms|penjahit}}
* [[moreyî]]: [[fushẽda]]
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|szabó}}
* {{Z|no}}: {{W+|no|skredder}}
* {{Z|pap}}: {{W+|pap|sastre}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|alfaiate}}, {{W+|pt|costureira}}
* {{Z|scn}}: {{W+|scn|sartu}}
* {{Z|nso}}: {{W+|nso|moroko}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|sastre}}
* {{Z|sw}}: {{W+|sw|mshonaji}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|skräddare}}
* {{Z|sn}}: {{W+|sn|musoni}}
* {{Z|tl}}: {{W+|tl|mananáhì}}, {{W+|tl|sástre}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|terzi}}, {{W+|tr|dikici}}, {{W+|tr|dikişçi}}, {{W+|tr|ırgat}}, {{W+|tr|asimilasyon|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|benzeme|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|dönüşme|guman=erê}}, {{W-|tr|biçimlendirici}}
* {{Z|wo}}: {{W+|wo|nawkat}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Navdêr 2 ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=mn}}
# Kesa/ê ku [[giya]]yî [[dirûn|didirû]] anku bi [[şalok]]ê yan [[derase|deraseyê]] [[birîn|dibire]].
#* {{hevmane|ku|dirûkar}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Herwiha ====
* [[drûkar]]
* [[drûvan]]
==== Jê ====
* [[dirûvanî]]
* [[dirûvanîtî]]
* [[dirûvantî]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{qertaf|ku|dirûn|-van}}.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|moissonneur|n}}, {{W+|fr|faucheur|n}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|fr|reaper}}, {{W+|fr|harvester}}
{{werger-bin}}
poark2yi4zf214owyjoold8p7w46s8z
6236109
6236108
2026-05-26T23:01:44Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Navdêr 2 */
6236109
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{IPA|ku|/dɪɾuːˈvɑːn/}}
* {{kîte|ku|di|rû|van}}
=== Navdêr 1 ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|dirûvan|mê û nêr}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=mn}}
# Kesa/ê ku karê wê / wî [[dirûn]] û çêkirina [[cil]]an e.
#: {{hevmane|ku|xeyat|terzî|cildirû|dirwar|dirûnkar}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Herwiha ====
* [[dirûnker]]
* [[dirûnvan]]
==== Bide ber ====
* [[derzî]]
==== Jê ====
* [[dirûnvanî]]
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W|de|Schneider|m}}, {{W|de|Näherin|f}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|skrædder}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W|ar|خياط|guman=erê}}, {{W|ar|النصاح|guman=erê}}, {{W|ar|خیاط|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|tajloro}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|خیاط}}, {{W|fa|بخیه|guman=erê}}, {{W|fa|دوخت|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fo}}: {{W+|fo|skraddari}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|räätäli}}, {{W+|fi|ompelija}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|tailleur}}
* {{Z|fy}}: {{W+|fy|skroar}}
* {{Z|gd}}: {{W+|gd|tàillear}}
* [[gandayî]]: [[omutunzi]]
* [[gaskonî]]: [[talhur]]
* {{Z|ht}}: {{W+|ht|tayè}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|kleermaker}}, {{W+|nl|snijder}}, {{W+|nl|tailleur}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|tailor}}, {{W+|en|snip|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|costumer|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|reaper|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|tailoress|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|former}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|sarto}}
* {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|sastre}}
* {{Z|ms}}: {{W+|ms|penjahit}}
* [[moreyî]]: [[fushẽda]]
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|szabó}}
* {{Z|no}}: {{W+|no|skredder}}
* {{Z|pap}}: {{W+|pap|sastre}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|alfaiate}}, {{W+|pt|costureira}}
* {{Z|scn}}: {{W+|scn|sartu}}
* {{Z|nso}}: {{W+|nso|moroko}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|sastre}}
* {{Z|sw}}: {{W+|sw|mshonaji}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|skräddare}}
* {{Z|sn}}: {{W+|sn|musoni}}
* {{Z|tl}}: {{W+|tl|mananáhì}}, {{W+|tl|sástre}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|terzi}}, {{W+|tr|dikici}}, {{W+|tr|dikişçi}}, {{W+|tr|ırgat}}, {{W+|tr|asimilasyon|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|benzeme|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|dönüşme|guman=erê}}, {{W-|tr|biçimlendirici}}
* {{Z|wo}}: {{W+|wo|nawkat}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Navdêr 2 ===
[[Wêne:Reaper (Andreyev).jpg|thumb|Dirûvanek]]
{{navdêr|ku|z=mn}}
# Kesa/ê ku [[giya]]yî [[dirûn|didirû]] anku bi [[şalok]]ê yan [[derase|deraseyê]] [[birîn|dibire]].
#* {{hevmane|ku|dirûkar}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Herwiha ====
* [[drûkar]]
* [[drûvan]]
==== Jê ====
* [[dirûvanî]]
* [[dirûvanîtî]]
* [[dirûvantî]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{qertaf|ku|dirûn|-van}}.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|moissonneur|n}}, {{W+|fr|faucheur|n}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|fr|reaper}}, {{W+|fr|harvester}}
{{werger-bin}}
l6t2mmh8ltxh5r2jlj5tocvp3py7fz0
dirûkar
0
38850
6236106
5682733
2026-05-26T22:54:14Z
Ghybu
1393
/* {{ziman|ku}} */
6236106
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=mn}}
# {{guharto|ku|dirûvan}}
h3jq043ycgb9x2yqa6d7cy5dibqd88y
dirwar
0
38851
6236099
5682723
2026-05-26T22:40:38Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Navdêr */
6236099
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=mn}}
# {{guharto|ku|dirûvan}}
h3jq043ycgb9x2yqa6d7cy5dibqd88y
dirûnkar
0
38852
6236101
5682735
2026-05-26T22:43:09Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Navdêr */
6236101
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=mn}}
# {{guharto|ku|dirûvan}}
h3jq043ycgb9x2yqa6d7cy5dibqd88y
jûjî
0
45749
6236088
6097113
2026-05-26T19:47:40Z
حوسێن
9221
/* Bi zaravayên din */
6236088
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
** (''[[rojhilatî]]'') {{IPA|ku|/ʒʉːˈʒiː/}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36368 (kur)-Dildadil-jûjî.wav|Deng|dever=Amed}}
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163 (kmr)-Ebulfîda-jûjî.wav|Deng|dever=Bidlîs}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|jûjî|mê û nêr}}
[[Wêne:Atelerix albiventris.jpg|thumb|jûjiyek]]
{{navdêr|ku|z=n+}}
# [[heywan]]ekî [[guhandar]] yê [[hûrik]] e û [[pişt]]a wî bi[[sîx]] e <br>(dema ku [[êriş]]î wî tê kirin, xwe dike [[gulolik]] û serê xwe di bin [[mîx]]ên xwe ve [[veşartin|vedişêre]])
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|ژووژی}}
==== Herwiha ====
{{kol3|ku|cure=Herwiha
|jijih
|jijo
|jijû
|jivje
|jivjî
|jîje
|jîjî
|jîjih
|jîjik
|jîjo
|jîjok
|jîjû
|jîşî
|jîşik
|joje
|jojî
|jujî
|jûje
|jûjik
|jûjû
|jûşe
|jûşî
|jwîjî
|jwîjwî
}}
==== Bi alfabeyên din====
* {{ku-ar|ژووژی}}
==== [[mamik|Mamik]] ====
''Kalikê min tê ji deştê /barê stirî li piştê... Ew çi ye? - Jûjî ye.''
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{mîr|ine-pro|ku|*h₁eǵʰi-}}, [[hevreh]]a soranî {{g|ckb|ژیشک|tr=jîşk}}, zazakî [[dije]], farisî {{g|fa|جوجهتیغی|tr=cûcitîẍî}}, pehlewî ''zûzek'', avestayî ''dujeke'', osetî [[узун]] (uzun), ermenî [[ոզնի]] (oznî), rusî [[ёж]]), çekî/slovakî/slovenî [[jež]], polonî [[jeż]], lîtwanî [[ežys]], yûnanî [[ἐχῖνος]], almanî [[Igel]], swêdî [[igel]], danmarkî û norwecî [[igle]]...
==== Bi zaravayên din ====
* {{Z|ckb}}: {{W-|ckb|ژووژگ}}, {{W-|ckb|ژووژک}}, {{W-|ckb|ژووشک}}, {{W-|ckb|ژیشک}}, {{W-|ckb|کۆدۆ}}
* {{Z|zza}}: [[dice]], [[dije|dije (n)]], [[dîje]], [[duce]], [[jije]], [[juje]], [[jûje|jûje (n)]], [[jûjî]], [[jûjû]], [[zuze]]
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|af}}: {{W-|af|krimpvarkie}}
* {{Z|sq}}: {{W+|sq|uriq|n}}, {{W+|sq|iriq|n}}, {{W+|sq|esh|n}}, {{W+|sq|eshk|n}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Igel|n}}
* {{Z|am}}: {{W-|am|ጥርኝ}}
* {{Z|rup}}: {{W-|rup|ariciu}}, {{W-|rup|arici}}
* {{Z|ast}}: {{W+|ast|rezcayeru|n}}, {{W+|ast|corcuspín}}, {{W+|ast|perrucuspín}}, {{W+|ast|oriciu}}
* {{Z|av}}: {{W-|av|гӏужрукъ|sc=Cyrl}}
* {{Z|az}}: {{W+|az|kirpi}}
* {{Z|eu}}: {{W+|eu|triku}}
* {{Z|ba}}: {{W-|ba|терпе|sc=Cyrl}}
* {{Z|be}}: {{W+|be|во́жык|n}}
* {{Z|bn}}: {{W-|bn|কাঁটাচুয়া}}
* {{Z|br}}: {{W+|br|heureuchin|n}}
* {{Z|bg}}: {{W+|bg|таралеж}}, {{W-|bg|еж|n|sc=Cyrl}}
* {{Z|my}}: {{W+|my|ဖြူ}}, {{W-|my|ဖြူကောင်}}
* {{Z|bua}}: {{W-|bua|заряа}}
* {{Z|cs}}: {{W+|cs|ježek|n}}
* {{Z|ny}}: {{W-|ny|kanungu}}
* {{Z|zh}}:
*: {{Z|yue}}: {{W-|yue|刺蝟|tr=ci3 wai6}}
*: {{Z|cmn}}: {{W-|cmn|刺蝟|tr=cìwei}}
* {{Z|cv}}: {{W-|cv|чӗрӗп}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|pindsvin|nt}}
* {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|landak}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|قُنْفُذ|n}}
*: {{Z|afb}}: {{W-|afb|دعلي|n|tr=dʕalay}}
*: {{Z|arz}}: {{W-|arz|قنفد|n|tr=ʔunfed}}
*: {{Z|acw}}: {{W-|acw|قنفذ|n|tr=qunfuḏ, gunfuḏ}}
*: {{Z|ary}}: {{W-|ary|قنفود|n|tr=qanfūd}}
* {{Z|hy}}: {{W+|hy|ոզնի}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|erinaco}}
* {{Z|et}}: {{W+|et|siil}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|جوجهتیغی|tr=juje-tiği}}, {{W-|fa|ژوژ|tr=žuž}}
* {{Z|fo}}: {{W+|fo|tindasvín|nt}}, {{W-|fo|igulkøttur|n}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|siili}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|hérisson|n}}
* {{Z|fur}}: {{W-|fur|riç|n}}, {{W-|fur|rič|n}}
* {{Z|fy}}: {{W+|fy|ychelbaarch}}, {{W+|fy|ychel}}
* {{Z|gd}}: {{W-|gd|gràineag|m}}
* {{Z|gl}}: {{W+|gl|ourizo|n}}, {{W+|gl|ourizo cacho|n}}
* {{Z|ka}}: {{W-|ka|ზღარბი}}
* {{Z|bgc}}: {{W-|bgc|झाऊमूसा}}, {{W-|bgc|झाहुमूसा}}
* {{Z|hi}}: {{W+|hi|साही|n}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|egel|n}}
* {{Z|he}}: {{W+|he|קיפוד|n|tr=kipod|cuda=קִפּוֹד / קיפוד|sc=Hebr}}
* {{Z|ang}}: {{W-|ang|iġil|n}}, {{W-|ang|hattefagol|n}}
* {{Z|enm}}: {{W-|enm|yrchoun}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|hedgehog}}
* {{Z|izh}}: {{W-|izh|jožikka}}
* {{Z|inh}}: {{W-|inh|зӏий}}
* {{Z|ga}}: {{W-|ga|gráinneog|m}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|riccio|n}}
* {{Z|is}}: {{W+|is|broddgöltur|n}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|針鼠|tr=はりねずみ, harinezumi}}, {{W+|ja|ハリネズミ|tr=harinezumi|sc=Jpan}}
* {{Z|xal}}: {{W-|xal|зара}}
* {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|eriçó|n}}
* {{Z|ky}}: {{W+|ky|кирпи}}
* {{Z|ko}}: {{W+|ko|고슴도치}}
* {{Z|kw}}: {{W-|kw|sort|n}}
* {{Z|lld}}: {{W-|lld|igl}}
* {{Z|ltg}}: {{W-|ltg|ezs|n}}
* {{Z|la}}: {{W-|la|ērinaceus|n}}, {{W-|la|ēricius}}
* {{Z|lv}}: {{W+|lv|ezis|n}}
* {{Z|lo}}: {{W-|lo|ຫອນ}}, {{W+|lo|ເໝັ້ນ}}
* {{Z|lt}}: {{W+|lt|ežys|n}}
* {{Z|lb}}: {{W-|lb|Kéisécker|n}}, {{W+|lb|Däreldéier|nt}}, {{W+|lb|Igel|n}}
* {{Z|mk}}: {{W-|mk|еж|n}}
* {{Z|ms}}: {{W-|ms|landak}}
* {{Z|mt}}: {{W-|mt|qanfud|n}}
* {{Z|gv}}: {{W-|gv|arkan sonney|n}}, {{W-|gv|graynoge|m}}
* {{Z|mi}}: {{W-|mi|tuatete}}
* Marî:
*: {{Z|mhr}}: {{W-|mhr|шоҥшо}}
*: {{Z|mrj}}: {{W-|mrj|шӱлӹ}}
* {{Z|mzn}}: {{W-|mzn|ارمجی|tr=armeji|sc=ps-Arab}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|sün}}, {{W+|hu|sündisznó}}
* {{Z|mn}}: {{W+|mn|зараа|sc=Cyrl}}, {{W-|mn|зожиг хүн|sc=Cyrl}}
* {{Z|nv}}: {{W-|nv|adijiłii}}
* {{Z|nds}}:
*: {{Z|nds-de}}: {{W-|nds-de|egel}}, {{W-|nds-de|swienegel}}, {{W-|nds-de|scharphaas}}
* {{Z|nog}}: {{W-|nog|кирпи}}
* {{Z|nrf}}: {{W-|nrf|hérisson|n}}
* {{Z|no}}:
*: {{Z|nb}}: {{W+|nb|piggsvin|nt}}, {{W+|nb|pinnsvin|nt}}
*: {{Z|nn}}: {{W+|nn|piggsvin|nt}}, {{W+|nn|bustyvel|n}}
* {{Z|oc}}: {{W+|oc|eriç|n}}, {{W+|oc|eiriçon|n}}
* {{Z|os}}: {{W-|os|уызын}}
* {{Z|ota}}: {{W-|ota|كرپی|tr=kirpi}}
* {{Z|ug}}: {{W-|ug|كىرپە}}
* {{Z|uz}}: {{W+|uz|kirpi}}
* {{Z|ps}}: {{W-|ps|جږګی|n|tr=jiǵgay|sc=ps-Arab}}
* {{Z|pdt}}: {{W-|pdt|Schwienhunt|n}}
* {{Z|pl}}: {{W+|pl|jeż|n}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|ouriço|n}}
* {{Z|pa}}: {{W-|pa|ਕੰਡਿਆਲ਼ਾ|n}}, {{W-|pa|ਕੰਡੇਰਨਾ|n}}, {{W-|pa|ਝਾਹਾ|n}}
* {{Z|kk}}: {{W-|kk|кірпі|sc=Cyrl}}
* {{Z|cop}}: {{W-|cop|ⲫⲩⲛⲟⲥ|n}}, {{W-|cop|ⲭⲓⲣⲟⲅⲣⲓⲗⲗⲓⲟⲛ|n}}
* {{Z|rm}}: {{W-|rm|erizun}}
* {{Z|rom}}: {{W-|rom|arichi|n}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W+|ro|arici}}
* {{Z|ru}}: {{W+|ru|ёж|n}}, {{W+|ru|ёжик|n}}, {{W+|ru|ежи́ха|m}}, {{W+|ru|ежа́к|n}}
* Samî:
*: {{Z|se}}: {{W-|se|biikagoašku}}
* {{Z|sc}}: {{W-|sc|arritzoni}}, {{W-|sc|grixoni}}, {{W-|sc|berittu}}
* {{Z|scn}}: {{W+|scn|rizzu}}
* {{Z|sh}}:
*: Kirîlî: {{W-|sh|је̑ж|n|sc=Cyrl}}
*: Latînî: {{W+|sh|jȇž|n}}
* {{Z|sco}}: {{W-|sco|hurcheon}}
* {{Z|orv}}: {{W-|orv|ожь|n}}, {{W-|orv|ежь|n}}
* {{Z|sk}}: {{W+|sk|jež|n}}
* {{Z|sl}}: {{W+|sl|jež|n}}
* Sorbî:
*: {{Z|dsb}}: {{W-|dsb|jež|n}}
*: {{Z|hsb}}: {{W-|hsb|jěž|n}}, {{W-|hsb|jěžik|n}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|erizo|n}}
* {{Z|su}}: {{W-|su|landak}}
* {{Z|sw}}: {{W+|sw|kalunguyeye|c9|c10}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|igelkott|g}}
* {{Z|zdj}}: {{W-|zdj|lanɗa|c9|c10}}
* {{Z|tg}}: {{W+|tg|хорпушт}}
* {{Z|tl}}: {{W-|tl|eriso}}
* {{Z|th}}: {{W+|th|เม่น}}
* {{Z|tt}}: {{W+|tt|керпе}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|kirpi}}
* {{Z|tk}}: {{W-|tk|kirpi}}
* {{Z|udi}}: {{W-|udi|цацнагъаъгъаъл}}
* {{Z|uk}}: {{W+|uk|їжа́к|n}}
* {{Z|vi}}: {{W+|vi|nhím}}
* {{Z|vo}}: {{W+|vo|reinad}}
* {{Z|vot}}: {{W-|vot|siili}}
* {{Z|wa}}: {{W+|wa|lurson|n}}, {{W+|wa|nierson|n}}, {{W+|wa|irson|n}}
* {{Z|cy}}: {{W-|cy|draenog|n}}
* {{Z|wym}}: {{W-|wym|ejggl}}
* {{Z|wo}}: {{W-|wo|[[suññéel]] bi}}
* {{Z|yi}}: {{W-|yi|שטעכלער|n|sc=Hebr}}, {{W-|yi|יאָזש|n}}
* {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|σκαντζόχοιρος|n}}
*: Kevn: {{W-|grc|ἐχῖνος|n}}, {{W-|grc|χήρ|n}}
* {{Z|zu}}: {{W-|zu|inhloli|c9|c10}}
{{werger-bin}}
:{{werger çavkanî|en|hedgehog|beş=Ev qismê Wergerê|oldid=76281029}}
== {{ziman|zza}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|zza}}
# {{g|ku|jûjî}}
#* {{bêmînak|zza}}
dbm3ys790vhb5r4b0nx5bkg7epg4oco
têketin
0
47537
6236149
6124879
2026-05-27T03:25:01Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Lêker */
6236149
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{bnr-l|tê ketin}}
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{lêker|ku|c=}}
# [[çûn]] [[hindir]], çûn [[têve]], çûn [[têde]], [[daxil]] bûn
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Herwiha ====
{{kol3|ku
| tê keftin
| tê ketin
| tê kevtin
| têkeftin
| têkevtin
}}
==== Jê ====
{{kol3|ku
| têketî
| têkev
| têkeve
}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji ''[[tê]]'' (di wê) + ''[[ketin]]''.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|دخول|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|دسترسی}}, {{W-|fa|محل گذر}}, {{W+|fa|ورود}}, {{W+|fa|وارد شدن}}
* {{Z|en}}: to {{W+|en|enter}}, to [[go]] in, {{W+|en|admittance}}, {{W+|en|entrance}}, {{W+|en|sign in}}, {{W+|en|go in}}, {{W+|en|implication|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|incurrence|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|involvement|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|log in|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|entering|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|go into|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|incur|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|embroilment|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|entry|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|girme}}, {{W+|tr|hulul}}, {{W+|tr|sokulmak}}, {{W+|tr|sokuluş}}, {{W+|tr|dalma}}, {{W+|tr|giriliş|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|duhul|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|girim|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|giriş|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|intisap|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|girdi|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Eingang|m}}, {{W+|de|eintreten}}, {{W+|de|eingehen}}, {{W+|de|Einfahrt|f}}, {{W+|de|Einlass|m}}, {{W+|de|Einmarsch}}, {{W+|de|Einreise|f}}, {{W+|de|einmarschieren}}, {{W+|de|einreisen}}, {{W+|de|hereinkommen}}, {{W+|de|hineingehen}}, {{W-|de|hineinkommen}}, {{W+|de|Betreten|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|Einstieg|m|guman=erê}}, {{W-|de|Eintreten|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|Eintritt|m|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|Einzug|m|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|Vestibül|m|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|Zugang|m|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|Zutritt|m|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|têketin|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[kiryar]]a ketina [[avahî]]yeki an jî [[tevlîbûn]]a civak an [[rêxistin]]ek [[taybet]]î.
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|entry}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|giriş}}
{{werger-bin}}
dxj04pqngkdh4gxo0du8n922vhttkcn
6236150
6236149
2026-05-27T03:25:30Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Navdêr */
6236150
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{bnr-l|tê ketin}}
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{lêker|ku|c=}}
# [[çûn]] [[hindir]], çûn [[têve]], çûn [[têde]], [[daxil]] bûn
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Herwiha ====
{{kol3|ku
| tê keftin
| tê ketin
| tê kevtin
| têkeftin
| têkevtin
}}
==== Jê ====
{{kol3|ku
| têketî
| têkev
| têkeve
}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji ''[[tê]]'' (di wê) + ''[[ketin]]''.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|دخول|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|دسترسی}}, {{W-|fa|محل گذر}}, {{W+|fa|ورود}}, {{W+|fa|وارد شدن}}
* {{Z|en}}: to {{W+|en|enter}}, to [[go]] in, {{W+|en|admittance}}, {{W+|en|entrance}}, {{W+|en|sign in}}, {{W+|en|go in}}, {{W+|en|implication|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|incurrence|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|involvement|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|log in|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|entering|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|go into|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|incur|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|embroilment|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|entry|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|girme}}, {{W+|tr|hulul}}, {{W+|tr|sokulmak}}, {{W+|tr|sokuluş}}, {{W+|tr|dalma}}, {{W+|tr|giriliş|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|duhul|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|girim|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|giriş|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|intisap|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|girdi|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Eingang|m}}, {{W+|de|eintreten}}, {{W+|de|eingehen}}, {{W+|de|Einfahrt|f}}, {{W+|de|Einlass|m}}, {{W+|de|Einmarsch}}, {{W+|de|Einreise|f}}, {{W+|de|einmarschieren}}, {{W+|de|einreisen}}, {{W+|de|hereinkommen}}, {{W+|de|hineingehen}}, {{W-|de|hineinkommen}}, {{W+|de|Betreten|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|Einstieg|m|guman=erê}}, {{W-|de|Eintreten|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|Eintritt|m|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|Einzug|m|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|Vestibül|m|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|Zugang|m|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|Zutritt|m|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|têketin|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[kiryar|Kiryara]] ketina [[avahî]]yeki an jî [[tevlîbûn]]a civak an [[rêxistin]]ek [[taybet]]î.
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|entry}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|giriş}}
{{werger-bin}}
9ovjdpxsf3bm6g143lrryvasqby4csx
6236153
6236150
2026-05-27T03:41:55Z
Ghybu
1393
tenê navdêr e
6236153
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{bnr-l|tê ketin}}
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|têketin|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[kiryar|Kiryara]] ketina [[avahî]]yeki an jî [[tevlîbûn]]a civak an [[rêxistin]]ek [[taybet]]î.
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|entry}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|girme}}, {{W+|tr|giriş}}, {{W+|tr|hulul}}, {{W+|tr|sokulma}}, {{W+|tr|sokuluş}}, {{W+|tr|dalma}}, {{W+|tr|giriliş|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|duhul|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|girim|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|intisap|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|girdi|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}
ohj3wg0mb7m7dnp0loffdiyyezygz17
branch
0
55886
6236083
6085225
2026-05-26T12:27:26Z
Wikihez
7344
/* */ bi [[MediaWiki:Gadget-AjaxEdit.js|AjaxEdit]]ê re
6236083
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{bnr-h|Branch}}
== {{ziman|en}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
:{{ku-tîp|brenç}}
* {{deng|en|en-us-branch.ogg|dever=DYA}}
* {{deng|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Nattes à chat-branch.wav|Deng|dever=}}
* {{deng|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Grendelkhan-branch.wav|Deng|dever=Connecticut, DYA}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|en}}
# [[çeq]]
#* {{bêmînak|en}}
# [[liq]], [[beş]], [[şax]]
#* {{bêmînak|en}}
s7xn1hunw5eu6vm3c5v16sk9d8zxt7o
tê ketin
0
57602
6236151
6125226
2026-05-27T03:27:17Z
Ghybu
1393
/* {{ziman|ku}} */
6236151
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{bnr-n|têketin}}
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{lêker|ku|c=h-ngh}}
# [[çûn]] tê ve, çûn [[hindir]]
# pê hatin [[xapandin]], [[bi ser de çûn]]
==== Herwiha ====
* [[tê keftin]]
==== Tewîn ====
''Lêker'':
:tê -kev-
==== Jê ====
* [[têketî]]
* [[têketin]]
* [[têkeftin]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji ''[[tê]]'' (di wê/wî de) + ''[[ketin]]''.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|einbrechen}}, {{W+|de|betreten}}, {{W+|de|durchdringen}}, {{W+|de|eindringen}}, {{W+|de|eingehen}}, {{W+|de|einmarschieren}}, {{W+|de|einreisen}}, {{W+|de|eintreten}}, {{W-|de|hineinkommen}}, {{W+|de|geraten|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|vordringen|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|اخترق|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|أدخل|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|تداخل|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|تدخل|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|ثقب|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W-|fa|پا نهادن|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|enter}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|intisap etmek}}, {{W+|tr|vurmak}}, {{W+|tr|dalmak|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|girmek|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}
afg85g3y5ax3ay5nxbzrrzw24zxnyfn
6236155
6236151
2026-05-27T03:54:17Z
Ghybu
1393
/* {{ziman|ku}} */
6236155
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{bnr-n|têketin}}
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk|xistin|form=negerguhêz|niha=kev|borî=ket|pêşgir=tê|valahî=erê}}
{{lêker|ku|c=h-ngh}}
# [[çûn]] tê ve, çûn [[hindir]]
# pê hatin [[xapandin]], [[bi ser de çûn]]
==== Herwiha ====
{{kol3|ku
| tê keftin
| tê kevtin
| têkeftin
| têkevtin
}}
==== Jê ====
{{kol3|ku
| têketî
| têketin
| têkeftin
| têkev
| têkeve
}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji ''[[tê]]'' (di wê/wî de) + ''[[ketin]]''.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|einbrechen}}, {{W+|de|betreten}}, {{W+|de|durchdringen}}, {{W+|de|eindringen}}, {{W+|de|eingehen}}, {{W+|de|einmarschieren}}, {{W+|de|einreisen}}, {{W+|de|eintreten}}, {{W-|de|hineinkommen}}, {{W+|de|geraten|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|vordringen|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|اخترق|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|أدخل|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|تداخل|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|تدخل|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|ثقب|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W-|fa|پا نهادن|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|enter}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|girmek}}, {{W+|tr|sokulmak}}, {{W+|tr|intisap etmek}}, {{W+|tr|vurmak}}, {{W+|tr|dalmak|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}
14kudt1emivdz175q4e83hv4xjbziio
6236157
6236155
2026-05-27T03:59:01Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Lêker */
6236157
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{bnr-n|têketin}}
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk|tê ketin|form=negerguhêz|niha=kev|borî=ket|pêşgir=tê|valahî=erê}}
{{lêker|ku|c=h-ngh}}
# [[çûn]] tê ve, çûn [[hindir]]
# pê hatin [[xapandin]], [[bi ser de çûn]]
==== Herwiha ====
{{kol3|ku
| tê keftin
| tê kevtin
| têkeftin
| têkevtin
}}
==== Jê ====
{{kol3|ku
| têketî
| têketin
| têkeftin
| têkev
| têkeve
}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji ''[[tê]]'' (di wê/wî de) + ''[[ketin]]''.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|einbrechen}}, {{W+|de|betreten}}, {{W+|de|durchdringen}}, {{W+|de|eindringen}}, {{W+|de|eingehen}}, {{W+|de|einmarschieren}}, {{W+|de|einreisen}}, {{W+|de|eintreten}}, {{W-|de|hineinkommen}}, {{W+|de|geraten|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|vordringen|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|اخترق|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|أدخل|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|تداخل|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|تدخل|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|ثقب|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W-|fa|پا نهادن|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|enter}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|girmek}}, {{W+|tr|sokulmak}}, {{W+|tr|intisap etmek}}, {{W+|tr|vurmak}}, {{W+|tr|dalmak|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}
b7q0qmv5pn44yokvvr6kx71s2eu3li8
Şablon:ku-raboriya-dûdar
10
178212
6236161
6234485
2026-05-27T04:20:19Z
Ghybu
1393
id
6236161
wikitext
text/x-wiki
''Kesê [[{{{2}}}]] {{{3}}} [[raboriya dûdar]] {{#if:{{{4|}}}|ya {{{4|}}} }}ji lêker'' '''[[{{{1}}}]]'''{{#ifexist:Tewandin:{{{1}}}| ''([[Tewandin:{{{1}}}#indPerfect|tewandin]])''|}}.<includeonly>[[Kategorî:Raboriya dûdar {{#if:{{{4|}}}|ya {{{4|}}} }}bi {{navê zimanî|ku}}]]</includeonly><noinclude>
{{belgekirin|naverok={{ku-dema-niha/belge}}}}
</noinclude>
nv1xxgqh3h4kd4ccdj5zpxdx6vhkb3x
dirûnker
0
182805
6236102
5698512
2026-05-26T22:43:29Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Navdêr */
6236102
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=mn}}
# {{guharto|ku|dirûvan}}
h3jq043ycgb9x2yqa6d7cy5dibqd88y
dirûnvan
0
182806
6236103
5698514
2026-05-26T22:43:54Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Navdêr */
6236103
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=mn}}
# {{guharto|ku|dirûvan}}
h3jq043ycgb9x2yqa6d7cy5dibqd88y
Şablon:ku-fermanî
10
198826
6236174
6234483
2026-05-27T05:37:40Z
Ghybu
1393
6236174
wikitext
text/x-wiki
''Kesê [[{{{2}}}]] {{{3}}} [[fermanî|dema fermanî]] {{#if:{{{4|}}}|ya {{{4|}}} }}ji lêkera'' '''[[{{{1}}}]]'''{{#ifexist:Tewandin:{{{1}}}| ''([[Tewandin:{{{1}}}#imp|tewandin]])''|}}.<includeonly>{{kategorî|Dema fermanî {{#if:{{{4|}}}|ya {{{4|}}} }}bi {{navê zimanî|ku}}}}</includeonly><noinclude>
{{belgekirin|naverok={{ku-dema-niha/belge}}}}
</noinclude>
5mpuc06ufy3g5zrcgzlr66fb9xhf69j
نیان
0
352576
6236111
5657917
2026-05-27T01:05:45Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Lêker */
6236111
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Lêker ===
{{lêker|ku|c=x-gh|tr=-|sc=Arab}}
# {{ku-Latn|niyan}}
f3bdx9qm349gfhp99kf1gc0kh17we93
têxistin
0
352856
6236145
6128719
2026-05-27T03:17:06Z
Ghybu
1393
6236145
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{bnr-h|tê xistin}}
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=m|lk=tê xistin}}
# {{mane?|ku}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{heve|ku|tê|xistin}}.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
{{werger-bin}}
qk10m1zjp1qdfipnz0233sapomrdy66
6236152
6236145
2026-05-27T03:36:27Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Werger */
6236152
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{bnr-h|tê xistin}}
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=m|lk=tê xistin}}
# {{mane?|ku}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{heve|ku|tê|xistin}}.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|koyma}}
{{werger-bin}}
76hm2eqz7m3bolvsi0mt25i59dlobpm
tê xistin
0
354004
6236142
5832102
2026-05-27T03:14:45Z
Ghybu
1393
/* {{ziman|ku}} */
6236142
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{bnr-n|têxistin}}
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{lêker|ku|c=h-ngh}}
# {{bêmane|ku}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{heve|ku|tê|xistin}}.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|aufsitzen}}, {{W+|de|einführen}}, {{W+|de|anlegen}}, {{W+|de|besteigen}}, {{W+|de|einlegen}}, {{W+|de|einspeisen}}, {{W+|de|stellen}}, {{W+|de|einspannen}}, {{W+|de|einwerfen}}, {{W-|de|hineinspritzen}}, {{W+|de|hineintun}}, {{W+|de|hinzufügen}}, {{W+|de|montieren}}, {{W+|de|stecken}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|أدخل|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|أسلك|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W-|fa|فرو کردن}}, {{W+|fa|گذاردن}}, {{W-|fa|گذاشتن در}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|koymak}}, {{W+|tr|bırakmak|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}
s1eo364yiy1uc1s3foowjogof4rxqn8
6236143
6236142
2026-05-27T03:15:33Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Lêker */
6236143
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{bnr-n|têxistin}}
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{lêker|ku|c=h-ngh}}
# {{bêmane|ku}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{heve|ku|tê|xistin}}.
==== Jê ====
* {{g|ku|têxistin}}
* {{g|ku|têxistî}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|aufsitzen}}, {{W+|de|einführen}}, {{W+|de|anlegen}}, {{W+|de|besteigen}}, {{W+|de|einlegen}}, {{W+|de|einspeisen}}, {{W+|de|stellen}}, {{W+|de|einspannen}}, {{W+|de|einwerfen}}, {{W-|de|hineinspritzen}}, {{W+|de|hineintun}}, {{W+|de|hinzufügen}}, {{W+|de|montieren}}, {{W+|de|stecken}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|أدخل|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|أسلك|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W-|fa|فرو کردن}}, {{W+|fa|گذاردن}}, {{W-|fa|گذاشتن در}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|koymak}}, {{W+|tr|bırakmak|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}
3ac2psqm2bwmuunxb4n67iw90k2jysr
6236144
6236143
2026-05-27T03:15:53Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Lêker */
6236144
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{bnr-n|têxistin}}
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{lêker|ku|c=h-ngh}}
# {{bêmane|ku}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Jê ====
* {{g|ku|têxistin}}
* {{g|ku|têxistî}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{heve|ku|tê|xistin}}.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|aufsitzen}}, {{W+|de|einführen}}, {{W+|de|anlegen}}, {{W+|de|besteigen}}, {{W+|de|einlegen}}, {{W+|de|einspeisen}}, {{W+|de|stellen}}, {{W+|de|einspannen}}, {{W+|de|einwerfen}}, {{W-|de|hineinspritzen}}, {{W+|de|hineintun}}, {{W+|de|hinzufügen}}, {{W+|de|montieren}}, {{W+|de|stecken}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|أدخل|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|أسلك|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W-|fa|فرو کردن}}, {{W+|fa|گذاردن}}, {{W-|fa|گذاشتن در}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|koymak}}, {{W+|tr|bırakmak|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}
nsl7sxxn346hmzrv5bzbakxhts1yhbu
6236146
6236144
2026-05-27T03:18:23Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Lêker */
6236146
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{bnr-n|têxistin}}
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk|xistin|form=gerguhêz|niha=x|borî=xist|pêşgir=tê|valahî=erê}}
{{lêker|ku|c=h-ngh|nd=têxistin}}
# {{bêmane|ku}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Jê ====
* {{g|ku|têxistin}}
* {{g|ku|têxistî}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{heve|ku|tê|xistin}}.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|aufsitzen}}, {{W+|de|einführen}}, {{W+|de|anlegen}}, {{W+|de|besteigen}}, {{W+|de|einlegen}}, {{W+|de|einspeisen}}, {{W+|de|stellen}}, {{W+|de|einspannen}}, {{W+|de|einwerfen}}, {{W-|de|hineinspritzen}}, {{W+|de|hineintun}}, {{W+|de|hinzufügen}}, {{W+|de|montieren}}, {{W+|de|stecken}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|أدخل|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|أسلك|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W-|fa|فرو کردن}}, {{W+|fa|گذاردن}}, {{W-|fa|گذاشتن در}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|koymak}}, {{W+|tr|bırakmak|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}
57dof2fsmsje0yrnjti4o5qo2x79qex
6236147
6236146
2026-05-27T03:18:41Z
Ghybu
1393
6236147
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{bnr-h|têxistin}}
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk|xistin|form=gerguhêz|niha=x|borî=xist|pêşgir=tê|valahî=erê}}
{{lêker|ku|c=h-ngh|nd=têxistin}}
# {{bêmane|ku}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Jê ====
* {{g|ku|têxistin}}
* {{g|ku|têxistî}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{heve|ku|tê|xistin}}.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|aufsitzen}}, {{W+|de|einführen}}, {{W+|de|anlegen}}, {{W+|de|besteigen}}, {{W+|de|einlegen}}, {{W+|de|einspeisen}}, {{W+|de|stellen}}, {{W+|de|einspannen}}, {{W+|de|einwerfen}}, {{W-|de|hineinspritzen}}, {{W+|de|hineintun}}, {{W+|de|hinzufügen}}, {{W+|de|montieren}}, {{W+|de|stecken}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|أدخل|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|أسلك|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W-|fa|فرو کردن}}, {{W+|fa|گذاردن}}, {{W-|fa|گذاشتن در}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|koymak}}, {{W+|tr|bırakmak|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}
c8jf6lr9y2aemrcmiimbac8q57sage3
6236154
6236147
2026-05-27T03:47:30Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Lêker */
6236154
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{bnr-h|têxistin}}
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk|xistin|form=negerguhêz|niha=x|borî=xist|pêşgir=tê|valahî=erê}}
{{lêker|ku|c=h-ngh|nd=têxistin}}
# {{bêmane|ku}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Jê ====
* {{g|ku|têxistin}}
* {{g|ku|têxistî}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{heve|ku|tê|xistin}}.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|aufsitzen}}, {{W+|de|einführen}}, {{W+|de|anlegen}}, {{W+|de|besteigen}}, {{W+|de|einlegen}}, {{W+|de|einspeisen}}, {{W+|de|stellen}}, {{W+|de|einspannen}}, {{W+|de|einwerfen}}, {{W-|de|hineinspritzen}}, {{W+|de|hineintun}}, {{W+|de|hinzufügen}}, {{W+|de|montieren}}, {{W+|de|stecken}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|أدخل|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|أسلك|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W-|fa|فرو کردن}}, {{W+|fa|گذاردن}}, {{W-|fa|گذاشتن در}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|koymak}}, {{W+|tr|bırakmak|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}
7ocwpjw96cwfgloothirh1bjtbveipn
6236156
6236154
2026-05-27T03:58:41Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Lêker */
6236156
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{bnr-h|têxistin}}
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk|tê xistin|form=negerguhêz|niha=x|borî=xist|pêşgir=tê|valahî=erê}}
{{lêker|ku|c=h-ngh|nd=têxistin}}
# {{bêmane|ku}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Jê ====
* {{g|ku|têxistin}}
* {{g|ku|têxistî}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{heve|ku|tê|xistin}}.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|aufsitzen}}, {{W+|de|einführen}}, {{W+|de|anlegen}}, {{W+|de|besteigen}}, {{W+|de|einlegen}}, {{W+|de|einspeisen}}, {{W+|de|stellen}}, {{W+|de|einspannen}}, {{W+|de|einwerfen}}, {{W-|de|hineinspritzen}}, {{W+|de|hineintun}}, {{W+|de|hinzufügen}}, {{W+|de|montieren}}, {{W+|de|stecken}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|أدخل|guman=erê}}, {{W-|ar|أسلك|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W-|fa|فرو کردن}}, {{W+|fa|گذاردن}}, {{W-|fa|گذاشتن در}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|koymak}}, {{W+|tr|bırakmak|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}
q04x0fezbpbcoufx2sp9zgaumc2a35d
têxistî
0
354547
6236141
5770226
2026-05-27T03:14:29Z
Ghybu
1393
/* {{ziman|ku}} */
6236141
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Rengdêr ===
{{rengdêr|ku}}
# {{bêmane|ku}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{heve|ku|tê|xistî}}. Bnr. {{q|ku|tê xistin}}.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|einliegend}}, {{W+|de|hineingesteckt}}, {{W+|de|eingelassen|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|eingegossen|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|enclosure|guman=erê}}, {{W-|en|incured|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|münderiç}}, {{W+|tr|fihrist}}, {{W+|tr|indeks}}, {{W+|tr|dizin|guman=erê}}, {{W+|tr|mündericat|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}
5vm6qi4crjfk8264wcnq8q3qythgl46
drûkar
0
359015
6236104
5692236
2026-05-26T22:45:38Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Navdêr */
6236104
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=mn}}
# {{guharto|ku|dirûvan}}
h3jq043ycgb9x2yqa6d7cy5dibqd88y
drûvan
0
359016
6236105
5692237
2026-05-26T22:45:58Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Navdêr */
6236105
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=mn}}
# {{guharto|ku|dirûvan}}
h3jq043ycgb9x2yqa6d7cy5dibqd88y
دوخت
0
364926
6236114
5868845
2026-05-27T01:47:02Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Mane */
6236114
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|fa}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|fa|tr=}}
# [[dirwar]], [[kêl]], [[tik]]
k1u46ai52c5raw39209hcluypc06csi
bawerdar
0
375363
6236184
6166140
2026-05-27T06:27:44Z
Heviyane
10624
Werger: +zazakî : [[bawerkerdoğ]]; +zazakî : [[bawermend]] (bi alîkarî)
6236184
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Rengdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-rd|bawerdar}}
{{rengdêr|ku}}
# [[bawermend]], [[dilbawer]], [[xudanbawer]], [[îmandar]], [[mûmin]]
==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|باوەردار}}
==== Dijmane ====
* [[bêbawer]]
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{qertaf|ku|bawer|-dar}}.
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W+|ar|المؤمن}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|trustful}}, {{W+|en|believer}}, {{W+|en|surefire|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|inançlı}}
* {{Z|zza}}: {{W|zza|bawerkerdoğ}}, {{W|zza|bawermend}}
{{werger-bin}}
etkfr3vfduqtqsol73drusenti8jo4w
vêkxistin
0
442057
6236134
5663773
2026-05-27T02:49:49Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Navdêr */
6236134
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{guharto|ku|pêkxistin}}
b50a1sby8lazgydi20w6met57rph9ev
6236135
6236134
2026-05-27T02:50:52Z
Ghybu
1393
/* {{ziman|ku}} */
6236135
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Navdêr 1 ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{guharto|ku|pêkxistin}}
=== Navdêr 2 ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{guharto|ku|rêkxistin}}
83s4z6f6qhyhyuapyfvff9zec58mfza
Modul:ku-tewandin
828
628614
6236085
6236075
2026-05-26T16:13:44Z
Ghybu
1393
6236085
Scribunto
text/plain
-- Modula tewandina lêkerên kurmancî
local export = {}
-- Load irregular forms table
-- local irreg = require('Module:ku-tewandin/dijrêzik')
local langKu = require("Modul:languages").getByCode("ku")
local link = require('Module:links').language_link
local shallowCopy = require("Module:table/shallowCopy")
local deepCopy = require("Module:table/deepCopy")
-- =============================================================================
-- Pronouns in Kurmanji
-- =============================================================================
export.order = {"s1", "s2", "s3", "p1", "p2", "p3"}
export.pronouns = {
s1 = "ez", p1 = "em",
s2 = "tu", p2 = "hûn",
s3 = "ew", p3 = "ew"
}
export.obliquePronouns = {
s1 = "min", p1 = "me",
s2 = "te", p2 = "we",
s3 = "wê/wî", p3 = "wan"
}
export.agents = {
s1 = "te, wî/wê, we, wan", p1 = "te, wî/wê, we, wan",
s2 = "min, wî/wê, me, wan", p2 = "min, wî/wê, me, wan",
s3 = "min, te, wî/wê, me, we, wan", p3 = "min, te, wî/wê, me, we, wan"
}
-- Oblique pronoun (green)
export.obliquePronounsGreen = {
s1 = '<span style="color:green">min</span>',
s2 = '<span style="color:green">te</span>',
s3 = '<span style="color:green">wê/wî</span>',
p1 = '<span style="color:green">me</span>',
p2 = '<span style="color:green">we</span>',
p3 = '<span style="color:green">wan</span>'
}
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- 1) This function returns correct subject/agent pronoun, ergativity rule:
-- - Transitive verbs in past tenses → oblique pronoun (green) = agent
-- - All other cases → direct pronoun (no color) = subject
-- 2) Also add the subjunctive prefix "(bila)"
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
function export.conjPronouns(stemType, mode, isTransitive)
local pronouns = shallowCopy(export.pronouns)
-- Ergativity in kurdish: transitive verbs that are conjugated with the past tense stem are
-- conjugated according to the object, not the subject.
-- Therefore, to have an ergative construction,
-- the verb must be transitive and its stem must be the stem of the past tense.
local isErgative = isTransitive and (stemType == 'past')
-- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: "min", "te", ...
-- If it's not ergative, we use normal pronouns: "ez", "tu", ...
if isErgative then
pronouns = shallowCopy(export.obliquePronounsGreen)
end
-- For the subjunctive mood, we add "(bila)" at the beginning.
if mode == 'subjunctive' then
subjPrefix = '<span style="color:gray">(bila)</span>'
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
pronouns[pers] = subjPrefix .. ' ' .. pronouns[pers]
end
end
return pronouns
end
-- =============================================================================
-- VERBAL STRUCTURE IN THE INFINITIVE:
-- Verbs in the infinitive appear in three main forms:
-- 1) Simple verb (indivisible light verb):
-- - ex.: "kirin", "çûn", "xwarin", ...
-- 2) Verbs with preverbs (preverb + simple verb):
-- - ex.: "rakirin" (ra- + kirin), "çêkirin" (çê- + kirin), "vexwarin" (ve- + xwarin), ...
-- - Preverb verbs don't use the prefix "bi-" (ez ê rakim , ew ê rake , ...)
-- 3) Compound verbs, construction with non-verbal element (the noun is not attached to the verb):
-- - Left of the simple verb: "hez kirin" ("hez" + "kirin"), "li dar xistin" ("li dar" + "xistin"), ...
-- - Right of the simple verb: "kirin der" ("kirin" + "der"), "girtin ser xwe" ("girtin" + "ser xwe"), ...
-- - Compound verbs use the prefix "bi-" (ez ê hez bi-kim , ew ê hez bi-ke )
-- STRUCTURE: preSimpleVerb + spacing + simpleVerb + postSimpleVerb
-- EX. kirin: preSimpleVerb=''; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- rakirin: preSimpleVerb='ra'; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- hez kirin: preSimpleVerb='hez'; spacing=true; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- pev çûn: preSimpleVerb='pev'; spacing=true; simpleVerb='çûn'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- kirin der: preSimpleVerb=''; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='der'
-- WARNING: Conjugation can vary depending on the type of verb.
-- For example, in the future tense,the prefix "bi" is used for compound verbs,
-- but not for preverbal verbs, see the function that manages it "tenseClassification" table.
-- This table does not yet support the mixed case: a verb composed of a noun and a preverb verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
local struct
if (preSimpleVerb and preSimpleVerb ~= '' and not isCompoundVerb) then
struct = 'preverbVerb'
elseif isCompoundVerb then
struct = 'compoundVerb'
else
struct = 'simpleVerb'
end
return struct
end
-- ================================================================
-- INFLECTIONAL ENDINGS
-- Assigns verb inflectional endings (suffixes) to all tenses
-- ================================================================
local getEndings = {}
do
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Ending using present stem
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['present'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
else
ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='e', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
end
return ends
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Ind. preterite + ind. imperfect ending
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['past'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiouû]$') then
ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then
-- if self.name == 'indImperfect' then
-- -- special indicative ind. imperfect rule
-- ends = {s1='yam', s2='yayî', s3='ya', p1='yan', p2='yan', p3='yan'}
-- end
ends = {s1='m', s2='', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
else
ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
end
return ends
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Compound endings with auxiliary "bûn"
-- Inflectional endings are created by taking the different forms of the
-- verb "bûn" (with present stem "-b-" and past stem "-bû-") and
-- adding an "i-" prefix before them: "i-b-im", "i-bû-m", "i-bû-me", "i-bû-ma".
-- This "i-" varies according to the final letter of the verb stem.
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
local function normalize_i(stem)
local prfx_i = "i"
if mw.ustring.match(stem, "ya$") or
mw.ustring.match(stem, "[îû]$") then -- cf. karîn (-karî-)
prfx_i = ""
elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiou]$') then
prfx_i = "yi"
end
return prfx_i
end
getEndings['ibim'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bim", p1 = prfx_i .. "bin",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bin",
s3 = prfx_i .. "be", p3 = prfx_i .. "bin"
}
end
getEndings['ibûm'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bûm", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûn",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûn",
s3 = prfx_i .. "bû", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûn"
}
end
getEndings['ibûme'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bûme", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûne",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyiye", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûne",
s3 = prfx_i .. "bûye", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûne"
}
end
getEndings['ibûma'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bûma", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûna",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyayî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûna",
s3 = prfx_i .. "bûya", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûna"
}
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Ind. perfect ending.
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['ime'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
ends = {s1="me", s2="yî", s3="ye", p1="ne", p2="ne", p3="ne"}
else
ends = {s1="ime", s2="iyî", s3="iye", p1="ine", p2="ine", p3="ine"}
end
return ends
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Subj. Imperfect ending.
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['ama'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
-- The doublet in "-iyan" of verbs in -"în" (gerîn/-geriya-, kenîn/-keniya-, ...),
-- in the conditional and subjunctive moods, a doublet "yaya" appears; it's removed.
-- -yayayî → -yayî; -yaya → -ya
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '(ya)$') then
ends = {s1="ma", s2="yî", s3="", p1="na", p2="na", p3="na"}
elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
ends = {s1="ma", s2="yayî", s3="ya", p1="na", p2="na", p3="na"}
else
ends = {s1="ama", s2="ayî", s3="a", p1="ana", p2="ana", p3="ana"}
end
return ends
end
end
-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR PREVERBS: "bi-" and "di-"
-- There are two preverbs: "bi-" and "di-". These preverbs can change form
-- depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getPreverb = {}
do
getPreverb['bi'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local verbStruct = opts.verbStruct
local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi
-- Preverb verbs don't use the preverb "bi-": ra-kirin (ez ê rakim), ve-xwarin (ez ê vexwim) , ...
-- But compound verb and simple verbs use it: hez kirin (ez ê hez bi-kim), lê bigirin (ez ê lê bi-girim), ...
if (verbStruct == 'preverbVerb') then
return ''
end
if overrideBi then return overrideBi end
-- if irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] end
-- Modification of the preverbe "bi-" according to the last letter of the stem.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[aeêiîouû]') then
return 'b'
end
return 'bi'
end
getPreverb['di'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi
if overrideDi then return overrideDi end
-- if irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] end
-- Modification of the preverbe "di-" according to the last letter of the stem.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[ai]') then
return 'd'
end
-- Ex. hatin : stem = -ê- // ez têm
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[êî]') then
return 't'
end
return 'di'
end
end
-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR NEGATION PREFIXES: "na-" and "ne-"
-- There are two negation prefixes: "na-" and "ne-". These preverbs can change
-- form depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getNegPrefix = {}
do
getNegPrefix['na'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa
if overrideNa then return '<b>' .. overrideNa .. '</b>' end
-- if irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] end
-- Add sufix "-y" before certain vowels.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
return '<b>nay</b>'
end
-- Elision before stems beginning with "a-" (removal of the final "-e").
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
return '<b>n</b>'
end
-- Tîpa duyem "-a-" ye (k-a-rîn, z-a-nîn, ...)
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^%wa') then
return '<b>ni</b>'
end
return '<b>na</b>'
end
getNegPrefix['ne'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local tenseName = opts.tenseName
local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm
local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe
if overrideNe then return '<b>' .. overrideNe .. '</b>' end
-- if irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] end
local negPrefix = 'ne'
-- There are two forms of construction of the imperative,
-- one with the prefix "me-" and the other with the prefix "ne-".
if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then
negPrefix = (impNegForm == 2) and 'ne' or 'me'
end
-- Add sufix "-y" before certain vowels.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. 'y</b>'
end
-- Elision before stems beginning with "a-" (removal of the final "-e").
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
negPreFix = mw.ustring.sub(negPrefix, 1, -2)
return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. '</b>'
end
return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. '</b>'
end
end
-- =============================================================================
-- Standardization of the PREVERBAL PARTICLE
-- The proverbial particle "ê" is placed after the personal pronoun.
-- =============================================================================
-- If there are no verbal preparticles, return empty table.
local function getPreverbParticules(preverbParticle, typeStem, isTransitive)
if not preverbParticle then
return {s1='', s2='', s3='', p1='', p2='', p3=''}
end
if preverbParticle == 'ê' then
local isErgative = isTransitive and (typeStem == 'past')
-- When the personal pronoun ends in a vowel, a "y-" is added before "ê".
-- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: "min", "te", ...
if isErgative then
return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='yê/dê', p1='yê/dê', p2='yê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
else
return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='ê/dê', p1='ê/dê', p2='ê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
end
end
-- If the verbal preparticle is identical for all pronouns,
-- we create a table with the same value.
local preverbParticles = {}
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
preverbParticles[pers] = preverbParticle
end
return preverbParticles
end
-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING EACH VERB TENSE
-- This table lists, for each verb tense, what elements are required to form it:
-- - Verb conjugation is built by placing either the preverb "bi-" or "di-" before
-- the verb stem (past or present), followed by a personal ending.
-- - For the negative form, one of the prefixes "na-" or "ne-" is added as well.
-- - In some cases, a preverbal particle such as /ê/ or /dê/ is added before
-- the conjugated verb as well.
-- Not: - The "negPreverb" (preverb (bi-/di-) for negative tenses) parameter has a
-- value different from "nil" only for the Imperfect tense ("negPreverb=di").
-- - The parameter "negPrefix=na" is used only for the present indicative.
--
-- Preverb "di", used in: "indPresent"(present stem), "indImperfect"(past stem)
-- - Bo neyînî: pêşgira "di-" tenê di nav dema "IndImperfect" de tê bikaranîn.
-- Preverb "bi", used in: "indFuture"(present stem), "subPresent"(present stem),
-- "subImperfect"(past stem) = "condPresent"(past stem)
-- - The prefix "bi-" isn't used in negative forms.
--
-- Present stem, used in: "indPresent"(di)(na),
-- "indFuture"(bi)(ne) = "subPresent"(bi)(ne)
--
-- Past stem, used in: "indPreterite"(-)(ne), "indImperfect"(di)(ne), "indPluperfect"(-)(ne),
-- "indPerfect"(-)(ne), "indNCPluperfect"(-)(ne), "indFuturePerfect"(-)(ne),
-- "subPreterite"(-)(ne),
-- "subImperfect"(bi)(ne) = "condPresent"(bi)(ne),
-- "subPluperfect"(-)(ne) = "condPreterite"(-)(ne)
-- =============================================================================
-- Some conjugations are identical except that they differ only in the preverbal particle (/ê/, /dê/).
-- So, to avoid repeating the same information (and thus risking errors),
-- we establish the common part shared between these verbs.
local commonRules = {
indFuture = {
stem = "present",
preverb = getPreverb['bi'],
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['present']
},
indFuturePerfect = {
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibim']
},
subImperfect = {
stem = "past",
preverb = getPreverb['bi'],
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ama']
},
subPluperfect = {
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibûma']
}
}
local mt = {
__index = function(t, k)
local common = t._common
if common then return common[k] end
end
}
-- TENSE AND MOOD CLASSIFICATION TABLE
export.tenseClassification = {
-- IMPERATIVE MOOD
impPresent = setmetatable({
name = "impPresent",
nameKu = "raweya fermanî",
nameEn = "present imperative",
mode = "imperative",
_common = commonRules.indFuture,
preverbParticle = nil
}, mt),
-- INDICATIVE MOOD
indPresent = {
name = "indPresent",
nameKu = "dema niha",
nameEn = "present",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "present",
preverb = getPreverb['di'],
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['na'],
endings = getEndings['present'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indPreterite = {
name = "indPreterite",
nameKu = "raboriya sade",
nameEn = "simple past",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['past'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indImperfect = {
name = "indImperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya berdest",
nameEn = "Imperfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = getPreverb['di'],
negPreverb = getPreverb['di'],
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['past'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indPluperfect = {
name = "indPluperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya dûr",
nameEn = "pluperfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibûm'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indFuture = setmetatable({
name = "indFuture",
nameKu = "dema bê",
nameEn = "future",
mode = "indicative",
_common = commonRules.indFuture,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
indFuturePerfect = setmetatable({
name = "indFuturePerfect",
nameKu = "dahatiya pêş",
nameEn = "future perfect",
mode = "indicative",
_common = commonRules.indFuturePerfect,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
-- In some books, the "perfect" and "nonconfirmative pluperfect" tenses
-- are classified in the "inferential mood" ("moda neşahidî").
-- Currently we classify them using the indicative mood (at the end).
indPerfect = {
name = "indPerfect",
nameKu = "raboriya dûdar",
nameEn = "perfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ime'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indNCPluperfect = {
name = "indNCPluperfect",
nameKu = "çîrokiya boriya dûdar",
nameEn = "nonconfirmative pluperfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibûme'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
-- SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
subPresent = setmetatable({
name = "subPresent",
nameKu = "dema nihaya xwestekî",
nameEn = "present subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.indFuture,
preverbParticle = nil
}, mt),
subPreterite = setmetatable({
name = "subPreterite",
nameKu = "dema boriya xwestekî",
nameEn = "preterite subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.indFuturePerfect,
preverbParticle = nil,
}, mt),
subImperfect = setmetatable({
name = "subImperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya bilaniyê",
nameEn = "imperfect subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.subImperfect,
preverbParticle = nil,
}, mt),
subPluperfect = setmetatable({
name = "subPluperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya dûr a bilaniyê",
nameEn = "pluperfect subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.subPluperfect,
preverbParticle = nil
}, mt),
-- CONDITIONAL MOOD
condPresent = setmetatable({
name = "condPresent",
nameKu = "çîrokiya dema nihaya mercî",
nameEn = "present conditional",
mode = "conditional",
_common = commonRules.subImperfect,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
condPreterite = setmetatable({
name = "condPreterite",
nameKu = "dema boriya mercî",
nameEn = "preterite conditional",
mode = "conditional",
_common = commonRules.subPluperfect,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
}
-- =============================================================================
-- MAIN CONJUGATION FUNCTOIN
-- This function returns an array containing the conjugation table for a given
-- tense as well as other information about the conjugated verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugate(opts)
opts = opts or {}
-- Required parameters
local tense = opts.tense or error("'tense' required", 2)
--One of the two parameters is required:
-- - If the tense uses the present stem, indicate "presentStem".
-- - If it uses the past stem, indicate "pastStem".
local presentStem = opts.presentStem
local pastStem = opts.pastStem
-- Optional parameters
local isTransitive = opts.isTransitive or false -- Indicate if the verb is transitive (true/false)
local isNegative = opts.isNegative or false -- Indicate if it's the negative form (true/false)
local isCompoundVerb = opts.isCompoundVerb or false -- Indicate if it's a compound verb (true/false)
local preSimpleVerb = opts.preSimpleVerb or '' -- The part before the simple verb
local postSimpleVerb = opts.postSimpleVerb or '' -- The part after the simple verb
-- These parameters are provided when the verb is irregular.
-- Allows you to manually modify preverbs ("bi-"" or "di-")
-- and negation prefixes ("na-" or "ne-")
local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi or nil
local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi or nil
local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa or nil
local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe or nil
-- By default, the negation of the imperative is constructed from the prefix "me-"".
-- To obtain the second variant, the prefix with "ne-", you must specify "impNegForm=2".
local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm or nil
-- Access to the classification table and retrieval of verb tense parameters
local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') or false
-- We check that this tense is indeed in table "tenseClassification".
if (not infoTense) then
return '<span style="color:red">Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'</span>'
end
-- We check that one of the two parameters of the stem is given
if (infoTense.stem == 'present' and not presentStem) then
return '<span style="color:red">presentStem parameter required</span>'
elseif (infoTense.stem == 'past' and not pastStem) then
return '<span style="color:red">pasttStem parameter required</span>'
end
-- Choice between the present stem or past stem
local stem = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStem or pastStem
--────────────────────────────
-- Conjugation construction --
-- ───────────────────────────
local preverb = ''
local negPrefix = ''
-- Ruturns the verb type: "simpleVerb" or "preverbVerb" or "compoundVerb"
local verbStruct = export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
if isNegative then
negPrefix = infoTense.negPrefix{stem=stem, tenseName=tense,
impNegForm=impNegForm,
overrideNa=overrideNa, overrideNe=overrideNe}
if infoTense.negPreverb then
preverb = infoTense.negPreverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
end
else
if infoTense.preverb then
preverb = infoTense.preverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
end
end
infoTense.conj = {}
local spacing = isCompoundVerb and ' ' or ''
local endings = infoTense:endings(stem)
local preverbParticles = getPreverbParticules(infoTense.preverbParticle, infoTense.stem, isTransitive)
local isErgative = isTransitive and (infoTense.stem == 'past')
-- Creating the conjugation table for a given tense
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
local ending = ''
local conjSimbleVerb = ''
local conjVerb = ''
if isErgative then
ending = endings.s3
else
ending = endings[pers]
end
-- Adding space after the preverbal particle
local preverbParticle = preverbParticles[pers]
if preverbParticle ~= '' then
preverbParticle = preverbParticle .. ' '
end
conjSimbleVerb = negPrefix .. preverb .. stem .. ending
-- Adding prefixe and suffixe
conjVerb = preSimpleVerb .. spacing .. conjSimbleVerb .. postSimpleVerb
-- Spelling correction(îy -> iy)
conjVerb = mw.ustring.gsub(conjVerb, 'îy', 'iy')
-- Add a link
conjVerb = link{term=conjVerb, lang=langKu}
-- Addition of the preverbal particle
infoTense.conj[pers] = preverbParticle .. conjVerb
end
-- Imperative
if (infoTense.name == 'impPresent') then
infoTense.conj.s1 = nil
infoTense.conj.s2 = infoTense.conj.s3
infoTense.conj.s3 = nil
infoTense.conj.p1 = nil
--infoTense.conj.p2 = infoTense.conj.p2
infoTense.conj.p3 = nil
end
return infoTense
end
-- =============================================================================
-- END
-- =============================================================================
-- Some useful tools
-- =============================================================================
-- Returns the list of verb tenses
export.tensesList = function()
local list = {}
for _, tense in pairs(export.tenseClassification) do
table.insert(list, tense.name)
end
return list
end
-- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
-- (for a given conjugate tense in all persons of that tense)
function export.concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjVerbs)
local concatTab = {}
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
concatTab[pers] = pronoms[pers] .. ' ' .. conjVerbs[pers]
end
return concatTab
end
-- =============================================================================
-- ADDITIONAL STEM OF THE PAST AND PRESENT (pastStem2, ... and presentStem2, ...)
-- This function does nothing more than add additional parameters for verb stems
-- in the past and present tenses.
-- Conjugations for the different stems will be separated by "/"
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems)
local opts = baseOpts or {}
opts.tense = tense or nil
local presentStems = presentStems or {}
local pastStems = pastStems or {}
local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') or false
-- We check that this tense is indeed in table "tenseClassification".
if not infoTense then
return '<span style="color:red">Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'</span>'
end
local stems = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStems or pastStems
-- For each verb stem, its conjugation table is calculated and stored in conjTabs.
local conjTabs = {}
for i = 1, #stems do
if stems[i] then
if (infoTense.stem == 'past') then opts.pastStem = stems[i] end
if (infoTense.stem == 'present') then opts.presentStem = stems[i] end
local conj = export.conjugate(opts).conj
table.insert(conjTabs, conj)
end
end
-- We concatenate each row of the conjugation tables.
local concatConjTabs = {}
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
local frag = {}
for i = 1, #conjTabs do
local val = conjTabs[i][pers]
if val then table.insert(frag, tostring(val)) end
end
concatConjTabs[pers] = table.concat(frag, " / ")
end
infoTense.conj = concatConjTabs
return infoTense
end
-- ====================================================================================
-- VERB CONUGATION IN ALL TENSES WITH PRONOUMS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, negation, concatPrs)
local opts = baseOpts or {}
if negation == 'negative' then opts.isNegative = true end
-- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
local concatPronomsVerbs = export.concatPronomsVerbs
-- Tenses list
local tensesList = export.tensesList()
-- Conjugation in all tenses
local conjTab = {}
for _, tense in ipairs(tensesList) do
local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy')
-- We create the conjugation table without the pronouns.
conjTab[tense] = deepCopy(export.conjugateLong(opts, tense, presentStems, pastStems), 'copy')
-- We concatenate the pronouns and the verbs if "concatPrs" is different of "false"
-- (no pronoun for the imperative mood)
if (tense ~= 'impPresent' and concatPrs ~= false) then
local pronoms = deepCopy(export.conjPronouns(infoTense.stem, infoTense.mode, opts.isTransitive))
conjTab[tense].conj = concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjTab[tense].conj)
end
end
return conjTab
end
-- ====================================================================================
-- Allows you to obtain a given conjugation from a model.
-- Ex. in the template: {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=s1}}
-- See {{ku-tewîn-lk-niha}}
-- ====================================================================================
function export.tew(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local baseOpts = {
isNegative = frame.args['neyînî'] or false,
isTransitive = args['form'],
isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or nil,
postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil,
overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil,
overrideDi = args['di'] or nil,
overrideNa = args['na'] or nil,
overrideNe = args['na'] or nil,
impNegForm = nil
}
local tense = frame.args['dem'] or nil
local pers = frame.args['kes'] or nil
local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}
-- A few checks
if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = true
elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = false
else
return '<span style="color:red">form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz</span>'
end
if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
else
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
end
if (baseOpts.isNegative == 'erê') then
baseOpts.isNegative = true
end
local tabConj = export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems).conj
return tabConj[pers]
end
-- ====================================================================================
-- GET COMMMA SEPARED FORMS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.get_comma_separated_forms(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local opts = {
presentStem = frame.args['niha'],
pastStem = frame.args['borî'],
isTransitive = false,
isNegative = false,
isCompoundVerb = frame['valahî'] or false,
preSimpleVerb = frame['pêşgir'] or '',
postSimpleVerb = frame['paşgir'] or '',
overrideBi = frame['bi'] or nil,
overrideDi = frame['di'] or nil,
overrideNa = frame['na'] or nil,
overrideNe = frame['na'] or nil,
impNegForm = nil,
}
local function removeTags(tag)
tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '%[%[(.+)%|(.+)%]%]', '%2')
tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '<b>(.+)</b>', '%1')
tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '<span(.*)>(.*)</span>', '%2')
return tag
end
local function concateList(tenseList)
local concatList = {}
for _, pers in ipairs({"s1", "s2", "s3", "p1"}) do
tense = removeTags(tenseList[pers]) -- Remove tags
table.insert(concatList, tense)
end
return table.concat(concatList, ",")
end
local tenseList = {'indPresent','indPreterite','indImperfect',
'indPluperfect','indPerfect','indNCPluperfect',
'indFuture','indFuturePerfect',
'subImperfect','subPluperfect'
}
local concatAllTense = {}
for i = 1, #tenseList do
local tense = tenseList[i]
if export.tenseClassification[tense] then
opts.tense = tense
local conj = shallowCopy(export.conjugate(opts).conj)
local concatTense = concateList(conj)
table.insert(concatAllTense, concatTense)
end
end
return table.concat(concatAllTense, ",")
end
return export
57btkmr69o2mgkjt1bpbao9pve1yrpy
6236092
6236085
2026-05-26T20:19:33Z
Ghybu
1393
indNwPluperfect
6236092
Scribunto
text/plain
-- Modula tewandina lêkerên kurmancî
local export = {}
-- Load irregular forms table
-- local irreg = require('Module:ku-tewandin/dijrêzik')
local langKu = require("Modul:languages").getByCode("ku")
local link = require('Module:links').language_link
local shallowCopy = require("Module:table/shallowCopy")
local deepCopy = require("Module:table/deepCopy")
-- =============================================================================
-- Pronouns in Kurmanji
-- =============================================================================
export.order = {"s1", "s2", "s3", "p1", "p2", "p3"}
export.pronouns = {
s1 = "ez", p1 = "em",
s2 = "tu", p2 = "hûn",
s3 = "ew", p3 = "ew"
}
export.obliquePronouns = {
s1 = "min", p1 = "me",
s2 = "te", p2 = "we",
s3 = "wê/wî", p3 = "wan"
}
export.agents = {
s1 = "te, wî/wê, we, wan", p1 = "te, wî/wê, we, wan",
s2 = "min, wî/wê, me, wan", p2 = "min, wî/wê, me, wan",
s3 = "min, te, wî/wê, me, we, wan", p3 = "min, te, wî/wê, me, we, wan"
}
-- Oblique pronoun (green)
export.obliquePronounsGreen = {
s1 = '<span style="color:green">min</span>',
s2 = '<span style="color:green">te</span>',
s3 = '<span style="color:green">wê/wî</span>',
p1 = '<span style="color:green">me</span>',
p2 = '<span style="color:green">we</span>',
p3 = '<span style="color:green">wan</span>'
}
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- 1) This function returns correct subject/agent pronoun, ergativity rule:
-- - Transitive verbs in past tenses → oblique pronoun (green) = agent
-- - All other cases → direct pronoun (no color) = subject
-- 2) Also add the subjunctive prefix "(bila)"
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
function export.conjPronouns(stemType, mode, isTransitive)
local pronouns = shallowCopy(export.pronouns)
-- Ergativity in kurdish: transitive verbs that are conjugated with the past tense stem are
-- conjugated according to the object, not the subject.
-- Therefore, to have an ergative construction,
-- the verb must be transitive and its stem must be the stem of the past tense.
local isErgative = isTransitive and (stemType == 'past')
-- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: "min", "te", ...
-- If it's not ergative, we use normal pronouns: "ez", "tu", ...
if isErgative then
pronouns = shallowCopy(export.obliquePronounsGreen)
end
-- For the subjunctive mood, we add "(bila)" at the beginning.
if mode == 'subjunctive' then
subjPrefix = '<span style="color:gray">(bila)</span>'
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
pronouns[pers] = subjPrefix .. ' ' .. pronouns[pers]
end
end
return pronouns
end
-- =============================================================================
-- VERBAL STRUCTURE IN THE INFINITIVE:
-- Verbs in the infinitive appear in three main forms:
-- 1) Simple verb (indivisible light verb):
-- - ex.: "kirin", "çûn", "xwarin", ...
-- 2) Verbs with preverbs (preverb + simple verb):
-- - ex.: "rakirin" (ra- + kirin), "çêkirin" (çê- + kirin), "vexwarin" (ve- + xwarin), ...
-- - Preverb verbs don't use the prefix "bi-" (ez ê rakim , ew ê rake , ...)
-- 3) Compound verbs, construction with non-verbal element (the noun is not attached to the verb):
-- - Left of the simple verb: "hez kirin" ("hez" + "kirin"), "li dar xistin" ("li dar" + "xistin"), ...
-- - Right of the simple verb: "kirin der" ("kirin" + "der"), "girtin ser xwe" ("girtin" + "ser xwe"), ...
-- - Compound verbs use the prefix "bi-" (ez ê hez bi-kim , ew ê hez bi-ke )
-- STRUCTURE: preSimpleVerb + spacing + simpleVerb + postSimpleVerb
-- EX. kirin: preSimpleVerb=''; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- rakirin: preSimpleVerb='ra'; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- hez kirin: preSimpleVerb='hez'; spacing=true; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- pev çûn: preSimpleVerb='pev'; spacing=true; simpleVerb='çûn'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- kirin der: preSimpleVerb=''; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='der'
-- WARNING: Conjugation can vary depending on the type of verb.
-- For example, in the future tense,the prefix "bi" is used for compound verbs,
-- but not for preverbal verbs, see the function that manages it "tenseClassification" table.
-- This table does not yet support the mixed case: a verb composed of a noun and a preverb verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
local struct
if (preSimpleVerb and preSimpleVerb ~= '' and not isCompoundVerb) then
struct = 'preverbVerb'
elseif isCompoundVerb then
struct = 'compoundVerb'
else
struct = 'simpleVerb'
end
return struct
end
-- ================================================================
-- INFLECTIONAL ENDINGS
-- Assigns verb inflectional endings (suffixes) to all tenses
-- ================================================================
local getEndings = {}
do
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Ending using present stem
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['present'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
else
ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='e', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
end
return ends
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Ind. preterite + ind. imperfect ending
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['past'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiouû]$') then
ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then
-- if self.name == 'indImperfect' then
-- -- special indicative ind. imperfect rule
-- ends = {s1='yam', s2='yayî', s3='ya', p1='yan', p2='yan', p3='yan'}
-- end
ends = {s1='m', s2='', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
else
ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
end
return ends
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Compound endings with auxiliary "bûn"
-- Inflectional endings are created by taking the different forms of the
-- verb "bûn" (with present stem "-b-" and past stem "-bû-") and
-- adding an "i-" prefix before them: "i-b-im", "i-bû-m", "i-bû-me", "i-bû-ma".
-- This "i-" varies according to the final letter of the verb stem.
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
local function normalize_i(stem)
local prfx_i = "i"
if mw.ustring.match(stem, "ya$") or
mw.ustring.match(stem, "[îû]$") then -- cf. karîn (-karî-)
prfx_i = ""
elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiou]$') then
prfx_i = "yi"
end
return prfx_i
end
getEndings['ibim'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bim", p1 = prfx_i .. "bin",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bin",
s3 = prfx_i .. "be", p3 = prfx_i .. "bin"
}
end
getEndings['ibûm'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bûm", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûn",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûn",
s3 = prfx_i .. "bû", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûn"
}
end
getEndings['ibûme'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bûme", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûne",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyiye", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûne",
s3 = prfx_i .. "bûye", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûne"
}
end
getEndings['ibûma'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bûma", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûna",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyayî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûna",
s3 = prfx_i .. "bûya", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûna"
}
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Ind. perfect ending.
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['ime'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
ends = {s1="me", s2="yî", s3="ye", p1="ne", p2="ne", p3="ne"}
else
ends = {s1="ime", s2="iyî", s3="iye", p1="ine", p2="ine", p3="ine"}
end
return ends
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Subj. Imperfect ending.
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['ama'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
-- The doublet in "-iyan" of verbs in -"în" (gerîn/-geriya-, kenîn/-keniya-, ...),
-- in the conditional and subjunctive moods, a doublet "yaya" appears; it's removed.
-- -yayayî → -yayî; -yaya → -ya
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '(ya)$') then
ends = {s1="ma", s2="yî", s3="", p1="na", p2="na", p3="na"}
elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
ends = {s1="ma", s2="yayî", s3="ya", p1="na", p2="na", p3="na"}
else
ends = {s1="ama", s2="ayî", s3="a", p1="ana", p2="ana", p3="ana"}
end
return ends
end
end
-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR PREVERBS: "bi-" and "di-"
-- There are two preverbs: "bi-" and "di-". These preverbs can change form
-- depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getPreverb = {}
do
getPreverb['bi'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local verbStruct = opts.verbStruct
local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi
-- Preverb verbs don't use the preverb "bi-": ra-kirin (ez ê rakim), ve-xwarin (ez ê vexwim) , ...
-- But compound verb and simple verbs use it: hez kirin (ez ê hez bi-kim), lê bigirin (ez ê lê bi-girim), ...
if (verbStruct == 'preverbVerb') then
return ''
end
if overrideBi then return overrideBi end
-- if irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] end
-- Modification of the preverbe "bi-" according to the last letter of the stem.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[aeêiîouû]') then
return 'b'
end
return 'bi'
end
getPreverb['di'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi
if overrideDi then return overrideDi end
-- if irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] end
-- Modification of the preverbe "di-" according to the last letter of the stem.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[ai]') then
return 'd'
end
-- Ex. hatin : stem = -ê- // ez têm
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[êî]') then
return 't'
end
return 'di'
end
end
-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR NEGATION PREFIXES: "na-" and "ne-"
-- There are two negation prefixes: "na-" and "ne-". These preverbs can change
-- form depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getNegPrefix = {}
do
getNegPrefix['na'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa
if overrideNa then return '<b>' .. overrideNa .. '</b>' end
-- if irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] end
-- Add sufix "-y" before certain vowels.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
return '<b>nay</b>'
end
-- Elision before stems beginning with "a-" (removal of the final "-e").
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
return '<b>n</b>'
end
-- Tîpa duyem "-a-" ye (k-a-rîn, z-a-nîn, ...)
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^%wa') then
return '<b>ni</b>'
end
return '<b>na</b>'
end
getNegPrefix['ne'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local tenseName = opts.tenseName
local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm
local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe
if overrideNe then return '<b>' .. overrideNe .. '</b>' end
-- if irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] end
local negPrefix = 'ne'
-- There are two forms of construction of the imperative,
-- one with the prefix "me-" and the other with the prefix "ne-".
if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then
negPrefix = (impNegForm == 2) and 'ne' or 'me'
end
-- Add sufix "-y" before certain vowels.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. 'y</b>'
end
-- Elision before stems beginning with "a-" (removal of the final "-e").
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
negPreFix = mw.ustring.sub(negPrefix, 1, -2)
return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. '</b>'
end
return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. '</b>'
end
end
-- =============================================================================
-- Standardization of the PREVERBAL PARTICLE
-- The proverbial particle "ê" is placed after the personal pronoun.
-- =============================================================================
-- If there are no verbal preparticles, return empty table.
local function getPreverbParticules(preverbParticle, typeStem, isTransitive)
if not preverbParticle then
return {s1='', s2='', s3='', p1='', p2='', p3=''}
end
if preverbParticle == 'ê' then
local isErgative = isTransitive and (typeStem == 'past')
-- When the personal pronoun ends in a vowel, a "y-" is added before "ê".
-- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: "min", "te", ...
if isErgative then
return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='yê/dê', p1='yê/dê', p2='yê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
else
return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='ê/dê', p1='ê/dê', p2='ê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
end
end
-- If the verbal preparticle is identical for all pronouns,
-- we create a table with the same value.
local preverbParticles = {}
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
preverbParticles[pers] = preverbParticle
end
return preverbParticles
end
-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING EACH VERB TENSE
-- This table lists, for each verb tense, what elements are required to form it:
-- - Verb conjugation is built by placing either the preverb "bi-" or "di-" before
-- the verb stem (past or present), followed by a personal ending.
-- - For the negative form, one of the prefixes "na-" or "ne-" is added as well.
-- - In some cases, a preverbal particle such as /ê/ or /dê/ is added before
-- the conjugated verb as well.
-- Not: - The "negPreverb" (preverb (bi-/di-) for negative tenses) parameter has a
-- value different from "nil" only for the Imperfect tense ("negPreverb=di").
-- - The parameter "negPrefix=na" is used only for the present indicative.
--
-- Preverb "di", used in: "indPresent"(present stem), "indImperfect"(past stem)
-- - Bo neyînî: pêşgira "di-" tenê di nav dema "IndImperfect" de tê bikaranîn.
-- Preverb "bi", used in: "indFuture"(present stem), "subPresent"(present stem),
-- "subImperfect"(past stem) = "condPresent"(past stem)
-- - The prefix "bi-" isn't used in negative forms.
--
-- Present stem, used in: "indPresent"(di)(na),
-- "indFuture"(bi)(ne) = "subPresent"(bi)(ne)
--
-- Past stem, used in: "indPreterite"(-)(ne), "indImperfect"(di)(ne), "indPluperfect"(-)(ne),
-- "indPerfect"(-)(ne), "indNwPluperfect"(-)(ne), "indFuturePerfect"(-)(ne),
-- "subPreterite"(-)(ne),
-- "subImperfect"(bi)(ne) = "condPresent"(bi)(ne),
-- "subPluperfect"(-)(ne) = "condPreterite"(-)(ne)
-- =============================================================================
-- Some conjugations are identical except that they differ only in the preverbal particle (/ê/, /dê/).
-- So, to avoid repeating the same information (and thus risking errors),
-- we establish the common part shared between these verbs.
local commonRules = {
indFuture = {
stem = "present",
preverb = getPreverb['bi'],
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['present']
},
indFuturePerfect = {
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibim']
},
subImperfect = {
stem = "past",
preverb = getPreverb['bi'],
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ama']
},
subPluperfect = {
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibûma']
}
}
local mt = {
__index = function(t, k)
local common = t._common
if common then return common[k] end
end
}
-- TENSE AND MOOD CLASSIFICATION TABLE
export.tenseClassification = {
-- IMPERATIVE MOOD
impPresent = setmetatable({
name = "impPresent",
nameKu = "raweya fermanî",
nameEn = "present imperative",
mode = "imperative",
_common = commonRules.indFuture,
preverbParticle = nil
}, mt),
-- INDICATIVE MOOD
indPresent = {
name = "indPresent",
nameKu = "dema niha",
nameEn = "present",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "present",
preverb = getPreverb['di'],
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['na'],
endings = getEndings['present'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indPreterite = {
name = "indPreterite",
nameKu = "raboriya sade",
nameEn = "simple past",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['past'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indImperfect = {
name = "indImperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya berdest",
nameEn = "Imperfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = getPreverb['di'],
negPreverb = getPreverb['di'],
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['past'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indPluperfect = {
name = "indPluperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya dûr",
nameEn = "pluperfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibûm'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indFuture = setmetatable({
name = "indFuture",
nameKu = "dema bê",
nameEn = "future",
mode = "indicative",
_common = commonRules.indFuture,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
indFuturePerfect = setmetatable({
name = "indFuturePerfect",
nameKu = "dahatiya pêş",
nameEn = "future perfect",
mode = "indicative",
_common = commonRules.indFuturePerfect,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
-- In some books, the "perfect" and "nonconfirmative pluperfect" tenses
-- are classified in the "inferential mood" ("moda neşahidî").
-- Currently we classify them using the indicative mood (at the end).
indPerfect = {
name = "indPerfect",
nameKu = "raboriya dûdar",
nameEn = "perfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ime'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indNwPluperfect = {
name = "indNwPluperfect",
nameKu = "çîrokiya boriya dûdar",
nameEn = "non-witnessed pluperfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibûme'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
-- SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
subPresent = setmetatable({
name = "subPresent",
nameKu = "dema nihaya xwestekî",
nameEn = "present subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.indFuture,
preverbParticle = nil
}, mt),
subPreterite = setmetatable({
name = "subPreterite",
nameKu = "dema boriya xwestekî",
nameEn = "preterite subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.indFuturePerfect,
preverbParticle = nil,
}, mt),
subImperfect = setmetatable({
name = "subImperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya bilaniyê",
nameEn = "imperfect subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.subImperfect,
preverbParticle = nil,
}, mt),
subPluperfect = setmetatable({
name = "subPluperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya dûr a bilaniyê",
nameEn = "pluperfect subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.subPluperfect,
preverbParticle = nil
}, mt),
-- CONDITIONAL MOOD
condPresent = setmetatable({
name = "condPresent",
nameKu = "çîrokiya dema nihaya mercî",
nameEn = "present conditional",
mode = "conditional",
_common = commonRules.subImperfect,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
condPreterite = setmetatable({
name = "condPreterite",
nameKu = "dema boriya mercî",
nameEn = "preterite conditional",
mode = "conditional",
_common = commonRules.subPluperfect,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
}
-- =============================================================================
-- MAIN CONJUGATION FUNCTOIN
-- This function returns an array containing the conjugation table for a given
-- tense as well as other information about the conjugated verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugate(opts)
opts = opts or {}
-- Required parameters
local tense = opts.tense or error("'tense' required", 2)
--One of the two parameters is required:
-- - If the tense uses the present stem, indicate "presentStem".
-- - If it uses the past stem, indicate "pastStem".
local presentStem = opts.presentStem
local pastStem = opts.pastStem
-- Optional parameters
local isTransitive = opts.isTransitive or false -- Indicate if the verb is transitive (true/false)
local isNegative = opts.isNegative or false -- Indicate if it's the negative form (true/false)
local isCompoundVerb = opts.isCompoundVerb or false -- Indicate if it's a compound verb (true/false)
local preSimpleVerb = opts.preSimpleVerb or '' -- The part before the simple verb
local postSimpleVerb = opts.postSimpleVerb or '' -- The part after the simple verb
-- These parameters are provided when the verb is irregular.
-- Allows you to manually modify preverbs ("bi-"" or "di-")
-- and negation prefixes ("na-" or "ne-")
local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi or nil
local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi or nil
local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa or nil
local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe or nil
-- By default, the negation of the imperative is constructed from the prefix "me-"".
-- To obtain the second variant, the prefix with "ne-", you must specify "impNegForm=2".
local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm or nil
-- Access to the classification table and retrieval of verb tense parameters
local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') or false
-- We check that this tense is indeed in table "tenseClassification".
if (not infoTense) then
return '<span style="color:red">Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'</span>'
end
-- We check that one of the two parameters of the stem is given
if (infoTense.stem == 'present' and not presentStem) then
return '<span style="color:red">presentStem parameter required</span>'
elseif (infoTense.stem == 'past' and not pastStem) then
return '<span style="color:red">pasttStem parameter required</span>'
end
-- Choice between the present stem or past stem
local stem = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStem or pastStem
--────────────────────────────
-- Conjugation construction --
-- ───────────────────────────
local preverb = ''
local negPrefix = ''
-- Ruturns the verb type: "simpleVerb" or "preverbVerb" or "compoundVerb"
local verbStruct = export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
if isNegative then
negPrefix = infoTense.negPrefix{stem=stem, tenseName=tense,
impNegForm=impNegForm,
overrideNa=overrideNa, overrideNe=overrideNe}
if infoTense.negPreverb then
preverb = infoTense.negPreverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
end
else
if infoTense.preverb then
preverb = infoTense.preverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
end
end
infoTense.conj = {}
local spacing = isCompoundVerb and ' ' or ''
local endings = infoTense:endings(stem)
local preverbParticles = getPreverbParticules(infoTense.preverbParticle, infoTense.stem, isTransitive)
local isErgative = isTransitive and (infoTense.stem == 'past')
-- Creating the conjugation table for a given tense
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
local ending = ''
local conjSimbleVerb = ''
local conjVerb = ''
if isErgative then
ending = endings.s3
else
ending = endings[pers]
end
-- Adding space after the preverbal particle
local preverbParticle = preverbParticles[pers]
if preverbParticle ~= '' then
preverbParticle = preverbParticle .. ' '
end
conjSimbleVerb = negPrefix .. preverb .. stem .. ending
-- Adding prefixe and suffixe
conjVerb = preSimpleVerb .. spacing .. conjSimbleVerb .. postSimpleVerb
-- Spelling correction(îy -> iy)
conjVerb = mw.ustring.gsub(conjVerb, 'îy', 'iy')
-- Add a link
conjVerb = link{term=conjVerb, lang=langKu}
-- Addition of the preverbal particle
infoTense.conj[pers] = preverbParticle .. conjVerb
end
-- Imperative
if (infoTense.name == 'impPresent') then
infoTense.conj.s1 = nil
infoTense.conj.s2 = infoTense.conj.s3
infoTense.conj.s3 = nil
infoTense.conj.p1 = nil
--infoTense.conj.p2 = infoTense.conj.p2
infoTense.conj.p3 = nil
end
return infoTense
end
-- =============================================================================
-- END
-- =============================================================================
-- Some useful tools
-- =============================================================================
-- Returns the list of verb tenses
export.tensesList = function()
local list = {}
for _, tense in pairs(export.tenseClassification) do
table.insert(list, tense.name)
end
return list
end
-- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
-- (for a given conjugate tense in all persons of that tense)
function export.concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjVerbs)
local concatTab = {}
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
concatTab[pers] = pronoms[pers] .. ' ' .. conjVerbs[pers]
end
return concatTab
end
-- =============================================================================
-- ADDITIONAL STEM OF THE PAST AND PRESENT (pastStem2, ... and presentStem2, ...)
-- This function does nothing more than add additional parameters for verb stems
-- in the past and present tenses.
-- Conjugations for the different stems will be separated by "/"
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems)
local opts = baseOpts or {}
opts.tense = tense or nil
local presentStems = presentStems or {}
local pastStems = pastStems or {}
local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') or false
-- We check that this tense is indeed in table "tenseClassification".
if not infoTense then
return '<span style="color:red">Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'</span>'
end
local stems = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStems or pastStems
-- For each verb stem, its conjugation table is calculated and stored in conjTabs.
local conjTabs = {}
for i = 1, #stems do
if stems[i] then
if (infoTense.stem == 'past') then opts.pastStem = stems[i] end
if (infoTense.stem == 'present') then opts.presentStem = stems[i] end
local conj = export.conjugate(opts).conj
table.insert(conjTabs, conj)
end
end
-- We concatenate each row of the conjugation tables.
local concatConjTabs = {}
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
local frag = {}
for i = 1, #conjTabs do
local val = conjTabs[i][pers]
if val then table.insert(frag, tostring(val)) end
end
concatConjTabs[pers] = table.concat(frag, " / ")
end
infoTense.conj = concatConjTabs
return infoTense
end
-- ====================================================================================
-- VERB CONUGATION IN ALL TENSES WITH PRONOUMS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, negation, concatPrs)
local opts = baseOpts or {}
if negation == 'negative' then opts.isNegative = true end
-- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
local concatPronomsVerbs = export.concatPronomsVerbs
-- Tenses list
local tensesList = export.tensesList()
-- Conjugation in all tenses
local conjTab = {}
for _, tense in ipairs(tensesList) do
local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy')
-- We create the conjugation table without the pronouns.
conjTab[tense] = deepCopy(export.conjugateLong(opts, tense, presentStems, pastStems), 'copy')
-- We concatenate the pronouns and the verbs if "concatPrs" is different of "false"
-- (no pronoun for the imperative mood)
if (tense ~= 'impPresent' and concatPrs ~= false) then
local pronoms = deepCopy(export.conjPronouns(infoTense.stem, infoTense.mode, opts.isTransitive))
conjTab[tense].conj = concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjTab[tense].conj)
end
end
return conjTab
end
-- ====================================================================================
-- Allows you to obtain a given conjugation from a model.
-- Ex. in the template: {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=s1}}
-- See {{ku-tewîn-lk-niha}}
-- ====================================================================================
function export.tew(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local baseOpts = {
isNegative = frame.args['neyînî'] or false,
isTransitive = args['form'],
isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or nil,
postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil,
overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil,
overrideDi = args['di'] or nil,
overrideNa = args['na'] or nil,
overrideNe = args['na'] or nil,
impNegForm = nil
}
local tense = frame.args['dem'] or nil
local pers = frame.args['kes'] or nil
local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}
-- A few checks
if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = true
elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = false
else
return '<span style="color:red">form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz</span>'
end
if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
else
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
end
if (baseOpts.isNegative == 'erê') then
baseOpts.isNegative = true
end
local tabConj = export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems).conj
return tabConj[pers]
end
-- ====================================================================================
-- GET COMMMA SEPARED FORMS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.get_comma_separated_forms(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local opts = {
presentStem = frame.args['niha'],
pastStem = frame.args['borî'],
isTransitive = false,
isNegative = false,
isCompoundVerb = frame['valahî'] or false,
preSimpleVerb = frame['pêşgir'] or '',
postSimpleVerb = frame['paşgir'] or '',
overrideBi = frame['bi'] or nil,
overrideDi = frame['di'] or nil,
overrideNa = frame['na'] or nil,
overrideNe = frame['na'] or nil,
impNegForm = nil,
}
local function removeTags(tag)
tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '%[%[(.+)%|(.+)%]%]', '%2')
tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '<b>(.+)</b>', '%1')
tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '<span(.*)>(.*)</span>', '%2')
return tag
end
local function concateList(tenseList)
local concatList = {}
for _, pers in ipairs({"s1", "s2", "s3", "p1"}) do
tense = removeTags(tenseList[pers]) -- Remove tags
table.insert(concatList, tense)
end
return table.concat(concatList, ",")
end
local tenseList = {'indPresent','indPreterite','indImperfect',
'indPluperfect','indPerfect','indNwPluperfect',
'indFuture','indFuturePerfect',
'subImperfect','subPluperfect'
}
local concatAllTense = {}
for i = 1, #tenseList do
local tense = tenseList[i]
if export.tenseClassification[tense] then
opts.tense = tense
local conj = shallowCopy(export.conjugate(opts).conj)
local concatTense = concateList(conj)
table.insert(concatAllTense, concatTense)
end
end
return table.concat(concatAllTense, ",")
end
return export
2zn1ptuc451uztnw7uh5y18d0aj8odz
6236179
6236092
2026-05-27T06:17:13Z
Ghybu
1393
sub. --> subj.
6236179
Scribunto
text/plain
-- Modula tewandina lêkerên kurmancî
local export = {}
-- Load irregular forms table
-- local irreg = require('Module:ku-tewandin/dijrêzik')
local langKu = require("Modul:languages").getByCode("ku")
local link = require('Module:links').language_link
local shallowCopy = require("Module:table/shallowCopy")
local deepCopy = require("Module:table/deepCopy")
-- =============================================================================
-- Pronouns in Kurmanji
-- =============================================================================
export.order = {"s1", "s2", "s3", "p1", "p2", "p3"}
export.pronouns = {
s1 = "ez", p1 = "em",
s2 = "tu", p2 = "hûn",
s3 = "ew", p3 = "ew"
}
export.obliquePronouns = {
s1 = "min", p1 = "me",
s2 = "te", p2 = "we",
s3 = "wê/wî", p3 = "wan"
}
export.agents = {
s1 = "te, wî/wê, we, wan", p1 = "te, wî/wê, we, wan",
s2 = "min, wî/wê, me, wan", p2 = "min, wî/wê, me, wan",
s3 = "min, te, wî/wê, me, we, wan", p3 = "min, te, wî/wê, me, we, wan"
}
-- Oblique pronoun (green)
export.obliquePronounsGreen = {
s1 = '<span style="color:green">min</span>',
s2 = '<span style="color:green">te</span>',
s3 = '<span style="color:green">wê/wî</span>',
p1 = '<span style="color:green">me</span>',
p2 = '<span style="color:green">we</span>',
p3 = '<span style="color:green">wan</span>'
}
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- 1) This function returns correct subject/agent pronoun, ergativity rule:
-- - Transitive verbs in past tenses → oblique pronoun (green) = agent
-- - All other cases → direct pronoun (no color) = subject
-- 2) Also add the subjunctive prefix "(bila)"
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
function export.conjPronouns(stemType, mode, isTransitive)
local pronouns = shallowCopy(export.pronouns)
-- Ergativity in kurdish: transitive verbs that are conjugated with the past tense stem are
-- conjugated according to the object, not the subject.
-- Therefore, to have an ergative construction,
-- the verb must be transitive and its stem must be the stem of the past tense.
local isErgative = isTransitive and (stemType == 'past')
-- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: "min", "te", ...
-- If it's not ergative, we use normal pronouns: "ez", "tu", ...
if isErgative then
pronouns = shallowCopy(export.obliquePronounsGreen)
end
-- For the subjunctive mood, we add "(bila)" at the beginning.
if mode == 'subjunctive' then
subjPrefix = '<span style="color:gray">(bila)</span>'
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
pronouns[pers] = subjPrefix .. ' ' .. pronouns[pers]
end
end
return pronouns
end
-- =============================================================================
-- VERBAL STRUCTURE IN THE INFINITIVE:
-- Verbs in the infinitive appear in three main forms:
-- 1) Simple verb (indivisible light verb):
-- - ex.: "kirin", "çûn", "xwarin", ...
-- 2) Verbs with preverbs (preverb + simple verb):
-- - ex.: "rakirin" (ra- + kirin), "çêkirin" (çê- + kirin), "vexwarin" (ve- + xwarin), ...
-- - Preverb verbs don't use the prefix "bi-" (ez ê rakim , ew ê rake , ...)
-- 3) Compound verbs, construction with non-verbal element (the noun is not attached to the verb):
-- - Left of the simple verb: "hez kirin" ("hez" + "kirin"), "li dar xistin" ("li dar" + "xistin"), ...
-- - Right of the simple verb: "kirin der" ("kirin" + "der"), "girtin ser xwe" ("girtin" + "ser xwe"), ...
-- - Compound verbs use the prefix "bi-" (ez ê hez bi-kim , ew ê hez bi-ke )
-- STRUCTURE: preSimpleVerb + spacing + simpleVerb + postSimpleVerb
-- EX. kirin: preSimpleVerb=''; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- rakirin: preSimpleVerb='ra'; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- hez kirin: preSimpleVerb='hez'; spacing=true; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- pev çûn: preSimpleVerb='pev'; spacing=true; simpleVerb='çûn'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- kirin der: preSimpleVerb=''; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='der'
-- WARNING: Conjugation can vary depending on the type of verb.
-- For example, in the future tense,the prefix "bi" is used for compound verbs,
-- but not for preverbal verbs, see the function that manages it "tenseClassification" table.
-- This table does not yet support the mixed case: a verb composed of a noun and a preverb verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
local struct
if (preSimpleVerb and preSimpleVerb ~= '' and not isCompoundVerb) then
struct = 'preverbVerb'
elseif isCompoundVerb then
struct = 'compoundVerb'
else
struct = 'simpleVerb'
end
return struct
end
-- ================================================================
-- INFLECTIONAL ENDINGS
-- Assigns verb inflectional endings (suffixes) to all tenses
-- ================================================================
local getEndings = {}
do
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Ending using present stem
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['present'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
else
ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='e', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
end
return ends
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Ind. preterite + ind. imperfect ending
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['past'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiouû]$') then
ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then
-- if self.name == 'indImperfect' then
-- -- special indicative ind. imperfect rule
-- ends = {s1='yam', s2='yayî', s3='ya', p1='yan', p2='yan', p3='yan'}
-- end
ends = {s1='m', s2='', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
else
ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
end
return ends
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Compound endings with auxiliary "bûn"
-- Inflectional endings are created by taking the different forms of the
-- verb "bûn" (with present stem "-b-" and past stem "-bû-") and
-- adding an "i-" prefix before them: "i-b-im", "i-bû-m", "i-bû-me", "i-bû-ma".
-- This "i-" varies according to the final letter of the verb stem.
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
local function normalize_i(stem)
local prfx_i = "i"
if mw.ustring.match(stem, "ya$") or
mw.ustring.match(stem, "[îû]$") then -- cf. karîn (-karî-)
prfx_i = ""
elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiou]$') then
prfx_i = "yi"
end
return prfx_i
end
getEndings['ibim'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bim", p1 = prfx_i .. "bin",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bin",
s3 = prfx_i .. "be", p3 = prfx_i .. "bin"
}
end
getEndings['ibûm'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bûm", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûn",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûn",
s3 = prfx_i .. "bû", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûn"
}
end
getEndings['ibûme'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bûme", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûne",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyiye", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûne",
s3 = prfx_i .. "bûye", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûne"
}
end
getEndings['ibûma'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bûma", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûna",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyayî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûna",
s3 = prfx_i .. "bûya", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûna"
}
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Ind. perfect ending.
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['ime'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
ends = {s1="me", s2="yî", s3="ye", p1="ne", p2="ne", p3="ne"}
else
ends = {s1="ime", s2="iyî", s3="iye", p1="ine", p2="ine", p3="ine"}
end
return ends
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Subj. Imperfect ending.
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['ama'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
-- The doublet in "-iyan" of verbs in -"în" (gerîn/-geriya-, kenîn/-keniya-, ...),
-- in the conditional and subjunctive moods, a doublet "yaya" appears; it's removed.
-- -yayayî → -yayî; -yaya → -ya
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '(ya)$') then
ends = {s1="ma", s2="yî", s3="", p1="na", p2="na", p3="na"}
elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
ends = {s1="ma", s2="yayî", s3="ya", p1="na", p2="na", p3="na"}
else
ends = {s1="ama", s2="ayî", s3="a", p1="ana", p2="ana", p3="ana"}
end
return ends
end
end
-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR PREVERBS: "bi-" and "di-"
-- There are two preverbs: "bi-" and "di-". These preverbs can change form
-- depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getPreverb = {}
do
getPreverb['bi'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local verbStruct = opts.verbStruct
local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi
-- Preverb verbs don't use the preverb "bi-": ra-kirin (ez ê rakim), ve-xwarin (ez ê vexwim) , ...
-- But compound verb and simple verbs use it: hez kirin (ez ê hez bi-kim), lê bigirin (ez ê lê bi-girim), ...
if (verbStruct == 'preverbVerb') then
return ''
end
if overrideBi then return overrideBi end
-- if irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] end
-- Modification of the preverbe "bi-" according to the last letter of the stem.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[aeêiîouû]') then
return 'b'
end
return 'bi'
end
getPreverb['di'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi
if overrideDi then return overrideDi end
-- if irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] end
-- Modification of the preverbe "di-" according to the last letter of the stem.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[ai]') then
return 'd'
end
-- Ex. hatin : stem = -ê- // ez têm
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[êî]') then
return 't'
end
return 'di'
end
end
-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR NEGATION PREFIXES: "na-" and "ne-"
-- There are two negation prefixes: "na-" and "ne-". These preverbs can change
-- form depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getNegPrefix = {}
do
getNegPrefix['na'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa
if overrideNa then return '<b>' .. overrideNa .. '</b>' end
-- if irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] end
-- Add sufix "-y" before certain vowels.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
return '<b>nay</b>'
end
-- Elision before stems beginning with "a-" (removal of the final "-e").
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
return '<b>n</b>'
end
-- Tîpa duyem "-a-" ye (k-a-rîn, z-a-nîn, ...)
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^%wa') then
return '<b>ni</b>'
end
return '<b>na</b>'
end
getNegPrefix['ne'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local tenseName = opts.tenseName
local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm
local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe
if overrideNe then return '<b>' .. overrideNe .. '</b>' end
-- if irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] end
local negPrefix = 'ne'
-- There are two forms of construction of the imperative,
-- one with the prefix "me-" and the other with the prefix "ne-".
if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then
negPrefix = (impNegForm == 2) and 'ne' or 'me'
end
-- Add sufix "-y" before certain vowels.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. 'y</b>'
end
-- Elision before stems beginning with "a-" (removal of the final "-e").
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
negPreFix = mw.ustring.sub(negPrefix, 1, -2)
return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. '</b>'
end
return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. '</b>'
end
end
-- =============================================================================
-- Standardization of the PREVERBAL PARTICLE
-- The proverbial particle "ê" is placed after the personal pronoun.
-- =============================================================================
-- If there are no verbal preparticles, return empty table.
local function getPreverbParticules(preverbParticle, typeStem, isTransitive)
if not preverbParticle then
return {s1='', s2='', s3='', p1='', p2='', p3=''}
end
if preverbParticle == 'ê' then
local isErgative = isTransitive and (typeStem == 'past')
-- When the personal pronoun ends in a vowel, a "y-" is added before "ê".
-- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: "min", "te", ...
if isErgative then
return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='yê/dê', p1='yê/dê', p2='yê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
else
return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='ê/dê', p1='ê/dê', p2='ê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
end
end
-- If the verbal preparticle is identical for all pronouns,
-- we create a table with the same value.
local preverbParticles = {}
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
preverbParticles[pers] = preverbParticle
end
return preverbParticles
end
-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING EACH VERB TENSE
-- This table lists, for each verb tense, what elements are required to form it:
-- - Verb conjugation is built by placing either the preverb "bi-" or "di-" before
-- the verb stem (past or present), followed by a personal ending.
-- - For the negative form, one of the prefixes "na-" or "ne-" is added as well.
-- - In some cases, a preverbal particle such as /ê/ or /dê/ is added before
-- the conjugated verb as well.
-- Not: - The "negPreverb" (preverb (bi-/di-) for negative tenses) parameter has a
-- value different from "nil" only for the Imperfect tense ("negPreverb=di").
-- - The parameter "negPrefix=na" is used only for the present indicative.
--
-- Preverb "di", used in: "indPresent"(present stem), "indImperfect"(past stem)
-- - Bo neyînî: pêşgira "di-" tenê di nav dema "IndImperfect" de tê bikaranîn.
-- Preverb "bi", used in: "indFuture"(present stem), "subPresent"(present stem),
-- "subImperfect"(past stem) = "condPresent"(past stem)
-- - The prefix "bi-" isn't used in negative forms.
--
-- Present stem, used in: "indPresent"(di)(na),
-- "indFuture"(bi)(ne) = "subPresent"(bi)(ne)
--
-- Past stem, used in: "indPreterite"(-)(ne), "indImperfect"(di)(ne), "indPluperfect"(-)(ne),
-- "indPerfect"(-)(ne), "indNwPluperfect"(-)(ne), "indFuturePerfect"(-)(ne),
-- "subPreterite"(-)(ne),
-- "subImperfect"(bi)(ne) = "condPresent"(bi)(ne),
-- "subPluperfect"(-)(ne) = "condPreterite"(-)(ne)
-- =============================================================================
-- Some conjugations are identical except that they differ only in the preverbal particle (/ê/, /dê/).
-- So, to avoid repeating the same information (and thus risking errors),
-- we establish the common part shared between these verbs.
local commonRules = {
indFuture = {
stem = "present",
preverb = getPreverb['bi'],
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['present']
},
indFuturePerfect = {
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibim']
},
subImperfect = {
stem = "past",
preverb = getPreverb['bi'],
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ama']
},
subPluperfect = {
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibûma']
}
}
local mt = {
__index = function(t, k)
local common = t._common
if common then return common[k] end
end
}
-- TENSE AND MOOD CLASSIFICATION TABLE
export.tenseClassification = {
-- IMPERATIVE MOOD
impPresent = setmetatable({
name = "impPresent",
nameKu = "raweya fermanî",
nameEn = "present imperative",
mode = "imperative",
_common = commonRules.indFuture,
preverbParticle = nil
}, mt),
-- INDICATIVE MOOD
indPresent = {
name = "indPresent",
nameKu = "dema niha",
nameEn = "present",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "present",
preverb = getPreverb['di'],
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['na'],
endings = getEndings['present'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indPreterite = {
name = "indPreterite",
nameKu = "raboriya sade",
nameEn = "simple past",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['past'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indImperfect = {
name = "indImperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya berdest",
nameEn = "Imperfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = getPreverb['di'],
negPreverb = getPreverb['di'],
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['past'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indPluperfect = {
name = "indPluperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya dûr",
nameEn = "pluperfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibûm'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indFuture = setmetatable({
name = "indFuture",
nameKu = "dema bê",
nameEn = "future",
mode = "indicative",
_common = commonRules.indFuture,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
indFuturePerfect = setmetatable({
name = "indFuturePerfect",
nameKu = "dahatiya pêş",
nameEn = "future perfect",
mode = "indicative",
_common = commonRules.indFuturePerfect,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
-- In some books, the "perfect" and "nonconfirmative pluperfect" tenses
-- are classified in the "inferential mood" ("moda neşahidî").
-- Currently we classify them using the indicative mood (at the end).
indPerfect = {
name = "indPerfect",
nameKu = "raboriya dûdar",
nameEn = "perfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ime'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indNwPluperfect = {
name = "indNwPluperfect",
nameKu = "çîrokiya boriya dûdar",
nameEn = "non-witnessed pluperfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibûme'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
-- SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
subjPresent = setmetatable({
name = "subjPresent",
nameKu = "dema nihaya xwestekî",
nameEn = "present subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.indFuture,
preverbParticle = nil
}, mt),
subjPreterite = setmetatable({
name = "subjPreterite",
nameKu = "dema boriya xwestekî",
nameEn = "preterite subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.indFuturePerfect,
preverbParticle = nil,
}, mt),
subjImperfect = setmetatable({
name = "subjImperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya bilaniyê",
nameEn = "imperfect subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.subImperfect,
preverbParticle = nil,
}, mt),
subjPluperfect = setmetatable({
name = "subjPluperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya dûr a bilaniyê",
nameEn = "pluperfect subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.subPluperfect,
preverbParticle = nil
}, mt),
-- CONDITIONAL MOOD
condPresent = setmetatable({
name = "condPresent",
nameKu = "çîrokiya dema nihaya mercî",
nameEn = "present conditional",
mode = "conditional",
_common = commonRules.subImperfect,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
condPreterite = setmetatable({
name = "condPreterite",
nameKu = "dema boriya mercî",
nameEn = "preterite conditional",
mode = "conditional",
_common = commonRules.subPluperfect,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
}
-- =============================================================================
-- MAIN CONJUGATION FUNCTOIN
-- This function returns an array containing the conjugation table for a given
-- tense as well as other information about the conjugated verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugate(opts)
opts = opts or {}
-- Required parameters
local tense = opts.tense or error("'tense' required", 2)
--One of the two parameters is required:
-- - If the tense uses the present stem, indicate "presentStem".
-- - If it uses the past stem, indicate "pastStem".
local presentStem = opts.presentStem
local pastStem = opts.pastStem
-- Optional parameters
local isTransitive = opts.isTransitive or false -- Indicate if the verb is transitive (true/false)
local isNegative = opts.isNegative or false -- Indicate if it's the negative form (true/false)
local isCompoundVerb = opts.isCompoundVerb or false -- Indicate if it's a compound verb (true/false)
local preSimpleVerb = opts.preSimpleVerb or '' -- The part before the simple verb
local postSimpleVerb = opts.postSimpleVerb or '' -- The part after the simple verb
-- These parameters are provided when the verb is irregular.
-- Allows you to manually modify preverbs ("bi-"" or "di-")
-- and negation prefixes ("na-" or "ne-")
local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi or nil
local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi or nil
local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa or nil
local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe or nil
-- By default, the negation of the imperative is constructed from the prefix "me-"".
-- To obtain the second variant, the prefix with "ne-", you must specify "impNegForm=2".
local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm or nil
-- Access to the classification table and retrieval of verb tense parameters
local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') or false
-- We check that this tense is indeed in table "tenseClassification".
if (not infoTense) then
return '<span style="color:red">Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'</span>'
end
-- We check that one of the two parameters of the stem is given
if (infoTense.stem == 'present' and not presentStem) then
return '<span style="color:red">presentStem parameter required</span>'
elseif (infoTense.stem == 'past' and not pastStem) then
return '<span style="color:red">pasttStem parameter required</span>'
end
-- Choice between the present stem or past stem
local stem = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStem or pastStem
--────────────────────────────
-- Conjugation construction --
-- ───────────────────────────
local preverb = ''
local negPrefix = ''
-- Ruturns the verb type: "simpleVerb" or "preverbVerb" or "compoundVerb"
local verbStruct = export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
if isNegative then
negPrefix = infoTense.negPrefix{stem=stem, tenseName=tense,
impNegForm=impNegForm,
overrideNa=overrideNa, overrideNe=overrideNe}
if infoTense.negPreverb then
preverb = infoTense.negPreverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
end
else
if infoTense.preverb then
preverb = infoTense.preverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
end
end
infoTense.conj = {}
local spacing = isCompoundVerb and ' ' or ''
local endings = infoTense:endings(stem)
local preverbParticles = getPreverbParticules(infoTense.preverbParticle, infoTense.stem, isTransitive)
local isErgative = isTransitive and (infoTense.stem == 'past')
-- Creating the conjugation table for a given tense
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
local ending = ''
local conjSimbleVerb = ''
local conjVerb = ''
if isErgative then
ending = endings.s3
else
ending = endings[pers]
end
-- Adding space after the preverbal particle
local preverbParticle = preverbParticles[pers]
if preverbParticle ~= '' then
preverbParticle = preverbParticle .. ' '
end
conjSimbleVerb = negPrefix .. preverb .. stem .. ending
-- Adding prefixe and suffixe
conjVerb = preSimpleVerb .. spacing .. conjSimbleVerb .. postSimpleVerb
-- Spelling correction(îy -> iy)
conjVerb = mw.ustring.gsub(conjVerb, 'îy', 'iy')
-- Add a link
conjVerb = link{term=conjVerb, lang=langKu}
-- Addition of the preverbal particle
infoTense.conj[pers] = preverbParticle .. conjVerb
end
-- Imperative
if (infoTense.name == 'impPresent') then
infoTense.conj.s1 = nil
infoTense.conj.s2 = infoTense.conj.s3
infoTense.conj.s3 = nil
infoTense.conj.p1 = nil
--infoTense.conj.p2 = infoTense.conj.p2
infoTense.conj.p3 = nil
end
return infoTense
end
-- =============================================================================
-- END
-- =============================================================================
-- Some useful tools
-- =============================================================================
-- Returns the list of verb tenses
export.tensesList = function()
local list = {}
for _, tense in pairs(export.tenseClassification) do
table.insert(list, tense.name)
end
return list
end
-- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
-- (for a given conjugate tense in all persons of that tense)
function export.concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjVerbs)
local concatTab = {}
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
concatTab[pers] = pronoms[pers] .. ' ' .. conjVerbs[pers]
end
return concatTab
end
-- =============================================================================
-- ADDITIONAL STEM OF THE PAST AND PRESENT (pastStem2, ... and presentStem2, ...)
-- This function does nothing more than add additional parameters for verb stems
-- in the past and present tenses.
-- Conjugations for the different stems will be separated by "/"
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems)
local opts = baseOpts or {}
opts.tense = tense or nil
local presentStems = presentStems or {}
local pastStems = pastStems or {}
local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') or false
-- We check that this tense is indeed in table "tenseClassification".
if not infoTense then
return '<span style="color:red">Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'</span>'
end
local stems = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStems or pastStems
-- For each verb stem, its conjugation table is calculated and stored in conjTabs.
local conjTabs = {}
for i = 1, #stems do
if stems[i] then
if (infoTense.stem == 'past') then opts.pastStem = stems[i] end
if (infoTense.stem == 'present') then opts.presentStem = stems[i] end
local conj = export.conjugate(opts).conj
table.insert(conjTabs, conj)
end
end
-- We concatenate each row of the conjugation tables.
local concatConjTabs = {}
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
local frag = {}
for i = 1, #conjTabs do
local val = conjTabs[i][pers]
if val then table.insert(frag, tostring(val)) end
end
concatConjTabs[pers] = table.concat(frag, " / ")
end
infoTense.conj = concatConjTabs
return infoTense
end
-- ====================================================================================
-- VERB CONUGATION IN ALL TENSES WITH PRONOUMS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, negation, concatPrs)
local opts = baseOpts or {}
if negation == 'negative' then opts.isNegative = true end
-- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
local concatPronomsVerbs = export.concatPronomsVerbs
-- Tenses list
local tensesList = export.tensesList()
-- Conjugation in all tenses
local conjTab = {}
for _, tense in ipairs(tensesList) do
local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy')
-- We create the conjugation table without the pronouns.
conjTab[tense] = deepCopy(export.conjugateLong(opts, tense, presentStems, pastStems), 'copy')
-- We concatenate the pronouns and the verbs if "concatPrs" is different of "false"
-- (no pronoun for the imperative mood)
if (tense ~= 'impPresent' and concatPrs ~= false) then
local pronoms = deepCopy(export.conjPronouns(infoTense.stem, infoTense.mode, opts.isTransitive))
conjTab[tense].conj = concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjTab[tense].conj)
end
end
return conjTab
end
-- ====================================================================================
-- Allows you to obtain a given conjugation from a model.
-- Ex. in the template: {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=s1}}
-- See {{ku-tewîn-lk-niha}}
-- ====================================================================================
function export.tew(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local baseOpts = {
isNegative = frame.args['neyînî'] or false,
isTransitive = args['form'],
isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or nil,
postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil,
overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil,
overrideDi = args['di'] or nil,
overrideNa = args['na'] or nil,
overrideNe = args['na'] or nil,
impNegForm = nil
}
local tense = frame.args['dem'] or nil
local pers = frame.args['kes'] or nil
local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}
-- A few checks
if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = true
elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = false
else
return '<span style="color:red">form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz</span>'
end
if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
else
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
end
if (baseOpts.isNegative == 'erê') then
baseOpts.isNegative = true
end
local tabConj = export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems).conj
return tabConj[pers]
end
-- ====================================================================================
-- GET COMMMA SEPARED FORMS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.get_comma_separated_forms(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local opts = {
presentStem = frame.args['niha'],
pastStem = frame.args['borî'],
isTransitive = false,
isNegative = false,
isCompoundVerb = frame['valahî'] or false,
preSimpleVerb = frame['pêşgir'] or '',
postSimpleVerb = frame['paşgir'] or '',
overrideBi = frame['bi'] or nil,
overrideDi = frame['di'] or nil,
overrideNa = frame['na'] or nil,
overrideNe = frame['na'] or nil,
impNegForm = nil,
}
local function removeTags(tag)
tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '%[%[(.+)%|(.+)%]%]', '%2')
tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '<b>(.+)</b>', '%1')
tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '<span(.*)>(.*)</span>', '%2')
return tag
end
local function concateList(tenseList)
local concatList = {}
for _, pers in ipairs({"s1", "s2", "s3", "p1"}) do
tense = removeTags(tenseList[pers]) -- Remove tags
table.insert(concatList, tense)
end
return table.concat(concatList, ",")
end
local tenseList = {'indPresent','indPreterite','indImperfect',
'indPluperfect','indPerfect','indNwPluperfect',
'indFuture','indFuturePerfect',
'subImperfect','subPluperfect'
}
local concatAllTense = {}
for i = 1, #tenseList do
local tense = tenseList[i]
if export.tenseClassification[tense] then
opts.tense = tense
local conj = shallowCopy(export.conjugate(opts).conj)
local concatTense = concateList(conj)
table.insert(concatAllTense, concatTense)
end
end
return table.concat(concatAllTense, ",")
end
return export
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Ghybu
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Scribunto
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-- Modula tewandina lêkerên kurmancî
local export = {}
-- Load irregular forms table
-- local irreg = require('Module:ku-tewandin/dijrêzik')
local langKu = require("Modul:languages").getByCode("ku")
local link = require('Module:links').language_link
local shallowCopy = require("Module:table/shallowCopy")
local deepCopy = require("Module:table/deepCopy")
-- =============================================================================
-- Pronouns in Kurmanji
-- =============================================================================
export.order = {"s1", "s2", "s3", "p1", "p2", "p3"}
export.pronouns = {
s1 = "ez", p1 = "em",
s2 = "tu", p2 = "hûn",
s3 = "ew", p3 = "ew"
}
export.obliquePronouns = {
s1 = "min", p1 = "me",
s2 = "te", p2 = "we",
s3 = "wê/wî", p3 = "wan"
}
export.agents = {
s1 = "te, wî/wê, we, wan", p1 = "te, wî/wê, we, wan",
s2 = "min, wî/wê, me, wan", p2 = "min, wî/wê, me, wan",
s3 = "min, te, wî/wê, me, we, wan", p3 = "min, te, wî/wê, me, we, wan"
}
-- Oblique pronoun (green)
export.obliquePronounsGreen = {
s1 = '<span style="color:green">min</span>',
s2 = '<span style="color:green">te</span>',
s3 = '<span style="color:green">wê/wî</span>',
p1 = '<span style="color:green">me</span>',
p2 = '<span style="color:green">we</span>',
p3 = '<span style="color:green">wan</span>'
}
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- 1) This function returns correct subject/agent pronoun, ergativity rule:
-- - Transitive verbs in past tenses → oblique pronoun (green) = agent
-- - All other cases → direct pronoun (no color) = subject
-- 2) Also add the subjunctive prefix "(bila)"
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
function export.conjPronouns(stemType, mode, isTransitive)
local pronouns = shallowCopy(export.pronouns)
-- Ergativity in kurdish: transitive verbs that are conjugated with the past tense stem are
-- conjugated according to the object, not the subject.
-- Therefore, to have an ergative construction,
-- the verb must be transitive and its stem must be the stem of the past tense.
local isErgative = isTransitive and (stemType == 'past')
-- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: "min", "te", ...
-- If it's not ergative, we use normal pronouns: "ez", "tu", ...
if isErgative then
pronouns = shallowCopy(export.obliquePronounsGreen)
end
-- For the subjunctive mood, we add "(bila)" at the beginning.
if mode == 'subjunctive' then
subjPrefix = '<span style="color:gray">(bila)</span>'
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
pronouns[pers] = subjPrefix .. ' ' .. pronouns[pers]
end
end
return pronouns
end
-- =============================================================================
-- VERBAL STRUCTURE IN THE INFINITIVE:
-- Verbs in the infinitive appear in three main forms:
-- 1) Simple verb (indivisible light verb):
-- - ex.: "kirin", "çûn", "xwarin", ...
-- 2) Verbs with preverbs (preverb + simple verb):
-- - ex.: "rakirin" (ra- + kirin), "çêkirin" (çê- + kirin), "vexwarin" (ve- + xwarin), ...
-- - Preverb verbs don't use the prefix "bi-" (ez ê rakim , ew ê rake , ...)
-- 3) Compound verbs, construction with non-verbal element (the noun is not attached to the verb):
-- - Left of the simple verb: "hez kirin" ("hez" + "kirin"), "li dar xistin" ("li dar" + "xistin"), ...
-- - Right of the simple verb: "kirin der" ("kirin" + "der"), "girtin ser xwe" ("girtin" + "ser xwe"), ...
-- - Compound verbs use the prefix "bi-" (ez ê hez bi-kim , ew ê hez bi-ke )
-- STRUCTURE: preSimpleVerb + spacing + simpleVerb + postSimpleVerb
-- EX. kirin: preSimpleVerb=''; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- rakirin: preSimpleVerb='ra'; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- hez kirin: preSimpleVerb='hez'; spacing=true; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- pev çûn: preSimpleVerb='pev'; spacing=true; simpleVerb='çûn'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- kirin der: preSimpleVerb=''; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='der'
-- WARNING: Conjugation can vary depending on the type of verb.
-- For example, in the future tense,the prefix "bi" is used for compound verbs,
-- but not for preverbal verbs, see the function that manages it "tenseClassification" table.
-- This table does not yet support the mixed case: a verb composed of a noun and a preverb verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
local struct
if (preSimpleVerb and preSimpleVerb ~= '' and not isCompoundVerb) then
struct = 'preverbVerb'
elseif isCompoundVerb then
struct = 'compoundVerb'
else
struct = 'simpleVerb'
end
return struct
end
-- ================================================================
-- INFLECTIONAL ENDINGS
-- Assigns verb inflectional endings (suffixes) to all tenses
-- ================================================================
local getEndings = {}
do
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Ending using present stem
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['present'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
else
ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='e', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
end
return ends
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Ind. preterite + ind. imperfect ending
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['past'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiouû]$') then
ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then
-- if self.name == 'indImperfect' then
-- -- special indicative ind. imperfect rule
-- ends = {s1='yam', s2='yayî', s3='ya', p1='yan', p2='yan', p3='yan'}
-- end
ends = {s1='m', s2='', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
else
ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
end
return ends
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Compound endings with auxiliary "bûn"
-- Inflectional endings are created by taking the different forms of the
-- verb "bûn" (with present stem "-b-" and past stem "-bû-") and
-- adding an "i-" prefix before them: "i-b-im", "i-bû-m", "i-bû-me", "i-bû-ma".
-- This "i-" varies according to the final letter of the verb stem.
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
local function normalize_i(stem)
local prfx_i = "i"
if mw.ustring.match(stem, "ya$") or
mw.ustring.match(stem, "[îû]$") then -- cf. karîn (-karî-)
prfx_i = ""
elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiou]$') then
prfx_i = "yi"
end
return prfx_i
end
getEndings['ibim'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bim", p1 = prfx_i .. "bin",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bin",
s3 = prfx_i .. "be", p3 = prfx_i .. "bin"
}
end
getEndings['ibûm'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bûm", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûn",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûn",
s3 = prfx_i .. "bû", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûn"
}
end
getEndings['ibûme'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bûme", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûne",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyiye", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûne",
s3 = prfx_i .. "bûye", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûne"
}
end
getEndings['ibûma'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bûma", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûna",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyayî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûna",
s3 = prfx_i .. "bûya", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûna"
}
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Ind. perfect ending.
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['ime'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
ends = {s1="me", s2="yî", s3="ye", p1="ne", p2="ne", p3="ne"}
else
ends = {s1="ime", s2="iyî", s3="iye", p1="ine", p2="ine", p3="ine"}
end
return ends
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Subj. Imperfect ending.
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['ama'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
-- The doublet in "-iyan" of verbs in -"în" (gerîn/-geriya-, kenîn/-keniya-, ...),
-- in the conditional and subjunctive moods, a doublet "yaya" appears; it's removed.
-- -yayayî → -yayî; -yaya → -ya
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '(ya)$') then
ends = {s1="ma", s2="yî", s3="", p1="na", p2="na", p3="na"}
elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
ends = {s1="ma", s2="yayî", s3="ya", p1="na", p2="na", p3="na"}
else
ends = {s1="ama", s2="ayî", s3="a", p1="ana", p2="ana", p3="ana"}
end
return ends
end
end
-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR PREVERBS: "bi-" and "di-"
-- There are two preverbs: "bi-" and "di-". These preverbs can change form
-- depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getPreverb = {}
do
getPreverb['bi'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local verbStruct = opts.verbStruct
local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi
-- Preverb verbs don't use the preverb "bi-": ra-kirin (ez ê rakim), ve-xwarin (ez ê vexwim) , ...
-- But compound verb and simple verbs use it: hez kirin (ez ê hez bi-kim), lê bigirin (ez ê lê bi-girim), ...
if (verbStruct == 'preverbVerb') then
return ''
end
if overrideBi then return overrideBi end
-- if irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] end
-- Modification of the preverbe "bi-" according to the last letter of the stem.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[aeêiîouû]') then
return 'b'
end
return 'bi'
end
getPreverb['di'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi
if overrideDi then return overrideDi end
-- if irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] end
-- Modification of the preverbe "di-" according to the last letter of the stem.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[ai]') then
return 'd'
end
-- Ex. hatin : stem = -ê- // ez têm
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[êî]') then
return 't'
end
return 'di'
end
end
-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR NEGATION PREFIXES: "na-" and "ne-"
-- There are two negation prefixes: "na-" and "ne-". These preverbs can change
-- form depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getNegPrefix = {}
do
getNegPrefix['na'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa
if overrideNa then return '<b>' .. overrideNa .. '</b>' end
-- if irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] end
-- Add sufix "-y" before certain vowels.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
return '<b>nay</b>'
end
-- Elision before stems beginning with "a-" (removal of the final "-e").
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
return '<b>n</b>'
end
-- Tîpa duyem "-a-" ye (k-a-rîn, z-a-nîn, ...)
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^%wa') then
return '<b>ni</b>'
end
return '<b>na</b>'
end
getNegPrefix['ne'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local tenseName = opts.tenseName
local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm
local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe
if overrideNe then return '<b>' .. overrideNe .. '</b>' end
-- if irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] end
local negPrefix = 'ne'
-- There are two forms of construction of the imperative,
-- one with the prefix "me-" and the other with the prefix "ne-".
if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then
negPrefix = (impNegForm == 2) and 'ne' or 'me'
end
-- Add sufix "-y" before certain vowels.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. 'y</b>'
end
-- Elision before stems beginning with "a-" (removal of the final "-e").
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
negPreFix = mw.ustring.sub(negPrefix, 1, -2)
return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. '</b>'
end
return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. '</b>'
end
end
-- =============================================================================
-- Standardization of the PREVERBAL PARTICLE
-- The proverbial particle "ê" is placed after the personal pronoun.
-- =============================================================================
-- If there are no verbal preparticles, return empty table.
local function getPreverbParticules(preverbParticle, typeStem, isTransitive)
if not preverbParticle then
return {s1='', s2='', s3='', p1='', p2='', p3=''}
end
if preverbParticle == 'ê' then
local isErgative = isTransitive and (typeStem == 'past')
-- When the personal pronoun ends in a vowel, a "y-" is added before "ê".
-- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: "min", "te", ...
if isErgative then
return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='yê/dê', p1='yê/dê', p2='yê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
else
return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='ê/dê', p1='ê/dê', p2='ê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
end
end
-- If the verbal preparticle is identical for all pronouns,
-- we create a table with the same value.
local preverbParticles = {}
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
preverbParticles[pers] = preverbParticle
end
return preverbParticles
end
-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING EACH VERB TENSE
-- This table lists, for each verb tense, what elements are required to form it:
-- - Verb conjugation is built by placing either the preverb "bi-" or "di-" before
-- the verb stem (past or present), followed by a personal ending.
-- - For the negative form, one of the prefixes "na-" or "ne-" is added as well.
-- - In some cases, a preverbal particle such as /ê/ or /dê/ is added before
-- the conjugated verb as well.
-- Not: - The "negPreverb" (preverb (bi-/di-) for negative tenses) parameter has a
-- value different from "nil" only for the Imperfect tense ("negPreverb=di").
-- - The parameter "negPrefix=na" is used only for the present indicative.
--
-- Preverb "di", used in: "indPresent"(present stem), "indImperfect"(past stem)
-- - Bo neyînî: pêşgira "di-" tenê di nav dema "IndImperfect" de tê bikaranîn.
-- Preverb "bi", used in: "indFuture"(present stem), "subPresent"(present stem),
-- "subImperfect"(past stem) = "condPresent"(past stem)
-- - The prefix "bi-" isn't used in negative forms.
--
-- Present stem, used in: "indPresent"(di)(na),
-- "indFuture"(bi)(ne) = "subPresent"(bi)(ne)
--
-- Past stem, used in: "indPreterite"(-)(ne), "indImperfect"(di)(ne), "indPluperfect"(-)(ne),
-- "indPerfect"(-)(ne), "indNwPluperfect"(-)(ne), "indFuturePerfect"(-)(ne),
-- "subPreterite"(-)(ne),
-- "subImperfect"(bi)(ne) = "condPresent"(bi)(ne),
-- "subPluperfect"(-)(ne) = "condPreterite"(-)(ne)
-- =============================================================================
-- Some conjugations are identical except that they differ only in the preverbal particle (/ê/, /dê/).
-- So, to avoid repeating the same information (and thus risking errors),
-- we establish the common part shared between these verbs.
local commonRules = {
indFuture = {
stem = "present",
preverb = getPreverb['bi'],
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['present']
},
indFuturePerfect = {
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibim']
},
subImperfect = {
stem = "past",
preverb = getPreverb['bi'],
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ama']
},
subPluperfect = {
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibûma']
}
}
local mt = {
__index = function(t, k)
local common = t._common
if common then return common[k] end
end
}
-- TENSE AND MOOD CLASSIFICATION TABLE
export.tenseClassification = {
-- IMPERATIVE MOOD
impPresent = setmetatable({
name = "impPresent",
nameKu = "raweya fermanî",
nameEn = "present imperative",
mode = "imperative",
_common = commonRules.indFuture,
preverbParticle = nil
}, mt),
-- INDICATIVE MOOD
indPresent = {
name = "indPresent",
nameKu = "dema niha",
nameEn = "present",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "present",
preverb = getPreverb['di'],
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['na'],
endings = getEndings['present'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indPreterite = {
name = "indPreterite",
nameKu = "raboriya sade",
nameEn = "simple past",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['past'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indImperfect = {
name = "indImperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya berdest",
nameEn = "Imperfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = getPreverb['di'],
negPreverb = getPreverb['di'],
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['past'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indPluperfect = {
name = "indPluperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya dûr",
nameEn = "pluperfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibûm'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indFuture = setmetatable({
name = "indFuture",
nameKu = "dema bê",
nameEn = "future",
mode = "indicative",
_common = commonRules.indFuture,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
indFuturePerfect = setmetatable({
name = "indFuturePerfect",
nameKu = "dahatiya pêş",
nameEn = "future perfect",
mode = "indicative",
_common = commonRules.indFuturePerfect,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
-- In some books, the "perfect" and "nonconfirmative pluperfect" tenses
-- are classified in the "inferential mood" ("moda neşahidî").
-- Currently we classify them using the indicative mood (at the end).
indPerfect = {
name = "indPerfect",
nameKu = "raboriya dûdar",
nameEn = "perfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ime'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indNwPluperfect = {
name = "indNwPluperfect",
nameKu = "çîrokiya boriya dûdar",
nameEn = "non-witnessed pluperfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibûme'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
-- SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
subjPresent = setmetatable({
name = "subjPresent",
nameKu = "dema nihaya xwestekî",
nameEn = "present subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.indFuture,
preverbParticle = nil
}, mt),
subjPreterite = setmetatable({
name = "subjPreterite",
nameKu = "dema boriya xwestekî",
nameEn = "preterite subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.indFuturePerfect,
preverbParticle = nil,
}, mt),
subjImperfect = setmetatable({
name = "subjImperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya bilaniyê",
nameEn = "imperfect subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.subImperfect,
preverbParticle = nil,
}, mt),
subjPluperfect = setmetatable({
name = "subjPluperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya dûr a bilaniyê",
nameEn = "pluperfect subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.subPluperfect,
preverbParticle = nil
}, mt),
-- CONDITIONAL MOOD
condPresent = setmetatable({
name = "condPresent",
nameKu = "çîrokiya dema nihaya mercî",
nameEn = "present conditional",
mode = "conditional",
_common = commonRules.subImperfect,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
condPreterite = setmetatable({
name = "condPreterite",
nameKu = "dema boriya mercî",
nameEn = "preterite conditional",
mode = "conditional",
_common = commonRules.subPluperfect,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
}
-- =============================================================================
-- MAIN CONJUGATION FUNCTOIN
-- This function returns an array containing the conjugation table for a given
-- tense as well as other information about the conjugated verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugate(opts)
opts = opts or {}
-- Required parameters
local tense = opts.tense or error("'tense' required", 2)
--One of the two parameters is required:
-- - If the tense uses the present stem, indicate "presentStem".
-- - If it uses the past stem, indicate "pastStem".
local presentStem = opts.presentStem
local pastStem = opts.pastStem
-- Optional parameters
local isTransitive = opts.isTransitive or false -- Indicate if the verb is transitive (true/false)
local isNegative = opts.isNegative or false -- Indicate if it's the negative form (true/false)
local isCompoundVerb = opts.isCompoundVerb or false -- Indicate if it's a compound verb (true/false)
local preSimpleVerb = opts.preSimpleVerb or '' -- The part before the simple verb
local postSimpleVerb = opts.postSimpleVerb or '' -- The part after the simple verb
-- These parameters are provided when the verb is irregular.
-- Allows you to manually modify preverbs ("bi-"" or "di-")
-- and negation prefixes ("na-" or "ne-")
local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi or nil
local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi or nil
local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa or nil
local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe or nil
-- By default, the negation of the imperative is constructed from the prefix "me-"".
-- To obtain the second variant, the prefix with "ne-", you must specify "impNegForm=2".
local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm or nil
-- Access to the classification table and retrieval of verb tense parameters
local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') or false
-- We check that this tense is indeed in table "tenseClassification".
if (not infoTense) then
return '<span style="color:red">Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'</span>'
end
-- We check that one of the two parameters of the stem is given
if (infoTense.stem == 'present' and not presentStem) then
return '<span style="color:red">presentStem parameter required</span>'
elseif (infoTense.stem == 'past' and not pastStem) then
return '<span style="color:red">pasttStem parameter required</span>'
end
-- Choice between the present stem or past stem
local stem = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStem or pastStem
--────────────────────────────
-- Conjugation construction --
-- ───────────────────────────
local preverb = ''
local negPrefix = ''
-- Ruturns the verb type: "simpleVerb" or "preverbVerb" or "compoundVerb"
local verbStruct = export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
if isNegative then
negPrefix = infoTense.negPrefix{stem=stem, tenseName=tense,
impNegForm=impNegForm,
overrideNa=overrideNa, overrideNe=overrideNe}
if infoTense.negPreverb then
preverb = infoTense.negPreverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
end
else
if infoTense.preverb then
preverb = infoTense.preverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
end
end
infoTense.conj = {}
local spacing = isCompoundVerb and ' ' or ''
local endings = infoTense:endings(stem)
local preverbParticles = getPreverbParticules(infoTense.preverbParticle, infoTense.stem, isTransitive)
local isErgative = isTransitive and (infoTense.stem == 'past')
-- Creating the conjugation table for a given tense
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
local ending = ''
local conjSimbleVerb = ''
local conjVerb = ''
if isErgative then
ending = endings.s3
else
ending = endings[pers]
end
-- Adding space after the preverbal particle
local preverbParticle = preverbParticles[pers]
if preverbParticle ~= '' then
preverbParticle = preverbParticle .. ' '
end
conjSimbleVerb = negPrefix .. preverb .. stem .. ending
-- Adding prefixe and suffixe
conjVerb = preSimpleVerb .. spacing .. conjSimbleVerb .. postSimpleVerb
-- Spelling correction(îy -> iy)
conjVerb = mw.ustring.gsub(conjVerb, 'îy', 'iy')
-- Add a link
conjVerb = link{term=conjVerb, lang=langKu}
-- Addition of the preverbal particle
infoTense.conj[pers] = preverbParticle .. conjVerb
end
-- Imperative
if (infoTense.name == 'impPresent') then
infoTense.conj.s1 = nil
infoTense.conj.s2 = infoTense.conj.s3
infoTense.conj.s3 = nil
infoTense.conj.p1 = nil
--infoTense.conj.p2 = infoTense.conj.p2
infoTense.conj.p3 = nil
end
return infoTense
end
-- =============================================================================
-- END
-- =============================================================================
-- Some useful tools
-- =============================================================================
-- Returns the list of verb tenses
export.tensesList = function()
local list = {}
for _, tense in pairs(export.tenseClassification) do
table.insert(list, tense.name)
end
return list
end
-- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
-- (for a given conjugate tense in all persons of that tense)
function export.concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjVerbs)
local concatTab = {}
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
concatTab[pers] = pronoms[pers] .. ' ' .. conjVerbs[pers]
end
return concatTab
end
-- =============================================================================
-- ADDITIONAL STEM OF THE PAST AND PRESENT (pastStem2, ... and presentStem2, ...)
-- This function does nothing more than add additional parameters for verb stems
-- in the past and present tenses.
-- Conjugations for the different stems will be separated by "/"
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems)
local opts = baseOpts or {}
opts.tense = tense or nil
local presentStems = presentStems or {}
local pastStems = pastStems or {}
local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') or false
-- We check that this tense is indeed in table "tenseClassification".
if not infoTense then
return '<span style="color:red">Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'</span>'
end
local stems = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStems or pastStems
-- For each verb stem, its conjugation table is calculated and stored in conjTabs.
local conjTabs = {}
for i = 1, #stems do
if stems[i] then
if (infoTense.stem == 'past') then opts.pastStem = stems[i] end
if (infoTense.stem == 'present') then opts.presentStem = stems[i] end
local conj = export.conjugate(opts).conj
table.insert(conjTabs, conj)
end
end
-- We concatenate each row of the conjugation tables.
local concatConjTabs = {}
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
local frag = {}
for i = 1, #conjTabs do
local val = conjTabs[i][pers]
if val then table.insert(frag, tostring(val)) end
end
concatConjTabs[pers] = table.concat(frag, " / ")
end
infoTense.conj = concatConjTabs
return infoTense
end
-- ====================================================================================
-- VERB CONUGATION IN ALL TENSES WITH PRONOUMS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, negation, concatPrs)
local opts = baseOpts or {}
if negation == 'negative' then opts.isNegative = true end
-- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
local concatPronomsVerbs = export.concatPronomsVerbs
-- Tenses list
local tensesList = export.tensesList()
-- Conjugation in all tenses
local conjTab = {}
for _, tense in ipairs(tensesList) do
local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy')
-- We create the conjugation table without the pronouns.
conjTab[tense] = deepCopy(export.conjugateLong(opts, tense, presentStems, pastStems), 'copy')
-- We concatenate the pronouns and the verbs if "concatPrs" is different of "false"
-- (no pronoun for the imperative mood)
if (tense ~= 'impPresent' and concatPrs ~= false) then
local pronoms = deepCopy(export.conjPronouns(infoTense.stem, infoTense.mode, opts.isTransitive))
conjTab[tense].conj = concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjTab[tense].conj)
end
end
return conjTab
end
-- ====================================================================================
-- Allows you to obtain a given conjugation from a model.
-- Ex. in the template: {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=s1}}
-- See {{ku-tewîn-lk-niha}}
-- ====================================================================================
function export.tew(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local baseOpts = {
isNegative = frame.args['neyînî'] or false,
isTransitive = args['form'],
isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or nil,
postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil,
overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil,
overrideDi = args['di'] or nil,
overrideNa = args['na'] or nil,
overrideNe = args['na'] or nil,
impNegForm = nil
}
local tense = frame.args['dem'] or nil
local pers = frame.args['kes'] or nil
local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}
-- A few checks
if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = true
elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = false
else
return '<span style="color:red">form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz</span>'
end
if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
else
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
end
if (baseOpts.isNegative == 'erê') then
baseOpts.isNegative = true
end
local tabConj = export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems).conj
return tabConj[pers]
end
-- ====================================================================================
-- GET COMMMA SEPARED FORMS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.get_comma_separated_forms(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local opts = {
presentStem = frame.args['niha'],
pastStem = frame.args['borî'],
isTransitive = false,
isNegative = false,
isCompoundVerb = frame['valahî'] or false,
preSimpleVerb = frame['pêşgir'] or '',
postSimpleVerb = frame['paşgir'] or '',
overrideBi = frame['bi'] or nil,
overrideDi = frame['di'] or nil,
overrideNa = frame['na'] or nil,
overrideNe = frame['na'] or nil,
impNegForm = nil,
}
local function removeTags(tag)
tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '%[%[(.+)%|(.+)%]%]', '%2')
tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '<b>(.+)</b>', '%1')
tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '<span(.*)>(.*)</span>', '%2')
return tag
end
local function concateList(tenseList)
local concatList = {}
for _, pers in ipairs({"s1", "s2", "s3", "p1"}) do
tense = removeTags(tenseList[pers]) -- Remove tags
table.insert(concatList, tense)
end
return table.concat(concatList, ",")
end
local tenseList = {'indPresent','indPreterite','indImperfect',
'indPluperfect','indPerfect','indNwPluperfect',
'indFuture','indFuturePerfect',
'subjImperfect','subjPluperfect'
}
local concatAllTense = {}
for i = 1, #tenseList do
local tense = tenseList[i]
if export.tenseClassification[tense] then
opts.tense = tense
local conj = shallowCopy(export.conjugate(opts).conj)
local concatTense = concateList(conj)
table.insert(concatAllTense, concatTense)
end
end
return table.concat(concatAllTense, ",")
end
return export
1zfi8vlm4vl250veo45173pia5jj2bi
Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo
828
628615
6236086
6236076
2026-05-26T19:03:13Z
Ghybu
1393
6236086
Scribunto
text/plain
local conj = require('Modul:ku-tewandin')
local export = {}
function export.tablo(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local baseOpts = {
isTransitive = args['form'],
isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or '',
postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or '',
overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil,
overrideDi = args['di'] or nil,
overrideNa = args['na'] or nil,
overrideNe = args['ne'] or nil,
impNegForm = nil
}
local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}
if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = true
elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = false
else
return '<span style="color:red">form = gerghuhêz / negerguhêz</span>'
end
if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
else
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
end
-- Conjugation table in all tenses
local conjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems)
-- Negatives conjugations table
local negConjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, 'negative')
-- Creation of internal conjugation tables for the different tenses
-- First, create the table header.
local function tableHeader(tense)
local header = '\n! colspan="2" id="' .. conjTab[tense].name .. '"'
.. 'class="' .. conjTab[tense].stem .. '-stem tense-table-title" |'
.. conjTab[tense].nameKu
.. '- <small><i>-{'.. conjTab[tense].nameEn ..'}-</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! class="negative" | Erênî'
.. '\n! class="positive" | Neyînî'
.. '\n|-'
return header
end
-- We combine the header and the body to create the final table
local function conjugateTable(tense)
local tabHeader = tableHeader(tense)
local tabBody = ''
for _, pers in ipairs(conj.order) do
tabBody = tabBody .. '\n|' .. conjTab[tense].conj[pers]
.. '\n|' .. negConjTab[tense].conj[pers]
.. '\n|-'
end
local tab = '\n{| cellpadding="2" class="tense-table"'
.. '\n|-'
.. tabHeader
.. tabBody
.. '\n|}'
return tab
end
--Retrieving some parameters for creating the main table header
local verb = args[1]
local transitivity = args['form']
local preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or ''
local postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or ''
-- Cureyê lêkerê
local verbStruc = conj.verbStruct(baseOpts.isCompoundVerb, baseOpts.preSimpleVerb)
if (verbStruc == 'preverbVerb') then
verbStruc = 'pêkhatî'
elseif (verbStruc == 'compoundVerb') then
verbStruc = 'hevedudanî'
else
verbStruc = 'xwerû'
end
local prsStemsFormat = {}
for _, stem in ipairs(presentStems) do
if stem then prsStemsFormat[#prsStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
end
local pstStemsFormat = {}
for _, stem in ipairs(pastStems) do
if stem then pstStemsFormat[#pstStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
end
local prsStems = table.concat(prsStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb
local pstStems = table.concat(pstStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb
return
'{| align="center" class="conj-table"'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" class="title" | Tewandina lêkera [[' .. verb .. ']]<br><span style="font-weight:normal;">(' .. verbStruc .. ', ' .. transitivity .. ')</span>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan="2" class="present-stem" | Rehê dema niha'
.. '\n! colspan="6" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center; border-bottom:dotted 1px grey;" | ' .. prsStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan="2" class="past-stem" | Rehê dema borî'
.. '\n! colspan="6" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center;" | ' .. pstStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" id="imp" class="mood" | Raweya fermanî - <small><i>Imperative</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" valign="top" | '
.. '\n{| cellpadding="2" class="tense-table"'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! class="negative" | Erênî'
.. '\n! class="positive" | Neyînî'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(tû)</span> ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.s2
.. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(tû)</span> ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.s2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(hûn)</span> ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.p2
.. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(hûn)</span> ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.p2
..'\n|}'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" id="ind" class="mood" | Raweya pêşkerî - <small><i>Indicative</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPresent')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPreterite')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indImperfect')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuture')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuturePerfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPerfect')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indNCPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" id="subj" class="mood" | Raweya xwestekî - <small><i>Subjunctive</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subPresent')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subPreterite')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subImperfect')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" id="cond" class="mood" | Raweya mercî - <small><i>Conditional</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('condPresent')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('condPreterite')
.. '\n|}'
end
return export
7p6z4aojjbapjmlqkphwbhl3l5cjc07
6236087
6236086
2026-05-26T19:18:27Z
Ghybu
1393
6236087
Scribunto
text/plain
local conj = require('Modul:ku-tewandin')
local export = {}
function export.tablo(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local baseOpts = {
isTransitive = args['form'],
isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or '',
postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or '',
overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil,
overrideDi = args['di'] or nil,
overrideNa = args['na'] or nil,
overrideNe = args['ne'] or nil,
impNegForm = nil
}
local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}
if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = true
elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = false
else
return '<span style="color:red">form = gerghuhêz / negerguhêz</span>'
end
if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
else
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
end
-- Conjugation table in all tenses
local conjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems)
-- Negatives conjugations table
local negConjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, 'negative')
-- Creation of internal conjugation tables for the different tenses
local function conjugateTable(tense)
-- First, create the table header.
local tabHeader = '\n! colspan="2" id="' .. conjTab[tense].name .. '"'
.. 'class="' .. conjTab[tense].stem .. '-stem tense-table-title" |'
.. conjTab[tense].nameKu
.. '- <small><i>-{'.. conjTab[tense].nameEn ..'}-</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! class="negative" | Erênî'
.. '\n! class="positive" | Neyînî'
.. '\n|-'
-- Create the table body.
local tabBody = ''
for _, pers in ipairs(conj.order) do
tabBody = tabBody .. '\n|' .. conjTab[tense].conj[pers]
.. '\n|' .. negConjTab[tense].conj[pers]
.. '\n|-'
end
-- Create the table (header + body).
local tab = '\n{| cellpadding="2" class="tense-table"'
.. '\n|-'
.. tabHeader
.. tabBody
.. '\n|}'
return tab
end
--Retrieving some parameters for creating the main table header
local verb = args[1]
local transitivity = args['form']
local preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or ''
local postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or ''
-- Cureyê lêkerê
local verbStruc = conj.verbStruct(baseOpts.isCompoundVerb, baseOpts.preSimpleVerb)
if (verbStruc == 'preverbVerb') then
verbStruc = 'pêkhatî'
elseif (verbStruc == 'compoundVerb') then
verbStruc = 'hevedudanî'
else
verbStruc = 'xwerû'
end
local prsStemsFormat = {}
for _, stem in ipairs(presentStems) do
if stem then prsStemsFormat[#prsStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
end
local pstStemsFormat = {}
for _, stem in ipairs(pastStems) do
if stem then pstStemsFormat[#pstStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
end
local prsStems = table.concat(prsStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb
local pstStems = table.concat(pstStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb
return
'{| align="center" class="conj-table"'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" class="title" | Tewandina lêkera [[' .. verb .. ']]<br><span style="font-weight:normal;">(' .. verbStruc .. ', ' .. transitivity .. ')</span>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan="2" class="present-stem" | Rehê dema niha'
.. '\n! colspan="6" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center; border-bottom:dotted 1px grey;" | ' .. prsStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan="2" class="past-stem" | Rehê dema borî'
.. '\n! colspan="6" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center;" | ' .. pstStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" id="imp" class="mood" | Raweya fermanî - <small><i>Imperative</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" valign="top" | '
.. '\n{| cellpadding="2" class="tense-table"'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! class="negative" | Erênî'
.. '\n! class="positive" | Neyînî'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(tû)</span> ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.s2
.. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(tû)</span> ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.s2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(hûn)</span> ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.p2
.. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(hûn)</span> ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.p2
..'\n|}'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" id="ind" class="mood" | Raweya pêşkerî - <small><i>Indicative</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPresent')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPreterite')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indImperfect')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuture')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuturePerfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPerfect')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indNCPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" id="subj" class="mood" | Raweya xwestekî - <small><i>Subjunctive</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subPresent')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subPreterite')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subImperfect')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" id="cond" class="mood" | Raweya mercî - <small><i>Conditional</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('condPresent')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('condPreterite')
.. '\n|}'
end
return export
rpcz8xtrle9wm1porr26pkps4l059na
6236091
6236087
2026-05-26T20:19:26Z
Ghybu
1393
6236091
Scribunto
text/plain
local conj = require('Modul:ku-tewandin')
local export = {}
function export.tablo(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local baseOpts = {
isTransitive = args['form'],
isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or '',
postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or '',
overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil,
overrideDi = args['di'] or nil,
overrideNa = args['na'] or nil,
overrideNe = args['ne'] or nil,
impNegForm = nil
}
local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}
if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = true
elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = false
else
return '<span style="color:red">form = gerghuhêz / negerguhêz</span>'
end
if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
else
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
end
-- Conjugation table in all tenses
local conjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems)
-- Negatives conjugations table
local negConjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, 'negative')
-- Creation of internal conjugation tables for the different tenses
local function conjugateTable(tense)
-- First, create the table header.
local tabHeader = '\n! colspan="2" id="' .. conjTab[tense].name .. '"'
.. 'class="' .. conjTab[tense].stem .. '-stem tense-table-title" |'
.. conjTab[tense].nameKu
.. '- <small><i>-{'.. conjTab[tense].nameEn ..'}-</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! class="negative" | Erênî'
.. '\n! class="positive" | Neyînî'
.. '\n|-'
-- Create the table body.
local tabBody = ''
for _, pers in ipairs(conj.order) do
tabBody = tabBody .. '\n|' .. conjTab[tense].conj[pers]
.. '\n|' .. negConjTab[tense].conj[pers]
.. '\n|-'
end
-- Create the table (header + body).
local tab = '\n{| cellpadding="2" class="tense-table"'
.. '\n|-'
.. tabHeader
.. tabBody
.. '\n|}'
return tab
end
--Retrieving some parameters for creating the main table header
local verb = args[1]
local transitivity = args['form']
local preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or ''
local postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or ''
-- Cureyê lêkerê
local verbStruc = conj.verbStruct(baseOpts.isCompoundVerb, baseOpts.preSimpleVerb)
if (verbStruc == 'preverbVerb') then
verbStruc = 'pêkhatî'
elseif (verbStruc == 'compoundVerb') then
verbStruc = 'hevedudanî'
else
verbStruc = 'xwerû'
end
local prsStemsFormat = {}
for _, stem in ipairs(presentStems) do
if stem then prsStemsFormat[#prsStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
end
local pstStemsFormat = {}
for _, stem in ipairs(pastStems) do
if stem then pstStemsFormat[#pstStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
end
local prsStems = table.concat(prsStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb
local pstStems = table.concat(pstStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb
return
'{| align="center" class="conj-table"'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" class="title" | Tewandina lêkera [[' .. verb .. ']]<br><span style="font-weight:normal;">(' .. verbStruc .. ', ' .. transitivity .. ')</span>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan="2" class="present-stem" | Rehê dema niha'
.. '\n! colspan="6" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center; border-bottom:dotted 1px grey;" | ' .. prsStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan="2" class="past-stem" | Rehê dema borî'
.. '\n! colspan="6" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center;" | ' .. pstStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" id="imp" class="mood" | Raweya fermanî - <small><i>Imperative</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" valign="top" | '
.. '\n{| cellpadding="2" class="tense-table"'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! class="negative" | Erênî'
.. '\n! class="positive" | Neyînî'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(tû)</span> ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.s2
.. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(tû)</span> ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.s2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(hûn)</span> ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.p2
.. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(hûn)</span> ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.p2
..'\n|}'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" id="ind" class="mood" | Raweya pêşkerî - <small><i>Indicative</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPresent')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPreterite')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indImperfect')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuture')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuturePerfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPerfect')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indNwPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" id="subj" class="mood" | Raweya xwestekî - <small><i>Subjunctive</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subPresent')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subPreterite')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subImperfect')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" id="cond" class="mood" | Raweya mercî - <small><i>Conditional</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('condPresent')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('condPreterite')
.. '\n|}'
end
return export
maz2qhcfohtet58xdg80199w72qsrw3
6236180
6236091
2026-05-27T06:17:50Z
Ghybu
1393
sub. --> subj.
6236180
Scribunto
text/plain
local conj = require('Modul:ku-tewandin')
local export = {}
function export.tablo(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local baseOpts = {
isTransitive = args['form'],
isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or '',
postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or '',
overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil,
overrideDi = args['di'] or nil,
overrideNa = args['na'] or nil,
overrideNe = args['ne'] or nil,
impNegForm = nil
}
local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}
if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = true
elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = false
else
return '<span style="color:red">form = gerghuhêz / negerguhêz</span>'
end
if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
else
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
end
-- Conjugation table in all tenses
local conjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems)
-- Negatives conjugations table
local negConjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, 'negative')
-- Creation of internal conjugation tables for the different tenses
local function conjugateTable(tense)
-- First, create the table header.
local tabHeader = '\n! colspan="2" id="' .. conjTab[tense].name .. '"'
.. 'class="' .. conjTab[tense].stem .. '-stem tense-table-title" |'
.. conjTab[tense].nameKu
.. '- <small><i>-{'.. conjTab[tense].nameEn ..'}-</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! class="negative" | Erênî'
.. '\n! class="positive" | Neyînî'
.. '\n|-'
-- Create the table body.
local tabBody = ''
for _, pers in ipairs(conj.order) do
tabBody = tabBody .. '\n|' .. conjTab[tense].conj[pers]
.. '\n|' .. negConjTab[tense].conj[pers]
.. '\n|-'
end
-- Create the table (header + body).
local tab = '\n{| cellpadding="2" class="tense-table"'
.. '\n|-'
.. tabHeader
.. tabBody
.. '\n|}'
return tab
end
--Retrieving some parameters for creating the main table header
local verb = args[1]
local transitivity = args['form']
local preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or ''
local postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or ''
-- Cureyê lêkerê
local verbStruc = conj.verbStruct(baseOpts.isCompoundVerb, baseOpts.preSimpleVerb)
if (verbStruc == 'preverbVerb') then
verbStruc = 'pêkhatî'
elseif (verbStruc == 'compoundVerb') then
verbStruc = 'hevedudanî'
else
verbStruc = 'xwerû'
end
local prsStemsFormat = {}
for _, stem in ipairs(presentStems) do
if stem then prsStemsFormat[#prsStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
end
local pstStemsFormat = {}
for _, stem in ipairs(pastStems) do
if stem then pstStemsFormat[#pstStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
end
local prsStems = table.concat(prsStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb
local pstStems = table.concat(pstStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb
return
'{| align="center" class="conj-table"'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" class="title" | Tewandina lêkera [[' .. verb .. ']]<br><span style="font-weight:normal;">(' .. verbStruc .. ', ' .. transitivity .. ')</span>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan="2" class="present-stem" | Rehê dema niha'
.. '\n! colspan="6" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center; border-bottom:dotted 1px grey;" | ' .. prsStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan="2" class="past-stem" | Rehê dema borî'
.. '\n! colspan="6" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center;" | ' .. pstStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" id="imp" class="mood" | Raweya fermanî - <small><i>Imperative</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" valign="top" | '
.. '\n{| cellpadding="2" class="tense-table"'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! class="negative" | Erênî'
.. '\n! class="positive" | Neyînî'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(tû)</span> ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.s2
.. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(tû)</span> ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.s2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(hûn)</span> ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.p2
.. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(hûn)</span> ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.p2
..'\n|}'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" id="ind" class="mood" | Raweya pêşkerî - <small><i>Indicative</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPresent')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPreterite')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indImperfect')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuture')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuturePerfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPerfect')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indNwPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" id="subj" class="mood" | Raweya xwestekî - <small><i>Subjunctive</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPresent')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPreterite')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subjImperfect')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" id="cond" class="mood" | Raweya mercî - <small><i>Conditional</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('condPresent')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('condPreterite')
.. '\n|}'
end
return export
qbalysa19xf18ldun2n8mr1lw68uvha
6236187
6236180
2026-05-27T06:44:45Z
Ghybu
1393
6236187
Scribunto
text/plain
local conj = require('Modul:ku-tewandin')
local export = {}
function export.tablo(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local baseOpts = {
isTransitive = args['form'],
isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or '',
postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or '',
overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil,
overrideDi = args['di'] or nil,
overrideNa = args['na'] or nil,
overrideNe = args['ne'] or nil,
impNegForm = nil
}
local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}
if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = true
elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = false
else
return '<span style="color:red">form = gerghuhêz / negerguhêz</span>'
end
if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
else
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
end
-- Conjugation table in all tenses
local conjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems)
-- Negatives conjugations table
local negConjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, 'negative')
-- Creation of internal conjugation tables for the different tenses
local function conjugateTable(tense)
-- First, create the table header.
local tabHeader = '\n! colspan="2" id="' .. conjTab[tense].name .. '"'
.. 'class="' .. conjTab[tense].stem .. '-stem tense-table-title" |'
.. conjTab[tense].nameKu
.. '- <small><i>-{'.. conjTab[tense].nameEn ..'}-</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! class="negative" | Erênî'
.. '\n! class="positive" | Neyînî'
.. '\n|-'
-- Create the table body.
local tabBody = ''
for _, pers in ipairs(conj.order) do
tabBody = tabBody .. '\n|' .. conjTab[tense].conj[pers]
.. '\n|' .. negConjTab[tense].conj[pers]
.. '\n|-'
end
-- Create the table (header + body).
local tab = '\n{| cellpadding="2" class="tense-table"'
.. '\n|-'
.. tabHeader
.. tabBody
.. '\n|}'
return tab
end
--Retrieving some parameters for creating the main table header
local verb = args[1]
local transitivity = args['form']
local preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or ''
local postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or ''
-- Cureyê lêkerê
local verbStruc = conj.verbStruct(baseOpts.isCompoundVerb, baseOpts.preSimpleVerb)
if (verbStruc == 'preverbVerb') then
verbStruc = 'pêkhatî'
elseif (verbStruc == 'compoundVerb') then
verbStruc = 'hevedudanî'
else
verbStruc = 'xwerû'
end
local prsStemsFormat = {}
for _, stem in ipairs(presentStems) do
if stem then prsStemsFormat[#prsStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
end
local pstStemsFormat = {}
for _, stem in ipairs(pastStems) do
if stem then pstStemsFormat[#pstStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
end
local prsStems = table.concat(prsStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb
local pstStems = table.concat(pstStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb
return
'{| align="center" class="conj-table"'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" class="title" | Tewandina lêkera [[' .. verb .. ']]<br><span style="font-weight:normal;">(' .. verbStruc .. ', ' .. transitivity .. ')</span>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan="2" class="present-stem" | Rehê dema niha'
.. '\n! colspan="6" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center; border-bottom:dotted 1px grey;" | ' .. prsStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan="2" class="past-stem" | Rehê dema borî'
.. '\n! colspan="6" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center;" | ' .. pstStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" id="imp" class="mood" | Raweya fermanî - <small><i>Imperative</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" valign="top" | '
.. '\n{| cellpadding="2" class="tense-table"'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="2" class="present-stem" style="border:1px dotted grey"| '
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! class="negative" | Erênî'
.. '\n! class="positive" | Neyînî'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(tû)</span> ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.s2
.. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(tû)</span> ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.s2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(hûn)</span> ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.p2
.. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(hûn)</span> ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.p2
..'\n|}'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" id="ind" class="mood" | Raweya pêşkerî - <small><i>Indicative</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPresent')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPreterite')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indImperfect')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuture')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuturePerfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPerfect')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indNwPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" id="subj" class="mood" | Raweya xwestekî - <small><i>Subjunctive</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPresent')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPreterite')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subjImperfect')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" id="cond" class="mood" | Raweya mercî - <small><i>Conditional</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('condPresent')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('condPreterite')
.. '\n|}'
end
return export
lpv5plvr6xtdxrcvxyg0zt1x2gx4dd6
Gotûbêja modulê:ku-tewandin
829
628996
6236094
6236069
2026-05-26T21:41:27Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Ergatîvî */ Bersiv
6236094
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{arşîvkirin|1=
* [[Gotûbêja modulê:ku-tewandin/arşîv 1|Arşîv 1]]
}}
== Ergatîvî ==
; Lêkera ''[[Tewandin:kirin#indPreterite|kirin]]'' (dema borî):
{| class="wikitable"
|+ {{reng2|green|Biker}} + Berkar {{nobold|(bireser/obje)}} + lêkera tewandî
|-
! {{reng2|green|Biker}} \ Berkar !! ez !! tu !! ew/– !! em !! hûn !! ew
|-
! {{reng2|green|min}}
| <u>xwe</u> kirim || kirî || style="background-color:#FFF9E0"| kir || kirin || kirin || kirin
|-
! {{reng2|green|te}}
| kirim || <u>xwe</u> kirî || style="background-color:#FFF9E0"| kir || kirin || kirin || kirin
|-
! {{reng2|green|wê/wî}}
| kirim || kirî || style="background-color:#FFF9E0"| <u>xwe</u>/– kir || kirin || kirin || kirin
|-
! {{reng2|green|me}}
| kirim || kirî || style="background-color:#FFF9E0"| kir || <u>xwe</u> kirin || kirin || kirin
|-
! {{reng2|green|we}}
| kirim || kirî || style="background-color:#FFF9E0"| kir || kirin || <u>xwe</u> kirin || kirin
|-
! {{reng2|green|wan}}
| kirim || kirî || style="background-color:#FFF9E0"| kir || kirin || kirin || <u>xwe</u> kirin
|}
* <u>Xwandina tabloyê</u> ({{reng2|green|Bik.}} + '''Berk.''' + ''L''):
*:stûn1 ('''Berk.'''=ez): {{reng2|green|min}} '''ez''' <u>xwe</u> kirim; {{reng2|green|te}} '''ez''' kirim; {{reng2|green|wê/wî}} '''ez''' kirim; {{reng2|green|me}} '''ez''' kirim; {{reng2|green|we}} '''ez''' kirim; {{reng2|green|hûn}} '''ez''' kirim
*:stûn2 ('''Berk.'''=tu): {{reng2|green|min}} '''tu''' kirî; {{reng2|green|te}} '''tu''' <u>xwe</u> kirî; {{reng2|green|wê/wî}} '''tu''' kirî; {{reng2|green|me}} '''tu''' kirî; ...
*:stûn3 ('''Berk.'''=ew/–): {{reng2|green|min}} '''(ew)''' kir; {{reng2|green|te}} '''(ew)''' kir; {{reng2|green|wê/wî}} '''(ew <u>xwe</u>)''' kir; {{reng2|green|me}} '''(ew)''' kir; ...
*: ...
Silav, em tewandinên lêkerên gerguhêz wekî tabloya jor tevlî Tabloya tewandinê ([[Tewandin:kirin]]) bikin? {{ping|Ferhengvan|Bikarhêner|Keyomerd}} [[Bikarhêner:Ghybu|Ghybu]] ([[Gotûbêja bikarhêner:Ghybu|gotûbêj]]) 23:21, 11 gulan 2026 (UTC)
:Ê min ket serê min. Lê min beşên ko "xwe" dihewînin fam nekir. Divê bo nimûne "min xwe kir" be, an jî "min ez kirim" be lê jixwe tiştekî werê jî tune ye. [[Bikarhêner:Keyomerd|Keyomerd]] ([[Gotûbêja bikarhêner:Keyomerd|gotûbêj]]) 08:36, 12 gulan 2026 (UTC)
::Bi vî awayî?
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" style=" border-collapse:collapse;" align=center
|+ {{{ser|}}}
|-style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey; border-top:solid 1px grey;"
!id="11" colspan="2" bgcolor=#FFFFE0|[[Pêvek:Rastnivîsî/Lêker/Dema niha|Dema niha]] - <small>''Present''</small>
!colspan="4" bgcolor=#ececff|[[Pêvek:Rastnivîsî/Lêker/Dema borî ya sade|Raboriya sade]] - <small>''Preterite''</small><br><small>Dema boriya têdeyî</small>
|-
|bgcolor=#F4F4F4|Erênî
|bgcolor=#F4F4F4|Neyînî
|bgcolor=#e9e9e9|{{reng2|green|Biker}}
|bgcolor=#e9e9e9|{{reng2|blue|Berkar}}
|bgcolor=#F4F4F4|Erênî
|bgcolor=#F4F4F4|Neyînî
|-
|ez dikim
|ez '''na'''kim
|{{reng2|green|te, wî/wê, we, wan}}
|{{reng2|blue|ez}}
|kirim
|'''ne'''kirim
|-
|tu dikî
|tu '''na'''kî
|{{reng2|green|min, wî/wê, me, wan}}
|{{reng2|blue|tu}}
|kirî
|'''ne'''kirî
|-
|ew dike
|ew '''na'''ke
|{{reng2|green|min, te, wî/wê, me, we, wan}}
|{{reng2|blue|ew}}
|kir
|'''ne'''kir
|-
|em dikin
|em '''na'''kin
|{{reng2|green|te, wî/wê, we, wan}}
|{{reng2|blue|em}}
|kirin
|'''ne'''kirin
|-
|hûn dikin
|hûn '''na'''kin
|{{reng2|green|min, wî/wê, me, wan}}
|{{reng2|blue|hûn}}
|kirin
|'''ne'''kirin
|-
|ew dikin
|ew '''na'''kin
|{{reng2|green|min, te, wî/wê, me, we, wan}}
|{{reng2|blue|ew}}
|kirin
|'''ne'''kirin
|}
::--[[Bikarhêner:Ghybu|Ghybu]] ([[Gotûbêja bikarhêner:Ghybu|gotûbêj]]) 15:26, 20 gulan 2026 (UTC)
:::{{silav|Bikarhêner}}. Tu dikarî van rûpelan çêkî:
:::* [//ku.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Bikarh%C3%AAner:Ghybu/common.js&oldid=6236001] → tevlî [[MediaWiki:Gadget-kuTewandin.js]] bike
:::* <code><nowiki>Stûna bikerê (bireser/obje) di [[Şablon:ku-tewandin|tabloya tewandinê]] de berfire dike.</nowiki></code> → [[MediaWiki:Gadget-kuTewandin]]
:::* <code><nowiki>* kuTewandin[ResourceLoader|default]|kuTewandin.js</nowiki></code> → tevlî beşa "Rû" ([[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition#Rû]]) bike.
:::* '''Encam''': [[Wîkîferheng:ceribandin]] / herwiha rûyê mobîlê û moda tarî jî hatin guherandin...
:::Spas! [[Bikarhêner:Ghybu|Ghybu]] ([[Gotûbêja bikarhêner:Ghybu|gotûbêj]]) 19:25, 24 gulan 2026 (UTC)
::::Çêbû? -- [[Bikarhêner:Bikarhêner|Bikarhêner]] ([[Gotûbêja bikarhêner:Bikarhêner|gotûbêj]]) 09:25, 25 gulan 2026 (UTC)
:::::Vêga çêbû? -- [[Bikarhêner:Bikarhêner|Bikarhêner]] ([[Gotûbêja bikarhêner:Bikarhêner|gotûbêj]]) 17:54, 25 gulan 2026 (UTC)
::::::{{çêbû}} Spas! [[Bikarhêner:Ghybu|Ghybu]] ([[Gotûbêja bikarhêner:Ghybu|gotûbêj]]) 19:50, 25 gulan 2026 (UTC)
:::::::Yên din (her dukên pêşîyê, eger bêkêr bin) jê bibim? -- [[Bikarhêner:Bikarhêner|Bikarhêner]] ([[Gotûbêja bikarhêner:Bikarhêner|gotûbêj]]) 22:24, 25 gulan 2026 (UTC)
::::::::Erê, jê bibe. Spas! [[Bikarhêner:Ghybu|Ghybu]] ([[Gotûbêja bikarhêner:Ghybu|gotûbêj]]) 21:41, 26 gulan 2026 (UTC)
an3nsisvw6saqm1m56gkcqc0wbfmxue
dirûman
0
805342
6236095
6211139
2026-05-26T22:33:46Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Navdêr */
6236095
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{IPA|ku|/dɪɾuːˈmɑːn/}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|dirûman|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[xebat|Xebat]]a [[dirûn]]ê, [[kar]]ê [[dirûn]]ê
#: {{hevmane|ku|xeyat|terzî|cildirû}}
#: {{mk|ku|'''Dirûmana''' vê cilkê gelek cindî ye.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Dirûvan pê derzî '''dirûmanê''' dike.}}
==== Herwiha ====
* {{hw|ku|dirûnkar}}
* {{hw|ku|dirûvan}}
* {{hw|ku|dirwar}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
{{bêetîmolojî}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W|fa|دوخت}}, {{W|fa|دوزندگی}}
{{werger-bin}}
by9eh7xl6s10di8gsvl88mrudz31gmb
6236096
6236095
2026-05-26T22:35:04Z
Ghybu
1393
Guhartoya [[Special:Diff/6236095|6236095]] yê [[Special:Contributions/Ghybu|Ghybu]] ([[User talk:Ghybu|gotûbêj]]) şûnde kir
6236096
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{IPA|ku|/dɪɾuːˈmɑːn/}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|dirûman|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[xebat|Xebat]]a [[dirûn]]ê, [[kar]]ê [[dirûn]]ê
#: '''''Dirûmana''' vê cilkê gelek cindî ye.''
#: ''Dirûvan pê derzî '''dirûmanê''' dike.''
==== Etîmolojî ====
{{bêetîmolojî}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W|fa|دوخت}}, {{W|fa|دوزندگی}}
{{werger-bin}}
am0cjgtackji22bpipki8ic8ljjav4o
6236115
6236096
2026-05-27T01:48:41Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Etîmolojî */
6236115
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{IPA|ku|/dɪɾuːˈmɑːn/}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|dirûman|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[xebat|Xebat]]a [[dirûn]]ê, [[kar]]ê [[dirûn]]ê
#: '''''Dirûmana''' vê cilkê gelek cindî ye.''
#: ''Dirûvan pê derzî '''dirûmanê''' dike.''
==== Etîmolojî ====
{{bêetîmolojî}}
==== Bi zaravayên din ====
* Soranî: {{W-|ckb|دروومان}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W|fa|دوخت}}, {{W|fa|دوزندگی}}
{{werger-bin}}
buxt4lvany688kzaxo6iqrxhtw1k6x2
6236116
6236115
2026-05-27T01:53:36Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Navdêr */
6236116
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{IPA|ku|/dɪɾuːˈmɑːn/}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|dirûman|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[xebat|Xebat]]a [[dirûn]]ê, [[kar]]ê [[dirûn]]ê
#: {{mk|ku|'''Dirûmana''' vê cilkê gelek cindî ye.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Dirûvan pê derzî '''dirûmanê''' dike.}}
==== Binêre herwiha ====
{{kol3|ku|dirûvan|xeyat|terzî|cildirû|dirwar|dirûnkar}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
{{bêetîmolojî}}
==== Bi zaravayên din ====
* Soranî: {{W-|ckb|دروومان}}, {{W-|ckb|خەیاتی}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W|fa|دوخت}}, {{W|fa|دوزندگی}}
{{werger-bin}}
6jrrke0dyxwjkhx7p8re8p7y02cnxoq
6236117
6236116
2026-05-27T01:57:11Z
Ghybu
1393
/* Etîmolojî */
6236117
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{IPA|ku|/dɪɾuːˈmɑːn/}}
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|dirûman|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[xebat|Xebat]]a [[dirûn]]ê, [[kar]]ê [[dirûn]]ê
#: {{mk|ku|'''Dirûmana''' vê cilkê gelek cindî ye.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Dirûvan pê derzî '''dirûmanê''' dike.}}
==== Binêre herwiha ====
{{kol3|ku|dirûvan|xeyat|terzî|cildirû|dirwar|dirûnkar}}
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{q|ku|dirûn}}.
{{bêetîmolojî}}
==== Bi zaravayên din ====
* Soranî: {{W-|ckb|دروومان}}, {{W-|ckb|خەیاتی}}
==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W|fa|دوخت}}, {{W|fa|دوزندگی}}
{{werger-bin}}
7rwux93drcjwqvuquc7rzwn9bn78upb
Branch
0
884123
6236082
4789403
2026-05-26T12:27:01Z
Wikihez
7344
/* */ bi [[MediaWiki:Gadget-AjaxEdit.js|AjaxEdit]]ê re
6236082
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{bnr-h|branch}}
== {{ziman|en}} ==
=== Serenav ===
{{serenav|en}}
# {{paşnav|en}}
de5fc03v1uiqa1nucms5j01h74bkh5l
Şablon:ku-tewandin/style.css
10
1325186
6236163
6236073
2026-05-27T04:46:06Z
Ghybu
1393
6236163
sanitized-css
text/css
/* [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]] */
.conj-table {
background-color: transparent;
border-collapse: collapse;
border-spacing: 0px;
}
.conj-table th, .conj-table td {
padding: 3px;
}
.conj-table a.new {
color: inherit;
text-decoration: none;
cursor: pointer;
}
.conj-table .title {
text-align: center;
font-weight: bold;
background-color: #FFCC99;
border-top: 1px solid grey;
border-bottom: 1px solid grey;
}
.tense-table {
width: 100%;
background-color: transparent;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
.tense-table-title {
border-top: solid 1px grey;
border-bottom: solid 1px grey;
}
.tense-table-title:target {
background-color: #d9ebff;
}
.mood {
text-align: center;
font-weight: bold;
background-color: #FFDCA8;
border-bottom: solid 1px grey;
border-top: solid 1px grey;
}
.negative, .positive {
background-color: #F4F4F4;
color: gray;
text-align: left;
}
.present-stem {
background-color: #FFFFE0;
}
.past-stem {
background-color: #ECECFF;
}
.particle {
float:right;
color: black;
white-space: nowrap;
}
/* Dark mode */
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .particle {
color: white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .tense-table-title {
border-bottom: solid 1px #211f39;
border-top: solid 1px #211f39;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .negative,
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .positive {
background-color: #211f39;
color: #54595d;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .conj-table {
background-color: #1a1a2a;
color:white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .title {
background-color: #2c2a4c;
color: white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mood {
background-color: #2c2a4c;
color: white;
border-bottom: solid 1px #e4e6f0;
border-top: solid 1px #e4e6f0;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .present-stem {
background-color: #ffd08c;
color: black;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .past-stem {
background-color: #b4a8ff;
color: black;
}
/***** vertical lay-out on narrow screens, both desktop and mobile *****/
@media screen and ( max-width: 748px ) {
.conj-table,
.conj-table > tbody,
.conj-table > tbody > tr,
.conj-table > tbody > tr > td {
display: block;
width: 100% !important;
height: auto;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.tense-table {
display: table !important;
}
}
j88qaczbdao0wpua0nkqf26iqq5negc
6236164
6236163
2026-05-27T04:52:23Z
Ghybu
1393
6236164
sanitized-css
text/css
/* [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]] */
.conj-table {
background-color: transparent;
border-collapse: collapse;
border-spacing: 0px;
}
.conj-table th, .conj-table td {
padding: 3px;
}
.conj-table a.new {
color: inherit;
text-decoration: none;
cursor: pointer;
}
.conj-table .title {
text-align: center;
font-weight: bold;
background-color: #FFCC99;
border-top: 1px solid grey;
border-bottom: 1px solid grey;
}
.tense-table {
width: 100%;
background-color: transparent;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
.tense-table-title {
border-top: solid 1px grey;
border-bottom: solid 1px grey;
}
past-stem.tense-table-title:target {
background-color: #e3f2fd;
}
present-stem.tense-table-title:target {
background-color: #fff9c4;
}
.mood {
text-align: center;
font-weight: bold;
background-color: #FFDCA8;
border-bottom: solid 1px grey;
border-top: solid 1px grey;
}
.negative, .positive {
background-color: #F4F4F4;
color: gray;
text-align: left;
}
.present-stem {
background-color: #FFFFE0;
}
.past-stem {
background-color: #ECECFF;
}
.particle {
float:right;
color: black;
white-space: nowrap;
}
/* Dark mode */
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .particle {
color: white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .tense-table-title {
border-bottom: solid 1px #211f39;
border-top: solid 1px #211f39;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .negative,
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .positive {
background-color: #211f39;
color: #54595d;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .conj-table {
background-color: #1a1a2a;
color:white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .title {
background-color: #2c2a4c;
color: white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mood {
background-color: #2c2a4c;
color: white;
border-bottom: solid 1px #e4e6f0;
border-top: solid 1px #e4e6f0;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .present-stem {
background-color: #ffd08c;
color: black;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .past-stem {
background-color: #b4a8ff;
color: black;
}
/***** vertical lay-out on narrow screens, both desktop and mobile *****/
@media screen and ( max-width: 748px ) {
.conj-table,
.conj-table > tbody,
.conj-table > tbody > tr,
.conj-table > tbody > tr > td {
display: block;
width: 100% !important;
height: auto;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.tense-table {
display: table !important;
}
}
0jpb5dn0h1zf1e7e3tlol810h4ohr9c
6236165
6236164
2026-05-27T04:53:09Z
Ghybu
1393
6236165
sanitized-css
text/css
/* [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]] */
.conj-table {
background-color: transparent;
border-collapse: collapse;
border-spacing: 0px;
}
.conj-table th, .conj-table td {
padding: 3px;
}
.conj-table a.new {
color: inherit;
text-decoration: none;
cursor: pointer;
}
.conj-table .title {
text-align: center;
font-weight: bold;
background-color: #FFCC99;
border-top: 1px solid grey;
border-bottom: 1px solid grey;
}
.tense-table {
width: 100%;
background-color: transparent;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
.tense-table-title {
border-top: solid 1px grey;
border-bottom: solid 1px grey;
}
.past-stem.tense-table-title:target {
background-color: #e3f2fd;
}
.present-stem.tense-table-title:target {
background-color: #fff9c4;
}
.mood {
text-align: center;
font-weight: bold;
background-color: #FFDCA8;
border-bottom: solid 1px grey;
border-top: solid 1px grey;
}
.negative, .positive {
background-color: #F4F4F4;
color: gray;
text-align: left;
}
.present-stem {
background-color: #FFFFE0;
}
.past-stem {
background-color: #ECECFF;
}
.particle {
float:right;
color: black;
white-space: nowrap;
}
/* Dark mode */
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .particle {
color: white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .tense-table-title {
border-bottom: solid 1px #211f39;
border-top: solid 1px #211f39;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .negative,
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .positive {
background-color: #211f39;
color: #54595d;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .conj-table {
background-color: #1a1a2a;
color:white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .title {
background-color: #2c2a4c;
color: white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mood {
background-color: #2c2a4c;
color: white;
border-bottom: solid 1px #e4e6f0;
border-top: solid 1px #e4e6f0;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .present-stem {
background-color: #ffd08c;
color: black;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .past-stem {
background-color: #b4a8ff;
color: black;
}
/***** vertical lay-out on narrow screens, both desktop and mobile *****/
@media screen and ( max-width: 748px ) {
.conj-table,
.conj-table > tbody,
.conj-table > tbody > tr,
.conj-table > tbody > tr > td {
display: block;
width: 100% !important;
height: auto;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.tense-table {
display: table !important;
}
}
2yfu0zwoilijuci6w6raq367vymvsly
6236166
6236165
2026-05-27T05:00:46Z
Ghybu
1393
6236166
sanitized-css
text/css
/* [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]] */
.conj-table {
background-color: transparent;
border-collapse: collapse;
border-spacing: 0px;
}
.conj-table th, .conj-table td {
padding: 3px;
}
.conj-table a.new {
color: inherit;
text-decoration: none;
cursor: pointer;
}
.conj-table .title {
text-align: center;
font-weight: bold;
background-color: #FFCC99;
border-top: 1px solid grey;
border-bottom: 1px solid grey;
}
.tense-table {
width: 100%;
background-color: transparent;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
.tense-table-title {
border-top: solid 1px grey;
border-bottom: solid 1px grey;
}
.present-stem.tense-table-title:target {
background-color: #f59d;
}
.past-stem.tense-table-title:target {
background-color: #fff59d;
}
.mood {
text-align: center;
font-weight: bold;
background-color: #FFDCA8;
border-bottom: solid 1px grey;
border-top: solid 1px grey;
}
.negative, .positive {
background-color: #F4F4F4;
color: gray;
text-align: left;
}
.present-stem {
background-color: #fff9c4;
}
.past-stem {
background-color: #ECECFF;
}
.particle {
float:right;
color: black;
white-space: nowrap;
}
/* Dark mode */
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .particle {
color: white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .tense-table-title {
border-bottom: solid 1px #211f39;
border-top: solid 1px #211f39;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .negative,
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .positive {
background-color: #211f39;
color: #54595d;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .conj-table {
background-color: #1a1a2a;
color:white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .title {
background-color: #2c2a4c;
color: white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mood {
background-color: #2c2a4c;
color: white;
border-bottom: solid 1px #e4e6f0;
border-top: solid 1px #e4e6f0;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .present-stem {
background-color: #ffd08c;
color: black;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .past-stem {
background-color: #b4a8ff;
color: black;
}
/***** vertical lay-out on narrow screens, both desktop and mobile *****/
@media screen and ( max-width: 748px ) {
.conj-table,
.conj-table > tbody,
.conj-table > tbody > tr,
.conj-table > tbody > tr > td {
display: block;
width: 100% !important;
height: auto;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.tense-table {
display: table !important;
}
}
7223m8fr92ufu8k6umbdmyq3r2ax75v
6236167
6236166
2026-05-27T05:02:11Z
Ghybu
1393
6236167
sanitized-css
text/css
/* [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]] */
.conj-table {
background-color: transparent;
border-collapse: collapse;
border-spacing: 0px;
}
.conj-table th, .conj-table td {
padding: 3px;
}
.conj-table a.new {
color: inherit;
text-decoration: none;
cursor: pointer;
}
.conj-table .title {
text-align: center;
font-weight: bold;
background-color: #FFCC99;
border-top: 1px solid grey;
border-bottom: 1px solid grey;
}
.tense-table {
width: 100%;
background-color: transparent;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
.tense-table-title {
border-top: solid 1px grey;
border-bottom: solid 1px grey;
}
.present-stem.tense-table-title:target {
background-color: #fff59d;
}
.past-stem.tense-table-title:target {
background-color: #bbdefb;
}
.mood {
text-align: center;
font-weight: bold;
background-color: #FFDCA8;
border-bottom: solid 1px grey;
border-top: solid 1px grey;
}
.negative, .positive {
background-color: #F4F4F4;
color: gray;
text-align: left;
}
.present-stem {
background-color: #fff9c4;
}
.past-stem {
background-color: #ECECFF;
}
.particle {
float:right;
color: black;
white-space: nowrap;
}
/* Dark mode */
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .particle {
color: white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .tense-table-title {
border-bottom: solid 1px #211f39;
border-top: solid 1px #211f39;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .negative,
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .positive {
background-color: #211f39;
color: #54595d;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .conj-table {
background-color: #1a1a2a;
color:white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .title {
background-color: #2c2a4c;
color: white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mood {
background-color: #2c2a4c;
color: white;
border-bottom: solid 1px #e4e6f0;
border-top: solid 1px #e4e6f0;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .present-stem {
background-color: #ffd08c;
color: black;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .past-stem {
background-color: #b4a8ff;
color: black;
}
/***** vertical lay-out on narrow screens, both desktop and mobile *****/
@media screen and ( max-width: 748px ) {
.conj-table,
.conj-table > tbody,
.conj-table > tbody > tr,
.conj-table > tbody > tr > td {
display: block;
width: 100% !important;
height: auto;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.tense-table {
display: table !important;
}
}
78fhi2a77pc39z1fh925rgor9wpok8k
6236168
6236167
2026-05-27T05:09:49Z
Ghybu
1393
6236168
sanitized-css
text/css
/* [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]] */
.conj-table {
background-color: transparent;
border-collapse: collapse;
border-spacing: 0px;
}
.conj-table th, .conj-table td {
padding: 3px;
}
.conj-table a.new {
color: inherit;
text-decoration: none;
cursor: pointer;
}
.conj-table .title {
text-align: center;
font-weight: bold;
background-color: #FFCC99;
border-top: 1px solid grey;
border-bottom: 1px solid grey;
}
.tense-table {
width: 100%;
background-color: transparent;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
.tense-table-title {
border-top: solid 1px grey;
border-bottom: solid 1px grey;
}
.present-stem.tense-table-title:target {
background-color: #fff29e;
}
.past-stem.tense-table-title:target {
background-color: #d4d4ff;
}
.mood {
text-align: center;
font-weight: bold;
background-color: #FFDCA8;
border-bottom: solid 1px grey;
border-top: solid 1px grey;
}
.negative, .positive {
background-color: #F4F4F4;
color: gray;
text-align: left;
}
.present-stem {
background-color: #fff9c4;
}
.past-stem {
background-color: #ECECFF;
}
.particle {
float:right;
color: black;
white-space: nowrap;
}
/* Dark mode */
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .particle {
color: white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .tense-table-title {
border-bottom: solid 1px #211f39;
border-top: solid 1px #211f39;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .negative,
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .positive {
background-color: #211f39;
color: #54595d;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .conj-table {
background-color: #1a1a2a;
color:white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .title {
background-color: #2c2a4c;
color: white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mood {
background-color: #2c2a4c;
color: white;
border-bottom: solid 1px #e4e6f0;
border-top: solid 1px #e4e6f0;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .present-stem {
background-color: #ffd08c;
color: black;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .past-stem {
background-color: #b4a8ff;
color: black;
}
/***** vertical lay-out on narrow screens, both desktop and mobile *****/
@media screen and ( max-width: 748px ) {
.conj-table,
.conj-table > tbody,
.conj-table > tbody > tr,
.conj-table > tbody > tr > td {
display: block;
width: 100% !important;
height: auto;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.tense-table {
display: table !important;
}
}
fomc5f6yey7r08m2fhm1t71n1hvpv9v
6236169
6236168
2026-05-27T05:12:27Z
Ghybu
1393
6236169
sanitized-css
text/css
/* [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]] */
.conj-table {
background-color: transparent;
border-collapse: collapse;
border-spacing: 0px;
}
.conj-table th, .conj-table td {
padding: 3px;
}
.conj-table a.new {
color: inherit;
text-decoration: none;
cursor: pointer;
}
.conj-table .title {
text-align: center;
font-weight: bold;
background-color: #FFCC99;
border-top: 1px solid grey;
border-bottom: 1px solid grey;
}
.tense-table {
width: 100%;
background-color: transparent;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
.tense-table-title {
border-top: solid 1px grey;
border-bottom: solid 1px grey;
}
.present-stem.tense-table-title:target {
background-color: #ffed9f;
}
.past-stem.tense-table-title:target {
background-color: #c8c8ff;
}
.mood {
text-align: center;
font-weight: bold;
background-color: #FFDCA8;
border-bottom: solid 1px grey;
border-top: solid 1px grey;
}
.negative, .positive {
background-color: #F4F4F4;
color: gray;
text-align: left;
}
.present-stem {
background-color: #fff9c4;
}
.past-stem {
background-color: #ECECFF;
}
.particle {
float:right;
color: black;
white-space: nowrap;
}
/* Dark mode */
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .particle {
color: white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .tense-table-title {
border-bottom: solid 1px #211f39;
border-top: solid 1px #211f39;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .negative,
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .positive {
background-color: #211f39;
color: #54595d;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .conj-table {
background-color: #1a1a2a;
color:white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .title {
background-color: #2c2a4c;
color: white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mood {
background-color: #2c2a4c;
color: white;
border-bottom: solid 1px #e4e6f0;
border-top: solid 1px #e4e6f0;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .present-stem {
background-color: #ffd08c;
color: black;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .past-stem {
background-color: #b4a8ff;
color: black;
}
/***** vertical lay-out on narrow screens, both desktop and mobile *****/
@media screen and ( max-width: 748px ) {
.conj-table,
.conj-table > tbody,
.conj-table > tbody > tr,
.conj-table > tbody > tr > td {
display: block;
width: 100% !important;
height: auto;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.tense-table {
display: table !important;
}
}
toofretrya9ogkbfhx435giui51xxkz
6236170
6236169
2026-05-27T05:15:06Z
Ghybu
1393
6236170
sanitized-css
text/css
/* [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]] */
.conj-table {
background-color: transparent;
border-collapse: collapse;
border-spacing: 0px;
}
.conj-table th, .conj-table td {
padding: 3px;
}
.conj-table a.new {
color: inherit;
text-decoration: none;
cursor: pointer;
}
.conj-table .title {
text-align: center;
font-weight: bold;
background-color: #FFCC99;
border-top: 1px solid grey;
border-bottom: 1px solid grey;
}
.tense-table {
width: 100%;
background-color: transparent;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
.tense-table-title {
border-top: solid 1px grey;
border-bottom: solid 1px grey;
}
.present-stem.tense-table-title:target {
background-color: #ffed9f;
box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 3px #ffe066;
border-left: 5px solid #f5b800;
}
.past-stem.tense-table-title:target {
background-color: #c8c8ff;
}
.mood {
text-align: center;
font-weight: bold;
background-color: #FFDCA8;
border-bottom: solid 1px grey;
border-top: solid 1px grey;
}
.negative, .positive {
background-color: #F4F4F4;
color: gray;
text-align: left;
}
.present-stem {
background-color: #fff9c4;
}
.past-stem {
background-color: #ECECFF;
}
.particle {
float:right;
color: black;
white-space: nowrap;
}
/* Dark mode */
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .particle {
color: white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .tense-table-title {
border-bottom: solid 1px #211f39;
border-top: solid 1px #211f39;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .negative,
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .positive {
background-color: #211f39;
color: #54595d;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .conj-table {
background-color: #1a1a2a;
color:white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .title {
background-color: #2c2a4c;
color: white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mood {
background-color: #2c2a4c;
color: white;
border-bottom: solid 1px #e4e6f0;
border-top: solid 1px #e4e6f0;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .present-stem {
background-color: #ffd08c;
color: black;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .past-stem {
background-color: #b4a8ff;
color: black;
}
/***** vertical lay-out on narrow screens, both desktop and mobile *****/
@media screen and ( max-width: 748px ) {
.conj-table,
.conj-table > tbody,
.conj-table > tbody > tr,
.conj-table > tbody > tr > td {
display: block;
width: 100% !important;
height: auto;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.tense-table {
display: table !important;
}
}
po8brxly6g6isd7f45ebpiool6mayd1
6236171
6236170
2026-05-27T05:22:09Z
Ghybu
1393
6236171
sanitized-css
text/css
/* [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]] */
.conj-table {
background-color: transparent;
border-collapse: collapse;
border-spacing: 0px;
}
.conj-table th, .conj-table td {
padding: 3px;
}
.conj-table a.new {
color: inherit;
text-decoration: none;
cursor: pointer;
}
.conj-table .title {
text-align: center;
font-weight: bold;
background-color: #FFCC99;
border-top: 1px solid grey;
border-bottom: 1px solid grey;
}
.tense-table {
width: 100%;
background-color: transparent;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
.tense-table-title {
border-top: solid 1px grey;
border-bottom: solid 1px grey;
}
.present-stem.tense-table-title:target {
background-color: #ffed9f !important;
transition: background-color 1.2s ease;
}
.past-stem.tense-table-title:target {
background-color: #c8c8ff !important;
transition: background-color 1.2s ease;
}
.mood {
text-align: center;
font-weight: bold;
background-color: #FFDCA8;
border-bottom: solid 1px grey;
border-top: solid 1px grey;
}
.negative, .positive {
background-color: #F4F4F4;
color: gray;
text-align: left;
}
.present-stem {
background-color: #fff9c4;
}
.past-stem {
background-color: #ECECFF;
}
.particle {
float:right;
color: black;
white-space: nowrap;
}
/* Dark mode */
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .particle {
color: white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .tense-table-title {
border-bottom: solid 1px #211f39;
border-top: solid 1px #211f39;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .negative,
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .positive {
background-color: #211f39;
color: #54595d;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .conj-table {
background-color: #1a1a2a;
color:white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .title {
background-color: #2c2a4c;
color: white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mood {
background-color: #2c2a4c;
color: white;
border-bottom: solid 1px #e4e6f0;
border-top: solid 1px #e4e6f0;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .present-stem {
background-color: #ffd08c;
color: black;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .past-stem {
background-color: #b4a8ff;
color: black;
}
/***** vertical lay-out on narrow screens, both desktop and mobile *****/
@media screen and ( max-width: 748px ) {
.conj-table,
.conj-table > tbody,
.conj-table > tbody > tr,
.conj-table > tbody > tr > td {
display: block;
width: 100% !important;
height: auto;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.tense-table {
display: table !important;
}
}
hcr1m6qt767289xgk8kuu3m2pk30ay3
6236172
6236171
2026-05-27T05:24:53Z
Ghybu
1393
6236172
sanitized-css
text/css
/* [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]] */
.conj-table {
background-color: transparent;
border-collapse: collapse;
border-spacing: 0px;
}
.conj-table th, .conj-table td {
padding: 3px;
}
.conj-table a.new {
color: inherit;
text-decoration: none;
cursor: pointer;
}
.conj-table .title {
text-align: center;
font-weight: bold;
background-color: #FFCC99;
border-top: 1px solid grey;
border-bottom: 1px solid grey;
}
.tense-table {
width: 100%;
background-color: transparent;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
.tense-table-title {
border-top: solid 1px grey;
border-bottom: solid 1px grey;
}
.present-stem.tense-table-title:target {
background-color: #ffe680 !important;
}
.past-stem.tense-table-title:target {
background-color: #c8c8ff !important;
transition: background-color 1.2s ease;
}
.mood {
text-align: center;
font-weight: bold;
background-color: #FFDCA8;
border-bottom: solid 1px grey;
border-top: solid 1px grey;
}
.negative, .positive {
background-color: #F4F4F4;
color: gray;
text-align: left;
}
.present-stem {
background-color: #fff9c4;
}
.past-stem {
background-color: #ECECFF;
}
.particle {
float:right;
color: black;
white-space: nowrap;
}
/* Dark mode */
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .particle {
color: white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .tense-table-title {
border-bottom: solid 1px #211f39;
border-top: solid 1px #211f39;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .negative,
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .positive {
background-color: #211f39;
color: #54595d;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .conj-table {
background-color: #1a1a2a;
color:white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .title {
background-color: #2c2a4c;
color: white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mood {
background-color: #2c2a4c;
color: white;
border-bottom: solid 1px #e4e6f0;
border-top: solid 1px #e4e6f0;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .present-stem {
background-color: #ffd08c;
color: black;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .past-stem {
background-color: #b4a8ff;
color: black;
}
/***** vertical lay-out on narrow screens, both desktop and mobile *****/
@media screen and ( max-width: 748px ) {
.conj-table,
.conj-table > tbody,
.conj-table > tbody > tr,
.conj-table > tbody > tr > td {
display: block;
width: 100% !important;
height: auto;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.tense-table {
display: table !important;
}
}
mxju4em9i9lxo8ezqavi74y6ogvmvh1
6236173
6236172
2026-05-27T05:32:44Z
Ghybu
1393
6236173
sanitized-css
text/css
/* [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]] */
.conj-table {
background-color: transparent;
border-collapse: collapse;
border-spacing: 0px;
}
.conj-table th, .conj-table td {
padding: 3px;
}
.conj-table a.new {
color: inherit;
text-decoration: none;
cursor: pointer;
}
.conj-table .title {
text-align: center;
font-weight: bold;
background-color: #FFCC99;
border-top: 1px solid grey;
border-bottom: 1px solid grey;
}
.tense-table {
width: 100%;
background-color: transparent;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
.tense-table-title {
border-top: solid 1px grey;
border-bottom: solid 1px grey;
}
.present-stem.tense-table-title:target {
background-color: #ffe680 !important;
transition: background-color 1.2s ease;
}
.past-stem.tense-table-title:target {
background-color: #b8b8ff !important;
transition: background-color 1.2s ease;
}
.mood {
text-align: center;
font-weight: bold;
background-color: #FFDCA8;
border-bottom: solid 1px grey;
border-top: solid 1px grey;
}
.negative, .positive {
background-color: #F4F4F4;
color: gray;
text-align: left;
}
.present-stem {
background-color: #fff9c4;
}
.past-stem {
background-color: #ECECFF;
}
.particle {
float:right;
color: black;
white-space: nowrap;
}
/* Dark mode */
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .particle {
color: white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .tense-table-title {
border-bottom: solid 1px #211f39;
border-top: solid 1px #211f39;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .negative,
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .positive {
background-color: #211f39;
color: #54595d;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .conj-table {
background-color: #1a1a2a;
color:white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .title {
background-color: #2c2a4c;
color: white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mood {
background-color: #2c2a4c;
color: white;
border-bottom: solid 1px #e4e6f0;
border-top: solid 1px #e4e6f0;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .present-stem {
background-color: #ffd08c;
color: black;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .past-stem {
background-color: #b4a8ff;
color: black;
}
/***** vertical lay-out on narrow screens, both desktop and mobile *****/
@media screen and ( max-width: 748px ) {
.conj-table,
.conj-table > tbody,
.conj-table > tbody > tr,
.conj-table > tbody > tr > td {
display: block;
width: 100% !important;
height: auto;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.tense-table {
display: table !important;
}
}
g57ipbkpyntejny2lw5yt5dzuam4g3x
6236175
6236173
2026-05-27T05:41:47Z
Ghybu
1393
---
6236175
sanitized-css
text/css
/* [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]] */
.conj-table {
background-color: transparent;
border-collapse: collapse;
border-spacing: 0px;
}
.conj-table th, .conj-table td {
padding: 3px;
}
.conj-table a.new {
color: inherit;
text-decoration: none;
cursor: pointer;
}
.conj-table .title {
text-align: center;
font-weight: bold;
background-color: #FFCC99;
border-top: 1px solid grey;
border-bottom: 1px solid grey;
}
.tense-table {
width: 100%;
background-color: transparent;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
.tense-table-title {
border-top: solid 1px grey;
border-bottom: solid 1px grey;
}
.present-stem.tense-table-title:target {
background-color: #ffe680 !important;
transition: background-color 1.2s ease;
}
.past-stem.tense-table-title:target {
background-color: #9c9cff !important;
transition: background-color 1.2s ease;
}
.mood {
text-align: center;
font-weight: bold;
background-color: #FFDCA8;
border-bottom: solid 1px grey;
border-top: solid 1px grey;
}
.negative, .positive {
background-color: #F4F4F4;
color: gray;
text-align: left;
}
.present-stem {
background-color: #fff9c4;
}
.past-stem {
background-color: #ECECFF;
}
.particle {
float:right;
color: black;
white-space: nowrap;
}
/* Dark mode */
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .particle {
color: white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .tense-table-title {
border-bottom: solid 1px #211f39;
border-top: solid 1px #211f39;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .negative,
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .positive {
background-color: #211f39;
color: #54595d;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .conj-table {
background-color: #1a1a2a;
color:white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .title {
background-color: #2c2a4c;
color: white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mood {
background-color: #2c2a4c;
color: white;
border-bottom: solid 1px #e4e6f0;
border-top: solid 1px #e4e6f0;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .present-stem {
background-color: #ffd08c;
color: black;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .past-stem {
background-color: #b4a8ff;
color: black;
}
/***** vertical lay-out on narrow screens, both desktop and mobile *****/
@media screen and ( max-width: 748px ) {
.conj-table,
.conj-table > tbody,
.conj-table > tbody > tr,
.conj-table > tbody > tr > td {
display: block;
width: 100% !important;
height: auto;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.tense-table {
display: table !important;
}
}
9ybimjct0lepclabaxovmwlfos7cju4
6236176
6236175
2026-05-27T05:44:20Z
Ghybu
1393
6236176
sanitized-css
text/css
/* [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]] */
.conj-table {
background-color: transparent;
border-collapse: collapse;
border-spacing: 0px;
}
.conj-table th, .conj-table td {
padding: 3px;
}
.conj-table a.new {
color: inherit;
text-decoration: none;
cursor: pointer;
}
.conj-table .title {
text-align: center;
font-weight: bold;
background-color: #FFCC99;
border-top: 1px solid grey;
border-bottom: 1px solid grey;
}
.tense-table {
width: 100%;
background-color: transparent;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
.tense-table-title {
border-top: solid 1px grey;
border-bottom: solid 1px grey;
}
.present-stem.tense-table-title:target {
background-color: #ffe680 !important;
transition: background-color 1.2s ease;
}
.past-stem.tense-table-title:target {
background-color: #d0b8ff !important;
transition: background-color 1.2s ease;
}
.mood {
text-align: center;
font-weight: bold;
background-color: #FFDCA8;
border-bottom: solid 1px grey;
border-top: solid 1px grey;
}
.negative, .positive {
background-color: #F4F4F4;
color: gray;
text-align: left;
}
.present-stem {
background-color: #fff9c4;
}
.past-stem {
background-color: #ECECFF;
}
.particle {
float:right;
color: black;
white-space: nowrap;
}
/* Dark mode */
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .particle {
color: white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .tense-table-title {
border-bottom: solid 1px #211f39;
border-top: solid 1px #211f39;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .negative,
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .positive {
background-color: #211f39;
color: #54595d;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .conj-table {
background-color: #1a1a2a;
color:white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .title {
background-color: #2c2a4c;
color: white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mood {
background-color: #2c2a4c;
color: white;
border-bottom: solid 1px #e4e6f0;
border-top: solid 1px #e4e6f0;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .present-stem {
background-color: #ffd08c;
color: black;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .past-stem {
background-color: #b4a8ff;
color: black;
}
/***** vertical lay-out on narrow screens, both desktop and mobile *****/
@media screen and ( max-width: 748px ) {
.conj-table,
.conj-table > tbody,
.conj-table > tbody > tr,
.conj-table > tbody > tr > td {
display: block;
width: 100% !important;
height: auto;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.tense-table {
display: table !important;
}
}
g3bwtsp2rhhagqn8j6a6l66yrl1209d
6236177
6236176
2026-05-27T05:53:14Z
Ghybu
1393
bt.
6236177
sanitized-css
text/css
/* [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]] */
.conj-table {
background-color: transparent;
border-collapse: collapse;
border-spacing: 0px;
}
.conj-table th, .conj-table td {
padding: 3px;
}
.conj-table a.new {
color: inherit;
text-decoration: none;
cursor: pointer;
}
.conj-table .title {
text-align: center;
font-weight: bold;
background-color: #FFCC99;
border-top: 1px solid grey;
border-bottom: 1px solid grey;
}
.tense-table {
width: 100%;
background-color: transparent;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
.tense-table-title {
border-top: solid 1px grey;
border-bottom: solid 1px grey;
}
.present-stem.tense-table-title:target {
background-color: #ffe680 !important;
transition: background-color 1.2s ease;
}
.past-stem.tense-table-title:target {
background-color: #b8b8ff !important;
transition: background-color 1.2s ease;
}
.mood {
text-align: center;
font-weight: bold;
background-color: #FFDCA8;
border-bottom: solid 1px grey;
border-top: solid 1px grey;
}
.negative, .positive {
background-color: #F4F4F4;
color: gray;
text-align: left;
}
.present-stem {
background-color: #fff9c4;
}
.past-stem {
background-color: #ECECFF;
}
.particle {
float:right;
color: black;
white-space: nowrap;
}
/* Dark mode */
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .particle {
color: white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .tense-table-title {
border-bottom: solid 1px #211f39;
border-top: solid 1px #211f39;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .negative,
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .positive {
background-color: #211f39;
color: #54595d;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .conj-table {
background-color: #1a1a2a;
color:white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .title {
background-color: #2c2a4c;
color: white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mood {
background-color: #2c2a4c;
color: white;
border-bottom: solid 1px #e4e6f0;
border-top: solid 1px #e4e6f0;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .present-stem {
background-color: #ffd08c;
color: black;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .past-stem {
background-color: #b4a8ff;
color: black;
}
/***** vertical lay-out on narrow screens, both desktop and mobile *****/
@media screen and ( max-width: 748px ) {
.conj-table,
.conj-table > tbody,
.conj-table > tbody > tr,
.conj-table > tbody > tr > td {
display: block;
width: 100% !important;
height: auto;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.tense-table {
display: table !important;
}
}
g57ipbkpyntejny2lw5yt5dzuam4g3x
6236178
6236177
2026-05-27T05:57:10Z
Ghybu
1393
Guhartoya [[Special:Diff/6236177|6236177]] yê [[Special:Contributions/Ghybu|Ghybu]] ([[User talk:Ghybu|gotûbêj]]) şûnde kir
6236178
sanitized-css
text/css
/* [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]] */
.conj-table {
background-color: transparent;
border-collapse: collapse;
border-spacing: 0px;
}
.conj-table th, .conj-table td {
padding: 3px;
}
.conj-table a.new {
color: inherit;
text-decoration: none;
cursor: pointer;
}
.conj-table .title {
text-align: center;
font-weight: bold;
background-color: #FFCC99;
border-top: 1px solid grey;
border-bottom: 1px solid grey;
}
.tense-table {
width: 100%;
background-color: transparent;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
.tense-table-title {
border-top: solid 1px grey;
border-bottom: solid 1px grey;
}
.present-stem.tense-table-title:target {
background-color: #ffe680 !important;
transition: background-color 1.2s ease;
}
.past-stem.tense-table-title:target {
background-color: #d0b8ff !important;
transition: background-color 1.2s ease;
}
.mood {
text-align: center;
font-weight: bold;
background-color: #FFDCA8;
border-bottom: solid 1px grey;
border-top: solid 1px grey;
}
.negative, .positive {
background-color: #F4F4F4;
color: gray;
text-align: left;
}
.present-stem {
background-color: #fff9c4;
}
.past-stem {
background-color: #ECECFF;
}
.particle {
float:right;
color: black;
white-space: nowrap;
}
/* Dark mode */
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .particle {
color: white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .tense-table-title {
border-bottom: solid 1px #211f39;
border-top: solid 1px #211f39;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .negative,
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .positive {
background-color: #211f39;
color: #54595d;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .conj-table {
background-color: #1a1a2a;
color:white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .title {
background-color: #2c2a4c;
color: white;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mood {
background-color: #2c2a4c;
color: white;
border-bottom: solid 1px #e4e6f0;
border-top: solid 1px #e4e6f0;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .present-stem {
background-color: #ffd08c;
color: black;
}
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .past-stem {
background-color: #b4a8ff;
color: black;
}
/***** vertical lay-out on narrow screens, both desktop and mobile *****/
@media screen and ( max-width: 748px ) {
.conj-table,
.conj-table > tbody,
.conj-table > tbody > tr,
.conj-table > tbody > tr > td {
display: block;
width: 100% !important;
height: auto;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.tense-table {
display: table !important;
}
}
g3bwtsp2rhhagqn8j6a6l66yrl1209d
Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin
828
1325207
6236090
6236008
2026-05-26T20:14:18Z
Ghybu
1393
6236090
Scribunto
text/plain
-- [[Wîkîferheng:ceribandin]]
-- [[Template:ku-tewandin/ceribandin]]
-- [[Template:ku-tewandin/ceribandin/style.css]]
local conj = require('Modul:ku-tewandin/ceribandin')
local export = {}
function export.tablo(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local baseOpts = {
isTransitive = false,
isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or '',
postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or '',
overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil,
overrideDi = args['di'] or nil,
overrideNa = args['na'] or nil,
overrideNe = args['ne'] or nil,
impNegForm = nil
}
local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}
local transitivity = args['form']
if (transitivity ~= 'gerguhêz' and transitivity ~= 'negerguhêz') then
return '<span style="color:red">form = gerghuhêz / negerguhêz</span>'
end
if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
else
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
end
-- Conjugation table in all tenses
local concatPrs = false
local conjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, 'positive', concatPrs)
-- Negatives conjugations table
local negConjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, 'negative', concatPrs)
-- Construction of conjugation table whose dimensions change depending on
-- whether it is a transitive verb or not; and whether there is a preverbParticle (yes or no).
-- First, we create the table header, then the body (content).
local function tenseTableHeader(tense)
local tabHeader = function(col)
local header = '\n! id="' .. conjTab[tense].name .. '"'
.. 'class="' .. conjTab[tense].stem .. '-stem tense-table-title" colspan="'.. col .. '" |'
.. conjTab[tense].nameKu
.. '- <small><i>-{'.. conjTab[tense].nameEn ..'}-</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
return header
end
local preverbParticle = ''
local tabH = tabHeader(4)
if conjTab[tense].preverbParticle == "ê" then
tabH = tabHeader(5)
preverbParticle = '\n! class="agent-title" | '
end
local tenseHeader = tabHeader(2)
.. '\n! class="negative" | Erênî'
..'\n! class="positive" | Neyînî'
.. '\n|-'
if (conjTab[tense].stem == "past" and form == "gerguhêz") then
tenseHeader = tabH
.. '\n! class="agent-title" | Biker <span class="toggle-width">zêde <span class="arrow">›</span></span>'
.. preverbParticle
.. '\n! class="object-title" | Berkar'
.. '\n! class="negative" | Erênî'
.. '\n! class="positive" | Neyînî'
.. '\n|-'
end
return tenseHeader
end
local function tenseTableBody(tense, pers)
local bila = ''
local preverbParticle = ''
local preverbParticules = conj.getPreverbParticules(conjTab[tense].preverbParticle,
conjTab[tense].stem, false)
if conjTab[tense].mode == "subjunctive" then
bila = '<span style="color:gray">(bila) </span>'
end
local preverbParticle = ''
if conjTab[tense].preverbParticle == "ê" then
preverbParticle = '\n| class="particle"|(y)ê/dê'
end
local body = '\n|' .. bila .. conj.pronouns[pers] .. ' ' .. preverbParticules[pers] .. ' ' .. conjTab[tense].conj[pers]
.. '\n|' .. bila .. conj.pronouns[pers] .. ' ' .. preverbParticules[pers] .. ' ' .. negConjTab[tense].conj[pers]
.. '\n|-'
if (conjTab[tense].stem == "past" and form == "gerguhêz") then
body = '\n| class="agent" |' .. bila .. conj.agents[pers]
.. preverbParticle
.. '\n| class="object" |' .. conj.pronouns[pers]
.. '\n|' .. conjTab[tense].conj[pers]
.. '\n|' .. negConjTab[tense].conj[pers]
.. '\n|-'
end
return body
end
-- Construction of the conjugation table for a given tense: the header
-- and the body are combined.
local function conjugateTable(tense)
local tenseBody = ''
local tenseHeader = tenseTableHeader(tense)
for _, pers in ipairs(conj.order) do
tenseBody = tenseBody .. tenseTableBody(tense, pers)
end
local tab = '\n{| cellpadding="2" class="tense-table"'
.. '\n|-'
.. tenseHeader
.. tenseBody
.. '\n|}'
return tab
end
--Retrieving some parameters for creating the main table header
local verb = args[1]
local preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or ''
local postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or ''
-- Cureyê lêkerê
local verbStruc = conj.verbStruct(baseOpts.isCompoundVerb, baseOpts.preSimpleVerb)
if (verbStruc == 'preverbVerb') then
verbStruc = 'pêkhatî'
elseif (verbStruc == 'compoundVerb') then
verbStruc = 'hevedudanî'
else
verbStruc = 'xwerû'
end
local prsStemsFormat = {}
for _, stem in ipairs(presentStems) do
if stem then prsStemsFormat[#prsStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
end
local pstStemsFormat = {}
for _, stem in ipairs(pastStems) do
if stem then pstStemsFormat[#pstStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
end
local prsStems = table.concat(prsStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb
local pstStems = table.concat(pstStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb
return
'{| align="center" class="conj-table"'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" class="title" | Tewandina lêkera [[' .. verb .. ']]<br><span style="font-weight:normal;">(' .. verbStruc .. ', ' .. transitivity .. ')</span>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan="2" class="present-stem" | Rehê dema niha'
.. '\n! colspan="6" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center; border-bottom:dotted 1px grey;" | ' .. prsStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan="2" class="past-stem" | Rehê dema borî'
.. '\n! colspan="6" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center;" | ' .. pstStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" id="imp" class="mood" | Raweya fermanî - <small><i>Imperative</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" valign="top" | '
.. '\n{| cellpadding="2" class="tense-table"'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! class="negative" | Erênî'
.. '\n! class="positive" | Neyînî'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(tû)</span> ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.s2
.. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(tû)</span> ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.s2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(hûn)</span> ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.p2
.. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(hûn)</span> ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.p2
..'\n|}'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" id="ind" class="mood" | Raweya pêşkerî - <small><i>Indicative</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPresent')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPreterite')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indImperfect')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuture')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuturePerfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPerfect')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indNwPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" id="subj" class="mood" | Raweya xwestekî - <small><i>Subjunctive</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subPresent')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subPreterite')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subImperfect')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" id="cond" class="mood" | Raweya mercî - <small><i>Conditional</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('condPresent')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('condPreterite')
.. '\n|}'
end
return export
7l0a2vxu9sw95lj4dm3dfomhq78y64a
6236093
6236090
2026-05-26T20:33:37Z
Ghybu
1393
6236093
Scribunto
text/plain
-- [[Wîkîferheng:ceribandin]]
-- [[Template:ku-tewandin/ceribandin]]
-- [[Template:ku-tewandin/ceribandin/style.css]]
local conj = require('Modul:ku-tewandin/ceribandin')
local export = {}
function export.tablo(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local baseOpts = {
isTransitive = false,
isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or '',
postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or '',
overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil,
overrideDi = args['di'] or nil,
overrideNa = args['na'] or nil,
overrideNe = args['ne'] or nil,
impNegForm = nil
}
local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}
local transitivity = args['form']
if (transitivity ~= 'gerguhêz' and transitivity ~= 'negerguhêz') then
return '<span style="color:red">form = gerghuhêz / negerguhêz</span>'
end
if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
else
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
end
-- Conjugation table in all tenses
local concatPrs = false
local conjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, 'positive', concatPrs)
-- Negatives conjugations table
local negConjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, 'negative', concatPrs)
-- Construction of conjugation table whose dimensions change depending on
-- whether it is a transitive verb or not; and whether there is a preverbParticle (yes or no).
-- First, we create the table header, then the body (content).
local function tenseTableHeader(tense)
local tabHeader = function(col)
local header = '\n! id="' .. conjTab[tense].name .. '"'
.. 'class="' .. conjTab[tense].stem .. '-stem tense-table-title" colspan="'.. col .. '" |'
.. conjTab[tense].nameKu
.. '- <small><i>-{'.. conjTab[tense].nameEn ..'}-</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
return header
end
local preverbParticle = ''
local tabH = tabHeader(4)
if conjTab[tense].preverbParticle == "ê" then
tabH = tabHeader(5)
preverbParticle = '\n! class="agent-title" | '
end
local tenseHeader = tabHeader(2)
.. '\n! class="negative" | Erênî'
..'\n! class="positive" | Neyînî'
.. '\n|-'
if (conjTab[tense].stem == "past" and transitivity == "gerguhêz") then
tenseHeader = tabH
.. '\n! class="agent-title" | Biker <span class="toggle-width">zêde <span class="arrow">›</span></span>'
.. preverbParticle
.. '\n! class="object-title" | Berkar'
.. '\n! class="negative" | Erênî'
.. '\n! class="positive" | Neyînî'
.. '\n|-'
end
return tenseHeader
end
local function tenseTableBody(tense, pers)
local bila = ''
local preverbParticle = ''
local preverbParticules = conj.getPreverbParticules(conjTab[tense].preverbParticle,
conjTab[tense].stem, false)
if conjTab[tense].mode == "subjunctive" then
bila = '<span style="color:gray">(bila) </span>'
end
local preverbParticle = ''
if conjTab[tense].preverbParticle == "ê" then
preverbParticle = '\n| class="particle"|(y)ê/dê'
end
local body = '\n|' .. bila .. conj.pronouns[pers] .. ' ' .. preverbParticules[pers] .. ' ' .. conjTab[tense].conj[pers]
.. '\n|' .. bila .. conj.pronouns[pers] .. ' ' .. preverbParticules[pers] .. ' ' .. negConjTab[tense].conj[pers]
.. '\n|-'
if (conjTab[tense].stem == "past" and transitivity == "gerguhêz") then
body = '\n| class="agent" |' .. bila .. conj.agents[pers]
.. preverbParticle
.. '\n| class="object" |' .. conj.pronouns[pers]
.. '\n|' .. conjTab[tense].conj[pers]
.. '\n|' .. negConjTab[tense].conj[pers]
.. '\n|-'
end
return body
end
-- Construction of the conjugation table for a given tense: the header
-- and the body are combined.
local function conjugateTable(tense)
local tenseBody = ''
local tenseHeader = tenseTableHeader(tense)
for _, pers in ipairs(conj.order) do
tenseBody = tenseBody .. tenseTableBody(tense, pers)
end
local tab = '\n{| cellpadding="2" class="tense-table"'
.. '\n|-'
.. tenseHeader
.. tenseBody
.. '\n|}'
return tab
end
--Retrieving some parameters for creating the main table header
local verb = args[1]
local preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or ''
local postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or ''
-- Cureyê lêkerê
local verbStruc = conj.verbStruct(baseOpts.isCompoundVerb, baseOpts.preSimpleVerb)
if (verbStruc == 'preverbVerb') then
verbStruc = 'pêkhatî'
elseif (verbStruc == 'compoundVerb') then
verbStruc = 'hevedudanî'
else
verbStruc = 'xwerû'
end
local prsStemsFormat = {}
for _, stem in ipairs(presentStems) do
if stem then prsStemsFormat[#prsStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
end
local pstStemsFormat = {}
for _, stem in ipairs(pastStems) do
if stem then pstStemsFormat[#pstStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
end
local prsStems = table.concat(prsStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb
local pstStems = table.concat(pstStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb
return
'{| align="center" class="conj-table"'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" class="title" | Tewandina lêkera [[' .. verb .. ']]<br><span style="font-weight:normal;">(' .. verbStruc .. ', ' .. transitivity .. ')</span>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan="2" class="present-stem" | Rehê dema niha'
.. '\n! colspan="6" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center; border-bottom:dotted 1px grey;" | ' .. prsStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan="2" class="past-stem" | Rehê dema borî'
.. '\n! colspan="6" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center;" | ' .. pstStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" id="imp" class="mood" | Raweya fermanî - <small><i>Imperative</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" valign="top" | '
.. '\n{| cellpadding="2" class="tense-table"'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! class="negative" | Erênî'
.. '\n! class="positive" | Neyînî'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(tû)</span> ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.s2
.. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(tû)</span> ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.s2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(hûn)</span> ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.p2
.. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(hûn)</span> ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.p2
..'\n|}'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" id="ind" class="mood" | Raweya pêşkerî - <small><i>Indicative</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPresent')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPreterite')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indImperfect')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuture')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuturePerfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPerfect')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indNwPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" id="subj" class="mood" | Raweya xwestekî - <small><i>Subjunctive</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subPresent')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subPreterite')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subImperfect')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" id="cond" class="mood" | Raweya mercî - <small><i>Conditional</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('condPresent')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('condPreterite')
.. '\n|}'
end
return export
qsguxs5e7q74o2co27dfxxsrgp36xue
6236183
6236093
2026-05-27T06:21:42Z
Ghybu
1393
6236183
Scribunto
text/plain
-- [[Wîkîferheng:ceribandin]]
-- [[Template:ku-tewandin/ceribandin]]
-- [[Template:ku-tewandin/ceribandin/style.css]]
local conj = require('Modul:ku-tewandin/ceribandin')
local export = {}
function export.tablo(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local baseOpts = {
isTransitive = false,
isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or '',
postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or '',
overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil,
overrideDi = args['di'] or nil,
overrideNa = args['na'] or nil,
overrideNe = args['ne'] or nil,
impNegForm = nil
}
local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}
local transitivity = args['form']
if (transitivity ~= 'gerguhêz' and transitivity ~= 'negerguhêz') then
return '<span style="color:red">form = gerghuhêz / negerguhêz</span>'
end
if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
else
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
end
-- Conjugation table in all tenses
local concatPrs = false
local conjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, 'positive', concatPrs)
-- Negatives conjugations table
local negConjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, 'negative', concatPrs)
-- Construction of conjugation table whose dimensions change depending on
-- whether it is a transitive verb or not; and whether there is a preverbParticle (yes or no).
-- First, we create the table header, then the body (content).
local function tenseTableHeader(tense)
local tabHeader = function(col)
local header = '\n! id="' .. conjTab[tense].name .. '"'
.. 'class="' .. conjTab[tense].stem .. '-stem tense-table-title" colspan="'.. col .. '" |'
.. conjTab[tense].nameKu
.. '- <small><i>-{'.. conjTab[tense].nameEn ..'}-</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
return header
end
local preverbParticle = ''
local tabH = tabHeader(4)
if conjTab[tense].preverbParticle == "ê" then
tabH = tabHeader(5)
preverbParticle = '\n! class="agent-title" | '
end
local tenseHeader = tabHeader(2)
.. '\n! class="negative" | Erênî'
..'\n! class="positive" | Neyînî'
.. '\n|-'
if (conjTab[tense].stem == "past" and transitivity == "gerguhêz") then
tenseHeader = tabH
.. '\n! class="agent-title" | Biker <span class="toggle-width">zêde <span class="arrow">›</span></span>'
.. preverbParticle
.. '\n! class="object-title" | Berkar'
.. '\n! class="negative" | Erênî'
.. '\n! class="positive" | Neyînî'
.. '\n|-'
end
return tenseHeader
end
local function tenseTableBody(tense, pers)
local bila = ''
local preverbParticle = ''
local preverbParticules = conj.getPreverbParticules(conjTab[tense].preverbParticle,
conjTab[tense].stem, false)
if conjTab[tense].mode == "subjunctive" then
bila = '<span style="color:gray">(bila) </span>'
end
local preverbParticle = ''
if conjTab[tense].preverbParticle == "ê" then
preverbParticle = '\n| class="particle"|(y)ê/dê'
end
local body = '\n|' .. bila .. conj.pronouns[pers] .. ' ' .. preverbParticules[pers] .. ' ' .. conjTab[tense].conj[pers]
.. '\n|' .. bila .. conj.pronouns[pers] .. ' ' .. preverbParticules[pers] .. ' ' .. negConjTab[tense].conj[pers]
.. '\n|-'
if (conjTab[tense].stem == "past" and transitivity == "gerguhêz") then
body = '\n| class="agent" |' .. bila .. conj.agents[pers]
.. preverbParticle
.. '\n| class="object" |' .. conj.pronouns[pers]
.. '\n|' .. conjTab[tense].conj[pers]
.. '\n|' .. negConjTab[tense].conj[pers]
.. '\n|-'
end
return body
end
-- Construction of the conjugation table for a given tense: the header
-- and the body are combined.
local function conjugateTable(tense)
local tenseBody = ''
local tenseHeader = tenseTableHeader(tense)
for _, pers in ipairs(conj.order) do
tenseBody = tenseBody .. tenseTableBody(tense, pers)
end
local tab = '\n{| cellpadding="2" class="tense-table"'
.. '\n|-'
.. tenseHeader
.. tenseBody
.. '\n|}'
return tab
end
--Retrieving some parameters for creating the main table header
local verb = args[1]
local preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or ''
local postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or ''
-- Cureyê lêkerê
local verbStruc = conj.verbStruct(baseOpts.isCompoundVerb, baseOpts.preSimpleVerb)
if (verbStruc == 'preverbVerb') then
verbStruc = 'pêkhatî'
elseif (verbStruc == 'compoundVerb') then
verbStruc = 'hevedudanî'
else
verbStruc = 'xwerû'
end
local prsStemsFormat = {}
for _, stem in ipairs(presentStems) do
if stem then prsStemsFormat[#prsStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
end
local pstStemsFormat = {}
for _, stem in ipairs(pastStems) do
if stem then pstStemsFormat[#pstStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
end
local prsStems = table.concat(prsStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb
local pstStems = table.concat(pstStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb
return
'{| align="center" class="conj-table"'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" class="title" | Tewandina lêkera [[' .. verb .. ']]<br><span style="font-weight:normal;">(' .. verbStruc .. ', ' .. transitivity .. ')</span>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan="2" class="present-stem" | Rehê dema niha'
.. '\n! colspan="6" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center; border-bottom:dotted 1px grey;" | ' .. prsStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan="2" class="past-stem" | Rehê dema borî'
.. '\n! colspan="6" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center;" | ' .. pstStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" id="imp" class="mood" | Raweya fermanî - <small><i>Imperative</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" valign="top" | '
.. '\n{| cellpadding="2" class="tense-table"'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! class="negative" | Erênî'
.. '\n! class="positive" | Neyînî'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(tû)</span> ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.s2
.. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(tû)</span> ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.s2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(hûn)</span> ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.p2
.. '\n| <span style="color:gray">(hûn)</span> ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.p2
..'\n|}'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" id="ind" class="mood" | Raweya pêşkerî - <small><i>Indicative</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPresent')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPreterite')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indImperfect')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuture')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuturePerfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indPerfect')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('indNwPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" id="subj" class="mood" | Raweya xwestekî - <small><i>Subjunctive</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPresent')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPreterite')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subjImperfect')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="8" id="cond" class="mood" | Raweya mercî - <small><i>Conditional</i></small>'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('condPresent')
.. '\n| colspan="4" valign="top" | ' .. conjugateTable('condPreterite')
.. '\n|}'
end
return export
o8414kjzp9c1vi5i7sshzpcem99aj1z
Modul:ku-tewandin/ceribandin
828
1356654
6236089
6236012
2026-05-26T20:12:14Z
Ghybu
1393
6236089
Scribunto
text/plain
-- Modula tewandina lêkerên kurmancî
-- [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]]
-- [[WF:ceribandin]]
local export = {}
-- Load irregular forms table
-- local irreg = require('Module:ku-tewandin/dijrêzik')
local langKu = require("Modul:languages").getByCode("ku")
local link = require('Module:links').language_link
local shallowCopy = require("Module:table/shallowCopy")
local deepCopy = require("Module:table/deepCopy")
-- =============================================================================
-- Pronouns in Kurmanji
-- =============================================================================
export.order = {"s1", "s2", "s3", "p1", "p2", "p3"}
export.pronouns = {
s1 = "ez", p1 = "em",
s2 = "tu", p2 = "hûn",
s3 = "ew", p3 = "ew"
}
export.obliquePronouns = {
s1 = "min", p1 = "me",
s2 = "te", p2 = "we",
s3 = "wê/wî", p3 = "wan"
}
export.agents = {
s1 = "te, wî, wê, we, wan", p1 = "te, wî, wê, we, wan",
s2 = "min, wî, wê, me, wan", p2 = "min, wî, wê, me, wan",
s3 = "min, te, wî, wê, me, we, wan", p3 = "min, te, wî, wê, me, we, wan"
}
-- Oblique pronoun (green)
export.obliquePronounsGreen = {
s1 = '<span style="color:green">min</span>',
s2 = '<span style="color:green">te</span>',
s3 = '<span style="color:green">wê/wî</span>',
p1 = '<span style="color:green">me</span>',
p2 = '<span style="color:green">we</span>',
p3 = '<span style="color:green">wan</span>'
}
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- 1) This function returns correct subject/agent pronoun, ergativity rule:
-- - Transitive verbs in past tenses → oblique pronoun (green) = agent
-- - All other cases → direct pronoun (no color) = subject
-- 2) Also add the subjunctive prefix "(bila)"
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
function export.conjPronouns(stemType, mode, isTransitive)
local pronouns = shallowCopy(export.pronouns)
-- Ergativity in kurdish: transitive verbs that are conjugated with the past tense stem are
-- conjugated according to the object, not the subject.
-- Therefore, to have an ergative construction,
-- the verb must be transitive and its stem must be the stem of the past tense.
local isErgative = isTransitive and (stemType == 'past')
-- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: "min", "te", ...
-- If it's not ergative, we use normal pronouns: "ez", "tu", ...
if isErgative then
pronouns = shallowCopy(export.obliquePronounsGreen)
end
-- For the subjunctive mood, we add "(bila)" at the beginning.
if mode == 'subjunctive' then
subjPrefix = '<span style="color:gray">(bila)</span>'
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
pronouns[pers] = subjPrefix .. ' ' .. pronouns[pers]
end
end
return pronouns
end
-- =============================================================================
-- VERBAL STRUCTURE IN THE INFINITIVE:
-- Verbs in the infinitive appear in three main forms:
-- 1) Simple verb (indivisible light verb):
-- - ex.: "kirin", "çûn", "xwarin", ...
-- 2) Verbs with preverbs (preverb + simple verb):
-- - ex.: "rakirin" (ra- + kirin), "çêkirin" (çê- + kirin), "vexwarin" (ve- + xwarin), ...
-- - Preverb verbs don't use the prefix "bi-" (ez ê rakim , ew ê rake , ...)
-- 3) Compound verbs, construction with non-verbal element (the noun is not attached to the verb):
-- - Left of the simple verb: "hez kirin" ("hez" + "kirin"), "li dar xistin" ("li dar" + "xistin"), ...
-- - Right of the simple verb: "kirin der" ("kirin" + "der"), "girtin ser xwe" ("girtin" + "ser xwe"), ...
-- - Compound verbs use the prefix "bi-" (ez ê hez bi-kim , ew ê hez bi-ke )
-- STRUCTURE: preSimpleVerb + spacing + simpleVerb + postSimpleVerb
-- EX. kirin: preSimpleVerb=''; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- rakirin: preSimpleVerb='ra'; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- hez kirin: preSimpleVerb='hez'; spacing=true; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- pev çûn: preSimpleVerb='pev'; spacing=true; simpleVerb='çûn'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- kirin der: preSimpleVerb=''; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='der'
-- WARNING: Conjugation can vary depending on the type of verb.
-- For example, in the future tense,the prefix "bi" is used for compound verbs,
-- but not for preverbal verbs, see the function that manages it "tenseClassification" table.
-- This table does not yet support the mixed case: a verb composed of a noun and a preverb verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
local type
if (preSimpleVerb and preSimpleVerb ~= '' and not isCompoundVerb) then
type = 'preverbVerb'
elseif isCompoundVerb then
type = 'compoundVerb'
else
type = 'simpleVerb'
end
return type
end
-- ================================================================
-- INFLECTIONAL ENDINGS
-- Assigns verb inflectional endings (suffixes) to all tenses
-- ================================================================
local getEndings = {}
do
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Ending using present stem
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['present'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
else
ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='e', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
end
return ends
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Ind. preterite + ind. imperfect ending
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['past'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiouû]$') then
ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then
-- if self.name == 'indImperfect' then
-- -- special indicative ind. imperfect rule
-- ends = {s1='yam', s2='yayî', s3='ya', p1='yan', p2='yan', p3='yan'}
-- end
ends = {s1='m', s2='', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
else
ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
end
return ends
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Compound endings with auxiliary "bûn"
-- Inflectional endings are created by taking the different forms of the
-- verb "bûn" (with present stem "-b-" and past stem "-bû-") and
-- adding an "i-" prefix before them: "i-b-im", "i-bû-m", "i-bû-me", "i-bû-ma".
-- This "i-" varies according to the final letter of the verb stem.
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
local function normalize_i(stem)
local prfx_i = "i"
if mw.ustring.match(stem, "ya$") or
mw.ustring.match(stem, "[îû]$") then -- cf. karîn (-karî-)
prfx_i = ""
elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiou]$') then
prfx_i = "yi"
end
return prfx_i
end
getEndings['ibim'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bim", p1 = prfx_i .. "bin",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bin",
s3 = prfx_i .. "be", p3 = prfx_i .. "bin"
}
end
getEndings['ibûm'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bûm", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûn",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûn",
s3 = prfx_i .. "bû", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûn"
}
end
getEndings['ibûme'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bûme", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûne",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyiye", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûne",
s3 = prfx_i .. "bûye", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûne"
}
end
getEndings['ibûma'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bûma", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûna",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyayî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûna",
s3 = prfx_i .. "bûya", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûna"
}
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Ind. perfect ending.
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['ime'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
ends = {s1="me", s2="yî", s3="ye", p1="ne", p2="ne", p3="ne"}
else
ends = {s1="ime", s2="iyî", s3="iye", p1="ine", p2="ine", p3="ine"}
end
return ends
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Subj. Imperfect ending.
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['ama'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
-- The doublet in "-iyan" of verbs in -"în" (gerîn/-geriya-, kenîn/-keniya-, ...),
-- in the conditional and subjunctive moods, a doublet "yaya" appears; it's removed.
-- -yayayî → -yayî; -yaya → -ya
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '(ya)$') then
ends = {s1="ma", s2="yî", s3="", p1="na", p2="na", p3="na"}
elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
ends = {s1="ma", s2="yayî", s3="ya", p1="na", p2="na", p3="na"}
else
ends = {s1="ama", s2="ayî", s3="a", p1="ana", p2="ana", p3="ana"}
end
return ends
end
end
-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR PREVERBS: "bi-" and "di-"
-- There are two preverbs: "bi-" and "di-". These preverbs can change form
-- depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getPreverb = {}
do
getPreverb['bi'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local verbStruct = opts.verbStruct
local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi
-- Preverb verbs don't use the preverb "bi-": ra-kirin (ez ê rakim), ve-xwarin (ez ê vexwim) , ...
-- But compound verb and simple verbs use it: hez kirin (ez ê hez bi-kim), lê bigirin (ez ê lê bi-girim), ...
if (verbStruct == 'preverbVerb') then
return ''
end
if overrideBi then return overrideBi end
-- if irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] end
-- Modification of the preverbe "bi-" according to the last letter of the stem.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[aeêiîouû]') then
return 'b'
end
return 'bi'
end
getPreverb['di'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi
if overrideDi then return overrideDi end
-- if irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] end
-- Modification of the preverbe "di-" according to the last letter of the stem.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[ai]') then
return 'd'
end
-- Ex. hatin : stem = -ê- // ez têm
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[êî]') then
return 't'
end
return 'di'
end
end
-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR NEGATION PREFIXES: "na-" and "ne-"
-- There are two negation prefixes: "na-" and "ne-". These preverbs can change
-- form depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getNegPrefix = {}
do
getNegPrefix['na'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa
if overrideNa then return '<b>' .. overrideNa .. '</b>' end
-- if irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] end
-- Add sufix "-y" before certain vowels.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
return '<b>nay</b>'
end
-- Elision before stems beginning with "a-" (removal of the final "-e").
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
return '<b>n</b>'
end
-- Tîpa duyem "-a-" ye (k-a-rîn, z-a-nîn, ...)
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^%wa') then
return '<b>ni</b>'
end
return '<b>na</b>'
end
getNegPrefix['ne'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local tenseName = opts.tenseName
local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm
local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe
if overrideNe then return '<b>' .. overrideNe .. '</b>' end
-- if irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] end
local negPrefix = 'ne'
-- There are two forms of construction of the imperative,
-- one with the prefix "me-" and the other with the prefix "ne-".
if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then
negPrefix = (impNegForm == 2) and 'ne' or 'me'
end
-- Add sufix "-y" before certain vowels.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. 'y</b>'
end
-- Elision before stems beginning with "a-" (removal of the final "-e").
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
negPreFix = mw.ustring.sub(negPrefix, 1, -2)
return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. '</b>'
end
return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. '</b>'
end
end
-- =============================================================================
-- Standardization of the PREVERBAL PARTICLE
-- The proverbial particle "ê" is placed after the personal pronoun.
-- =============================================================================
-- If there are no verbal preparticles, return empty table.
function export.getPreverbParticules(preverbParticle, typeStem, isTransitive)
if not preverbParticle then
return {s1='', s2='', s3='', p1='', p2='', p3=''}
end
if preverbParticle == 'ê' then
local isErgative = isTransitive and (typeStem == 'past')
-- When the personal pronoun ends in a vowel, a "y-" is added before "ê".
-- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: "min", "te", ...
if isErgative then
return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='yê/dê', p1='yê/dê', p2='yê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
else
return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='ê/dê', p1='ê/dê', p2='ê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
end
end
-- If the verbal preparticle is identical for all pronouns,
-- we create a table with the same value.
local preverbParticles = {}
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
preverbParticles[pers] = preverbParticle
end
return preverbParticles
end
-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING EACH VERB TENSE
-- This table lists, for each verb tense, what elements are required to form it:
-- - Verb conjugation is built by placing either the preverb "bi-" or "di-" before
-- the verb stem (past or present), followed by a personal ending.
-- - For the negative form, one of the prefixes "na-" or "ne-" is added as well.
-- - In some cases, a preverbal particle such as /ê/ or /dê/ is added before
-- the conjugated verb as well.
-- Not: - The "negPreverb" (preverb (bi-/di-) for negative tenses) parameter has a
-- value different from "nil" only for the Imperfect tense ("negPreverb=di").
-- - The parameter "negPrefix=na" is used only for the present indicative.
--
-- Preverb "di", used in: "indPresent"(present stem), "indImperfect"(past stem)
-- - Bo neyînî: pêşgira "di-" tenê di nav dema "IndImperfect" de tê bikaranîn.
-- Preverb "bi", used in: "indFuture"(present stem), "subPresent"(present stem),
-- "subImperfect"(past stem) = "condPresent"(past stem)
-- - The prefix "bi-" isn't used in negative forms.
--
-- Present stem, used in: "indPresent"(di)(na),
-- "indFuture"(bi)(ne) = "subPresent"(bi)(ne)
--
-- Past stem, used in: "indPreterite"(-)(ne), "indImperfect"(di)(ne), "indPluperfect"(-)(ne),
-- "indPerfect"(-)(ne), "indNwPluperfect"(-)(ne), "indFuturePerfect"(-)(ne),
-- "subPreterite"(-)(ne),
-- "subImperfect"(bi)(ne) = "condPresent"(bi)(ne),
-- "subPluperfect"(-)(ne) = "condPreterite"(-)(ne)
-- =============================================================================
-- Some conjugations are identical except that they differ only in the preverbal particle (/ê/, /dê/).
-- So, to avoid repeating the same information (and thus risking errors),
-- we establish the common part shared between these verbs.
local commonRules = {
indFuture = {
stem = "present",
preverb = getPreverb['bi'],
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['present']
},
indFuturePerfect = {
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibim']
},
subImperfect = {
stem = "past",
preverb = getPreverb['bi'],
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ama']
},
subPluperfect = {
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibûma']
}
}
local mt = {
__index = function(t, k)
local common = t._common
if common then return common[k] end
end
}
-- TENSE AND MOOD CLASSIFICATION TABLE
export.tenseClassification = {
-- IMPERATIVE MOOD
impPresent = setmetatable({
name = "impPresent",
nameKu = "raweya fermanî",
nameEn = "present imperative",
mode = "imperative",
_common = commonRules.indFuture,
preverbParticle = nil
}, mt),
-- INDICATIVE MOOD
indPresent = {
name = "indPresent",
nameKu = "dema niha",
nameEn = "present",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "present",
preverb = getPreverb['di'],
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['na'],
endings = getEndings['present'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indPreterite = {
name = "indPreterite",
nameKu = "raboriya sade",
nameEn = "simple past",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['past'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indImperfect = {
name = "indImperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya berdest",
nameEn = "Imperfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = getPreverb['di'],
negPreverb = getPreverb['di'],
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['past'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indPluperfect = {
name = "indPluperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya dûr",
nameEn = "pluperfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibûm'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indFuture = setmetatable({
name = "indFuture",
nameKu = "dema bê",
nameEn = "future",
mode = "indicative",
_common = commonRules.indFuture,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
indFuturePerfect = setmetatable({
name = "indFuturePerfect",
nameKu = "dahatiya pêş",
nameEn = "future perfect",
mode = "indicative",
_common = commonRules.indFuturePerfect,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
-- In some books, the "perfect" and "nonconfirmative pluperfect" tenses
-- are classified in the "inferential mood" ("moda neşahidî").
-- Currently we classify them using the indicative mood (at the end).
indPerfect = {
name = "indPerfect",
nameKu = "raboriya dûdar",
nameEn = "perfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ime'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indNwPluperfect = {
name = "indNwPluperfect",
nameKu = "çîrokiya boriya dûdar",
nameEn = "non-witnessed pluperfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibûme'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
-- SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
subPresent = setmetatable({
name = "subPresent",
nameKu = "dema nihaya xwestekî",
nameEn = "present subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.indFuture,
preverbParticle = nil
}, mt),
subPreterite = setmetatable({
name = "subPreterite",
nameKu = "dema boriya xwestekî",
nameEn = "preterite subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.indFuturePerfect,
preverbParticle = nil,
}, mt),
subImperfect = setmetatable({
name = "subImperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya bilaniyê",
nameEn = "imperfect subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.subImperfect,
preverbParticle = nil,
}, mt),
subPluperfect = setmetatable({
name = "subPluperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya dûr a bilaniyê",
nameEn = "pluperfect subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.subPluperfect,
preverbParticle = nil
}, mt),
-- CONDITIONAL MOOD
condPresent = setmetatable({
name = "condPresent",
nameKu = "çîrokiya dema nihaya mercî",
nameEn = "present conditional",
mode = "conditional",
_common = commonRules.subImperfect,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
condPreterite = setmetatable({
name = "condPreterite",
nameKu = "dema boriya mercî",
nameEn = "preterite conditional",
mode = "conditional",
_common = commonRules.subPluperfect,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
}
-- =============================================================================
-- MAIN CONJUGATION FUNCTOIN
-- This function returns an array containing the conjugation table for a given
-- tense as well as other information about the conjugated verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugate(opts)
opts = opts or {}
-- Required parameters
local tense = opts.tense or error("'tense' required", 2)
--One of the two parameters is required:
-- - If the tense uses the present stem, indicate "presentStem".
-- - If it uses the past stem, indicate "pastStem".
local presentStem = opts.presentStem
local pastStem = opts.pastStem
-- Optional parameters
local isTransitive = opts.isTransitive or false -- Indicate if the verb is transitive (true/false)
local isNegative = opts.isNegative or false -- Indicate if it's the negative form (true/false)
local isCompoundVerb = opts.isCompoundVerb or false -- Indicate if it's a compound verb (true/false)
local preSimpleVerb = opts.preSimpleVerb or '' -- The part before the simple verb
local postSimpleVerb = opts.postSimpleVerb or '' -- The part after the simple verb
-- These parameters are provided when the verb is irregular.
-- Allows you to manually modify preverbs ("bi-"" or "di-")
-- and negation prefixes ("na-" or "ne-")
local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi or nil
local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi or nil
local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa or nil
local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe or nil
-- By default, the negation of the imperative is constructed from the prefix "me-"".
-- To obtain the second variant, the prefix with "ne-", you must specify "impNegForm=2".
local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm or nil
-- Access to the classification table and retrieval of verb tense parameters
local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') or false
-- We check that this tense is indeed in table "tenseClassification".
if (not infoTense) then
return '<span style="color:red">Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'</span>'
end
-- We check that one of the two parameters of the stem is given
if (infoTense.stem == 'present' and not presentStem) then
return '<span style="color:red">presentStem parameter required</span>'
elseif (infoTense.stem == 'past' and not pastStem) then
return '<span style="color:red">pasttStem parameter required</span>'
end
-- Choice between the present stem or past stem
local stem = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStem or pastStem
--────────────────────────────
-- Conjugation construction --
-- ───────────────────────────
local preverb = ''
local negPrefix = ''
-- Ruturns the verb type: "simpleVerb" or "preverbVerb" or "compoundVerb"
local verbStruct = export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
if isNegative then
negPrefix = infoTense.negPrefix{stem=stem, tenseName=tense,
impNegForm=impNegForm,
overrideNa=overrideNa, overrideNe=overrideNe}
if infoTense.negPreverb then
preverb = infoTense.negPreverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
end
else
if infoTense.preverb then
preverb = infoTense.preverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
end
end
infoTense.conj = {}
local spacing = isCompoundVerb and ' ' or ''
local endings = infoTense:endings(stem)
local preverbParticles = export.getPreverbParticules(infoTense.preverbParticle, infoTense.stem, isTransitive)
local isErgative = isTransitive and (infoTense.stem == 'past')
-- Creating the conjugation table for a given tense
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
local ending = ''
local conjSimbleVerb = ''
local conjVerb = ''
if isErgative then
ending = endings.s3
else
ending = endings[pers]
end
-- Adding space after the preverbal particle
local preverbParticle = preverbParticles[pers]
if preverbParticle ~= '' then
preverbParticle = preverbParticle .. ' '
end
conjSimbleVerb = negPrefix .. preverb .. stem .. ending
-- Adding prefixe and suffixe
conjVerb = preSimpleVerb .. spacing .. conjSimbleVerb .. postSimpleVerb
-- Spelling correction(îy -> iy)
conjVerb = mw.ustring.gsub(conjVerb, 'îy', 'iy')
-- Add a link
conjVerb = link{term=conjVerb, lang=langKu}
-- Addition of the preverbal particle
--infoTense.conj[pers] = preverbParticle .. conjVerb
infoTense.conj[pers] = conjVerb
end
-- Imperative
if (infoTense.name == 'impPresent') then
infoTense.conj.s1 = nil
infoTense.conj.s2 = infoTense.conj.s3
infoTense.conj.s3 = nil
infoTense.conj.p1 = nil
--infoTense.conj.p2 = infoTense.conj.p2
infoTense.conj.p3 = nil
end
return infoTense
end
-- =============================================================================
-- END
-- =============================================================================
-- Some useful tools
-- =============================================================================
-- Returns the list of verb tenses
export.tensesList = function()
local list = {}
for _, tense in pairs(export.tenseClassification) do
table.insert(list, tense.name)
end
return list
end
-- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
-- (for a given conjugate tense in all persons of that tense)
function export.concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjVerbs)
local concatTab = {}
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
concatTab[pers] = pronoms[pers] .. ' ' .. conjVerbs[pers]
end
return concatTab
end
-- =============================================================================
-- ADDITIONAL STEM OF THE PAST AND PRESENT (pastStem2, ... and presentStem2, ...)
-- This function does nothing more than add additional parameters for verb stems
-- in the past and present tenses.
-- Conjugations for the different stems will be separated by "/"
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems)
local opts = baseOpts or {}
opts.tense = tense or nil
local presentStems = presentStems or {}
local pastStems = pastStems or {}
local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') or false
-- We check that this tense is indeed in table "tenseClassification".
if not infoTense then
return '<span style="color:red">Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'</span>'
end
local stems = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStems or pastStems
-- For each verb stem, its conjugation table is calculated and stored in conjTabs.
local conjTabs = {}
for i = 1, #stems do
if stems[i] then
if (infoTense.stem == 'past') then opts.pastStem = stems[i] end
if (infoTense.stem == 'present') then opts.presentStem = stems[i] end
local conj = export.conjugate(opts).conj
table.insert(conjTabs, conj)
end
end
-- We concatenate each row of the conjugation tables.
local concatConjTabs = {}
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
local frag = {}
for i = 1, #conjTabs do
local val = conjTabs[i][pers]
if val then table.insert(frag, tostring(val)) end
end
concatConjTabs[pers] = table.concat(frag, " / ")
end
infoTense.conj = concatConjTabs
return infoTense
end
-- ====================================================================================
-- VERB CONUGATION IN ALL TENSES WITH PRONOUMS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, negation, concatPrs)
local opts = baseOpts or {}
if negation == 'negative' then opts.isNegative = true end
-- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
local concatPronomsVerbs = export.concatPronomsVerbs
-- Tenses list
local tensesList = export.tensesList()
-- Conjugation in all tenses
local conjTab = {}
for _, tense in ipairs(tensesList) do
local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy')
-- We create the conjugation table without the pronouns.
conjTab[tense] = deepCopy(export.conjugateLong(opts, tense, presentStems, pastStems), 'copy')
-- We concatenate the pronouns and the verbs if "concatPrs" is different of "false"
-- (no pronoun for the imperative mood)
if (tense ~= 'impPresent' and concatPrs ~= false) then
local pronoms = deepCopy(export.conjPronouns(infoTense.stem, infoTense.mode, opts.isTransitive))
conjTab[tense].conj = concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjTab[tense].conj)
end
end
return conjTab
end
-- ====================================================================================
-- Allows you to obtain a given conjugation from a model.
-- Ex. in the template: {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=s1}}
-- See {{ku-tewîn-lk-niha}}
-- ====================================================================================
function export.tew(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local baseOpts = {
isNegative = frame.args['neyînî'] or false,
isTransitive = args['form'],
isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or nil,
postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil,
overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil,
overrideDi = args['di'] or nil,
overrideNa = args['na'] or nil,
overrideNe = args['na'] or nil,
impNegForm = nil
}
local tense = frame.args['dem'] or nil
local pers = frame.args['kes'] or nil
local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}
-- A few checks
if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = true
elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = false
else
return '<span style="color:red">form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz</span>'
end
if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
else
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
end
if (baseOpts.isNegative == 'erê') then
baseOpts.isNegative = true
end
local tabConj = export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems).conj
return tabConj[pers]
end
-- ====================================================================================
-- GET COMMMA SEPARED FORMS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.get_comma_separated_forms(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local opts = {
presentStem = frame.args['niha'],
pastStem = frame.args['borî'],
isTransitive = false,
isNegative = false,
isCompoundVerb = frame['valahî'] or false,
preSimpleVerb = frame['pêşgir'] or '',
postSimpleVerb = frame['paşgir'] or '',
overrideBi = frame['bi'] or nil,
overrideDi = frame['di'] or nil,
overrideNa = frame['na'] or nil,
overrideNe = frame['na'] or nil,
impNegForm = nil,
}
local function removeTags(tag)
tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '%[%[(.+)%|(.+)%]%]', '%2')
tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '<b>(.+)</b>', '%1')
tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '<span(.*)>(.*)</span>', '%2')
return tag
end
local function concateList(tenseList)
local concatList = {}
for _, pers in ipairs({"s1", "s2", "s3", "p1"}) do
tense = removeTags(tenseList[pers]) -- Remove tags
table.insert(concatList, tense)
end
return table.concat(concatList, ",")
end
local tenseList = {'indPresent','indPreterite','indImperfect',
'indPluperfect','indPerfect','indNwPluperfect',
'indFuture','indFuturePerfect',
'subImperfect','subPluperfect'
}
local concatAllTense = {}
for i = 1, #tenseList do
local tense = tenseList[i]
if export.tenseClassification[tense] then
opts.tense = tense
local conj = shallowCopy(export.conjugate(opts).conj)
local concatTense = concateList(conj)
table.insert(concatAllTense, concatTense)
end
end
return table.concat(concatAllTense, ",")
end
return export
1bf22hwutzkujbkmf83q6lj0s7juyqz
6236181
6236089
2026-05-27T06:20:16Z
Ghybu
1393
6236181
Scribunto
text/plain
-- Modula tewandina lêkerên kurmancî
-- [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]]
-- [[WF:ceribandin]]
local export = {}
-- Load irregular forms table
-- local irreg = require('Module:ku-tewandin/dijrêzik')
local langKu = require("Modul:languages").getByCode("ku")
local link = require('Module:links').language_link
local shallowCopy = require("Module:table/shallowCopy")
local deepCopy = require("Module:table/deepCopy")
-- =============================================================================
-- Pronouns in Kurmanji
-- =============================================================================
export.order = {"s1", "s2", "s3", "p1", "p2", "p3"}
export.pronouns = {
s1 = "ez", p1 = "em",
s2 = "tu", p2 = "hûn",
s3 = "ew", p3 = "ew"
}
export.obliquePronouns = {
s1 = "min", p1 = "me",
s2 = "te", p2 = "we",
s3 = "wê/wî", p3 = "wan"
}
export.agents = {
s1 = "te, wî, wê, we, wan", p1 = "te, wî, wê, we, wan",
s2 = "min, wî, wê, me, wan", p2 = "min, wî, wê, me, wan",
s3 = "min, te, wî, wê, me, we, wan", p3 = "min, te, wî, wê, me, we, wan"
}
-- Oblique pronoun (green)
export.obliquePronounsGreen = {
s1 = '<span style="color:green">min</span>',
s2 = '<span style="color:green">te</span>',
s3 = '<span style="color:green">wê/wî</span>',
p1 = '<span style="color:green">me</span>',
p2 = '<span style="color:green">we</span>',
p3 = '<span style="color:green">wan</span>'
}
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- 1) This function returns correct subject/agent pronoun, ergativity rule:
-- - Transitive verbs in past tenses → oblique pronoun (green) = agent
-- - All other cases → direct pronoun (no color) = subject
-- 2) Also add the subjunctive prefix "(bila)"
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
function export.conjPronouns(stemType, mode, isTransitive)
local pronouns = shallowCopy(export.pronouns)
-- Ergativity in kurdish: transitive verbs that are conjugated with the past tense stem are
-- conjugated according to the object, not the subject.
-- Therefore, to have an ergative construction,
-- the verb must be transitive and its stem must be the stem of the past tense.
local isErgative = isTransitive and (stemType == 'past')
-- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: "min", "te", ...
-- If it's not ergative, we use normal pronouns: "ez", "tu", ...
if isErgative then
pronouns = shallowCopy(export.obliquePronounsGreen)
end
-- For the subjunctive mood, we add "(bila)" at the beginning.
if mode == 'subjunctive' then
subjPrefix = '<span style="color:gray">(bila)</span>'
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
pronouns[pers] = subjPrefix .. ' ' .. pronouns[pers]
end
end
return pronouns
end
-- =============================================================================
-- VERBAL STRUCTURE IN THE INFINITIVE:
-- Verbs in the infinitive appear in three main forms:
-- 1) Simple verb (indivisible light verb):
-- - ex.: "kirin", "çûn", "xwarin", ...
-- 2) Verbs with preverbs (preverb + simple verb):
-- - ex.: "rakirin" (ra- + kirin), "çêkirin" (çê- + kirin), "vexwarin" (ve- + xwarin), ...
-- - Preverb verbs don't use the prefix "bi-" (ez ê rakim , ew ê rake , ...)
-- 3) Compound verbs, construction with non-verbal element (the noun is not attached to the verb):
-- - Left of the simple verb: "hez kirin" ("hez" + "kirin"), "li dar xistin" ("li dar" + "xistin"), ...
-- - Right of the simple verb: "kirin der" ("kirin" + "der"), "girtin ser xwe" ("girtin" + "ser xwe"), ...
-- - Compound verbs use the prefix "bi-" (ez ê hez bi-kim , ew ê hez bi-ke )
-- STRUCTURE: preSimpleVerb + spacing + simpleVerb + postSimpleVerb
-- EX. kirin: preSimpleVerb=''; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- rakirin: preSimpleVerb='ra'; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- hez kirin: preSimpleVerb='hez'; spacing=true; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- pev çûn: preSimpleVerb='pev'; spacing=true; simpleVerb='çûn'; postSimpleVerb=''
-- kirin der: preSimpleVerb=''; spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='der'
-- WARNING: Conjugation can vary depending on the type of verb.
-- For example, in the future tense,the prefix "bi" is used for compound verbs,
-- but not for preverbal verbs, see the function that manages it "tenseClassification" table.
-- This table does not yet support the mixed case: a verb composed of a noun and a preverb verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
local type
if (preSimpleVerb and preSimpleVerb ~= '' and not isCompoundVerb) then
type = 'preverbVerb'
elseif isCompoundVerb then
type = 'compoundVerb'
else
type = 'simpleVerb'
end
return type
end
-- ================================================================
-- INFLECTIONAL ENDINGS
-- Assigns verb inflectional endings (suffixes) to all tenses
-- ================================================================
local getEndings = {}
do
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Ending using present stem
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['present'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
else
ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='e', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
end
return ends
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Ind. preterite + ind. imperfect ending
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['past'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiouû]$') then
ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then
-- if self.name == 'indImperfect' then
-- -- special indicative ind. imperfect rule
-- ends = {s1='yam', s2='yayî', s3='ya', p1='yan', p2='yan', p3='yan'}
-- end
ends = {s1='m', s2='', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
else
ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
end
return ends
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Compound endings with auxiliary "bûn"
-- Inflectional endings are created by taking the different forms of the
-- verb "bûn" (with present stem "-b-" and past stem "-bû-") and
-- adding an "i-" prefix before them: "i-b-im", "i-bû-m", "i-bû-me", "i-bû-ma".
-- This "i-" varies according to the final letter of the verb stem.
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
local function normalize_i(stem)
local prfx_i = "i"
if mw.ustring.match(stem, "ya$") or
mw.ustring.match(stem, "[îû]$") then -- cf. karîn (-karî-)
prfx_i = ""
elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiou]$') then
prfx_i = "yi"
end
return prfx_i
end
getEndings['ibim'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bim", p1 = prfx_i .. "bin",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bin",
s3 = prfx_i .. "be", p3 = prfx_i .. "bin"
}
end
getEndings['ibûm'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bûm", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûn",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûn",
s3 = prfx_i .. "bû", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûn"
}
end
getEndings['ibûme'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bûme", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûne",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyiye", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûne",
s3 = prfx_i .. "bûye", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûne"
}
end
getEndings['ibûma'] = function(self, stem)
local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
return {
s1 = prfx_i .. "bûma", p1 = prfx_i .. "bûna",
s2 = prfx_i .. "bûyayî", p2 = prfx_i .. "bûna",
s3 = prfx_i .. "bûya", p3 = prfx_i .. "bûna"
}
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Ind. perfect ending.
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['ime'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
ends = {s1="me", s2="yî", s3="ye", p1="ne", p2="ne", p3="ne"}
else
ends = {s1="ime", s2="iyî", s3="iye", p1="ine", p2="ine", p3="ine"}
end
return ends
end
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Subj. Imperfect ending.
-- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
getEndings['ama'] = function(self, stem)
local ends
-- The doublet in "-iyan" of verbs in -"în" (gerîn/-geriya-, kenîn/-keniya-, ...),
-- in the conditional and subjunctive moods, a doublet "yaya" appears; it's removed.
-- -yayayî → -yayî; -yaya → -ya
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '(ya)$') then
ends = {s1="ma", s2="yî", s3="", p1="na", p2="na", p3="na"}
elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
ends = {s1="ma", s2="yayî", s3="ya", p1="na", p2="na", p3="na"}
else
ends = {s1="ama", s2="ayî", s3="a", p1="ana", p2="ana", p3="ana"}
end
return ends
end
end
-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR PREVERBS: "bi-" and "di-"
-- There are two preverbs: "bi-" and "di-". These preverbs can change form
-- depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getPreverb = {}
do
getPreverb['bi'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local verbStruct = opts.verbStruct
local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi
-- Preverb verbs don't use the preverb "bi-": ra-kirin (ez ê rakim), ve-xwarin (ez ê vexwim) , ...
-- But compound verb and simple verbs use it: hez kirin (ez ê hez bi-kim), lê bigirin (ez ê lê bi-girim), ...
if (verbStruct == 'preverbVerb') then
return ''
end
if overrideBi then return overrideBi end
-- if irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] end
-- Modification of the preverbe "bi-" according to the last letter of the stem.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[aeêiîouû]') then
return 'b'
end
return 'bi'
end
getPreverb['di'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi
if overrideDi then return overrideDi end
-- if irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] end
-- Modification of the preverbe "di-" according to the last letter of the stem.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[ai]') then
return 'd'
end
-- Ex. hatin : stem = -ê- // ez têm
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[êî]') then
return 't'
end
return 'di'
end
end
-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR NEGATION PREFIXES: "na-" and "ne-"
-- There are two negation prefixes: "na-" and "ne-". These preverbs can change
-- form depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getNegPrefix = {}
do
getNegPrefix['na'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa
if overrideNa then return '<b>' .. overrideNa .. '</b>' end
-- if irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] end
-- Add sufix "-y" before certain vowels.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
return '<b>nay</b>'
end
-- Elision before stems beginning with "a-" (removal of the final "-e").
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
return '<b>n</b>'
end
-- Tîpa duyem "-a-" ye (k-a-rîn, z-a-nîn, ...)
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^%wa') then
return '<b>ni</b>'
end
return '<b>na</b>'
end
getNegPrefix['ne'] = function (opts)
local opts = opts or {}
local stem = opts.stem
local tenseName = opts.tenseName
local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm
local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe
if overrideNe then return '<b>' .. overrideNe .. '</b>' end
-- if irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] end
local negPrefix = 'ne'
-- There are two forms of construction of the imperative,
-- one with the prefix "me-" and the other with the prefix "ne-".
if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then
negPrefix = (impNegForm == 2) and 'ne' or 'me'
end
-- Add sufix "-y" before certain vowels.
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. 'y</b>'
end
-- Elision before stems beginning with "a-" (removal of the final "-e").
if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
negPreFix = mw.ustring.sub(negPrefix, 1, -2)
return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. '</b>'
end
return '<b>' .. negPrefix .. '</b>'
end
end
-- =============================================================================
-- Standardization of the PREVERBAL PARTICLE
-- The proverbial particle "ê" is placed after the personal pronoun.
-- =============================================================================
-- If there are no verbal preparticles, return empty table.
function export.getPreverbParticules(preverbParticle, typeStem, isTransitive)
if not preverbParticle then
return {s1='', s2='', s3='', p1='', p2='', p3=''}
end
if preverbParticle == 'ê' then
local isErgative = isTransitive and (typeStem == 'past')
-- When the personal pronoun ends in a vowel, a "y-" is added before "ê".
-- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: "min", "te", ...
if isErgative then
return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='yê/dê', p1='yê/dê', p2='yê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
else
return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='ê/dê', p1='ê/dê', p2='ê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
end
end
-- If the verbal preparticle is identical for all pronouns,
-- we create a table with the same value.
local preverbParticles = {}
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
preverbParticles[pers] = preverbParticle
end
return preverbParticles
end
-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING EACH VERB TENSE
-- This table lists, for each verb tense, what elements are required to form it:
-- - Verb conjugation is built by placing either the preverb "bi-" or "di-" before
-- the verb stem (past or present), followed by a personal ending.
-- - For the negative form, one of the prefixes "na-" or "ne-" is added as well.
-- - In some cases, a preverbal particle such as /ê/ or /dê/ is added before
-- the conjugated verb as well.
-- Not: - The "negPreverb" (preverb (bi-/di-) for negative tenses) parameter has a
-- value different from "nil" only for the Imperfect tense ("negPreverb=di").
-- - The parameter "negPrefix=na" is used only for the present indicative.
--
-- Preverb "di", used in: "indPresent"(present stem), "indImperfect"(past stem)
-- - Bo neyînî: pêşgira "di-" tenê di nav dema "IndImperfect" de tê bikaranîn.
-- Preverb "bi", used in: "indFuture"(present stem), "subPresent"(present stem),
-- "subImperfect"(past stem) = "condPresent"(past stem)
-- - The prefix "bi-" isn't used in negative forms.
--
-- Present stem, used in: "indPresent"(di)(na),
-- "indFuture"(bi)(ne) = "subPresent"(bi)(ne)
--
-- Past stem, used in: "indPreterite"(-)(ne), "indImperfect"(di)(ne), "indPluperfect"(-)(ne),
-- "indPerfect"(-)(ne), "indNwPluperfect"(-)(ne), "indFuturePerfect"(-)(ne),
-- "subPreterite"(-)(ne),
-- "subImperfect"(bi)(ne) = "condPresent"(bi)(ne),
-- "subPluperfect"(-)(ne) = "condPreterite"(-)(ne)
-- =============================================================================
-- Some conjugations are identical except that they differ only in the preverbal particle (/ê/, /dê/).
-- So, to avoid repeating the same information (and thus risking errors),
-- we establish the common part shared between these verbs.
local commonRules = {
indFuture = {
stem = "present",
preverb = getPreverb['bi'],
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['present']
},
indFuturePerfect = {
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibim']
},
subImperfect = {
stem = "past",
preverb = getPreverb['bi'],
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ama']
},
subPluperfect = {
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibûma']
}
}
local mt = {
__index = function(t, k)
local common = t._common
if common then return common[k] end
end
}
-- TENSE AND MOOD CLASSIFICATION TABLE
export.tenseClassification = {
-- IMPERATIVE MOOD
impPresent = setmetatable({
name = "impPresent",
nameKu = "raweya fermanî",
nameEn = "present imperative",
mode = "imperative",
_common = commonRules.indFuture,
preverbParticle = nil
}, mt),
-- INDICATIVE MOOD
indPresent = {
name = "indPresent",
nameKu = "dema niha",
nameEn = "present",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "present",
preverb = getPreverb['di'],
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['na'],
endings = getEndings['present'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indPreterite = {
name = "indPreterite",
nameKu = "raboriya sade",
nameEn = "simple past",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['past'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indImperfect = {
name = "indImperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya berdest",
nameEn = "Imperfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = getPreverb['di'],
negPreverb = getPreverb['di'],
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['past'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indPluperfect = {
name = "indPluperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya dûr",
nameEn = "pluperfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibûm'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indFuture = setmetatable({
name = "indFuture",
nameKu = "dema bê",
nameEn = "future",
mode = "indicative",
_common = commonRules.indFuture,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
indFuturePerfect = setmetatable({
name = "indFuturePerfect",
nameKu = "dahatiya pêş",
nameEn = "future perfect",
mode = "indicative",
_common = commonRules.indFuturePerfect,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
-- In some books, the "perfect" and "nonconfirmative pluperfect" tenses
-- are classified in the "inferential mood" ("moda neşahidî").
-- Currently we classify them using the indicative mood (at the end).
indPerfect = {
name = "indPerfect",
nameKu = "raboriya dûdar",
nameEn = "perfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ime'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
indNwPluperfect = {
name = "indNwPluperfect",
nameKu = "çîrokiya boriya dûdar",
nameEn = "non-witnessed pluperfect",
mode = "indicative",
stem = "past",
preverb = nil,
negPreverb = nil,
negPrefix = getNegPrefix['ne'],
endings = getEndings['ibûme'],
preverbParticle = nil
},
-- SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
subjPresent = setmetatable({
name = "subjPresent",
nameKu = "dema nihaya xwestekî",
nameEn = "present subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.indFuture,
preverbParticle = nil
}, mt),
subjPreterite = setmetatable({
name = "subjPreterite",
nameKu = "dema boriya xwestekî",
nameEn = "preterite subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.indFuturePerfect,
preverbParticle = nil,
}, mt),
subjImperfect = setmetatable({
name = "subjImperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya bilaniyê",
nameEn = "imperfect subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.subImperfect,
preverbParticle = nil,
}, mt),
subjPluperfect = setmetatable({
name = "subjPluperfect",
nameKu = "raboriya dûr a bilaniyê",
nameEn = "pluperfect subjunctive",
mode = "subjunctive",
_common = commonRules.subPluperfect,
preverbParticle = nil
}, mt),
-- CONDITIONAL MOOD
condPresent = setmetatable({
name = "condPresent",
nameKu = "çîrokiya dema nihaya mercî",
nameEn = "present conditional",
mode = "conditional",
_common = commonRules.subImperfect,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
condPreterite = setmetatable({
name = "condPreterite",
nameKu = "dema boriya mercî",
nameEn = "preterite conditional",
mode = "conditional",
_common = commonRules.subPluperfect,
preverbParticle = 'ê'
}, mt),
}
-- =============================================================================
-- MAIN CONJUGATION FUNCTOIN
-- This function returns an array containing the conjugation table for a given
-- tense as well as other information about the conjugated verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugate(opts)
opts = opts or {}
-- Required parameters
local tense = opts.tense or error("'tense' required", 2)
--One of the two parameters is required:
-- - If the tense uses the present stem, indicate "presentStem".
-- - If it uses the past stem, indicate "pastStem".
local presentStem = opts.presentStem
local pastStem = opts.pastStem
-- Optional parameters
local isTransitive = opts.isTransitive or false -- Indicate if the verb is transitive (true/false)
local isNegative = opts.isNegative or false -- Indicate if it's the negative form (true/false)
local isCompoundVerb = opts.isCompoundVerb or false -- Indicate if it's a compound verb (true/false)
local preSimpleVerb = opts.preSimpleVerb or '' -- The part before the simple verb
local postSimpleVerb = opts.postSimpleVerb or '' -- The part after the simple verb
-- These parameters are provided when the verb is irregular.
-- Allows you to manually modify preverbs ("bi-"" or "di-")
-- and negation prefixes ("na-" or "ne-")
local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi or nil
local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi or nil
local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa or nil
local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe or nil
-- By default, the negation of the imperative is constructed from the prefix "me-"".
-- To obtain the second variant, the prefix with "ne-", you must specify "impNegForm=2".
local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm or nil
-- Access to the classification table and retrieval of verb tense parameters
local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') or false
-- We check that this tense is indeed in table "tenseClassification".
if (not infoTense) then
return '<span style="color:red">Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'</span>'
end
-- We check that one of the two parameters of the stem is given
if (infoTense.stem == 'present' and not presentStem) then
return '<span style="color:red">presentStem parameter required</span>'
elseif (infoTense.stem == 'past' and not pastStem) then
return '<span style="color:red">pasttStem parameter required</span>'
end
-- Choice between the present stem or past stem
local stem = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStem or pastStem
--────────────────────────────
-- Conjugation construction --
-- ───────────────────────────
local preverb = ''
local negPrefix = ''
-- Ruturns the verb type: "simpleVerb" or "preverbVerb" or "compoundVerb"
local verbStruct = export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
if isNegative then
negPrefix = infoTense.negPrefix{stem=stem, tenseName=tense,
impNegForm=impNegForm,
overrideNa=overrideNa, overrideNe=overrideNe}
if infoTense.negPreverb then
preverb = infoTense.negPreverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
end
else
if infoTense.preverb then
preverb = infoTense.preverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
end
end
infoTense.conj = {}
local spacing = isCompoundVerb and ' ' or ''
local endings = infoTense:endings(stem)
local preverbParticles = export.getPreverbParticules(infoTense.preverbParticle, infoTense.stem, isTransitive)
local isErgative = isTransitive and (infoTense.stem == 'past')
-- Creating the conjugation table for a given tense
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
local ending = ''
local conjSimbleVerb = ''
local conjVerb = ''
if isErgative then
ending = endings.s3
else
ending = endings[pers]
end
-- Adding space after the preverbal particle
local preverbParticle = preverbParticles[pers]
if preverbParticle ~= '' then
preverbParticle = preverbParticle .. ' '
end
conjSimbleVerb = negPrefix .. preverb .. stem .. ending
-- Adding prefixe and suffixe
conjVerb = preSimpleVerb .. spacing .. conjSimbleVerb .. postSimpleVerb
-- Spelling correction(îy -> iy)
conjVerb = mw.ustring.gsub(conjVerb, 'îy', 'iy')
-- Add a link
conjVerb = link{term=conjVerb, lang=langKu}
-- Addition of the preverbal particle
--infoTense.conj[pers] = preverbParticle .. conjVerb
infoTense.conj[pers] = conjVerb
end
-- Imperative
if (infoTense.name == 'impPresent') then
infoTense.conj.s1 = nil
infoTense.conj.s2 = infoTense.conj.s3
infoTense.conj.s3 = nil
infoTense.conj.p1 = nil
--infoTense.conj.p2 = infoTense.conj.p2
infoTense.conj.p3 = nil
end
return infoTense
end
-- =============================================================================
-- END
-- =============================================================================
-- Some useful tools
-- =============================================================================
-- Returns the list of verb tenses
export.tensesList = function()
local list = {}
for _, tense in pairs(export.tenseClassification) do
table.insert(list, tense.name)
end
return list
end
-- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
-- (for a given conjugate tense in all persons of that tense)
function export.concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjVerbs)
local concatTab = {}
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
concatTab[pers] = pronoms[pers] .. ' ' .. conjVerbs[pers]
end
return concatTab
end
-- =============================================================================
-- ADDITIONAL STEM OF THE PAST AND PRESENT (pastStem2, ... and presentStem2, ...)
-- This function does nothing more than add additional parameters for verb stems
-- in the past and present tenses.
-- Conjugations for the different stems will be separated by "/"
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems)
local opts = baseOpts or {}
opts.tense = tense or nil
local presentStems = presentStems or {}
local pastStems = pastStems or {}
local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy') or false
-- We check that this tense is indeed in table "tenseClassification".
if not infoTense then
return '<span style="color:red">Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'</span>'
end
local stems = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStems or pastStems
-- For each verb stem, its conjugation table is calculated and stored in conjTabs.
local conjTabs = {}
for i = 1, #stems do
if stems[i] then
if (infoTense.stem == 'past') then opts.pastStem = stems[i] end
if (infoTense.stem == 'present') then opts.presentStem = stems[i] end
local conj = export.conjugate(opts).conj
table.insert(conjTabs, conj)
end
end
-- We concatenate each row of the conjugation tables.
local concatConjTabs = {}
for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
local frag = {}
for i = 1, #conjTabs do
local val = conjTabs[i][pers]
if val then table.insert(frag, tostring(val)) end
end
concatConjTabs[pers] = table.concat(frag, " / ")
end
infoTense.conj = concatConjTabs
return infoTense
end
-- ====================================================================================
-- VERB CONUGATION IN ALL TENSES WITH PRONOUMS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, negation, concatPrs)
local opts = baseOpts or {}
if negation == 'negative' then opts.isNegative = true end
-- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
local concatPronomsVerbs = export.concatPronomsVerbs
-- Tenses list
local tensesList = export.tensesList()
-- Conjugation in all tenses
local conjTab = {}
for _, tense in ipairs(tensesList) do
local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseClassification[tense], 'copy')
-- We create the conjugation table without the pronouns.
conjTab[tense] = deepCopy(export.conjugateLong(opts, tense, presentStems, pastStems), 'copy')
-- We concatenate the pronouns and the verbs if "concatPrs" is different of "false"
-- (no pronoun for the imperative mood)
if (tense ~= 'impPresent' and concatPrs ~= false) then
local pronoms = deepCopy(export.conjPronouns(infoTense.stem, infoTense.mode, opts.isTransitive))
conjTab[tense].conj = concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjTab[tense].conj)
end
end
return conjTab
end
-- ====================================================================================
-- Allows you to obtain a given conjugation from a model.
-- Ex. in the template: {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=s1}}
-- See {{ku-tewîn-lk-niha}}
-- ====================================================================================
function export.tew(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local baseOpts = {
isNegative = frame.args['neyînî'] or false,
isTransitive = args['form'],
isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or nil,
postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil,
overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil,
overrideDi = args['di'] or nil,
overrideNa = args['na'] or nil,
overrideNe = args['na'] or nil,
impNegForm = nil
}
local tense = frame.args['dem'] or nil
local pers = frame.args['kes'] or nil
local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}
-- A few checks
if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = true
elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = false
else
return '<span style="color:red">form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz</span>'
end
if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
else
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
end
if (baseOpts.isNegative == 'erê') then
baseOpts.isNegative = true
end
local tabConj = export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems).conj
return tabConj[pers]
end
-- ====================================================================================
-- GET COMMMA SEPARED FORMS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.get_comma_separated_forms(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local opts = {
presentStem = frame.args['niha'],
pastStem = frame.args['borî'],
isTransitive = false,
isNegative = false,
isCompoundVerb = frame['valahî'] or false,
preSimpleVerb = frame['pêşgir'] or '',
postSimpleVerb = frame['paşgir'] or '',
overrideBi = frame['bi'] or nil,
overrideDi = frame['di'] or nil,
overrideNa = frame['na'] or nil,
overrideNe = frame['na'] or nil,
impNegForm = nil,
}
local function removeTags(tag)
tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '%[%[(.+)%|(.+)%]%]', '%2')
tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '<b>(.+)</b>', '%1')
tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '<span(.*)>(.*)</span>', '%2')
return tag
end
local function concateList(tenseList)
local concatList = {}
for _, pers in ipairs({"s1", "s2", "s3", "p1"}) do
tense = removeTags(tenseList[pers]) -- Remove tags
table.insert(concatList, tense)
end
return table.concat(concatList, ",")
end
local tenseList = {'indPresent','indPreterite','indImperfect',
'indPluperfect','indPerfect','indNwPluperfect',
'indFuture','indFuturePerfect',
'subjImperfect','subjPluperfect'
}
local concatAllTense = {}
for i = 1, #tenseList do
local tense = tenseList[i]
if export.tenseClassification[tense] then
opts.tense = tense
local conj = shallowCopy(export.conjugate(opts).conj)
local concatTense = concateList(conj)
table.insert(concatAllTense, concatTense)
end
end
return table.concat(concatAllTense, ",")
end
return export
nrg8g47m9gu8j0jr5uvpt8pwpl57ufl
Modul:ku-tewandin/tabloGotar
828
1357097
6236110
6234464
2026-05-27T00:15:01Z
Ghybu
1393
6236110
Scribunto
text/plain
-- ====================================================================================
-- Modula tabloya gotaran, bikaranîn: {{ku-tewîn-lk}}
-- Ji bo tabloya mezin, bnr. [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo]]
-- Ji bo stîla vê tabloyê, bnr. {{ku-tewîn-nav/style.css}}
-- ====================================================================================
local export = {}
local conj = require('Modul:ku-tewandin')
function export.tew(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local baseOpts = {
isTransitive = args['form'],
isNegative = false,
isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or nil,
postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil,
overrideBi = args['bi'] or nil,
overrideDi = args['di'] or nil,
overrideNa = args['na'] or nil,
overrideNe = args['na'] or nil,
impNegForm = nil
}
local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}
if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = true
elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
baseOpts.isTransitive = false
else
return '<span style="color:red">form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz</span>'
end
if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
else
baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
end
-- Retrieving conjugation tables for different tenses
local indPresent = conj.conjugateLong(baseOpts, 'indPresent', presentStems, pastStems).conj
local impPresent = conj.conjugateLong(baseOpts, 'impPresent', presentStems, pastStems).conj
local indPreterite = conj.conjugateLong(baseOpts, 'indPreterite', presentStems, pastStems).conj
-- Past pronouns for preterite tense
local prtPronouns = conj.conjPronouns('past', 'indicative', baseOpts.isTransitive)
-- =========================================================================
-- TABLE
-- =========================================================================
-- Construction of the verbal stems for the table title ("rehNiha" and "rehBori")
local verb = args[1] or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText
local transitivity = args['form']
local preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or ''
local postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or ''
local sameConjAs = args['wekî'] or nil
local prsStemsFormat = {}
for _, stem in ipairs(presentStems) do
if stem then prsStemsFormat[#prsStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
end
local pstStemsFormat = {}
for _, stem in ipairs(pastStems) do
if stem then pstStemsFormat[#pstStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
end
local prsStems = table.concat(prsStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb
local pstStems = table.concat(pstStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb
-- Formata "Raweya pêşkerî" (RP.)
local indTitle = '<span style="cursor:help;" title="Raweya pêşkerî">'
.. '<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted #555555; ">RP.</span>'
.. '</span>'
local function nobold(str)
return '<span style="font-weight:normal;"> '.. str .. '</span>'
end
-- Preloads [[Şablon:ku-tewandin/preload]]
local function preloadUrl(title, preload)
local params = {
args['form'],
args['niha'],
args['niha2'] or nil,
args['niha3'] or nil,
args['borî'],
args['borî2'] or nil,
args['pêşgir'] or nil,
args['valahî'] or nil,
args['paşgir'] or nil
}
local query = {
action = 'edit',
preload = preload,
['preloadparams'] = params
}
local url = mw.uri.fullUrl(title, query)
url = '<span class="plainlinks">['
.. tostring(url)
.. ' <span style="color:#9f3526">'.. title .. '</span>'
.. ']</span>'
return url
end
-- Formên din
local otherConjForms = nil
if (mw.title.new(verb, 'Tewandin').exists == true) then
otherConjForms = '[['.. 'Tewandin:'.. verb ..']]'
elseif sameConjAs then
otherConjForms = 'wekî [['.. 'Tewandin:' .. sameConjAs ..']]'
else
otherConjForms = preloadUrl('Tewandin:' .. verb, 'Şablon:ku-tewandin/preload')
end
return
'{| class="wikitable tablo-flip tewandin-tablo mw-collapsible"'
.. '\n! colspan="3" class="row-flip tewandin-header" |'
.. verb .. ' ' .. nobold('('.. transitivity .. '</span>)')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan="3" class="tewandin-header3" align="center" style="font-size:85%;" |'
.. nobold('Rehê dema niha:') .. ' ' .. prsStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! rowspan="5" |' .. indTitle .. '<br>Niha'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| width="60" |ez'
.. '\n| width="100" |' .. indPresent.s1
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| tu'
.. '\n|' .. indPresent.s2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| ew'
.. '\n|' .. indPresent.s3
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| em, hûn, ew'
.. '\n| ' .. indPresent.p1
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! rowspan="2" | Fermanî'
.. '\n| width="60" | <small>Yekjimar</small>'
.. '\n| width="100" |' .. impPresent.s2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| width="60" | <small>Pirjimar</small>'
.. '\n| width="100" |' .. impPresent.p2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan="3" class="tewandin-header3" align="center" style="font-size:85%;" |'
.. nobold('Rehê dema borî:') .. ' ' .. pstStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! rowspan="5" |'.. indTitle ..'<br>Boriya<br>sade'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|' .. prtPronouns.s1
.. '\n|' .. indPreterite.s1
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|' .. prtPronouns.s2
.. '\n|' .. indPreterite.s2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|' .. prtPronouns.s3
.. '\n|' .. indPreterite.s3
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|' .. prtPronouns.p1 .. ', ' .. prtPronouns.p2 .. ', ' .. prtPronouns.p3
.. '\n|' .. indPreterite.p1
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan="3" style="text-align:center; background-color:#transparent;" |'
.. 'Formên din: [[Wêne:1rightarrow.png|15px|link=]]' .. otherConjForms
.. '\n|}'
end
return export
r3oivmvs7e1j65x6qpkn768ojhq9f8r
Şablon:ku-çîrokiya-boriya-dûdar
10
1357138
6236162
6234501
2026-05-27T04:21:16Z
Ghybu
1393
id
6236162
wikitext
text/x-wiki
''Kesê [[{{{2}}}]] {{{3}}} [[çîrokiya boriya dûdar]] {{#if:{{{4|}}}|ya {{{4|}}} }}ji lêker'' '''[[{{{1}}}]]'''{{#ifexist:Tewandin:{{{1}}}| ''([[Tewandin:{{{1}}}#indNwPluperfect|tewandin]])''|}}.<includeonly>[[Kategorî:Çîrokiya boriya dûdar {{#if:{{{4|}}}|ya {{{4|}}} }}bi {{navê zimanî|ku}}]]</includeonly><noinclude>
{{belgekirin|naverok={{ku-dema-niha/belge}}}}
</noinclude>
8ea92ffeg49oc8w9fzjwlhspj9ryrxd
دروومان
0
1357250
6236084
2026-05-26T14:16:40Z
حوسێن
9221
([[Mediawiki:Gadget-start.js|WF:Nû]]) +ckb:navdêr:# [[dirûman|Dirûman]].#* {{bêmînak|ckb}}
6236084
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ckb}} ==
=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ckb|tr=dirûman}}
# [[dirûman]]
#* {{bêmînak|ckb}}
==== Hevmane ====
* {{g|ckb|خەیاتی}}
qn9c3ec1rz8dlcige5994uledxpdwh6
jehrnasî
0
1357251
6236188
2026-05-27T07:45:06Z
Avestaboy
5833
Rûpel bi "== {{ziman|ku}} == === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-kîte}} === Navdêr === {{ku-tewîn-nav|jehrnasî|mê}} {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # [[zanist|Zanist]]a li ser [[jiyan]]a [[kurd]]an, [[lêkolîn]]ên [[zanistî]] li ser [[kurd]]an. #: {{hevmaneyên peyvê|ku|toksîkolojî}} ==== Herwiha ==== * {{g|ku|jehrnas}} ==== Têkildar ==== ==== Etîmolojî ==== Ji {{paş|ku|jehr|-nasî}}." hat çêkirin
6236188
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|jehrnasî|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[zanist|Zanist]]a li ser [[jiyan]]a [[kurd]]an, [[lêkolîn]]ên [[zanistî]] li ser [[kurd]]an.
#: {{hevmaneyên peyvê|ku|toksîkolojî}}
==== Herwiha ====
* {{g|ku|jehrnas}}
==== Têkildar ====
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{paş|ku|jehr|-nasî}}.
3cxo9yo8osq8dglad5phhhm9u6n67jl
6236189
6236188
2026-05-27T07:47:10Z
Avestaboy
5833
6236189
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== {{ziman|ku}} ==
=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}
=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|jehrnasî|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# lêkolîna jehr, jehrandin û dermankirina wan
#: {{hevmaneyên peyvê|ku|toksîkolojî}}
==== Herwiha ====
* {{g|ku|jehrnas}}
==== Têkildar ====
==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{paş|ku|jehr|-nasî}}.
3kqo44578wa3j2bzek1dgus12nj86w1