a-

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  <page>
    <title>a-</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3123</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237173</id>
      <parentid>6120668</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T14:01:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kawarizgar1</username>
        <id>14836</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Pêşgir */</comment>
      <origin>6237173</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="967" sha1="1285ie3pg77ggq95plr78p1lg1lb8za" xml:space="preserve">{{binêre herwiha/a}}

== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Pêşgir ===
{{pêşgir|ku}}
# [[tam]], di nêzîktirîn demê an cihî de
#:&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;a&lt;/b&gt;niha, &lt;b&gt;a&lt;/b&gt;nêzîk&lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;a&lt;/b&gt;vira&lt;/i&gt;
# [[pêş]], [[pêşve]], [[ber bi ... ve]] (bo çend nimûneyan binere): [[anîn]], [[asteng]], [[avêtin]], [[hatin]]

==== Bide ber ====
* [[a]]
* [[-a]]
* [[-a-]]

==== Jê ====
{{pêşgirbibîne|ku}}

== {{ziman|en}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{deng|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-VGPaleontologist-a-.wav|Deng|dever=Teksas, DYA}}

=== Pêşgir ===
{{pêşgir|en}}
# [[bê]]
# [[li]], [[li ser]]; 
# [[di]]

==== Jê ====
{{pêşgirbibîne|en}}
{{kol3|en
|atonality
|asexuality
|amoral
|anarchy
|abed
|asleep
}}

== {{ziman|la}} ==

=== Pêşgir ===
{{pêşgir|la}}
# [[dûr]]î hev
# [[ji]], jê [[dûr]]; 
# [[bitemamî]]
# di [[nebûn]]a... de

==== Bikaranîn ====
* berî bêdengan ji bilî &quot;c&quot; an &quot;t&quot;
* berî &quot;f&quot; dibe &quot;au&quot;
* berî &quot;p&quot; dibe &quot;as&quot;

==== Jê ====
{{kol3|la
|auferre
|asportare
}}</text>
      <sha1>1285ie3pg77ggq95plr78p1lg1lb8za</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>hêlan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>12327</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237212</id>
      <parentid>6211809</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T16:41:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Hevmane */</comment>
      <origin>6237212</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5868" sha1="qm2yw0tzm6v1z9s45cq40syrivhvfwm" xml:space="preserve">{{bnr-h|helan}}

== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163 (kmr)-Ebulfîda-hêlan.wav|Deng|Bidlîs}}
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk|hêlan|form=gerguhêz|niha=hêl|borî=hêla}}
{{lêker|ku|c=x-gh}}
# [[hiştin]], [[hêştin]], [[hîştin]], [[hêladin]]
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
# [[berdan|Berdan]], [[dest jê berdan]], [[dev jê berdan]].
#: {{mk|ku|Min karê xwe '''nehêlaye'''.}}
# [[çûn|Çûn]] û li gel xwe ne[[birin]].
#: {{mk|ku|Wî zarrokên xwe li Kurdistanê '''hêlan''' û hat Elmanyayê.}}
# Jê [[cuda]] bûn, [[jê veqetîn]], li gel ne[[man]].
#: {{mk|ku|Çend sal in ku wî jina xwe '''hêlaye'''?}}
# [[destûr|Destûr]] dan, [[rê]] dan, [[izin]] dan, [[pejirandin]], [[qebûl]] kirin.
#: {{mk|ku|Polîs '''nahêlin''' em newrozê pîroz bikin.}}
# Amûrek bi benik li hewa girêdayiye û zarok tê de xwe doş dikin.
#: {{mk|ku|Ji '''hêlanê''' ket û serê xwe şikand.}}

==== Hevmane ====
{{kol3|ku
| hiştin
| hêştin
| hîştin
| hêliştin
| hilîştin
| hêladin
| hêlandin
}}

==== Jê ====
 {{stûn|
* {{mj|lêker}} [[hêlan çûn]]
* {{mj|navdêr}} [[hêlançûn]]
* [[hêlayî]]
}}

==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{ji|ira-pro|ku|*herz-|w=hêlan, hiştin, rê dan}}, ji {{ji|ine-pro|ku|*selg-|w=hêlan, hiştin, rê dan}}.

Hevreha
{{ae}}: '''herşte'''-/'''harezāna-'''- (&quot;hêlan, hiştin, rê dan&quot;),
{{peo}}: '''aveherd'''- (&quot;rê dan&quot;),
{{xpr}}: '''hyrz'''- (&quot;rê dan&quot;),
{{pal}}: '''hyl'''- (&quot;rê dan&quot;),
{{fa}}: '''hiştan/hil'''- (&quot;rê dan&quot;),
{{bal}}: '''hişt/hill'''- (&quot;rê dan&quot;) … {{ir}},
{{gil}}: '''aşten/āl'''- (&quot;rê dan&quot;),
{{kmr}}: '''hiştin/hêl'''- (&quot;hiştin, rê dan&quot;),
{{ckb}}: '''[[hiştin]]/hêll'''- (&quot;hiştin, rê dan&quot;),
{{hac}}: '''aştey/āz'''- (&quot;rê dan&quot;),
({{zza}}: '''verdayene/verda'''-) (&quot;hiştin, rê dan&quot;),
{{sa}}: '''sarj''' (&quot;hêlan, hiştin, rê dan &quot;),
{{hit}}: '''salk''',
{{en}}: '''[[sulky]]'''

&lt;font style=&quot;font-size:10px&quot;&gt;'''Çavkanî:''' [[Şablon:Cheung|Cheung p.133]]&lt;/font&gt;

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|laat}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|lassen}}, {{W+|de|überlassen}}, {{W+|de|unterlassen}}, {{W+|de|zurücklassen}}, {{W+|de|erlauben}}, {{W+|de|gestatten}}, {{W|de|befugen}}, {{W|de|bewilligen}}, {{W|de|billigen}}, {{W|de|Duldung|f}}, {{W|de|einlassen}}, {{W|de|gewähren}}, {{W|de|Überlassung|f}}, {{W|de|verschonen}}, {{W|de|vorenthalten}}, {{W|de|zulassen}}, {{W|de|zusagen}}, {{W|de|aufhören}}
* {{Z|cs}}: {{W+|cs|nechat}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|løslade}}
* {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|biar}}, {{W+|id|membiarkan}}, {{W+|id|meninggalkan}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W|ar|الترك}}, {{W|ar|الإقلاع}}, {{W|ar|الهجـران}}, {{W|ar|تورع|guman=erê}}, {{W|ar|الإبقاء|guman=erê}},  {{W|ar|التلبیث|guman=erê}}, {{W|ar|التودیع|guman=erê}}, {{W|ar|المتاركة|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|lasi}}
* {{Z|et}}: {{W+|et|jätma}}, {{W+|et|laskma}}, {{W+|et|lubama}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|گذاشتن}}, {{W+|fa|مساعدت کردن}}, {{W+|fa|رخصت دادن}}, {{W+|fa|اجازه دادن}}, {{W+|fa|برجای گذاشتن}}, {{W+|fa|برجاگذاشتن}}, {{W+|fa|دست آوردن}}
* {{Z|fo}}: {{W+|fo|lata}}, {{W+|fo|sleppa}}, {{W+|fo|sleppa undan}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W|fi|jättää}}; [[sallia]]
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|laisser}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|laten}}, {{W+|nl|laten begaan}}, {{W+|nl|laten schieten}}, {{W+|nl|loslaten}}, {{W+|nl|toelaten}}
* {{Z|he}}: {{W|he|נטש|cuda=נטשׁ}}
* {{Z|io}}: {{W+|io|lasar}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W|en|leave}} (1), {{W|en|let}} (2), {{W+|en|allow}}, {{W+|en|release}}, {{W+|en|abandonment}}, {{W+|en|permit}}, {{W+|en|unchain}}, {{W+|en|abandon}}, {{W+|en|adhibit}}, {{W+|en|omit}}, {{W+|en|resign}}, {{W+|en|sustain}}, {{W+|en|swing}}, {{W+|en|yield}}, {{W|en|connivance|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|connive|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|conniving|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|deliquesce|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|disaffiliate|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|lay aside|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|lay by|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|leave something out|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|leaving|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|let be|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|let up|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|letting|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|omission|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|permitting|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|skipping|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|spurn|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|unhand|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|lasciare}}
* {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|deixar}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|enged}}
* {{Z|nb}}: {{W|nb|tillate}}
* {{Z|no}}: {{W+|no|forlate}}
* {{Z|pap}}: {{W+|pap|laga}}
* {{Z|pl}}: {{W+|pl|zostawić}}, {{W+|pl|puścić}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|deixar}}, {{W+|pt|largar}}, {{W+|pt|permitir}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W+|ro|lăsa}}, {{W+|ro|da voie}}
* {{Z|ru}}: {{W+|ru|пускать}}, {{W+|ru|пустить}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|dejar}}
* {{Z|sw}}: {{W+|sw|kuacha}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|bırakmak}}, {{W+|tr|izin vermek}}, {{W+|tr|salıncak}}, {{W+|tr|terk etmek}}, {{W+|tr|tevdi etmek}}, {{W+|tr|geçilmek}}, {{W+|tr|koyuvermek}}, {{W+|tr|kayşamak}}, {{W+|tr|alıkoymak}}
{{werger-bin}}

=== Navdêr 1 ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|hêlan|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[deng|Dengê]] ji [[der]]ekê tê û li derek din [[dubare]] dibe.
#: {{hevmane|ku|olan|vedeng|dengvedan}}
#: {{mk|ku|A bi wî awayî, 1ê Çile ya 1931ê li bajarê Yêrêvanê, Têxnîkoma Mamostetiyê ya Kurdî a Pişkavkazê bi şayanetî vebû. Gerekê bê gotinê ewê wisa jî '''hêlaneke''' gur da edebiyat û medeniyeta kurdî ya Pişkavkazê, mehkembûna heleqetiyên hemû kurdên Tifaqa Sovyêtê.}}

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|bırakım}}, {{W+|tr|göçük}}, {{W+|tr|terk}}, {{W+|tr|teslim}}, {{W+|tr|tevdi}}, {{W+|tr|bırakma}}, {{W+|tr|koyuverme}}, {{W+|tr|bağışlama}}
{{werger-bin}}
{{bend}}

=== Navdêr 2 ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[hêlekan]], [[colank]]
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}

==== Etîmolojî ====
{{etîmolojî?}}

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W|tr|salıncak}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>hiştin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>12328</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237195</id>
      <parentid>6103921</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T16:02:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* {{ziman|ku}} */</comment>
      <origin>6237195</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7794" sha1="1nby65fc5spumsstteihgnjmfghzcvb" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163 (kmr)-Ebulfîda-hiştin.wav|Deng|Bidlîs}}
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk|hiştin|form=gerguhêz|niha=hêl|borî=hişt}}
{{lêker|ku|c=x-gh}}
# [[çûn|Çûn]] û li gel xwe ne[[birin]], dev jê berdan.
#: {{mk|ku|Wî zarokên xwe li Kurdistanê '''hişt''' û hat Elmanyayê.}}
#* {{jêder|ku|{{Jêgirtin/Melayê Cizîrî/Dîwana Melayê Cizirî}}|jêgirtin=Ez kirim yekser pilox&lt;br /&gt;Dest '''nehêlim''' ez ji dînê&lt;br /&gt;Şubhê Ferhad û Şirînê}}
# [[destûr|Destûr]] dan, [[rê]] dan, [[izin]] dan, [[pejirandin]], [[qebûl]] kirin.
#: {{mk|ku|Ew ne '''hişt''' ez wilo bikim.}}
#* {{jêder|ku|2=Mihyedîn Nahrîn, ''Perwerdeya Zarokan Bi Çîrokan'', Weşanên Nûbihar r. 163, 2023.|jêgirtin=Mejiyê zarokan ji yê me çalaktir e û afirînertir e. '''Bihêlin''' bila zarok alîkariya we bikin yan jî hûn ji wan alîkariyê bixwazin.}}
# [[jiyandin]], [[jînde]] hiştin, [[sax]] [[kirin]]
#: {{mk|ku|[[Xwedê te bihêle|Xwedê te '''bihêle]]}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}

==== Herwiha ====
* [[hêştin]]
* [[hîştin]]

==== Hevmane ====
{{stûn|h=3|
* [[hêlan]]
* [[hêladin]]
* [[hêlandin]]
* [[hêliştin]]
* [[hilîştin]]
}}

==== Jê ====
* [[hiştî]]
* [[vehiştin]]

==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{ji|ine-pro|ku|-}}: {{jinûvesazî|ine-pro|selg-|w=hêlan, hiştin, rê dan}},
{{ji|iir-pro|ku|-}}: {{jinûvesazî|iir-pro|herz-|w=hêlan, hiştin, rê dan}},
{{z|ae}}: '''herşte'''-/'''harezāna-'''- (&quot;hêlan, hiştin, rê dan&quot;),
{{z|peo}}: '''aveherd'''- (&quot;rê dan&quot;),
{{z|xpr}}: '''hyrz'''- (&quot;rê dan&quot;),
{{z|pal}}: '''hyl'''- (&quot;rê dan&quot;),
{{z|fa}}: '''hiştan/hil'''- (&quot;rê dan&quot;),
{{z|bal}}: '''hişt/hill'''- (&quot;rê dan&quot;) … {{ir}},
{{z|gil}}: '''aşten/āl'''- (&quot;rê dan&quot;),
{{z|ku}}: '''hiştin/hêl'''- (&quot;hiştin, rê dan&quot;),
{{z|ckb}}: '''hiştin/hêll'''- (&quot;hiştin, rê dan&quot;),
{{z|hac}}: '''aştey/āz'''- (&quot;rê dan&quot;),
({{z|zza}}: '''verdayene/verda'''-) (&quot;hiştin, rê dan&quot;),
{{z|sa}}: '''sarj''' (&quot;hêlan, hiştin, rê dan &quot;),
{{z|hit}}: '''salk''',
{{z|en}}: '''[[sulky]]'''

&lt;font style=&quot;font-size:10px&quot;&gt;'''Çavkanî:''' [[Şablon:Cheung|Cheung p.133]]&lt;/font&gt;

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser|destûr dan}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W|de|erlauben}}, {{W|de|zulassen}}
* {{Z|rup}}: {{W|rup|alas}}, {{W|rup|las}}
* {{Z|ast}}: {{W|ast|dexar}}
* {{Z|be}}: {{W|be|дазваля́ць}}, {{W|be|дазво́ліць}}
* {{Z|bg}}: {{W|bg|позволя́вам}}, {{W|bg|дава́м}}
* {{Z|cs}}: {{W|cs|dovolovat}}, {{W|cs|dovolit}}, {{W|cs|povolovat}}, {{W|cs|povolit}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W|da|tillade}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W|ar|سَمَحَ}}, {{W|ar|أَذِنَ}}
* {{Z|hy}}: {{W|hy|թողնել}}, {{W|hy|թույլ տալ}}, {{W|hy|թույլատրել}}
* {{Z|et}}: {{W|et|lubama}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W|fa|اجازه دادن}}
* {{Z|fo}}: {{W|fo|loyva}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W|fi|sallia}}, {{W|fi|myöntää}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W|fr|laisser}}, {{W|fr|accorder}}
* {{Z|fur}}: {{W|fur|lassâ}}
* {{Z|gl}}: {{W|gl|deixar}}
* {{Z|hi}}: {{W|hi|इजाज़त देना}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W|nl|toelaten}}, {{W|nl|toestaan}}
* {{Z|io}}: {{W|io|grantar}}
* {{Z|ang}}: {{W|ang|ālīefan}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W|en|allow}}, {{W|en|permit}}, {{W|en|let}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W|it|lasciare}}, {{W|it|permettere}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W|ja|許す}}
* {{Z|ca}}: {{W|ca|deixar}}
* {{Z|ko}}: {{W|ko|허락하다}}
* {{Z|lld}}: {{W|lld|lascer}}
* {{Z|ltg}}: {{W|ltg|ļaut}}
* {{Z|la}}: {{W|la|sinō}}, {{W|la|condono}}
* {{Z|lv}}: {{W|lv|ļaut}}
* {{Z|lo}}: {{W|lo|ອະນຸຍາດ}}, {{W|lo|ໃຫ້}}, {{W|lo|ຍອມ}}
* {{Z|mk}}: {{W|mk|дозволува}}, {{W|mk|дозволи}}
* {{Z|ms}}: {{W|ms|membenarkan}}
* {{Z|cmn}}: {{W|cmn|讓}}, {{W|cmn|让}}, {{W|cmn|允許}}, {{W|cmn|允许}}
* {{Z|mi}}: {{W|mi|tuku}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W|hu|enged}}
* {{Z|no}}: {{W|no|tillate}}
* {{Z|pl}}: {{W|pl|pozwalać}}, {{W|pl|pozwolić}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W|pt|deixar}}, {{W|pt|permitir}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W|ro|lăsa}}, {{W|ro|acorda}}, {{W|ro|permite}}, {{W|ro|admite}}
* {{Z|ru}}: {{W|ru|позволя́ть}}, {{W|ru|позво́лить}}, {{W|ru|разреша́ть}}, {{W|ru|разреши́ть}}
* {{Z|sc}}: {{W|sc|lassare}}, {{W|sc|lassai}}
* {{Z|scn}}: {{W|scn|lassari}}
* {{Z|sh}}: {{W|sh|дозволити}}, {{W|sh|dozvoliti}}
* {{Z|sk}}: {{W|sk|dovoliť}}, {{W|sk|povoliť}}
* {{Z|sl}}: {{W|sl|dovoliti}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W|es|dejar}}, {{W|es|permitir}}, {{W|es|conceder}}
* {{Z|sw}}: {{W|sw|idhinisha}}
* {{Z|tg}}: {{W|tg|иҷозат додан}}
* {{Z|th}}: {{W|th|อนุญาต}}, {{W|th|ให้}}, {{W|th|ยอม}}
* {{Z|tpi}}: {{W|tpi|larim}}
* {{Z|ur}}: {{W|ur|اجازت دینا}}
* {{Z|uk}}: {{W|uk|дозволя́ти}}, {{W|uk|дозво́лити}}
* {{Z|vec}}: {{W|vec|lasar}}
* {{Z|vi}}: {{W|vi|cho phép}}
* {{Z|wa}}: {{W|wa|leyî}}, {{W|wa|laire}}
* {{Z|cy}}: {{W|cy|caniatáu}}
* {{Z|km}}: {{W|km|អនុញ្ញាត}}
* {{Z|grc}}: {{W|grc|ἐάω}}
* {{Z|el}}: {{W|el|παραχωρώ}}, {{W|el|χορηγώ}}, {{W|el|παρέχω}}
{{werger-bin}}
{{werger-ser|dev jê berdan, tenê hiştin}}
* {{Z|sq}}: {{W|sq|lëshoj}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W|de|lassen}}, {{W|de|zurücklassen}}
* {{Z|rup}}: {{W|rup|alas}}, {{W|rup|las}}
* {{Z|as}}: {{W|as|এৰা}}
* {{Z|ast}}: {{W|ast|dexar}}
* {{Z|ba}}: {{W|ba|ҡалдырыу}}
* {{Z|be}}: {{W|be|застаўля́ць}}, {{W|be|заста́віць}}
* {{Z|bcl}}: {{W|bcl|walat}}
* {{Z|bg}}: {{W|bg|оста́вям}}, {{W|bg|оста́вя}}
* {{Z|cs}}: {{W|cs|nechat}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W|da|efterlade}}
* {{Z|gsw}}: {{W|gsw|laa}}
* {{Z|id}}: {{W|id|tinggal}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W|ar|تَرَكَ}}
* {{Z|hy}}: {{W|hy|թողնել}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W|eo|lasi}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W|fi|jättää}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W|fr|laisser}}
* {{Z|fur}}: {{W|fur|lassâ}}
* {{Z|gd}}: {{W|gd|fàg}}
* {{Z|gl}}: {{W|gl|deixar}}
* {{Z|hi}}: {{W|hi|छोड़ना}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W|nl|achterlaten}}, {{W|nl|laten}}
* {{Z|he}}: {{W|he|השאיר}}
* {{Z|ang}}: {{W|ang|lǣtan}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W|en|leave}}
* {{Z|ga}}: {{W|ga|fág}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W|it|lasciare}}, {{W|it|dimenticare}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W|ja|残す}}, {{W|ja|放置}}
* {{Z|yue}}: {{W|yue|留}}
* {{Z|ca}}: {{W|ca|deixar}}
* {{Z|qu}}: {{W|qu|saqiy}}, {{W|qu|sagii}}, {{W|qu|hagii}}
* {{Z|ko}}: {{W|ko|떠나다}}, {{W|ko|나가다}}, {{W|ko|방치하다}}
* {{Z|lld}}: {{W|lld|lascer}}
* {{Z|la}}: {{W|la|desero}}
* {{Z|lv}}: {{W|lv|atstāt}}
* {{Z|mk}}: {{W|mk|остава}}, {{W|mk|остави}}
* {{Z|cmn}}: {{W|cmn|留}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W|hu|hagy}}, {{W|hu|meghagy}}
* {{Z|nap}}: {{W|nap|lascià}}, {{W|nap|lassà}}
* {{Z|nrf}}: {{W|nrf|laîssi}}
* {{Z|no}}: {{W|no|etterlate}}
* {{Z|oc}}: {{W|oc|daissar}}
* {{Z|pl}}: {{W|pl|zostawiać}}, {{W|pl|zostawić}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W|pt|deixar}}
* {{Z|rm}}: {{W|rm|laschar}}, {{W|rm|schar}}, {{W|rm|lascher}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W|ro|lăsa}}
* {{Z|ru}}: {{W|ru|оставля́ть}}, {{W|ru|оста́вить}}
* {{Z|sa}}: {{W|sa|रिणक्ति}}
* {{Z|sc}}: {{W|sc|lassare}}, {{W|sc|lassai}}
* {{Z|scn}}: {{W|scn|lassari}}
* {{Z|sh}}: {{W|sh|остављати}}, {{W|sh|оставити}}, {{W|sh|ostavljati}}, {{W|sh|ostaviti}}
* {{Z|sk}}: {{W|sk|nechávať}}, {{W|sk|nechať}}
* {{Z|sl}}: {{W|sl|pustiti}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W|es|dejar}}
* {{Z|sw}}: {{W|sw|toka}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W|sv|lämna}}, {{W|sv|kvar}}
* {{Z|tl}}: {{W|tl|matira}}
* {{Z|th}}: {{W|th|เหลือ}}
* {{Z|ur}}: {{W|ur|چھوڑنا}}
* {{Z|uk}}: {{W|uk|залиша́ти}}, {{W|uk|залиши́ти}}
* {{Z|vec}}: {{W|vec|lasar}}
* {{Z|vi}}: {{W|vi|rời}}
* {{Z|cy}}: {{W|cy|gadael}}
* {{Z|grc}}: {{W|grc|ἀφίημι}}
* {{Z|el}}: {{W|el|αφήνω}}
{{werger-bin}}

=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|hiştin|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{bêwate}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>1nby65fc5spumsstteihgnjmfghzcvb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237196</id>
      <parentid>6237195</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T16:03:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Etîmolojî */</comment>
      <origin>6237196</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7767" sha1="71u8puvz8fzc4gj51crksrhwwha0myg" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163 (kmr)-Ebulfîda-hiştin.wav|Deng|Bidlîs}}
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk|hiştin|form=gerguhêz|niha=hêl|borî=hişt}}
{{lêker|ku|c=x-gh}}
# [[çûn|Çûn]] û li gel xwe ne[[birin]], dev jê berdan.
#: {{mk|ku|Wî zarokên xwe li Kurdistanê '''hişt''' û hat Elmanyayê.}}
#* {{jêder|ku|{{Jêgirtin/Melayê Cizîrî/Dîwana Melayê Cizirî}}|jêgirtin=Ez kirim yekser pilox&lt;br /&gt;Dest '''nehêlim''' ez ji dînê&lt;br /&gt;Şubhê Ferhad û Şirînê}}
# [[destûr|Destûr]] dan, [[rê]] dan, [[izin]] dan, [[pejirandin]], [[qebûl]] kirin.
#: {{mk|ku|Ew ne '''hişt''' ez wilo bikim.}}
#* {{jêder|ku|2=Mihyedîn Nahrîn, ''Perwerdeya Zarokan Bi Çîrokan'', Weşanên Nûbihar r. 163, 2023.|jêgirtin=Mejiyê zarokan ji yê me çalaktir e û afirînertir e. '''Bihêlin''' bila zarok alîkariya we bikin yan jî hûn ji wan alîkariyê bixwazin.}}
# [[jiyandin]], [[jînde]] hiştin, [[sax]] [[kirin]]
#: {{mk|ku|[[Xwedê te bihêle|Xwedê te '''bihêle]]}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}

==== Herwiha ====
* [[hêştin]]
* [[hîştin]]

==== Hevmane ====
{{stûn|h=3|
* [[hêlan]]
* [[hêladin]]
* [[hêlandin]]
* [[hêliştin]]
* [[hilîştin]]
}}

==== Jê ====
* [[hiştî]]
* [[vehiştin]]

==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{ji|ine-pro|ku|*selg-|w=hêlan, hiştin, rê dan}},
{{ji|iir-pro|ku|-}}: {{jinûvesazî|iir-pro|herz-|w=hêlan, hiştin, rê dan}},
{{z|ae}}: '''herşte'''-/'''harezāna-'''- (&quot;hêlan, hiştin, rê dan&quot;),
{{z|peo}}: '''aveherd'''- (&quot;rê dan&quot;),
{{z|xpr}}: '''hyrz'''- (&quot;rê dan&quot;),
{{z|pal}}: '''hyl'''- (&quot;rê dan&quot;),
{{z|fa}}: '''hiştan/hil'''- (&quot;rê dan&quot;),
{{z|bal}}: '''hişt/hill'''- (&quot;rê dan&quot;) … {{ir}},
{{z|gil}}: '''aşten/āl'''- (&quot;rê dan&quot;),
{{z|ku}}: '''hiştin/hêl'''- (&quot;hiştin, rê dan&quot;),
{{z|ckb}}: '''hiştin/hêll'''- (&quot;hiştin, rê dan&quot;),
{{z|hac}}: '''aştey/āz'''- (&quot;rê dan&quot;),
({{z|zza}}: '''verdayene/verda'''-) (&quot;hiştin, rê dan&quot;),
{{z|sa}}: '''sarj''' (&quot;hêlan, hiştin, rê dan &quot;),
{{z|hit}}: '''salk''',
{{z|en}}: '''[[sulky]]'''

&lt;font style=&quot;font-size:10px&quot;&gt;'''Çavkanî:''' [[Şablon:Cheung|Cheung p.133]]&lt;/font&gt;

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser|destûr dan}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W|de|erlauben}}, {{W|de|zulassen}}
* {{Z|rup}}: {{W|rup|alas}}, {{W|rup|las}}
* {{Z|ast}}: {{W|ast|dexar}}
* {{Z|be}}: {{W|be|дазваля́ць}}, {{W|be|дазво́ліць}}
* {{Z|bg}}: {{W|bg|позволя́вам}}, {{W|bg|дава́м}}
* {{Z|cs}}: {{W|cs|dovolovat}}, {{W|cs|dovolit}}, {{W|cs|povolovat}}, {{W|cs|povolit}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W|da|tillade}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W|ar|سَمَحَ}}, {{W|ar|أَذِنَ}}
* {{Z|hy}}: {{W|hy|թողնել}}, {{W|hy|թույլ տալ}}, {{W|hy|թույլատրել}}
* {{Z|et}}: {{W|et|lubama}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W|fa|اجازه دادن}}
* {{Z|fo}}: {{W|fo|loyva}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W|fi|sallia}}, {{W|fi|myöntää}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W|fr|laisser}}, {{W|fr|accorder}}
* {{Z|fur}}: {{W|fur|lassâ}}
* {{Z|gl}}: {{W|gl|deixar}}
* {{Z|hi}}: {{W|hi|इजाज़त देना}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W|nl|toelaten}}, {{W|nl|toestaan}}
* {{Z|io}}: {{W|io|grantar}}
* {{Z|ang}}: {{W|ang|ālīefan}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W|en|allow}}, {{W|en|permit}}, {{W|en|let}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W|it|lasciare}}, {{W|it|permettere}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W|ja|許す}}
* {{Z|ca}}: {{W|ca|deixar}}
* {{Z|ko}}: {{W|ko|허락하다}}
* {{Z|lld}}: {{W|lld|lascer}}
* {{Z|ltg}}: {{W|ltg|ļaut}}
* {{Z|la}}: {{W|la|sinō}}, {{W|la|condono}}
* {{Z|lv}}: {{W|lv|ļaut}}
* {{Z|lo}}: {{W|lo|ອະນຸຍາດ}}, {{W|lo|ໃຫ້}}, {{W|lo|ຍອມ}}
* {{Z|mk}}: {{W|mk|дозволува}}, {{W|mk|дозволи}}
* {{Z|ms}}: {{W|ms|membenarkan}}
* {{Z|cmn}}: {{W|cmn|讓}}, {{W|cmn|让}}, {{W|cmn|允許}}, {{W|cmn|允许}}
* {{Z|mi}}: {{W|mi|tuku}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W|hu|enged}}
* {{Z|no}}: {{W|no|tillate}}
* {{Z|pl}}: {{W|pl|pozwalać}}, {{W|pl|pozwolić}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W|pt|deixar}}, {{W|pt|permitir}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W|ro|lăsa}}, {{W|ro|acorda}}, {{W|ro|permite}}, {{W|ro|admite}}
* {{Z|ru}}: {{W|ru|позволя́ть}}, {{W|ru|позво́лить}}, {{W|ru|разреша́ть}}, {{W|ru|разреши́ть}}
* {{Z|sc}}: {{W|sc|lassare}}, {{W|sc|lassai}}
* {{Z|scn}}: {{W|scn|lassari}}
* {{Z|sh}}: {{W|sh|дозволити}}, {{W|sh|dozvoliti}}
* {{Z|sk}}: {{W|sk|dovoliť}}, {{W|sk|povoliť}}
* {{Z|sl}}: {{W|sl|dovoliti}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W|es|dejar}}, {{W|es|permitir}}, {{W|es|conceder}}
* {{Z|sw}}: {{W|sw|idhinisha}}
* {{Z|tg}}: {{W|tg|иҷозат додан}}
* {{Z|th}}: {{W|th|อนุญาต}}, {{W|th|ให้}}, {{W|th|ยอม}}
* {{Z|tpi}}: {{W|tpi|larim}}
* {{Z|ur}}: {{W|ur|اجازت دینا}}
* {{Z|uk}}: {{W|uk|дозволя́ти}}, {{W|uk|дозво́лити}}
* {{Z|vec}}: {{W|vec|lasar}}
* {{Z|vi}}: {{W|vi|cho phép}}
* {{Z|wa}}: {{W|wa|leyî}}, {{W|wa|laire}}
* {{Z|cy}}: {{W|cy|caniatáu}}
* {{Z|km}}: {{W|km|អនុញ្ញាត}}
* {{Z|grc}}: {{W|grc|ἐάω}}
* {{Z|el}}: {{W|el|παραχωρώ}}, {{W|el|χορηγώ}}, {{W|el|παρέχω}}
{{werger-bin}}
{{werger-ser|dev jê berdan, tenê hiştin}}
* {{Z|sq}}: {{W|sq|lëshoj}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W|de|lassen}}, {{W|de|zurücklassen}}
* {{Z|rup}}: {{W|rup|alas}}, {{W|rup|las}}
* {{Z|as}}: {{W|as|এৰা}}
* {{Z|ast}}: {{W|ast|dexar}}
* {{Z|ba}}: {{W|ba|ҡалдырыу}}
* {{Z|be}}: {{W|be|застаўля́ць}}, {{W|be|заста́віць}}
* {{Z|bcl}}: {{W|bcl|walat}}
* {{Z|bg}}: {{W|bg|оста́вям}}, {{W|bg|оста́вя}}
* {{Z|cs}}: {{W|cs|nechat}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W|da|efterlade}}
* {{Z|gsw}}: {{W|gsw|laa}}
* {{Z|id}}: {{W|id|tinggal}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W|ar|تَرَكَ}}
* {{Z|hy}}: {{W|hy|թողնել}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W|eo|lasi}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W|fi|jättää}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W|fr|laisser}}
* {{Z|fur}}: {{W|fur|lassâ}}
* {{Z|gd}}: {{W|gd|fàg}}
* {{Z|gl}}: {{W|gl|deixar}}
* {{Z|hi}}: {{W|hi|छोड़ना}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W|nl|achterlaten}}, {{W|nl|laten}}
* {{Z|he}}: {{W|he|השאיר}}
* {{Z|ang}}: {{W|ang|lǣtan}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W|en|leave}}
* {{Z|ga}}: {{W|ga|fág}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W|it|lasciare}}, {{W|it|dimenticare}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W|ja|残す}}, {{W|ja|放置}}
* {{Z|yue}}: {{W|yue|留}}
* {{Z|ca}}: {{W|ca|deixar}}
* {{Z|qu}}: {{W|qu|saqiy}}, {{W|qu|sagii}}, {{W|qu|hagii}}
* {{Z|ko}}: {{W|ko|떠나다}}, {{W|ko|나가다}}, {{W|ko|방치하다}}
* {{Z|lld}}: {{W|lld|lascer}}
* {{Z|la}}: {{W|la|desero}}
* {{Z|lv}}: {{W|lv|atstāt}}
* {{Z|mk}}: {{W|mk|остава}}, {{W|mk|остави}}
* {{Z|cmn}}: {{W|cmn|留}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W|hu|hagy}}, {{W|hu|meghagy}}
* {{Z|nap}}: {{W|nap|lascià}}, {{W|nap|lassà}}
* {{Z|nrf}}: {{W|nrf|laîssi}}
* {{Z|no}}: {{W|no|etterlate}}
* {{Z|oc}}: {{W|oc|daissar}}
* {{Z|pl}}: {{W|pl|zostawiać}}, {{W|pl|zostawić}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W|pt|deixar}}
* {{Z|rm}}: {{W|rm|laschar}}, {{W|rm|schar}}, {{W|rm|lascher}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W|ro|lăsa}}
* {{Z|ru}}: {{W|ru|оставля́ть}}, {{W|ru|оста́вить}}
* {{Z|sa}}: {{W|sa|रिणक्ति}}
* {{Z|sc}}: {{W|sc|lassare}}, {{W|sc|lassai}}
* {{Z|scn}}: {{W|scn|lassari}}
* {{Z|sh}}: {{W|sh|остављати}}, {{W|sh|оставити}}, {{W|sh|ostavljati}}, {{W|sh|ostaviti}}
* {{Z|sk}}: {{W|sk|nechávať}}, {{W|sk|nechať}}
* {{Z|sl}}: {{W|sl|pustiti}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W|es|dejar}}
* {{Z|sw}}: {{W|sw|toka}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W|sv|lämna}}, {{W|sv|kvar}}
* {{Z|tl}}: {{W|tl|matira}}
* {{Z|th}}: {{W|th|เหลือ}}
* {{Z|ur}}: {{W|ur|چھوڑنا}}
* {{Z|uk}}: {{W|uk|залиша́ти}}, {{W|uk|залиши́ти}}
* {{Z|vec}}: {{W|vec|lasar}}
* {{Z|vi}}: {{W|vi|rời}}
* {{Z|cy}}: {{W|cy|gadael}}
* {{Z|grc}}: {{W|grc|ἀφίημι}}
* {{Z|el}}: {{W|el|αφήνω}}
{{werger-bin}}

=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|hiştin|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{bêwate}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>71u8puvz8fzc4gj51crksrhwwha0myg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>tevdîr</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>12894</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237235</id>
      <parentid>6235215</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-06T06:40:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Wikihez</username>
        <id>7344</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/*  */ bi [[MediaWiki:Gadget-AjaxEdit.js|AjaxEdit]]ê re</comment>
      <origin>6237235</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1916" sha1="hwaydp2t6qlixxtl5481jynag075zod" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|tevdîr|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[amadekarî]], [[teybûr]], [[bergirî]], [[plan]], [[program]], [[ajanda]], [[bername]], [[nexşe]]
#* {{jêder-pirtûk|ku|jêgirtin=Serê malê siwarek bila her tim amede be, serdar wê '''tevdîra''' wan bigerînin.|nivîskar=Eyüp Kıran| sernav=Dewrêşê Evdî Kulîlka Bilbizêk û Rim|cîh=Stenbol|weşanxane={{w|Nûbihar}}|sal=2018|çap=4|rûpel=27 |isbn=978-9944-360-95-1}}
#* {{jêder|ku|jêgirtin=Lê dûxana ku ji cixareya qalindpêçayî dikişand ser kezebşewatîya xwe, destûr nedida ku '''tevdîrekê''' bistîne.|{{Jêgirtin/Îrfan Amîda/Şevek Şîzofren|r=6}}}}

==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|تەڤدیر}}

==== Herwiha ====
* [[tebdêr]]
* [[tebdîr]]
* [[tedbîr]]
* [[tevdêr]]

==== Jê ====
{{stûn|
* {{mj|Lêker}} [[tevdîr kirin]]
* {{mj|Navdêr}} [[tevdîrkirin]]
* {{mj|Rengdêr}} [[tevdîrkirî]]
* [[bêtevdîr]]
* [[bêtevdîrî]]
* [[bitevdîr]]
* [[bitevdîrî]]
* [[tevdîrane]]
* [[tevdîrî]]
* [[tevdîrkar]]
* [[tevdîrkarî]]
}}

==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{deyn|ar|ku|تدبير}}

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Plan}} {{n}}, {{W+|de|Umsicht}}, {{W+|de|Maßnahme|guman=erê}} {{m}}, {{W+|de|Maßregel|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|Vorkehrung|f|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|Vorsichtsmaßnahme|f|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|Vorsichtsmaßregel|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|خطة}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|تدبیر}}, {{W-|fa|راهکار}}, {{W-|fa|راهکار}}, {{W+|fa|همزن}}, {{W+|fa|هوشمندی}}, {{W+|fa|تدبیر|guman=erê}}, {{W+|fa|مخلوطکن|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|preparation}}, {{W+|en|plan}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|plan}}, {{W+|tr|karıştırıcı}}, {{W+|tr|karmaç}}, {{W+|tr|önlem}}, {{W+|tr|tedbir}}, {{W+|tr|tılsım}}, {{W+|tr|hazırlık}}, {{W+|tr|çırpıcı}}, {{W+|tr|mikser}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>hwaydp2t6qlixxtl5481jynag075zod</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>befrik</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>16759</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237209</id>
      <parentid>6232641</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T16:26:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Keyomerd</username>
        <id>8814</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kurmancî */</comment>
      <origin>6237209</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="216" sha1="adev5r6ks64v6xqo1sgyssbhqk8yn6r" xml:space="preserve">{{bnr-h|befrîk}}

== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Navdêr 1 ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{awayekî din|ku|berfok}}

=== Navdêr 2 ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{guharto|ku|berfoke}}</text>
      <sha1>adev5r6ks64v6xqo1sgyssbhqk8yn6r</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wîkîferheng:ceribandin</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>23016</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237221</id>
      <parentid>6236894</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T20:47:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>6237221</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="467" sha1="84iwt90mzavcqgcylcxx35qo5s3fouk" xml:space="preserve">: [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]]

# [[Wîkîferheng:ceribandin#Gerguhêz|Gerguhêz]]
# [[Wîkîferheng:ceribandin#Negerguhêz|Negerguhêz]]

{{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|get_comma_separated_forms|heval|mê û nêr}}

{{#invoke:ku-tewandin|get_comma_separated_forms|niha=kev|borî=ket}}

=== Gerguhêz ===
{{ku-tewandin/ceribandin|dîtin|form=gerguhêz|niha=bîn|borî=dît}}

=== Negerguhêz ===
{{ku-tewandin/ceribandin|ketin|form=negerguhêz|niha=kev|borî=ket}}</text>
      <sha1>84iwt90mzavcqgcylcxx35qo5s3fouk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>befrîk</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>181452</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237201</id>
      <parentid>6237096</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T16:21:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Keyomerd</username>
        <id>8814</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kurmancî */</comment>
      <origin>6237201</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="161" sha1="sfvwv5bk88xp3h2vwm4peydroi7dvh4" xml:space="preserve">{{bnr-h|befrik}}

== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Navdêr 1 ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{guharto|ku|berfoke}}

=== Navdêr 2 ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{guharto|ku|berfok}}</text>
      <sha1>sfvwv5bk88xp3h2vwm4peydroi7dvh4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>hiştî</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>378481</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237197</id>
      <parentid>5824252</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T16:03:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* {{ziman|ku}} */</comment>
      <origin>6237197</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="433" sha1="sbavau99gyzncbtnqdcrmd09md6t2pw" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Rengdêr ===
{{rengdêr|ku}}
# {{bnr|hiştin}}

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W|en|allowed}}, {{W|en|accepted}}, {{W|en|left}}
{{werger-bin}}

=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[raspartî]], [[dayî]]

==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{qertaf|ku|hiş|-tî}}.

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|omission}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|mevdu}}, {{W+|tr|dikkatli|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>sbavau99gyzncbtnqdcrmd09md6t2pw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>vehiştin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>435418</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237198</id>
      <parentid>6236785</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T16:10:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* {{ziman|ku}} */</comment>
      <origin>6237198</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2017" sha1="oaxif62kzyadr4p2mslzhic7kawyi6s" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-reh|form=gerhuhêz|niha=hêl|niha2=hiş|borî=hişt|paşgir=ve}}
{{lêker|ku|c=x-gh}}
# {{bêmane|ku}}
#: {{hevmane|ku|hêlan|hiştin|helistin|berdan|vehêlan|şemirandin|terk kirin|ladan|terkandin|terk dan|destbiserkirin|nimînandin|teslîm kirin|pêre|radest kirin}}
#: {{mk|ku|Berîya çûnê min li ber derîyê notek '''vehişt''' da tu bixwînî.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Telefona xwe '''vehiştiye''' bi ku de çûye?}}
#: {{mk|ku|Te çend hêk '''vehiştin''' da mêvan bixwin?}}
#: {{mk|ku|Pirtûkê '''vehêle''' alîkarîya min bike!}}
#: {{mk|ku|Dostên xwe '''venehêle''' li ber derîyê.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Neteweyên ku zanistî '''vehiştiye''' nebûne hevpara serdema nû.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Mêjî '''vehişto'''! çima te derî negirt?}}
#: {{mk|ku|Min tu hinek '''vehiştî''' çima ku karê min hebû.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Min motora xwe '''vehişt''' da dîsa vegerim.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Artêşa şikîyayî enîyên xwe '''vehiştin'''.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Karê îrojê '''venehêle''' rojên din.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Mafên xwe wergire '''venehêle'''.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Sînorên xwe '''venehêle''' da xurt bimînin.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Dizî pere '''vehişte''' mala xwedanê.}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}

==== Ji wêjeya klasîk ====
* {{jêder|ku|{{Jêgirtin/Melayê Cizîrî/Dîwana Melayê Cizirî}}|jêgirtin=Şîr û xişt in zulf û qişt in&lt;/br&gt;Hin veşarin hin '''vehiştin'''&lt;/br&gt;Pehlewanan dest vemiştin}}

==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{pêk|ku|ve-|hiştin}}

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|zurücklassen}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W-|fa|تسلیم کردن}}, {{W-|fa|اعاده کردن|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|terk etmek}}, {{W-|tr|geride bırakmak|guman=erê}}, {{W-|tr|geri bırakmak|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}

=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|vehiştin|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{bêwate}}
#: {{bêmînak}}

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|terk etme}}, {{W-|tr|geride bırakma|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>oaxif62kzyadr4p2mslzhic7kawyi6s</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237199</id>
      <parentid>6237198</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T16:14:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Lêker */</comment>
      <origin>6237199</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2018" sha1="csqt140zsvtrx86w9y3l2649oo19z4d" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-reh|form=gerguhêz|niha=hêl|niha2=hiş|borî=hişt|pêşgir=ve}}
{{lêker|ku|c=x-gh}}
# {{bêmane|ku}}
#: {{hevmane|ku|hêlan|hiştin|helistin|berdan|vehêlan|şemirandin|terk kirin|ladan|terkandin|terk dan|destbiserkirin|nimînandin|teslîm kirin|pêre|radest kirin}}
#: {{mk|ku|Berîya çûnê min li ber derîyê notek '''vehişt''' da tu bixwînî.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Telefona xwe '''vehiştiye''' bi ku de çûye?}}
#: {{mk|ku|Te çend hêk '''vehiştin''' da mêvan bixwin?}}
#: {{mk|ku|Pirtûkê '''vehêle''' alîkarîya min bike!}}
#: {{mk|ku|Dostên xwe '''venehêle''' li ber derîyê.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Neteweyên ku zanistî '''vehiştiye''' nebûne hevpara serdema nû.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Mêjî '''vehişto'''! çima te derî negirt?}}
#: {{mk|ku|Min tu hinek '''vehiştî''' çima ku karê min hebû.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Min motora xwe '''vehişt''' da dîsa vegerim.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Artêşa şikîyayî enîyên xwe '''vehiştin'''.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Karê îrojê '''venehêle''' rojên din.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Mafên xwe wergire '''venehêle'''.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Sînorên xwe '''venehêle''' da xurt bimînin.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Dizî pere '''vehişte''' mala xwedanê.}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}

==== Ji wêjeya klasîk ====
* {{jêder|ku|{{Jêgirtin/Melayê Cizîrî/Dîwana Melayê Cizirî}}|jêgirtin=Şîr û xişt in zulf û qişt in&lt;/br&gt;Hin veşarin hin '''vehiştin'''&lt;/br&gt;Pehlewanan dest vemiştin}}

==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{pêk|ku|ve-|hiştin}}

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|zurücklassen}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W-|fa|تسلیم کردن}}, {{W-|fa|اعاده کردن|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|terk etmek}}, {{W-|tr|geride bırakmak|guman=erê}}, {{W-|tr|geri bırakmak|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}

=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|vehiştin|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{bêwate}}
#: {{bêmînak}}

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|terk etme}}, {{W-|tr|geride bırakma|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>csqt140zsvtrx86w9y3l2649oo19z4d</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237205</id>
      <parentid>6237199</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T16:24:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Lêker */</comment>
      <origin>6237205</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2018" sha1="3rc4q32bsys0zxkxe7kx3s3bi4qd8qx" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-reh|form=gerguhêz|niha=hêl|niha2=hiş|borî=hişt|pêşgir=ve}}
{{lêker|ku|c=p-gh}}
# {{bêmane|ku}}
#: {{hevmane|ku|hêlan|hiştin|helistin|berdan|vehêlan|şemirandin|terk kirin|ladan|terkandin|terk dan|destbiserkirin|nimînandin|teslîm kirin|pêre|radest kirin}}
#: {{mk|ku|Berîya çûnê min li ber derîyê notek '''vehişt''' da tu bixwînî.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Telefona xwe '''vehiştiye''' bi ku de çûye?}}
#: {{mk|ku|Te çend hêk '''vehiştin''' da mêvan bixwin?}}
#: {{mk|ku|Pirtûkê '''vehêle''' alîkarîya min bike!}}
#: {{mk|ku|Dostên xwe '''venehêle''' li ber derîyê.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Neteweyên ku zanistî '''vehiştiye''' nebûne hevpara serdema nû.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Mêjî '''vehişto'''! çima te derî negirt?}}
#: {{mk|ku|Min tu hinek '''vehiştî''' çima ku karê min hebû.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Min motora xwe '''vehişt''' da dîsa vegerim.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Artêşa şikîyayî enîyên xwe '''vehiştin'''.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Karê îrojê '''venehêle''' rojên din.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Mafên xwe wergire '''venehêle'''.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Sînorên xwe '''venehêle''' da xurt bimînin.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Dizî pere '''vehişte''' mala xwedanê.}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}

==== Ji wêjeya klasîk ====
* {{jêder|ku|{{Jêgirtin/Melayê Cizîrî/Dîwana Melayê Cizirî}}|jêgirtin=Şîr û xişt in zulf û qişt in&lt;/br&gt;Hin veşarin hin '''vehiştin'''&lt;/br&gt;Pehlewanan dest vemiştin}}

==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{pêk|ku|ve-|hiştin}}

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|zurücklassen}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W-|fa|تسلیم کردن}}, {{W-|fa|اعاده کردن|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|terk etmek}}, {{W-|tr|geride bırakmak|guman=erê}}, {{W-|tr|geri bırakmak|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}

=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|vehiştin|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{bêwate}}
#: {{bêmînak}}

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|terk etme}}, {{W-|tr|geride bırakma|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>3rc4q32bsys0zxkxe7kx3s3bi4qd8qx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Modul:ku-tewandin</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>628614</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237213</id>
      <parentid>6237078</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T17:26:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>6237213</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="40053" sha1="5jzt8cpyjhqztnu6670cj2qsrlxxnt8" xml:space="preserve">-- Modula tewandina lêkerên kurmancî

local export = {}

-- Load irregular forms table
-- local irreg = require('Module:ku-tewandin/dijrêzik')
local langKu = require(&quot;Modul:languages&quot;).getByCode(&quot;ku&quot;)
local link = require('Module:links').language_link
local shallowCopy = require(&quot;Module:table/shallowCopy&quot;)
local deepCopy = require(&quot;Module:table/deepCopy&quot;)

-- =============================================================================
-- Pronouns in Kurmanji
-- =============================================================================
export.order = {&quot;s1&quot;, &quot;s2&quot;, &quot;s3&quot;, &quot;p1&quot;, &quot;p2&quot;, &quot;p3&quot;}

export.pronouns = {
    s1 = &quot;ez&quot;,    p1 = &quot;em&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;tu&quot;,    p2 = &quot;hûn&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;ew&quot;,    p3 = &quot;ew&quot;
}

export.obliquePronouns = {
    s1 = &quot;min&quot;,      p1 = &quot;me&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;te&quot;,       p2 = &quot;we&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;wê/wî&quot;,    p3 = &quot;wan&quot;
}

export.agents = {
    s1 = &quot;te, wî/wê, we, wan&quot;,            p1 = &quot;te, wî/wê, we, wan&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;min, wî/wê, me, wan&quot;,           p2 = &quot;min, wî/wê, me, wan&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;min, te, wî/wê, me, we, wan&quot;,   p3 = &quot;min, te, wî/wê, me, we, wan&quot;
}

-- Oblique pronoun (green) 
export.obliquePronounsGreen = {
    s1 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;min&lt;/span&gt;',
    s2 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;te&lt;/span&gt;',
    s3 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;wê/wî&lt;/span&gt;',
    p1 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;me&lt;/span&gt;',
    p2 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;we&lt;/span&gt;',
    p3 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;wan&lt;/span&gt;'
}

-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- 1) This function returns correct subject/agent pronoun, ergativity rule:
--   - Transitive verbs in past tenses → oblique pronoun (green) = agent
--   - All other cases                 → direct pronoun (no color) = subject
-- 2) Also add the subjunctive prefix &quot;(bila)&quot;
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
function export.conjPronouns(stemType, mode, isTransitive)
    local pronouns = shallowCopy(export.pronouns)

    -- Ergativity in kurdish: transitive verbs that are conjugated with the past tense stem are
    -- conjugated according to the object, not the subject.
    -- Therefore, to have an ergative construction,
    -- the verb must be transitive and its stem must be the stem of the past tense.
    local isErgative = isTransitive and (stemType == 'past')

    -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: &quot;min&quot;, &quot;te&quot;, ...
    -- If it's not ergative, we use normal pronouns: &quot;ez&quot;, &quot;tu&quot;, ...
    if isErgative then
        pronouns = shallowCopy(export.obliquePronounsGreen)
    end

    -- For the subjunctive mood, we add &quot;(bila)&quot; at the beginning.
    if mode == 'subjunctive' then
    	local subjPrefix = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(bila)&lt;/span&gt;'
        for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
            pronouns[pers] = subjPrefix .. ' ' .. pronouns[pers]
        end
    end
    return pronouns
end

-- =============================================================================
-- VERBAL STRUCTURE IN THE INFINITIVE:
-- Verbs in the infinitive appear in three main forms:
--  1) Simple verb (indivisible light verb):
--       - ex.:  &quot;kirin&quot;, &quot;çûn&quot;, &quot;xwarin&quot;, ...
--  2) Verbs with preverbs (preverb + simple verb):
--       - ex.: &quot;rakirin&quot; (ra- + kirin), &quot;çêkirin&quot; (çê- + kirin), &quot;vexwarin&quot; (ve- + xwarin), ...
--       - Preverb verbs don't use the prefix &quot;bi-&quot; (ez ê rakim , ew ê rake , ...)
--  3) Compound verbs, construction with non-verbal element (the noun is not attached to the verb):
--       - Left of the simple verb: &quot;hez kirin&quot; (&quot;hez&quot; + &quot;kirin&quot;), &quot;li dar xistin&quot; (&quot;li dar&quot; + &quot;xistin&quot;), ...
--       - Right of the simple verb: &quot;kirin der&quot; (&quot;kirin&quot; + &quot;der&quot;), &quot;girtin ser xwe&quot; (&quot;girtin&quot; + &quot;ser xwe&quot;), ...
--       - Compound verbs use the prefix &quot;bi-&quot; (ez ê hez bi-kim , ew ê hez bi-ke )

-- STRUCTURE:  preSimpleVerb + spacing + simpleVerb + postSimpleVerb
-- EX.     kirin: preSimpleVerb='';    spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--       rakirin: preSimpleVerb='ra';  spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--     hez kirin: preSimpleVerb='hez'; spacing=true;  simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--       pev çûn: preSimpleVerb='pev'; spacing=true;  simpleVerb='çûn';   postSimpleVerb=''
--     kirin der: preSimpleVerb='';    spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='der'

-- WARNING: Conjugation can vary depending on the type of verb.
-- For example, in the future tense,the prefix &quot;bi&quot; is used for compound verbs,
-- but not for preverbal verbs, see the function that manages it  &quot;tenseRules&quot; table.
-- This table does not yet support the mixed case: a verb composed of a noun and a preverb verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
    local struct

    if (preSimpleVerb and preSimpleVerb ~= '' and not isCompoundVerb) then
        struct = 'preverbVerb'
    elseif isCompoundVerb then
        struct = 'compoundVerb'
    else
        struct = 'simpleVerb'
    end

    return struct
end

-- ================================================================
-- INFLECTIONAL ENDINGS
-- Assigns verb inflectional endings (suffixes) to all tenses
-- ================================================================
local getEndings = {}

do
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ending using present stem
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['present'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        else
            ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='e', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ind. preterite + ind. imperfect ending
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['past'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
		local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiouû]$') then
            ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then
           -- if self.name == 'indImperfect' then
           --     -- special indicative ind. imperfect rule
           --     ends = {s1='yam', s2='yayî', s3='ya', p1='yan', p2='yan', p3='yan'}
           -- end
            ends = {s1='m', s2='', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        else
            ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Compound endings with auxiliary &quot;bûn&quot;
    -- Inflectional endings are created by taking the different forms of the
    -- verb &quot;bûn&quot; (with present stem &quot;-b-&quot; and past stem &quot;-bû-&quot;) and
    -- adding an &quot;i-&quot; prefix before them: &quot;i-b-im&quot;, &quot;i-bû-m&quot;, &quot;i-bû-me&quot;, &quot;i-bû-ma&quot;.
    -- This &quot;i-&quot; varies according to the final letter of the verb stem.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    local function normalize_i(stem)
        local prfx_i = &quot;i&quot;
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, &quot;ya$&quot;) or
           mw.ustring.match(stem, &quot;[îû]$&quot;) then -- cf. karîn (-karî-)
           	prfx_i = &quot;&quot;
        elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiou]$') then
            prfx_i = &quot;yi&quot;
        end
        return prfx_i
    end

    getEndings['ibim'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bim&quot;,   p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;be&quot;,    p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûm'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûm&quot;,     p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bû&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûme'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûme&quot;,      p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyiye&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûye&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûma'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûma&quot;,      p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyayî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûya&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;
        }
    end
    
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ind. perfect ending.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['ime'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends

        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;me&quot;, s2=&quot;yî&quot;, s3=&quot;ye&quot;, p1=&quot;ne&quot;, p2=&quot;ne&quot;, p3=&quot;ne&quot;}
        else
            ends = {s1=&quot;ime&quot;, s2=&quot;iyî&quot;, s3=&quot;iye&quot;, p1=&quot;ine&quot;, p2=&quot;ine&quot;, p3=&quot;ine&quot;}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Subj. Imperfect ending.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['ama'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends

        -- The doublet in &quot;-iyan&quot; of verbs in -&quot;în&quot; (gerîn/-geriya-, kenîn/-keniya-, ...),
        -- in the conditional and subjunctive moods, a doublet &quot;yaya&quot; appears; it's removed.
        -- -yayayî → -yayî; -yaya → -ya
		if mw.ustring.match(stem, '(ya)$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;ma&quot;, s2=&quot;yî&quot;, s3=&quot;&quot;, p1=&quot;na&quot;, p2=&quot;na&quot;, p3=&quot;na&quot;}
		elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;ma&quot;, s2=&quot;yayî&quot;, s3=&quot;ya&quot;, p1=&quot;na&quot;, p2=&quot;na&quot;, p3=&quot;na&quot;}
        else
            ends = {s1=&quot;ama&quot;, s2=&quot;ayî&quot;, s3=&quot;a&quot;, p1=&quot;ana&quot;, p2=&quot;ana&quot;, p3=&quot;ana&quot;}
        end
        return ends
    end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR PREVERBS: &quot;bi-&quot; and &quot;di-&quot;
-- There are two preverbs: &quot;bi-&quot; and &quot;di-&quot;. These preverbs can change form
-- depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getPreverb = {}

do
	getPreverb['bi'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local verbStruct = opts.verbStruct
	    local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi
	
	    -- Preverb verbs don't use the preverb &quot;bi-&quot;: ra-kirin (ez ê rakim), ve-xwarin (ez ê vexwim) , ...
	    -- But compound verb and simple verbs use it: hez kirin (ez ê hez bi-kim), lê bigirin (ez ê lê bi-girim), ...
	    if (verbStruct == 'preverbVerb') then
	        return ''
	    end
	
	    if overrideBi then return overrideBi end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] end
	
	    -- Modification of the preverbe &quot;bi-&quot; according to the last letter of the stem.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[aeêiîouû]') then
	        return 'b'
	    end
	
	    return 'bi'
	end
	
	getPreverb['di'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi
	
	    if overrideDi then return overrideDi end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] end
	
	    -- Modification of the preverbe &quot;di-&quot; according to the last letter of the stem.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[ai]') then
	        return 'd'
	    end
	    -- Ex. hatin : stem = -ê- // ez têm
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[êî]') then
	        return 't'
	    end
	
	    return 'di'
	end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR NEGATION PREFIXES: &quot;na-&quot; and &quot;ne-&quot;
-- There are two negation prefixes: &quot;na-&quot; and &quot;ne-&quot;. These preverbs can change
-- form depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getNegPrefix = {}

do
	getNegPrefix['na'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa
	
	    if overrideNa then return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNa .. '&lt;/b&gt;' end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] end
	
	    -- Add sufix &quot;-y&quot; before certain vowels.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;nay&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	    -- Elision before stems beginning with &quot;a-&quot; (removal of the final &quot;-e&quot;).
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;n&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    -- Tîpa duyem &quot;-a-&quot; ye (k-a-rîn, z-a-nîn, ...)
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^%wa') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;ni&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    return '&lt;b&gt;na&lt;/b&gt;'
	end

	getNegPrefix['ne'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local tenseName = opts.tenseName
	    local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm
	    local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe
	
	    if overrideNe then return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;' end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] end
	
	    local negPrefix = 'ne'
	    -- There are two forms of construction of the imperative,
	    -- one with the prefix &quot;me-&quot; and the other with the prefix &quot;ne-&quot;.
	    if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then
	        negPrefix = (impNegForm == 2) and 'ne' or 'me'
	    end
	
	    -- Add sufix &quot;-y&quot; before certain vowels.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. 'y&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    -- Elision before stems beginning with &quot;a-&quot; (removal of the final &quot;-e&quot;).
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
	        negPrefix = mw.ustring.sub(negPrefix, 1, -2)
	        return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- Standardization of the PREVERBAL PARTICLE
-- The proverbial particle &quot;ê&quot; is placed after the personal pronoun.
-- =============================================================================
-- If there are no verbal preparticles, return empty table.
local function getPreverbParticules(preverbParticle, typeStem, isTransitive)
    if not preverbParticle then
        return {s1='', s2='', s3='', p1='', p2='', p3=''}
    end

    if preverbParticle == 'ê' then
        local isErgative = isTransitive and (typeStem == 'past')

        -- When the personal pronoun ends in a vowel, a &quot;y-&quot; is added before &quot;ê&quot;.
        -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: &quot;min&quot;, &quot;te&quot;, ...
        if isErgative then
            return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='yê/dê', p1='yê/dê', p2='yê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
        else
            return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='ê/dê', p1='ê/dê', p2='ê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
        end
    end

    -- If the verbal preparticle is identical for all pronouns,
    -- we create a table with the same value.
    local preverbParticles = {}
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        preverbParticles[pers] = preverbParticle
    end

    return preverbParticles
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING EACH VERB TENSE
-- This table lists, for each verb tense, what elements are required to form it:
--   - Verb conjugation is built by placing either the preverb &quot;bi-&quot; or &quot;di-&quot; before
--     the verb stem (past or present), followed by a personal ending.
--   - For the negative form, one of the prefixes &quot;na-&quot; or &quot;ne-&quot; is added as well.
--   - In some cases, a preverbal particle such as /ê/ or /dê/ is added before
--     the conjugated verb as well.
-- Not: - The &quot;negPreverb&quot; (preverb (bi-/di-) for negative tenses) parameter has a
--         value different from &quot;nil&quot; only for the Imperfect tense (&quot;negPreverb=di&quot;).
--      - The parameter &quot;negPrefix=na&quot; is used only for the present indicative.
--
-- Preverb &quot;di&quot;, used in: &quot;indPresent&quot;(present stem), &quot;indImperfect&quot;(past stem)
--                        - Bo neyînî: pêşgira &quot;di-&quot; tenê di nav dema &quot;IndImperfect&quot; de tê bikaranîn.
-- Preverb &quot;bi&quot;, used in: &quot;indFuture&quot;(present stem), &quot;subPresent&quot;(present stem),
--                         &quot;subImperfect&quot;(past stem) = &quot;condPresent&quot;(past stem)
--                        - The prefix &quot;bi-&quot; isn't used in negative forms.
--
-- Present stem, used in: &quot;indPresent&quot;(di)(na),
--                        &quot;indFuture&quot;(bi)(ne) = &quot;subPresent&quot;(bi)(ne)
--
-- Past stem, used in: &quot;indPreterite&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indImperfect&quot;(di)(ne), &quot;indPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;indPerfect&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indNwPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indFuturePerfect&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;subPreterite&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;subImperfect&quot;(bi)(ne) = &quot;condPresent&quot;(bi)(ne),
--                     &quot;subPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne) = &quot;condPreterite&quot;(-)(ne)
-- =============================================================================
-- Some conjugations are identical except that they differ only in the preverbal particle (/ê/, /dê/).
-- So, to avoid repeating the same information (and thus risking errors),
-- we establish the common part shared between these verbs.
local sharedTenseRules = {
    indFuture = {
        stem         = &quot;present&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['bi'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['present']
    },

    indFuturePerfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibim']
    },

    subImperfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['bi'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ama']
    },

    subPluperfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûma']
    }
}

local mt = {
    __index = function(t, k)
        local commonRules = t._commonRules
        if commonRules then return commonRules[k] end
    end
}

-- TENSES CONJUGATION RULES
export.tenseRules = {
    -- IMPERATIVE MOOD
    impPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;impPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raweya fermanî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present imperative&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;imperative&quot;,
        _commonRules = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    -- INDICATIVE MOOD
    indPresent = {
        name         = &quot;indPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema niha&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;present&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['di'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['na'],
        endings      = getEndings['present'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indPreterite = {
        name         = &quot;indPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya sade&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;simple past&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['past'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indImperfect = {
        name         = &quot;indImperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya berdest&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;Imperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['di'],
        negPreverb   = getPreverb['di'],
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['past'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indPluperfect    = {
        name         = &quot;indPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûr&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;pluperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûm'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indFuture = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;indFuture&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema bê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;future&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    indFuturePerfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;indFuturePerfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dahatiya pêş&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;future perfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuturePerfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    -- In some books, the &quot;perfect&quot; and &quot;nonconfirmative pluperfect&quot; tenses
    -- are classified in the &quot;inferential mood&quot; (&quot;moda neşahidî&quot;).
    -- Currently we classify them using the indicative mood (at the end).
    indPerfect = {
        name         = &quot;indPerfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûdar&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;perfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ime'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indNwPluperfect = {
        name         = &quot;indNwPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;çîrokiya boriya dûdar&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;non-witnessed pluperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûme'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    -- SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
    subjPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema nihaya xwestekî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    subjPreterite = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema boriya xwestekî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;preterite subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuturePerfect,
        preverbParticle = nil,
    }, mt),

    subjImperfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjImperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya bilaniyê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;imperfect subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subImperfect,
        preverbParticle = nil,
    }, mt),

    subjPluperfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûr a bilaniyê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;pluperfect subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subPluperfect,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    -- CONDITIONAL MOOD
    condPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;condPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;çîrokiya dema nihaya mercî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present conditional&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;conditional&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subImperfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    condPreterite = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;condPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema boriya mercî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;preterite conditional&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;conditional&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subPluperfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

}

-- =============================================================================
-- MAIN CONJUGATION FUNCTOIN
-- This function returns an array containing the conjugation table for a given
-- tense as well as other information about the conjugated verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugate(opts)
    opts = opts or {}
    -- Required parameters
    local tense          = opts.tense or error(&quot;'tense' required&quot;, 2)
    --One of the two parameters is required:
    --  - If the tense uses the present stem, indicate &quot;presentStem&quot;.
    --  - If it uses the past stem, indicate &quot;pastStem&quot;.
    local presentStem    = opts.presentStem
    local pastStem       = opts.pastStem
    -- Optional parameters
    local isTransitive   = opts.isTransitive or false   -- Indicate if the verb is transitive (true/false)
    local isNegative     = opts.isNegative or false     -- Indicate if it's the negative form (true/false)
    local isCompoundVerb = opts.isCompoundVerb or false -- Indicate if it's a compound verb (true/false)
    local preSimpleVerb  = opts.preSimpleVerb or ''     -- The part before the simple verb
    local postSimpleVerb = opts.postSimpleVerb or ''    -- The part after the simple verb
    -- These parameters are provided when the verb is irregular.
    -- Allows you to manually modify preverbs (&quot;bi-&quot;&quot; or &quot;di-&quot;)
    -- and negation prefixes (&quot;na-&quot; or &quot;ne-&quot;)
    local overrideBi     = opts.overrideBi or nil
    local overrideDi     = opts.overrideDi or nil
    local overrideNa     = opts.overrideNa or nil
    local overrideNe     = opts.overrideNe or nil
    -- By default, the negation of the imperative is constructed from the prefix &quot;me-&quot;&quot;.
    -- To obtain the second variant, the prefix with &quot;ne-&quot;, you must specify &quot;impNegForm=2&quot;.
    local impNegForm     = opts.impNegForm or nil
	
	-- We add a space to the left of the &quot;postSimpleVerb&quot; because it shouldn't be attached
	-- to the simple verb.
	if (postSimpleVerb ~= '' and postSimpleVerb ~=nil) then
		postSimpleVerb = ' ' .. postSimpleVerb
	end

    -- Access to the classification table and retrieval of verb tense parameters
    local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy') or false

    -- We check that this tense is indeed in table &quot;tenseRules&quot;.
    if (not infoTense) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    -- We check that one of the two parameters of the stem is given
    if (infoTense.stem == 'present' and not presentStem) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;presentStem parameter required&lt;/span&gt;'
    elseif (infoTense.stem == 'past' and not pastStem) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;pasttStem parameter required&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    -- Choice between the present stem or past stem
    local stem = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStem or pastStem

    --────────────────────────────
    -- Conjugation construction --
    -- ───────────────────────────
    local preverb = ''
    local negPrefix = ''
    -- Ruturns the verb type: &quot;simpleVerb&quot; or &quot;preverbVerb&quot; or &quot;compoundVerb&quot;
    local verbStruct = export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)

    if isNegative then
        negPrefix = infoTense.negPrefix{stem=stem, tenseName=tense,
                                        impNegForm=impNegForm,
                                        overrideNa=overrideNa, overrideNe=overrideNe}
        if infoTense.negPreverb then
            preverb = infoTense.negPreverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
                                           overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
        end
    else
        if infoTense.preverb then
            preverb = infoTense.preverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
                                        overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
        end
    end

    infoTense.conj = {}
    local spacing = isCompoundVerb and ' ' or ''
    local endings = infoTense:endings(stem)
    local preverbParticles = getPreverbParticules(infoTense.preverbParticle, infoTense.stem, isTransitive)
    local isErgative = isTransitive and (infoTense.stem == 'past')

    -- Creating the conjugation table for a given tense
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local ending
        local conjSimbleVerb
        local conjVerb

        if isErgative then
            ending = endings.s3
        else
            ending = endings[pers]
        end

        -- Adding space after the preverbal particle
        local preverbParticle = preverbParticles[pers]
        if preverbParticle ~= '' then
            preverbParticle = preverbParticle .. ' '
        end

        conjSimbleVerb = negPrefix  .. preverb .. stem .. ending
        -- Adding prefixe and suffixe
		if postSimpleVerb ~= '' and postSimpleVerb ~=nil then
			postSimpleVerb = ' ' .. postSimpleVerb
		end
        conjVerb =  preSimpleVerb .. spacing .. conjSimbleVerb .. spacing .. postSimpleVerb
        -- Spelling correction(îy -&gt; iy)
        conjVerb = mw.ustring.gsub(conjVerb, 'îy', 'iy')
        -- Add a link
        conjVerb = link{term=conjVerb, lang=langKu}
        -- Addition of the preverbal particle
        infoTense.conj[pers] = preverbParticle .. conjVerb
    end

    -- Imperative
    if (infoTense.name == 'impPresent') then
        infoTense.conj.s1 = nil
        infoTense.conj.s2 = infoTense.conj.s3
        infoTense.conj.s3 = nil
        infoTense.conj.p1 = nil
        --infoTense.conj.p2 = infoTense.conj.p2
        infoTense.conj.p3 = nil
    end

    return infoTense
end

-- =============================================================================
--                               END
-- =============================================================================
-- Some useful tools
-- =============================================================================
-- Returns the list of verb tenses
export.tensesList = function()
	local list = {}
    for _, tense in pairs(export.tenseRules) do
        table.insert(list, tense.name)
    end
	return list
end

-- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
-- (for a given conjugate tense in all persons of that tense)
function export.concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjVerbs)
	local concatTab = {}
	for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
		concatTab[pers] = pronoms[pers] .. ' ' .. conjVerbs[pers]
	end

	return concatTab
end
-- =============================================================================
-- ADDITIONAL STEM OF THE PAST AND PRESENT (pastStem2, ... and presentStem2, ...)
-- This function does nothing more than add additional parameters for verb stems
-- in the past and present tenses.
-- Conjugations for the different stems will be separated by &quot;/&quot;
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems)
    local opts = baseOpts or {}
     opts.tense = tense or nil
     
    presentStems = presentStems or {}
	pastStems = pastStems or {}

    
    local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy') or false

    -- We check that this tense is indeed in table &quot;tenseRules&quot;.
    if not infoTense then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    local stems = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStems or pastStems

    -- For each verb stem, its conjugation table is calculated and stored in conjTabs.
    local conjTabs = {}
    for i = 1, #stems do
        if stems[i] then
            if (infoTense.stem == 'past') then opts.pastStem = stems[i] end
            if (infoTense.stem == 'present') then opts.presentStem = stems[i] end

            local conj = export.conjugate(opts).conj
            table.insert(conjTabs, conj)
        end
    end

    -- We concatenate each row of the conjugation tables.
    local concatConjTabs = {}
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local frag = {}
        for i = 1, #conjTabs do
            local val = conjTabs[i][pers]
            if val then table.insert(frag, tostring(val)) end
        end
        concatConjTabs[pers] = table.concat(frag, &quot; / &quot;)
    end

    infoTense.conj = concatConjTabs

    return infoTense
end

-- ====================================================================================
--  VERB CONUGATION IN ALL TENSES WITH PRONOUMS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, negation, concatPrs)
    local opts = baseOpts or {}
    
    if negation == 'negative' then opts.isNegative = true end

    -- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
	local concatPronomsVerbs = export.concatPronomsVerbs

    -- Tenses list
    local tensesList = export.tensesList()

    -- Conjugation in all tenses
    local conjTab = {}
    for _, tense in ipairs(tensesList) do
        local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy')

		-- We create the conjugation table without the pronouns.
        conjTab[tense] = deepCopy(export.conjugateLong(opts, tense, presentStems, pastStems), 'copy')
		
        -- We concatenate the pronouns and the verbs if &quot;concatPrs&quot; is different of &quot;false&quot;
		-- (no pronoun for the imperative mood)
		if (tense ~= 'impPresent' and concatPrs ~= false) then
			local pronoms = deepCopy(export.conjPronouns(infoTense.stem, infoTense.mode, opts.isTransitive))
        	conjTab[tense].conj = concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjTab[tense].conj)
        end
    end

    return conjTab
end

-- ====================================================================================
-- Allows you to obtain a given conjugation from a model.
-- Ex. in the template: {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=s1}}
-- See {{ku-tewîn-lk-niha}}
-- ====================================================================================
function export.tew(frame)
   local args = frame:getParent().args

    local baseOpts = {
        isNegative     = frame.args['neyînî'] or false,
        isTransitive   = args['form'],
        isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = args['pêşgir'] or nil,
        postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil,
        overrideBi     = args['bi'] or nil,
        overrideDi     = args['di'] or nil,
        overrideNa     = args['na'] or nil,
        overrideNe     = args['ne'] or nil,
        impNegForm     = nil
    }
	
	local tense        = frame.args['dem'] or nil
	local pers         = frame.args['kes'] or nil
    local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
    local pastStems    = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}

    -- A few checks
    if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = true
    elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = false
    else
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
    else
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
    end

    if (baseOpts.isNegative == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isNegative = true
    end

	local tabConj = export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems).conj
	
    return tabConj[pers]
end

-- ====================================================================================
-- GET COMMMA SEPARED FORMS
-- Bnr. [[MediaWiki:Gadget-QQ.js]]
-- ====================================================================================
function export.get_comma_separated_forms(frame)
    local opts = {
        presentStem    = frame.args['niha'],
        pastStem       = frame.args['borî'],
        isTransitive   = false,
        isNegative     = false,
        isCompoundVerb = frame['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = frame['pêşgir'] or '',
        postSimpleVerb = frame['paşgir'] or '',
        overrideBi     = frame['bi'] or nil,
        overrideDi     = frame['di'] or nil,
        overrideNa     = frame['na'] or nil,
        overrideNe     = frame['ne'] or nil,
        impNegForm     = nil,
    }

   local function removeTags(tag)
		tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '%[%[(.+)%|(.+)%]%]', '%2')
		tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '&lt;b&gt;(.+)&lt;/b&gt;', '%1')
		tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '&lt;span(.*)&gt;(.*)&lt;/span&gt;', '%2')

		return tag
   end

   local function concateList(tenseList)
        local concatList = {}
        for _, pers in ipairs({&quot;s1&quot;, &quot;s2&quot;, &quot;s3&quot;, &quot;p1&quot;}) do
        	local tense = removeTags(tenseList[pers]) -- Remove tags
            table.insert(concatList, tense)
        end

        return table.concat(concatList, &quot;,&quot;)
   end

   	local tenseList = {'indPresent','indPreterite','indImperfect',
                      'indPluperfect','indPerfect','indNwPluperfect',
                      'indFuture','indFuturePerfect',
                      'subjImperfect','subjPluperfect'
                    }
                    
    local concatAllTense = {}
    
    for  i = 1, #tenseList do
        local tense = tenseList[i]
        if export.tenseRules[tense] then
            opts.tense = tense
            local conj = shallowCopy(export.conjugate(opts).conj)
            local concatTense = concateList(conj)
            table.insert(concatAllTense, concatTense)
        end
    end
    
    return table.concat(concatAllTense, &quot;,&quot;)
end

return export</text>
      <sha1>5jzt8cpyjhqztnu6670cj2qsrlxxnt8</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237214</id>
      <parentid>6237213</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T17:52:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>sererast kirin</comment>
      <origin>6237214</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="39937" sha1="3g59obwp1vr1k8m1nlsjtgcwcnuezqs" xml:space="preserve">-- Modula tewandina lêkerên kurmancî

local export = {}

-- Load irregular forms table
-- local irreg = require('Module:ku-tewandin/dijrêzik')
local langKu = require(&quot;Modul:languages&quot;).getByCode(&quot;ku&quot;)
local link = require('Module:links').language_link
local shallowCopy = require(&quot;Module:table/shallowCopy&quot;)
local deepCopy = require(&quot;Module:table/deepCopy&quot;)

-- =============================================================================
-- Pronouns in Kurmanji
-- =============================================================================
export.order = {&quot;s1&quot;, &quot;s2&quot;, &quot;s3&quot;, &quot;p1&quot;, &quot;p2&quot;, &quot;p3&quot;}

export.pronouns = {
    s1 = &quot;ez&quot;,    p1 = &quot;em&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;tu&quot;,    p2 = &quot;hûn&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;ew&quot;,    p3 = &quot;ew&quot;
}

export.obliquePronouns = {
    s1 = &quot;min&quot;,      p1 = &quot;me&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;te&quot;,       p2 = &quot;we&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;wê/wî&quot;,    p3 = &quot;wan&quot;
}

export.agents = {
    s1 = &quot;te, wî/wê, we, wan&quot;,            p1 = &quot;te, wî/wê, we, wan&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;min, wî/wê, me, wan&quot;,           p2 = &quot;min, wî/wê, me, wan&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;min, te, wî/wê, me, we, wan&quot;,   p3 = &quot;min, te, wî/wê, me, we, wan&quot;
}

-- Oblique pronoun (green) 
export.obliquePronounsGreen = {
    s1 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;min&lt;/span&gt;',
    s2 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;te&lt;/span&gt;',
    s3 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;wê/wî&lt;/span&gt;',
    p1 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;me&lt;/span&gt;',
    p2 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;we&lt;/span&gt;',
    p3 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;wan&lt;/span&gt;'
}

-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- 1) This function returns correct subject/agent pronoun, ergativity rule:
--   - Transitive verbs in past tenses → oblique pronoun (green) = agent
--   - All other cases                 → direct pronoun (no color) = subject
-- 2) Also add the subjunctive prefix &quot;(bila)&quot;
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
function export.conjPronouns(stemType, mode, isTransitive)
    local pronouns = shallowCopy(export.pronouns)

    -- Ergativity in kurdish: transitive verbs that are conjugated with the past tense stem are
    -- conjugated according to the object, not the subject.
    -- Therefore, to have an ergative construction,
    -- the verb must be transitive and its stem must be the stem of the past tense.
    local isErgative = isTransitive and (stemType == 'past')

    -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: &quot;min&quot;, &quot;te&quot;, ...
    -- If it's not ergative, we use normal pronouns: &quot;ez&quot;, &quot;tu&quot;, ...
    if isErgative then
        pronouns = shallowCopy(export.obliquePronounsGreen)
    end

    -- For the subjunctive mood, we add &quot;(bila)&quot; at the beginning.
    if mode == 'subjunctive' then
    	local subjPrefix = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(bila)&lt;/span&gt;'
        for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
            pronouns[pers] = subjPrefix .. ' ' .. pronouns[pers]
        end
    end
    return pronouns
end

-- =============================================================================
-- VERBAL STRUCTURE IN THE INFINITIVE:
-- Verbs in the infinitive appear in three main forms:
--  1) Simple verb (indivisible light verb):
--       - ex.:  &quot;kirin&quot;, &quot;çûn&quot;, &quot;xwarin&quot;, ...
--  2) Verbs with preverbs (preverb + simple verb):
--       - ex.: &quot;rakirin&quot; (ra- + kirin), &quot;çêkirin&quot; (çê- + kirin), &quot;vexwarin&quot; (ve- + xwarin), ...
--       - Preverb verbs don't use the prefix &quot;bi-&quot; (ez ê rakim , ew ê rake , ...)
--  3) Compound verbs, construction with non-verbal element (the noun is not attached to the verb):
--       - Left of the simple verb: &quot;hez kirin&quot; (&quot;hez&quot; + &quot;kirin&quot;), &quot;li dar xistin&quot; (&quot;li dar&quot; + &quot;xistin&quot;), ...
--       - Right of the simple verb: &quot;kirin der&quot; (&quot;kirin&quot; + &quot;der&quot;), &quot;girtin ser xwe&quot; (&quot;girtin&quot; + &quot;ser xwe&quot;), ...
--       - Compound verbs use the prefix &quot;bi-&quot; (ez ê hez bi-kim , ew ê hez bi-ke )

-- STRUCTURE:  preSimpleVerb + spacing + simpleVerb + postSimpleVerb
-- EX.     kirin: preSimpleVerb='';    spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--       rakirin: preSimpleVerb='ra';  spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--     hez kirin: preSimpleVerb='hez'; spacing=true;  simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--       pev çûn: preSimpleVerb='pev'; spacing=true;  simpleVerb='çûn';   postSimpleVerb=''
--     kirin der: preSimpleVerb='';    spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='der'

-- WARNING: Conjugation can vary depending on the type of verb.
-- For example, in the future tense,the prefix &quot;bi&quot; is used for compound verbs,
-- but not for preverbal verbs, see the function that manages it  &quot;tenseRules&quot; table.
-- This table does not yet support the mixed case: a verb composed of a noun and a preverb verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
    local struct

    if (preSimpleVerb and preSimpleVerb ~= '' and not isCompoundVerb) then
        struct = 'preverbVerb'
    elseif isCompoundVerb then
        struct = 'compoundVerb'
    else
        struct = 'simpleVerb'
    end

    return struct
end

-- ================================================================
-- INFLECTIONAL ENDINGS
-- Assigns verb inflectional endings (suffixes) to all tenses
-- ================================================================
local getEndings = {}

do
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ending using present stem
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['present'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        else
            ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='e', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ind. preterite + ind. imperfect ending
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['past'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
		local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiouû]$') then
            ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then
           -- if self.name == 'indImperfect' then
           --     -- special indicative ind. imperfect rule
           --     ends = {s1='yam', s2='yayî', s3='ya', p1='yan', p2='yan', p3='yan'}
           -- end
            ends = {s1='m', s2='', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        else
            ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Compound endings with auxiliary &quot;bûn&quot;
    -- Inflectional endings are created by taking the different forms of the
    -- verb &quot;bûn&quot; (with present stem &quot;-b-&quot; and past stem &quot;-bû-&quot;) and
    -- adding an &quot;i-&quot; prefix before them: &quot;i-b-im&quot;, &quot;i-bû-m&quot;, &quot;i-bû-me&quot;, &quot;i-bû-ma&quot;.
    -- This &quot;i-&quot; varies according to the final letter of the verb stem.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    local function normalize_i(stem)
        local prfx_i = &quot;i&quot;
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, &quot;ya$&quot;) or
           mw.ustring.match(stem, &quot;[îû]$&quot;) then -- cf. karîn (-karî-)
           	prfx_i = &quot;&quot;
        elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiou]$') then
            prfx_i = &quot;yi&quot;
        end
        return prfx_i
    end

    getEndings['ibim'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bim&quot;,   p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;be&quot;,    p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûm'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûm&quot;,     p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bû&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûme'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûme&quot;,      p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyiye&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûye&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûma'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûma&quot;,      p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyayî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûya&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;
        }
    end
    
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ind. perfect ending.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['ime'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends

        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;me&quot;, s2=&quot;yî&quot;, s3=&quot;ye&quot;, p1=&quot;ne&quot;, p2=&quot;ne&quot;, p3=&quot;ne&quot;}
        else
            ends = {s1=&quot;ime&quot;, s2=&quot;iyî&quot;, s3=&quot;iye&quot;, p1=&quot;ine&quot;, p2=&quot;ine&quot;, p3=&quot;ine&quot;}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Subj. Imperfect ending.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['ama'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends

        -- The doublet in &quot;-iyan&quot; of verbs in -&quot;în&quot; (gerîn/-geriya-, kenîn/-keniya-, ...),
        -- in the conditional and subjunctive moods, a doublet &quot;yaya&quot; appears; it's removed.
        -- -yayayî → -yayî; -yaya → -ya
		if mw.ustring.match(stem, '(ya)$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;ma&quot;, s2=&quot;yî&quot;, s3=&quot;&quot;, p1=&quot;na&quot;, p2=&quot;na&quot;, p3=&quot;na&quot;}
		elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;ma&quot;, s2=&quot;yayî&quot;, s3=&quot;ya&quot;, p1=&quot;na&quot;, p2=&quot;na&quot;, p3=&quot;na&quot;}
        else
            ends = {s1=&quot;ama&quot;, s2=&quot;ayî&quot;, s3=&quot;a&quot;, p1=&quot;ana&quot;, p2=&quot;ana&quot;, p3=&quot;ana&quot;}
        end
        return ends
    end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR PREVERBS: &quot;bi-&quot; and &quot;di-&quot;
-- There are two preverbs: &quot;bi-&quot; and &quot;di-&quot;. These preverbs can change form
-- depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getPreverb = {}

do
	getPreverb['bi'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local verbStruct = opts.verbStruct
	    local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi
	
	    -- Preverb verbs don't use the preverb &quot;bi-&quot;: ra-kirin (ez ê rakim), ve-xwarin (ez ê vexwim) , ...
	    -- But compound verb and simple verbs use it: hez kirin (ez ê hez bi-kim), lê bigirin (ez ê lê bi-girim), ...
	    if (verbStruct == 'preverbVerb') then
	        return ''
	    end
	
	    if overrideBi then return overrideBi end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] end
	
	    -- Modification of the preverbe &quot;bi-&quot; according to the last letter of the stem.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[aeêiîouû]') then
	        return 'b'
	    end
	
	    return 'bi'
	end
	
	getPreverb['di'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi
	
	    if overrideDi then return overrideDi end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] end
	
	    -- Modification of the preverbe &quot;di-&quot; according to the last letter of the stem.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[ai]') then
	        return 'd'
	    end
	    -- Ex. hatin : stem = -ê- // ez têm
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[êî]') then
	        return 't'
	    end
	
	    return 'di'
	end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR NEGATION PREFIXES: &quot;na-&quot; and &quot;ne-&quot;
-- There are two negation prefixes: &quot;na-&quot; and &quot;ne-&quot;. These preverbs can change
-- form depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getNegPrefix = {}

do
	getNegPrefix['na'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa
	
	    if overrideNa then return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNa .. '&lt;/b&gt;' end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] end
	
	    -- Add sufix &quot;-y&quot; before certain vowels.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;nay&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	    -- Elision before stems beginning with &quot;a-&quot; (removal of the final &quot;-e&quot;).
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;n&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    -- Tîpa duyem &quot;-a-&quot; ye (k-a-rîn, z-a-nîn, ...)
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^%wa') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;ni&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    return '&lt;b&gt;na&lt;/b&gt;'
	end

	getNegPrefix['ne'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local tenseName = opts.tenseName
	    local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm
	    local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe
	
	    if overrideNe then return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;' end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] end
	
	    local negPrefix = 'ne'
	    -- There are two forms of construction of the imperative,
	    -- one with the prefix &quot;me-&quot; and the other with the prefix &quot;ne-&quot;.
	    if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then
	        negPrefix = (impNegForm == 2) and 'ne' or 'me'
	    end
	
	    -- Add sufix &quot;-y&quot; before certain vowels.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. 'y&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    -- Elision before stems beginning with &quot;a-&quot; (removal of the final &quot;-e&quot;).
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
	        negPrefix = mw.ustring.sub(negPrefix, 1, -2)
	        return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- Standardization of the PREVERBAL PARTICLE
-- The proverbial particle &quot;ê&quot; is placed after the personal pronoun.
-- =============================================================================
-- If there are no verbal preparticles, return empty table.
local function getPreverbParticules(preverbParticle, typeStem, isTransitive)
    if not preverbParticle then
        return {s1='', s2='', s3='', p1='', p2='', p3=''}
    end

    if preverbParticle == 'ê' then
        local isErgative = isTransitive and (typeStem == 'past')

        -- When the personal pronoun ends in a vowel, a &quot;y-&quot; is added before &quot;ê&quot;.
        -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: &quot;min&quot;, &quot;te&quot;, ...
        if isErgative then
            return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='yê/dê', p1='yê/dê', p2='yê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
        else
            return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='ê/dê', p1='ê/dê', p2='ê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
        end
    end

    -- If the verbal preparticle is identical for all pronouns,
    -- we create a table with the same value.
    local preverbParticles = {}
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        preverbParticles[pers] = preverbParticle
    end

    return preverbParticles
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING EACH VERB TENSE
-- This table lists, for each verb tense, what elements are required to form it:
--   - Verb conjugation is built by placing either the preverb &quot;bi-&quot; or &quot;di-&quot; before
--     the verb stem (past or present), followed by a personal ending.
--   - For the negative form, one of the prefixes &quot;na-&quot; or &quot;ne-&quot; is added as well.
--   - In some cases, a preverbal particle such as /ê/ or /dê/ is added before
--     the conjugated verb as well.
-- Not: - The &quot;negPreverb&quot; (preverb (bi-/di-) for negative tenses) parameter has a
--         value different from &quot;nil&quot; only for the Imperfect tense (&quot;negPreverb=di&quot;).
--      - The parameter &quot;negPrefix=na&quot; is used only for the present indicative.
--
-- Preverb &quot;di&quot;, used in: &quot;indPresent&quot;(present stem), &quot;indImperfect&quot;(past stem)
--                        - Bo neyînî: pêşgira &quot;di-&quot; tenê di nav dema &quot;IndImperfect&quot; de tê bikaranîn.
-- Preverb &quot;bi&quot;, used in: &quot;indFuture&quot;(present stem), &quot;subPresent&quot;(present stem),
--                         &quot;subImperfect&quot;(past stem) = &quot;condPresent&quot;(past stem)
--                        - The prefix &quot;bi-&quot; isn't used in negative forms.
--
-- Present stem, used in: &quot;indPresent&quot;(di)(na),
--                        &quot;indFuture&quot;(bi)(ne) = &quot;subPresent&quot;(bi)(ne)
--
-- Past stem, used in: &quot;indPreterite&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indImperfect&quot;(di)(ne), &quot;indPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;indPerfect&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indNwPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indFuturePerfect&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;subPreterite&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;subImperfect&quot;(bi)(ne) = &quot;condPresent&quot;(bi)(ne),
--                     &quot;subPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne) = &quot;condPreterite&quot;(-)(ne)
-- =============================================================================
-- Some conjugations are identical except that they differ only in the preverbal particle (/ê/, /dê/).
-- So, to avoid repeating the same information (and thus risking errors),
-- we establish the common part shared between these verbs.
local sharedTenseRules = {
    indFuture = {
        stem         = &quot;present&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['bi'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['present']
    },

    indFuturePerfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibim']
    },

    subImperfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['bi'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ama']
    },

    subPluperfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûma']
    }
}

local mt = {
    __index = function(t, k)
        local commonRules = t._commonRules
        if commonRules then return commonRules[k] end
    end
}

-- TENSES CONJUGATION RULES
export.tenseRules = {
    -- IMPERATIVE MOOD
    impPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;impPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raweya fermanî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present imperative&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;imperative&quot;,
        _commonRules = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    -- INDICATIVE MOOD
    indPresent = {
        name         = &quot;indPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema niha&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;present&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['di'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['na'],
        endings      = getEndings['present'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indPreterite = {
        name         = &quot;indPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya sade&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;simple past&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['past'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indImperfect = {
        name         = &quot;indImperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya berdest&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;Imperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['di'],
        negPreverb   = getPreverb['di'],
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['past'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indPluperfect    = {
        name         = &quot;indPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûr&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;pluperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûm'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indFuture = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;indFuture&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema bê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;future&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    indFuturePerfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;indFuturePerfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dahatiya pêş&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;future perfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuturePerfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    -- In some books, the &quot;perfect&quot; and &quot;nonconfirmative pluperfect&quot; tenses
    -- are classified in the &quot;inferential mood&quot; (&quot;moda neşahidî&quot;).
    -- Currently we classify them using the indicative mood (at the end).
    indPerfect = {
        name         = &quot;indPerfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûdar&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;perfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ime'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indNwPluperfect = {
        name         = &quot;indNwPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;çîrokiya boriya dûdar&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;non-witnessed pluperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûme'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    -- SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
    subjPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema nihaya xwestekî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    subjPreterite = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema boriya xwestekî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;preterite subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuturePerfect,
        preverbParticle = nil,
    }, mt),

    subjImperfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjImperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya bilaniyê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;imperfect subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subImperfect,
        preverbParticle = nil,
    }, mt),

    subjPluperfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûr a bilaniyê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;pluperfect subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subPluperfect,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    -- CONDITIONAL MOOD
    condPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;condPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;çîrokiya dema nihaya mercî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present conditional&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;conditional&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subImperfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    condPreterite = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;condPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema boriya mercî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;preterite conditional&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;conditional&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subPluperfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

}

-- =============================================================================
-- MAIN CONJUGATION FUNCTOIN
-- This function returns an array containing the conjugation table for a given
-- tense as well as other information about the conjugated verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugate(opts)
    opts = opts or {}
    -- Required parameters
    local tense          = opts.tense or error(&quot;'tense' required&quot;, 2)
    --One of the two parameters is required:
    --  - If the tense uses the present stem, indicate &quot;presentStem&quot;.
    --  - If it uses the past stem, indicate &quot;pastStem&quot;.
    local presentStem    = opts.presentStem
    local pastStem       = opts.pastStem
    -- Optional parameters
    local isTransitive   = opts.isTransitive or false   -- Indicate if the verb is transitive (true/false)
    local isNegative     = opts.isNegative or false     -- Indicate if it's the negative form (true/false)
    local isCompoundVerb = opts.isCompoundVerb or false -- Indicate if it's a compound verb (true/false)
    local preSimpleVerb  = opts.preSimpleVerb or ''     -- The part before the simple verb
    local postSimpleVerb = opts.postSimpleVerb or ''    -- The part after the simple verb
    -- These parameters are provided when the verb is irregular.
    -- Allows you to manually modify preverbs (&quot;bi-&quot;&quot; or &quot;di-&quot;)
    -- and negation prefixes (&quot;na-&quot; or &quot;ne-&quot;)
    local overrideBi     = opts.overrideBi or nil
    local overrideDi     = opts.overrideDi or nil
    local overrideNa     = opts.overrideNa or nil
    local overrideNe     = opts.overrideNe or nil
    -- By default, the negation of the imperative is constructed from the prefix &quot;me-&quot;&quot;.
    -- To obtain the second variant, the prefix with &quot;ne-&quot;, you must specify &quot;impNegForm=2&quot;.
    local impNegForm     = opts.impNegForm or nil

	-- We add a space to the left of the &quot;postSimpleVerb&quot; because it shouldn't be attached
	-- to the simple verb.
	if (postSimpleVerb ~= '' and postSimpleVerb ~=nil) then
		postSimpleVerb = ' ' .. postSimpleVerb
	end

    -- Access to the classification table and retrieval of verb tense parameters
    local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy') or false

    -- We check that this tense is indeed in table &quot;tenseRules&quot;.
    if (not infoTense) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    -- We check that one of the two parameters of the stem is given
    if (infoTense.stem == 'present' and not presentStem) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;presentStem parameter required&lt;/span&gt;'
    elseif (infoTense.stem == 'past' and not pastStem) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;pasttStem parameter required&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    -- Choice between the present stem or past stem
    local stem = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStem or pastStem

    --────────────────────────────
    -- Conjugation construction --
    -- ───────────────────────────
    local preverb = ''
    local negPrefix = ''
    -- Ruturns the verb type: &quot;simpleVerb&quot; or &quot;preverbVerb&quot; or &quot;compoundVerb&quot;
    local verbStruct = export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)

    if isNegative then
        negPrefix = infoTense.negPrefix{stem=stem, tenseName=tense,
                                        impNegForm=impNegForm,
                                        overrideNa=overrideNa, overrideNe=overrideNe}
        if infoTense.negPreverb then
            preverb = infoTense.negPreverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
                                           overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
        end
    else
        if infoTense.preverb then
            preverb = infoTense.preverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
                                        overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
        end
    end

    infoTense.conj = {}
    local spacing = isCompoundVerb and ' ' or ''
    local endings = infoTense:endings(stem)
    local preverbParticles = getPreverbParticules(infoTense.preverbParticle, infoTense.stem, isTransitive)
    local isErgative = isTransitive and (infoTense.stem == 'past')

    -- Creating the conjugation table for a given tense
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local ending
        local conjSimbleVerb
        local conjVerb

        if isErgative then
            ending = endings.s3
        else
            ending = endings[pers]
        end

        -- Adding space after the preverbal particle
        local preverbParticle = preverbParticles[pers]
        if preverbParticle ~= '' then
            preverbParticle = preverbParticle .. ' '
        end

        conjSimbleVerb = negPrefix  .. preverb .. stem .. ending
        -- Adding prefixe and suffixe
        conjVerb =  preSimpleVerb .. spacing .. conjSimbleVerb .. postSimpleVerb
        -- Spelling correction(îy -&gt; iy)
        conjVerb = mw.ustring.gsub(conjVerb, 'îy', 'iy')
        -- Add a link
        conjVerb = link{term=conjVerb, lang=langKu}
        -- Addition of the preverbal particle
        infoTense.conj[pers] = preverbParticle .. conjVerb
    end

    -- Imperative
    if (infoTense.name == 'impPresent') then
        infoTense.conj.s1 = nil
        infoTense.conj.s2 = infoTense.conj.s3
        infoTense.conj.s3 = nil
        infoTense.conj.p1 = nil
        --infoTense.conj.p2 = infoTense.conj.p2
        infoTense.conj.p3 = nil
    end

    return infoTense
end

-- =============================================================================
--                               END
-- =============================================================================
-- Some useful tools
-- =============================================================================
-- Returns the list of verb tenses
export.tensesList = function()
	local list = {}
    for _, tense in pairs(export.tenseRules) do
        table.insert(list, tense.name)
    end
	return list
end

-- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
-- (for a given conjugate tense in all persons of that tense)
function export.concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjVerbs)
	local concatTab = {}
	for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
		concatTab[pers] = pronoms[pers] .. ' ' .. conjVerbs[pers]
	end

	return concatTab
end
-- =============================================================================
-- ADDITIONAL STEM OF THE PAST AND PRESENT (pastStem2, ... and presentStem2, ...)
-- This function does nothing more than add additional parameters for verb stems
-- in the past and present tenses.
-- Conjugations for the different stems will be separated by &quot;/&quot;
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems)
    local opts = baseOpts or {}
     opts.tense = tense or nil
     
    presentStems = presentStems or {}
	pastStems = pastStems or {}

    
    local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy') or false

    -- We check that this tense is indeed in table &quot;tenseRules&quot;.
    if not infoTense then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    local stems = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStems or pastStems

    -- For each verb stem, its conjugation table is calculated and stored in conjTabs.
    local conjTabs = {}
    for i = 1, #stems do
        if stems[i] then
            if (infoTense.stem == 'past') then opts.pastStem = stems[i] end
            if (infoTense.stem == 'present') then opts.presentStem = stems[i] end

            local conj = export.conjugate(opts).conj
            table.insert(conjTabs, conj)
        end
    end

    -- We concatenate each row of the conjugation tables.
    local concatConjTabs = {}
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local frag = {}
        for i = 1, #conjTabs do
            local val = conjTabs[i][pers]
            if val then table.insert(frag, tostring(val)) end
        end
        concatConjTabs[pers] = table.concat(frag, &quot; / &quot;)
    end

    infoTense.conj = concatConjTabs

    return infoTense
end

-- ====================================================================================
--  VERB CONUGATION IN ALL TENSES WITH PRONOUMS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, negation, concatPrs)
    local opts = baseOpts or {}
    
    if negation == 'negative' then opts.isNegative = true end

    -- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
	local concatPronomsVerbs = export.concatPronomsVerbs

    -- Tenses list
    local tensesList = export.tensesList()

    -- Conjugation in all tenses
    local conjTab = {}
    for _, tense in ipairs(tensesList) do
        local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy')

		-- We create the conjugation table without the pronouns.
        conjTab[tense] = deepCopy(export.conjugateLong(opts, tense, presentStems, pastStems), 'copy')
		
        -- We concatenate the pronouns and the verbs if &quot;concatPrs&quot; is different of &quot;false&quot;
		-- (no pronoun for the imperative mood)
		if (tense ~= 'impPresent' and concatPrs ~= false) then
			local pronoms = deepCopy(export.conjPronouns(infoTense.stem, infoTense.mode, opts.isTransitive))
        	conjTab[tense].conj = concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjTab[tense].conj)
        end
    end

    return conjTab
end

-- ====================================================================================
-- Allows you to obtain a given conjugation from a model.
-- Ex. in the template: {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=s1}}
-- See {{ku-tewîn-lk-niha}}
-- ====================================================================================
function export.tew(frame)
   local args = frame:getParent().args

    local baseOpts = {
        isNegative     = frame.args['neyînî'] or false,
        isTransitive   = args['form'],
        isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = args['pêşgir'] or nil,
        postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil,
        overrideBi     = args['bi'] or nil,
        overrideDi     = args['di'] or nil,
        overrideNa     = args['na'] or nil,
        overrideNe     = args['ne'] or nil,
        impNegForm     = nil
    }
	
	local tense        = frame.args['dem'] or nil
	local pers         = frame.args['kes'] or nil
    local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
    local pastStems    = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}

    -- A few checks
    if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = true
    elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = false
    else
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
    else
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
    end

    if (baseOpts.isNegative == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isNegative = true
    end

	local tabConj = export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems).conj
	
    return tabConj[pers]
end

-- ====================================================================================
-- GET COMMMA SEPARED FORMS
-- Bnr. [[MediaWiki:Gadget-QQ.js]]
-- ====================================================================================
function export.get_comma_separated_forms(frame)
    local opts = {
        presentStem    = frame.args['niha'],
        pastStem       = frame.args['borî'],
        isTransitive   = false,
        isNegative     = false,
        isCompoundVerb = frame['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = frame['pêşgir'] or '',
        postSimpleVerb = frame['paşgir'] or '',
        overrideBi     = frame['bi'] or nil,
        overrideDi     = frame['di'] or nil,
        overrideNa     = frame['na'] or nil,
        overrideNe     = frame['ne'] or nil,
        impNegForm     = nil,
    }

   local function removeTags(tag)
		tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '%[%[(.+)%|(.+)%]%]', '%2')
		tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '&lt;b&gt;(.+)&lt;/b&gt;', '%1')
		tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '&lt;span(.*)&gt;(.*)&lt;/span&gt;', '%2')

		return tag
   end

   local function concateList(tenseList)
        local concatList = {}
        for _, pers in ipairs({&quot;s1&quot;, &quot;s2&quot;, &quot;s3&quot;, &quot;p1&quot;}) do
        	local tense = removeTags(tenseList[pers]) -- Remove tags
            table.insert(concatList, tense)
        end

        return table.concat(concatList, &quot;,&quot;)
   end

   	local tenseList = {'indPresent','indPreterite','indImperfect',
                      'indPluperfect','indPerfect','indNwPluperfect',
                      'indFuture','indFuturePerfect',
                      'subjImperfect','subjPluperfect'
                    }
                    
    local concatAllTense = {}
    
    for  i = 1, #tenseList do
        local tense = tenseList[i]
        if export.tenseRules[tense] then
            opts.tense = tense
            local conj = shallowCopy(export.conjugate(opts).conj)
            local concatTense = concateList(conj)
            table.insert(concatAllTense, concatTense)
        end
    end
    
    return table.concat(concatAllTense, &quot;,&quot;)
end

return export</text>
      <sha1>3g59obwp1vr1k8m1nlsjtgcwcnuezqs</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237215</id>
      <parentid>6237214</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T17:59:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>6237215</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="39943" sha1="eowjk4ju9t3ed51pyrnac3qsulxlvc4" xml:space="preserve">-- Modula tewandina lêkerên kurmancî

local export = {}

-- Load irregular forms table
-- local irreg = require('Module:ku-tewandin/dijrêzik')
local langKu = require(&quot;Modul:languages&quot;).getByCode(&quot;ku&quot;)
local link = require('Module:links').language_link
local shallowCopy = require(&quot;Module:table/shallowCopy&quot;)
local deepCopy = require(&quot;Module:table/deepCopy&quot;)

-- =============================================================================
-- Pronouns in Kurmanji
-- =============================================================================
export.order = {&quot;s1&quot;, &quot;s2&quot;, &quot;s3&quot;, &quot;p1&quot;, &quot;p2&quot;, &quot;p3&quot;}

export.pronouns = {
    s1 = &quot;ez&quot;,    p1 = &quot;em&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;tu&quot;,    p2 = &quot;hûn&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;ew&quot;,    p3 = &quot;ew&quot;
}

export.obliquePronouns = {
    s1 = &quot;min&quot;,      p1 = &quot;me&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;te&quot;,       p2 = &quot;we&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;wê/wî&quot;,    p3 = &quot;wan&quot;
}

export.agents = {
    s1 = &quot;te, wî, wê, we, wan&quot;,            p1 = &quot;te, wî, wê, we, wan&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;min, wî, wê, me, wan&quot;,           p2 = &quot;min, wî, wê, me, wan&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;min, te, wî, wê, me, we, wan&quot;,   p3 = &quot;min, te, wî, wê, me, we, wan&quot;
}

-- Oblique pronoun (green) 
export.obliquePronounsGreen = {
    s1 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;min&lt;/span&gt;',
    s2 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;te&lt;/span&gt;',
    s3 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;wê/wî&lt;/span&gt;',
    p1 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;me&lt;/span&gt;',
    p2 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;we&lt;/span&gt;',
    p3 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;wan&lt;/span&gt;'
}

-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- 1) This function returns correct subject/agent pronoun, ergativity rule:
--   - Transitive verbs in past tenses → oblique pronoun (green) = agent
--   - All other cases                 → direct pronoun (no color) = subject
-- 2) Also add the subjunctive prefix &quot;(bila)&quot;
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
function export.conjPronouns(stemType, mode, isTransitive)
    local pronouns = shallowCopy(export.pronouns)

    -- Ergativity in kurdish: transitive verbs that are conjugated with the past tense stem are
    -- conjugated according to the object, not the subject.
    -- Therefore, to have an ergative construction,
    -- the verb must be transitive and its stem must be the stem of the past tense.
    local isErgative = isTransitive and (stemType == 'past')

    -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: &quot;min&quot;, &quot;te&quot;, ...
    -- If it's not ergative, we use normal pronouns: &quot;ez&quot;, &quot;tu&quot;, ...
    if isErgative then
        pronouns = shallowCopy(export.obliquePronounsGreen)
    end

    -- For the subjunctive mood, we add &quot;(bila)&quot; at the beginning.
    if mode == 'subjunctive' then
    	local subjPrefix = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(bila)&lt;/span&gt;'
        for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
            pronouns[pers] = subjPrefix .. ' ' .. pronouns[pers]
        end
    end
    return pronouns
end

-- =============================================================================
-- VERBAL STRUCTURE IN THE INFINITIVE:
-- Verbs in the infinitive appear in three main forms:
--  1) Simple verb (indivisible light verb):
--       - ex.:  &quot;kirin&quot;, &quot;çûn&quot;, &quot;xwarin&quot;, ...
--  2) Verbs with preverbs (preverb + simple verb):
--       - ex.: &quot;rakirin&quot; (ra- + kirin), &quot;çêkirin&quot; (çê- + kirin), &quot;vexwarin&quot; (ve- + xwarin), ...
--       - Preverb verbs don't use the prefix &quot;bi-&quot; (ez ê rakim , ew ê rake , ...)
--  3) Compound verbs, construction with non-verbal element (the noun is not attached to the verb):
--       - Left of the simple verb: &quot;hez kirin&quot; (&quot;hez&quot; + &quot;kirin&quot;), &quot;li dar xistin&quot; (&quot;li dar&quot; + &quot;xistin&quot;), ...
--       - Right of the simple verb: &quot;kirin der&quot; (&quot;kirin&quot; + &quot;der&quot;), &quot;girtin ser xwe&quot; (&quot;girtin&quot; + &quot;ser xwe&quot;), ...
--       - Compound verbs use the prefix &quot;bi-&quot; (ez ê hez bi-kim , ew ê hez bi-ke )

-- STRUCTURE:  preSimpleVerb + spacing + simpleVerb + postSimpleVerb
-- EX.     kirin: preSimpleVerb='';    spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--       rakirin: preSimpleVerb='ra';  spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--     hez kirin: preSimpleVerb='hez'; spacing=true;  simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--       pev çûn: preSimpleVerb='pev'; spacing=true;  simpleVerb='çûn';   postSimpleVerb=''
--     kirin der: preSimpleVerb='';    spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='der'

-- WARNING: Conjugation can vary depending on the type of verb.
-- For example, in the future tense,the prefix &quot;bi&quot; is used for compound verbs,
-- but not for preverbal verbs, see the function that manages it  &quot;tenseRules&quot; table.
-- This table does not yet support the mixed case: a verb composed of a noun and a preverb verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
    local struct

    if (preSimpleVerb and preSimpleVerb ~= '' and not isCompoundVerb) then
        struct = 'preverbVerb'
    elseif isCompoundVerb then
        struct = 'compoundVerb'
    else
        struct = 'simpleVerb'
    end

    return struct
end

-- ================================================================
-- INFLECTIONAL ENDINGS
-- Assigns verb inflectional endings (suffixes) to all tenses
-- ================================================================
local getEndings = {}

do
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ending using present stem
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['present'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        else
            ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='e', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ind. preterite + ind. imperfect ending
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['past'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
		local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiouû]$') then
            ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then
           -- if self.name == 'indImperfect' then
           --     -- special indicative ind. imperfect rule
           --     ends = {s1='yam', s2='yayî', s3='ya', p1='yan', p2='yan', p3='yan'}
           -- end
            ends = {s1='m', s2='', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        else
            ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Compound endings with auxiliary &quot;bûn&quot;
    -- Inflectional endings are created by taking the different forms of the
    -- verb &quot;bûn&quot; (with present stem &quot;-b-&quot; and past stem &quot;-bû-&quot;) and
    -- adding an &quot;i-&quot; prefix before them: &quot;i-b-im&quot;, &quot;i-bû-m&quot;, &quot;i-bû-me&quot;, &quot;i-bû-ma&quot;.
    -- This &quot;i-&quot; varies according to the final letter of the verb stem.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    local function normalize_i(stem)
        local prfx_i = &quot;i&quot;
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, &quot;ya$&quot;) or
           mw.ustring.match(stem, &quot;[îû]$&quot;) then -- cf. karîn (-karî-)
           	prfx_i = &quot;&quot;
        elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiou]$') then
            prfx_i = &quot;yi&quot;
        end
        return prfx_i
    end

    getEndings['ibim'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bim&quot;,   p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;be&quot;,    p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûm'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûm&quot;,     p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bû&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûme'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûme&quot;,      p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyiye&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûye&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûma'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûma&quot;,      p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyayî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûya&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;
        }
    end
    
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ind. perfect ending.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['ime'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends

        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;me&quot;, s2=&quot;yî&quot;, s3=&quot;ye&quot;, p1=&quot;ne&quot;, p2=&quot;ne&quot;, p3=&quot;ne&quot;}
        else
            ends = {s1=&quot;ime&quot;, s2=&quot;iyî&quot;, s3=&quot;iye&quot;, p1=&quot;ine&quot;, p2=&quot;ine&quot;, p3=&quot;ine&quot;}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Subj. Imperfect ending.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['ama'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends

        -- The doublet in &quot;-iyan&quot; of verbs in -&quot;în&quot; (gerîn/-geriya-, kenîn/-keniya-, ...),
        -- in the conditional and subjunctive moods, a doublet &quot;yaya&quot; appears; it's removed.
        -- -yayayî → -yayî; -yaya → -ya
		if mw.ustring.match(stem, '(ya)$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;ma&quot;, s2=&quot;yî&quot;, s3=&quot;&quot;, p1=&quot;na&quot;, p2=&quot;na&quot;, p3=&quot;na&quot;}
		elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;ma&quot;, s2=&quot;yayî&quot;, s3=&quot;ya&quot;, p1=&quot;na&quot;, p2=&quot;na&quot;, p3=&quot;na&quot;}
        else
            ends = {s1=&quot;ama&quot;, s2=&quot;ayî&quot;, s3=&quot;a&quot;, p1=&quot;ana&quot;, p2=&quot;ana&quot;, p3=&quot;ana&quot;}
        end
        return ends
    end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR PREVERBS: &quot;bi-&quot; and &quot;di-&quot;
-- There are two preverbs: &quot;bi-&quot; and &quot;di-&quot;. These preverbs can change form
-- depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getPreverb = {}

do
	getPreverb['bi'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local verbStruct = opts.verbStruct
	    local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi
	
	    -- Preverb verbs don't use the preverb &quot;bi-&quot;: ra-kirin (ez ê rakim), ve-xwarin (ez ê vexwim) , ...
	    -- But compound verb and simple verbs use it: hez kirin (ez ê hez bi-kim), lê bigirin (ez ê lê bi-girim), ...
	    if (verbStruct == 'preverbVerb') then
	        return ''
	    end
	
	    if overrideBi then return overrideBi end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] end
	
	    -- Modification of the preverbe &quot;bi-&quot; according to the last letter of the stem.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[aeêiîouû]') then
	        return 'b'
	    end
	
	    return 'bi'
	end
	
	getPreverb['di'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi
	
	    if overrideDi then return overrideDi end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] end
	
	    -- Modification of the preverbe &quot;di-&quot; according to the last letter of the stem.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[ai]') then
	        return 'd'
	    end
	    -- Ex. hatin : stem = -ê- // ez têm
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[êî]') then
	        return 't'
	    end
	
	    return 'di'
	end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR NEGATION PREFIXES: &quot;na-&quot; and &quot;ne-&quot;
-- There are two negation prefixes: &quot;na-&quot; and &quot;ne-&quot;. These preverbs can change
-- form depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getNegPrefix = {}

do
	getNegPrefix['na'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa
	
	    if overrideNa then return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNa .. '&lt;/b&gt;' end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] end
	
	    -- Add sufix &quot;-y&quot; before certain vowels.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;nay&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	    -- Elision before stems beginning with &quot;a-&quot; (removal of the final &quot;-e&quot;).
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;n&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    -- Tîpa duyem &quot;-a-&quot; ye (k-a-rîn, z-a-nîn, ...)
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^%wa') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;ni&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    return '&lt;b&gt;na&lt;/b&gt;'
	end

	getNegPrefix['ne'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local tenseName = opts.tenseName
	    local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm
	    local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe
	
	    if overrideNe then return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;' end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] end
	
	    local negPrefix = 'ne'
	    -- There are two forms of construction of the imperative,
	    -- one with the prefix &quot;me-&quot; and the other with the prefix &quot;ne-&quot;.
	    if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then
	        negPrefix = (impNegForm == 2) and 'ne' or 'me'
	    end
	
	    -- Add sufix &quot;-y&quot; before certain vowels.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. 'y&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    -- Elision before stems beginning with &quot;a-&quot; (removal of the final &quot;-e&quot;).
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
	        negPrefix = mw.ustring.sub(negPrefix, 1, -2)
	        return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- Standardization of the PREVERBAL PARTICLE
-- The proverbial particle &quot;ê&quot; is placed after the personal pronoun.
-- =============================================================================
-- If there are no verbal preparticles, return empty table.
local function getPreverbParticules(preverbParticle, typeStem, isTransitive)
    if not preverbParticle then
        return {s1='', s2='', s3='', p1='', p2='', p3=''}
    end

    if preverbParticle == 'ê' then
        local isErgative = isTransitive and (typeStem == 'past')

        -- When the personal pronoun ends in a vowel, a &quot;y-&quot; is added before &quot;ê&quot;.
        -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: &quot;min&quot;, &quot;te&quot;, ...
        if isErgative then
            return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='yê/dê', p1='yê/dê', p2='yê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
        else
            return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='ê/dê', p1='ê/dê', p2='ê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
        end
    end

    -- If the verbal preparticle is identical for all pronouns,
    -- we create a table with the same value.
    local preverbParticles = {}
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        preverbParticles[pers] = preverbParticle
    end

    return preverbParticles
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING EACH VERB TENSE
-- This table lists, for each verb tense, what elements are required to form it:
--   - Verb conjugation is built by placing either the preverb &quot;bi-&quot; or &quot;di-&quot; before
--     the verb stem (past or present), followed by a personal ending.
--   - For the negative form, one of the prefixes &quot;na-&quot; or &quot;ne-&quot; is added as well.
--   - In some cases, a preverbal particle such as /ê/ or /dê/ is added before
--     the conjugated verb as well.
-- Not: - The &quot;negPreverb&quot; (preverb (bi-/di-) for negative tenses) parameter has a
--         value different from &quot;nil&quot; only for the Imperfect tense (&quot;negPreverb=di&quot;).
--      - The parameter &quot;negPrefix=na&quot; is used only for the present indicative.
--
-- Preverb &quot;di&quot;, used in: &quot;indPresent&quot;(present stem), &quot;indImperfect&quot;(past stem)
--                        - Bo neyînî: pêşgira &quot;di-&quot; tenê di nav dema &quot;IndImperfect&quot; de tê bikaranîn.
-- Preverb &quot;bi&quot;, used in: &quot;indFuture&quot;(present stem), &quot;subPresent&quot;(present stem),
--                         &quot;subImperfect&quot;(past stem) = &quot;condPresent&quot;(past stem)
--                        - The prefix &quot;bi-&quot; isn't used in negative forms.
--
-- Present stem, used in: &quot;indPresent&quot;(di)(na),
--                        &quot;indFuture&quot;(bi)(ne) = &quot;subPresent&quot;(bi)(ne)
--
-- Past stem, used in: &quot;indPreterite&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indImperfect&quot;(di)(ne), &quot;indPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;indPerfect&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indNwPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indFuturePerfect&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;subPreterite&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;subImperfect&quot;(bi)(ne) = &quot;condPresent&quot;(bi)(ne),
--                     &quot;subPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne) = &quot;condPreterite&quot;(-)(ne)
-- =============================================================================
-- Some conjugations are identical except that they differ only in the preverbal particle (/ê/, /dê/).
-- So, to avoid repeating the same information (and thus risking errors),
-- we establish the common part shared between these verbs.
local sharedTenseRules = {
    indFuture = {
        stem         = &quot;present&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['bi'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['present']
    },

    indFuturePerfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibim']
    },

    subImperfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['bi'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ama']
    },

    subPluperfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûma']
    }
}

local mt = {
    __index = function(t, k)
        local commonRules = t._commonRules
        if commonRules then return commonRules[k] end
    end
}

-- TENSES CONJUGATION RULES
export.tenseRules = {
    -- IMPERATIVE MOOD
    impPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;impPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raweya fermanî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present imperative&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;imperative&quot;,
        _commonRules = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    -- INDICATIVE MOOD
    indPresent = {
        name         = &quot;indPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema niha&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;present&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['di'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['na'],
        endings      = getEndings['present'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indPreterite = {
        name         = &quot;indPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya sade&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;simple past&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['past'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indImperfect = {
        name         = &quot;indImperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya berdest&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;Imperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['di'],
        negPreverb   = getPreverb['di'],
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['past'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indPluperfect    = {
        name         = &quot;indPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûr&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;pluperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûm'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indFuture = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;indFuture&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema bê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;future&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    indFuturePerfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;indFuturePerfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dahatiya pêş&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;future perfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuturePerfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    -- In some books, the &quot;perfect&quot; and &quot;nonconfirmative pluperfect&quot; tenses
    -- are classified in the &quot;inferential mood&quot; (&quot;moda neşahidî&quot;).
    -- Currently we classify them using the indicative mood (at the end).
    indPerfect = {
        name         = &quot;indPerfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûdar&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;perfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ime'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indNwPluperfect = {
        name         = &quot;indNwPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;çîrokiya boriya dûdar&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;non-witnessed pluperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûme'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    -- SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
    subjPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema nihaya xwestekî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    subjPreterite = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema boriya xwestekî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;preterite subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuturePerfect,
        preverbParticle = nil,
    }, mt),

    subjImperfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjImperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya bilaniyê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;imperfect subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subImperfect,
        preverbParticle = nil,
    }, mt),

    subjPluperfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûr a bilaniyê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;pluperfect subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subPluperfect,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    -- CONDITIONAL MOOD
    condPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;condPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;çîrokiya dema nihaya mercî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present conditional&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;conditional&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subImperfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    condPreterite = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;condPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema boriya mercî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;preterite conditional&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;conditional&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subPluperfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

}

-- =============================================================================
-- MAIN CONJUGATION FUNCTOIN
-- This function returns an array containing the conjugation table for a given
-- tense as well as other information about the conjugated verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugate(opts)
    opts = opts or {}
    -- Required parameters
    local tense          = opts.tense or error(&quot;'tense' required&quot;, 2)
    --One of the two parameters is required:
    --  - If the tense uses the present stem, indicate &quot;presentStem&quot;.
    --  - If it uses the past stem, indicate &quot;pastStem&quot;.
    local presentStem    = opts.presentStem
    local pastStem       = opts.pastStem
    -- Optional parameters
    local isTransitive   = opts.isTransitive or false   -- Indicate if the verb is transitive (true/false)
    local isNegative     = opts.isNegative or false     -- Indicate if it's the negative form (true/false)
    local isCompoundVerb = opts.isCompoundVerb or false -- Indicate if it's a compound verb (true/false)
    local preSimpleVerb  = opts.preSimpleVerb or ''     -- The part before the simple verb
    local postSimpleVerb = opts.postSimpleVerb or ''    -- The part after the simple verb
    -- These parameters are provided when the verb is irregular.
    -- Allows you to manually modify preverbs (&quot;bi-&quot;&quot; or &quot;di-&quot;)
    -- and negation prefixes (&quot;na-&quot; or &quot;ne-&quot;)
    local overrideBi     = opts.overrideBi or nil
    local overrideDi     = opts.overrideDi or nil
    local overrideNa     = opts.overrideNa or nil
    local overrideNe     = opts.overrideNe or nil
    -- By default, the negation of the imperative is constructed from the prefix &quot;me-&quot;&quot;.
    -- To obtain the second variant, the prefix with &quot;ne-&quot;, you must specify &quot;impNegForm=2&quot;.
    local impNegForm     = opts.impNegForm or nil

	-- We add a space to the left of the &quot;postSimpleVerb&quot; because it shouldn't be attached
	-- to the simple verb.
	if (postSimpleVerb ~= '' and postSimpleVerb ~=nil) then
		postSimpleVerb = ' ' .. postSimpleVerb
	end

    -- Access to the classification table and retrieval of verb tense parameters
    local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy') or false

    -- We check that this tense is indeed in table &quot;tenseRules&quot;.
    if (not infoTense) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    -- We check that one of the two parameters of the stem is given
    if (infoTense.stem == 'present' and not presentStem) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;presentStem parameter required&lt;/span&gt;'
    elseif (infoTense.stem == 'past' and not pastStem) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;pasttStem parameter required&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    -- Choice between the present stem or past stem
    local stem = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStem or pastStem

    --────────────────────────────
    -- Conjugation construction --
    -- ───────────────────────────
    local preverb = ''
    local negPrefix = ''
    -- Ruturns the verb type: &quot;simpleVerb&quot; or &quot;preverbVerb&quot; or &quot;compoundVerb&quot;
    local verbStruct = export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)

    if isNegative then
        negPrefix = infoTense.negPrefix{stem=stem, tenseName=tense,
                                        impNegForm=impNegForm,
                                        overrideNa=overrideNa, overrideNe=overrideNe}
        if infoTense.negPreverb then
            preverb = infoTense.negPreverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
                                           overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
        end
    else
        if infoTense.preverb then
            preverb = infoTense.preverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
                                        overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
        end
    end

    infoTense.conj = {}
    local spacing = isCompoundVerb and ' ' or ''
    local endings = infoTense:endings(stem)
    local preverbParticles = getPreverbParticules(infoTense.preverbParticle, infoTense.stem, isTransitive)
    local isErgative = isTransitive and (infoTense.stem == 'past')

    -- Creating the conjugation table for a given tense
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local ending
        local conjSimbleVerb
        local conjVerb

        if isErgative then
            ending = endings.s3
        else
            ending = endings[pers]
        end

        -- Adding space after the preverbal particle
        local preverbParticle = preverbParticles[pers]
        if preverbParticle ~= '' then
            preverbParticle = preverbParticle .. ' '
        end

        conjSimbleVerb = negPrefix  .. preverb .. stem .. ending
        -- Adding prefixe and suffixe
        conjVerb =  preSimpleVerb .. spacing .. conjSimbleVerb .. postSimpleVerb
        -- Spelling correction(îy -&gt; iy)
        conjVerb = mw.ustring.gsub(conjVerb, 'îy', 'iy')
        -- Add a link
        conjVerb = link{term=conjVerb, lang=langKu}
        -- Addition of the preverbal particle
        infoTense.conj[pers] = preverbParticle .. conjVerb
    end

    -- Imperative
    if (infoTense.name == 'impPresent') then
        infoTense.conj.s1 = nil
        infoTense.conj.s2 = infoTense.conj.s3
        infoTense.conj.s3 = nil
        infoTense.conj.p1 = nil
        --infoTense.conj.p2 = infoTense.conj.p2
        infoTense.conj.p3 = nil
    end

    return infoTense
end

-- =============================================================================
--                               END
-- =============================================================================
-- Some useful tools
-- =============================================================================
-- Returns the list of verb tenses
export.tensesList = function()
	local list = {}
    for _, tense in pairs(export.tenseRules) do
        table.insert(list, tense.name)
    end
	return list
end

-- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
-- (for a given conjugate tense in all persons of that tense)
function export.concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjVerbs)
	local concatTab = {}
	for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
		concatTab[pers] = pronoms[pers] .. ' ' .. conjVerbs[pers]
	end

	return concatTab
end
-- =============================================================================
-- ADDITIONAL STEM OF THE PAST AND PRESENT (pastStem2, ... and presentStem2, ...)
-- This function does nothing more than add additional parameters for verb stems
-- in the past and present tenses.
-- Conjugations for the different stems will be separated by &quot;/&quot;
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems)
    local opts = baseOpts or {}
     opts.tense = tense or nil
     
    presentStems = presentStems or {}
	pastStems = pastStems or {}

    
    local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy') or false

    -- We check that this tense is indeed in table &quot;tenseRules&quot;.
    if not infoTense then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    local stems = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStems or pastStems

    -- For each verb stem, its conjugation table is calculated and stored in conjTabs.
    local conjTabs = {}
    for i = 1, #stems do
        if stems[i] then
            if (infoTense.stem == 'past') then opts.pastStem = stems[i] end
            if (infoTense.stem == 'present') then opts.presentStem = stems[i] end

            local conj = export.conjugate(opts).conj
            table.insert(conjTabs, conj)
        end
    end

    -- We concatenate each row of the conjugation tables.
    local concatConjTabs = {}
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local frag = {}
        for i = 1, #conjTabs do
            local val = conjTabs[i][pers]
            if val then table.insert(frag, tostring(val)) end
        end
        concatConjTabs[pers] = table.concat(frag, &quot; / &quot;)
    end

    infoTense.conj = concatConjTabs

    return infoTense
end

-- ====================================================================================
--  VERB CONUGATION IN ALL TENSES WITH PRONOUMS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, negation, concatPrs)
    local opts = baseOpts or {}
    
    if negation == 'negative' then opts.isNegative = true end

    -- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
	local concatPronomsVerbs = export.concatPronomsVerbs

    -- Tenses list
    local tensesList = export.tensesList()

    -- Conjugation in all tenses
    local conjTab = {}
    for _, tense in ipairs(tensesList) do
        local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy')

		-- We create the conjugation table without the pronouns.
        conjTab[tense] = deepCopy(export.conjugateLong(opts, tense, presentStems, pastStems), 'copy')
		
        -- We concatenate the pronouns and the verbs if &quot;concatPrs&quot; is different of &quot;false&quot;
		-- (no pronoun for the imperative mood)
		if (tense ~= 'impPresent' and concatPrs ~= false) then
			local pronoms = deepCopy(export.conjPronouns(infoTense.stem, infoTense.mode, opts.isTransitive))
        	conjTab[tense].conj = concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjTab[tense].conj)
        end
    end

    return conjTab
end

-- ====================================================================================
-- Allows you to obtain a given conjugation from a model.
-- Ex. in the template: {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=s1}}
-- See {{ku-tewîn-lk-niha}}
-- ====================================================================================
function export.tew(frame)
   local args = frame:getParent().args

    local baseOpts = {
        isNegative     = frame.args['neyînî'] or false,
        isTransitive   = args['form'],
        isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = args['pêşgir'] or nil,
        postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil,
        overrideBi     = args['bi'] or nil,
        overrideDi     = args['di'] or nil,
        overrideNa     = args['na'] or nil,
        overrideNe     = args['ne'] or nil,
        impNegForm     = nil
    }
	
	local tense        = frame.args['dem'] or nil
	local pers         = frame.args['kes'] or nil
    local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
    local pastStems    = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}

    -- A few checks
    if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = true
    elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = false
    else
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
    else
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
    end

    if (baseOpts.isNegative == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isNegative = true
    end

	local tabConj = export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems).conj
	
    return tabConj[pers]
end

-- ====================================================================================
-- GET COMMMA SEPARED FORMS
-- Bnr. [[MediaWiki:Gadget-QQ.js]]
-- ====================================================================================
function export.get_comma_separated_forms(frame)
    local opts = {
        presentStem    = frame.args['niha'],
        pastStem       = frame.args['borî'],
        isTransitive   = false,
        isNegative     = false,
        isCompoundVerb = frame['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = frame['pêşgir'] or '',
        postSimpleVerb = frame['paşgir'] or '',
        overrideBi     = frame['bi'] or nil,
        overrideDi     = frame['di'] or nil,
        overrideNa     = frame['na'] or nil,
        overrideNe     = frame['ne'] or nil,
        impNegForm     = nil,
    }

   local function removeTags(tag)
		tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '%[%[(.+)%|(.+)%]%]', '%2')
		tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '&lt;b&gt;(.+)&lt;/b&gt;', '%1')
		tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '&lt;span(.*)&gt;(.*)&lt;/span&gt;', '%2')

		return tag
   end

   local function concateList(tenseList)
        local concatList = {}
        for _, pers in ipairs({&quot;s1&quot;, &quot;s2&quot;, &quot;s3&quot;, &quot;p1&quot;}) do
        	local tense = removeTags(tenseList[pers]) -- Remove tags
            table.insert(concatList, tense)
        end

        return table.concat(concatList, &quot;,&quot;)
   end

   	local tenseList = {'indPresent','indPreterite','indImperfect',
                      'indPluperfect','indPerfect','indNwPluperfect',
                      'indFuture','indFuturePerfect',
                      'subjImperfect','subjPluperfect'
                    }
                    
    local concatAllTense = {}
    
    for  i = 1, #tenseList do
        local tense = tenseList[i]
        if export.tenseRules[tense] then
            opts.tense = tense
            local conj = shallowCopy(export.conjugate(opts).conj)
            local concatTense = concateList(conj)
            table.insert(concatAllTense, concatTense)
        end
    end
    
    return table.concat(concatAllTense, &quot;,&quot;)
end

return export</text>
      <sha1>eowjk4ju9t3ed51pyrnac3qsulxlvc4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237218</id>
      <parentid>6237215</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T19:06:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>6237218</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="39990" sha1="4hrvevp94tz6gaqmfnx0nzvf6jrmdqf" xml:space="preserve">-- Modula tewandina lêkerên kurmancî

local export = {}

-- Load irregular forms table
-- local irreg = require('Module:ku-tewandin/dijrêzik')
local langKu = require(&quot;Modul:languages&quot;).getByCode(&quot;ku&quot;)
local link = require('Module:links').language_link
local shallowCopy = require(&quot;Module:table/shallowCopy&quot;)
local deepCopy = require(&quot;Module:table/deepCopy&quot;)

-- =============================================================================
-- Pronouns in Kurmanji
-- =============================================================================
export.order = {&quot;s1&quot;, &quot;s2&quot;, &quot;s3&quot;, &quot;p1&quot;, &quot;p2&quot;, &quot;p3&quot;}

export.pronouns = {
    s1 = &quot;ez&quot;,    p1 = &quot;em&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;tu&quot;,    p2 = &quot;hûn&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;ew&quot;,    p3 = &quot;ew&quot;
}

export.obliquePronouns = {
    s1 = &quot;min&quot;,      p1 = &quot;me&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;te&quot;,       p2 = &quot;we&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;wê/wî&quot;,    p3 = &quot;wan&quot;
}

export.agents = {
    s1 = &quot;te, wî, wê, we, wan&quot;,            p1 = &quot;te, wî, wê, we, wan&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;min, wî, wê, me, wan&quot;,           p2 = &quot;min, wî, wê, me, wan&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;min, te, wî, wê, me, we, wan&quot;,   p3 = &quot;min, te, wî, wê, me, we, wan&quot;
}

-- Oblique pronoun (green) 
export.obliquePronounsGreen = {
    s1 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;min&lt;/span&gt;',
    s2 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;te&lt;/span&gt;',
    s3 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;wê/wî&lt;/span&gt;',
    p1 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;me&lt;/span&gt;',
    p2 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;we&lt;/span&gt;',
    p3 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;wan&lt;/span&gt;'
}

-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- 1) This function returns correct subject/agent pronoun, ergativity rule:
--   - Transitive verbs in past tenses → oblique pronoun (green) = agent
--   - All other cases                 → direct pronoun (no color) = subject
-- 2) Also add the subjunctive prefix &quot;(bila)&quot;
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
function export.conjPronouns(stemType, mode, isTransitive)
    local pronouns = shallowCopy(export.pronouns)

    -- Ergativity in kurdish: transitive verbs that are conjugated with the past tense stem are
    -- conjugated according to the object, not the subject.
    -- Therefore, to have an ergative construction,
    -- the verb must be transitive and its stem must be the stem of the past tense.
    local isErgative = isTransitive and (stemType == 'past')

    -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: &quot;min&quot;, &quot;te&quot;, ...
    -- If it's not ergative, we use normal pronouns: &quot;ez&quot;, &quot;tu&quot;, ...
    if isErgative then
        pronouns = shallowCopy(export.obliquePronounsGreen)
    end

    -- For the subjunctive mood, we add &quot;(bila)&quot; at the beginning.
    if mode == 'subjunctive' then
    	local subjPrefix = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(bila)&lt;/span&gt;'
        for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
            pronouns[pers] = subjPrefix .. ' ' .. pronouns[pers]
        end
    end
    return pronouns
end

-- =============================================================================
-- VERBAL STRUCTURE IN THE INFINITIVE:
-- Verbs in the infinitive appear in three main forms:
--  1) Simple verb (indivisible light verb):
--       - ex.:  &quot;kirin&quot;, &quot;çûn&quot;, &quot;xwarin&quot;, ...
--  2) Verbs with preverbs (preverb + simple verb):
--       - ex.: &quot;rakirin&quot; (ra- + kirin), &quot;çêkirin&quot; (çê- + kirin), &quot;vexwarin&quot; (ve- + xwarin), ...
--       - Preverb verbs don't use the prefix &quot;bi-&quot; (ez ê rakim , ew ê rake , ...)
--  3) Compound verbs, construction with non-verbal element (the noun is not attached to the verb):
--       - Left of the simple verb: &quot;hez kirin&quot; (&quot;hez&quot; + &quot;kirin&quot;), &quot;li dar xistin&quot; (&quot;li dar&quot; + &quot;xistin&quot;), ...
--       - Right of the simple verb: &quot;kirin der&quot; (&quot;kirin&quot; + &quot;der&quot;), &quot;girtin ser xwe&quot; (&quot;girtin&quot; + &quot;ser xwe&quot;), ...
--       - Compound verbs use the prefix &quot;bi-&quot; (ez ê hez bi-kim , ew ê hez bi-ke )

-- STRUCTURE:  preSimpleVerb + spacing + simpleVerb + postSimpleVerb
-- EX.     kirin: preSimpleVerb='';    spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--       rakirin: preSimpleVerb='ra';  spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--     hez kirin: preSimpleVerb='hez'; spacing=true;  simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--       pev çûn: preSimpleVerb='pev'; spacing=true;  simpleVerb='çûn';   postSimpleVerb=''
--     kirin der: preSimpleVerb='';    spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='der'

-- WARNING: Conjugation can vary depending on the type of verb.
-- For example, in the future tense,the prefix &quot;bi&quot; is used for compound verbs,
-- but not for preverbal verbs, see the function that manages it  &quot;tenseRules&quot; table.
-- This table does not yet support the mixed case: a verb composed of a noun and a preverb verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
    local struct

    if (preSimpleVerb and preSimpleVerb ~= '' and not isCompoundVerb) then
        struct = 'preverbVerb'
    elseif isCompoundVerb then
        struct = 'compoundVerb'
    else
        struct = 'simpleVerb'
    end

    return struct
end

-- ================================================================
-- INFLECTIONAL ENDINGS
-- Assigns verb inflectional endings (suffixes) to all tenses
-- ================================================================
local getEndings = {}

do
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ending using present stem
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['present'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        else
            ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='e', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ind. preterite + ind. imperfect ending
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['past'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
		local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiouû]$') then
            ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then
           -- if self.name == 'indImperfect' then
           --     -- special indicative ind. imperfect rule
           --     ends = {s1='yam', s2='yayî', s3='ya', p1='yan', p2='yan', p3='yan'}
           -- end
            ends = {s1='m', s2='', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        else
            ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Compound endings with auxiliary &quot;bûn&quot;
    -- Inflectional endings are created by taking the different forms of the
    -- verb &quot;bûn&quot; (with present stem &quot;-b-&quot; and past stem &quot;-bû-&quot;) and
    -- adding an &quot;i-&quot; prefix before them: &quot;i-b-im&quot;, &quot;i-bû-m&quot;, &quot;i-bû-me&quot;, &quot;i-bû-ma&quot;.
    -- This &quot;i-&quot; varies according to the final letter of the verb stem.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    local function normalize_i(stem)
        local prfx_i = &quot;i&quot;
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, &quot;ya$&quot;) or
           mw.ustring.match(stem, &quot;[îû]$&quot;) then -- cf. karîn (-karî-)
           	prfx_i = &quot;&quot;
        elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiou]$') then
            prfx_i = &quot;yi&quot;
        end
        return prfx_i
    end

    getEndings['ibim'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bim&quot;,   p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;be&quot;,    p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûm'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûm&quot;,     p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bû&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûme'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûme&quot;,      p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyiye&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûye&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûma'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûma&quot;,      p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyayî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûya&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;
        }
    end
    
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ind. perfect ending.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['ime'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends

        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;me&quot;, s2=&quot;yî&quot;, s3=&quot;ye&quot;, p1=&quot;ne&quot;, p2=&quot;ne&quot;, p3=&quot;ne&quot;}
        else
            ends = {s1=&quot;ime&quot;, s2=&quot;iyî&quot;, s3=&quot;iye&quot;, p1=&quot;ine&quot;, p2=&quot;ine&quot;, p3=&quot;ine&quot;}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Subj. Imperfect ending.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['ama'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends

        -- The doublet in &quot;-iyan&quot; of verbs in -&quot;în&quot; (gerîn/-geriya-, kenîn/-keniya-, ...),
        -- in the conditional and subjunctive moods, a doublet &quot;yaya&quot; appears; it's removed.
        -- -yayayî → -yayî; -yaya → -ya
		if mw.ustring.match(stem, '(ya)$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;ma&quot;, s2=&quot;yî&quot;, s3=&quot;&quot;, p1=&quot;na&quot;, p2=&quot;na&quot;, p3=&quot;na&quot;}
		elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;ma&quot;, s2=&quot;yayî&quot;, s3=&quot;ya&quot;, p1=&quot;na&quot;, p2=&quot;na&quot;, p3=&quot;na&quot;}
        else
            ends = {s1=&quot;ama&quot;, s2=&quot;ayî&quot;, s3=&quot;a&quot;, p1=&quot;ana&quot;, p2=&quot;ana&quot;, p3=&quot;ana&quot;}
        end
        return ends
    end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR PREVERBS: &quot;bi-&quot; and &quot;di-&quot;
-- There are two preverbs: &quot;bi-&quot; and &quot;di-&quot;. These preverbs can change form
-- depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getPreverb = {}

do
	getPreverb['bi'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local verbStruct = opts.verbStruct
	    local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi
	
	    -- Preverb verbs don't use the preverb &quot;bi-&quot;: ra-kirin (ez ê rakim), ve-xwarin (ez ê vexwim) , ...
	    -- But compound verb and simple verbs use it: hez kirin (ez ê hez bi-kim), lê bigirin (ez ê lê bi-girim), ...
	    if (verbStruct == 'preverbVerb') then
	        return ''
	    end
	
	    if overrideBi then return overrideBi end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] end
	
	    -- Modification of the preverbe &quot;bi-&quot; according to the last letter of the stem.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[aeêiîouû]') then
	        return 'b'
	    end
	
	    return 'bi'
	end
	
	getPreverb['di'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi
	
	    if overrideDi then return overrideDi end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] end
	
	    -- Modification of the preverbe &quot;di-&quot; according to the last letter of the stem.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[ai]') then
	        return 'd'
	    end
	    -- Ex. hatin : stem = -ê- // ez têm
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[êî]') then
	        return 't'
	    end
	
	    return 'di'
	end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR NEGATION PREFIXES: &quot;na-&quot; and &quot;ne-&quot;
-- There are two negation prefixes: &quot;na-&quot; and &quot;ne-&quot;. These preverbs can change
-- form depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getNegPrefix = {}

do
	getNegPrefix['na'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa
	
	    if overrideNa then return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNa .. '&lt;/b&gt;' end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] end
	
	    -- Add sufix &quot;-y&quot; before certain vowels.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;nay&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	    -- Elision before stems beginning with &quot;a-&quot; (removal of the final &quot;-e&quot;).
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;n&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    -- Tîpa duyem &quot;-a-&quot; ye (k-a-rîn, z-a-nîn, ...)
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^%wa') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;ni&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    return '&lt;b&gt;na&lt;/b&gt;'
	end

	getNegPrefix['ne'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local tenseName = opts.tenseName
	    local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm
	    local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe
	
	    if overrideNe then return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;' end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] end
	
	    local negPrefix = 'ne'
	    -- There are two forms of construction of the imperative,
	    -- one with the prefix &quot;me-&quot; and the other with the prefix &quot;ne-&quot;.
	    if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then
	        negPrefix = (impNegForm == 2) and 'ne' or 'me'
	    end
	
	    -- Add sufix &quot;-y&quot; before certain vowels.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. 'y&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    -- Elision before stems beginning with &quot;a-&quot; (removal of the final &quot;-e&quot;).
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
	        negPrefix = mw.ustring.sub(negPrefix, 1, -2)
	        return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- Standardization of the PREVERBAL PARTICLE
-- The proverbial particle &quot;ê&quot; is placed after the personal pronoun.
-- =============================================================================
-- If there are no verbal preparticles, return empty table.
local function getPreverbParticules(preverbParticle, typeStem, isTransitive)
    if not preverbParticle then
        return {s1='', s2='', s3='', p1='', p2='', p3=''}
    end

    if preverbParticle == 'ê' then
        local isErgative = isTransitive and (typeStem == 'past')

        -- When the personal pronoun ends in a vowel, a &quot;y-&quot; is added before &quot;ê&quot;.
        -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: &quot;min&quot;, &quot;te&quot;, ...
        if isErgative then
            return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='yê/dê', p1='yê/dê', p2='yê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
        else
            return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='ê/dê', p1='ê/dê', p2='ê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
        end
    end

    -- If the verbal preparticle is identical for all pronouns,
    -- we create a table with the same value.
    local preverbParticles = {}
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        preverbParticles[pers] = preverbParticle
    end

    return preverbParticles
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING EACH VERB TENSE
-- This table lists, for each verb tense, what elements are required to form it:
--   - Verb conjugation is built by placing either the preverb &quot;bi-&quot; or &quot;di-&quot; before
--     the verb stem (past or present), followed by a personal ending.
--   - For the negative form, one of the prefixes &quot;na-&quot; or &quot;ne-&quot; is added as well.
--   - In some cases, a preverbal particle such as /ê/ or /dê/ is added before
--     the conjugated verb as well.
-- Not: - The &quot;negPreverb&quot; (preverb (bi-/di-) for negative tenses) parameter has a
--         value different from &quot;nil&quot; only for the Imperfect tense (&quot;negPreverb=di&quot;).
--      - The parameter &quot;negPrefix=na&quot; is used only for the present indicative.
--
-- Preverb &quot;di&quot;, used in: &quot;indPresent&quot;(present stem), &quot;indImperfect&quot;(past stem)
--                        - Bo neyînî: pêşgira &quot;di-&quot; tenê di nav dema &quot;IndImperfect&quot; de tê bikaranîn.
-- Preverb &quot;bi&quot;, used in: &quot;indFuture&quot;(present stem), &quot;subPresent&quot;(present stem),
--                         &quot;subImperfect&quot;(past stem) = &quot;condPresent&quot;(past stem)
--                        - The prefix &quot;bi-&quot; isn't used in negative forms.
--
-- Present stem, used in: &quot;indPresent&quot;(di)(na),
--                        &quot;indFuture&quot;(bi)(ne) = &quot;subPresent&quot;(bi)(ne)
--
-- Past stem, used in: &quot;indPreterite&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indImperfect&quot;(di)(ne), &quot;indPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;indPerfect&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indNwPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indFuturePerfect&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;subPreterite&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;subImperfect&quot;(bi)(ne) = &quot;condPresent&quot;(bi)(ne),
--                     &quot;subPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne) = &quot;condPreterite&quot;(-)(ne)
-- =============================================================================
-- Some conjugations are identical except that they differ only in the preverbal particle (/ê/, /dê/).
-- So, to avoid repeating the same information (and thus risking errors),
-- we establish the common part shared between these verbs.
local sharedTenseRules = {
    indFuture = {
        stem         = &quot;present&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['bi'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['present']
    },

    indFuturePerfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibim']
    },

    subImperfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['bi'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ama']
    },

    subPluperfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûma']
    }
}

local mt = {
    __index = function(t, k)
        local commonRules = t._commonRules
        if commonRules then return commonRules[k] end
    end
}

-- TENSES CONJUGATION RULES
export.tenseRules = {
    -- IMPERATIVE MOOD
    impPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;impPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raweya fermanî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present imperative&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;imperative&quot;,
        _commonRules = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    -- INDICATIVE MOOD
    indPresent = {
        name         = &quot;indPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema niha&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;present&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['di'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['na'],
        endings      = getEndings['present'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indPreterite = {
        name         = &quot;indPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya sade&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;simple past&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['past'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indImperfect = {
        name         = &quot;indImperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya berdest&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;Imperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['di'],
        negPreverb   = getPreverb['di'],
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['past'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indPluperfect    = {
        name         = &quot;indPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûr&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;pluperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûm'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indFuture = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;indFuture&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema bê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;future&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    indFuturePerfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;indFuturePerfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dahatiya pêş&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;future perfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuturePerfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    -- In some books, the &quot;perfect&quot; and &quot;nonconfirmative pluperfect&quot; tenses
    -- are classified in the &quot;inferential mood&quot; (&quot;moda neşahidî&quot;).
    -- Currently we classify them using the indicative mood (at the end).
    indPerfect = {
        name         = &quot;indPerfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûdar&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;perfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ime'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indNwPluperfect = {
        name         = &quot;indNwPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;çîrokiya boriya dûdar&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;non-witnessed pluperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûme'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    -- SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
    subjPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema nihaya xwestekî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    subjPreterite = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema boriya xwestekî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;preterite subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuturePerfect,
        preverbParticle = nil,
    }, mt),

    subjImperfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjImperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya bilaniyê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;imperfect subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subImperfect,
        preverbParticle = nil,
    }, mt),

    subjPluperfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûr a bilaniyê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;pluperfect subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subPluperfect,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    -- CONDITIONAL MOOD
    condPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;condPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;çîrokiya dema nihaya mercî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present conditional&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;conditional&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subImperfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    condPreterite = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;condPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema boriya mercî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;preterite conditional&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;conditional&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subPluperfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

}

-- =============================================================================
-- MAIN CONJUGATION FUNCTOIN
-- This function returns an array containing the conjugation table for a given
-- tense as well as other information about the conjugated verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugate(opts)
    opts = opts or {}
    -- Required parameters
    local tense          = opts.tense or error(&quot;'tense' required&quot;, 2)
    --One of the two parameters is required:
    --  - If the tense uses the present stem, indicate &quot;presentStem&quot;.
    --  - If it uses the past stem, indicate &quot;pastStem&quot;.
    local presentStem    = opts.presentStem
    local pastStem       = opts.pastStem
    -- Optional parameters
    local isTransitive   = opts.isTransitive or false   -- Indicate if the verb is transitive (true/false)
    local isNegative     = opts.isNegative or false     -- Indicate if it's the negative form (true/false)
    local isCompoundVerb = opts.isCompoundVerb or false -- Indicate if it's a compound verb (true/false)
    local preSimpleVerb  = opts.preSimpleVerb or ''     -- The part before the simple verb
    local postSimpleVerb = opts.postSimpleVerb or ''    -- The part after the simple verb
    -- These parameters are provided when the verb is irregular.
    -- Allows you to manually modify preverbs (&quot;bi-&quot;&quot; or &quot;di-&quot;)
    -- and negation prefixes (&quot;na-&quot; or &quot;ne-&quot;)
    local overrideBi     = opts.overrideBi or nil
    local overrideDi     = opts.overrideDi or nil
    local overrideNa     = opts.overrideNa or nil
    local overrideNe     = opts.overrideNe or nil
    -- By default, the negation of the imperative is constructed from the prefix &quot;me-&quot;&quot;.
    -- To obtain the second variant, the prefix with &quot;ne-&quot;, you must specify &quot;impNegForm=2&quot;.
    local impNegForm     = opts.impNegForm or nil

	-- We add a space to the left of the &quot;postSimpleVerb&quot; because it shouldn't be attached
	-- to the simple verb.
	if (postSimpleVerb ~= '' and postSimpleVerb ~=nil) then
		postSimpleVerb = ' ' .. postSimpleVerb
	end

    -- Access to the classification table and retrieval of verb tense parameters
    local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy') or false

    -- We check that this tense is indeed in table &quot;tenseRules&quot;.
    if (not infoTense) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    -- We check that one of the two parameters of the stem is given
    if (infoTense.stem == 'present' and not presentStem) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;presentStem parameter required&lt;/span&gt;'
    elseif (infoTense.stem == 'past' and not pastStem) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;pasttStem parameter required&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    -- Choice between the present stem or past stem
    local stem = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStem or pastStem

    --────────────────────────────
    -- Conjugation construction --
    -- ───────────────────────────
    local preverb = ''
    local negPrefix = ''
    -- Ruturns the verb type: &quot;simpleVerb&quot; or &quot;preverbVerb&quot; or &quot;compoundVerb&quot;
    local verbStruct = export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)

    if isNegative then
        negPrefix = infoTense.negPrefix{stem=stem, tenseName=tense,
                                        impNegForm=impNegForm,
                                        overrideNa=overrideNa, overrideNe=overrideNe}
        if infoTense.negPreverb then
            preverb = infoTense.negPreverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
                                           overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
        end
    else
        if infoTense.preverb then
            preverb = infoTense.preverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
                                        overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
        end
    end

    infoTense.conj = {}
    local spacing = isCompoundVerb and ' ' or ''
    local endings = infoTense:endings(stem)
    local preverbParticles = getPreverbParticules(infoTense.preverbParticle, infoTense.stem, isTransitive)
    local isErgative = isTransitive and (infoTense.stem == 'past')

    -- Creating the conjugation table for a given tense
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local ending
        local conjSimbleVerb
        local conjVerb

        if isErgative then
            ending = endings.s3
        else
            ending = endings[pers]
        end

        -- Adding space after the preverbal particle
        local preverbParticle = preverbParticles[pers]
        if preverbParticle ~= '' then
            preverbParticle = preverbParticle .. ' '
        end

        conjSimbleVerb = negPrefix  .. preverb .. stem .. ending
        -- Adding prefixe and suffixe
        conjVerb =  preSimpleVerb .. spacing .. conjSimbleVerb .. postSimpleVerb
        -- Spelling correction(îy -&gt; iy)
        conjVerb = mw.ustring.gsub(conjVerb, 'îy', 'iy')
        -- Add a link
        conjVerb = link{term=conjVerb, lang=langKu}
        -- Addition of the preverbal particle
        infoTense.conj[pers] = preverbParticle .. conjVerb
    end

    -- Imperative
    if (infoTense.name == 'impPresent') then
        infoTense.conj.s1 = nil
        infoTense.conj.s2 = infoTense.conj.s3
        infoTense.conj.s3 = nil
        infoTense.conj.p1 = nil
        -- infoTense.conj.p2 = infoTense.conj.p2
        infoTense.conj.p3 = nil
    end

    return infoTense
end

-- =============================================================================
--                               END
-- =============================================================================
-- Some useful tools
-- =============================================================================
-- Returns the list of verb tenses
export.tensesList = function()
	local list = {}
    for _, tense in pairs(export.tenseRules) do
        table.insert(list, tense.name)
    end
	return list
end

-- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
-- (for a given conjugate tense in all persons of that tense)
function export.concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjVerbs)
	local concatTab = {}
	for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
		concatTab[pers] = pronoms[pers] .. ' ' .. conjVerbs[pers]
	end

	return concatTab
end
-- =============================================================================
-- ADDITIONAL STEM OF THE PAST AND PRESENT (pastStem2, ... and presentStem2, ...)
-- This function does nothing more than add additional parameters for verb stems
-- in the past and present tenses.
-- Conjugations for the different stems will be separated by &quot;/&quot;
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems)
    local opts = baseOpts or {}
     opts.tense = tense or nil
     
    presentStems = presentStems or {}
	pastStems = pastStems or {}

    
    local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy') or false

    -- We check that this tense is indeed in table &quot;tenseRules&quot;.
    if not infoTense then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    local stems = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStems or pastStems

    -- For each verb stem, its conjugation table is calculated and stored in conjTabs.
    local conjTabs = {}
    for i = 1, #stems do
        if stems[i] then
            if (infoTense.stem == 'past') then opts.pastStem = stems[i] end
            if (infoTense.stem == 'present') then opts.presentStem = stems[i] end

            local conj = export.conjugate(opts).conj
            table.insert(conjTabs, conj)
        end
    end

    -- We concatenate each row of the conjugation tables.
    local concatConjTabs = {}
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local frag = {}
        for i = 1, #conjTabs do
            local val = conjTabs[i][pers]
            if val then table.insert(frag, tostring(val)) end
        end
        concatConjTabs[pers] = table.concat(frag, &quot; / &quot;)
    end

    infoTense.conj = concatConjTabs

    return infoTense
end

-- ====================================================================================
--  VERB CONUGATION IN ALL TENSES WITH PRONOUMS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, negation, concatPrs)
	-- &quot;concatPrs=false&quot; table without pronouns
	
    local opts = baseOpts or {}
    
    if negation == 'negative' then opts.isNegative = true end

    -- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
	local concatPronomsVerbs = export.concatPronomsVerbs

    -- Tenses list
    local tensesList = export.tensesList()

    -- Conjugation in all tenses
    local conjTab = {}
    for _, tense in ipairs(tensesList) do
        local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy')

		-- We create the conjugation table without the pronouns.
        conjTab[tense] = deepCopy(export.conjugateLong(opts, tense, presentStems, pastStems), 'copy')
		
        -- We concatenate the pronouns and the verbs if &quot;concatPrs&quot; is different of &quot;false&quot;
		-- No pronouns for the imperative mood
		if (tense ~= 'impPresent' and concatPrs ~= false) then
			local pronoms = deepCopy(export.conjPronouns(infoTense.stem, infoTense.mode, opts.isTransitive))
        	conjTab[tense].conj = concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjTab[tense].conj)
        end
    end

    return conjTab
end

-- ====================================================================================
-- Allows you to obtain a given conjugation from a model.
-- Ex. in the template: {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=s1}}
-- See {{ku-tewîn-lk-niha}}
-- ====================================================================================
function export.tew(frame)
   local args = frame:getParent().args

    local baseOpts = {
        isNegative     = frame.args['neyînî'] or false,
        isTransitive   = args['form'],
        isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = args['pêşgir'] or nil,
        postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil,
        overrideBi     = args['bi'] or nil,
        overrideDi     = args['di'] or nil,
        overrideNa     = args['na'] or nil,
        overrideNe     = args['ne'] or nil,
        impNegForm     = nil
    }
	
	local tense        = frame.args['dem'] or nil
	local pers         = frame.args['kes'] or nil
    local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
    local pastStems    = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}

    -- A few checks
    if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = true
    elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = false
    else
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
    else
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
    end

    if (baseOpts.isNegative == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isNegative = true
    end

	local tabConj = export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems).conj
	
    return tabConj[pers]
end

-- ====================================================================================
-- GET COMMMA SEPARED FORMS
-- Bnr. [[MediaWiki:Gadget-QQ.js]]
-- ====================================================================================
function export.get_comma_separated_forms(frame)
    local opts = {
        presentStem    = frame.args['niha'],
        pastStem       = frame.args['borî'],
        isTransitive   = false,
        isNegative     = false,
        isCompoundVerb = frame['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = frame['pêşgir'] or '',
        postSimpleVerb = frame['paşgir'] or '',
        overrideBi     = frame['bi'] or nil,
        overrideDi     = frame['di'] or nil,
        overrideNa     = frame['na'] or nil,
        overrideNe     = frame['ne'] or nil,
        impNegForm     = nil,
    }

   local function removeTags(tag)
		tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '%[%[(.+)%|(.+)%]%]', '%2')
		tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '&lt;b&gt;(.+)&lt;/b&gt;', '%1')
		tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '&lt;span(.*)&gt;(.*)&lt;/span&gt;', '%2')

		return tag
   end

   local function concateList(tenseList)
        local concatList = {}
        for _, pers in ipairs({&quot;s1&quot;, &quot;s2&quot;, &quot;s3&quot;, &quot;p1&quot;}) do
        	local tense = removeTags(tenseList[pers]) -- Remove tags
            table.insert(concatList, tense)
        end

        return table.concat(concatList, &quot;,&quot;)
   end

   	local tenseList = {'indPresent','indPreterite','indImperfect',
                      'indPluperfect','indPerfect','indNwPluperfect',
                      'indFuture','indFuturePerfect',
                      'subjImperfect','subjPluperfect'
                    }
                    
    local concatAllTense = {}
    
    for  i = 1, #tenseList do
        local tense = tenseList[i]
        if export.tenseRules[tense] then
            opts.tense = tense
            local conj = shallowCopy(export.conjugate(opts).conj)
            local concatTense = concateList(conj)
            table.insert(concatAllTense, concatTense)
        end
    end
    
    return table.concat(concatAllTense, &quot;,&quot;)
end

return export</text>
      <sha1>4hrvevp94tz6gaqmfnx0nzvf6jrmdqf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237219</id>
      <parentid>6237218</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T19:10:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>6237219</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="39998" sha1="14vahi186432e36rszkfgtfrybkmil8" xml:space="preserve">-- Modula tewandina lêkerên kurmancî

local export = {}

-- Load irregular forms table
-- local irreg = require('Module:ku-tewandin/dijrêzik')
local langKu = require(&quot;Modul:languages&quot;).getByCode(&quot;ku&quot;)
local link = require('Module:links').language_link
local shallowCopy = require(&quot;Module:table/shallowCopy&quot;)
local deepCopy = require(&quot;Module:table/deepCopy&quot;)

-- =============================================================================
-- Pronouns in Kurmanji
-- =============================================================================
export.order = {&quot;s1&quot;, &quot;s2&quot;, &quot;s3&quot;, &quot;p1&quot;, &quot;p2&quot;, &quot;p3&quot;}

export.pronouns = {
    s1 = &quot;ez&quot;,    p1 = &quot;em&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;tu&quot;,    p2 = &quot;hûn&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;ew&quot;,    p3 = &quot;ew&quot;
}

export.obliquePronouns = {
    s1 = &quot;min&quot;,      p1 = &quot;me&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;te&quot;,       p2 = &quot;we&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;wê/wî&quot;,    p3 = &quot;wan&quot;
}

export.agents = {
    s1 = &quot;te, wî, wê, we, wan&quot;,            p1 = &quot;te, wî, wê, we, wan&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;min, wî, wê, me, wan&quot;,           p2 = &quot;min, wî, wê, me, wan&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;min, te, wî, wê, me, we, wan&quot;,   p3 = &quot;min, te, wî, wê, me, we, wan&quot;
}

-- Oblique pronoun (green) 
export.obliquePronounsGreen = {
    s1 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;min&lt;/span&gt;',
    s2 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;te&lt;/span&gt;',
    s3 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;wê/wî&lt;/span&gt;',
    p1 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;me&lt;/span&gt;',
    p2 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;we&lt;/span&gt;',
    p3 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;wan&lt;/span&gt;'
}

-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- 1) This function returns correct subject/agent pronoun, ergativity rule:
--   - Transitive verbs in past tenses → oblique pronoun (green) = agent
--   - All other cases                 → direct pronoun (no color) = subject
-- 2) Also add the subjunctive prefix &quot;(bila)&quot;
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
function export.conjPronouns(stemType, mode, isTransitive)
    local pronouns = shallowCopy(export.pronouns)

    -- Ergativity in kurdish: transitive verbs that are conjugated with the past tense stem are
    -- conjugated according to the object, not the subject.
    -- Therefore, to have an ergative construction,
    -- the verb must be transitive and its stem must be the stem of the past tense.
    local isErgative = isTransitive and (stemType == 'past')

    -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: &quot;min&quot;, &quot;te&quot;, ...
    -- If it's not ergative, we use normal pronouns: &quot;ez&quot;, &quot;tu&quot;, ...
    if isErgative then
        pronouns = shallowCopy(export.obliquePronounsGreen)
    end

    -- For the subjunctive mood, we add &quot;(bila)&quot; at the beginning.
    if mode == 'subjunctive' then
    	local subjPrefix = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(bila)&lt;/span&gt;'
        for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
            pronouns[pers] = subjPrefix .. ' ' .. pronouns[pers]
        end
    end
    return pronouns
end

-- =============================================================================
-- VERBAL STRUCTURE IN THE INFINITIVE:
-- Verbs in the infinitive appear in three main forms:
--  1) Simple verb (indivisible light verb):
--       - ex.:  &quot;kirin&quot;, &quot;çûn&quot;, &quot;xwarin&quot;, ...
--  2) Verbs with preverbs (preverb + simple verb):
--       - ex.: &quot;rakirin&quot; (ra- + kirin), &quot;çêkirin&quot; (çê- + kirin), &quot;vexwarin&quot; (ve- + xwarin), ...
--       - Preverb verbs don't use the prefix &quot;bi-&quot; (ez ê rakim , ew ê rake , ...)
--  3) Compound verbs, construction with non-verbal element (the noun is not attached to the verb):
--       - Left of the simple verb: &quot;hez kirin&quot; (&quot;hez&quot; + &quot;kirin&quot;), &quot;li dar xistin&quot; (&quot;li dar&quot; + &quot;xistin&quot;), ...
--       - Right of the simple verb: &quot;kirin der&quot; (&quot;kirin&quot; + &quot;der&quot;), &quot;girtin ser xwe&quot; (&quot;girtin&quot; + &quot;ser xwe&quot;), ...
--       - Compound verbs use the prefix &quot;bi-&quot; (ez ê hez bi-kim , ew ê hez bi-ke )

-- STRUCTURE:  preSimpleVerb + spacing + simpleVerb + postSimpleVerb
-- EX.     kirin: preSimpleVerb='';    spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--       rakirin: preSimpleVerb='ra';  spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--     hez kirin: preSimpleVerb='hez'; spacing=true;  simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--       pev çûn: preSimpleVerb='pev'; spacing=true;  simpleVerb='çûn';   postSimpleVerb=''
--     kirin der: preSimpleVerb='';    spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='der'

-- WARNING: Conjugation can vary depending on the type of verb.
-- For example, in the future tense,the prefix &quot;bi&quot; is used for compound verbs,
-- but not for preverbal verbs, see the function that manages it  &quot;tenseRules&quot; table.
-- This table does not yet support the mixed case: a verb composed of a noun and a preverb verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
    local struct

    if (preSimpleVerb and preSimpleVerb ~= '' and not isCompoundVerb) then
        struct = 'preverbVerb'
    elseif isCompoundVerb then
        struct = 'compoundVerb'
    else
        struct = 'simpleVerb'
    end

    return struct
end

-- ================================================================
-- INFLECTIONAL ENDINGS
-- Assigns verb inflectional endings (suffixes) to all tenses
-- ================================================================
local getEndings = {}

do
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ending using present stem
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['present'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        else
            ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='e', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ind. preterite + ind. imperfect ending
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['past'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
		local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiouû]$') then
            ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then
           -- if self.name == 'indImperfect' then
           --     -- special indicative ind. imperfect rule
           --     ends = {s1='yam', s2='yayî', s3='ya', p1='yan', p2='yan', p3='yan'}
           -- end
            ends = {s1='m', s2='', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        else
            ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Compound endings with auxiliary &quot;bûn&quot;
    -- Inflectional endings are created by taking the different forms of the
    -- verb &quot;bûn&quot; (with present stem &quot;-b-&quot; and past stem &quot;-bû-&quot;) and
    -- adding an &quot;i-&quot; prefix before them: &quot;i-b-im&quot;, &quot;i-bû-m&quot;, &quot;i-bû-me&quot;, &quot;i-bû-ma&quot;.
    -- This &quot;i-&quot; varies according to the final letter of the verb stem.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    local function normalize_i(stem)
        local prfx_i = &quot;i&quot;
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, &quot;ya$&quot;) or
           mw.ustring.match(stem, &quot;[îû]$&quot;) then -- cf. karîn (-karî-)
           	prfx_i = &quot;&quot;
        elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiou]$') then
            prfx_i = &quot;yi&quot;
        end
        return prfx_i
    end

    getEndings['ibim'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bim&quot;,   p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;be&quot;,    p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûm'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûm&quot;,     p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bû&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûme'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûme&quot;,      p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyiye&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûye&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûma'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûma&quot;,      p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyayî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûya&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;
        }
    end
    
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ind. perfect ending.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['ime'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends

        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;me&quot;, s2=&quot;yî&quot;, s3=&quot;ye&quot;, p1=&quot;ne&quot;, p2=&quot;ne&quot;, p3=&quot;ne&quot;}
        else
            ends = {s1=&quot;ime&quot;, s2=&quot;iyî&quot;, s3=&quot;iye&quot;, p1=&quot;ine&quot;, p2=&quot;ine&quot;, p3=&quot;ine&quot;}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Subj. Imperfect ending.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['ama'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends

        -- The doublet in &quot;-iyan&quot; of verbs in -&quot;în&quot; (gerîn/-geriya-, kenîn/-keniya-, ...),
        -- in the conditional and subjunctive moods, a doublet &quot;yaya&quot; appears; it's removed.
        -- -yayayî → -yayî; -yaya → -ya
		if mw.ustring.match(stem, '(ya)$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;ma&quot;, s2=&quot;yî&quot;, s3=&quot;&quot;, p1=&quot;na&quot;, p2=&quot;na&quot;, p3=&quot;na&quot;}
		elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;ma&quot;, s2=&quot;yayî&quot;, s3=&quot;ya&quot;, p1=&quot;na&quot;, p2=&quot;na&quot;, p3=&quot;na&quot;}
        else
            ends = {s1=&quot;ama&quot;, s2=&quot;ayî&quot;, s3=&quot;a&quot;, p1=&quot;ana&quot;, p2=&quot;ana&quot;, p3=&quot;ana&quot;}
        end
        return ends
    end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR PREVERBS: &quot;bi-&quot; and &quot;di-&quot;
-- There are two preverbs: &quot;bi-&quot; and &quot;di-&quot;. These preverbs can change form
-- depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getPreverb = {}

do
	getPreverb['bi'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local verbStruct = opts.verbStruct
	    local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi
	
	    -- Preverb verbs don't use the preverb &quot;bi-&quot;: ra-kirin (ez ê rakim), ve-xwarin (ez ê vexwim) , ...
	    -- But compound verb and simple verbs use it: hez kirin (ez ê hez bi-kim), lê bigirin (ez ê lê bi-girim), ...
	    if (verbStruct == 'preverbVerb') then
	        return ''
	    end
	
	    if overrideBi then return overrideBi end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] end
	
	    -- Modification of the preverbe &quot;bi-&quot; according to the last letter of the stem.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[aeêiîouû]') then
	        return 'b'
	    end
	
	    return 'bi'
	end
	
	getPreverb['di'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi
	
	    if overrideDi then return overrideDi end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] end
	
	    -- Modification of the preverbe &quot;di-&quot; according to the last letter of the stem.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[ai]') then
	        return 'd'
	    end
	    -- Ex. hatin : stem = -ê- // ez têm
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[êî]') then
	        return 't'
	    end
	
	    return 'di'
	end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR NEGATION PREFIXES: &quot;na-&quot; and &quot;ne-&quot;
-- There are two negation prefixes: &quot;na-&quot; and &quot;ne-&quot;. These preverbs can change
-- form depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getNegPrefix = {}

do
	getNegPrefix['na'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa
	
	    if overrideNa then return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNa .. '&lt;/b&gt;' end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] end
	
	    -- Add sufix &quot;-y&quot; before certain vowels.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;nay&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	    -- Elision before stems beginning with &quot;a-&quot; (removal of the final &quot;-e&quot;).
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;n&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    -- Tîpa duyem &quot;-a-&quot; ye (k-a-rîn, z-a-nîn, ...)
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^%wa') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;ni&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    return '&lt;b&gt;na&lt;/b&gt;'
	end

	getNegPrefix['ne'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local tenseName = opts.tenseName
	    local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm
	    local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe
	
	    if overrideNe then return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;' end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] end
	
	    local negPrefix = 'ne'
	    -- There are two forms of construction of the imperative,
	    -- one with the prefix &quot;me-&quot; and the other with the prefix &quot;ne-&quot;.
	    if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then
	        negPrefix = (impNegForm == 2) and 'ne' or 'me'
	    end
	
	    -- Add sufix &quot;-y&quot; before certain vowels.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. 'y&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    -- Elision before stems beginning with &quot;a-&quot; (removal of the final &quot;-e&quot;).
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
	        negPrefix = mw.ustring.sub(negPrefix, 1, -2)
	        return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- Standardization of the PREVERBAL PARTICLE
-- The proverbial particle &quot;ê&quot; is placed after the personal pronoun.
-- =============================================================================
-- If there are no verbal preparticles, return empty table.
function export.getPreverbParticules(preverbParticle, typeStem, isTransitive)
    if not preverbParticle then
        return {s1='', s2='', s3='', p1='', p2='', p3=''}
    end

    if preverbParticle == 'ê' then
        local isErgative = isTransitive and (typeStem == 'past')

        -- When the personal pronoun ends in a vowel, a &quot;y-&quot; is added before &quot;ê&quot;.
        -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: &quot;min&quot;, &quot;te&quot;, ...
        if isErgative then
            return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='yê/dê', p1='yê/dê', p2='yê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
        else
            return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='ê/dê', p1='ê/dê', p2='ê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
        end
    end

    -- If the verbal preparticle is identical for all pronouns,
    -- we create a table with the same value.
    local preverbParticles = {}
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        preverbParticles[pers] = preverbParticle
    end

    return preverbParticles
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING EACH VERB TENSE
-- This table lists, for each verb tense, what elements are required to form it:
--   - Verb conjugation is built by placing either the preverb &quot;bi-&quot; or &quot;di-&quot; before
--     the verb stem (past or present), followed by a personal ending.
--   - For the negative form, one of the prefixes &quot;na-&quot; or &quot;ne-&quot; is added as well.
--   - In some cases, a preverbal particle such as /ê/ or /dê/ is added before
--     the conjugated verb as well.
-- Not: - The &quot;negPreverb&quot; (preverb (bi-/di-) for negative tenses) parameter has a
--         value different from &quot;nil&quot; only for the Imperfect tense (&quot;negPreverb=di&quot;).
--      - The parameter &quot;negPrefix=na&quot; is used only for the present indicative.
--
-- Preverb &quot;di&quot;, used in: &quot;indPresent&quot;(present stem), &quot;indImperfect&quot;(past stem)
--                        - Bo neyînî: pêşgira &quot;di-&quot; tenê di nav dema &quot;IndImperfect&quot; de tê bikaranîn.
-- Preverb &quot;bi&quot;, used in: &quot;indFuture&quot;(present stem), &quot;subPresent&quot;(present stem),
--                         &quot;subImperfect&quot;(past stem) = &quot;condPresent&quot;(past stem)
--                        - The prefix &quot;bi-&quot; isn't used in negative forms.
--
-- Present stem, used in: &quot;indPresent&quot;(di)(na),
--                        &quot;indFuture&quot;(bi)(ne) = &quot;subPresent&quot;(bi)(ne)
--
-- Past stem, used in: &quot;indPreterite&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indImperfect&quot;(di)(ne), &quot;indPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;indPerfect&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indNwPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indFuturePerfect&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;subPreterite&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;subImperfect&quot;(bi)(ne) = &quot;condPresent&quot;(bi)(ne),
--                     &quot;subPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne) = &quot;condPreterite&quot;(-)(ne)
-- =============================================================================
-- Some conjugations are identical except that they differ only in the preverbal particle (/ê/, /dê/).
-- So, to avoid repeating the same information (and thus risking errors),
-- we establish the common part shared between these verbs.
local sharedTenseRules = {
    indFuture = {
        stem         = &quot;present&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['bi'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['present']
    },

    indFuturePerfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibim']
    },

    subImperfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['bi'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ama']
    },

    subPluperfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûma']
    }
}

local mt = {
    __index = function(t, k)
        local commonRules = t._commonRules
        if commonRules then return commonRules[k] end
    end
}

-- TENSES CONJUGATION RULES
export.tenseRules = {
    -- IMPERATIVE MOOD
    impPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;impPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raweya fermanî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present imperative&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;imperative&quot;,
        _commonRules = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    -- INDICATIVE MOOD
    indPresent = {
        name         = &quot;indPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema niha&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;present&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['di'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['na'],
        endings      = getEndings['present'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indPreterite = {
        name         = &quot;indPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya sade&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;simple past&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['past'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indImperfect = {
        name         = &quot;indImperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya berdest&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;Imperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['di'],
        negPreverb   = getPreverb['di'],
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['past'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indPluperfect    = {
        name         = &quot;indPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûr&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;pluperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûm'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indFuture = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;indFuture&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema bê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;future&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    indFuturePerfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;indFuturePerfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dahatiya pêş&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;future perfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuturePerfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    -- In some books, the &quot;perfect&quot; and &quot;nonconfirmative pluperfect&quot; tenses
    -- are classified in the &quot;inferential mood&quot; (&quot;moda neşahidî&quot;).
    -- Currently we classify them using the indicative mood (at the end).
    indPerfect = {
        name         = &quot;indPerfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûdar&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;perfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ime'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indNwPluperfect = {
        name         = &quot;indNwPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;çîrokiya boriya dûdar&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;non-witnessed pluperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûme'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    -- SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
    subjPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema nihaya xwestekî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    subjPreterite = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema boriya xwestekî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;preterite subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuturePerfect,
        preverbParticle = nil,
    }, mt),

    subjImperfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjImperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya bilaniyê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;imperfect subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subImperfect,
        preverbParticle = nil,
    }, mt),

    subjPluperfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûr a bilaniyê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;pluperfect subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subPluperfect,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    -- CONDITIONAL MOOD
    condPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;condPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;çîrokiya dema nihaya mercî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present conditional&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;conditional&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subImperfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    condPreterite = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;condPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema boriya mercî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;preterite conditional&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;conditional&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subPluperfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

}

-- =============================================================================
-- MAIN CONJUGATION FUNCTOIN
-- This function returns an array containing the conjugation table for a given
-- tense as well as other information about the conjugated verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugate(opts)
    opts = opts or {}
    -- Required parameters
    local tense          = opts.tense or error(&quot;'tense' required&quot;, 2)
    --One of the two parameters is required:
    --  - If the tense uses the present stem, indicate &quot;presentStem&quot;.
    --  - If it uses the past stem, indicate &quot;pastStem&quot;.
    local presentStem    = opts.presentStem
    local pastStem       = opts.pastStem
    -- Optional parameters
    local isTransitive   = opts.isTransitive or false   -- Indicate if the verb is transitive (true/false)
    local isNegative     = opts.isNegative or false     -- Indicate if it's the negative form (true/false)
    local isCompoundVerb = opts.isCompoundVerb or false -- Indicate if it's a compound verb (true/false)
    local preSimpleVerb  = opts.preSimpleVerb or ''     -- The part before the simple verb
    local postSimpleVerb = opts.postSimpleVerb or ''    -- The part after the simple verb
    -- These parameters are provided when the verb is irregular.
    -- Allows you to manually modify preverbs (&quot;bi-&quot;&quot; or &quot;di-&quot;)
    -- and negation prefixes (&quot;na-&quot; or &quot;ne-&quot;)
    local overrideBi     = opts.overrideBi or nil
    local overrideDi     = opts.overrideDi or nil
    local overrideNa     = opts.overrideNa or nil
    local overrideNe     = opts.overrideNe or nil
    -- By default, the negation of the imperative is constructed from the prefix &quot;me-&quot;&quot;.
    -- To obtain the second variant, the prefix with &quot;ne-&quot;, you must specify &quot;impNegForm=2&quot;.
    local impNegForm     = opts.impNegForm or nil

	-- We add a space to the left of the &quot;postSimpleVerb&quot; because it shouldn't be attached
	-- to the simple verb.
	if (postSimpleVerb ~= '' and postSimpleVerb ~=nil) then
		postSimpleVerb = ' ' .. postSimpleVerb
	end

    -- Access to the classification table and retrieval of verb tense parameters
    local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy') or false

    -- We check that this tense is indeed in table &quot;tenseRules&quot;.
    if (not infoTense) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    -- We check that one of the two parameters of the stem is given
    if (infoTense.stem == 'present' and not presentStem) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;presentStem parameter required&lt;/span&gt;'
    elseif (infoTense.stem == 'past' and not pastStem) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;pasttStem parameter required&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    -- Choice between the present stem or past stem
    local stem = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStem or pastStem

    --────────────────────────────
    -- Conjugation construction --
    -- ───────────────────────────
    local preverb = ''
    local negPrefix = ''
    -- Ruturns the verb type: &quot;simpleVerb&quot; or &quot;preverbVerb&quot; or &quot;compoundVerb&quot;
    local verbStruct = export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)

    if isNegative then
        negPrefix = infoTense.negPrefix{stem=stem, tenseName=tense,
                                        impNegForm=impNegForm,
                                        overrideNa=overrideNa, overrideNe=overrideNe}
        if infoTense.negPreverb then
            preverb = infoTense.negPreverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
                                           overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
        end
    else
        if infoTense.preverb then
            preverb = infoTense.preverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
                                        overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
        end
    end

    infoTense.conj = {}
    local spacing = isCompoundVerb and ' ' or ''
    local endings = infoTense:endings(stem)
    local preverbParticles = export.getPreverbParticules(infoTense.preverbParticle, infoTense.stem, isTransitive)
    local isErgative = isTransitive and (infoTense.stem == 'past')

    -- Creating the conjugation table for a given tense
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local ending
        local conjSimbleVerb
        local conjVerb

        if isErgative then
            ending = endings.s3
        else
            ending = endings[pers]
        end

        -- Adding space after the preverbal particle
        local preverbParticle = preverbParticles[pers]
        if preverbParticle ~= '' then
            preverbParticle = preverbParticle .. ' '
        end

        conjSimbleVerb = negPrefix  .. preverb .. stem .. ending
        -- Adding prefixe and suffixe
        conjVerb =  preSimpleVerb .. spacing .. conjSimbleVerb .. postSimpleVerb
        -- Spelling correction(îy -&gt; iy)
        conjVerb = mw.ustring.gsub(conjVerb, 'îy', 'iy')
        -- Add a link
        conjVerb = link{term=conjVerb, lang=langKu}
        -- Addition of the preverbal particle
        infoTense.conj[pers] = preverbParticle .. conjVerb
    end

    -- Imperative
    if (infoTense.name == 'impPresent') then
        infoTense.conj.s1 = nil
        infoTense.conj.s2 = infoTense.conj.s3
        infoTense.conj.s3 = nil
        infoTense.conj.p1 = nil
        -- infoTense.conj.p2 = infoTense.conj.p2
        infoTense.conj.p3 = nil
    end

    return infoTense
end

-- =============================================================================
--                               END
-- =============================================================================
-- Some useful tools
-- =============================================================================
-- Returns the list of verb tenses
export.tensesList = function()
	local list = {}
    for _, tense in pairs(export.tenseRules) do
        table.insert(list, tense.name)
    end
	return list
end

-- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
-- (for a given conjugate tense in all persons of that tense)
function export.concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjVerbs)
	local concatTab = {}
	for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
		concatTab[pers] = pronoms[pers] .. ' ' .. conjVerbs[pers]
	end

	return concatTab
end
-- =============================================================================
-- ADDITIONAL STEM OF THE PAST AND PRESENT (pastStem2, ... and presentStem2, ...)
-- This function does nothing more than add additional parameters for verb stems
-- in the past and present tenses.
-- Conjugations for the different stems will be separated by &quot;/&quot;
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems)
    local opts = baseOpts or {}
     opts.tense = tense or nil
     
    presentStems = presentStems or {}
	pastStems = pastStems or {}

    
    local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy') or false

    -- We check that this tense is indeed in table &quot;tenseRules&quot;.
    if not infoTense then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    local stems = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStems or pastStems

    -- For each verb stem, its conjugation table is calculated and stored in conjTabs.
    local conjTabs = {}
    for i = 1, #stems do
        if stems[i] then
            if (infoTense.stem == 'past') then opts.pastStem = stems[i] end
            if (infoTense.stem == 'present') then opts.presentStem = stems[i] end

            local conj = export.conjugate(opts).conj
            table.insert(conjTabs, conj)
        end
    end

    -- We concatenate each row of the conjugation tables.
    local concatConjTabs = {}
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local frag = {}
        for i = 1, #conjTabs do
            local val = conjTabs[i][pers]
            if val then table.insert(frag, tostring(val)) end
        end
        concatConjTabs[pers] = table.concat(frag, &quot; / &quot;)
    end

    infoTense.conj = concatConjTabs

    return infoTense
end

-- ====================================================================================
--  VERB CONUGATION IN ALL TENSES WITH PRONOUMS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, negation, concatPrs)
	-- &quot;concatPrs=false&quot; table without pronouns
	
    local opts = baseOpts or {}
    
    if negation == 'negative' then opts.isNegative = true end

    -- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
	local concatPronomsVerbs = export.concatPronomsVerbs

    -- Tenses list
    local tensesList = export.tensesList()

    -- Conjugation in all tenses
    local conjTab = {}
    for _, tense in ipairs(tensesList) do
        local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy')

		-- We create the conjugation table without the pronouns.
        conjTab[tense] = deepCopy(export.conjugateLong(opts, tense, presentStems, pastStems), 'copy')
		
        -- We concatenate the pronouns and the verbs if &quot;concatPrs&quot; is different of &quot;false&quot;
		-- No pronouns for the imperative mood
		if (tense ~= 'impPresent' and concatPrs ~= false) then
			local pronoms = deepCopy(export.conjPronouns(infoTense.stem, infoTense.mode, opts.isTransitive))
        	conjTab[tense].conj = concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjTab[tense].conj)
        end
    end

    return conjTab
end

-- ====================================================================================
-- Allows you to obtain a given conjugation from a model.
-- Ex. in the template: {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=s1}}
-- See {{ku-tewîn-lk-niha}}
-- ====================================================================================
function export.tew(frame)
   local args = frame:getParent().args

    local baseOpts = {
        isNegative     = frame.args['neyînî'] or false,
        isTransitive   = args['form'],
        isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = args['pêşgir'] or nil,
        postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil,
        overrideBi     = args['bi'] or nil,
        overrideDi     = args['di'] or nil,
        overrideNa     = args['na'] or nil,
        overrideNe     = args['ne'] or nil,
        impNegForm     = nil
    }
	
	local tense        = frame.args['dem'] or nil
	local pers         = frame.args['kes'] or nil
    local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
    local pastStems    = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}

    -- A few checks
    if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = true
    elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = false
    else
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
    else
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
    end

    if (baseOpts.isNegative == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isNegative = true
    end

	local tabConj = export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems).conj
	
    return tabConj[pers]
end

-- ====================================================================================
-- GET COMMMA SEPARED FORMS
-- Bnr. [[MediaWiki:Gadget-QQ.js]]
-- ====================================================================================
function export.get_comma_separated_forms(frame)
    local opts = {
        presentStem    = frame.args['niha'],
        pastStem       = frame.args['borî'],
        isTransitive   = false,
        isNegative     = false,
        isCompoundVerb = frame['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = frame['pêşgir'] or '',
        postSimpleVerb = frame['paşgir'] or '',
        overrideBi     = frame['bi'] or nil,
        overrideDi     = frame['di'] or nil,
        overrideNa     = frame['na'] or nil,
        overrideNe     = frame['ne'] or nil,
        impNegForm     = nil,
    }

   local function removeTags(tag)
		tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '%[%[(.+)%|(.+)%]%]', '%2')
		tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '&lt;b&gt;(.+)&lt;/b&gt;', '%1')
		tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '&lt;span(.*)&gt;(.*)&lt;/span&gt;', '%2')

		return tag
   end

   local function concateList(tenseList)
        local concatList = {}
        for _, pers in ipairs({&quot;s1&quot;, &quot;s2&quot;, &quot;s3&quot;, &quot;p1&quot;}) do
        	local tense = removeTags(tenseList[pers]) -- Remove tags
            table.insert(concatList, tense)
        end

        return table.concat(concatList, &quot;,&quot;)
   end

   	local tenseList = {'indPresent','indPreterite','indImperfect',
                      'indPluperfect','indPerfect','indNwPluperfect',
                      'indFuture','indFuturePerfect',
                      'subjImperfect','subjPluperfect'
                    }
                    
    local concatAllTense = {}
    
    for  i = 1, #tenseList do
        local tense = tenseList[i]
        if export.tenseRules[tense] then
            opts.tense = tense
            local conj = shallowCopy(export.conjugate(opts).conj)
            local concatTense = concateList(conj)
            table.insert(concatAllTense, concatTense)
        end
    end
    
    return table.concat(concatAllTense, &quot;,&quot;)
end

return export</text>
      <sha1>14vahi186432e36rszkfgtfrybkmil8</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237220</id>
      <parentid>6237219</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T20:33:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>+ tags='na'</comment>
      <origin>6237220</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="40114" sha1="78zv730xv4wu0rwiznyz5e48fvqxlxe" xml:space="preserve">-- Modula tewandina lêkerên kurmancî

local export = {}

-- Load irregular forms table
-- local irreg = require('Module:ku-tewandin/dijrêzik')
local langKu = require(&quot;Modul:languages&quot;).getByCode(&quot;ku&quot;)
local link = require('Module:links').language_link
local shallowCopy = require(&quot;Module:table/shallowCopy&quot;)
local deepCopy = require(&quot;Module:table/deepCopy&quot;)

-- =============================================================================
-- Pronouns in Kurmanji
-- =============================================================================
export.order = {&quot;s1&quot;, &quot;s2&quot;, &quot;s3&quot;, &quot;p1&quot;, &quot;p2&quot;, &quot;p3&quot;}

export.pronouns = {
    s1 = &quot;ez&quot;,    p1 = &quot;em&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;tu&quot;,    p2 = &quot;hûn&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;ew&quot;,    p3 = &quot;ew&quot;
}

export.obliquePronouns = {
    s1 = &quot;min&quot;,      p1 = &quot;me&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;te&quot;,       p2 = &quot;we&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;wê/wî&quot;,    p3 = &quot;wan&quot;
}

export.agents = {
    s1 = &quot;te, wî, wê, we, wan&quot;,            p1 = &quot;te, wî, wê, we, wan&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;min, wî, wê, me, wan&quot;,           p2 = &quot;min, wî, wê, me, wan&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;min, te, wî, wê, me, we, wan&quot;,   p3 = &quot;min, te, wî, wê, me, we, wan&quot;
}

-- Oblique pronoun (green) 
export.obliquePronounsGreen = {
    s1 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;min&lt;/span&gt;',
    s2 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;te&lt;/span&gt;',
    s3 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;wê/wî&lt;/span&gt;',
    p1 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;me&lt;/span&gt;',
    p2 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;we&lt;/span&gt;',
    p3 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;wan&lt;/span&gt;'
}

-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- 1) This function returns correct subject/agent pronoun, ergativity rule:
--   - Transitive verbs in past tenses → oblique pronoun (green) = agent
--   - All other cases                 → direct pronoun (no color) = subject
-- 2) Also add the subjunctive prefix &quot;(bila)&quot;
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
function export.conjPronouns(stemType, mode, isTransitive)
    local pronouns = shallowCopy(export.pronouns)

    -- Ergativity in kurdish: transitive verbs that are conjugated with the past tense stem are
    -- conjugated according to the object, not the subject.
    -- Therefore, to have an ergative construction,
    -- the verb must be transitive and its stem must be the stem of the past tense.
    local isErgative = isTransitive and (stemType == 'past')

    -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: &quot;min&quot;, &quot;te&quot;, ...
    -- If it's not ergative, we use normal pronouns: &quot;ez&quot;, &quot;tu&quot;, ...
    if isErgative then
        pronouns = shallowCopy(export.obliquePronounsGreen)
    end

    -- For the subjunctive mood, we add &quot;(bila)&quot; at the beginning.
    if mode == 'subjunctive' then
    	local subjPrefix = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(bila)&lt;/span&gt;'
        for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
            pronouns[pers] = subjPrefix .. ' ' .. pronouns[pers]
        end
    end
    return pronouns
end

-- =============================================================================
-- VERBAL STRUCTURE IN THE INFINITIVE:
-- Verbs in the infinitive appear in three main forms:
--  1) Simple verb (indivisible light verb):
--       - ex.:  &quot;kirin&quot;, &quot;çûn&quot;, &quot;xwarin&quot;, ...
--  2) Verbs with preverbs (preverb + simple verb):
--       - ex.: &quot;rakirin&quot; (ra- + kirin), &quot;çêkirin&quot; (çê- + kirin), &quot;vexwarin&quot; (ve- + xwarin), ...
--       - Preverb verbs don't use the prefix &quot;bi-&quot; (ez ê rakim , ew ê rake , ...)
--  3) Compound verbs, construction with non-verbal element (the noun is not attached to the verb):
--       - Left of the simple verb: &quot;hez kirin&quot; (&quot;hez&quot; + &quot;kirin&quot;), &quot;li dar xistin&quot; (&quot;li dar&quot; + &quot;xistin&quot;), ...
--       - Right of the simple verb: &quot;kirin der&quot; (&quot;kirin&quot; + &quot;der&quot;), &quot;girtin ser xwe&quot; (&quot;girtin&quot; + &quot;ser xwe&quot;), ...
--       - Compound verbs use the prefix &quot;bi-&quot; (ez ê hez bi-kim , ew ê hez bi-ke )

-- STRUCTURE:  preSimpleVerb + spacing + simpleVerb + postSimpleVerb
-- EX.     kirin: preSimpleVerb='';    spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--       rakirin: preSimpleVerb='ra';  spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--     hez kirin: preSimpleVerb='hez'; spacing=true;  simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--       pev çûn: preSimpleVerb='pev'; spacing=true;  simpleVerb='çûn';   postSimpleVerb=''
--     kirin der: preSimpleVerb='';    spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='der'

-- WARNING: Conjugation can vary depending on the type of verb.
-- For example, in the future tense,the prefix &quot;bi&quot; is used for compound verbs,
-- but not for preverbal verbs, see the function that manages it  &quot;tenseRules&quot; table.
-- This table does not yet support the mixed case: a verb composed of a noun and a preverb verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
    local struct

    if (preSimpleVerb and preSimpleVerb ~= '' and not isCompoundVerb) then
        struct = 'preverbVerb'
    elseif isCompoundVerb then
        struct = 'compoundVerb'
    else
        struct = 'simpleVerb'
    end

    return struct
end

-- ================================================================
-- INFLECTIONAL ENDINGS
-- Assigns verb inflectional endings (suffixes) to all tenses
-- ================================================================
local getEndings = {}

do
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ending using present stem
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['present'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        else
            ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='e', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ind. preterite + ind. imperfect ending
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['past'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
		local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiouû]$') then
            ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then
           -- if self.name == 'indImperfect' then
           --     -- special indicative ind. imperfect rule
           --     ends = {s1='yam', s2='yayî', s3='ya', p1='yan', p2='yan', p3='yan'}
           -- end
            ends = {s1='m', s2='', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        else
            ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Compound endings with auxiliary &quot;bûn&quot;
    -- Inflectional endings are created by taking the different forms of the
    -- verb &quot;bûn&quot; (with present stem &quot;-b-&quot; and past stem &quot;-bû-&quot;) and
    -- adding an &quot;i-&quot; prefix before them: &quot;i-b-im&quot;, &quot;i-bû-m&quot;, &quot;i-bû-me&quot;, &quot;i-bû-ma&quot;.
    -- This &quot;i-&quot; varies according to the final letter of the verb stem.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    local function normalize_i(stem)
        local prfx_i = &quot;i&quot;
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, &quot;ya$&quot;) or
           mw.ustring.match(stem, &quot;[îû]$&quot;) then -- cf. karîn (-karî-)
           	prfx_i = &quot;&quot;
        elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiou]$') then
            prfx_i = &quot;yi&quot;
        end
        return prfx_i
    end

    getEndings['ibim'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bim&quot;,   p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;be&quot;,    p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûm'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûm&quot;,     p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bû&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûme'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûme&quot;,      p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyiye&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûye&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûma'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûma&quot;,      p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyayî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûya&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;
        }
    end
    
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ind. perfect ending.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['ime'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends

        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;me&quot;, s2=&quot;yî&quot;, s3=&quot;ye&quot;, p1=&quot;ne&quot;, p2=&quot;ne&quot;, p3=&quot;ne&quot;}
        else
            ends = {s1=&quot;ime&quot;, s2=&quot;iyî&quot;, s3=&quot;iye&quot;, p1=&quot;ine&quot;, p2=&quot;ine&quot;, p3=&quot;ine&quot;}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Subj. Imperfect ending.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['ama'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends

        -- The doublet in &quot;-iyan&quot; of verbs in -&quot;în&quot; (gerîn/-geriya-, kenîn/-keniya-, ...),
        -- in the conditional and subjunctive moods, a doublet &quot;yaya&quot; appears; it's removed.
        -- -yayayî → -yayî; -yaya → -ya
		if mw.ustring.match(stem, '(ya)$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;ma&quot;, s2=&quot;yî&quot;, s3=&quot;&quot;, p1=&quot;na&quot;, p2=&quot;na&quot;, p3=&quot;na&quot;}
		elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;ma&quot;, s2=&quot;yayî&quot;, s3=&quot;ya&quot;, p1=&quot;na&quot;, p2=&quot;na&quot;, p3=&quot;na&quot;}
        else
            ends = {s1=&quot;ama&quot;, s2=&quot;ayî&quot;, s3=&quot;a&quot;, p1=&quot;ana&quot;, p2=&quot;ana&quot;, p3=&quot;ana&quot;}
        end
        return ends
    end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR PREVERBS: &quot;bi-&quot; and &quot;di-&quot;
-- There are two preverbs: &quot;bi-&quot; and &quot;di-&quot;. These preverbs can change form
-- depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getPreverb = {}

do
	getPreverb['bi'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local verbStruct = opts.verbStruct
	    local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi
	
	    -- Preverb verbs don't use the preverb &quot;bi-&quot;: ra-kirin (ez ê rakim), ve-xwarin (ez ê vexwim) , ...
	    -- But compound verb and simple verbs use it: hez kirin (ez ê hez bi-kim), lê bigirin (ez ê lê bi-girim), ...
	    if (verbStruct == 'preverbVerb') then
	        return ''
	    end
	
	    if overrideBi then return overrideBi end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] end
	
	    -- Modification of the preverbe &quot;bi-&quot; according to the last letter of the stem.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[aeêiîouû]') then
	        return 'b'
	    end
	
	    return 'bi'
	end
	
	getPreverb['di'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi
	
	    if overrideDi then return overrideDi end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] end
	
	    -- Modification of the preverbe &quot;di-&quot; according to the last letter of the stem.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[ai]') then
	        return 'd'
	    end
	    -- Ex. hatin : stem = -ê- // ez têm
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[êî]') then
	        return 't'
	    end
	
	    return 'di'
	end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR NEGATION PREFIXES: &quot;na-&quot; and &quot;ne-&quot;
-- There are two negation prefixes: &quot;na-&quot; and &quot;ne-&quot;. These preverbs can change
-- form depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getNegPrefix = {}

do
	getNegPrefix['na'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa
	
	    if overrideNa then return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNa .. '&lt;/b&gt;' end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] end
	
	    -- Add sufix &quot;-y&quot; before certain vowels.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;nay&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	    -- Elision before stems beginning with &quot;a-&quot; (removal of the final &quot;-e&quot;).
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;n&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    -- Tîpa duyem &quot;-a-&quot; ye (k-a-rîn, z-a-nîn, ...)
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^%wa') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;ni&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    return '&lt;b&gt;na&lt;/b&gt;'
	end

	getNegPrefix['ne'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local tenseName = opts.tenseName
	    local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm
	    local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe
	
	    if overrideNe then return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;' end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] end
	
	    local negPrefix = 'ne'
	    -- There are two forms of construction of the imperative,
	    -- one with the prefix &quot;me-&quot; and the other with the prefix &quot;ne-&quot;.
	    if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then
	        negPrefix = (impNegForm == 2) and 'ne' or 'me'
	    end
	
	    -- Add sufix &quot;-y&quot; before certain vowels.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. 'y&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    -- Elision before stems beginning with &quot;a-&quot; (removal of the final &quot;-e&quot;).
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
	        negPrefix = mw.ustring.sub(negPrefix, 1, -2)
	        return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- Standardization of the PREVERBAL PARTICLE
-- The proverbial particle &quot;ê&quot; is placed after the personal pronoun.
-- =============================================================================
-- If there are no verbal preparticles, return empty table.
function export.getPreverbParticules(preverbParticle, typeStem, isTransitive)
    if not preverbParticle then
        return {s1='', s2='', s3='', p1='', p2='', p3=''}
    end

    if preverbParticle == 'ê' then
        local isErgative = isTransitive and (typeStem == 'past')

        -- When the personal pronoun ends in a vowel, a &quot;y-&quot; is added before &quot;ê&quot;.
        -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: &quot;min&quot;, &quot;te&quot;, ...
        if isErgative then
            return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='yê/dê', p1='yê/dê', p2='yê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
        else
            return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='ê/dê', p1='ê/dê', p2='ê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
        end
    end

    -- If the verbal preparticle is identical for all pronouns,
    -- we create a table with the same value.
    local preverbParticles = {}
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        preverbParticles[pers] = preverbParticle
    end

    return preverbParticles
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING EACH VERB TENSE
-- This table lists, for each verb tense, what elements are required to form it:
--   - Verb conjugation is built by placing either the preverb &quot;bi-&quot; or &quot;di-&quot; before
--     the verb stem (past or present), followed by a personal ending.
--   - For the negative form, one of the prefixes &quot;na-&quot; or &quot;ne-&quot; is added as well.
--   - In some cases, a preverbal particle such as /ê/ or /dê/ is added before
--     the conjugated verb as well.
-- Not: - The &quot;negPreverb&quot; (preverb (bi-/di-) for negative tenses) parameter has a
--         value different from &quot;nil&quot; only for the Imperfect tense (&quot;negPreverb=di&quot;).
--      - The parameter &quot;negPrefix=na&quot; is used only for the present indicative.
--
-- Preverb &quot;di&quot;, used in: &quot;indPresent&quot;(present stem), &quot;indImperfect&quot;(past stem)
--                        - Bo neyînî: pêşgira &quot;di-&quot; tenê di nav dema &quot;IndImperfect&quot; de tê bikaranîn.
-- Preverb &quot;bi&quot;, used in: &quot;indFuture&quot;(present stem), &quot;subPresent&quot;(present stem),
--                         &quot;subImperfect&quot;(past stem) = &quot;condPresent&quot;(past stem)
--                        - The prefix &quot;bi-&quot; isn't used in negative forms.
--
-- Present stem, used in: &quot;indPresent&quot;(di)(na),
--                        &quot;indFuture&quot;(bi)(ne) = &quot;subPresent&quot;(bi)(ne)
--
-- Past stem, used in: &quot;indPreterite&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indImperfect&quot;(di)(ne), &quot;indPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;indPerfect&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indNwPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indFuturePerfect&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;subPreterite&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;subImperfect&quot;(bi)(ne) = &quot;condPresent&quot;(bi)(ne),
--                     &quot;subPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne) = &quot;condPreterite&quot;(-)(ne)
-- =============================================================================
-- Some conjugations are identical except that they differ only in the preverbal particle (/ê/, /dê/).
-- So, to avoid repeating the same information (and thus risking errors),
-- we establish the common part shared between these verbs.
local sharedTenseRules = {
    indFuture = {
        stem         = &quot;present&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['bi'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['present']
    },

    indFuturePerfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibim']
    },

    subImperfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['bi'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ama']
    },

    subPluperfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûma']
    }
}

local mt = {
    __index = function(t, k)
        local commonRules = t._commonRules
        if commonRules then return commonRules[k] end
    end
}

-- TENSES CONJUGATION RULES
export.tenseRules = {
    -- IMPERATIVE MOOD
    impPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;impPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raweya fermanî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present imperative&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;imperative&quot;,
        _commonRules = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    -- INDICATIVE MOOD
    indPresent = {
        name         = &quot;indPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema niha&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;present&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['di'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['na'],
        endings      = getEndings['present'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indPreterite = {
        name         = &quot;indPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya sade&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;simple past&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['past'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indImperfect = {
        name         = &quot;indImperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya berdest&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;Imperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['di'],
        negPreverb   = getPreverb['di'],
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['past'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indPluperfect    = {
        name         = &quot;indPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûr&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;pluperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûm'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indFuture = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;indFuture&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema bê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;future&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    indFuturePerfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;indFuturePerfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dahatiya pêş&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;future perfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuturePerfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    -- In some books, the &quot;perfect&quot; and &quot;nonconfirmative pluperfect&quot; tenses
    -- are classified in the &quot;inferential mood&quot; (&quot;moda neşahidî&quot;).
    -- Currently we classify them using the indicative mood (at the end).
    indPerfect = {
        name         = &quot;indPerfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûdar&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;perfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ime'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indNwPluperfect = {
        name         = &quot;indNwPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;çîrokiya boriya dûdar&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;non-witnessed pluperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûme'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    -- SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
    subjPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema nihaya xwestekî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    subjPreterite = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema boriya xwestekî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;preterite subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuturePerfect,
        preverbParticle = nil,
    }, mt),

    subjImperfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjImperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya bilaniyê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;imperfect subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subImperfect,
        preverbParticle = nil,
    }, mt),

    subjPluperfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûr a bilaniyê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;pluperfect subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subPluperfect,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    -- CONDITIONAL MOOD
    condPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;condPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;çîrokiya dema nihaya mercî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present conditional&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;conditional&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subImperfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    condPreterite = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;condPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema boriya mercî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;preterite conditional&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;conditional&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subPluperfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

}

-- =============================================================================
-- MAIN CONJUGATION FUNCTOIN
-- This function returns an array containing the conjugation table for a given
-- tense as well as other information about the conjugated verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugate(opts)
    opts = opts or {}
    -- Required parameters
    local tense          = opts.tense or error(&quot;'tense' required&quot;, 2)
    --One of the two parameters is required:
    --  - If the tense uses the present stem, indicate &quot;presentStem&quot;.
    --  - If it uses the past stem, indicate &quot;pastStem&quot;.
    local presentStem    = opts.presentStem
    local pastStem       = opts.pastStem
    -- Optional parameters
    local isTransitive   = opts.isTransitive or false   -- Indicate if the verb is transitive (true/false)
    local isNegative     = opts.isNegative or false     -- Indicate if it's the negative form (true/false)
    local isCompoundVerb = opts.isCompoundVerb or false -- Indicate if it's a compound verb (true/false)
    local preSimpleVerb  = opts.preSimpleVerb or ''     -- The part before the simple verb
    local postSimpleVerb = opts.postSimpleVerb or ''    -- The part after the simple verb
    -- These parameters are provided when the verb is irregular.
    -- Allows you to manually modify preverbs (&quot;bi-&quot;&quot; or &quot;di-&quot;)
    -- and negation prefixes (&quot;na-&quot; or &quot;ne-&quot;)
    local overrideBi     = opts.overrideBi or nil
    local overrideDi     = opts.overrideDi or nil
    local overrideNa     = opts.overrideNa or nil
    local overrideNe     = opts.overrideNe or nil
    -- By default, the negation of the imperative is constructed from the prefix &quot;me-&quot;&quot;.
    -- To obtain the second variant, the prefix with &quot;ne-&quot;, you must specify &quot;impNegForm=2&quot;.
    local impNegForm     = opts.impNegForm or nil
	-- If &quot;tags='na'&quot; no links
	local tags = opts.tags or 'erê'

	-- We add a space to the left of the &quot;postSimpleVerb&quot; because it shouldn't be attached
	-- to the simple verb.
	if (postSimpleVerb ~= '' and postSimpleVerb ~=nil) then
		postSimpleVerb = ' ' .. postSimpleVerb
	end

    -- Access to the classification table and retrieval of verb tense parameters
    local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy') or false

    -- We check that this tense is indeed in table &quot;tenseRules&quot;.
    if (not infoTense) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    -- We check that one of the two parameters of the stem is given
    if (infoTense.stem == 'present' and not presentStem) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;presentStem parameter required&lt;/span&gt;'
    elseif (infoTense.stem == 'past' and not pastStem) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;pasttStem parameter required&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    -- Choice between the present stem or past stem
    local stem = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStem or pastStem

    --────────────────────────────
    -- Conjugation construction --
    -- ───────────────────────────
    local preverb = ''
    local negPrefix = ''
    -- Ruturns the verb type: &quot;simpleVerb&quot; or &quot;preverbVerb&quot; or &quot;compoundVerb&quot;
    local verbStruct = export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)

    if isNegative then
        negPrefix = infoTense.negPrefix{stem=stem, tenseName=tense,
                                        impNegForm=impNegForm,
                                        overrideNa=overrideNa, overrideNe=overrideNe}
        if infoTense.negPreverb then
            preverb = infoTense.negPreverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
                                           overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
        end
    else
        if infoTense.preverb then
            preverb = infoTense.preverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
                                        overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
        end
    end

    infoTense.conj = {}
    local spacing = isCompoundVerb and ' ' or ''
    local endings = infoTense:endings(stem)
    local preverbParticles = export.getPreverbParticules(infoTense.preverbParticle, infoTense.stem, isTransitive)
    local isErgative = isTransitive and (infoTense.stem == 'past')

    -- Creating the conjugation table for a given tense
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local ending
        local conjSimbleVerb
        local conjVerb

        if isErgative then
            ending = endings.s3
        else
            ending = endings[pers]
        end

        -- Adding space after the preverbal particle
        local preverbParticle = preverbParticles[pers]
        if preverbParticle ~= '' then
            preverbParticle = preverbParticle .. ' '
        end

        conjSimbleVerb = negPrefix  .. preverb .. stem .. ending
        -- Adding prefixe and suffixe
        conjVerb =  preSimpleVerb .. spacing .. conjSimbleVerb .. postSimpleVerb
        -- Spelling correction(îy -&gt; iy)
        conjVerb = mw.ustring.gsub(conjVerb, 'îy', 'iy')
        -- Add a link / if tags='na' no links
		if tags ~= 'na' then
        	conjVerb = link{term=conjVerb, lang=langKu}
		end
        -- Addition of the preverbal particle
        infoTense.conj[pers] = preverbParticle .. conjVerb
    end

    -- Imperative
    if (infoTense.name == 'impPresent') then
        infoTense.conj.s1 = nil
        infoTense.conj.s2 = infoTense.conj.s3
        infoTense.conj.s3 = nil
        infoTense.conj.p1 = nil
        -- infoTense.conj.p2 = infoTense.conj.p2
        infoTense.conj.p3 = nil
    end

    return infoTense
end

-- =============================================================================
--                               END
-- =============================================================================
-- Some useful tools
-- =============================================================================
-- Returns the list of verb tenses
export.tensesList = function()
	local list = {}
    for _, tense in pairs(export.tenseRules) do
        table.insert(list, tense.name)
    end
	return list
end

-- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
-- (for a given conjugate tense in all persons of that tense)
function export.concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjVerbs)
	local concatTab = {}
	for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
		concatTab[pers] = pronoms[pers] .. ' ' .. conjVerbs[pers]
	end

	return concatTab
end
-- =============================================================================
-- ADDITIONAL STEM OF THE PAST AND PRESENT (pastStem2, ... and presentStem2, ...)
-- This function does nothing more than add additional parameters for verb stems
-- in the past and present tenses.
-- Conjugations for the different stems will be separated by &quot;/&quot;
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems)
    local opts = baseOpts or {}
     opts.tense = tense or nil
     
    presentStems = presentStems or {}
	pastStems = pastStems or {}

    
    local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy') or false

    -- We check that this tense is indeed in table &quot;tenseRules&quot;.
    if not infoTense then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    local stems = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStems or pastStems

    -- For each verb stem, its conjugation table is calculated and stored in conjTabs.
    local conjTabs = {}
    for i = 1, #stems do
        if stems[i] then
            if (infoTense.stem == 'past') then opts.pastStem = stems[i] end
            if (infoTense.stem == 'present') then opts.presentStem = stems[i] end

            local conj = export.conjugate(opts).conj
            table.insert(conjTabs, conj)
        end
    end

    -- We concatenate each row of the conjugation tables.
    local concatConjTabs = {}
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local frag = {}
        for i = 1, #conjTabs do
            local val = conjTabs[i][pers]
            if val then table.insert(frag, tostring(val)) end
        end
        concatConjTabs[pers] = table.concat(frag, &quot; / &quot;)
    end

    infoTense.conj = concatConjTabs

    return infoTense
end

-- ====================================================================================
--  VERB CONUGATION IN ALL TENSES WITH PRONOUMS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, negation, concatPrs)
	-- &quot;concatPrs=false&quot; table without pronouns
	
    local opts = baseOpts or {}
    
    if negation == 'negative' then opts.isNegative = true end

    -- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
	local concatPronomsVerbs = export.concatPronomsVerbs

    -- Tenses list
    local tensesList = export.tensesList()

    -- Conjugation in all tenses
    local conjTab = {}
    for _, tense in ipairs(tensesList) do
        local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy')

		-- We create the conjugation table without the pronouns.
        conjTab[tense] = deepCopy(export.conjugateLong(opts, tense, presentStems, pastStems), 'copy')
		
        -- We concatenate the pronouns and the verbs if &quot;concatPrs&quot; is different of &quot;false&quot;
		-- No pronouns for the imperative mood
		if (tense ~= 'impPresent' and concatPrs ~= false) then
			local pronoms = deepCopy(export.conjPronouns(infoTense.stem, infoTense.mode, opts.isTransitive))
        	conjTab[tense].conj = concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjTab[tense].conj)
        end
    end

    return conjTab
end

-- ====================================================================================
-- Allows you to obtain a given conjugation from a model.
-- Ex. in the template: {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=s1}}
-- See {{ku-tewîn-lk-niha}}
-- ====================================================================================
function export.tew(frame)
   local args = frame:getParent().args

    local baseOpts = {
        isNegative     = frame.args['neyînî'] or false,
        isTransitive   = args['form'],
        isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = args['pêşgir'] or nil,
        postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil,
        overrideBi     = args['bi'] or nil,
        overrideDi     = args['di'] or nil,
        overrideNa     = args['na'] or nil,
        overrideNe     = args['ne'] or nil,
        impNegForm     = nil
    }
	
	local tense        = frame.args['dem'] or nil
	local pers         = frame.args['kes'] or nil
    local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
    local pastStems    = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}

    -- A few checks
    if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = true
    elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = false
    else
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
    else
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
    end

    if (baseOpts.isNegative == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isNegative = true
    end

	local tabConj = export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems).conj
	
    return tabConj[pers]
end

-- ====================================================================================
-- GET COMMMA SEPARED FORMS
-- Bnr. [[MediaWiki:Gadget-QQ.js]]
-- ====================================================================================
function export.get_comma_separated_forms(frame)
    local opts = {
        presentStem    = frame.args['niha'],
        pastStem       = frame.args['borî'],
        isTransitive   = false,
        isNegative     = false,
        isCompoundVerb = frame['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = frame['pêşgir'] or '',
        postSimpleVerb = frame['paşgir'] or '',
        overrideBi     = frame['bi'] or nil,
        overrideDi     = frame['di'] or nil,
        overrideNa     = frame['na'] or nil,
        overrideNe     = frame['ne'] or nil,
        impNegForm     = nil,
    }

   local function removeTags(tag)
		tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '%[%[(.+)%|(.+)%]%]', '%2')
		tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '&lt;b&gt;(.+)&lt;/b&gt;', '%1')
		tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '&lt;span(.*)&gt;(.*)&lt;/span&gt;', '%2')

		return tag
   end

   local function concateList(tenseList)
        local concatList = {}
        for _, pers in ipairs({&quot;s1&quot;, &quot;s2&quot;, &quot;s3&quot;, &quot;p1&quot;}) do
        	local tense = removeTags(tenseList[pers]) -- Remove tags
            table.insert(concatList, tense)
        end

        return table.concat(concatList, &quot;,&quot;)
   end

   	local tenseList = {'indPresent','indPreterite','indImperfect',
                      'indPluperfect','indPerfect','indNwPluperfect',
                      'indFuture','indFuturePerfect',
                      'subjImperfect','subjPluperfect'
                    }
                    
    local concatAllTense = {}
    
    for  i = 1, #tenseList do
        local tense = tenseList[i]
        if export.tenseRules[tense] then
            opts.tense = tense
            local conj = shallowCopy(export.conjugate(opts).conj)
            local concatTense = concateList(conj)
            table.insert(concatAllTense, concatTense)
        end
    end
    
    return table.concat(concatAllTense, &quot;,&quot;)
end

return export</text>
      <sha1>78zv730xv4wu0rwiznyz5e48fvqxlxe</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237222</id>
      <parentid>6237220</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T20:59:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>6237222</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="40024" sha1="ftcuy7c1yzyj0dv60ao3crin92dzwk2" xml:space="preserve">-- Modula tewandina lêkerên kurmancî

local export = {}

-- Load irregular forms table
-- local irreg = require('Module:ku-tewandin/dijrêzik')
local langKu = require(&quot;Modul:languages&quot;).getByCode(&quot;ku&quot;)
local link = require('Module:links').language_link
local shallowCopy = require(&quot;Module:table/shallowCopy&quot;)
local deepCopy = require(&quot;Module:table/deepCopy&quot;)

-- =============================================================================
-- Pronouns in Kurmanji
-- =============================================================================
export.order = {&quot;s1&quot;, &quot;s2&quot;, &quot;s3&quot;, &quot;p1&quot;, &quot;p2&quot;, &quot;p3&quot;}

export.pronouns = {
    s1 = &quot;ez&quot;,    p1 = &quot;em&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;tu&quot;,    p2 = &quot;hûn&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;ew&quot;,    p3 = &quot;ew&quot;
}

export.obliquePronouns = {
    s1 = &quot;min&quot;,      p1 = &quot;me&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;te&quot;,       p2 = &quot;we&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;wê/wî&quot;,    p3 = &quot;wan&quot;
}

export.agents = {
    s1 = &quot;te, wî, wê, we, wan&quot;,            p1 = &quot;te, wî, wê, we, wan&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;min, wî, wê, me, wan&quot;,           p2 = &quot;min, wî, wê, me, wan&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;min, te, wî, wê, me, we, wan&quot;,   p3 = &quot;min, te, wî, wê, me, we, wan&quot;
}

-- Oblique pronoun (green) 
export.obliquePronounsGreen = {
    s1 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;min&lt;/span&gt;',
    s2 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;te&lt;/span&gt;',
    s3 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;wê/wî&lt;/span&gt;',
    p1 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;me&lt;/span&gt;',
    p2 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;we&lt;/span&gt;',
    p3 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;wan&lt;/span&gt;'
}

-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- 1) This function returns correct subject/agent pronoun, ergativity rule:
--   - Transitive verbs in past tenses → oblique pronoun (green) = agent
--   - All other cases                 → direct pronoun (no color) = subject
-- 2) Also add the subjunctive prefix &quot;(bila)&quot;
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
function export.conjPronouns(stemType, mode, isTransitive)
    local pronouns = shallowCopy(export.pronouns)

    -- Ergativity in kurdish: transitive verbs that are conjugated with the past tense stem are
    -- conjugated according to the object, not the subject.
    -- Therefore, to have an ergative construction,
    -- the verb must be transitive and its stem must be the stem of the past tense.
    local isErgative = isTransitive and (stemType == 'past')

    -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: &quot;min&quot;, &quot;te&quot;, ...
    -- If it's not ergative, we use normal pronouns: &quot;ez&quot;, &quot;tu&quot;, ...
    if isErgative then
        pronouns = shallowCopy(export.obliquePronounsGreen)
    end

    -- For the subjunctive mood, we add &quot;(bila)&quot; at the beginning.
    if mode == 'subjunctive' then
    	local subjPrefix = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(bila)&lt;/span&gt;'
        for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
            pronouns[pers] = subjPrefix .. ' ' .. pronouns[pers]
        end
    end
    return pronouns
end

-- =============================================================================
-- VERBAL STRUCTURE IN THE INFINITIVE:
-- Verbs in the infinitive appear in three main forms:
--  1) Simple verb (indivisible light verb):
--       - ex.:  &quot;kirin&quot;, &quot;çûn&quot;, &quot;xwarin&quot;, ...
--  2) Verbs with preverbs (preverb + simple verb):
--       - ex.: &quot;rakirin&quot; (ra- + kirin), &quot;çêkirin&quot; (çê- + kirin), &quot;vexwarin&quot; (ve- + xwarin), ...
--       - Preverb verbs don't use the prefix &quot;bi-&quot; (ez ê rakim , ew ê rake , ...)
--  3) Compound verbs, construction with non-verbal element (the noun is not attached to the verb):
--       - Left of the simple verb: &quot;hez kirin&quot; (&quot;hez&quot; + &quot;kirin&quot;), &quot;li dar xistin&quot; (&quot;li dar&quot; + &quot;xistin&quot;), ...
--       - Right of the simple verb: &quot;kirin der&quot; (&quot;kirin&quot; + &quot;der&quot;), &quot;girtin ser xwe&quot; (&quot;girtin&quot; + &quot;ser xwe&quot;), ...
--       - Compound verbs use the prefix &quot;bi-&quot; (ez ê hez bi-kim , ew ê hez bi-ke )

-- STRUCTURE:  preSimpleVerb + spacing + simpleVerb + postSimpleVerb
-- EX.     kirin: preSimpleVerb='';    spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--       rakirin: preSimpleVerb='ra';  spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--     hez kirin: preSimpleVerb='hez'; spacing=true;  simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--       pev çûn: preSimpleVerb='pev'; spacing=true;  simpleVerb='çûn';   postSimpleVerb=''
--     kirin der: preSimpleVerb='';    spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='der'

-- WARNING: Conjugation can vary depending on the type of verb.
-- For example, in the future tense,the prefix &quot;bi&quot; is used for compound verbs,
-- but not for preverbal verbs, see the function that manages it  &quot;tenseRules&quot; table.
-- This table does not yet support the mixed case: a verb composed of a noun and a preverb verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
    local struct

    if (preSimpleVerb and preSimpleVerb ~= '' and not isCompoundVerb) then
        struct = 'preverbVerb'
    elseif isCompoundVerb then
        struct = 'compoundVerb'
    else
        struct = 'simpleVerb'
    end

    return struct
end

-- ================================================================
-- INFLECTIONAL ENDINGS
-- Assigns verb inflectional endings (suffixes) to all tenses
-- ================================================================
local getEndings = {}

do
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ending using present stem
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['present'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        else
            ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='e', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ind. preterite + ind. imperfect ending
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['past'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
		local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiouû]$') then
            ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then
           -- if self.name == 'indImperfect' then
           --     -- special indicative ind. imperfect rule
           --     ends = {s1='yam', s2='yayî', s3='ya', p1='yan', p2='yan', p3='yan'}
           -- end
            ends = {s1='m', s2='', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        else
            ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Compound endings with auxiliary &quot;bûn&quot;
    -- Inflectional endings are created by taking the different forms of the
    -- verb &quot;bûn&quot; (with present stem &quot;-b-&quot; and past stem &quot;-bû-&quot;) and
    -- adding an &quot;i-&quot; prefix before them: &quot;i-b-im&quot;, &quot;i-bû-m&quot;, &quot;i-bû-me&quot;, &quot;i-bû-ma&quot;.
    -- This &quot;i-&quot; varies according to the final letter of the verb stem.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    local function normalize_i(stem)
        local prfx_i = &quot;i&quot;
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, &quot;ya$&quot;) or
           mw.ustring.match(stem, &quot;[îû]$&quot;) then -- cf. karîn (-karî-)
           	prfx_i = &quot;&quot;
        elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiou]$') then
            prfx_i = &quot;yi&quot;
        end
        return prfx_i
    end

    getEndings['ibim'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bim&quot;,   p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;be&quot;,    p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûm'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûm&quot;,     p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bû&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûme'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûme&quot;,      p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyiye&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûye&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûma'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûma&quot;,      p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyayî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûya&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;
        }
    end
    
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ind. perfect ending.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['ime'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends

        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;me&quot;, s2=&quot;yî&quot;, s3=&quot;ye&quot;, p1=&quot;ne&quot;, p2=&quot;ne&quot;, p3=&quot;ne&quot;}
        else
            ends = {s1=&quot;ime&quot;, s2=&quot;iyî&quot;, s3=&quot;iye&quot;, p1=&quot;ine&quot;, p2=&quot;ine&quot;, p3=&quot;ine&quot;}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Subj. Imperfect ending.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['ama'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends

        -- The doublet in &quot;-iyan&quot; of verbs in -&quot;în&quot; (gerîn/-geriya-, kenîn/-keniya-, ...),
        -- in the conditional and subjunctive moods, a doublet &quot;yaya&quot; appears; it's removed.
        -- -yayayî → -yayî; -yaya → -ya
		if mw.ustring.match(stem, '(ya)$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;ma&quot;, s2=&quot;yî&quot;, s3=&quot;&quot;, p1=&quot;na&quot;, p2=&quot;na&quot;, p3=&quot;na&quot;}
		elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;ma&quot;, s2=&quot;yayî&quot;, s3=&quot;ya&quot;, p1=&quot;na&quot;, p2=&quot;na&quot;, p3=&quot;na&quot;}
        else
            ends = {s1=&quot;ama&quot;, s2=&quot;ayî&quot;, s3=&quot;a&quot;, p1=&quot;ana&quot;, p2=&quot;ana&quot;, p3=&quot;ana&quot;}
        end
        return ends
    end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR PREVERBS: &quot;bi-&quot; and &quot;di-&quot;
-- There are two preverbs: &quot;bi-&quot; and &quot;di-&quot;. These preverbs can change form
-- depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getPreverb = {}

do
	getPreverb['bi'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local verbStruct = opts.verbStruct
	    local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi
	
	    -- Preverb verbs don't use the preverb &quot;bi-&quot;: ra-kirin (ez ê rakim), ve-xwarin (ez ê vexwim) , ...
	    -- But compound verb and simple verbs use it: hez kirin (ez ê hez bi-kim), lê bigirin (ez ê lê bi-girim), ...
	    if (verbStruct == 'preverbVerb') then
	        return ''
	    end
	
	    if overrideBi then return overrideBi end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] end
	
	    -- Modification of the preverbe &quot;bi-&quot; according to the last letter of the stem.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[aeêiîouû]') then
	        return 'b'
	    end
	
	    return 'bi'
	end
	
	getPreverb['di'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi
	
	    if overrideDi then return overrideDi end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] end
	
	    -- Modification of the preverbe &quot;di-&quot; according to the last letter of the stem.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[ai]') then
	        return 'd'
	    end
	    -- Ex. hatin : stem = -ê- // ez têm
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[êî]') then
	        return 't'
	    end
	
	    return 'di'
	end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR NEGATION PREFIXES: &quot;na-&quot; and &quot;ne-&quot;
-- There are two negation prefixes: &quot;na-&quot; and &quot;ne-&quot;. These preverbs can change
-- form depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getNegPrefix = {}

do
	getNegPrefix['na'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa
	
	    if overrideNa then return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNa .. '&lt;/b&gt;' end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] end
	
	    -- Add sufix &quot;-y&quot; before certain vowels.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;nay&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	    -- Elision before stems beginning with &quot;a-&quot; (removal of the final &quot;-e&quot;).
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;n&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    -- Tîpa duyem &quot;-a-&quot; ye (k-a-rîn, z-a-nîn, ...)
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^%wa') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;ni&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    return '&lt;b&gt;na&lt;/b&gt;'
	end

	getNegPrefix['ne'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local tenseName = opts.tenseName
	    local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm
	    local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe
	
	    if overrideNe then return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;' end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] end
	
	    local negPrefix = 'ne'
	    -- There are two forms of construction of the imperative,
	    -- one with the prefix &quot;me-&quot; and the other with the prefix &quot;ne-&quot;.
	    if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then
	        negPrefix = (impNegForm == 2) and 'ne' or 'me'
	    end
	
	    -- Add sufix &quot;-y&quot; before certain vowels.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. 'y&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    -- Elision before stems beginning with &quot;a-&quot; (removal of the final &quot;-e&quot;).
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
	        negPrefix = mw.ustring.sub(negPrefix, 1, -2)
	        return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- Standardization of the PREVERBAL PARTICLE
-- The proverbial particle &quot;ê&quot; is placed after the personal pronoun.
-- =============================================================================
-- If there are no verbal preparticles, return empty table.
function export.getPreverbParticules(preverbParticle, typeStem, isTransitive)
    if not preverbParticle then
        return {s1='', s2='', s3='', p1='', p2='', p3=''}
    end

    if preverbParticle == 'ê' then
        local isErgative = isTransitive and (typeStem == 'past')

        -- When the personal pronoun ends in a vowel, a &quot;y-&quot; is added before &quot;ê&quot;.
        -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: &quot;min&quot;, &quot;te&quot;, ...
        if isErgative then
            return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='yê/dê', p1='yê/dê', p2='yê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
        else
            return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='ê/dê', p1='ê/dê', p2='ê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
        end
    end

    -- If the verbal preparticle is identical for all pronouns,
    -- we create a table with the same value.
    local preverbParticles = {}
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        preverbParticles[pers] = preverbParticle
    end

    return preverbParticles
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING EACH VERB TENSE
-- This table lists, for each verb tense, what elements are required to form it:
--   - Verb conjugation is built by placing either the preverb &quot;bi-&quot; or &quot;di-&quot; before
--     the verb stem (past or present), followed by a personal ending.
--   - For the negative form, one of the prefixes &quot;na-&quot; or &quot;ne-&quot; is added as well.
--   - In some cases, a preverbal particle such as /ê/ or /dê/ is added before
--     the conjugated verb as well.
-- Not: - The &quot;negPreverb&quot; (preverb (bi-/di-) for negative tenses) parameter has a
--         value different from &quot;nil&quot; only for the Imperfect tense (&quot;negPreverb=di&quot;).
--      - The parameter &quot;negPrefix=na&quot; is used only for the present indicative.
--
-- Preverb &quot;di&quot;, used in: &quot;indPresent&quot;(present stem), &quot;indImperfect&quot;(past stem)
--                        - Bo neyînî: pêşgira &quot;di-&quot; tenê di nav dema &quot;IndImperfect&quot; de tê bikaranîn.
-- Preverb &quot;bi&quot;, used in: &quot;indFuture&quot;(present stem), &quot;subPresent&quot;(present stem),
--                         &quot;subImperfect&quot;(past stem) = &quot;condPresent&quot;(past stem)
--                        - The prefix &quot;bi-&quot; isn't used in negative forms.
--
-- Present stem, used in: &quot;indPresent&quot;(di)(na),
--                        &quot;indFuture&quot;(bi)(ne) = &quot;subPresent&quot;(bi)(ne)
--
-- Past stem, used in: &quot;indPreterite&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indImperfect&quot;(di)(ne), &quot;indPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;indPerfect&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indNwPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indFuturePerfect&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;subPreterite&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;subImperfect&quot;(bi)(ne) = &quot;condPresent&quot;(bi)(ne),
--                     &quot;subPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne) = &quot;condPreterite&quot;(-)(ne)
-- =============================================================================
-- Some conjugations are identical except that they differ only in the preverbal particle (/ê/, /dê/).
-- So, to avoid repeating the same information (and thus risking errors),
-- we establish the common part shared between these verbs.
local sharedTenseRules = {
    indFuture = {
        stem         = &quot;present&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['bi'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['present']
    },

    indFuturePerfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibim']
    },

    subImperfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['bi'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ama']
    },

    subPluperfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûma']
    }
}

local mt = {
    __index = function(t, k)
        local commonRules = t._commonRules
        if commonRules then return commonRules[k] end
    end
}

-- TENSES CONJUGATION RULES
export.tenseRules = {
    -- IMPERATIVE MOOD
    impPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;impPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raweya fermanî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present imperative&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;imperative&quot;,
        _commonRules = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    -- INDICATIVE MOOD
    indPresent = {
        name         = &quot;indPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema niha&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;present&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['di'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['na'],
        endings      = getEndings['present'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indPreterite = {
        name         = &quot;indPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya sade&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;simple past&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['past'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indImperfect = {
        name         = &quot;indImperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya berdest&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;Imperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['di'],
        negPreverb   = getPreverb['di'],
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['past'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indPluperfect    = {
        name         = &quot;indPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûr&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;pluperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûm'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indFuture = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;indFuture&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema bê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;future&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    indFuturePerfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;indFuturePerfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dahatiya pêş&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;future perfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuturePerfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    -- In some books, the &quot;perfect&quot; and &quot;nonconfirmative pluperfect&quot; tenses
    -- are classified in the &quot;inferential mood&quot; (&quot;moda neşahidî&quot;).
    -- Currently we classify them using the indicative mood (at the end).
    indPerfect = {
        name         = &quot;indPerfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûdar&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;perfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ime'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indNwPluperfect = {
        name         = &quot;indNwPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;çîrokiya boriya dûdar&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;non-witnessed pluperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûme'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    -- SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
    subjPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema nihaya xwestekî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    subjPreterite = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema boriya xwestekî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;preterite subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuturePerfect,
        preverbParticle = nil,
    }, mt),

    subjImperfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjImperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya bilaniyê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;imperfect subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subImperfect,
        preverbParticle = nil,
    }, mt),

    subjPluperfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûr a bilaniyê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;pluperfect subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subPluperfect,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    -- CONDITIONAL MOOD
    condPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;condPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;çîrokiya dema nihaya mercî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present conditional&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;conditional&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subImperfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    condPreterite = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;condPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema boriya mercî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;preterite conditional&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;conditional&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subPluperfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

}

-- =============================================================================
-- MAIN CONJUGATION FUNCTOIN
-- This function returns an array containing the conjugation table for a given
-- tense as well as other information about the conjugated verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugate(opts)
    opts = opts or {}
    -- Required parameters
    local tense          = opts.tense or error(&quot;'tense' required&quot;, 2)
    --One of the two parameters is required:
    --  - If the tense uses the present stem, indicate &quot;presentStem&quot;.
    --  - If it uses the past stem, indicate &quot;pastStem&quot;.
    local presentStem    = opts.presentStem
    local pastStem       = opts.pastStem
    -- Optional parameters
    local isTransitive   = opts.isTransitive or false   -- Indicate if the verb is transitive (true/false)
    local isNegative     = opts.isNegative or false     -- Indicate if it's the negative form (true/false)
    local isCompoundVerb = opts.isCompoundVerb or false -- Indicate if it's a compound verb (true/false)
    local preSimpleVerb  = opts.preSimpleVerb or ''     -- The part before the simple verb
    local postSimpleVerb = opts.postSimpleVerb or ''    -- The part after the simple verb
    -- These parameters are provided when the verb is irregular.
    -- Allows you to manually modify preverbs (&quot;bi-&quot;&quot; or &quot;di-&quot;)
    -- and negation prefixes (&quot;na-&quot; or &quot;ne-&quot;)
    local overrideBi     = opts.overrideBi or nil
    local overrideDi     = opts.overrideDi or nil
    local overrideNa     = opts.overrideNa or nil
    local overrideNe     = opts.overrideNe or nil
    -- By default, the negation of the imperative is constructed from the prefix &quot;me-&quot;&quot;.
    -- To obtain the second variant, the prefix with &quot;ne-&quot;, you must specify &quot;impNegForm=2&quot;.
    local impNegForm     = opts.impNegForm or nil
	-- If &quot;tags='na'&quot; no links
	local tags = opts.tags or 'erê'

	-- We add a space to the left of the &quot;postSimpleVerb&quot; because it shouldn't be attached
	-- to the simple verb.
	if (postSimpleVerb ~= '' and postSimpleVerb ~=nil) then
		postSimpleVerb = ' ' .. postSimpleVerb
	end

    -- Access to the classification table and retrieval of verb tense parameters
    local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy') or false

    -- We check that this tense is indeed in table &quot;tenseRules&quot;.
    if (not infoTense) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    -- We check that one of the two parameters of the stem is given
    if (infoTense.stem == 'present' and not presentStem) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;presentStem parameter required&lt;/span&gt;'
    elseif (infoTense.stem == 'past' and not pastStem) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;pasttStem parameter required&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    -- Choice between the present stem or past stem
    local stem = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStem or pastStem

    --────────────────────────────
    -- Conjugation construction --
    -- ───────────────────────────
    local preverb = ''
    local negPrefix = ''
    -- Ruturns the verb type: &quot;simpleVerb&quot; or &quot;preverbVerb&quot; or &quot;compoundVerb&quot;
    local verbStruct = export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)

    if isNegative then
        negPrefix = infoTense.negPrefix{stem=stem, tenseName=tense,
                                        impNegForm=impNegForm,
                                        overrideNa=overrideNa, overrideNe=overrideNe}
        if infoTense.negPreverb then
            preverb = infoTense.negPreverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
                                           overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
        end
    else
        if infoTense.preverb then
            preverb = infoTense.preverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
                                        overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
        end
    end

    infoTense.conj = {}
    local spacing = isCompoundVerb and ' ' or ''
    local endings = infoTense:endings(stem)
    local preverbParticles = export.getPreverbParticules(infoTense.preverbParticle, infoTense.stem, isTransitive)
    local isErgative = isTransitive and (infoTense.stem == 'past')

    -- Creating the conjugation table for a given tense
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local ending
        local conjSimbleVerb
        local conjVerb

        if isErgative then
            ending = endings.s3
        else
            ending = endings[pers]
        end

        -- Adding space after the preverbal particle
        local preverbParticle = preverbParticles[pers]
        if preverbParticle ~= '' then
            preverbParticle = preverbParticle .. ' '
        end

        conjSimbleVerb = negPrefix  .. preverb .. stem .. ending
        -- Adding prefixe and suffixe
        conjVerb =  preSimpleVerb .. spacing .. conjSimbleVerb .. postSimpleVerb
        -- Spelling correction(îy -&gt; iy)
        conjVerb = mw.ustring.gsub(conjVerb, 'îy', 'iy')
        -- Add a link / if tags='na' no links
		if tags ~= 'na' then
        	conjVerb = link{term=conjVerb, lang=langKu}
		end
        -- Addition of the preverbal particle
        infoTense.conj[pers] = preverbParticle .. conjVerb
    end

    -- Imperative
    if (infoTense.name == 'impPresent') then
        infoTense.conj.s1 = nil
        infoTense.conj.s2 = infoTense.conj.s3
        infoTense.conj.s3 = nil
        infoTense.conj.p1 = nil
        -- infoTense.conj.p2 = infoTense.conj.p2
        infoTense.conj.p3 = nil
    end

    return infoTense
end

-- =============================================================================
--                               END
-- =============================================================================
-- Some useful tools
-- =============================================================================
-- Returns the list of verb tenses
export.tensesList = function()
	local list = {}
    for _, tense in pairs(export.tenseRules) do
        table.insert(list, tense.name)
    end
	return list
end

-- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
-- (for a given conjugate tense in all persons of that tense)
function export.concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjVerbs)
	local concatTab = {}
	for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
		concatTab[pers] = pronoms[pers] .. ' ' .. conjVerbs[pers]
	end

	return concatTab
end
-- =============================================================================
-- ADDITIONAL STEM OF THE PAST AND PRESENT (pastStem2, ... and presentStem2, ...)
-- This function does nothing more than add additional parameters for verb stems
-- in the past and present tenses.
-- Conjugations for the different stems will be separated by &quot;/&quot;
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems)
    local opts = baseOpts or {}
     opts.tense = tense or nil
     
    presentStems = presentStems or {}
	pastStems = pastStems or {}

    
    local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy') or false

    -- We check that this tense is indeed in table &quot;tenseRules&quot;.
    if not infoTense then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    local stems = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStems or pastStems

    -- For each verb stem, its conjugation table is calculated and stored in conjTabs.
    local conjTabs = {}
    for i = 1, #stems do
        if stems[i] then
            if (infoTense.stem == 'past') then opts.pastStem = stems[i] end
            if (infoTense.stem == 'present') then opts.presentStem = stems[i] end

            local conj = export.conjugate(opts).conj
            table.insert(conjTabs, conj)
        end
    end

    -- We concatenate each row of the conjugation tables.
    local concatConjTabs = {}
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local frag = {}
        for i = 1, #conjTabs do
            local val = conjTabs[i][pers]
            if val then table.insert(frag, tostring(val)) end
        end
        concatConjTabs[pers] = table.concat(frag, &quot; / &quot;)
    end

    infoTense.conj = concatConjTabs

    return infoTense
end

-- ====================================================================================
--  VERB CONUGATION IN ALL TENSES WITH OR WITHOUT PRONOUMS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, negation, concatPrs)
	-- &quot;concatPrs=false&quot; table without pronouns
	
    local opts = baseOpts or {}
    
    if negation == 'negative' then opts.isNegative = true end

    -- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
	local concatPronomsVerbs = export.concatPronomsVerbs

    -- Tenses list
    local tensesList = export.tensesList()

    -- Conjugation in all tenses
    local conjTab = {}
    for _, tense in ipairs(tensesList) do
        local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy')

		-- We create the conjugation table without the pronouns.
        conjTab[tense] = deepCopy(export.conjugateLong(opts, tense, presentStems, pastStems), 'copy')
		
        -- We concatenate the pronouns and the verbs if &quot;concatPrs&quot; is different of &quot;false&quot;
		-- No pronouns for the imperative mood
		if (tense ~= 'impPresent' and concatPrs ~= false) then
			local pronoms = deepCopy(export.conjPronouns(infoTense.stem, infoTense.mode, opts.isTransitive))
        	conjTab[tense].conj = concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjTab[tense].conj)
        end
    end

    return conjTab
end

-- ====================================================================================
-- Allows you to obtain a given conjugation from a model.
-- Ex. {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=s1}}
-- See {{ku-tewîn-lk-niha}}
-- ====================================================================================
function export.tew(frame)
   local args = frame:getParent().args

    local baseOpts = {
        isNegative     = frame.args['neyînî'] or false,
        isTransitive   = args['form'],
        isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = args['pêşgir'] or nil,
        postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil,
		tags           = args['lînk'] or 'erê',
        overrideBi     = args['bi'] or nil,
        overrideDi     = args['di'] or nil,
        overrideNa     = args['na'] or nil,
        overrideNe     = args['ne'] or nil,
        impNegForm     = nil
    }
	
	local tense        = frame.args['dem'] or nil
	local pers         = frame.args['kes'] or nil
    local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
    local pastStems    = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}

    -- A few checks
    if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = true
    elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = false
    else
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
    else
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
    end

    if (baseOpts.isNegative == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isNegative = true
    end

	local tabConj = export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems).conj
	
    return tabConj[pers]
end

-- ====================================================================================
-- GET COMMMA SEPARED FORMS
-- Bnr. [[MediaWiki:Gadget-QQ.js]]
-- Ex. {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|get_comma_separated_forms|niha=kev|borî=ket}}
-- ====================================================================================
function export.get_comma_separated_forms(frame)
    local opts = {
        presentStem    = frame.args['niha'],
        pastStem       = frame.args['borî'],
        isTransitive   = false,
        isNegative     = false,
        isCompoundVerb = frame['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = frame['pêşgir'] or '',
        postSimpleVerb = frame['paşgir'] or '',
        overrideBi     = frame['bi'] or nil,
        overrideDi     = frame['di'] or nil,
        overrideNa     = frame['na'] or nil,
        overrideNe     = frame['ne'] or nil,
        impNegForm     = nil,
		tags           = 'na', -- Remove links/tags
    }

   local function concateList(tenseList)
        local concatList = {}
        for _, pers in ipairs({&quot;s1&quot;, &quot;s2&quot;, &quot;s3&quot;, &quot;p1&quot;}) do
        	local tense = tenseList[pers]
            table.insert(concatList, tense)
        end

        return table.concat(concatList, &quot;,&quot;)
   end

   	local tenseList = {'indPresent','indPreterite','indImperfect',
                      'indPluperfect','indPerfect','indNwPluperfect',
                      'indFuture','indFuturePerfect',
                      'subjImperfect','subjPluperfect'
                    }
                    
    local concatAllTense = {}
    
    for  i = 1, #tenseList do
        local tense = tenseList[i]
        if export.tenseRules[tense] then
            opts.tense = tense
            local conj = shallowCopy(export.conjugate(opts).conj)
            local concatTense = concateList(conj)
            table.insert(concatAllTense, concatTense)
        end
    end
    
    return table.concat(concatAllTense, &quot;,&quot;)
end

return export</text>
      <sha1>ftcuy7c1yzyj0dv60ao3crin92dzwk2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237223</id>
      <parentid>6237222</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T23:01:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>addPreverbParticles = 'na'</comment>
      <origin>6237223</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="40350" sha1="h254pf3ttkgzc8y8b7l7o6ke10lthzk" xml:space="preserve">-- Modula tewandina lêkerên kurmancî

local export = {}

-- Load irregular forms table
-- local irreg = require('Module:ku-tewandin/dijrêzik')
local langKu = require(&quot;Modul:languages&quot;).getByCode(&quot;ku&quot;)
local link = require('Module:links').language_link
local shallowCopy = require(&quot;Module:table/shallowCopy&quot;)
local deepCopy = require(&quot;Module:table/deepCopy&quot;)

-- =============================================================================
-- Pronouns in Kurmanji
-- =============================================================================
export.order = {&quot;s1&quot;, &quot;s2&quot;, &quot;s3&quot;, &quot;p1&quot;, &quot;p2&quot;, &quot;p3&quot;}

export.pronouns = {
    s1 = &quot;ez&quot;,    p1 = &quot;em&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;tu&quot;,    p2 = &quot;hûn&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;ew&quot;,    p3 = &quot;ew&quot;
}

export.obliquePronouns = {
    s1 = &quot;min&quot;,      p1 = &quot;me&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;te&quot;,       p2 = &quot;we&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;wê/wî&quot;,    p3 = &quot;wan&quot;
}

export.agents = {
    s1 = &quot;te, wî, wê, we, wan&quot;,            p1 = &quot;te, wî, wê, we, wan&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;min, wî, wê, me, wan&quot;,           p2 = &quot;min, wî, wê, me, wan&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;min, te, wî, wê, me, we, wan&quot;,   p3 = &quot;min, te, wî, wê, me, we, wan&quot;
}

-- Oblique pronoun (green) 
export.obliquePronounsGreen = {
    s1 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;min&lt;/span&gt;',
    s2 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;te&lt;/span&gt;',
    s3 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;wê/wî&lt;/span&gt;',
    p1 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;me&lt;/span&gt;',
    p2 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;we&lt;/span&gt;',
    p3 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;wan&lt;/span&gt;'
}

-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- 1) This function returns correct subject/agent pronoun, ergativity rule:
--   - Transitive verbs in past tenses → oblique pronoun (green) = agent
--   - All other cases                 → direct pronoun (no color) = subject
-- 2) Also add the subjunctive prefix &quot;(bila)&quot;
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
function export.conjPronouns(stemType, mode, isTransitive)
    local pronouns = shallowCopy(export.pronouns)

    -- Ergativity in kurdish: transitive verbs that are conjugated with the past tense stem are
    -- conjugated according to the object, not the subject.
    -- Therefore, to have an ergative construction,
    -- the verb must be transitive and its stem must be the stem of the past tense.
    local isErgative = isTransitive and (stemType == 'past')

    -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: &quot;min&quot;, &quot;te&quot;, ...
    -- If it's not ergative, we use normal pronouns: &quot;ez&quot;, &quot;tu&quot;, ...
    if isErgative then
        pronouns = shallowCopy(export.obliquePronounsGreen)
    end

    -- For the subjunctive mood, we add &quot;(bila)&quot; at the beginning.
    if mode == 'subjunctive' then
    	local subjPrefix = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(bila)&lt;/span&gt;'
        for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
            pronouns[pers] = subjPrefix .. ' ' .. pronouns[pers]
        end
    end
    return pronouns
end

-- =============================================================================
-- VERBAL STRUCTURE IN THE INFINITIVE:
-- Verbs in the infinitive appear in three main forms:
--  1) Simple verb (indivisible light verb):
--       - ex.:  &quot;kirin&quot;, &quot;çûn&quot;, &quot;xwarin&quot;, ...
--  2) Verbs with preverbs (preverb + simple verb):
--       - ex.: &quot;rakirin&quot; (ra- + kirin), &quot;çêkirin&quot; (çê- + kirin), &quot;vexwarin&quot; (ve- + xwarin), ...
--       - Preverb verbs don't use the prefix &quot;bi-&quot; (ez ê rakim , ew ê rake , ...)
--  3) Compound verbs, construction with non-verbal element (the noun is not attached to the verb):
--       - Left of the simple verb: &quot;hez kirin&quot; (&quot;hez&quot; + &quot;kirin&quot;), &quot;li dar xistin&quot; (&quot;li dar&quot; + &quot;xistin&quot;), ...
--       - Right of the simple verb: &quot;kirin der&quot; (&quot;kirin&quot; + &quot;der&quot;), &quot;girtin ser xwe&quot; (&quot;girtin&quot; + &quot;ser xwe&quot;), ...
--       - Compound verbs use the prefix &quot;bi-&quot; (ez ê hez bi-kim , ew ê hez bi-ke )

-- STRUCTURE:  preSimpleVerb + spacing + simpleVerb + postSimpleVerb
-- EX.     kirin: preSimpleVerb='';    spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--       rakirin: preSimpleVerb='ra';  spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--     hez kirin: preSimpleVerb='hez'; spacing=true;  simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--       pev çûn: preSimpleVerb='pev'; spacing=true;  simpleVerb='çûn';   postSimpleVerb=''
--     kirin der: preSimpleVerb='';    spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='der'

-- WARNING: Conjugation can vary depending on the type of verb.
-- For example, in the future tense,the prefix &quot;bi&quot; is used for compound verbs,
-- but not for preverbal verbs, see the function that manages it  &quot;tenseRules&quot; table.
-- This table does not yet support the mixed case: a verb composed of a noun and a preverb verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
    local struct

    if (preSimpleVerb and preSimpleVerb ~= '' and not isCompoundVerb) then
        struct = 'preverbVerb'
    elseif isCompoundVerb then
        struct = 'compoundVerb'
    else
        struct = 'simpleVerb'
    end

    return struct
end

-- ================================================================
-- INFLECTIONAL ENDINGS
-- Assigns verb inflectional endings (suffixes) to all tenses
-- ================================================================
local getEndings = {}

do
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ending using present stem
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['present'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        else
            ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='e', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ind. preterite + ind. imperfect ending
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['past'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
		local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiouû]$') then
            ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then
           -- if self.name == 'indImperfect' then
           --     -- special indicative ind. imperfect rule
           --     ends = {s1='yam', s2='yayî', s3='ya', p1='yan', p2='yan', p3='yan'}
           -- end
            ends = {s1='m', s2='', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        else
            ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Compound endings with auxiliary &quot;bûn&quot;
    -- Inflectional endings are created by taking the different forms of the
    -- verb &quot;bûn&quot; (with present stem &quot;-b-&quot; and past stem &quot;-bû-&quot;) and
    -- adding an &quot;i-&quot; prefix before them: &quot;i-b-im&quot;, &quot;i-bû-m&quot;, &quot;i-bû-me&quot;, &quot;i-bû-ma&quot;.
    -- This &quot;i-&quot; varies according to the final letter of the verb stem.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    local function normalize_i(stem)
        local prfx_i = &quot;i&quot;
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, &quot;ya$&quot;) or
           mw.ustring.match(stem, &quot;[îû]$&quot;) then -- cf. karîn (-karî-)
           	prfx_i = &quot;&quot;
        elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiou]$') then
            prfx_i = &quot;yi&quot;
        end
        return prfx_i
    end

    getEndings['ibim'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bim&quot;,   p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;be&quot;,    p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûm'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûm&quot;,     p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bû&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûme'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûme&quot;,      p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyiye&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûye&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûma'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûma&quot;,      p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyayî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûya&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;
        }
    end
    
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ind. perfect ending.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['ime'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends

        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;me&quot;, s2=&quot;yî&quot;, s3=&quot;ye&quot;, p1=&quot;ne&quot;, p2=&quot;ne&quot;, p3=&quot;ne&quot;}
        else
            ends = {s1=&quot;ime&quot;, s2=&quot;iyî&quot;, s3=&quot;iye&quot;, p1=&quot;ine&quot;, p2=&quot;ine&quot;, p3=&quot;ine&quot;}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Subj. Imperfect ending.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['ama'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends

        -- The doublet in &quot;-iyan&quot; of verbs in -&quot;în&quot; (gerîn/-geriya-, kenîn/-keniya-, ...),
        -- in the conditional and subjunctive moods, a doublet &quot;yaya&quot; appears; it's removed.
        -- -yayayî → -yayî; -yaya → -ya
		if mw.ustring.match(stem, '(ya)$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;ma&quot;, s2=&quot;yî&quot;, s3=&quot;&quot;, p1=&quot;na&quot;, p2=&quot;na&quot;, p3=&quot;na&quot;}
		elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;ma&quot;, s2=&quot;yayî&quot;, s3=&quot;ya&quot;, p1=&quot;na&quot;, p2=&quot;na&quot;, p3=&quot;na&quot;}
        else
            ends = {s1=&quot;ama&quot;, s2=&quot;ayî&quot;, s3=&quot;a&quot;, p1=&quot;ana&quot;, p2=&quot;ana&quot;, p3=&quot;ana&quot;}
        end
        return ends
    end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR PREVERBS: &quot;bi-&quot; and &quot;di-&quot;
-- There are two preverbs: &quot;bi-&quot; and &quot;di-&quot;. These preverbs can change form
-- depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getPreverb = {}

do
	getPreverb['bi'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local verbStruct = opts.verbStruct
	    local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi
	
	    -- Preverb verbs don't use the preverb &quot;bi-&quot;: ra-kirin (ez ê rakim), ve-xwarin (ez ê vexwim) , ...
	    -- But compound verb and simple verbs use it: hez kirin (ez ê hez bi-kim), lê bigirin (ez ê lê bi-girim), ...
	    if (verbStruct == 'preverbVerb') then
	        return ''
	    end
	
	    if overrideBi then return overrideBi end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] end
	
	    -- Modification of the preverbe &quot;bi-&quot; according to the last letter of the stem.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[aeêiîouû]') then
	        return 'b'
	    end
	
	    return 'bi'
	end
	
	getPreverb['di'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi
	
	    if overrideDi then return overrideDi end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] end
	
	    -- Modification of the preverbe &quot;di-&quot; according to the last letter of the stem.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[ai]') then
	        return 'd'
	    end
	    -- Ex. hatin : stem = -ê- // ez têm
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[êî]') then
	        return 't'
	    end
	
	    return 'di'
	end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR NEGATION PREFIXES: &quot;na-&quot; and &quot;ne-&quot;
-- There are two negation prefixes: &quot;na-&quot; and &quot;ne-&quot;. These preverbs can change
-- form depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getNegPrefix = {}

do
	getNegPrefix['na'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa
	
	    if overrideNa then return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNa .. '&lt;/b&gt;' end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] end
	
	    -- Add sufix &quot;-y&quot; before certain vowels.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;nay&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	    -- Elision before stems beginning with &quot;a-&quot; (removal of the final &quot;-e&quot;).
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;n&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    -- Tîpa duyem &quot;-a-&quot; ye (k-a-rîn, z-a-nîn, ...)
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^%wa') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;ni&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    return '&lt;b&gt;na&lt;/b&gt;'
	end

	getNegPrefix['ne'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local tenseName = opts.tenseName
	    local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm
	    local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe
	
	    if overrideNe then return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;' end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] end
	
	    local negPrefix = 'ne'
	    -- There are two forms of construction of the imperative,
	    -- one with the prefix &quot;me-&quot; and the other with the prefix &quot;ne-&quot;.
	    if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then
	        negPrefix = (impNegForm == 2) and 'ne' or 'me'
	    end
	
	    -- Add sufix &quot;-y&quot; before certain vowels.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. 'y&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    -- Elision before stems beginning with &quot;a-&quot; (removal of the final &quot;-e&quot;).
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
	        negPrefix = mw.ustring.sub(negPrefix, 1, -2)
	        return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- Standardization of the PREVERBAL PARTICLE
-- The proverbial particle &quot;ê&quot; is placed after the personal pronoun.
-- =============================================================================
-- If there are no verbal preparticles, return empty table.
function export.getPreverbParticules(preverbParticle, typeStem, isTransitive)
    if not preverbParticle then
        return {s1='', s2='', s3='', p1='', p2='', p3=''}
    end

    if preverbParticle == 'ê' then
        local isErgative = isTransitive and (typeStem == 'past')

        -- When the personal pronoun ends in a vowel, a &quot;y-&quot; is added before &quot;ê&quot;.
        -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: &quot;min&quot;, &quot;te&quot;, ...
        if isErgative then
            return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='yê/dê', p1='yê/dê', p2='yê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
        else
            return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='ê/dê', p1='ê/dê', p2='ê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
        end
    end

    -- If the verbal preparticle is identical for all pronouns,
    -- we create a table with the same value.
    local preverbParticles = {}
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        preverbParticles[pers] = preverbParticle
    end

    return preverbParticles
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING EACH VERB TENSE
-- This table lists, for each verb tense, what elements are required to form it:
--   - Verb conjugation is built by placing either the preverb &quot;bi-&quot; or &quot;di-&quot; before
--     the verb stem (past or present), followed by a personal ending.
--   - For the negative form, one of the prefixes &quot;na-&quot; or &quot;ne-&quot; is added as well.
--   - In some cases, a preverbal particle such as /ê/ or /dê/ is added before
--     the conjugated verb as well.
-- Not: - The &quot;negPreverb&quot; (preverb (bi-/di-) for negative tenses) parameter has a
--         value different from &quot;nil&quot; only for the Imperfect tense (&quot;negPreverb=di&quot;).
--      - The parameter &quot;negPrefix=na&quot; is used only for the present indicative.
--
-- Preverb &quot;di&quot;, used in: &quot;indPresent&quot;(present stem), &quot;indImperfect&quot;(past stem)
--                        - Bo neyînî: pêşgira &quot;di-&quot; tenê di nav dema &quot;IndImperfect&quot; de tê bikaranîn.
-- Preverb &quot;bi&quot;, used in: &quot;indFuture&quot;(present stem), &quot;subPresent&quot;(present stem),
--                         &quot;subImperfect&quot;(past stem) = &quot;condPresent&quot;(past stem)
--                        - The prefix &quot;bi-&quot; isn't used in negative forms.
--
-- Present stem, used in: &quot;indPresent&quot;(di)(na),
--                        &quot;indFuture&quot;(bi)(ne) = &quot;subPresent&quot;(bi)(ne)
--
-- Past stem, used in: &quot;indPreterite&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indImperfect&quot;(di)(ne), &quot;indPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;indPerfect&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indNwPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indFuturePerfect&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;subPreterite&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;subImperfect&quot;(bi)(ne) = &quot;condPresent&quot;(bi)(ne),
--                     &quot;subPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne) = &quot;condPreterite&quot;(-)(ne)
-- =============================================================================
-- Some conjugations are identical except that they differ only in the preverbal particle (/ê/, /dê/).
-- So, to avoid repeating the same information (and thus risking errors),
-- we establish the common part shared between these verbs.
local sharedTenseRules = {
    indFuture = {
        stem         = &quot;present&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['bi'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['present']
    },

    indFuturePerfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibim']
    },

    subImperfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['bi'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ama']
    },

    subPluperfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûma']
    }
}

local mt = {
    __index = function(t, k)
        local commonRules = t._commonRules
        if commonRules then return commonRules[k] end
    end
}

-- TENSES CONJUGATION RULES
export.tenseRules = {
    -- IMPERATIVE MOOD
    impPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;impPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raweya fermanî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present imperative&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;imperative&quot;,
        _commonRules = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    -- INDICATIVE MOOD
    indPresent = {
        name         = &quot;indPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema niha&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;present&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['di'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['na'],
        endings      = getEndings['present'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indPreterite = {
        name         = &quot;indPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya sade&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;simple past&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['past'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indImperfect = {
        name         = &quot;indImperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya berdest&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;Imperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['di'],
        negPreverb   = getPreverb['di'],
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['past'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indPluperfect    = {
        name         = &quot;indPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûr&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;pluperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûm'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indFuture = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;indFuture&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema bê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;future&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    indFuturePerfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;indFuturePerfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dahatiya pêş&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;future perfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuturePerfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    -- In some books, the &quot;perfect&quot; and &quot;nonconfirmative pluperfect&quot; tenses
    -- are classified in the &quot;inferential mood&quot; (&quot;moda neşahidî&quot;).
    -- Currently we classify them using the indicative mood (at the end).
    indPerfect = {
        name         = &quot;indPerfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûdar&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;perfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ime'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indNwPluperfect = {
        name         = &quot;indNwPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;çîrokiya boriya dûdar&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;non-witnessed pluperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûme'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    -- SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
    subjPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema nihaya xwestekî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    subjPreterite = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema boriya xwestekî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;preterite subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuturePerfect,
        preverbParticle = nil,
    }, mt),

    subjImperfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjImperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya bilaniyê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;imperfect subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subImperfect,
        preverbParticle = nil,
    }, mt),

    subjPluperfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûr a bilaniyê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;pluperfect subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subPluperfect,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    -- CONDITIONAL MOOD
    condPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;condPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;çîrokiya dema nihaya mercî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present conditional&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;conditional&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subImperfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    condPreterite = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;condPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema boriya mercî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;preterite conditional&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;conditional&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subPluperfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

}

-- =============================================================================
-- MAIN CONJUGATION FUNCTOIN
-- This function returns an array containing the conjugation table for a given
-- tense as well as other information about the conjugated verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugate(opts)
    opts = opts or {}
    -- Required parameters
    local tense          = opts.tense or error(&quot;'tense' required&quot;, 2)
    --One of the two parameters is required:
    --  - If the tense uses the present stem, indicate &quot;presentStem&quot;.
    --  - If it uses the past stem, indicate &quot;pastStem&quot;.
    local presentStem    = opts.presentStem
    local pastStem       = opts.pastStem
    -- Optional parameters
    local isTransitive   = opts.isTransitive or false   -- Indicate if the verb is transitive (true/false)
    local isNegative     = opts.isNegative or false     -- Indicate if it's the negative form (true/false)
    local isCompoundVerb = opts.isCompoundVerb or false -- Indicate if it's a compound verb (true/false)
    local preSimpleVerb  = opts.preSimpleVerb or ''     -- The part before the simple verb
    local postSimpleVerb = opts.postSimpleVerb or ''    -- The part after the simple verb
    -- These parameters are provided when the verb is irregular.
    -- Allows you to manually modify preverbs (&quot;bi-&quot;&quot; or &quot;di-&quot;)
    -- and negation prefixes (&quot;na-&quot; or &quot;ne-&quot;)
    local overrideBi     = opts.overrideBi or nil
    local overrideDi     = opts.overrideDi or nil
    local overrideNa     = opts.overrideNa or nil
    local overrideNe     = opts.overrideNe or nil
    -- By default, the negation of the imperative is constructed from the prefix &quot;me-&quot;&quot;.
    -- To obtain the second variant, the prefix with &quot;ne-&quot;, you must specify &quot;impNegForm=2&quot;.
    local impNegForm     = opts.impNegForm or nil
	
	-- If &quot;tags='na'&quot;, remove links/tags
	local tags = opts.tags or 'erê'
	-- If addPreverbParticles='na', remove preverb particles (ê/dê) before
	-- the conjugated verbs.
	local addPreverbParticles = opts.addPreverbParticles or 'erê'

	
	-- We add a space to the left of the &quot;postSimpleVerb&quot; because it shouldn't be attached
	-- to the simple verb.
	if (postSimpleVerb ~= '' and postSimpleVerb ~=nil) then
		postSimpleVerb = ' ' .. postSimpleVerb
	end

    -- Access to the classification table and retrieval of verb tense parameters
    local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy') or false

    -- We check that this tense is indeed in table &quot;tenseRules&quot;.
    if (not infoTense) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    -- We check that one of the two parameters of the stem is given
    if (infoTense.stem == 'present' and not presentStem) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;presentStem parameter required&lt;/span&gt;'
    elseif (infoTense.stem == 'past' and not pastStem) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;pasttStem parameter required&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    -- Choice between the present stem or past stem
    local stem = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStem or pastStem

    --────────────────────────────
    -- Conjugation construction --
    -- ───────────────────────────
    local preverb = ''
    local negPrefix = ''
    -- Ruturns the verb type: &quot;simpleVerb&quot; or &quot;preverbVerb&quot; or &quot;compoundVerb&quot;
    local verbStruct = export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)

    if isNegative then
        negPrefix = infoTense.negPrefix{stem=stem, tenseName=tense,
                                        impNegForm=impNegForm,
                                        overrideNa=overrideNa, overrideNe=overrideNe}
        if infoTense.negPreverb then
            preverb = infoTense.negPreverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
                                           overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
        end
    else
        if infoTense.preverb then
            preverb = infoTense.preverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
                                        overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
        end
    end

    infoTense.conj = {}
    local spacing = isCompoundVerb and ' ' or ''
    local endings = infoTense:endings(stem)
    local preverbParticles = export.getPreverbParticules(infoTense.preverbParticle, infoTense.stem, isTransitive)
    local isErgative = isTransitive and (infoTense.stem == 'past')

    -- Creating the conjugation table for a given tense
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local ending
        local conjSimbleVerb
        local conjVerb

        if isErgative then
            ending = endings.s3
        else
            ending = endings[pers]
        end

        -- Adding space after the preverbal particle, and
		-- if &quot;addPreverbParticles='na'&quot;: remove preverb particles (ê/dê).
		local preverbParticle = ''
		if infoTense.preverbParticle and addPreverbParticles ~= 'na' then
	            preverbParticle = preverbParticles[pers] .. ' '
		end

        conjSimbleVerb = negPrefix  .. preverb .. stem .. ending
        -- Adding prefixe and suffixe
        conjVerb =  preSimpleVerb .. spacing .. conjSimbleVerb .. postSimpleVerb
        -- Spelling correction(îy -&gt; iy)
        conjVerb = mw.ustring.gsub(conjVerb, 'îy', 'iy')
        -- Add a link / if tags='na' no links
		if tags ~= 'na' then
        	conjVerb = link{term=conjVerb, lang=langKu}
		end
        -- Addition of the preverbal particle
        infoTense.conj[pers] = preverbParticle .. conjVerb
    end

    -- Imperative
    if (infoTense.name == 'impPresent') then
        infoTense.conj.s1 = nil
        infoTense.conj.s2 = infoTense.conj.s3
        infoTense.conj.s3 = nil
        infoTense.conj.p1 = nil
        -- infoTense.conj.p2 = infoTense.conj.p2
        infoTense.conj.p3 = nil
    end

    return infoTense
end

-- =============================================================================
--                               END
-- =============================================================================
-- Some useful tools
-- =============================================================================
-- Returns the list of verb tenses
export.tensesList = function()
	local list = {}
    for _, tense in pairs(export.tenseRules) do
        table.insert(list, tense.name)
    end
	return list
end

-- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
-- (for a given conjugate tense in all persons of that tense)
function export.concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjVerbs)
	local concatTab = {}
	for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
		concatTab[pers] = pronoms[pers] .. ' ' .. conjVerbs[pers]
	end

	return concatTab
end
-- =============================================================================
-- ADDITIONAL STEM OF THE PAST AND PRESENT (pastStem2, ... and presentStem2, ...)
-- This function does nothing more than add additional parameters for verb stems
-- in the past and present tenses.
-- Conjugations for the different stems will be separated by &quot;/&quot;
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems)
    local opts = baseOpts or {}
     opts.tense = tense or nil
     
    presentStems = presentStems or {}
	pastStems = pastStems or {}

    
    local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy') or false

    -- We check that this tense is indeed in table &quot;tenseRules&quot;.
    if not infoTense then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    local stems = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStems or pastStems

    -- For each verb stem, its conjugation table is calculated and stored in conjTabs.
    local conjTabs = {}
    for i = 1, #stems do
        if stems[i] then
            if (infoTense.stem == 'past') then opts.pastStem = stems[i] end
            if (infoTense.stem == 'present') then opts.presentStem = stems[i] end

            local conj = export.conjugate(opts).conj
            table.insert(conjTabs, conj)
        end
    end

    -- We concatenate each row of the conjugation tables.
    local concatConjTabs = {}
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local frag = {}
        for i = 1, #conjTabs do
            local val = conjTabs[i][pers]
            if val then table.insert(frag, tostring(val)) end
        end
        concatConjTabs[pers] = table.concat(frag, &quot; / &quot;)
    end

    infoTense.conj = concatConjTabs

    return infoTense
end

-- ====================================================================================
--  VERB CONUGATION IN ALL TENSES WITH OR WITHOUT PRONOUMS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, negation, concatPrs)
	-- &quot;concatPrs=false&quot; table without pronouns
	
    local opts = baseOpts or {}
    
    if negation == 'negative' then opts.isNegative = true end

    -- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
	local concatPronomsVerbs = export.concatPronomsVerbs

    -- Tenses list
    local tensesList = export.tensesList()

    -- Conjugation in all tenses
    local conjTab = {}
    for _, tense in ipairs(tensesList) do
        local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy')

		-- We create the conjugation table without the pronouns.
        conjTab[tense] = deepCopy(export.conjugateLong(opts, tense, presentStems, pastStems), 'copy')
		
        -- We concatenate the pronouns and the verbs if &quot;concatPrs&quot; is different of &quot;false&quot;
		-- No pronouns for the imperative mood
		if (tense ~= 'impPresent' and concatPrs ~= false) then
			local pronoms = deepCopy(export.conjPronouns(infoTense.stem, infoTense.mode, opts.isTransitive))
        	conjTab[tense].conj = concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjTab[tense].conj)
        end
    end

    return conjTab
end

-- ====================================================================================
-- Allows you to obtain a given conjugation from a model.
-- Ex. {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=s1}}
-- See {{ku-tewîn-lk-niha}}
-- ====================================================================================
function export.tew(frame)
   local args = frame:getParent().args

    local baseOpts = {
        isNegative     = frame.args['neyînî'] or false,
        isTransitive   = args['form'],
        isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = args['pêşgir'] or nil,
        postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil,
		tags           = args['lînk'] or 'erê',
        overrideBi     = args['bi'] or nil,
        overrideDi     = args['di'] or nil,
        overrideNa     = args['na'] or nil,
        overrideNe     = args['ne'] or nil,
        impNegForm     = nil
    }
	
	local tense        = frame.args['dem'] or nil
	local pers         = frame.args['kes'] or nil
    local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
    local pastStems    = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}

    -- A few checks
    if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = true
    elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = false
    else
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
    else
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
    end

    if (baseOpts.isNegative == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isNegative = true
    end

	local tabConj = export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems).conj
	
    return tabConj[pers]
end

-- ====================================================================================
-- GET COMMMA SEPARED FORMS
-- Bnr. [[MediaWiki:Gadget-QQ.js]]
-- Ex. {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|get_comma_separated_forms|niha=kev|borî=ket}}
-- ====================================================================================
function export.get_comma_separated_forms(frame)
    local opts = {
        presentStem    = frame.args['niha'],
        pastStem       = frame.args['borî'],
        isTransitive   = false,
        isNegative     = false,
        isCompoundVerb = frame['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = frame['pêşgir'] or '',
        postSimpleVerb = frame['paşgir'] or '',
        overrideBi     = frame['bi'] or nil,
        overrideDi     = frame['di'] or nil,
        overrideNa     = frame['na'] or nil,
        overrideNe     = frame['ne'] or nil,
        impNegForm     = nil,
		tags           = 'na', -- Remove links/tags
		addPreverbParticles = 'na' -- Remove preverb particles (ê/dê)
    }

   local function concateList(tenseList)
        local concatList = {}
        for _, pers in ipairs({&quot;s1&quot;, &quot;s2&quot;, &quot;s3&quot;, &quot;p1&quot;}) do
        	local tense = tenseList[pers]
            table.insert(concatList, tense)
        end

        return table.concat(concatList, &quot;,&quot;)
   end

   	local tenseList = {'indPresent','indPreterite','indImperfect',
                      'indPluperfect','indPerfect','indNwPluperfect',
                      'indFuture','indFuturePerfect',
                      'subjImperfect','subjPluperfect'
                    }
                    
    local concatAllTense = {}
    
    for  i = 1, #tenseList do
        local tense = tenseList[i]
        if export.tenseRules[tense] then
            opts.tense = tense
            local conj = shallowCopy(export.conjugate(opts).conj)
            local concatTense = concateList(conj)
            table.insert(concatAllTense, concatTense)
        end
    end
    
    return table.concat(concatAllTense, &quot;,&quot;)
end

return export</text>
      <sha1>h254pf3ttkgzc8y8b7l7o6ke10lthzk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>628615</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237226</id>
      <parentid>6236187</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T23:26:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>6237226</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="6153" sha1="khdb44gvb3hnini4z3fp8hc7bsczy4g" xml:space="preserve">local conj = require('Modul:ku-tewandin')

local export = {}

function export.tablo(frame)
    local args = frame:getParent().args

    local baseOpts = {
        isTransitive   = args['form'],
        isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = args['pêşgir'] or '',
        postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or '',
        overrideBi     = args['bi'] or nil,
        overrideDi     = args['di'] or nil,
        overrideNa     = args['na'] or nil,
        overrideNe     = args['ne'] or nil,
        impNegForm     = nil,
		-- tags           = 'erê',
		-- addPreverbParticles = 'erê',

    }
    local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
    local pastStems    = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}
	
    if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = true
    elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = false
    else
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;form = gerghuhêz / negerguhêz&lt;/span&gt;'
    end
	
    if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
    else
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
    end

    -- Conjugation table in all tenses
    local conjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems)
    -- Negatives conjugations table
    local negConjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, 'negative')

	-- Creation of internal conjugation tables for the different tenses
    local function conjugateTable(tense)
		-- First, create the table header.
		local tabHeader = '\n! colspan=&quot;2&quot; id=&quot;' .. conjTab[tense].name .. '&quot;'
			.. 'class=&quot;' .. conjTab[tense].stem .. '-stem tense-table-title&quot; |'
			.. conjTab[tense].nameKu
			.. '- &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;-{'.. conjTab[tense].nameEn ..'}-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
			.. '\n|-'
			.. '\n! class=&quot;negative&quot; | Erênî'
			.. '\n! class=&quot;positive&quot; | Neyînî'
			.. '\n|-'
		
		-- Create the table body.		
        local tabBody = ''
        for _, pers in ipairs(conj.order) do
            tabBody = tabBody .. '\n|' .. conjTab[tense].conj[pers]
                              .. '\n|' .. negConjTab[tense].conj[pers]
                              .. '\n|-'
        end
		
		-- Create the table (header + body).	
		local tab = '\n{| cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;tense-table&quot;' 
					.. '\n|-'
		            .. tabHeader
		            .. tabBody
		       .. '\n|}'
        return tab
    end

	--Retrieving some parameters for creating the main table header
	local verb = args[1]
    local transitivity = args['form']
    local preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or ''
    local postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or ''
	
	-- Cureyê lêkerê
	local verbStruc =  conj.verbStruct(baseOpts.isCompoundVerb, baseOpts.preSimpleVerb)
	if (verbStruc == 'preverbVerb') then
		verbStruc = 'pêkhatî'
	elseif (verbStruc == 'compoundVerb') then
		verbStruc = 'hevedudanî'
	else
		verbStruc = 'xwerû'
	end

	local prsStemsFormat = {}
	for _, stem in ipairs(presentStems) do
	    if stem then prsStemsFormat[#prsStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
	end
	local pstStemsFormat = {}
	for _, stem in ipairs(pastStems) do
	    if stem then pstStemsFormat[#pstStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
	end
	local prsStems = table.concat(prsStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb
	local pstStems = table.concat(pstStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb


   return
'{| align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;conj-table&quot;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; class=&quot;title&quot; | Tewandina lêkera [[' .. verb .. ']]&lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;(' .. verbStruc .. ', ' .. transitivity .. ')&lt;/span&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;present-stem&quot; | Rehê dema niha'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal; text-align:center; border-bottom:dotted 1px grey;&quot; | ' .. prsStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;past-stem&quot; | Rehê dema borî'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;&quot; | ' .. pstStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;imp&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya fermanî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Imperative&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' 
	.. '\n{| cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;tense-table&quot;'
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;present-stem&quot; style=&quot;border:1px dotted grey&quot;| '
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n! class=&quot;negative&quot; | Erênî'
		.. '\n! class=&quot;positive&quot; | Neyînî'
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n| &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(tû)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.s2
		.. '\n| &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(tû)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.s2
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n| &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(hûn)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.p2
		.. '\n| &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(hûn)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.p2
	..'\n|}'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;ind&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya pêşkerî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Indicative&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPresent')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPreterite')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indImperfect')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuture')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuturePerfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPerfect')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indNwPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;subj&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya xwestekî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Subjunctive&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPresent')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPreterite')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjImperfect')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;cond&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya mercî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conditional&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('condPresent')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('condPreterite')
.. '\n|}'
end

return export</text>
      <sha1>khdb44gvb3hnini4z3fp8hc7bsczy4g</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237229</id>
      <parentid>6237226</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-06T01:13:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>6237229</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="6188" sha1="i3k6cmlt48wdqhtbvea9v815x4yhc3j" xml:space="preserve">local conj = require('Modul:ku-tewandin')

local export = {}

function export.tablo(frame)
    local args = frame:getParent().args

    local baseOpts = {
        isTransitive   = args['form'],
        isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = args['pêşgir'] or '',
        postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or '',
        overrideBi     = args['bi'] or nil,
        overrideDi     = args['di'] or nil,
        overrideNa     = args['na'] or nil,
        overrideNe     = args['ne'] or nil,
        impNegForm     = nil,
		-- tags           = 'erê',
		-- addPreverbParticles = 'erê',

    }
    local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
    local pastStems    = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}
	
    if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = true
    elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = false
    else
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;form = gerghuhêz / negerguhêz&lt;/span&gt;'
    end
	
    if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
    else
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
    end

    -- Conjugation table in all tenses
    local conjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems)
    -- Negatives conjugations table
    local negConjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, 'negative')

	-- Creation of internal conjugation tables for the different tenses
    local function conjugateTable(tense)
		-- First, create the table header.
		local tabHeader = '\n! colspan=&quot;2&quot; id=&quot;' .. conjTab[tense].name .. '&quot;'
			.. 'class=&quot;' .. conjTab[tense].stem .. '-stem tense-table-title&quot; |'
			.. conjTab[tense].nameKu
			.. '- &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;-{'.. conjTab[tense].nameEn ..'}-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
			.. '\n|-'
			.. '\n! class=&quot;negative&quot; | Erênî'
			.. '\n! class=&quot;positive&quot; | Neyînî'
			.. '\n|-'
		
		-- Create the table body.		
        local tabBody = ''
        for _, pers in ipairs(conj.order) do
            tabBody = tabBody .. '\n|' .. conjTab[tense].conj[pers]
                              .. '\n|' .. negConjTab[tense].conj[pers]
                              .. '\n|-'
        end
		
		-- Create the table (header + body).	
		local tab = '\n{| cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;tense-table&quot;' 
					.. '\n|-'
		            .. tabHeader
		            .. tabBody
		       .. '\n|}'
        return tab
    end

	--Retrieving some parameters for creating the main table header
	local verb = args[1]
    local transitivity = args['form']
    local preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or ''
    local postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or ''
	
	-- Cureyê lêkerê
	local verbStruc =  conj.verbStruct(baseOpts.isCompoundVerb, baseOpts.preSimpleVerb)
	if (verbStruc == 'preverbVerb') then
		verbStruc = 'pêkhatî'
	elseif (verbStruc == 'compoundVerb') then
		verbStruc = 'hevedudanî'
	else
		verbStruc = 'xwerû'
	end

	local prsStemsFormat = {}
	for _, stem in ipairs(presentStems) do
	    if stem then prsStemsFormat[#prsStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
	end
	local pstStemsFormat = {}
	for _, stem in ipairs(pastStems) do
	    if stem then pstStemsFormat[#pstStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
	end
	local prsStems = table.concat(prsStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb
	local pstStems = table.concat(pstStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb


   return
'{| align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;conj-table&quot;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; class=&quot;title&quot; | Tewandina lêkera [[' .. verb .. ']]&lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;(' .. verbStruc .. ', ' .. transitivity .. ')&lt;/span&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;present-stem&quot; | Rehê dema niha'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal; text-align:center; border-bottom:dotted 1px grey;&quot; | ' .. prsStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;past-stem&quot; | Rehê dema borî'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;&quot; | ' .. pstStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;imp&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya fermanî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Imperative&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' 
	.. '\n{| cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;tense-table&quot;'
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;present-stem&quot; style=&quot;border-top:1px dotted grey; border-bottom:1px dotted grey&quot;| '
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n! class=&quot;negative&quot; | Erênî'
		.. '\n! class=&quot;positive&quot; | Neyînî'
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n| &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(tû)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.s2
		.. '\n| &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(tû)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.s2
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n| &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(hûn)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.p2
		.. '\n| &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(hûn)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.p2
	..'\n|}'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;ind&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya pêşkerî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Indicative&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPresent')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPreterite')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indImperfect')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuture')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuturePerfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPerfect')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indNwPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;subj&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya xwestekî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Subjunctive&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPresent')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPreterite')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjImperfect')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;cond&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya mercî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conditional&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('condPresent')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('condPreterite')
.. '\n|}'
end

return export</text>
      <sha1>i3k6cmlt48wdqhtbvea9v815x4yhc3j</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237230</id>
      <parentid>6237229</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-06T02:32:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>6237230</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="6256" sha1="ep6bhrzsisk3wg7kyykqagm2dk9e7o3" xml:space="preserve">local export = {}

local conj = require('Modul:ku-tewandin')
local lang = mw.getContentLanguage()

function export.tablo(frame)
    local args = frame:getParent().args

    local baseOpts = {
        isTransitive   = args['form'],
        isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = args['pêşgir'] or '',
        postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or '',
        overrideBi     = args['bi'] or nil,
        overrideDi     = args['di'] or nil,
        overrideNa     = args['na'] or nil,
        overrideNe     = args['ne'] or nil,
        impNegForm     = nil,
		-- tags           = 'erê',
		-- addPreverbParticles = 'erê',

    }
	
    local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
    local pastStems    = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}
	
    if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = true
    elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = false
    else
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;form = gerghuhêz / negerguhêz&lt;/span&gt;'
    end
	
    if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
    else
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
    end

    -- Conjugation table in all tenses
    local conjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems)
    -- Negatives conjugations table
    local negConjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, 'negative')

	-- Creation of internal conjugation tables for the different tenses
    local function conjugateTable(tense)
		-- First, create the table header.
		local tabHeader = '\n! colspan=&quot;2&quot; id=&quot;' .. conjTab[tense].name .. '&quot;'
			.. 'class=&quot;' .. conjTab[tense].stem .. '-stem tense-table-title&quot; |'
			.. lang:ucfirst(conjTab[tense].nameKu)
			.. ' - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;-{'.. lang:ucfirst(conjTab[tense].nameEn) ..'}-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
			.. '\n|-'
			.. '\n! class=&quot;negative&quot; | Erênî'
			.. '\n! class=&quot;positive&quot; | Neyînî'
			.. '\n|-'
		
		-- Create the table body.		
        local tabBody = ''
        for _, pers in ipairs(conj.order) do
            tabBody = tabBody .. '\n|' .. conjTab[tense].conj[pers]
                              .. '\n|' .. negConjTab[tense].conj[pers]
                              .. '\n|-'
        end
		
		-- Create the table (header + body).	
		local tab = '\n{| cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;tense-table&quot;' 
					.. '\n|-'
		            .. tabHeader
		            .. tabBody
		       .. '\n|}'
        return tab
    end

	--Retrieving some parameters for creating the main table header
	local verb = args[1]
    local transitivity = args['form']
    local preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or ''
    local postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or ''
	
	-- Cureyê lêkerê
	local verbStruc =  conj.verbStruct(baseOpts.isCompoundVerb, baseOpts.preSimpleVerb)
	if (verbStruc == 'preverbVerb') then
		verbStruc = 'pêkhatî'
	elseif (verbStruc == 'compoundVerb') then
		verbStruc = 'hevedudanî'
	else
		verbStruc = 'xwerû'
	end

	local prsStemsFormat = {}
	for _, stem in ipairs(presentStems) do
	    if stem then prsStemsFormat[#prsStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
	end
	local pstStemsFormat = {}
	for _, stem in ipairs(pastStems) do
	    if stem then pstStemsFormat[#pstStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
	end
	local prsStems = table.concat(prsStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb
	local pstStems = table.concat(pstStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb


   return
'{| align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;conj-table&quot;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; class=&quot;title&quot; | Tewandina lêkera [[' .. verb .. ']]&lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;(' .. verbStruc .. ', ' .. transitivity .. ')&lt;/span&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;present-stem&quot; | Rehê dema niha'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal; text-align:center; border-bottom:dotted 1px grey;&quot; | ' .. prsStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;past-stem&quot; | Rehê dema borî'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;&quot; | ' .. pstStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;imp&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya fermanî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Imperative&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' 
	.. '\n{| cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;tense-table&quot;'
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;present-stem&quot; style=&quot;border-top:1px dotted grey; border-bottom:1px dotted grey&quot;| '
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n! class=&quot;negative&quot; | Erênî'
		.. '\n! class=&quot;positive&quot; | Neyînî'
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n| &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(tû)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.s2
		.. '\n| &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(tû)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.s2
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n| &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(hûn)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.p2
		.. '\n| &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(hûn)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.p2
	..'\n|}'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;ind&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya pêşkerî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Indicative&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPresent')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPreterite')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indImperfect')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuture')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuturePerfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPerfect')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indNwPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;subj&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya xwestekî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Subjunctive&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPresent')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPreterite')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjImperfect')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;cond&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya mercî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conditional&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('condPresent')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('condPreterite')
.. '\n|}'
end

return export</text>
      <sha1>ep6bhrzsisk3wg7kyykqagm2dk9e7o3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237231</id>
      <parentid>6237230</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-06T03:15:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>6237231</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="6255" sha1="onfglrqqgkvsoik86kzgkmfvofsd63d" xml:space="preserve">local export = {}

local conj = require('Modul:ku-tewandin')
local lang = mw.getContentLanguage()

function export.tablo(frame)
    local args = frame:getParent().args

    local baseOpts = {
        isTransitive   = args['form'],
        isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = args['pêşgir'] or '',
        postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or '',
        overrideBi     = args['bi'] or nil,
        overrideDi     = args['di'] or nil,
        overrideNa     = args['na'] or nil,
        overrideNe     = args['ne'] or nil,
        impNegForm     = nil,
		-- tags           = 'erê',
		-- addPreverbParticles = 'erê',
    }
	
    local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
    local pastStems    = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}
	
    if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = true
    elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = false
    else
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;form = gerghuhêz / negerguhêz&lt;/span&gt;'
    end
	
    if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
    else
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
    end

    -- Conjugation table in all tenses
    local conjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems)
    -- Negatives conjugations table
    local negConjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, 'negative')

	-- Creation of internal conjugation tables for the different tenses
    local function conjugateTable(tense)
		-- First, create the table header.
		local tabHeader = '\n! colspan=&quot;2&quot; id=&quot;' .. conjTab[tense].name .. '&quot;'
			.. 'class=&quot;' .. conjTab[tense].stem .. '-stem tense-table-title&quot; |'
			.. lang:ucfirst(conjTab[tense].nameKu)
			.. ' - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;-{'.. lang:ucfirst(conjTab[tense].nameEn) ..'}-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
			.. '\n|-'
			.. '\n! class=&quot;negative&quot; | Erênî'
			.. '\n! class=&quot;positive&quot; | Neyînî'
			.. '\n|-'
		
		-- Create the table body.		
        local tabBody = ''
        for _, pers in ipairs(conj.order) do
            tabBody = tabBody .. '\n|' .. conjTab[tense].conj[pers]
                              .. '\n|' .. negConjTab[tense].conj[pers]
                              .. '\n|-'
        end
		
		-- Create the table (header + body).	
		local tab = '\n{| cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;tense-table&quot;' 
					.. '\n|-'
		            .. tabHeader
		            .. tabBody
		       .. '\n|}'
        return tab
    end

	--Retrieving some parameters for creating the main table header
	local verb = args[1]
    local transitivity = args['form']
    local preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or ''
    local postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or ''
	
	-- Cureyê lêkerê
	local verbStruc =  conj.verbStruct(baseOpts.isCompoundVerb, baseOpts.preSimpleVerb)
	if (verbStruc == 'preverbVerb') then
		verbStruc = 'pêkhatî'
	elseif (verbStruc == 'compoundVerb') then
		verbStruc = 'hevedudanî'
	else
		verbStruc = 'xwerû'
	end

	local prsStemsFormat = {}
	for _, stem in ipairs(presentStems) do
	    if stem then prsStemsFormat[#prsStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
	end
	local pstStemsFormat = {}
	for _, stem in ipairs(pastStems) do
	    if stem then pstStemsFormat[#pstStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
	end
	local prsStems = table.concat(prsStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb
	local pstStems = table.concat(pstStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb


   return
'{| align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;conj-table&quot;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; class=&quot;title&quot; | Tewandina lêkera [[' .. verb .. ']]&lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;(' .. verbStruc .. ', ' .. transitivity .. ')&lt;/span&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;present-stem&quot; | Rehê dema niha'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal; text-align:center; border-bottom:dotted 1px grey;&quot; | ' .. prsStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;past-stem&quot; | Rehê dema borî'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;&quot; | ' .. pstStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;imp&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya fermanî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Imperative&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' 
	.. '\n{| cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;tense-table&quot;'
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;present-stem&quot; style=&quot;border-top:1px dotted grey; border-bottom:1px dotted grey&quot;| '
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n! class=&quot;negative&quot; | Erênî'
		.. '\n! class=&quot;positive&quot; | Neyînî'
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n| &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(tû)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.s2
		.. '\n| &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(tû)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.s2
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n| &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(hûn)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.p2
		.. '\n| &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(hûn)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.p2
	..'\n|}'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;ind&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya pêşkerî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Indicative&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPresent')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPreterite')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indImperfect')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuture')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuturePerfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPerfect')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indNwPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;subj&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya xwestekî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Subjunctive&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPresent')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPreterite')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjImperfect')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;cond&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya mercî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conditional&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('condPresent')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('condPreterite')
.. '\n|}'
end

return export</text>
      <sha1>onfglrqqgkvsoik86kzgkmfvofsd63d</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237233</id>
      <parentid>6237231</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-06T03:56:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>6237233</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="6451" sha1="5vuh8l59zqsjpb64ham79xu0dzgov5a" xml:space="preserve">local export = {}

local conj = require('Modul:ku-tewandin')
local lang = mw.getContentLanguage()

function export.tablo(frame)
    local args = frame:getParent().args

    local baseOpts = {
        isTransitive   = args['form'],
        isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = args['pêşgir'] or '',
        postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or '',
        overrideBi     = args['bi'] or nil,
        overrideDi     = args['di'] or nil,
        overrideNa     = args['na'] or nil,
        overrideNe     = args['ne'] or nil,
        impNegForm     = nil,
		-- tags           = 'erê',
		-- addPreverbParticles = 'erê',
    }
	
    local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
    local pastStems    = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}
	
    if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = true
    elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = false
    else
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;form = gerghuhêz / negerguhêz&lt;/span&gt;'
    end
	
    if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
    else
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
    end

    -- Conjugation table in all tenses
    local conjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems)
    -- Negatives conjugations table
    local negConjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, 'negative')

	-- Creation of internal conjugation tables for the different tenses
    local function conjugateTable(tense)
		local nameKu = lang:ucfirst(conjTab[tense].nameKu) -- Kurdish name
		local nameEn = lang:ucfirst(conjTab[tense].nameEn) -- English name
		local idName = conjTab[tense].name -- 'tenseRules' name (indPresent, ...)
		local classStem = conjTab[tense].stem -- 'present' or 'past'
		
		-- First, create the table header.
		local tabHeader = '\n! colspan=&quot;2&quot; id=&quot;' .. idName .. '&quot;'
			.. 'class=&quot;' .. classStem .. '-stem tense-table-title&quot; |'
			.. nameKu .. ' - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;-{'.. nameEn ..'}-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
			.. '\n|-'
			.. '\n! class=&quot;negative&quot; | Erênî'
			.. '\n! class=&quot;positive&quot; | Neyînî'
			.. '\n|-'
		
		-- Create the table body.		
        local tabBody = ''
        for _, pers in ipairs(conj.order) do
            tabBody = tabBody .. '\n|' .. conjTab[tense].conj[pers]
                              .. '\n|' .. negConjTab[tense].conj[pers]
                              .. '\n|-'
        end
		
		-- Create the table (header + body).	
		local tab = '\n{| cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;tense-table&quot;' 
					.. '\n|-'
		            .. tabHeader
		            .. tabBody
		       .. '\n|}'
        return tab
    end

	--Retrieving some parameters for creating the main table header
	local verb = args[1]
    local transitivity = args['form']
    local preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or ''
    local postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or ''
	
	-- Cureyê lêkerê
	local verbStruc =  conj.verbStruct(baseOpts.isCompoundVerb, baseOpts.preSimpleVerb)
	if (verbStruc == 'preverbVerb') then
		verbStruc = 'pêkhatî'
	elseif (verbStruc == 'compoundVerb') then
		verbStruc = 'hevedudanî'
	else
		verbStruc = 'xwerû'
	end

	local prsStemsFormat = {}
	for _, stem in ipairs(presentStems) do
	    if stem then prsStemsFormat[#prsStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
	end
	local pstStemsFormat = {}
	for _, stem in ipairs(pastStems) do
	    if stem then pstStemsFormat[#pstStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
	end
	local prsStems = table.concat(prsStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb
	local pstStems = table.concat(pstStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb


   return
'{| align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;conj-table&quot;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; class=&quot;title&quot; | Tewandina lêkera [[' .. verb .. ']]&lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;(' .. verbStruc .. ', ' .. transitivity .. ')&lt;/span&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;present-stem&quot; | Rehê dema niha'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal; text-align:center; border-bottom:dotted 1px grey;&quot; | ' .. prsStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;past-stem&quot; | Rehê dema borî'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;&quot; | ' .. pstStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;imp&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya fermanî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Imperative&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' 
	.. '\n{| cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;tense-table&quot;'
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;present-stem&quot; style=&quot;border-top:1px dotted grey; border-bottom:1px dotted grey&quot;| '
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n! class=&quot;negative&quot; | Erênî'
		.. '\n! class=&quot;positive&quot; | Neyînî'
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n| &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(tû)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.s2
		.. '\n| &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(tû)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.s2
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n| &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(hûn)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.p2
		.. '\n| &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(hûn)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.p2
	..'\n|}'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;ind&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya pêşkerî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Indicative&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPresent')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPreterite')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indImperfect')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuture')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuturePerfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPerfect')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indNwPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;subj&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya xwestekî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Subjunctive&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPresent')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPreterite')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjImperfect')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;cond&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya mercî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conditional&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('condPresent')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('condPreterite')
.. '\n|}'
end

return export</text>
      <sha1>5vuh8l59zqsjpb64ham79xu0dzgov5a</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237234</id>
      <parentid>6237233</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-06T05:40:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>6237234</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="6475" sha1="petfa3bniu82hyxlc8wyghvkleb8q6y" xml:space="preserve">local export = {}

local conj = require('Modul:ku-tewandin')
local lang = mw.getContentLanguage()

function export.tablo(frame)
    local args = frame:getParent().args

    local baseOpts = {
        isTransitive   = args['form'],
        isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = args['pêşgir'] or '',
        postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or '',
        overrideBi     = args['bi'] or nil,
        overrideDi     = args['di'] or nil,
        overrideNa     = args['na'] or nil,
        overrideNe     = args['ne'] or nil,
        impNegForm     = nil,
		-- tags           = 'erê',
		-- addPreverbParticles = 'erê',
    }
	
    local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
    local pastStems    = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}
	
    if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = true
    elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = false
    else
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;form = gerghuhêz / negerguhêz&lt;/span&gt;'
    end
	
    if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
    else
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
    end

    -- Conjugation table in all tenses
    local infoTense = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems)
    -- Negatives conjugations table
    local negInfoTense = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, 'negative')

	-- Creation of internal conjugation tables for the different tenses
    local function conjugateTable(tense)
		local nameKu = lang:ucfirst(infoTense[tense].nameKu) -- Kurdish name
		local nameEn = lang:ucfirst(infoTense[tense].nameEn) -- English name
		local idName = infoTense[tense].name -- 'tenseRules' name (indPresent, ...)
		local classStem = infoTense[tense].stem -- 'present' or 'past'
		
		-- First, create the table header.
		local tabHeader = '\n! colspan=&quot;2&quot; id=&quot;' .. idName .. '&quot;'
			.. 'class=&quot;' .. classStem .. '-stem tense-table-title&quot; |'
			.. nameKu .. ' - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;-{'.. nameEn ..'}-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
			.. '\n|-'
			.. '\n! class=&quot;negative&quot; | Erênî'
			.. '\n! class=&quot;positive&quot; | Neyînî'
			.. '\n|-'
		
		-- Create the table body.		
        local tabBody = ''
        for _, pers in ipairs(conj.order) do
            tabBody = tabBody .. '\n|' .. infoTense[tense].conj[pers]
                              .. '\n|' .. negInfoTense[tense].conj[pers]
                              .. '\n|-'
        end
		
		-- Create the table (header + body).	
		local tab = '\n{| cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;tense-table&quot;' 
					.. '\n|-'
		            .. tabHeader
		            .. tabBody
		       .. '\n|}'
        return tab
    end

	--Retrieving some parameters for creating the main table header
	local verb = args[1]
    local transitivity = args['form']
    local preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or ''
    local postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or ''
	
	-- Cureyê lêkerê
	local verbStruc =  conj.verbStruct(baseOpts.isCompoundVerb, baseOpts.preSimpleVerb)
	if (verbStruc == 'preverbVerb') then
		verbStruc = 'pêkhatî'
	elseif (verbStruc == 'compoundVerb') then
		verbStruc = 'hevedudanî'
	else
		verbStruc = 'xwerû'
	end

	local prsStemsFormat = {}
	for _, stem in ipairs(presentStems) do
	    if stem then prsStemsFormat[#prsStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
	end
	local pstStemsFormat = {}
	for _, stem in ipairs(pastStems) do
	    if stem then pstStemsFormat[#pstStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
	end
	local prsStems = table.concat(prsStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb
	local pstStems = table.concat(pstStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb


   return
'{| align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;conj-table&quot;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; class=&quot;title&quot; | Tewandina lêkera [[' .. verb .. ']]&lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;(' .. verbStruc .. ', ' .. transitivity .. ')&lt;/span&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;present-stem&quot; | Rehê dema niha'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal; text-align:center; border-bottom:dotted 1px grey;&quot; | ' .. prsStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;past-stem&quot; | Rehê dema borî'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;&quot; | ' .. pstStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;imp&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya fermanî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Imperative&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' 
	.. '\n{| cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;tense-table&quot;'
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;present-stem&quot; style=&quot;border-top:1px dotted grey; border-bottom:1px dotted grey&quot;| '
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n! class=&quot;negative&quot; | Erênî'
		.. '\n! class=&quot;positive&quot; | Neyînî'
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n| &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(tû)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. infoTense.impPresent.conj.s2
		.. '\n| &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(tû)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. negInfoTense.impPresent.conj.s2
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n| &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(hûn)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. infoTense.impPresent.conj.p2
		.. '\n| &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(hûn)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. negInfoTense.impPresent.conj.p2
	..'\n|}'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;ind&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya pêşkerî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Indicative&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPresent')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPreterite')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indImperfect')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuture')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuturePerfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPerfect')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indNwPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;subj&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya xwestekî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Subjunctive&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPresent')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPreterite')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjImperfect')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;cond&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya mercî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conditional&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('condPresent')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('condPreterite')
.. '\n|}'
end

return export</text>
      <sha1>petfa3bniu82hyxlc8wyghvkleb8q6y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>hesab pirsîn</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>642678</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237165</id>
      <parentid>6237160</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T12:41:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kawarizgar1</username>
        <id>14836</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Biwêj */</comment>
      <origin>6237165</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="574" sha1="tahy3jnx8s1i99hpk65lktaar68smf8" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Biwêj ===
{{biwêj|ku}}
# [[doz danîn]], [[dad danîn]] , [[pirs danîn]], [[pirs girêdan]], [[dada tiştekî danîn]], [[dada kesekî danîn]] [[dad danîn kesekî]] , [[doza tiştekî danîn]] , [[doza kesekî danîn]], [[pirs girêdan yekî]] ji bo heyfe yan jî egera dozekê hewl dan
#: Li me hesab dipirsî li navrasta rêyê
#: Tu hesaba kê dipirsî îşev?


==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{heve|ku|hesab|pirsîn}}.

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|tr}}:{{W|tr|hesap sormak|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>tahy3jnx8s1i99hpk65lktaar68smf8</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237166</id>
      <parentid>6237165</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T12:41:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kawarizgar1</username>
        <id>14836</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Biwêj */</comment>
      <origin>6237166</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="575" sha1="t07sog0mkfk6sdsilh60h5kh59bij5f" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Biwêj ===
{{biwêj|ku}}
# [[doz danîn]], [[dad danîn]] , [[pirs danîn]], [[pirs girêdan]], [[dada tiştekî danîn]], [[dada kesekî danîn]], [[dad danîn kesekî]] , [[doza tiştekî danîn]] , [[doza kesekî danîn]], [[pirs girêdan yekî]] ji bo heyfe yan jî egera dozekê hewl dan
#: Li me hesab dipirsî li navrasta rêyê
#: Tu hesaba kê dipirsî îşev?


==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{heve|ku|hesab|pirsîn}}.

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|tr}}:{{W|tr|hesap sormak|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>t07sog0mkfk6sdsilh60h5kh59bij5f</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237182</id>
      <parentid>6237166</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T15:22:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Biwêj */</comment>
      <origin>6237182</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="724" sha1="122tej18pkez5tp1ffr8avp8rugfovc" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Biwêj ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk|pirsîn|form=gerguhêz|niha=pirs|borî=pirsî}}
{{biwêj|ku}}
# [[doz danîn]], [[dad danîn]] , [[pirs danîn]], [[pirs girêdan]], [[dada tiştekî danîn]], [[dada kesekî danîn]], [[dad danîn kesekî]] , [[doza tiştekî danîn]] , [[doza kesekî danîn]], [[pirs girêdan yekî]] ji bo heyfe yan jî egera dozekê hewl dan
#: {{mk|ku|Li me hesab dipirsî li navrasta rêyê.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Tu '''hesaba''' kê '''dipirsî''' îşev?}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}

==== Hevmane ====
* {{g|ku|pirs girê dan}}

==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{heve|ku|hesab|pirsîn}}.

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|tr}}:{{W|tr|hesap sormak}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>122tej18pkez5tp1ffr8avp8rugfovc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237185</id>
      <parentid>6237182</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T15:25:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Werger */</comment>
      <origin>6237185</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="769" sha1="1tm8lrhy4mduio3m4m65rckf61d2wn1" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Biwêj ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk|pirsîn|form=gerguhêz|niha=pirs|borî=pirsî}}
{{biwêj|ku}}
# [[doz danîn]], [[dad danîn]] , [[pirs danîn]], [[pirs girêdan]], [[dada tiştekî danîn]], [[dada kesekî danîn]], [[dad danîn kesekî]] , [[doza tiştekî danîn]] , [[doza kesekî danîn]], [[pirs girêdan yekî]] ji bo heyfe yan jî egera dozekê hewl dan
#: {{mk|ku|Li me hesab dipirsî li navrasta rêyê.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Tu '''hesaba''' kê '''dipirsî''' îşev?}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}

==== Hevmane ====
* {{g|ku|pirs girê dan}}

==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{heve|ku|hesab|pirsîn}}.

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|demander des comptes}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|hesap sormak}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>1tm8lrhy4mduio3m4m65rckf61d2wn1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237186</id>
      <parentid>6237185</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T15:33:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Biwêj */</comment>
      <origin>6237186</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="801" sha1="mnuy19r3z33740n2vpon8j2cqbs4gxx" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk|hesab pirsîn|form=gerguhêz|niha=pirs|borî=pirsî|pêşgir=hesab|valahî=erê}}
{{lêker|ku|c=h-gh|nd=hesabpirsîn}}
# Ji bo [[heyf]]e yan jî egera dozekê [[hewl dan]].
#: {{hevmane|ku|doz danîn|dad danîn|pirs danîn|pirs girêdan|dada tiştekî danîn|dada kesekî danîn|dad danîn kesekî|doza tiştekî danîn|doza kesekî danîn|pirs girêdan yekî}}
#: {{mk|ku|Li me hesab dipirsî li navrasta rêyê.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Tu '''hesaba''' kê '''dipirsî''' îşev?}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}

==== Hevmane ====
* {{g|ku|pirs girê dan}}

==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{heve|ku|hesab|pirsîn}}.

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|demander des comptes}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|hesap sormak}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>mnuy19r3z33740n2vpon8j2cqbs4gxx</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237188</id>
      <parentid>6237186</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T15:36:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Lêker */</comment>
      <origin>6237188</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="757" sha1="nu4i5zv6v8iqhhq41fthyyzjyiuahs6" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk|hesab pirsîn|form=gerguhêz|niha=pirs|borî=pirsî|pêşgir=hesab|valahî=erê}}
{{lêker|ku|c=h-gh|nd=hesabpirsîn}}
# Ji bo [[heyf]]e yan jî egera dozekê [[hewl dan]].
#: {{hevmane|ku|doz danîn|dad danîn|pirs danîn|pirs girê dan|dada tiştekî danîn|dada kesekî danîn|dad danîn kesekî|doza tiştekî danîn|doza kesekî danîn|pirs girêdan yekî}}
#: {{mk|ku|Li me hesab dipirsî li navrasta rêyê.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Tu '''hesaba''' kê '''dipirsî''' îşev?}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}

==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{heve|ku|hesab|pirsîn}}.

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|demander des comptes}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|hesap sormak}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>nu4i5zv6v8iqhhq41fthyyzjyiuahs6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Modul:ku-tewîn-nav</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>652549</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237171</id>
      <parentid>6237121</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T13:24:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>6237171</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="19922" sha1="qsspa13fw48q0jwqc13m42cdhmb39el" xml:space="preserve">local export = {}

-- ==== Ferheng: ===============================================================
    -- Declination (decl.) → Tewandin, tewîn
    -- Definite (def.) → Binavkirî, diyar
    -- Indefinite (indef.) → Nebinavkirî, nediyar
    -- Singular (Sg.) → Yekjimar
    -- Plural (Pl.) → Pirjimar
    -- Masculine (m.) → Nêr (n.)
    -- Feminine. (f.) → Mê (m.)
    -- Case → Rewş, awa
	    -- Nominative (nom.) → Rewşa (awayê) navkî, netewandî, xwerû
	    -- Construct (constr.) → Îzafe, ravek
	    -- Oblique (obl.) → Rewşa (awayê) çemandî (tewandî)
	    -- Demonstrative oblique (demons. obl.) → Rewşa nîşandera çem. 
	    -- Vocative (voc.) → Rewşa bangkirinê
    -- Alternative (alt.) → Guherto
-- =============================================================================

local langKu = require(&quot;Modul:languages&quot;).getByCode(&quot;ku&quot;)
local link = require('Module:links').language_link

local gsub = mw.ustring.gsub
local find = mw.ustring.find

--==============================================================================
--    NAVDÊRÊN HEVEDUDANÎ
-- Di peyvên hevedudanî de (mk. [[hespê avê]] (nêr), [[odeya nivistinê]] (mê)) tenê
-- peyva yekem li gor diyarîtiyê (binavkirî/nebinavkirî)  û li gor hejmarê diguhere.
-- Ew li gor rewşê (navkî, çemandî, îzafe) naguherin: herdem di rewşa îzafeyî de ne.
-- Zayenda peyva hevedudanî, zayenda peyva yekem e ji ber ku li gor wê tê tewandin.
--==============================================================================
function export.declCompoundNoun(noun)
	local decl = {}
	
	local nounTab = mw.text.split(noun, '%s')
	local word1 = nounTab[1]
	local word2 = table.concat(nounTab, ' ', 2)
	
	decl.defSg = noun
	decl.defPl = gsub(word1, '(.)$', 'ên').. ' ' .. word2

	-- The last letter of a singular compound noun determines its gender.
	-- If its  ending is &quot;-a&quot;, the compound noun is feminine;
	-- if it's ending is &quot;-ê&quot;, it's masculine.
	if find(word1, 'a$') then
		decl.gender ='mê'
		decl.indefSg = gsub(word1, '(.)$', 'eke') .. ' ' .. word2
		decl.indefPl = gsub(word1, '(.)$', 'ine') .. ' ' .. word2
	elseif find(word1, 'ê$') then
		decl.gender ='nêr'
		decl.indefSg = gsub(word1, '(.)$', 'ekî') .. ' ' .. word2
		decl.indefPl = gsub(word1, '(.)$', 'ine') .. ' ' .. word2
	else
		return 'Zayenda peyva yekem nayê zanîn!'
	end
	
	return decl
end

--==============================================================================
--    NAVDÊRÊN SADE
--==============================================================================
-- We need this function to create the demons. obl. case (nîşandera çem.)).
-- ex. wê sêvê  (f.) / wî gundî (m.)
local function oblPronoun(gender)
	if gender == 'mê' then return 'wê' end
	if gender == 'nêr' then return 'wî' end
end

-- Function to make endings bold.
local function b(bold)
	return '&lt;b&gt;' .. bold .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
end

-- This function returns an array containing all possible declined forms of
-- the simple noun for every grammatical case (definite/indefinite):
    -- nominative (navkî), construct (îzafe), oblique (çemandî).
    -- The  demons. obl. (nîşandera çem.) and vocative (bangkirin) only exists
    -- in the definite form. 
function export.declSimpleNoun(opts)
	opts = opts or {}
	local noun = opts[1]
	local gender = opts[2] -- 'mê' or 'nêr'
	-- By default, display the standard form of the declension (1)
	-- '2' for the alternative form
	local alt = opts.alt or '1'
	-- By default, the tags are displayed(&lt;br&gt;&lt;/br&gt;, [[..]])..
	-- tags='na' to disable it.
	local tags = opts.tags or 'erê'
	
	local decl = {}
	
	decl.defNomSg = noun
	decl.defNomPl = noun
	
	if (find(noun, '[bcçdfghjklmnpqrsştvwxyz]$')) then
		if (gender == 'nêr') then
	        decl.defConstrSg = noun .. b('ê')
	        decl.defConstrPl = noun .. b('ên')
	        decl.defOblSg = noun .. b('î')
	        decl.defOblPl = noun .. b('an')
	        decl.indefNomSg = noun .. b('ek')
	        decl.indefNomPl = noun .. b('in')
	        decl.indefConstrSg = noun .. b('ekî')
	        decl.indefConstrPl = noun .. b('ine')
	        decl.indefOblSg = noun .. b('ekî')
	        decl.indefOblPl = noun .. b('inan')
	        decl.vocSg = noun .. b('o')
	        decl.vocPl = noun .. b('ino')
	        
	    elseif (gender == 'mê') then
	        decl.defConstrSg = noun .. b('a')
	        decl.defConstrPl = noun .. b('ên')
	        decl.defOblSg = noun .. b('ê')
	        decl.defOblPl = noun .. b('an')
	        decl.indefNomSg = noun .. b('ek')
	        decl.indefNomPl = noun .. b('in')
	        decl.indefConstrSg = noun .. b('eke')
	        decl.indefConstrPl = noun .. b('ine')
	        decl.indefOblSg = noun .. b('ekê')
	        decl.indefOblPl = noun .. b('inan')
	        decl.vocSg = noun .. b('ê')
	        decl.vocPl = noun .. b('ino')
	    end

    elseif (find(noun, '[êiîouû]$') and alt == '2') then
    	if (gender == 'nêr') then
	        decl.defConstrSg = noun .. b('yê')
	        decl.defConstrPl = noun .. b('yên')
	        if (find(noun, '[î]$')) then
	        	decl.defOblSg = noun
	        else
	        	decl.defOblSg = noun .. b('yî')
	        end
	        decl.defOblPl = noun .. b('yan')
	        decl.indefNomSg = noun .. b('yek')
	        decl.indefNomPl = noun .. b('yin')
	        decl.indefConstrSg = noun .. b('yekî')
	        decl.indefConstrPl = noun .. b('yine')
	        decl.indefOblSg = noun .. b('yekî')
	        decl.indefOblPl = noun .. b('yinan')
	        decl.vocSg = noun .. b('yo')
	        decl.vocPl = noun .. b('yino')
	        
	    elseif (gender == 'mê') then
	        decl.defConstrSg = noun .. b('ya')
	        decl.defConstrPl = noun .. b('yên')
	        if (find(noun, '[ê]$')) then
	        	decl.defOblSg = noun
	        else
	        	decl.defOblSg = noun .. b('yê')
	        end
	        decl.defOblPl = noun .. b('yan')
	        decl.indefNomSg = noun .. b('yek')
	        decl.indefNomPl = noun .. b('yin')
	        decl.indefConstrSg = noun .. b('yeke')
	        decl.indefConstrPl = noun .. b('yine')
	        decl.indefOblSg = noun .. b('yekê')
	        decl.indefOblPl = noun .. b('yinan')
	        decl.vocSg = noun .. b('yê')
	        decl.vocPl = noun .. b('yino')
	    end
	    
    elseif (find(noun, '[ae]$') and alt == '2') then
        if (gender == 'nêr') then
	        decl.defConstrSg = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('ê'))
	        decl.defConstrPl = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('ên'))
	        decl.defOblSg = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('î'))
	        decl.defOblPl = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('an'))
	        decl.indefNomSg = gsub(noun, '(.)$', 'e' .. b('k'))
	        decl.indefNomPl = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('in'))
	        decl.indefConstrSg = gsub(noun, '(.)$', 'e' .. b('kî'))
	        decl.indefConstrPl = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('ine'))
	        decl.indefOblSg = gsub(noun, '(.)$', 'e' .. b('kî'))
	        decl.indefOblPl = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('inan'))
	        decl.vocSg = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('o'))
	        decl.vocPl = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('ino'))
	        
	    elseif (gender == 'mê') then
	        decl.defConstrSg = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('a'))
	        decl.defConstrPl = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('ên'))
	        decl.defOblSg = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('ê'))
	        decl.defOblPl = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('an'))
	        decl.indefNomSg = gsub(noun, '(.)$', 'e' .. b('k'))
	        decl.indefNomPl = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('in'))
	        decl.indefConstrSg = gsub(noun, '(.)$', 'e' .. b('ke'))
	        decl.indefConstrPl = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('ine'))
	        decl.indefOblSg = gsub(noun, '(.)$', 'e' .. b('kê'))
	        decl.indefOblPl = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('inan'))
	        decl.vocSg = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('ê'))
	        decl.vocPl = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('ino'))
	    end
	    
    elseif (find(noun, '[aeîouû]$')) then
        if (gender == 'nêr') then
	        decl.defConstrSg = noun .. b('yê')
	        decl.defConstrPl = noun .. b('yên')
	        if (find(noun, '[î]$')) then
	        	decl.defOblSg = noun
	        else
	        	decl.defOblSg = noun .. b('yî')
	        end
	        decl.defOblPl = noun .. b('yan')
	        decl.indefNomSg = noun .. b('yek')
	        decl.indefNomPl = noun .. b('yin')
	        decl.indefConstrSg = noun .. b('yekî')
	        decl.indefConstrPl = noun .. b('yine')
	        decl.indefOblSg = noun .. b('yekî')
	        decl.indefOblPl = noun .. b('yinan')
	        decl.vocSg = noun .. b('yo')
	        decl.vocPl = noun .. b('yino')
	        
	    elseif (gender == 'mê') then
	        decl.defConstrSg = noun .. b('ya')
	        decl.defConstrPl = noun .. b('yên')
	        decl.defOblSg = noun .. b('yê')
	        decl.defOblPl = noun .. b('yan')
	        decl.indefNomSg = noun .. b('yek')
	        decl.indefNomPl = noun .. b('yin')
	        decl.indefConstrSg = noun .. b('yeke')
	        decl.indefConstrPl = noun .. b('yine')
	        decl.indefOblSg = noun .. b('yekê')
	        decl.indefOblPl = noun .. b('yinan')
	        decl.vocSg = noun .. b('yê')
	        decl.vocPl = noun .. b('yino')
	    end
   	
    elseif (find(noun, '[ê]$')) then
        if (gender == 'nêr') then
	        decl.defConstrSg = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('iyê'))
	        decl.defConstrPl = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('iyên'))
	        decl.defOblSg = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('iyî'))
	        decl.defOblPl = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('iyan'))
	        decl.indefNomSg = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('iyek'))
	        decl.indefNomPl = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('iyin'))
	        decl.indefConstrSg = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('iyekî'))
	        decl.indefConstrPl = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('iyine'))
	        decl.indefOblSg = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('iyekî'))
	        decl.indefOblPl = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('iyinan'))
	        decl.vocSg = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('iyo'))
	        decl.vocPl = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('iyino'))
	        
	    elseif (gender == 'mê') then
	        decl.defConstrSg = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('iya'))
	        decl.defConstrPl = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('iyên'))
	        if (find(noun, '[ê]$')) then
	        	decl.defOblSg = noun
	        else
	        	decl.defOblSg = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('iyê'))
	        end
	        decl.defOblPl = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('iyan'))
	        decl.indefNomSg = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('iyek'))
	        decl.indefNomPl = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('iyin'))
	        decl.indefConstrSg = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('iyeke'))
	        decl.indefConstrPl = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('iyine'))
	        decl.indefOblSg = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('iyekê'))
	        decl.indefOblPl = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('iyinan'))
	        decl.vocSg = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('iyê'))
	        decl.vocPl = gsub(noun, '(.)$', b('iyino'))
	    end
	end

	-- Spelling correction (îy → iy) + link
	for i, v in pairs(decl) do
		if (tags == 'na') then
			decl[i] = mw.ustring.gsub(decl[i], '&lt;b&gt;(.+)&lt;/b&gt;', '%1')
			decl[i] = gsub(decl[i], 'îy', 'iy')
		else
			decl[i] = gsub(decl[i], 'î&lt;b&gt;y', '&lt;b&gt;iy')
			decl[i] = link{term=decl[i], lang=langKu}
		end
	end

	-- Zêdekirina cînavên wê/wî/wan ji bo nîşandera çemandî.
	decl.defDemonsOblSg = oblPronoun(gender) .. ' ' .. decl.defOblSg
	decl.defDemonsOblPl =  'wan ' .. decl.defOblPl
	
	return  decl
end
--==============================================================================
--                                  DAWÎ
--==============================================================================
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- ÇÊKIRINA TABLOYA GOTARÊ: [[Şablon:ku-tewîn-nav]]
-- Bnr. [[sêv]], [[gund]], [[bajar]], [[rê]]
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
local function genderTable(gender)
 	if (gender == 'nêr') then return ' Zayenda nêr a'
 	elseif  (gender == 'mê') then return ' Zayenda mê ya'
    end
end

local function formsTab(forms, sep)
	forms = mw.text.split(forms, ';')
	
	for i, v in ipairs(forms) do
		forms[i] = v
	end
	
	if sep then
		sep = sep
	else
		sep = ', '
	end
	
	return table.concat(forms, sep)
end

function export.tewandin(frame)
   local args = frame:getParent().args
   local noun = args[1]
   local gender = args[2]
   local singular = args[3]
   local alt = args['guherto']
   -- Parametre ji bo formên ne standard
   local vocSg = args['bang_y']
   local vocPl = args['bang_p']
   local defOblSg = args['çemandî_y']
   local defOblPl = args['çemandî_p']
      
   local declMNtab = require('Modul:ku-tewîn-nav/mê û nêr').declMNtable
   local declSingularTab = require('Modul:ku-tewîn-nav/yekjimar').declSingularTable

   if (gender == 'mê û nêr') then
       return declMNtab(noun, alt)
   elseif (singular == 'y') then
       return declSingularTab(noun, gender, alt)
   elseif gender == '-' then
	   local flexTab = export.declCompoundNoun(noun, gender)
       return 
  '{| class=&quot;wikitable tablo-flip tewandin-tablo mw-collapsible'
   ..'\n|-'
   ..'\n! colspan=&quot;3&quot; class=&quot;tewandin-header2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | Tewandin: zayenda ' .. flexTab['gender'] .. ' &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'
   ..'\n|-'
   ..'\n! class=&quot;row-flip tewandin-header3&quot; | Rewş'
   ..'\n! class=&quot;tewandin-header3&quot; | Yekjimar'
   ..'\n! class=&quot;tewandin-header3&quot; | Pirjimar'
   ..'\n|-'
   ..'\n! class=&quot;row-flip tewandin-rez&quot;| Binavkirî'
   ..'\n|' .. link{lang=langKu, term=flexTab[&quot;defSg&quot;]}
   ..'\n|' .. link{lang=langKu, term=flexTab[&quot;defPl&quot;]}
   ..'\n|-'
   ..'\n! class=&quot;row-flip tewandin-rez&quot; | Nebinavkirî'
   ..'\n|' .. link{lang=langKu, term=flexTab[&quot;indefSg&quot;]}
   ..'\n|' .. link{lang=langKu, term=flexTab[&quot;indefPl&quot;]}
   ..'\n|-'
   ..'\n| colspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;font-size:x-small;&quot; | &lt;b style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;Agahdarî&lt;/b&gt;: Di peyvên &lt;u&gt;hevedudanî&lt;/u&gt; de tenê peyva&lt;br&gt;yekem li gor diyarîtiyê  û li gor hejmarê diguhere.'
   ..'\n|}'
   else
	   local flexTabAlt1 = export.declSimpleNoun{noun, gender, alt='1'}
	   local flexTabAlt2 = export.declSimpleNoun{noun, gender, alt='2'}
	   -- Formên &quot;Nîşandera çemandî&quot; li gorî formên çemandî yên standard tên çêkirin:
	   -- Bo mînak &quot;wî bajarî&quot; rast e feqet &quot;wî bajêr&quot; nayê bikaranîn
	   -- Binêre gotûbêja [[Wîkîferheng:Dîwan/2023#dayê/diyê]]
	   if vocSg then 
	   		flexTabAlt1[&quot;vocSg&quot;]  = formsTab(args['bang_y'])
	   		flexTabAlt2[&quot;vocSg&quot;]  = formsTab(args['bang_y'])
	   end
	   if vocPl then 
	   		flexTabAlt1[&quot;vocPl&quot;] = formsTab(args['bang_p'])
	   		flexTabAlt2[&quot;vocPl&quot;] = formsTab(args['bang_p'])
	   end
	   if defOblSg then
	   		flexTabAlt1[&quot;defOblSg&quot;] = formsTab(args['çemandî_y'])
	   		flexTabAlt2[&quot;defOblSg&quot;] = formsTab(args['çemandî_y'])
	   end
	   if defOblPl then
	   		flexTabAlt1[&quot;defOblPl&quot;] = formsTab(args['çemandî_p'])
	   		flexTabAlt2[&quot;defOblPl&quot;] = formsTab(args['çemandî_p'])
	   end
	   
	   local function flexTab(case)
	       if alt == 'hemû' then
	           if (vocSg ~= nil or vocPl ~= nil or defOblSg ~= nil or defOblPl ~= nil) then
	               return flexTabAlt1[case]
	           else
	               return flexTabAlt1[case] .. '&lt;br&gt;' .. flexTabAlt2[case]
	           end
	       elseif alt == '2' then
	           return flexTabAlt2[case]
	       else
	           return flexTabAlt1[case]
	       end
	   end
   
       return 
  '{| class=&quot;wikitable tablo-flip tewandin-tablo mw-collapsible&quot;'
   ..'\n|-'
   ..'\n! colspan=&quot;3&quot; class=&quot;row-flip tewandin-header&quot;| Tewandina &lt;i&gt;' .. noun .. '&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'
   ..'\n|-'
   ..'\n! colspan=&quot;3&quot; class=&quot;tewandin-header2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |' .. genderTable(gender) .. ' binavkirî'
   ..'\n|-'
   ..'\n! class=&quot;row-flip tewandin-header3&quot; | Rewş'
   ..'\n! class=&quot;tewandin-header3&quot; | Yekjimar'
   ..'\n! class=&quot;tewandin-header3&quot; | Pirjimar'
   ..'\n|-'
   ..'\n! class=&quot;row-flip tewandin-rez&quot; | Navkî'
   ..'\n|' .. flexTabAlt1[&quot;defNomSg&quot;]
   ..'\n|' .. flexTabAlt1[&quot;defNomPl&quot;]
   ..'\n|-'
   ..'\n! class=&quot;row-flip tewandin-rez&quot; | Îzafe'
   ..'\n|' .. flexTab(&quot;defConstrSg&quot;)
   ..'\n|' .. flexTab(&quot;defConstrPl&quot;)
   ..'\n|-'
   ..'\n! class=&quot;row-flip tewandin-rez&quot; | Çemandî'
   ..'\n|' .. flexTab(&quot;defOblSg&quot;)
   ..'\n|' .. flexTab(&quot;defOblPl&quot;)
   ..'\n|-'
   ..'\n! class=&quot;row-flip tewandin-rez&quot; | Nîşandera çem.'
   ..'\n|' .. 	flexTab(&quot;defDemonsOblSg&quot;)
   ..'\n|' .. 	flexTab(&quot;defDemonsOblPl&quot;)
   ..'\n|-'
   ..'\n! class=&quot;row-flip tewandin-rez&quot; | Bangkirin'
   ..'\n|' .. flexTab(&quot;vocSg&quot;)
   ..'\n|' .. flexTab(&quot;vocPl&quot;)
   ..'\n|-'
   ..'\n! colspan=&quot;3&quot; class=&quot;tewandin-header2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |' .. genderTable(gender) .. ' nebinavkirî'
   ..'\n|-'
   ..'\n! class=&quot;row-flip tewandin-header3&quot; | Rewş'
   ..'\n! class=&quot;tewandin-header3&quot; | Yekjimar'
   ..'\n! class=&quot;tewandin-header3&quot; | Pirjimar'
   ..'\n|-'
   ..'\n! class=&quot;row-flip tewandin-rez&quot; | Navkî'
   ..'\n|' .. flexTab(&quot;indefNomSg&quot;)
   ..'\n|' .. flexTab(&quot;indefNomPl&quot;)
   ..'\n|-'
   ..'\n! class=&quot;row-flip tewandin-rez&quot; | Îzafe'
   ..'\n|' .. flexTab(&quot;indefConstrSg&quot;)
   ..'\n|' .. flexTab(&quot;indefConstrPl&quot;)
   ..'\n|-'
   ..'\n! class=&quot;row-flip tewandin-rez&quot; | Çemandî'
   ..'\n|' .. flexTab(&quot;indefOblSg&quot;)
   ..'\n|' .. flexTab(&quot;indefOblPl&quot;)
   ..'\n|}'
      end   
end

-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Bikaranîn, mk.:
-- 1. {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|pos=indefOblSg}}
-- 2. {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|nêr|pos=indefConstrSg}}
-- Ji bo tabloyên formên navdêran: [[Şablon:ku-tewîn-navForm]]
-- Bnr. [[sêva]], [[sêvê]], [[hevala]], [[hevalê]]
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
function export.tew(frame)
   local args = frame:getParent().args
   local noun = args[1]
   local gender = frame.args[1] or args[2]
   local alt = args['guherto']
   local case = frame.args['rewş']   
	
   if alt == 'hemû' then
      	local tew_hemu = export.declSimpleNoun{noun, gender, alt='1'}[case] .. '&lt;br&gt;' .. export.declSimpleNoun{noun, gender, alt='2'}[case]
      	return tew_hemu
   else
      return export.declSimpleNoun{noun, gender, alt=alt}[case]
   end
end

-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- Get comma separated forms
-- Bnr. [[MediaWiki:Gadget-QQ.js]]
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
function export.get_comma_separated_forms(frame)
   local noun = frame.args[1]
   local gender = frame.args[2]
   
   local declResults
   local declResults2
   local forms = {}

   if gender == &quot;mê û nêr&quot; then
   		declResults = export.declSimpleNoun{noun, 'nêr', tags='na'}
   		declResults2 = export.declSimpleNoun{noun, 'mê', tags='na'}
    	for k, v in pairs(declResults2) do
			table.insert(forms, v)
    	end
   	else
   		declResults = export.declSimpleNoun{noun, gender, tags='na'}
   	end

	for k, v in pairs(declResults) do
		table.insert(forms, v)
	end
	
	-- Remove duplicate elements
	local newForms = {}
	local checkForms = {}
	
	for _, v in ipairs(forms) do
		if not checkForms[v] then
			checkForms[v] = true
			table.insert(newForms, v)
		end
	end
	
	return table.concat(newForms, ',') 
end

return export</text>
      <sha1>qsspa13fw48q0jwqc13m42cdhmb39el</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Şablon:ku-tewîn-navForm</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>652809</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237172</id>
      <parentid>6237120</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T13:24:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>6237172</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5746" sha1="d0ymuxe52okckupzl0709klrot1gxun" xml:space="preserve">&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Şablon:ku-tewîn/style.css&quot;/&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable tablo-flip tewandin-tablo&quot; style=&quot; width:250px;&quot;
|-
! colspan=&quot;{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|mê û nêr|5|3}}&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=float:left&gt;{{#if:{{{wate|}}}|({{{wate}}})|}}&lt;/span&gt; {{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|mê û nêr|Zayendên|Zayenda}} {{{2}}}  {{#if:{{{4|}}}|{{#switch:{{{2}}}|nêr=a|mê=ya|mê û nêr=ên}} {{{4|}}}|}}
|-
! class=&quot;align-left-flip tewandin-header3&quot; | Rewş
! class=&quot;tewandin-header3&quot; | {{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|mê û nêr|Mê|Yekjimar}}
! class=&quot;tewandin-header3&quot;  | {{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|mê û nêr|Nêr|Pirjimar}}
{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|mê û nêr|
! class=&quot;tewandin-header3&quot;  {{!}} Pirjimar
}}
|-
! class=&quot;align-left-flip tewandin-rez&quot; | [[{{#invoke:string|gsub|{{{3}}}|(%w+)(-*)(%w*)(-*)(%w*)|%1}}|{{ucfirst:{{#invoke:string|gsub|{{{3}}}|(%w+)(-*)(%w*)(-*)(%w*)|%1}}}}]]
{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:string|gsub|{{{3}}}|(%w+)(-*)(%w*)(-*)(%w*)|%1}}-{{{4}}}|navkî-binavkirî|
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|rewş=defNomSg}}
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|rewş=defNomPl}}
}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:string|gsub|{{{3}}}|(%w+)(-*)(%w*)(-*)(%w*)|%1}}|bangkirin|
{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|mê û nêr|
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|mê|rewş=vocSg}}
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|nêr|rewş=vocSg}}
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|nêr|rewş=vocPl}} 
|
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|rewş=vocSg}}
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|rewş=vocPl}}
}}
}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:string|gsub|{{{3}}}|(%w+)(-*)(%w*)(-*)(%w*)|%1}}-{{{4}}}|navkî-nebinavkirî|
{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|mê û nêr|
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|mê|rewş=indefNomSg}}
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|nêr|rewş=indefNomSg}}
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|nêr|rewş=indefNomPl}} 
|
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|rewş=indefNomSg}}
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|rewş=indefNomPl}}
}}
}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:string|gsub|{{{3}}}|(%w+)(-*)(%w*)(-*)(%w*)|%1}}-{{{4}}}|îzafe-binavkirî|
{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|mê û nêr|
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|mê|rewş=defConstrSg}}
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|nêr|rewş=defConstrSg}}
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|nêr|rewş=defConstrPl}} 
|
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|rewş=defConstrSg}}
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|rewş=defConstrPl}}
}}
}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:string|gsub|{{{3}}}|(%w+)(-*)(%w*)(-*)(%w*)|%1}}-{{{4}}}|îzafe-nebinavkirî|
{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|mê û nêr|
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|mê|rewş=indefConstrSg}}
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|nêr|rewş=indefConstrSg}}
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|nêr|rewş=indefConstrPl}} 
|
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|rewş=indefConstrSg}}
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|rewş=indefConstrPl}}
}}
}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:string|gsub|{{{3}}}|(%w+)(-*)(%w*)(-*)(%w*)|%1}}-{{{4}}}|çemandî-binavkirî|
{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|mê û nêr|
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|mê|rewş=defOblSg}}
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|nêr|rewş=defOblSg}}
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|nêr|rewş=defOblPl}} 
|
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|rewş=defOblSg}}
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|rewş=defOblPl}}
}}
}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:string|gsub|{{{3}}}|(%w+)(-*)(%w*)(-*)(%w*)|%1}}-{{{4}}}|çemandî-nebinavkirî|
{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|mê û nêr|
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|mê|rewş=indefOblSg}}
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|nêr|rewş=indefOblSg}}
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|nêr|rewş=indefOblPl}} 
|
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|rewş=indefOblSg}}
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|rewş=indefOblPl}}
}}
}}
|-
&lt;!----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--&gt;{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:string|gsub|{{{3}}}|(%w+)(-*)(%w*)(-*)(%w*)|%3}}|çemandî|
! class=&quot;align-left-flip tewandin-rez&quot; {{!}} [[çemandî|Çemandî]]
{{#switch:{{{2|}}}-{{{4}}}
|mê û nêr-binavkirî=
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|mê|rewş=defOblSg}}
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|nêr|rewş=defOblSg}}
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|nêr|rewş=defOblPl}} 
|mê-binavkirî|nêr-binavkirî=
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|rewş=defOblSg}}
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|rewş=defOblPl}}
|mê û nêr-nebinavkirî=
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|mê|rewş=indefOblSg}}
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|nêr|rewş=indefOblSg}}
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|nêr|rewş=indefOblPl}} 
|mê-nebinavkirî|nêr-nebinavkirî=
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|rewş=indefOblSg}}
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|rewş=indefOblPl}}
}}
}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:string|gsub|{{{3}}}|(%w+)(-*)(%w*)(-*)(%w*)|%3}}-{{{4}}}|bangkirin-binavkirî|
! class=&quot;align-left-flip tewandin-rez&quot; {{!}} [[bangkirin|Bangkirin]]
{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|mê û nêr|
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|mê|rewş=vocSg}}
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|nêr|rewş=vocSg}}
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|nêr|rewş=vocPl}}
|
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|rewş=vocSg}}
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|rewş=vocPl}}
}}
}}
|-
&lt;!----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--&gt;{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:string|gsub|{{{3}}}|(%w+)(-*)(%w*)(-*)(%w*)|%5}}-{{{4}}}|bangkirin-binavkirî|
! class=&quot;align-left-flip tewandin-rez&quot; {{!}} [[bangkirin|Bankirin]]
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|mê|rewş=vocSg}}
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|nêr|rewş=vocSg}}
{{!}} {{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|tew|nêr|rewş=vocPl}}
}}
|}{{#ifeq:{{{îp|}}}|1|[[Kategorî:ku-tew-nav-îp]]}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{belgekirin}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>d0ymuxe52okckupzl0709klrot1gxun</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Şablon:ku-tewîn-reh</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>670877</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237203</id>
      <parentid>6237040</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T16:24:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>6237203</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2508" sha1="q86ecplhnvvwhdw4a8m6ke8erzc1lot" xml:space="preserve">&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Şablon:ku-tewîn/style.css&quot;/&gt;
&lt;includeonly&gt;{| class=&quot;wikitable tablo-flip tewandin-tablo&quot; style=&quot;max-width:250px&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | Lêkera {{#switch:{{{form|?}}}|gh=gerguhêz|ngh=negerguhêz|{{{form}}} }}
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFE0&quot; | Rehê{{#if:{{{niha2|}}}|n}} niha
| style=&quot;padding:0.5em&quot; | {{#if:{{{pêşgir|}}}|&amp;nbsp;{{{pêşgir}}}}}[[-{{{niha}}}-]]{{#if:{{{dn|}}}|&amp;nbsp;&lt;small&gt;({{{dn}}})&lt;/small&gt;}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{niha2|}}}|&lt;br&gt;{{#if:{{{pêşgir|}}}|&amp;nbsp;{{{pêşgir}}}}}[[-{{{niha2}}}-]]{{#if:{{{dn2|}}}|&amp;nbsp;&lt;small&gt;({{{dn2}}})&lt;/small&gt;}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{niha3|}}}|&lt;br&gt;{{#if:{{{pêşgir|}}}|&amp;nbsp;{{{pêşgir}}}}}[[-{{{niha3}}}-]]{{#if:{{{dn3|}}}|&amp;nbsp;&lt;small&gt;({{{dn3}}})&lt;/small&gt;}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{niha4|}}}|&lt;br&gt;{{#if:{{{pêşgir|}}}|&amp;nbsp;{{{pêşgir}}}}}[[-{{{niha4}}}-]]{{#if:{{{dn4|}}}|&amp;nbsp;&lt;small&gt;({{{dn4}}})&lt;/small&gt;}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{niha5|}}}|&lt;br&gt;{{#if:{{{pêşgir|}}}|&amp;nbsp;{{{pêşgir}}}}}[[-{{{niha5}}}-]]{{#if:{{{dn5|}}}|&amp;nbsp;&lt;small&gt;({{{dn5}}})&lt;/small&gt;}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{niha6|}}}|&lt;br&gt;{{#if:{{{pêşgir|}}}|&amp;nbsp;{{{pêşgir}}}}}[[-{{{niha6}}}-]]{{#if:{{{dn6|}}}|&amp;nbsp;&lt;small&gt;({{{dn6}}})&lt;/small&gt;}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{niha7|}}}|&lt;br&gt;{{#if:{{{pêşgir|}}}|&amp;nbsp;{{{pêşgir}}}}}[[-{{{niha7}}}-]]{{#if:{{{dn7|}}}|&amp;nbsp;&lt;small&gt;({{{dn7}}})&lt;/small&gt;}}}}

|- 
| bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFE0&quot; | Rehê{{#if:{{{borî2|}}}|n}} borî
| style=&quot;padding:0.5em&quot; | {{#if:{{{pêşgir|}}}|&amp;nbsp;{{{pêşgir}}}}}[[-{{{borî}}}-]]{{#if:{{{db|}}}|&amp;nbsp;&lt;small&gt;({{{db}}})&lt;/small&gt;}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{borî2|}}}|&lt;br&gt;{{#if:{{{pêşgir|}}}|&amp;nbsp;{{{pêşgir}}}}}[[-{{{borî2}}}-]]{{#if:{{{db2|}}}|&amp;nbsp;&lt;small&gt;({{{db2}}})&lt;/small&gt;}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{borî3|}}}|&lt;br&gt;{{#if:{{{pêşgir|}}}|&amp;nbsp;{{{pêşgir}}}}}[[-{{{borî3}}}-]]{{#if:{{{db3|}}}|&amp;nbsp;&lt;small&gt;({{{db3}}})&lt;/small&gt;}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{borî4|}}}|&lt;br&gt;{{#if:{{{pêşgir|}}}|&amp;nbsp;{{{pêşgir}}}}}[[-{{{borî4}}}-]]{{#if:{{{db4|}}}|&amp;nbsp;&lt;small&gt;({{{db4}}})&lt;/small&gt;}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{borî5|}}}|&lt;br&gt;{{#if:{{{pêşgir|}}}|&amp;nbsp;{{{pêşgir}}}}}[[-{{{borî5}}}-]]{{#if:{{{db5|}}}|&amp;nbsp;&lt;small&gt;({{{db5}}})&lt;/small&gt;}}}}

|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;blue-link&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; background-color:#transparent; font-size:87%;&quot; | [[Wêne:1rightarrow.png|15px|link=]] {{#if:{{{lînk|}}}|[[Tewandin:{{{lînk}}}|Tewandin:{{PAGENAME}}]]|{{#if:{{{tewandinên din|}}}|&lt;b&gt;[[Tewandin:{{{tewandinên din}}}|TEWANDINA LÊKERÊ]]&lt;/b&gt;|&lt;b&gt;[[Tewandin:{{PAGENAME}}|TEWANDINA LÊKERÊ]]&lt;/b&gt;}}}}

|}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{belgekirin}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>q86ecplhnvvwhdw4a8m6ke8erzc1lot</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>A vitamini</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>853033</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237174</id>
      <parentid>4604411</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T14:03:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kawarizgar1</username>
        <id>14836</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Navdêr */</comment>
      <origin>6237174</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="139" sha1="ggh46ltcz9p5fmloaj1u04ykmknnvio" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|tr}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-tîp|A vîtamînî}}

=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|tr}}
# [[vîtamîn A]]
# [[vîtamîna Ayê]]</text>
      <sha1>ggh46ltcz9p5fmloaj1u04ykmknnvio</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Şablon:ku-tewîn/style.css</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>1324902</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237211</id>
      <parentid>6236918</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T16:32:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>6237211</origin>
      <model>sanitized-css</model>
      <format>text/css</format>
      <text bytes="1272" sha1="htj2qv7bi6pr3g8zhs0b7axhu2a5oof" xml:space="preserve">/*
Bikaranîn:
[[Şablon:ku-tewîn-nav]]
[[Şablon:ku-tewîn-navForm]]
[[Şablon:ku-tewîn-lk]]
[[Şablon:ku-tewîn-reh]]
*/

.tewandin-tablo {
    /* margin: 0.5em 0 0.5em 0.5em;*/ /*Bnr. [[MediaWiki:Gadget-Site.css]] */
    background-color: white;
}

.tewandin-tablo td:not(.blue-link) a.new {
    color: inherit;
    text-decoration: none;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.tewandin-header {
    background-color: #f8f9fa;
}

.tewandin-header2 {
    background-color: #eaecf0;
}

.tewandin-header3 {
    background-color: #FFFFE0;
}

.tewandin-rez {
    background-color: #f8f9fa;
}


/* Dark mode */
html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .tewandin-tablo {
 background-color: #101418;
}

html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .tewandin-header {
	background-color: #202122;
	color: white;
}

html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .tewandin-header2 {
	background-color: #27292d;
	color: white;
}

html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .tewandin-header3 {
	background-color: #24241a;
	color: white;
}

html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .tewandin-rez {
	background-color: #202122;
	color: white;
}

html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .tewandin-tablo td {
	background-color: #101418;
	color: white;
}

/***** Mobîl *****/
@media screen and ( max-width: 748px ) {
	.tewandin-tablo {
		display: table;
	}
}</text>
      <sha1>htj2qv7bi6pr3g8zhs0b7axhu2a5oof</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>1325207</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237225</id>
      <parentid>6237080</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T23:19:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>6237225</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="8288" sha1="5cnfthor4obwr5ng40tq98wvpsfcjh6" xml:space="preserve">-- [[Wîkîferheng:ceribandin]]
-- [[Template:ku-tewandin/ceribandin]]
-- [[Template:ku-tewandin/ceribandin/style.css]]

local conj = require('Modul:ku-tewandin/ceribandin')

local export = {}

function export.tablo(frame)
    local args = frame:getParent().args

    local baseOpts = {
        isTransitive   = false,
        isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = args['pêşgir'] or '',
        postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or '',
        overrideBi     = args['bi'] or nil,
        overrideDi     = args['di'] or nil,
        overrideNa     = args['na'] or nil,
        overrideNe     = args['ne'] or nil,
        impNegForm     = nil,
		addPreverbParticles = 'na' -- Remove preverb particles (ê/dê)
    }
	
    local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
    local pastStems    = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}

	local transitivity = args['form']
    if (transitivity ~= 'gerguhêz' and transitivity ~= 'negerguhêz') then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;form = gerghuhêz / negerguhêz&lt;/span&gt;'
    end
	
    if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
    else
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
    end

    -- Conjugation table in all tenses
	local concatPrs = false
    local conjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, 'positive', concatPrs)
    -- Negatives conjugations table
    local negConjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, 'negative', concatPrs)

    -- Construction of conjugation table whose dimensions change depending on
    -- whether it is a transitive verb or not; and whether there is a preverbParticle (yes or no).
	-- First, we create the table header, then the body (content).
	local function tenseTableHeader(tense)
		local tabHeader = function(col)
			local header = '\n! id=&quot;' .. conjTab[tense].name .. '&quot;'
			           .. 'class=&quot;' .. conjTab[tense].stem .. '-stem tense-table-title&quot; colspan=&quot;'.. col .. '&quot; |'
			           .. conjTab[tense].nameKu
			           .. '- &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;-{'.. conjTab[tense].nameEn ..'}-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
			           .. '\n|-'
			return header
	    end

		local preverbParticle = ''
		local tabH = tabHeader(4)
		
		if conjTab[tense].preverbParticle == &quot;ê&quot; then
			tabH = tabHeader(5)
			preverbParticle = '\n! class=&quot;agent-title&quot; | '
						
		end
		
		local tenseHeader =  tabHeader(2)
		                     .. '\n! class=&quot;negative&quot; | Erênî'
	                          ..'\n! class=&quot;positive&quot; | Neyînî'
		                     .. '\n|-'
		
	    if (conjTab[tense].stem == &quot;past&quot; and transitivity == &quot;gerguhêz&quot;) then
			tenseHeader = tabH
			               .. '\n! class=&quot;agent-title&quot; | Biker &lt;span class=&quot;toggle-width&quot;&gt;zêde &lt;span class=&quot;arrow&quot;&gt;›&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'
	                        .. preverbParticle
	                        .. '\n! class=&quot;object-title&quot;  | Berkar'
	                        .. '\n! class=&quot;negative&quot;      | Erênî'
	                        .. '\n! class=&quot;positive&quot;      | Neyînî'
			               ..  '\n|-'
		end
		return tenseHeader
	end
	
	local function tenseTableBody(tense, pers)
		local preverbParticules = conj.getPreverbParticules(conjTab[tense].preverbParticle, 
															conjTab[tense].stem, false)

		local bila = ''
		if conjTab[tense].mode == &quot;subjunctive&quot; then
			bila = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(bila) &lt;/span&gt;'
		end
		
		local preverbParticle = ''
		if conjTab[tense].preverbParticle == &quot;ê&quot; then
			preverbParticle = '\n| class=&quot;particle&quot; | (y)ê/dê'
		end
		
		local body = '\n|' .. bila .. conj.pronouns[pers] .. ' ' .. preverbParticules[pers] .. ' ' .. conjTab[tense].conj[pers]
				  .. '\n|' .. bila .. conj.pronouns[pers] .. ' ' .. preverbParticules[pers] .. ' ' .. negConjTab[tense].conj[pers]
				  .. '\n|-'
		
		if (conjTab[tense].stem == &quot;past&quot; and transitivity == &quot;gerguhêz&quot;) then
			body = '\n| class=&quot;agent&quot;   |' .. bila .. conj.agents[pers]
				   .. preverbParticle
				   .. '\n| class=&quot;object&quot;  |' .. conj.pronouns[pers]
				   .. '\n|' .. conjTab[tense].conj[pers]
				   .. '\n|' .. negConjTab[tense].conj[pers]
				   .. '\n|-'
		end
		
		return body
	end
	
    -- Construction of the conjugation table for a given tense: the header
	-- and the body are combined.
    local function conjugateTable(tense)
        local tenseBody = ''
        local tenseHeader = tenseTableHeader(tense)
		
        for _, pers in ipairs(conj.order) do
           tenseBody = tenseBody .. tenseTableBody(tense, pers)
        end
		local tab = '\n{| cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;tense-table&quot;' 
					.. '\n|-'
		            .. tenseHeader
		            .. tenseBody
		       .. '\n|}'
        return tab
    end

	--Retrieving some parameters for creating the main table header
	local verb = args[1]
    local preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or ''
    local postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or ''
	
	-- Cureyê lêkerê
	local verbStruc =  conj.verbStruct(baseOpts.isCompoundVerb, baseOpts.preSimpleVerb)
	if (verbStruc == 'preverbVerb') then
		verbStruc = 'pêkhatî'
	elseif (verbStruc == 'compoundVerb') then
		verbStruc = 'hevedudanî'
	else
		verbStruc = 'xwerû'
	end

	local prsStemsFormat = {}
	for _, stem in ipairs(presentStems) do
	    if stem then prsStemsFormat[#prsStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
	end
	local pstStemsFormat = {}
	for _, stem in ipairs(pastStems) do
	    if stem then pstStemsFormat[#pstStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
	end
	local prsStems = table.concat(prsStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb
	local pstStems = table.concat(pstStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb

   return
'{| align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;conj-table&quot;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; class=&quot;title&quot; | Tewandina lêkera [[' .. verb .. ']]&lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;(' .. verbStruc .. ', ' .. transitivity .. ')&lt;/span&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;present-stem&quot; | Rehê dema niha'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal; text-align:center; border-bottom:dotted 1px grey;&quot; | ' .. prsStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;past-stem&quot; | Rehê dema borî'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;&quot; | ' .. pstStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;imp&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya fermanî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Imperative&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' 
	.. '\n{| cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;tense-table&quot;'
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n! class=&quot;negative&quot; | Erênî'
		.. '\n! class=&quot;positive&quot; | Neyînî'
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n| &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(tû)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.s2
		.. '\n| &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(tû)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.s2
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n| &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(hûn)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.p2
		.. '\n| &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(hûn)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.p2
	..'\n|}'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;ind&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya pêşkerî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Indicative&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPresent')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPreterite')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indImperfect')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuture')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuturePerfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPerfect')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indNwPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;subj&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya xwestekî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Subjunctive&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPresent')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPreterite')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjImperfect')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;cond&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya mercî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conditional&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('condPresent')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('condPreterite')
.. '\n|}'
end

return export</text>
      <sha1>5cnfthor4obwr5ng40tq98wvpsfcjh6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>bi êşê ketin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1326838</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237175</id>
      <parentid>6197812</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T14:12:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kawarizgar1</username>
        <id>14836</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Lêker */</comment>
      <origin>6237175</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="687" sha1="8m9opwmgqn7n200tjl9mw6q6kr44rmq" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Lêker ===
{{lêker|ku|z=b-ngh}}
# [[nexweş ketin]]
#* {{jêder|ku|jêgirtin=Dewlet bi fen û fûtan bi benda miletî ket û wan jî wekî mirîşka gêj, rabû, mirîşk û elok û werdek û qazên xwe giş bi ser hev da şerjê kirin û binax kirin. Xêr e? Mirîşkên we '''bi êşê ketine'''. Ê!? Wan bikujin û biavêjin! De bicehime! Tişta ez dizanim wextê ku mirîşk '''bi êşê diketin''' me ew şerjê dikirin û dixwarin. Min rojekê nedît kesek bi êşa mirîşkan mir.|{{Jêgirtin/Sadiq Ûskan/Şampaz}}}}

==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{heve|ku|bi|êş|ketin}}.

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>8m9opwmgqn7n200tjl9mw6q6kr44rmq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Modul:ku-tewandin/ceribandin</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>1356654</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237216</id>
      <parentid>6237079</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T18:47:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>6237216</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="40008" sha1="3jaadfrh4e54k90g1s020pqh38dyal6" xml:space="preserve">-- Modula tewandina lêkerên kurmancî

local export = {}

-- Load irregular forms table
-- local irreg = require('Module:ku-tewandin/dijrêzik')
local langKu = require(&quot;Modul:languages&quot;).getByCode(&quot;ku&quot;)
local link = require('Module:links').language_link
local shallowCopy = require(&quot;Module:table/shallowCopy&quot;)
local deepCopy = require(&quot;Module:table/deepCopy&quot;)

-- =============================================================================
-- Pronouns in Kurmanji
-- =============================================================================
export.order = {&quot;s1&quot;, &quot;s2&quot;, &quot;s3&quot;, &quot;p1&quot;, &quot;p2&quot;, &quot;p3&quot;}

export.pronouns = {
    s1 = &quot;ez&quot;,    p1 = &quot;em&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;tu&quot;,    p2 = &quot;hûn&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;ew&quot;,    p3 = &quot;ew&quot;
}

export.obliquePronouns = {
    s1 = &quot;min&quot;,      p1 = &quot;me&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;te&quot;,       p2 = &quot;we&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;wê/wî&quot;,    p3 = &quot;wan&quot;
}

export.agents = {
    s1 = &quot;te, wî, wê, we, wan&quot;,            p1 = &quot;te, wî, wê, we, wan&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;min, wî, wê, me, wan&quot;,           p2 = &quot;min, wî, wê, me, wan&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;min, te, wî, wê, me, we, wan&quot;,   p3 = &quot;min, te, wî, wê, me, we, wan&quot;
}

-- Oblique pronoun (green) 
export.obliquePronounsGreen = {
    s1 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;min&lt;/span&gt;',
    s2 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;te&lt;/span&gt;',
    s3 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;wê/wî&lt;/span&gt;',
    p1 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;me&lt;/span&gt;',
    p2 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;we&lt;/span&gt;',
    p3 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;wan&lt;/span&gt;'
}

-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- 1) This function returns correct subject/agent pronoun, ergativity rule:
--   - Transitive verbs in past tenses → oblique pronoun (green) = agent
--   - All other cases                 → direct pronoun (no color) = subject
-- 2) Also add the subjunctive prefix &quot;(bila)&quot;
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
function export.conjPronouns(stemType, mode, isTransitive)
    local pronouns = shallowCopy(export.pronouns)

    -- Ergativity in kurdish: transitive verbs that are conjugated with the past tense stem are
    -- conjugated according to the object, not the subject.
    -- Therefore, to have an ergative construction,
    -- the verb must be transitive and its stem must be the stem of the past tense.
    local isErgative = isTransitive and (stemType == 'past')

    -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: &quot;min&quot;, &quot;te&quot;, ...
    -- If it's not ergative, we use normal pronouns: &quot;ez&quot;, &quot;tu&quot;, ...
    if isErgative then
        pronouns = shallowCopy(export.obliquePronounsGreen)
    end

    -- For the subjunctive mood, we add &quot;(bila)&quot; at the beginning.
    if mode == 'subjunctive' then
    	local subjPrefix = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(bila)&lt;/span&gt;'
        for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
            pronouns[pers] = subjPrefix .. ' ' .. pronouns[pers]
        end
    end
    return pronouns
end

-- =============================================================================
-- VERBAL STRUCTURE IN THE INFINITIVE:
-- Verbs in the infinitive appear in three main forms:
--  1) Simple verb (indivisible light verb):
--       - ex.:  &quot;kirin&quot;, &quot;çûn&quot;, &quot;xwarin&quot;, ...
--  2) Verbs with preverbs (preverb + simple verb):
--       - ex.: &quot;rakirin&quot; (ra- + kirin), &quot;çêkirin&quot; (çê- + kirin), &quot;vexwarin&quot; (ve- + xwarin), ...
--       - Preverb verbs don't use the prefix &quot;bi-&quot; (ez ê rakim , ew ê rake , ...)
--  3) Compound verbs, construction with non-verbal element (the noun is not attached to the verb):
--       - Left of the simple verb: &quot;hez kirin&quot; (&quot;hez&quot; + &quot;kirin&quot;), &quot;li dar xistin&quot; (&quot;li dar&quot; + &quot;xistin&quot;), ...
--       - Right of the simple verb: &quot;kirin der&quot; (&quot;kirin&quot; + &quot;der&quot;), &quot;girtin ser xwe&quot; (&quot;girtin&quot; + &quot;ser xwe&quot;), ...
--       - Compound verbs use the prefix &quot;bi-&quot; (ez ê hez bi-kim , ew ê hez bi-ke )

-- STRUCTURE:  preSimpleVerb + spacing + simpleVerb + postSimpleVerb
-- EX.     kirin: preSimpleVerb='';    spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--       rakirin: preSimpleVerb='ra';  spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--     hez kirin: preSimpleVerb='hez'; spacing=true;  simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--       pev çûn: preSimpleVerb='pev'; spacing=true;  simpleVerb='çûn';   postSimpleVerb=''
--     kirin der: preSimpleVerb='';    spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='der'

-- WARNING: Conjugation can vary depending on the type of verb.
-- For example, in the future tense,the prefix &quot;bi&quot; is used for compound verbs,
-- but not for preverbal verbs, see the function that manages it  &quot;tenseRules&quot; table.
-- This table does not yet support the mixed case: a verb composed of a noun and a preverb verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
    local struct

    if (preSimpleVerb and preSimpleVerb ~= '' and not isCompoundVerb) then
        struct = 'preverbVerb'
    elseif isCompoundVerb then
        struct = 'compoundVerb'
    else
        struct = 'simpleVerb'
    end

    return struct
end

-- ================================================================
-- INFLECTIONAL ENDINGS
-- Assigns verb inflectional endings (suffixes) to all tenses
-- ================================================================
local getEndings = {}

do
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ending using present stem
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['present'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        else
            ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='e', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ind. preterite + ind. imperfect ending
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['past'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
		local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiouû]$') then
            ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then
           -- if self.name == 'indImperfect' then
           --     -- special indicative ind. imperfect rule
           --     ends = {s1='yam', s2='yayî', s3='ya', p1='yan', p2='yan', p3='yan'}
           -- end
            ends = {s1='m', s2='', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        else
            ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Compound endings with auxiliary &quot;bûn&quot;
    -- Inflectional endings are created by taking the different forms of the
    -- verb &quot;bûn&quot; (with present stem &quot;-b-&quot; and past stem &quot;-bû-&quot;) and
    -- adding an &quot;i-&quot; prefix before them: &quot;i-b-im&quot;, &quot;i-bû-m&quot;, &quot;i-bû-me&quot;, &quot;i-bû-ma&quot;.
    -- This &quot;i-&quot; varies according to the final letter of the verb stem.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    local function normalize_i(stem)
        local prfx_i = &quot;i&quot;
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, &quot;ya$&quot;) or
           mw.ustring.match(stem, &quot;[îû]$&quot;) then -- cf. karîn (-karî-)
           	prfx_i = &quot;&quot;
        elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiou]$') then
            prfx_i = &quot;yi&quot;
        end
        return prfx_i
    end

    getEndings['ibim'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bim&quot;,   p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;be&quot;,    p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûm'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûm&quot;,     p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bû&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûme'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûme&quot;,      p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyiye&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûye&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûma'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûma&quot;,      p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyayî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûya&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;
        }
    end
    
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ind. perfect ending.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['ime'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends

        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;me&quot;, s2=&quot;yî&quot;, s3=&quot;ye&quot;, p1=&quot;ne&quot;, p2=&quot;ne&quot;, p3=&quot;ne&quot;}
        else
            ends = {s1=&quot;ime&quot;, s2=&quot;iyî&quot;, s3=&quot;iye&quot;, p1=&quot;ine&quot;, p2=&quot;ine&quot;, p3=&quot;ine&quot;}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Subj. Imperfect ending.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['ama'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends

        -- The doublet in &quot;-iyan&quot; of verbs in -&quot;în&quot; (gerîn/-geriya-, kenîn/-keniya-, ...),
        -- in the conditional and subjunctive moods, a doublet &quot;yaya&quot; appears; it's removed.
        -- -yayayî → -yayî; -yaya → -ya
		if mw.ustring.match(stem, '(ya)$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;ma&quot;, s2=&quot;yî&quot;, s3=&quot;&quot;, p1=&quot;na&quot;, p2=&quot;na&quot;, p3=&quot;na&quot;}
		elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;ma&quot;, s2=&quot;yayî&quot;, s3=&quot;ya&quot;, p1=&quot;na&quot;, p2=&quot;na&quot;, p3=&quot;na&quot;}
        else
            ends = {s1=&quot;ama&quot;, s2=&quot;ayî&quot;, s3=&quot;a&quot;, p1=&quot;ana&quot;, p2=&quot;ana&quot;, p3=&quot;ana&quot;}
        end
        return ends
    end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR PREVERBS: &quot;bi-&quot; and &quot;di-&quot;
-- There are two preverbs: &quot;bi-&quot; and &quot;di-&quot;. These preverbs can change form
-- depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getPreverb = {}

do
	getPreverb['bi'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local verbStruct = opts.verbStruct
	    local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi
	
	    -- Preverb verbs don't use the preverb &quot;bi-&quot;: ra-kirin (ez ê rakim), ve-xwarin (ez ê vexwim) , ...
	    -- But compound verb and simple verbs use it: hez kirin (ez ê hez bi-kim), lê bigirin (ez ê lê bi-girim), ...
	    if (verbStruct == 'preverbVerb') then
	        return ''
	    end
	
	    if overrideBi then return overrideBi end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] end
	
	    -- Modification of the preverbe &quot;bi-&quot; according to the last letter of the stem.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[aeêiîouû]') then
	        return 'b'
	    end
	
	    return 'bi'
	end
	
	getPreverb['di'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi
	
	    if overrideDi then return overrideDi end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] end
	
	    -- Modification of the preverbe &quot;di-&quot; according to the last letter of the stem.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[ai]') then
	        return 'd'
	    end
	    -- Ex. hatin : stem = -ê- // ez têm
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[êî]') then
	        return 't'
	    end
	
	    return 'di'
	end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR NEGATION PREFIXES: &quot;na-&quot; and &quot;ne-&quot;
-- There are two negation prefixes: &quot;na-&quot; and &quot;ne-&quot;. These preverbs can change
-- form depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getNegPrefix = {}

do
	getNegPrefix['na'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa
	
	    if overrideNa then return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNa .. '&lt;/b&gt;' end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] end
	
	    -- Add sufix &quot;-y&quot; before certain vowels.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;nay&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	    -- Elision before stems beginning with &quot;a-&quot; (removal of the final &quot;-e&quot;).
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;n&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    -- Tîpa duyem &quot;-a-&quot; ye (k-a-rîn, z-a-nîn, ...)
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^%wa') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;ni&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    return '&lt;b&gt;na&lt;/b&gt;'
	end

	getNegPrefix['ne'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local tenseName = opts.tenseName
	    local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm
	    local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe
	
	    if overrideNe then return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;' end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] end
	
	    local negPrefix = 'ne'
	    -- There are two forms of construction of the imperative,
	    -- one with the prefix &quot;me-&quot; and the other with the prefix &quot;ne-&quot;.
	    if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then
	        negPrefix = (impNegForm == 2) and 'ne' or 'me'
	    end
	
	    -- Add sufix &quot;-y&quot; before certain vowels.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. 'y&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    -- Elision before stems beginning with &quot;a-&quot; (removal of the final &quot;-e&quot;).
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
	        negPrefix = mw.ustring.sub(negPrefix, 1, -2)
	        return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- Standardization of the PREVERBAL PARTICLE
-- The proverbial particle &quot;ê&quot; is placed after the personal pronoun.
-- =============================================================================
-- If there are no verbal preparticles, return empty table.
function export.getPreverbParticules(preverbParticle, typeStem, isTransitive)
    if not preverbParticle then
        return {s1='', s2='', s3='', p1='', p2='', p3=''}
    end

    if preverbParticle == 'ê' then
        local isErgative = isTransitive and (typeStem == 'past')

        -- When the personal pronoun ends in a vowel, a &quot;y-&quot; is added before &quot;ê&quot;.
        -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: &quot;min&quot;, &quot;te&quot;, ...
        if isErgative then
            return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='yê/dê', p1='yê/dê', p2='yê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
        else
            return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='ê/dê', p1='ê/dê', p2='ê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
        end
    end

    -- If the verbal preparticle is identical for all pronouns,
    -- we create a table with the same value.
    local preverbParticles = {}
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        preverbParticles[pers] = preverbParticle
    end

    return preverbParticles
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING EACH VERB TENSE
-- This table lists, for each verb tense, what elements are required to form it:
--   - Verb conjugation is built by placing either the preverb &quot;bi-&quot; or &quot;di-&quot; before
--     the verb stem (past or present), followed by a personal ending.
--   - For the negative form, one of the prefixes &quot;na-&quot; or &quot;ne-&quot; is added as well.
--   - In some cases, a preverbal particle such as /ê/ or /dê/ is added before
--     the conjugated verb as well.
-- Not: - The &quot;negPreverb&quot; (preverb (bi-/di-) for negative tenses) parameter has a
--         value different from &quot;nil&quot; only for the Imperfect tense (&quot;negPreverb=di&quot;).
--      - The parameter &quot;negPrefix=na&quot; is used only for the present indicative.
--
-- Preverb &quot;di&quot;, used in: &quot;indPresent&quot;(present stem), &quot;indImperfect&quot;(past stem)
--                        - Bo neyînî: pêşgira &quot;di-&quot; tenê di nav dema &quot;IndImperfect&quot; de tê bikaranîn.
-- Preverb &quot;bi&quot;, used in: &quot;indFuture&quot;(present stem), &quot;subPresent&quot;(present stem),
--                         &quot;subImperfect&quot;(past stem) = &quot;condPresent&quot;(past stem)
--                        - The prefix &quot;bi-&quot; isn't used in negative forms.
--
-- Present stem, used in: &quot;indPresent&quot;(di)(na),
--                        &quot;indFuture&quot;(bi)(ne) = &quot;subPresent&quot;(bi)(ne)
--
-- Past stem, used in: &quot;indPreterite&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indImperfect&quot;(di)(ne), &quot;indPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;indPerfect&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indNwPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indFuturePerfect&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;subPreterite&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;subImperfect&quot;(bi)(ne) = &quot;condPresent&quot;(bi)(ne),
--                     &quot;subPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne) = &quot;condPreterite&quot;(-)(ne)
-- =============================================================================
-- Some conjugations are identical except that they differ only in the preverbal particle (/ê/, /dê/).
-- So, to avoid repeating the same information (and thus risking errors),
-- we establish the common part shared between these verbs.
local sharedTenseRules = {
    indFuture = {
        stem         = &quot;present&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['bi'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['present']
    },

    indFuturePerfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibim']
    },

    subImperfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['bi'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ama']
    },

    subPluperfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûma']
    }
}

local mt = {
    __index = function(t, k)
        local commonRules = t._commonRules
        if commonRules then return commonRules[k] end
    end
}

-- TENSES CONJUGATION RULES
export.tenseRules = {
    -- IMPERATIVE MOOD
    impPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;impPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raweya fermanî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present imperative&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;imperative&quot;,
        _commonRules = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    -- INDICATIVE MOOD
    indPresent = {
        name         = &quot;indPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema niha&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;present&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['di'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['na'],
        endings      = getEndings['present'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indPreterite = {
        name         = &quot;indPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya sade&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;simple past&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['past'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indImperfect = {
        name         = &quot;indImperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya berdest&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;Imperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['di'],
        negPreverb   = getPreverb['di'],
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['past'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indPluperfect    = {
        name         = &quot;indPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûr&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;pluperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûm'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indFuture = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;indFuture&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema bê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;future&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    indFuturePerfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;indFuturePerfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dahatiya pêş&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;future perfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuturePerfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    -- In some books, the &quot;perfect&quot; and &quot;nonconfirmative pluperfect&quot; tenses
    -- are classified in the &quot;inferential mood&quot; (&quot;moda neşahidî&quot;).
    -- Currently we classify them using the indicative mood (at the end).
    indPerfect = {
        name         = &quot;indPerfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûdar&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;perfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ime'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indNwPluperfect = {
        name         = &quot;indNwPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;çîrokiya boriya dûdar&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;non-witnessed pluperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûme'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    -- SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
    subjPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema nihaya xwestekî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    subjPreterite = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema boriya xwestekî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;preterite subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuturePerfect,
        preverbParticle = nil,
    }, mt),

    subjImperfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjImperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya bilaniyê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;imperfect subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subImperfect,
        preverbParticle = nil,
    }, mt),

    subjPluperfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûr a bilaniyê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;pluperfect subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subPluperfect,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    -- CONDITIONAL MOOD
    condPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;condPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;çîrokiya dema nihaya mercî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present conditional&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;conditional&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subImperfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    condPreterite = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;condPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema boriya mercî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;preterite conditional&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;conditional&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subPluperfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

}

-- =============================================================================
-- MAIN CONJUGATION FUNCTOIN
-- This function returns an array containing the conjugation table for a given
-- tense as well as other information about the conjugated verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugate(opts)
    opts = opts or {}
    -- Required parameters
    local tense          = opts.tense or error(&quot;'tense' required&quot;, 2)
    --One of the two parameters is required:
    --  - If the tense uses the present stem, indicate &quot;presentStem&quot;.
    --  - If it uses the past stem, indicate &quot;pastStem&quot;.
    local presentStem    = opts.presentStem
    local pastStem       = opts.pastStem
    -- Optional parameters
    local isTransitive   = opts.isTransitive or false   -- Indicate if the verb is transitive (true/false)
    local isNegative     = opts.isNegative or false     -- Indicate if it's the negative form (true/false)
    local isCompoundVerb = opts.isCompoundVerb or false -- Indicate if it's a compound verb (true/false)
    local preSimpleVerb  = opts.preSimpleVerb or ''     -- The part before the simple verb
    local postSimpleVerb = opts.postSimpleVerb or ''    -- The part after the simple verb
    -- These parameters are provided when the verb is irregular.
    -- Allows you to manually modify preverbs (&quot;bi-&quot;&quot; or &quot;di-&quot;)
    -- and negation prefixes (&quot;na-&quot; or &quot;ne-&quot;)
    local overrideBi     = opts.overrideBi or nil
    local overrideDi     = opts.overrideDi or nil
    local overrideNa     = opts.overrideNa or nil
    local overrideNe     = opts.overrideNe or nil
    -- By default, the negation of the imperative is constructed from the prefix &quot;me-&quot;&quot;.
    -- To obtain the second variant, the prefix with &quot;ne-&quot;, you must specify &quot;impNegForm=2&quot;.
    local impNegForm     = opts.impNegForm or nil

	-- We add a space to the left of the &quot;postSimpleVerb&quot; because it shouldn't be attached
	-- to the simple verb.
	if (postSimpleVerb ~= '' and postSimpleVerb ~=nil) then
		postSimpleVerb = ' ' .. postSimpleVerb
	end

    -- Access to the classification table and retrieval of verb tense parameters
    local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy') or false

    -- We check that this tense is indeed in table &quot;tenseRules&quot;.
    if (not infoTense) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    -- We check that one of the two parameters of the stem is given
    if (infoTense.stem == 'present' and not presentStem) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;presentStem parameter required&lt;/span&gt;'
    elseif (infoTense.stem == 'past' and not pastStem) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;pasttStem parameter required&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    -- Choice between the present stem or past stem
    local stem = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStem or pastStem

    --────────────────────────────
    -- Conjugation construction --
    -- ───────────────────────────
    local preverb = ''
    local negPrefix = ''
    -- Ruturns the verb type: &quot;simpleVerb&quot; or &quot;preverbVerb&quot; or &quot;compoundVerb&quot;
    local verbStruct = export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)

    if isNegative then
        negPrefix = infoTense.negPrefix{stem=stem, tenseName=tense,
                                        impNegForm=impNegForm,
                                        overrideNa=overrideNa, overrideNe=overrideNe}
        if infoTense.negPreverb then
            preverb = infoTense.negPreverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
                                           overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
        end
    else
        if infoTense.preverb then
            preverb = infoTense.preverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
                                        overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
        end
    end

    infoTense.conj = {}
    local spacing = isCompoundVerb and ' ' or ''
    local endings = infoTense:endings(stem)
    -- local preverbParticles = export.getPreverbParticules(infoTense.preverbParticle, infoTense.stem, isTransitive)
    local isErgative = isTransitive and (infoTense.stem == 'past')

    -- Creating the conjugation table for a given tense
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local ending
        local conjSimbleVerb
        local conjVerb

        if isErgative then
            ending = endings.s3
        else
            ending = endings[pers]
        end

        -- Adding space after the preverbal particle
		--[[
        local preverbParticle = preverbParticles[pers]
        if preverbParticle ~= '' then
            preverbParticle = preverbParticle .. ' '
        end
		--]]
		
        conjSimbleVerb = negPrefix  .. preverb .. stem .. ending
        -- Adding prefixe and suffixe
        conjVerb =  preSimpleVerb .. spacing .. conjSimbleVerb .. postSimpleVerb
        -- Spelling correction(îy -&gt; iy)
        conjVerb = mw.ustring.gsub(conjVerb, 'îy', 'iy')
        -- Add a link
        conjVerb = link{term=conjVerb, lang=langKu}
        -- Addition of the preverbal particle
        -- infoTense.conj[pers] = preverbParticle .. conjVerb
		infoTense.conj[pers] = conjVerb
    end

    -- Imperative
    if (infoTense.name == 'impPresent') then
        infoTense.conj.s1 = nil
        infoTense.conj.s2 = infoTense.conj.s3
        infoTense.conj.s3 = nil
        infoTense.conj.p1 = nil
        -- infoTense.conj.p2 = infoTense.conj.p2
        infoTense.conj.p3 = nil
    end

    return infoTense
end

-- =============================================================================
--                               END
-- =============================================================================
-- Some useful tools
-- =============================================================================
-- Returns the list of verb tenses
export.tensesList = function()
	local list = {}
    for _, tense in pairs(export.tenseRules) do
        table.insert(list, tense.name)
    end
	return list
end

-- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
-- (for a given conjugate tense in all persons of that tense)
function export.concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjVerbs)
	local concatTab = {}
	for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
		concatTab[pers] = pronoms[pers] .. ' ' .. conjVerbs[pers]
	end

	return concatTab
end
-- =============================================================================
-- ADDITIONAL STEM OF THE PAST AND PRESENT (pastStem2, ... and presentStem2, ...)
-- This function does nothing more than add additional parameters for verb stems
-- in the past and present tenses.
-- Conjugations for the different stems will be separated by &quot;/&quot;
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems)
    local opts = baseOpts or {}
     opts.tense = tense or nil
     
    presentStems = presentStems or {}
	pastStems = pastStems or {}

    
    local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy') or false

    -- We check that this tense is indeed in table &quot;tenseRules&quot;.
    if not infoTense then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    local stems = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStems or pastStems

    -- For each verb stem, its conjugation table is calculated and stored in conjTabs.
    local conjTabs = {}
    for i = 1, #stems do
        if stems[i] then
            if (infoTense.stem == 'past') then opts.pastStem = stems[i] end
            if (infoTense.stem == 'present') then opts.presentStem = stems[i] end

            local conj = export.conjugate(opts).conj
            table.insert(conjTabs, conj)
        end
    end

    -- We concatenate each row of the conjugation tables.
    local concatConjTabs = {}
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local frag = {}
        for i = 1, #conjTabs do
            local val = conjTabs[i][pers]
            if val then table.insert(frag, tostring(val)) end
        end
        concatConjTabs[pers] = table.concat(frag, &quot; / &quot;)
    end

    infoTense.conj = concatConjTabs

    return infoTense
end

-- ====================================================================================
--  VERB CONUGATION IN ALL TENSES WITH PRONOUMS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, negation, concatPrs)
    local opts = baseOpts or {}
    
    if negation == 'negative' then opts.isNegative = true end

    -- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
	local concatPronomsVerbs = export.concatPronomsVerbs

    -- Tenses list
    local tensesList = export.tensesList()

    -- Conjugation in all tenses
    local conjTab = {}
    for _, tense in ipairs(tensesList) do
        local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy')

		-- We create the conjugation table without the pronouns.
        conjTab[tense] = deepCopy(export.conjugateLong(opts, tense, presentStems, pastStems), 'copy')
		
        -- We concatenate the pronouns and the verbs if &quot;concatPrs&quot; is different of &quot;false&quot;
		-- (no pronoun for the imperative mood)
		if (tense ~= 'impPresent' and concatPrs ~= false) then
			local pronoms = deepCopy(export.conjPronouns(infoTense.stem, infoTense.mode, opts.isTransitive))
        	conjTab[tense].conj = concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjTab[tense].conj)
        end
    end

    return conjTab
end

-- ====================================================================================
-- Allows you to obtain a given conjugation from a model.
-- Ex. in the template: {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=s1}}
-- See {{ku-tewîn-lk-niha}}
-- ====================================================================================
function export.tew(frame)
   local args = frame:getParent().args

    local baseOpts = {
        isNegative     = frame.args['neyînî'] or false,
        isTransitive   = args['form'],
        isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = args['pêşgir'] or nil,
        postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil,
        overrideBi     = args['bi'] or nil,
        overrideDi     = args['di'] or nil,
        overrideNa     = args['na'] or nil,
        overrideNe     = args['ne'] or nil,
        impNegForm     = nil
    }
	
	local tense        = frame.args['dem'] or nil
	local pers         = frame.args['kes'] or nil
    local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
    local pastStems    = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}

    -- A few checks
    if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = true
    elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = false
    else
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
    else
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
    end

    if (baseOpts.isNegative == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isNegative = true
    end

	local tabConj = export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems).conj
	
    return tabConj[pers]
end

-- ====================================================================================
-- GET COMMMA SEPARED FORMS
-- Bnr. [[MediaWiki:Gadget-QQ.js]]
-- ====================================================================================
function export.get_comma_separated_forms(frame)
    local opts = {
        presentStem    = frame.args['niha'],
        pastStem       = frame.args['borî'],
        isTransitive   = false,
        isNegative     = false,
        isCompoundVerb = frame['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = frame['pêşgir'] or '',
        postSimpleVerb = frame['paşgir'] or '',
        overrideBi     = frame['bi'] or nil,
        overrideDi     = frame['di'] or nil,
        overrideNa     = frame['na'] or nil,
        overrideNe     = frame['ne'] or nil,
        impNegForm     = nil,
    }

   local function removeTags(tag)
		tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '%[%[(.+)%|(.+)%]%]', '%2')
		tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '&lt;b&gt;(.+)&lt;/b&gt;', '%1')
		tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '&lt;span(.*)&gt;(.*)&lt;/span&gt;', '%2')

		return tag
   end

   local function concateList(tenseList)
        local concatList = {}
        for _, pers in ipairs({&quot;s1&quot;, &quot;s2&quot;, &quot;s3&quot;, &quot;p1&quot;}) do
        	local tense = removeTags(tenseList[pers]) -- Remove tags
            table.insert(concatList, tense)
        end

        return table.concat(concatList, &quot;,&quot;)
   end

   	local tenseList = {'indPresent','indPreterite','indImperfect',
                      'indPluperfect','indPerfect','indNwPluperfect',
                      'indFuture','indFuturePerfect',
                      'subjImperfect','subjPluperfect'
                    }
                    
    local concatAllTense = {}
    
    for  i = 1, #tenseList do
        local tense = tenseList[i]
        if export.tenseRules[tense] then
            opts.tense = tense
            local conj = shallowCopy(export.conjugate(opts).conj)
            local concatTense = concateList(conj)
            table.insert(concatAllTense, concatTense)
        end
    end
    
    return table.concat(concatAllTense, &quot;,&quot;)
end

return export</text>
      <sha1>3jaadfrh4e54k90g1s020pqh38dyal6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237217</id>
      <parentid>6237216</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T19:05:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>6237217</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="40054" sha1="hk4a0gxoqnxtfo08nz327mw5kr8tv26" xml:space="preserve">-- Modula tewandina lêkerên kurmancî

local export = {}

-- Load irregular forms table
-- local irreg = require('Module:ku-tewandin/dijrêzik')
local langKu = require(&quot;Modul:languages&quot;).getByCode(&quot;ku&quot;)
local link = require('Module:links').language_link
local shallowCopy = require(&quot;Module:table/shallowCopy&quot;)
local deepCopy = require(&quot;Module:table/deepCopy&quot;)

-- =============================================================================
-- Pronouns in Kurmanji
-- =============================================================================
export.order = {&quot;s1&quot;, &quot;s2&quot;, &quot;s3&quot;, &quot;p1&quot;, &quot;p2&quot;, &quot;p3&quot;}

export.pronouns = {
    s1 = &quot;ez&quot;,    p1 = &quot;em&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;tu&quot;,    p2 = &quot;hûn&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;ew&quot;,    p3 = &quot;ew&quot;
}

export.obliquePronouns = {
    s1 = &quot;min&quot;,      p1 = &quot;me&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;te&quot;,       p2 = &quot;we&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;wê/wî&quot;,    p3 = &quot;wan&quot;
}

export.agents = {
    s1 = &quot;te, wî, wê, we, wan&quot;,            p1 = &quot;te, wî, wê, we, wan&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;min, wî, wê, me, wan&quot;,           p2 = &quot;min, wî, wê, me, wan&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;min, te, wî, wê, me, we, wan&quot;,   p3 = &quot;min, te, wî, wê, me, we, wan&quot;
}

-- Oblique pronoun (green) 
export.obliquePronounsGreen = {
    s1 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;min&lt;/span&gt;',
    s2 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;te&lt;/span&gt;',
    s3 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;wê/wî&lt;/span&gt;',
    p1 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;me&lt;/span&gt;',
    p2 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;we&lt;/span&gt;',
    p3 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;wan&lt;/span&gt;'
}

-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- 1) This function returns correct subject/agent pronoun, ergativity rule:
--   - Transitive verbs in past tenses → oblique pronoun (green) = agent
--   - All other cases                 → direct pronoun (no color) = subject
-- 2) Also add the subjunctive prefix &quot;(bila)&quot;
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
function export.conjPronouns(stemType, mode, isTransitive)
    local pronouns = shallowCopy(export.pronouns)

    -- Ergativity in kurdish: transitive verbs that are conjugated with the past tense stem are
    -- conjugated according to the object, not the subject.
    -- Therefore, to have an ergative construction,
    -- the verb must be transitive and its stem must be the stem of the past tense.
    local isErgative = isTransitive and (stemType == 'past')

    -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: &quot;min&quot;, &quot;te&quot;, ...
    -- If it's not ergative, we use normal pronouns: &quot;ez&quot;, &quot;tu&quot;, ...
    if isErgative then
        pronouns = shallowCopy(export.obliquePronounsGreen)
    end

    -- For the subjunctive mood, we add &quot;(bila)&quot; at the beginning.
    if mode == 'subjunctive' then
    	local subjPrefix = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(bila)&lt;/span&gt;'
        for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
            pronouns[pers] = subjPrefix .. ' ' .. pronouns[pers]
        end
    end
    return pronouns
end

-- =============================================================================
-- VERBAL STRUCTURE IN THE INFINITIVE:
-- Verbs in the infinitive appear in three main forms:
--  1) Simple verb (indivisible light verb):
--       - ex.:  &quot;kirin&quot;, &quot;çûn&quot;, &quot;xwarin&quot;, ...
--  2) Verbs with preverbs (preverb + simple verb):
--       - ex.: &quot;rakirin&quot; (ra- + kirin), &quot;çêkirin&quot; (çê- + kirin), &quot;vexwarin&quot; (ve- + xwarin), ...
--       - Preverb verbs don't use the prefix &quot;bi-&quot; (ez ê rakim , ew ê rake , ...)
--  3) Compound verbs, construction with non-verbal element (the noun is not attached to the verb):
--       - Left of the simple verb: &quot;hez kirin&quot; (&quot;hez&quot; + &quot;kirin&quot;), &quot;li dar xistin&quot; (&quot;li dar&quot; + &quot;xistin&quot;), ...
--       - Right of the simple verb: &quot;kirin der&quot; (&quot;kirin&quot; + &quot;der&quot;), &quot;girtin ser xwe&quot; (&quot;girtin&quot; + &quot;ser xwe&quot;), ...
--       - Compound verbs use the prefix &quot;bi-&quot; (ez ê hez bi-kim , ew ê hez bi-ke )

-- STRUCTURE:  preSimpleVerb + spacing + simpleVerb + postSimpleVerb
-- EX.     kirin: preSimpleVerb='';    spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--       rakirin: preSimpleVerb='ra';  spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--     hez kirin: preSimpleVerb='hez'; spacing=true;  simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--       pev çûn: preSimpleVerb='pev'; spacing=true;  simpleVerb='çûn';   postSimpleVerb=''
--     kirin der: preSimpleVerb='';    spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='der'

-- WARNING: Conjugation can vary depending on the type of verb.
-- For example, in the future tense,the prefix &quot;bi&quot; is used for compound verbs,
-- but not for preverbal verbs, see the function that manages it  &quot;tenseRules&quot; table.
-- This table does not yet support the mixed case: a verb composed of a noun and a preverb verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
    local struct

    if (preSimpleVerb and preSimpleVerb ~= '' and not isCompoundVerb) then
        struct = 'preverbVerb'
    elseif isCompoundVerb then
        struct = 'compoundVerb'
    else
        struct = 'simpleVerb'
    end

    return struct
end

-- ================================================================
-- INFLECTIONAL ENDINGS
-- Assigns verb inflectional endings (suffixes) to all tenses
-- ================================================================
local getEndings = {}

do
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ending using present stem
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['present'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        else
            ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='e', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ind. preterite + ind. imperfect ending
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['past'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
		local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiouû]$') then
            ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then
           -- if self.name == 'indImperfect' then
           --     -- special indicative ind. imperfect rule
           --     ends = {s1='yam', s2='yayî', s3='ya', p1='yan', p2='yan', p3='yan'}
           -- end
            ends = {s1='m', s2='', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        else
            ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Compound endings with auxiliary &quot;bûn&quot;
    -- Inflectional endings are created by taking the different forms of the
    -- verb &quot;bûn&quot; (with present stem &quot;-b-&quot; and past stem &quot;-bû-&quot;) and
    -- adding an &quot;i-&quot; prefix before them: &quot;i-b-im&quot;, &quot;i-bû-m&quot;, &quot;i-bû-me&quot;, &quot;i-bû-ma&quot;.
    -- This &quot;i-&quot; varies according to the final letter of the verb stem.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    local function normalize_i(stem)
        local prfx_i = &quot;i&quot;
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, &quot;ya$&quot;) or
           mw.ustring.match(stem, &quot;[îû]$&quot;) then -- cf. karîn (-karî-)
           	prfx_i = &quot;&quot;
        elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiou]$') then
            prfx_i = &quot;yi&quot;
        end
        return prfx_i
    end

    getEndings['ibim'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bim&quot;,   p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;be&quot;,    p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûm'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûm&quot;,     p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bû&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûme'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûme&quot;,      p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyiye&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûye&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûma'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûma&quot;,      p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyayî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûya&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;
        }
    end
    
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ind. perfect ending.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['ime'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends

        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;me&quot;, s2=&quot;yî&quot;, s3=&quot;ye&quot;, p1=&quot;ne&quot;, p2=&quot;ne&quot;, p3=&quot;ne&quot;}
        else
            ends = {s1=&quot;ime&quot;, s2=&quot;iyî&quot;, s3=&quot;iye&quot;, p1=&quot;ine&quot;, p2=&quot;ine&quot;, p3=&quot;ine&quot;}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Subj. Imperfect ending.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['ama'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends

        -- The doublet in &quot;-iyan&quot; of verbs in -&quot;în&quot; (gerîn/-geriya-, kenîn/-keniya-, ...),
        -- in the conditional and subjunctive moods, a doublet &quot;yaya&quot; appears; it's removed.
        -- -yayayî → -yayî; -yaya → -ya
		if mw.ustring.match(stem, '(ya)$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;ma&quot;, s2=&quot;yî&quot;, s3=&quot;&quot;, p1=&quot;na&quot;, p2=&quot;na&quot;, p3=&quot;na&quot;}
		elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;ma&quot;, s2=&quot;yayî&quot;, s3=&quot;ya&quot;, p1=&quot;na&quot;, p2=&quot;na&quot;, p3=&quot;na&quot;}
        else
            ends = {s1=&quot;ama&quot;, s2=&quot;ayî&quot;, s3=&quot;a&quot;, p1=&quot;ana&quot;, p2=&quot;ana&quot;, p3=&quot;ana&quot;}
        end
        return ends
    end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR PREVERBS: &quot;bi-&quot; and &quot;di-&quot;
-- There are two preverbs: &quot;bi-&quot; and &quot;di-&quot;. These preverbs can change form
-- depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getPreverb = {}

do
	getPreverb['bi'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local verbStruct = opts.verbStruct
	    local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi
	
	    -- Preverb verbs don't use the preverb &quot;bi-&quot;: ra-kirin (ez ê rakim), ve-xwarin (ez ê vexwim) , ...
	    -- But compound verb and simple verbs use it: hez kirin (ez ê hez bi-kim), lê bigirin (ez ê lê bi-girim), ...
	    if (verbStruct == 'preverbVerb') then
	        return ''
	    end
	
	    if overrideBi then return overrideBi end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] end
	
	    -- Modification of the preverbe &quot;bi-&quot; according to the last letter of the stem.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[aeêiîouû]') then
	        return 'b'
	    end
	
	    return 'bi'
	end
	
	getPreverb['di'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi
	
	    if overrideDi then return overrideDi end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] end
	
	    -- Modification of the preverbe &quot;di-&quot; according to the last letter of the stem.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[ai]') then
	        return 'd'
	    end
	    -- Ex. hatin : stem = -ê- // ez têm
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[êî]') then
	        return 't'
	    end
	
	    return 'di'
	end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR NEGATION PREFIXES: &quot;na-&quot; and &quot;ne-&quot;
-- There are two negation prefixes: &quot;na-&quot; and &quot;ne-&quot;. These preverbs can change
-- form depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getNegPrefix = {}

do
	getNegPrefix['na'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa
	
	    if overrideNa then return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNa .. '&lt;/b&gt;' end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] end
	
	    -- Add sufix &quot;-y&quot; before certain vowels.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;nay&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	    -- Elision before stems beginning with &quot;a-&quot; (removal of the final &quot;-e&quot;).
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;n&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    -- Tîpa duyem &quot;-a-&quot; ye (k-a-rîn, z-a-nîn, ...)
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^%wa') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;ni&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    return '&lt;b&gt;na&lt;/b&gt;'
	end

	getNegPrefix['ne'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local tenseName = opts.tenseName
	    local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm
	    local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe
	
	    if overrideNe then return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;' end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] end
	
	    local negPrefix = 'ne'
	    -- There are two forms of construction of the imperative,
	    -- one with the prefix &quot;me-&quot; and the other with the prefix &quot;ne-&quot;.
	    if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then
	        negPrefix = (impNegForm == 2) and 'ne' or 'me'
	    end
	
	    -- Add sufix &quot;-y&quot; before certain vowels.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. 'y&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    -- Elision before stems beginning with &quot;a-&quot; (removal of the final &quot;-e&quot;).
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
	        negPrefix = mw.ustring.sub(negPrefix, 1, -2)
	        return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- Standardization of the PREVERBAL PARTICLE
-- The proverbial particle &quot;ê&quot; is placed after the personal pronoun.
-- =============================================================================
-- If there are no verbal preparticles, return empty table.
function export.getPreverbParticules(preverbParticle, typeStem, isTransitive)
    if not preverbParticle then
        return {s1='', s2='', s3='', p1='', p2='', p3=''}
    end

    if preverbParticle == 'ê' then
        local isErgative = isTransitive and (typeStem == 'past')

        -- When the personal pronoun ends in a vowel, a &quot;y-&quot; is added before &quot;ê&quot;.
        -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: &quot;min&quot;, &quot;te&quot;, ...
        if isErgative then
            return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='yê/dê', p1='yê/dê', p2='yê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
        else
            return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='ê/dê', p1='ê/dê', p2='ê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
        end
    end

    -- If the verbal preparticle is identical for all pronouns,
    -- we create a table with the same value.
    local preverbParticles = {}
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        preverbParticles[pers] = preverbParticle
    end

    return preverbParticles
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING EACH VERB TENSE
-- This table lists, for each verb tense, what elements are required to form it:
--   - Verb conjugation is built by placing either the preverb &quot;bi-&quot; or &quot;di-&quot; before
--     the verb stem (past or present), followed by a personal ending.
--   - For the negative form, one of the prefixes &quot;na-&quot; or &quot;ne-&quot; is added as well.
--   - In some cases, a preverbal particle such as /ê/ or /dê/ is added before
--     the conjugated verb as well.
-- Not: - The &quot;negPreverb&quot; (preverb (bi-/di-) for negative tenses) parameter has a
--         value different from &quot;nil&quot; only for the Imperfect tense (&quot;negPreverb=di&quot;).
--      - The parameter &quot;negPrefix=na&quot; is used only for the present indicative.
--
-- Preverb &quot;di&quot;, used in: &quot;indPresent&quot;(present stem), &quot;indImperfect&quot;(past stem)
--                        - Bo neyînî: pêşgira &quot;di-&quot; tenê di nav dema &quot;IndImperfect&quot; de tê bikaranîn.
-- Preverb &quot;bi&quot;, used in: &quot;indFuture&quot;(present stem), &quot;subPresent&quot;(present stem),
--                         &quot;subImperfect&quot;(past stem) = &quot;condPresent&quot;(past stem)
--                        - The prefix &quot;bi-&quot; isn't used in negative forms.
--
-- Present stem, used in: &quot;indPresent&quot;(di)(na),
--                        &quot;indFuture&quot;(bi)(ne) = &quot;subPresent&quot;(bi)(ne)
--
-- Past stem, used in: &quot;indPreterite&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indImperfect&quot;(di)(ne), &quot;indPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;indPerfect&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indNwPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indFuturePerfect&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;subPreterite&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;subImperfect&quot;(bi)(ne) = &quot;condPresent&quot;(bi)(ne),
--                     &quot;subPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne) = &quot;condPreterite&quot;(-)(ne)
-- =============================================================================
-- Some conjugations are identical except that they differ only in the preverbal particle (/ê/, /dê/).
-- So, to avoid repeating the same information (and thus risking errors),
-- we establish the common part shared between these verbs.
local sharedTenseRules = {
    indFuture = {
        stem         = &quot;present&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['bi'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['present']
    },

    indFuturePerfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibim']
    },

    subImperfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['bi'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ama']
    },

    subPluperfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûma']
    }
}

local mt = {
    __index = function(t, k)
        local commonRules = t._commonRules
        if commonRules then return commonRules[k] end
    end
}

-- TENSES CONJUGATION RULES
export.tenseRules = {
    -- IMPERATIVE MOOD
    impPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;impPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raweya fermanî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present imperative&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;imperative&quot;,
        _commonRules = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    -- INDICATIVE MOOD
    indPresent = {
        name         = &quot;indPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema niha&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;present&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['di'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['na'],
        endings      = getEndings['present'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indPreterite = {
        name         = &quot;indPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya sade&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;simple past&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['past'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indImperfect = {
        name         = &quot;indImperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya berdest&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;Imperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['di'],
        negPreverb   = getPreverb['di'],
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['past'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indPluperfect    = {
        name         = &quot;indPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûr&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;pluperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûm'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indFuture = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;indFuture&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema bê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;future&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    indFuturePerfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;indFuturePerfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dahatiya pêş&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;future perfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuturePerfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    -- In some books, the &quot;perfect&quot; and &quot;nonconfirmative pluperfect&quot; tenses
    -- are classified in the &quot;inferential mood&quot; (&quot;moda neşahidî&quot;).
    -- Currently we classify them using the indicative mood (at the end).
    indPerfect = {
        name         = &quot;indPerfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûdar&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;perfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ime'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indNwPluperfect = {
        name         = &quot;indNwPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;çîrokiya boriya dûdar&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;non-witnessed pluperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûme'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    -- SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
    subjPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema nihaya xwestekî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    subjPreterite = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema boriya xwestekî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;preterite subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuturePerfect,
        preverbParticle = nil,
    }, mt),

    subjImperfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjImperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya bilaniyê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;imperfect subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subImperfect,
        preverbParticle = nil,
    }, mt),

    subjPluperfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûr a bilaniyê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;pluperfect subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subPluperfect,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    -- CONDITIONAL MOOD
    condPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;condPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;çîrokiya dema nihaya mercî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present conditional&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;conditional&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subImperfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    condPreterite = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;condPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema boriya mercî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;preterite conditional&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;conditional&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subPluperfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

}

-- =============================================================================
-- MAIN CONJUGATION FUNCTOIN
-- This function returns an array containing the conjugation table for a given
-- tense as well as other information about the conjugated verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugate(opts)
    opts = opts or {}
    -- Required parameters
    local tense          = opts.tense or error(&quot;'tense' required&quot;, 2)
    --One of the two parameters is required:
    --  - If the tense uses the present stem, indicate &quot;presentStem&quot;.
    --  - If it uses the past stem, indicate &quot;pastStem&quot;.
    local presentStem    = opts.presentStem
    local pastStem       = opts.pastStem
    -- Optional parameters
    local isTransitive   = opts.isTransitive or false   -- Indicate if the verb is transitive (true/false)
    local isNegative     = opts.isNegative or false     -- Indicate if it's the negative form (true/false)
    local isCompoundVerb = opts.isCompoundVerb or false -- Indicate if it's a compound verb (true/false)
    local preSimpleVerb  = opts.preSimpleVerb or ''     -- The part before the simple verb
    local postSimpleVerb = opts.postSimpleVerb or ''    -- The part after the simple verb
    -- These parameters are provided when the verb is irregular.
    -- Allows you to manually modify preverbs (&quot;bi-&quot;&quot; or &quot;di-&quot;)
    -- and negation prefixes (&quot;na-&quot; or &quot;ne-&quot;)
    local overrideBi     = opts.overrideBi or nil
    local overrideDi     = opts.overrideDi or nil
    local overrideNa     = opts.overrideNa or nil
    local overrideNe     = opts.overrideNe or nil
    -- By default, the negation of the imperative is constructed from the prefix &quot;me-&quot;&quot;.
    -- To obtain the second variant, the prefix with &quot;ne-&quot;, you must specify &quot;impNegForm=2&quot;.
    local impNegForm     = opts.impNegForm or nil

	-- We add a space to the left of the &quot;postSimpleVerb&quot; because it shouldn't be attached
	-- to the simple verb.
	if (postSimpleVerb ~= '' and postSimpleVerb ~=nil) then
		postSimpleVerb = ' ' .. postSimpleVerb
	end

    -- Access to the classification table and retrieval of verb tense parameters
    local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy') or false

    -- We check that this tense is indeed in table &quot;tenseRules&quot;.
    if (not infoTense) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    -- We check that one of the two parameters of the stem is given
    if (infoTense.stem == 'present' and not presentStem) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;presentStem parameter required&lt;/span&gt;'
    elseif (infoTense.stem == 'past' and not pastStem) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;pasttStem parameter required&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    -- Choice between the present stem or past stem
    local stem = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStem or pastStem

    --────────────────────────────
    -- Conjugation construction --
    -- ───────────────────────────
    local preverb = ''
    local negPrefix = ''
    -- Ruturns the verb type: &quot;simpleVerb&quot; or &quot;preverbVerb&quot; or &quot;compoundVerb&quot;
    local verbStruct = export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)

    if isNegative then
        negPrefix = infoTense.negPrefix{stem=stem, tenseName=tense,
                                        impNegForm=impNegForm,
                                        overrideNa=overrideNa, overrideNe=overrideNe}
        if infoTense.negPreverb then
            preverb = infoTense.negPreverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
                                           overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
        end
    else
        if infoTense.preverb then
            preverb = infoTense.preverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
                                        overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
        end
    end

    infoTense.conj = {}
    local spacing = isCompoundVerb and ' ' or ''
    local endings = infoTense:endings(stem)
    -- local preverbParticles = export.getPreverbParticules(infoTense.preverbParticle, infoTense.stem, isTransitive)
    local isErgative = isTransitive and (infoTense.stem == 'past')

    -- Creating the conjugation table for a given tense
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local ending
        local conjSimbleVerb
        local conjVerb

        if isErgative then
            ending = endings.s3
        else
            ending = endings[pers]
        end

        -- Adding space after the preverbal particle
		--[[
        local preverbParticle = preverbParticles[pers]
        if preverbParticle ~= '' then
            preverbParticle = preverbParticle .. ' '
        end
		--]]
		
        conjSimbleVerb = negPrefix  .. preverb .. stem .. ending
        -- Adding prefixe and suffixe
        conjVerb =  preSimpleVerb .. spacing .. conjSimbleVerb .. postSimpleVerb
        -- Spelling correction(îy -&gt; iy)
        conjVerb = mw.ustring.gsub(conjVerb, 'îy', 'iy')
        -- Add a link
        conjVerb = link{term=conjVerb, lang=langKu}
        -- Addition of the preverbal particle
        -- infoTense.conj[pers] = preverbParticle .. conjVerb
		infoTense.conj[pers] = conjVerb
    end

    -- Imperative
    if (infoTense.name == 'impPresent') then
        infoTense.conj.s1 = nil
        infoTense.conj.s2 = infoTense.conj.s3
        infoTense.conj.s3 = nil
        infoTense.conj.p1 = nil
        -- infoTense.conj.p2 = infoTense.conj.p2
        infoTense.conj.p3 = nil
    end

    return infoTense
end

-- =============================================================================
--                               END
-- =============================================================================
-- Some useful tools
-- =============================================================================
-- Returns the list of verb tenses
export.tensesList = function()
	local list = {}
    for _, tense in pairs(export.tenseRules) do
        table.insert(list, tense.name)
    end
	return list
end

-- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
-- (for a given conjugate tense in all persons of that tense)
function export.concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjVerbs)
	local concatTab = {}
	for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
		concatTab[pers] = pronoms[pers] .. ' ' .. conjVerbs[pers]
	end

	return concatTab
end
-- =============================================================================
-- ADDITIONAL STEM OF THE PAST AND PRESENT (pastStem2, ... and presentStem2, ...)
-- This function does nothing more than add additional parameters for verb stems
-- in the past and present tenses.
-- Conjugations for the different stems will be separated by &quot;/&quot;
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems)
    local opts = baseOpts or {}
     opts.tense = tense or nil
     
    presentStems = presentStems or {}
	pastStems = pastStems or {}

    
    local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy') or false

    -- We check that this tense is indeed in table &quot;tenseRules&quot;.
    if not infoTense then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    local stems = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStems or pastStems

    -- For each verb stem, its conjugation table is calculated and stored in conjTabs.
    local conjTabs = {}
    for i = 1, #stems do
        if stems[i] then
            if (infoTense.stem == 'past') then opts.pastStem = stems[i] end
            if (infoTense.stem == 'present') then opts.presentStem = stems[i] end

            local conj = export.conjugate(opts).conj
            table.insert(conjTabs, conj)
        end
    end

    -- We concatenate each row of the conjugation tables.
    local concatConjTabs = {}
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local frag = {}
        for i = 1, #conjTabs do
            local val = conjTabs[i][pers]
            if val then table.insert(frag, tostring(val)) end
        end
        concatConjTabs[pers] = table.concat(frag, &quot; / &quot;)
    end

    infoTense.conj = concatConjTabs

    return infoTense
end

-- ====================================================================================
--  VERB CONUGATION IN ALL TENSES WITH PRONOUMS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, negation, concatPrs)
	-- &quot;concatPrs=false&quot; table without pronouns
	
    local opts = baseOpts or {}
    
    if negation == 'negative' then opts.isNegative = true end

    -- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
	local concatPronomsVerbs = export.concatPronomsVerbs

    -- Tenses list
    local tensesList = export.tensesList()

    -- Conjugation in all tenses
    local conjTab = {}
    for _, tense in ipairs(tensesList) do
        local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy')

		-- We create the conjugation table without the pronouns.
        conjTab[tense] = deepCopy(export.conjugateLong(opts, tense, presentStems, pastStems), 'copy')
		
        -- We concatenate the pronouns and the verbs if &quot;concatPrs&quot; is different of &quot;false&quot;
		-- No pronouns for the imperative mood
		if (tense ~= 'impPresent' and concatPrs ~= false) then
			local pronoms = deepCopy(export.conjPronouns(infoTense.stem, infoTense.mode, opts.isTransitive))
        	conjTab[tense].conj = concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjTab[tense].conj)
        end
    end

    return conjTab
end

-- ====================================================================================
-- Allows you to obtain a given conjugation from a model.
-- Ex. in the template: {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=s1}}
-- See {{ku-tewîn-lk-niha}}
-- ====================================================================================
function export.tew(frame)
   local args = frame:getParent().args

    local baseOpts = {
        isNegative     = frame.args['neyînî'] or false,
        isTransitive   = args['form'],
        isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = args['pêşgir'] or nil,
        postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil,
        overrideBi     = args['bi'] or nil,
        overrideDi     = args['di'] or nil,
        overrideNa     = args['na'] or nil,
        overrideNe     = args['ne'] or nil,
        impNegForm     = nil
    }
	
	local tense        = frame.args['dem'] or nil
	local pers         = frame.args['kes'] or nil
    local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
    local pastStems    = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}

    -- A few checks
    if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = true
    elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = false
    else
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
    else
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
    end

    if (baseOpts.isNegative == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isNegative = true
    end

	local tabConj = export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems).conj
	
    return tabConj[pers]
end

-- ====================================================================================
-- GET COMMMA SEPARED FORMS
-- Bnr. [[MediaWiki:Gadget-QQ.js]]
-- ====================================================================================
function export.get_comma_separated_forms(frame)
    local opts = {
        presentStem    = frame.args['niha'],
        pastStem       = frame.args['borî'],
        isTransitive   = false,
        isNegative     = false,
        isCompoundVerb = frame['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = frame['pêşgir'] or '',
        postSimpleVerb = frame['paşgir'] or '',
        overrideBi     = frame['bi'] or nil,
        overrideDi     = frame['di'] or nil,
        overrideNa     = frame['na'] or nil,
        overrideNe     = frame['ne'] or nil,
        impNegForm     = nil,
    }

   local function removeTags(tag)
		tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '%[%[(.+)%|(.+)%]%]', '%2')
		tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '&lt;b&gt;(.+)&lt;/b&gt;', '%1')
		tag = mw.ustring.gsub(tag, '&lt;span(.*)&gt;(.*)&lt;/span&gt;', '%2')

		return tag
   end

   local function concateList(tenseList)
        local concatList = {}
        for _, pers in ipairs({&quot;s1&quot;, &quot;s2&quot;, &quot;s3&quot;, &quot;p1&quot;}) do
        	local tense = removeTags(tenseList[pers]) -- Remove tags
            table.insert(concatList, tense)
        end

        return table.concat(concatList, &quot;,&quot;)
   end

   	local tenseList = {'indPresent','indPreterite','indImperfect',
                      'indPluperfect','indPerfect','indNwPluperfect',
                      'indFuture','indFuturePerfect',
                      'subjImperfect','subjPluperfect'
                    }
                    
    local concatAllTense = {}
    
    for  i = 1, #tenseList do
        local tense = tenseList[i]
        if export.tenseRules[tense] then
            opts.tense = tense
            local conj = shallowCopy(export.conjugate(opts).conj)
            local concatTense = concateList(conj)
            table.insert(concatAllTense, concatTense)
        end
    end
    
    return table.concat(concatAllTense, &quot;,&quot;)
end

return export</text>
      <sha1>hk4a0gxoqnxtfo08nz327mw5kr8tv26</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237224</id>
      <parentid>6237217</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T23:16:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>6237224</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="40350" sha1="h254pf3ttkgzc8y8b7l7o6ke10lthzk" xml:space="preserve">-- Modula tewandina lêkerên kurmancî

local export = {}

-- Load irregular forms table
-- local irreg = require('Module:ku-tewandin/dijrêzik')
local langKu = require(&quot;Modul:languages&quot;).getByCode(&quot;ku&quot;)
local link = require('Module:links').language_link
local shallowCopy = require(&quot;Module:table/shallowCopy&quot;)
local deepCopy = require(&quot;Module:table/deepCopy&quot;)

-- =============================================================================
-- Pronouns in Kurmanji
-- =============================================================================
export.order = {&quot;s1&quot;, &quot;s2&quot;, &quot;s3&quot;, &quot;p1&quot;, &quot;p2&quot;, &quot;p3&quot;}

export.pronouns = {
    s1 = &quot;ez&quot;,    p1 = &quot;em&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;tu&quot;,    p2 = &quot;hûn&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;ew&quot;,    p3 = &quot;ew&quot;
}

export.obliquePronouns = {
    s1 = &quot;min&quot;,      p1 = &quot;me&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;te&quot;,       p2 = &quot;we&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;wê/wî&quot;,    p3 = &quot;wan&quot;
}

export.agents = {
    s1 = &quot;te, wî, wê, we, wan&quot;,            p1 = &quot;te, wî, wê, we, wan&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;min, wî, wê, me, wan&quot;,           p2 = &quot;min, wî, wê, me, wan&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;min, te, wî, wê, me, we, wan&quot;,   p3 = &quot;min, te, wî, wê, me, we, wan&quot;
}

-- Oblique pronoun (green) 
export.obliquePronounsGreen = {
    s1 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;min&lt;/span&gt;',
    s2 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;te&lt;/span&gt;',
    s3 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;wê/wî&lt;/span&gt;',
    p1 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;me&lt;/span&gt;',
    p2 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;we&lt;/span&gt;',
    p3 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;wan&lt;/span&gt;'
}

-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- 1) This function returns correct subject/agent pronoun, ergativity rule:
--   - Transitive verbs in past tenses → oblique pronoun (green) = agent
--   - All other cases                 → direct pronoun (no color) = subject
-- 2) Also add the subjunctive prefix &quot;(bila)&quot;
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
function export.conjPronouns(stemType, mode, isTransitive)
    local pronouns = shallowCopy(export.pronouns)

    -- Ergativity in kurdish: transitive verbs that are conjugated with the past tense stem are
    -- conjugated according to the object, not the subject.
    -- Therefore, to have an ergative construction,
    -- the verb must be transitive and its stem must be the stem of the past tense.
    local isErgative = isTransitive and (stemType == 'past')

    -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: &quot;min&quot;, &quot;te&quot;, ...
    -- If it's not ergative, we use normal pronouns: &quot;ez&quot;, &quot;tu&quot;, ...
    if isErgative then
        pronouns = shallowCopy(export.obliquePronounsGreen)
    end

    -- For the subjunctive mood, we add &quot;(bila)&quot; at the beginning.
    if mode == 'subjunctive' then
    	local subjPrefix = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(bila)&lt;/span&gt;'
        for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
            pronouns[pers] = subjPrefix .. ' ' .. pronouns[pers]
        end
    end
    return pronouns
end

-- =============================================================================
-- VERBAL STRUCTURE IN THE INFINITIVE:
-- Verbs in the infinitive appear in three main forms:
--  1) Simple verb (indivisible light verb):
--       - ex.:  &quot;kirin&quot;, &quot;çûn&quot;, &quot;xwarin&quot;, ...
--  2) Verbs with preverbs (preverb + simple verb):
--       - ex.: &quot;rakirin&quot; (ra- + kirin), &quot;çêkirin&quot; (çê- + kirin), &quot;vexwarin&quot; (ve- + xwarin), ...
--       - Preverb verbs don't use the prefix &quot;bi-&quot; (ez ê rakim , ew ê rake , ...)
--  3) Compound verbs, construction with non-verbal element (the noun is not attached to the verb):
--       - Left of the simple verb: &quot;hez kirin&quot; (&quot;hez&quot; + &quot;kirin&quot;), &quot;li dar xistin&quot; (&quot;li dar&quot; + &quot;xistin&quot;), ...
--       - Right of the simple verb: &quot;kirin der&quot; (&quot;kirin&quot; + &quot;der&quot;), &quot;girtin ser xwe&quot; (&quot;girtin&quot; + &quot;ser xwe&quot;), ...
--       - Compound verbs use the prefix &quot;bi-&quot; (ez ê hez bi-kim , ew ê hez bi-ke )

-- STRUCTURE:  preSimpleVerb + spacing + simpleVerb + postSimpleVerb
-- EX.     kirin: preSimpleVerb='';    spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--       rakirin: preSimpleVerb='ra';  spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--     hez kirin: preSimpleVerb='hez'; spacing=true;  simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--       pev çûn: preSimpleVerb='pev'; spacing=true;  simpleVerb='çûn';   postSimpleVerb=''
--     kirin der: preSimpleVerb='';    spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='der'

-- WARNING: Conjugation can vary depending on the type of verb.
-- For example, in the future tense,the prefix &quot;bi&quot; is used for compound verbs,
-- but not for preverbal verbs, see the function that manages it  &quot;tenseRules&quot; table.
-- This table does not yet support the mixed case: a verb composed of a noun and a preverb verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
    local struct

    if (preSimpleVerb and preSimpleVerb ~= '' and not isCompoundVerb) then
        struct = 'preverbVerb'
    elseif isCompoundVerb then
        struct = 'compoundVerb'
    else
        struct = 'simpleVerb'
    end

    return struct
end

-- ================================================================
-- INFLECTIONAL ENDINGS
-- Assigns verb inflectional endings (suffixes) to all tenses
-- ================================================================
local getEndings = {}

do
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ending using present stem
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['present'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        else
            ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='e', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ind. preterite + ind. imperfect ending
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['past'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
		local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiouû]$') then
            ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then
           -- if self.name == 'indImperfect' then
           --     -- special indicative ind. imperfect rule
           --     ends = {s1='yam', s2='yayî', s3='ya', p1='yan', p2='yan', p3='yan'}
           -- end
            ends = {s1='m', s2='', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        else
            ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Compound endings with auxiliary &quot;bûn&quot;
    -- Inflectional endings are created by taking the different forms of the
    -- verb &quot;bûn&quot; (with present stem &quot;-b-&quot; and past stem &quot;-bû-&quot;) and
    -- adding an &quot;i-&quot; prefix before them: &quot;i-b-im&quot;, &quot;i-bû-m&quot;, &quot;i-bû-me&quot;, &quot;i-bû-ma&quot;.
    -- This &quot;i-&quot; varies according to the final letter of the verb stem.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    local function normalize_i(stem)
        local prfx_i = &quot;i&quot;
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, &quot;ya$&quot;) or
           mw.ustring.match(stem, &quot;[îû]$&quot;) then -- cf. karîn (-karî-)
           	prfx_i = &quot;&quot;
        elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiou]$') then
            prfx_i = &quot;yi&quot;
        end
        return prfx_i
    end

    getEndings['ibim'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bim&quot;,   p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;be&quot;,    p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûm'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûm&quot;,     p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bû&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûme'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûme&quot;,      p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyiye&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûye&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûma'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûma&quot;,      p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyayî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûya&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;
        }
    end
    
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ind. perfect ending.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['ime'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends

        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;me&quot;, s2=&quot;yî&quot;, s3=&quot;ye&quot;, p1=&quot;ne&quot;, p2=&quot;ne&quot;, p3=&quot;ne&quot;}
        else
            ends = {s1=&quot;ime&quot;, s2=&quot;iyî&quot;, s3=&quot;iye&quot;, p1=&quot;ine&quot;, p2=&quot;ine&quot;, p3=&quot;ine&quot;}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Subj. Imperfect ending.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['ama'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends

        -- The doublet in &quot;-iyan&quot; of verbs in -&quot;în&quot; (gerîn/-geriya-, kenîn/-keniya-, ...),
        -- in the conditional and subjunctive moods, a doublet &quot;yaya&quot; appears; it's removed.
        -- -yayayî → -yayî; -yaya → -ya
		if mw.ustring.match(stem, '(ya)$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;ma&quot;, s2=&quot;yî&quot;, s3=&quot;&quot;, p1=&quot;na&quot;, p2=&quot;na&quot;, p3=&quot;na&quot;}
		elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;ma&quot;, s2=&quot;yayî&quot;, s3=&quot;ya&quot;, p1=&quot;na&quot;, p2=&quot;na&quot;, p3=&quot;na&quot;}
        else
            ends = {s1=&quot;ama&quot;, s2=&quot;ayî&quot;, s3=&quot;a&quot;, p1=&quot;ana&quot;, p2=&quot;ana&quot;, p3=&quot;ana&quot;}
        end
        return ends
    end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR PREVERBS: &quot;bi-&quot; and &quot;di-&quot;
-- There are two preverbs: &quot;bi-&quot; and &quot;di-&quot;. These preverbs can change form
-- depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getPreverb = {}

do
	getPreverb['bi'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local verbStruct = opts.verbStruct
	    local overrideBi = opts.overrideBi
	
	    -- Preverb verbs don't use the preverb &quot;bi-&quot;: ra-kirin (ez ê rakim), ve-xwarin (ez ê vexwim) , ...
	    -- But compound verb and simple verbs use it: hez kirin (ez ê hez bi-kim), lê bigirin (ez ê lê bi-girim), ...
	    if (verbStruct == 'preverbVerb') then
	        return ''
	    end
	
	    if overrideBi then return overrideBi end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikBi[stem] end
	
	    -- Modification of the preverbe &quot;bi-&quot; according to the last letter of the stem.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[aeêiîouû]') then
	        return 'b'
	    end
	
	    return 'bi'
	end
	
	getPreverb['di'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local overrideDi = opts.overrideDi
	
	    if overrideDi then return overrideDi end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikDi[stem] end
	
	    -- Modification of the preverbe &quot;di-&quot; according to the last letter of the stem.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[ai]') then
	        return 'd'
	    end
	    -- Ex. hatin : stem = -ê- // ez têm
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[êî]') then
	        return 't'
	    end
	
	    return 'di'
	end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR NEGATION PREFIXES: &quot;na-&quot; and &quot;ne-&quot;
-- There are two negation prefixes: &quot;na-&quot; and &quot;ne-&quot;. These preverbs can change
-- form depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getNegPrefix = {}

do
	getNegPrefix['na'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local overrideNa = opts.overrideNa
	
	    if overrideNa then return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNa .. '&lt;/b&gt;' end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] end
	
	    -- Add sufix &quot;-y&quot; before certain vowels.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;nay&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	    -- Elision before stems beginning with &quot;a-&quot; (removal of the final &quot;-e&quot;).
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;n&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    -- Tîpa duyem &quot;-a-&quot; ye (k-a-rîn, z-a-nîn, ...)
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^%wa') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;ni&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    return '&lt;b&gt;na&lt;/b&gt;'
	end

	getNegPrefix['ne'] = function (opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local tenseName = opts.tenseName
	    local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm
	    local overrideNe = opts.overrideNe
	
	    if overrideNe then return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;' end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNe[stem] end
	
	    local negPrefix = 'ne'
	    -- There are two forms of construction of the imperative,
	    -- one with the prefix &quot;me-&quot; and the other with the prefix &quot;ne-&quot;.
	    if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then
	        negPrefix = (impNegForm == 2) and 'ne' or 'me'
	    end
	
	    -- Add sufix &quot;-y&quot; before certain vowels.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. 'y&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    -- Elision before stems beginning with &quot;a-&quot; (removal of the final &quot;-e&quot;).
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
	        negPrefix = mw.ustring.sub(negPrefix, 1, -2)
	        return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- Standardization of the PREVERBAL PARTICLE
-- The proverbial particle &quot;ê&quot; is placed after the personal pronoun.
-- =============================================================================
-- If there are no verbal preparticles, return empty table.
function export.getPreverbParticules(preverbParticle, typeStem, isTransitive)
    if not preverbParticle then
        return {s1='', s2='', s3='', p1='', p2='', p3=''}
    end

    if preverbParticle == 'ê' then
        local isErgative = isTransitive and (typeStem == 'past')

        -- When the personal pronoun ends in a vowel, a &quot;y-&quot; is added before &quot;ê&quot;.
        -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: &quot;min&quot;, &quot;te&quot;, ...
        if isErgative then
            return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='yê/dê', p1='yê/dê', p2='yê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
        else
            return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='ê/dê', p1='ê/dê', p2='ê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
        end
    end

    -- If the verbal preparticle is identical for all pronouns,
    -- we create a table with the same value.
    local preverbParticles = {}
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        preverbParticles[pers] = preverbParticle
    end

    return preverbParticles
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING EACH VERB TENSE
-- This table lists, for each verb tense, what elements are required to form it:
--   - Verb conjugation is built by placing either the preverb &quot;bi-&quot; or &quot;di-&quot; before
--     the verb stem (past or present), followed by a personal ending.
--   - For the negative form, one of the prefixes &quot;na-&quot; or &quot;ne-&quot; is added as well.
--   - In some cases, a preverbal particle such as /ê/ or /dê/ is added before
--     the conjugated verb as well.
-- Not: - The &quot;negPreverb&quot; (preverb (bi-/di-) for negative tenses) parameter has a
--         value different from &quot;nil&quot; only for the Imperfect tense (&quot;negPreverb=di&quot;).
--      - The parameter &quot;negPrefix=na&quot; is used only for the present indicative.
--
-- Preverb &quot;di&quot;, used in: &quot;indPresent&quot;(present stem), &quot;indImperfect&quot;(past stem)
--                        - Bo neyînî: pêşgira &quot;di-&quot; tenê di nav dema &quot;IndImperfect&quot; de tê bikaranîn.
-- Preverb &quot;bi&quot;, used in: &quot;indFuture&quot;(present stem), &quot;subPresent&quot;(present stem),
--                         &quot;subImperfect&quot;(past stem) = &quot;condPresent&quot;(past stem)
--                        - The prefix &quot;bi-&quot; isn't used in negative forms.
--
-- Present stem, used in: &quot;indPresent&quot;(di)(na),
--                        &quot;indFuture&quot;(bi)(ne) = &quot;subPresent&quot;(bi)(ne)
--
-- Past stem, used in: &quot;indPreterite&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indImperfect&quot;(di)(ne), &quot;indPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;indPerfect&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indNwPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indFuturePerfect&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;subPreterite&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;subImperfect&quot;(bi)(ne) = &quot;condPresent&quot;(bi)(ne),
--                     &quot;subPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne) = &quot;condPreterite&quot;(-)(ne)
-- =============================================================================
-- Some conjugations are identical except that they differ only in the preverbal particle (/ê/, /dê/).
-- So, to avoid repeating the same information (and thus risking errors),
-- we establish the common part shared between these verbs.
local sharedTenseRules = {
    indFuture = {
        stem         = &quot;present&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['bi'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['present']
    },

    indFuturePerfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibim']
    },

    subImperfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['bi'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ama']
    },

    subPluperfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûma']
    }
}

local mt = {
    __index = function(t, k)
        local commonRules = t._commonRules
        if commonRules then return commonRules[k] end
    end
}

-- TENSES CONJUGATION RULES
export.tenseRules = {
    -- IMPERATIVE MOOD
    impPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;impPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raweya fermanî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present imperative&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;imperative&quot;,
        _commonRules = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    -- INDICATIVE MOOD
    indPresent = {
        name         = &quot;indPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema niha&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;present&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['di'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['na'],
        endings      = getEndings['present'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indPreterite = {
        name         = &quot;indPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya sade&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;simple past&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['past'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indImperfect = {
        name         = &quot;indImperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya berdest&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;Imperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['di'],
        negPreverb   = getPreverb['di'],
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['past'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indPluperfect    = {
        name         = &quot;indPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûr&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;pluperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûm'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indFuture = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;indFuture&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema bê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;future&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    indFuturePerfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;indFuturePerfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dahatiya pêş&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;future perfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuturePerfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    -- In some books, the &quot;perfect&quot; and &quot;nonconfirmative pluperfect&quot; tenses
    -- are classified in the &quot;inferential mood&quot; (&quot;moda neşahidî&quot;).
    -- Currently we classify them using the indicative mood (at the end).
    indPerfect = {
        name         = &quot;indPerfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûdar&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;perfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ime'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indNwPluperfect = {
        name         = &quot;indNwPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;çîrokiya boriya dûdar&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;non-witnessed pluperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûme'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    -- SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
    subjPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema nihaya xwestekî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    subjPreterite = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema boriya xwestekî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;preterite subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuturePerfect,
        preverbParticle = nil,
    }, mt),

    subjImperfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjImperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya bilaniyê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;imperfect subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subImperfect,
        preverbParticle = nil,
    }, mt),

    subjPluperfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûr a bilaniyê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;pluperfect subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subPluperfect,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    -- CONDITIONAL MOOD
    condPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;condPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;çîrokiya dema nihaya mercî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present conditional&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;conditional&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subImperfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    condPreterite = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;condPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema boriya mercî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;preterite conditional&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;conditional&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subPluperfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

}

-- =============================================================================
-- MAIN CONJUGATION FUNCTOIN
-- This function returns an array containing the conjugation table for a given
-- tense as well as other information about the conjugated verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugate(opts)
    opts = opts or {}
    -- Required parameters
    local tense          = opts.tense or error(&quot;'tense' required&quot;, 2)
    --One of the two parameters is required:
    --  - If the tense uses the present stem, indicate &quot;presentStem&quot;.
    --  - If it uses the past stem, indicate &quot;pastStem&quot;.
    local presentStem    = opts.presentStem
    local pastStem       = opts.pastStem
    -- Optional parameters
    local isTransitive   = opts.isTransitive or false   -- Indicate if the verb is transitive (true/false)
    local isNegative     = opts.isNegative or false     -- Indicate if it's the negative form (true/false)
    local isCompoundVerb = opts.isCompoundVerb or false -- Indicate if it's a compound verb (true/false)
    local preSimpleVerb  = opts.preSimpleVerb or ''     -- The part before the simple verb
    local postSimpleVerb = opts.postSimpleVerb or ''    -- The part after the simple verb
    -- These parameters are provided when the verb is irregular.
    -- Allows you to manually modify preverbs (&quot;bi-&quot;&quot; or &quot;di-&quot;)
    -- and negation prefixes (&quot;na-&quot; or &quot;ne-&quot;)
    local overrideBi     = opts.overrideBi or nil
    local overrideDi     = opts.overrideDi or nil
    local overrideNa     = opts.overrideNa or nil
    local overrideNe     = opts.overrideNe or nil
    -- By default, the negation of the imperative is constructed from the prefix &quot;me-&quot;&quot;.
    -- To obtain the second variant, the prefix with &quot;ne-&quot;, you must specify &quot;impNegForm=2&quot;.
    local impNegForm     = opts.impNegForm or nil
	
	-- If &quot;tags='na'&quot;, remove links/tags
	local tags = opts.tags or 'erê'
	-- If addPreverbParticles='na', remove preverb particles (ê/dê) before
	-- the conjugated verbs.
	local addPreverbParticles = opts.addPreverbParticles or 'erê'

	
	-- We add a space to the left of the &quot;postSimpleVerb&quot; because it shouldn't be attached
	-- to the simple verb.
	if (postSimpleVerb ~= '' and postSimpleVerb ~=nil) then
		postSimpleVerb = ' ' .. postSimpleVerb
	end

    -- Access to the classification table and retrieval of verb tense parameters
    local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy') or false

    -- We check that this tense is indeed in table &quot;tenseRules&quot;.
    if (not infoTense) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    -- We check that one of the two parameters of the stem is given
    if (infoTense.stem == 'present' and not presentStem) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;presentStem parameter required&lt;/span&gt;'
    elseif (infoTense.stem == 'past' and not pastStem) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;pasttStem parameter required&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    -- Choice between the present stem or past stem
    local stem = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStem or pastStem

    --────────────────────────────
    -- Conjugation construction --
    -- ───────────────────────────
    local preverb = ''
    local negPrefix = ''
    -- Ruturns the verb type: &quot;simpleVerb&quot; or &quot;preverbVerb&quot; or &quot;compoundVerb&quot;
    local verbStruct = export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)

    if isNegative then
        negPrefix = infoTense.negPrefix{stem=stem, tenseName=tense,
                                        impNegForm=impNegForm,
                                        overrideNa=overrideNa, overrideNe=overrideNe}
        if infoTense.negPreverb then
            preverb = infoTense.negPreverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
                                           overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
        end
    else
        if infoTense.preverb then
            preverb = infoTense.preverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
                                        overrideBi=overrideBi, overrideDi=overrideDi}
        end
    end

    infoTense.conj = {}
    local spacing = isCompoundVerb and ' ' or ''
    local endings = infoTense:endings(stem)
    local preverbParticles = export.getPreverbParticules(infoTense.preverbParticle, infoTense.stem, isTransitive)
    local isErgative = isTransitive and (infoTense.stem == 'past')

    -- Creating the conjugation table for a given tense
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local ending
        local conjSimbleVerb
        local conjVerb

        if isErgative then
            ending = endings.s3
        else
            ending = endings[pers]
        end

        -- Adding space after the preverbal particle, and
		-- if &quot;addPreverbParticles='na'&quot;: remove preverb particles (ê/dê).
		local preverbParticle = ''
		if infoTense.preverbParticle and addPreverbParticles ~= 'na' then
	            preverbParticle = preverbParticles[pers] .. ' '
		end

        conjSimbleVerb = negPrefix  .. preverb .. stem .. ending
        -- Adding prefixe and suffixe
        conjVerb =  preSimpleVerb .. spacing .. conjSimbleVerb .. postSimpleVerb
        -- Spelling correction(îy -&gt; iy)
        conjVerb = mw.ustring.gsub(conjVerb, 'îy', 'iy')
        -- Add a link / if tags='na' no links
		if tags ~= 'na' then
        	conjVerb = link{term=conjVerb, lang=langKu}
		end
        -- Addition of the preverbal particle
        infoTense.conj[pers] = preverbParticle .. conjVerb
    end

    -- Imperative
    if (infoTense.name == 'impPresent') then
        infoTense.conj.s1 = nil
        infoTense.conj.s2 = infoTense.conj.s3
        infoTense.conj.s3 = nil
        infoTense.conj.p1 = nil
        -- infoTense.conj.p2 = infoTense.conj.p2
        infoTense.conj.p3 = nil
    end

    return infoTense
end

-- =============================================================================
--                               END
-- =============================================================================
-- Some useful tools
-- =============================================================================
-- Returns the list of verb tenses
export.tensesList = function()
	local list = {}
    for _, tense in pairs(export.tenseRules) do
        table.insert(list, tense.name)
    end
	return list
end

-- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
-- (for a given conjugate tense in all persons of that tense)
function export.concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjVerbs)
	local concatTab = {}
	for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
		concatTab[pers] = pronoms[pers] .. ' ' .. conjVerbs[pers]
	end

	return concatTab
end
-- =============================================================================
-- ADDITIONAL STEM OF THE PAST AND PRESENT (pastStem2, ... and presentStem2, ...)
-- This function does nothing more than add additional parameters for verb stems
-- in the past and present tenses.
-- Conjugations for the different stems will be separated by &quot;/&quot;
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems)
    local opts = baseOpts or {}
     opts.tense = tense or nil
     
    presentStems = presentStems or {}
	pastStems = pastStems or {}

    
    local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy') or false

    -- We check that this tense is indeed in table &quot;tenseRules&quot;.
    if not infoTense then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    local stems = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStems or pastStems

    -- For each verb stem, its conjugation table is calculated and stored in conjTabs.
    local conjTabs = {}
    for i = 1, #stems do
        if stems[i] then
            if (infoTense.stem == 'past') then opts.pastStem = stems[i] end
            if (infoTense.stem == 'present') then opts.presentStem = stems[i] end

            local conj = export.conjugate(opts).conj
            table.insert(conjTabs, conj)
        end
    end

    -- We concatenate each row of the conjugation tables.
    local concatConjTabs = {}
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local frag = {}
        for i = 1, #conjTabs do
            local val = conjTabs[i][pers]
            if val then table.insert(frag, tostring(val)) end
        end
        concatConjTabs[pers] = table.concat(frag, &quot; / &quot;)
    end

    infoTense.conj = concatConjTabs

    return infoTense
end

-- ====================================================================================
--  VERB CONUGATION IN ALL TENSES WITH OR WITHOUT PRONOUMS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, negation, concatPrs)
	-- &quot;concatPrs=false&quot; table without pronouns
	
    local opts = baseOpts or {}
    
    if negation == 'negative' then opts.isNegative = true end

    -- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
	local concatPronomsVerbs = export.concatPronomsVerbs

    -- Tenses list
    local tensesList = export.tensesList()

    -- Conjugation in all tenses
    local conjTab = {}
    for _, tense in ipairs(tensesList) do
        local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy')

		-- We create the conjugation table without the pronouns.
        conjTab[tense] = deepCopy(export.conjugateLong(opts, tense, presentStems, pastStems), 'copy')
		
        -- We concatenate the pronouns and the verbs if &quot;concatPrs&quot; is different of &quot;false&quot;
		-- No pronouns for the imperative mood
		if (tense ~= 'impPresent' and concatPrs ~= false) then
			local pronoms = deepCopy(export.conjPronouns(infoTense.stem, infoTense.mode, opts.isTransitive))
        	conjTab[tense].conj = concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjTab[tense].conj)
        end
    end

    return conjTab
end

-- ====================================================================================
-- Allows you to obtain a given conjugation from a model.
-- Ex. {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=s1}}
-- See {{ku-tewîn-lk-niha}}
-- ====================================================================================
function export.tew(frame)
   local args = frame:getParent().args

    local baseOpts = {
        isNegative     = frame.args['neyînî'] or false,
        isTransitive   = args['form'],
        isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = args['pêşgir'] or nil,
        postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil,
		tags           = args['lînk'] or 'erê',
        overrideBi     = args['bi'] or nil,
        overrideDi     = args['di'] or nil,
        overrideNa     = args['na'] or nil,
        overrideNe     = args['ne'] or nil,
        impNegForm     = nil
    }
	
	local tense        = frame.args['dem'] or nil
	local pers         = frame.args['kes'] or nil
    local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
    local pastStems    = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}

    -- A few checks
    if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = true
    elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = false
    else
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
    else
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
    end

    if (baseOpts.isNegative == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isNegative = true
    end

	local tabConj = export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems).conj
	
    return tabConj[pers]
end

-- ====================================================================================
-- GET COMMMA SEPARED FORMS
-- Bnr. [[MediaWiki:Gadget-QQ.js]]
-- Ex. {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|get_comma_separated_forms|niha=kev|borî=ket}}
-- ====================================================================================
function export.get_comma_separated_forms(frame)
    local opts = {
        presentStem    = frame.args['niha'],
        pastStem       = frame.args['borî'],
        isTransitive   = false,
        isNegative     = false,
        isCompoundVerb = frame['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = frame['pêşgir'] or '',
        postSimpleVerb = frame['paşgir'] or '',
        overrideBi     = frame['bi'] or nil,
        overrideDi     = frame['di'] or nil,
        overrideNa     = frame['na'] or nil,
        overrideNe     = frame['ne'] or nil,
        impNegForm     = nil,
		tags           = 'na', -- Remove links/tags
		addPreverbParticles = 'na' -- Remove preverb particles (ê/dê)
    }

   local function concateList(tenseList)
        local concatList = {}
        for _, pers in ipairs({&quot;s1&quot;, &quot;s2&quot;, &quot;s3&quot;, &quot;p1&quot;}) do
        	local tense = tenseList[pers]
            table.insert(concatList, tense)
        end

        return table.concat(concatList, &quot;,&quot;)
   end

   	local tenseList = {'indPresent','indPreterite','indImperfect',
                      'indPluperfect','indPerfect','indNwPluperfect',
                      'indFuture','indFuturePerfect',
                      'subjImperfect','subjPluperfect'
                    }
                    
    local concatAllTense = {}
    
    for  i = 1, #tenseList do
        local tense = tenseList[i]
        if export.tenseRules[tense] then
            opts.tense = tense
            local conj = shallowCopy(export.conjugate(opts).conj)
            local concatTense = concateList(conj)
            table.insert(concatAllTense, concatTense)
        end
    end
    
    return table.concat(concatAllTense, &quot;,&quot;)
end

return export</text>
      <sha1>h254pf3ttkgzc8y8b7l7o6ke10lthzk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>berfîtik</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1356958</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237204</id>
      <parentid>6232776</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T16:24:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Keyomerd</username>
        <id>8814</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kurmancî */</comment>
      <origin>6237204</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="100" sha1="197edbxmclo9kjmq1j8gnq3zrrd4rkb" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{f|ku|teyr|Efrîn}} {{guharto|ku|berfoke}}</text>
      <sha1>197edbxmclo9kjmq1j8gnq3zrrd4rkb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237207</id>
      <parentid>6237204</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T16:25:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Keyomerd</username>
        <id>8814</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Navdêr */</comment>
      <origin>6237207</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="95" sha1="mtz82ns7gkpdll3gz12f4m2az41lwmj" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{f|ku|Efrîn}} {{guharto|ku|berfoke}}</text>
      <sha1>mtz82ns7gkpdll3gz12f4m2az41lwmj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Modul:ku-tewandin/tabloGotar</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>1357097</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237227</id>
      <parentid>6237061</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T23:27:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>6237227</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="5907" sha1="1lgqoutgq5adech90ijnv4uqlagh28a" xml:space="preserve">-- ====================================================================================
-- Modula tabloya gotaran, bikaranîn: {{ku-tewîn-lk}}
-- Ji bo tabloya mezin, bnr. [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo]]
-- Ji bo stîla vê tabloyê, bnr. {{ku-tewîn-nav/style.css}}
-- ====================================================================================
local export = {}

local conj = require('Modul:ku-tewandin')

function export.tew(frame)
   local args = frame:getParent().args

    local baseOpts = {
        isTransitive   = args['form'],
        isNegative     = false,
        isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = args['pêşgir'] or nil,
        postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil,
        overrideBi     = args['bi'] or nil,
        overrideDi     = args['di'] or nil,
        overrideNa     = args['na'] or nil,
        overrideNe     = args['ne'] or nil,
        impNegForm     = nil
		-- tags           = 'erê',
		-- addPreverbParticles = 'erê',
    }
	
    local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
    local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}

    if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = true
    elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = false
    else
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
    else
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
    end

    -- Retrieving conjugation tables for different tenses
	local indPresent = conj.conjugateLong(baseOpts, 'indPresent', presentStems, pastStems).conj
	local impPresent = conj.conjugateLong(baseOpts, 'impPresent', presentStems, pastStems).conj
	local indPreterite = conj.conjugateLong(baseOpts, 'indPreterite', presentStems, pastStems).conj
	
	-- Past pronouns for preterite tense
	local prtPronouns = conj.conjPronouns('past', 'indicative', baseOpts.isTransitive)
	
	-- =========================================================================
	-- TABLE
	-- =========================================================================
	-- Construction of the verbal stems for the table title (&quot;rehNiha&quot; and &quot;rehBori&quot;)
	local verb = args[1] or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText
    local transitivity = args['form']
	local preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or ''
	local postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or ''
	local sameConjAs = args['wekî'] or nil

	local prsStemsFormat = {}
	for _, stem in ipairs(presentStems) do
	    if stem then prsStemsFormat[#prsStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
	end
	
	local pstStemsFormat = {}
	for _, stem in ipairs(pastStems) do
	    if stem then pstStemsFormat[#pstStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
	end
	
	local prsStems = table.concat(prsStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb
	local pstStems = table.concat(pstStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb
	
	-- Formata &quot;Raweya pêşkerî&quot; (RP.)
	local indTitle = '&lt;span style=&quot;cursor:help;&quot; title=&quot;Raweya pêşkerî&quot;&gt;'
					.. '&lt;span style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px dotted #555555; &quot;&gt;RP.&lt;/span&gt;'
				.. '&lt;/span&gt;'
	
	local function nobold(str)
		return '&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt; '.. str .. '&lt;/span&gt;'
	end

	-- Preloads [[Şablon:ku-tewandin/preload]]
	local function preloadUrl(title, preload)
	    local params = {
	    	args['form'],
	    	args['niha'],
	    	args['niha2'] or nil,
	    	args['niha3'] or nil,
	    	args['borî'],
	    	args['borî2'] or nil,
	    	args['pêşgir'] or nil,
	  		args['valahî'] or nil,
	    	args['paşgir'] or nil
	    }

		local query = {
			action = 'edit',
			preload = preload,
			['preloadparams'] = params
		}

	    local url = mw.uri.fullUrl(title, query)
	    url = '&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;['
		          .. tostring(url)
		          .. ' &lt;span style=&quot;color:#9f3526&quot;&gt;'.. title .. '&lt;/span&gt;'
              .. ']&lt;/span&gt;'
	    
	    return url
	end

	-- Formên din
	local otherConjForms
	if (mw.title.new(verb, 'Tewandin').exists == true) then
	    otherConjForms = '[['.. 'Tewandin:'.. verb ..']]'
	elseif sameConjAs then
		otherConjForms = 'wekî [['.. 'Tewandin:' .. sameConjAs ..']]'
	else
		otherConjForms = preloadUrl('Tewandin:' .. verb, 'Şablon:ku-tewandin/preload')
	end
	
   return 
'{| class=&quot;wikitable tablo-flip tewandin-tablo mw-collapsible&quot;'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;3&quot; class=&quot;row-flip tewandin-header&quot; |'
			..  verb .. ' ' .. nobold('('.. transitivity .. '&lt;/span&gt;)')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;3&quot; class=&quot;tewandin-header3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot; |'
			.. nobold('Rehê dema niha:') .. ' ' .. prsStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |' .. indTitle .. '&lt;br&gt;Niha'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| width=&quot;60&quot; |ez'
.. '\n| width=&quot;100&quot; |' .. indPresent.s1
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| tu'
.. '\n|' ..  indPresent.s2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| ew'
.. '\n|' ..  indPresent.s3
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| em, hûn, ew'
.. '\n| ' ..  indPresent.p1
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Fermanî'
.. '\n| width=&quot;60&quot;  | &lt;small&gt;Yekjimar&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n| width=&quot;100&quot; |' ..  impPresent.s2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| width=&quot;60&quot;  | &lt;small&gt;Pirjimar&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n| width=&quot;100&quot; |' ..  impPresent.p2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;3&quot; class=&quot;tewandin-header3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot; |'
			.. nobold('Rehê dema borî:') .. ' ' .. pstStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |'.. indTitle ..'&lt;br&gt;Boriya&lt;br&gt;sade'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|' .. prtPronouns.s1
.. '\n|' .. indPreterite.s1
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|' .. prtPronouns.s2
.. '\n|' .. indPreterite.s2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|' .. prtPronouns.s3
.. '\n|' .. indPreterite.s3
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|' .. prtPronouns.p1 .. ', ' ..  prtPronouns.p2 .. ', ' .. prtPronouns.p3
.. '\n|' .. indPreterite.p1
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; background-color:#transparent;&quot; |'
			.. 'Formên din: [[Wêne:1rightarrow.png|15px|link=]]' .. otherConjForms
.. '\n|}'

end

return export</text>
      <sha1>1lgqoutgq5adech90ijnv4uqlagh28a</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237228</id>
      <parentid>6237227</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T23:29:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>6237228</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="5907" sha1="2ux8rf37znqs6zulzmicgjgx05lllav" xml:space="preserve">-- ====================================================================================
-- Modula tabloya gotaran, bikaranîn: {{ku-tewîn-lk}}
-- Ji bo tabloya mezin, bnr. [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo]]
-- Ji bo stîla vê tabloyê, bnr. {{ku-tewîn-nav/style.css}}
-- ====================================================================================
local export = {}

local conj = require('Modul:ku-tewandin')

function export.tew(frame)
   local args = frame:getParent().args

    local baseOpts = {
        isTransitive   = args['form'],
        isNegative     = false,
        isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = args['pêşgir'] or nil,
        postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil,
        overrideBi     = args['bi'] or nil,
        overrideDi     = args['di'] or nil,
        overrideNa     = args['na'] or nil,
        overrideNe     = args['ne'] or nil,
        impNegForm     = nil,
		-- tags           = 'erê',
		-- addPreverbParticles = 'erê'
    }
	
    local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
    local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}

    if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = true
    elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = false
    else
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
    else
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
    end

    -- Retrieving conjugation tables for different tenses
	local indPresent = conj.conjugateLong(baseOpts, 'indPresent', presentStems, pastStems).conj
	local impPresent = conj.conjugateLong(baseOpts, 'impPresent', presentStems, pastStems).conj
	local indPreterite = conj.conjugateLong(baseOpts, 'indPreterite', presentStems, pastStems).conj
	
	-- Past pronouns for preterite tense
	local prtPronouns = conj.conjPronouns('past', 'indicative', baseOpts.isTransitive)
	
	-- =========================================================================
	-- TABLE
	-- =========================================================================
	-- Construction of the verbal stems for the table title (&quot;rehNiha&quot; and &quot;rehBori&quot;)
	local verb = args[1] or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText
    local transitivity = args['form']
	local preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or ''
	local postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or ''
	local sameConjAs = args['wekî'] or nil

	local prsStemsFormat = {}
	for _, stem in ipairs(presentStems) do
	    if stem then prsStemsFormat[#prsStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
	end
	
	local pstStemsFormat = {}
	for _, stem in ipairs(pastStems) do
	    if stem then pstStemsFormat[#pstStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
	end
	
	local prsStems = table.concat(prsStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb
	local pstStems = table.concat(pstStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb
	
	-- Formata &quot;Raweya pêşkerî&quot; (RP.)
	local indTitle = '&lt;span style=&quot;cursor:help;&quot; title=&quot;Raweya pêşkerî&quot;&gt;'
					.. '&lt;span style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px dotted #555555; &quot;&gt;RP.&lt;/span&gt;'
				.. '&lt;/span&gt;'
	
	local function nobold(str)
		return '&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt; '.. str .. '&lt;/span&gt;'
	end

	-- Preloads [[Şablon:ku-tewandin/preload]]
	local function preloadUrl(title, preload)
	    local params = {
	    	args['form'],
	    	args['niha'],
	    	args['niha2'] or nil,
	    	args['niha3'] or nil,
	    	args['borî'],
	    	args['borî2'] or nil,
	    	args['pêşgir'] or nil,
	  		args['valahî'] or nil,
	    	args['paşgir'] or nil
	    }

		local query = {
			action = 'edit',
			preload = preload,
			['preloadparams'] = params
		}

	    local url = mw.uri.fullUrl(title, query)
	    url = '&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;['
		          .. tostring(url)
		          .. ' &lt;span style=&quot;color:#9f3526&quot;&gt;'.. title .. '&lt;/span&gt;'
              .. ']&lt;/span&gt;'
	    
	    return url
	end

	-- Formên din
	local otherConjForms
	if (mw.title.new(verb, 'Tewandin').exists == true) then
	    otherConjForms = '[['.. 'Tewandin:'.. verb ..']]'
	elseif sameConjAs then
		otherConjForms = 'wekî [['.. 'Tewandin:' .. sameConjAs ..']]'
	else
		otherConjForms = preloadUrl('Tewandin:' .. verb, 'Şablon:ku-tewandin/preload')
	end
	
   return 
'{| class=&quot;wikitable tablo-flip tewandin-tablo mw-collapsible&quot;'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;3&quot; class=&quot;row-flip tewandin-header&quot; |'
			..  verb .. ' ' .. nobold('('.. transitivity .. '&lt;/span&gt;)')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;3&quot; class=&quot;tewandin-header3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot; |'
			.. nobold('Rehê dema niha:') .. ' ' .. prsStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |' .. indTitle .. '&lt;br&gt;Niha'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| width=&quot;60&quot; |ez'
.. '\n| width=&quot;100&quot; |' .. indPresent.s1
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| tu'
.. '\n|' ..  indPresent.s2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| ew'
.. '\n|' ..  indPresent.s3
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| em, hûn, ew'
.. '\n| ' ..  indPresent.p1
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Fermanî'
.. '\n| width=&quot;60&quot;  | &lt;small&gt;Yekjimar&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n| width=&quot;100&quot; |' ..  impPresent.s2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| width=&quot;60&quot;  | &lt;small&gt;Pirjimar&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n| width=&quot;100&quot; |' ..  impPresent.p2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;3&quot; class=&quot;tewandin-header3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot; |'
			.. nobold('Rehê dema borî:') .. ' ' .. pstStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |'.. indTitle ..'&lt;br&gt;Boriya&lt;br&gt;sade'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|' .. prtPronouns.s1
.. '\n|' .. indPreterite.s1
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|' .. prtPronouns.s2
.. '\n|' .. indPreterite.s2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|' .. prtPronouns.s3
.. '\n|' .. indPreterite.s3
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|' .. prtPronouns.p1 .. ', ' ..  prtPronouns.p2 .. ', ' .. prtPronouns.p3
.. '\n|' .. indPreterite.p1
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; background-color:#transparent;&quot; |'
			.. 'Formên din: [[Wêne:1rightarrow.png|15px|link=]]' .. otherConjForms
.. '\n|}'

end

return export</text>
      <sha1>2ux8rf37znqs6zulzmicgjgx05lllav</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>berfîtok</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1357286</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237206</id>
      <parentid>6236864</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T16:25:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Keyomerd</username>
        <id>8814</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kurmancî */</comment>
      <origin>6237206</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="100" sha1="197edbxmclo9kjmq1j8gnq3zrrd4rkb" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{f|ku|teyr|Efrîn}} {{guharto|ku|berfoke}}</text>
      <sha1>197edbxmclo9kjmq1j8gnq3zrrd4rkb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237208</id>
      <parentid>6237206</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T16:25:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Keyomerd</username>
        <id>8814</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Navdêr */</comment>
      <origin>6237208</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="95" sha1="mtz82ns7gkpdll3gz12f4m2az41lwmj" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{f|ku|Efrîn}} {{guharto|ku|berfoke}}</text>
      <sha1>mtz82ns7gkpdll3gz12f4m2az41lwmj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>pirs girê dan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1357298</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237170</id>
      <parentid>6237161</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T12:43:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kawarizgar1</username>
        <id>14836</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Biwêj */</comment>
      <origin>6237170</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="491" sha1="98bcr8iubuj5hbe40e73xmeyudph0rr" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Biwêj ===
{{biwêj|ku}}
# [[hesab pirsîn]], [[doz danîn]], [[dad danîn]] , [[pirs danîn]],  [[dada tiştekî danîn]], [[dada kesekî danîn]], [[dad danîn kesekî]] , [[doza tiştekî danîn]] , [[doza kesekî danîn]], [[pirs girêdan yekî]]
#: Li rêyê ji me ra pirs girêda


==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{heve|ku|pirs|girêdan}}.

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|tr}}:{{W|tr|hesap sormak|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>98bcr8iubuj5hbe40e73xmeyudph0rr</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237176</id>
      <parentid>6237170</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T15:13:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Ghybuî/ê navê [[pirs girêdan]] weke [[pirs girê dan]] guhart</comment>
      <origin>6237170</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="491" sha1="98bcr8iubuj5hbe40e73xmeyudph0rr" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Biwêj ===
{{biwêj|ku}}
# [[hesab pirsîn]], [[doz danîn]], [[dad danîn]] , [[pirs danîn]],  [[dada tiştekî danîn]], [[dada kesekî danîn]], [[dad danîn kesekî]] , [[doza tiştekî danîn]] , [[doza kesekî danîn]], [[pirs girêdan yekî]]
#: Li rêyê ji me ra pirs girêda


==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{heve|ku|pirs|girêdan}}.

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|tr}}:{{W|tr|hesap sormak|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>98bcr8iubuj5hbe40e73xmeyudph0rr</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237179</id>
      <parentid>6237176</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T15:16:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* {{ziman|ku}} */</comment>
      <origin>6237179</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="640" sha1="re2bggdhuqkqc9e2wg6igwpmy943nw4" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Biwêj ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk|pirs girê dan|form=gerguhêz|niha=d|borî=da|pêşgir=pirs girê|valahî=erê}}
{{biwêj|ku|nd=pirsgirêdan}}
# [[hesab pirsîn]], [[doz danîn]], [[dad danîn]] , [[pirs danîn]],  [[dada tiştekî danîn]], [[dada kesekî danîn]], [[dad danîn kesekî]] , [[doza tiştekî danîn]] , [[doza kesekî danîn]], [[pirs girêdan yekî]]
#: {{mk|ku|Li rêyê ji me ra '''pirs girê da'''.}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}

==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{heve|ku|pirs|girêdan}}.

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|tr}}:{{W|tr|hesap sormak|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>re2bggdhuqkqc9e2wg6igwpmy943nw4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237180</id>
      <parentid>6237179</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T15:18:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Biwêj */</comment>
      <origin>6237180</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="647" sha1="30xqci1m4bmf8m4m7laef583yf4y4iq" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk|pirs girê dan|form=gerguhêz|niha=d|borî=da|pêşgir=pirs girê|valahî=erê}}
{{lêker|ku|c=b-gh|nd=pirsgirêdan}}
# [[hesab pirsîn]], [[doz danîn]], [[dad danîn]] , [[pirs danîn]],  [[dada tiştekî danîn]], [[dada kesekî danîn]], [[dad danîn kesekî]] , [[doza tiştekî danîn]] , [[doza kesekî danîn]], [[pirs girêdan yekî]]
#: {{mk|ku|Li rêyê ji me ra '''pirs girê da'''.}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}

==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{heve|ku|pirs|girêdan}}.

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|tr}}:{{W|tr|hesap sormak|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>30xqci1m4bmf8m4m7laef583yf4y4iq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237181</id>
      <parentid>6237180</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T15:20:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Lêker */</comment>
      <origin>6237181</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="691" sha1="rpoai3nqwtvz4y7ze4aa4l21p5xv8tv" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk|pirs girê dan|form=gerguhêz|niha=d|borî=da|pêşgir=pirs girê|valahî=erê}}
{{lêker|ku|c=b-gh|nd=pirsgirêdan}}
# [[hesab pirsîn]], [[doz danîn]], [[dad danîn]] , [[pirs danîn]],  [[dada tiştekî danîn]], [[dada kesekî danîn]], [[dad danîn kesekî]] , [[doza tiştekî danîn]] , [[doza kesekî danîn]], [[pirs girêdan yekî]]
#: {{mk|ku|Li rêyê ji me ra '''pirs girê da'''.}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}

==== Hevmane ====
* {{g|ku|hesab pirsîn}}

==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{heve|ku|pirs|girêdan}}.

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|tr}}:{{W|tr|hesap sormak|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>rpoai3nqwtvz4y7ze4aa4l21p5xv8tv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237183</id>
      <parentid>6237181</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T15:22:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Werger */</comment>
      <origin>6237183</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="680" sha1="tplxjvtam3rshnk4fuiteppfppxq4iv" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk|pirs girê dan|form=gerguhêz|niha=d|borî=da|pêşgir=pirs girê|valahî=erê}}
{{lêker|ku|c=b-gh|nd=pirsgirêdan}}
# [[hesab pirsîn]], [[doz danîn]], [[dad danîn]] , [[pirs danîn]],  [[dada tiştekî danîn]], [[dada kesekî danîn]], [[dad danîn kesekî]] , [[doza tiştekî danîn]] , [[doza kesekî danîn]], [[pirs girêdan yekî]]
#: {{mk|ku|Li rêyê ji me ra '''pirs girê da'''.}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}

==== Hevmane ====
* {{g|ku|hesab pirsîn}}

==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{heve|ku|pirs|girêdan}}.

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|tr}}:{{W|tr|hesap sormak}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>tplxjvtam3rshnk4fuiteppfppxq4iv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237184</id>
      <parentid>6237183</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T15:24:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Werger */</comment>
      <origin>6237184</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="725" sha1="j0gg7e57qm8sv31eko8jiwjtcu3dbp5" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk|pirs girê dan|form=gerguhêz|niha=d|borî=da|pêşgir=pirs girê|valahî=erê}}
{{lêker|ku|c=b-gh|nd=pirsgirêdan}}
# [[hesab pirsîn]], [[doz danîn]], [[dad danîn]] , [[pirs danîn]],  [[dada tiştekî danîn]], [[dada kesekî danîn]], [[dad danîn kesekî]] , [[doza tiştekî danîn]] , [[doza kesekî danîn]], [[pirs girêdan yekî]]
#: {{mk|ku|Li rêyê ji me ra '''pirs girê da'''.}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}

==== Hevmane ====
* {{g|ku|hesab pirsîn}}

==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{heve|ku|pirs|girêdan}}.

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|demander des comptes}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|hesap sormak}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>j0gg7e57qm8sv31eko8jiwjtcu3dbp5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237187</id>
      <parentid>6237184</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T15:35:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Lêker */</comment>
      <origin>6237187</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="661" sha1="33k6c0mc8y7oi8uloyl8xhtk9lkmy5a" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk|pirs girê dan|form=gerguhêz|niha=d|borî=da|pêşgir=pirs girê|valahî=erê}}
{{lêker|ku|c=b-gh|nd=pirsgirêdan}}
# {{bêmane|ku}}
#: {{hevmane|ku|hesab pirsîn|doz danîn|dad danîn|pirs danîn|dada tiştekî danîn|dada kesekî danîn|dad danîn kesekî|doza tiştekî danîn|doza kesekî danîn|pirs girêdan yekî}}
#: {{mk|ku|Li rêyê ji me ra '''pirs girê da'''.}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}

==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{heve|ku|pirs|girêdan}}.

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|demander des comptes}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|hesap sormak}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>33k6c0mc8y7oi8uloyl8xhtk9lkmy5a</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237200</id>
      <parentid>6237187</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T16:17:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Etîmolojî */</comment>
      <origin>6237200</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="662" sha1="prhiwpstip8sii12plos9438sg7xnle" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk|pirs girê dan|form=gerguhêz|niha=d|borî=da|pêşgir=pirs girê|valahî=erê}}
{{lêker|ku|c=b-gh|nd=pirsgirêdan}}
# {{bêmane|ku}}
#: {{hevmane|ku|hesab pirsîn|doz danîn|dad danîn|pirs danîn|dada tiştekî danîn|dada kesekî danîn|dad danîn kesekî|doza tiştekî danîn|doza kesekî danîn|pirs girêdan yekî}}
#: {{mk|ku|Li rêyê ji me ra '''pirs girê da'''.}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}

==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{heve|ku|pirs|girê dan}}.

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|demander des comptes}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|hesap sormak}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>prhiwpstip8sii12plos9438sg7xnle</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>doz danîn</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1357299</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237167</id>
      <parentid>6237162</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T12:42:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kawarizgar1</username>
        <id>14836</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Biwêj */</comment>
      <origin>6237167</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="488" sha1="ebya9ju0e48vk89vyyt2900trjdnnen" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Biwêj ===
{{biwêj|ku}}
# [[hesab pirsîn]], [[pirs girêdan]], [[dad danîn]] , [[pirs danîn]],  [[dada tiştekî danîn]], [[dada kesekî danîn]], [[dad danîn kesekî]] , [[doza tiştekî danîn]] , [[doza kesekî danîn]], [[pirs girêdan yekî]]
#: Te çima dozên berê danî?


==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{heve|ku|doz|danîn}}.

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|tr}}:{{W|tr|hesap sormak|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>ebya9ju0e48vk89vyyt2900trjdnnen</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237189</id>
      <parentid>6237167</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T15:40:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Biwêj */</comment>
      <origin>6237189</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="563" sha1="nyk33kkipjs1ibcdo1g2mz9ggxlhud7" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Lêker ===
{{lêker|ku|c=h-gh|nd=dozdanîn}}
# {{bêmane|ku}}
#: {{hevmane|ku|hesab pirsîn|pirs girêdan|dad danîn|pirs danîn|dada tiştekî danîn|dada kesekî danîn|dad danîn kesekî|doza tiştekî danîn|doza kesekî danîn|pirs girêdan yekî}}
#: {{mk|ku|Te çima '''dozên''' berê '''danî'''?}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}

==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{heve|ku|doz|danîn}}.

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|demander des comptes}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|hesap sormak}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>nyk33kkipjs1ibcdo1g2mz9ggxlhud7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237190</id>
      <parentid>6237189</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T15:41:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Lêker */</comment>
      <origin>6237190</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="564" sha1="r78iazoh82yebtfmz35avu4mhd0zv41" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Lêker ===
{{lêker|ku|c=h-gh|nd=dozdanîn}}
# {{bêmane|ku}}
#: {{hevmane|ku|hesab pirsîn|pirs girê dan|dad danîn|pirs danîn|dada tiştekî danîn|dada kesekî danîn|dad danîn kesekî|doza tiştekî danîn|doza kesekî danîn|pirs girêdan yekî}}
#: {{mk|ku|Te çima '''dozên''' berê '''danî'''?}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}

==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{heve|ku|doz|danîn}}.

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|demander des comptes}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|hesap sormak}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>r78iazoh82yebtfmz35avu4mhd0zv41</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>dad danîn</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1357300</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237168</id>
      <parentid>6237163</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T12:42:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kawarizgar1</username>
        <id>14836</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Biwêj */</comment>
      <origin>6237168</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="508" sha1="kks7zygprss7ifcv31id5i3fzd6dsqv" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Biwêj ===
{{biwêj|ku}}
# [[hesab pirsîn]], [[pirs girêdan]], [[doz danîn]] , [[pirs danîn]],   [[dada tiştekî danîn]], [[dada kesekî danîn]], [[dad danîn kesekî]] , [[doza tiştekî danîn]] , [[doza kesekî danîn]], [[pirs girêdan yekî]]
#: Ciwanan li kuncikekê dad danî ji zarokekî ra


==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{heve|ku|dad|danîn}}.

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|tr}}:{{W|tr|hesap sormak|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>kks7zygprss7ifcv31id5i3fzd6dsqv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237191</id>
      <parentid>6237168</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T15:43:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Biwêj */</comment>
      <origin>6237191</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="544" sha1="qe91v27nzjbla63v7b0xrhq8nhdwp8m" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Lêker ===
{{lêker|ku|c=h-gh|nd=dozdanîn}}
# {{bêmane|ku}}
#: {{hevmane|ku|hesab pirsîn|pirs girê dan|doz danîn|pirs danîn|dada tiştekî danîn|dada kesekî danîn|dad danîn kesekî|doza tiştekî danîn|doza kesekî danîn|pirs girêdan yekî}}
#: {{mk|ku|Ciwanan li kuncikekê '''dad danî''' ji zarokekî ra.}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}

==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{heve|ku|dad|danîn}}.

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|tr}}:{{W|tr|hesap sormak|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>qe91v27nzjbla63v7b0xrhq8nhdwp8m</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237192</id>
      <parentid>6237191</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T15:44:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Lêker */</comment>
      <origin>6237192</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="544" sha1="nq6gf8asgt96mu0cbyozh5xpzrqfzyt" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Lêker ===
{{lêker|ku|c=h-gh|nd=daddanîn}}
# {{bêmane|ku}}
#: {{hevmane|ku|hesab pirsîn|pirs girê dan|doz danîn|pirs danîn|dada tiştekî danîn|dada kesekî danîn|dad danîn kesekî|doza tiştekî danîn|doza kesekî danîn|pirs girêdan yekî}}
#: {{mk|ku|Ciwanan li kuncikekê '''dad danî''' ji zarokekî ra.}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}

==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{heve|ku|dad|danîn}}.

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|tr}}:{{W|tr|hesap sormak|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>nq6gf8asgt96mu0cbyozh5xpzrqfzyt</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237194</id>
      <parentid>6237192</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T15:48:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Werger */</comment>
      <origin>6237194</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="578" sha1="403hpbsdhbqj1n7r162w15o1p9ecf21" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Lêker ===
{{lêker|ku|c=h-gh|nd=daddanîn}}
# {{bêmane|ku}}
#: {{hevmane|ku|hesab pirsîn|pirs girê dan|doz danîn|pirs danîn|dada tiştekî danîn|dada kesekî danîn|dad danîn kesekî|doza tiştekî danîn|doza kesekî danîn|pirs girêdan yekî}}
#: {{mk|ku|Ciwanan li kuncikekê '''dad danî''' ji zarokekî ra.}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}

==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{heve|ku|dad|danîn}}.

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|demander des comptes}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|hesap sormak}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>403hpbsdhbqj1n7r162w15o1p9ecf21</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>pirs danîn</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1357301</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237169</id>
      <parentid>6237164</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T12:43:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kawarizgar1</username>
        <id>14836</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Biwêj */</comment>
      <origin>6237169</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="522" sha1="krxxkvfgn8nfgtzwprvf3aey87gh9sc" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Biwêj ===
{{biwêj|ku}}
# [[pirs kirin]], [[pirsîn]]
# [[hesab pirsîn]], [[pirs girêdan]], [[dad danîn]] , [[doz danîn]],  [[dada tiştekî danîn]], [[dada kesekî danîn]], [[dad danîn kesekî]] , [[doza tiştekî danîn]] , [[doza kesekî danîn]], [[pirs girêdan yekî]]
#: Ev der ne cihê pirs danînê ye


==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{heve|ku|pirs|danîn}}.

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|tr}}:{{W|tr|hesap sormak|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>krxxkvfgn8nfgtzwprvf3aey87gh9sc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237193</id>
      <parentid>6237169</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T15:48:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Biwêj */</comment>
      <origin>6237193</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="592" sha1="a2xu6pnl4isgsmr9byj2ryd1v1haqfn" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Lêker ===
{{lêker|ku|c=h-gh|nd=pirsdanîn}}
# {{bêmane|ku}}
#: {{hevmane|ku|hesab pirsîn|pirs girê dan|dad danîn|doz danîn|dada tiştekî danîn|dada kesekî danîn|dad danîn kesekî|doza tiştekî danîn|doza kesekî danîn|pirs girêdan yekî}}
#: {{mk|ku|Ev der ne cihê '''pirsdanînê''' ye.|navdêr (pirsdanîn)|rêz=1}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}


==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{heve|ku|pirs|danîn}}.

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|demander des comptes}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|hesap sormak}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>a2xu6pnl4isgsmr9byj2ryd1v1haqfn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>pirs girêdan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1357302</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237177</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T15:13:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ghybuî/ê navê [[pirs girêdan]] weke [[pirs girê dan]] guhart</comment>
      <origin>6237177</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="32" sha1="hvbz01qf4f7s6jhci0tg4u9d8x8ibjm" xml:space="preserve">#BERALÎKIRIN [[pirs girê dan]]</text>
      <sha1>hvbz01qf4f7s6jhci0tg4u9d8x8ibjm</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237178</id>
      <parentid>6237177</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T15:13:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Beralîkirin ji bo [[pirs girê dan]] hate jêbirin.</comment>
      <origin>6237178</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="45" sha1="c1hz6ckfmwmjzdc5gwmc6aoapzip2mn" xml:space="preserve">{{jêbirin}}
#BERALÎKIRIN [[pirs girê dan]]</text>
      <sha1>c1hz6ckfmwmjzdc5gwmc6aoapzip2mn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>berfoke</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1357303</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237202</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T16:23:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Keyomerd</username>
        <id>8814</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rûpel bi &quot;== {{ziman|ku}} ==  === Bilêvkirin === * {{ku-IPA}} * {{ku-kîte}}  === Navdêr === [[Wêne: Fringilla_coelebs_male1.jpg|thumb|'''Berfokeyekî''' nêr.]] {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # {{f|ku|teyr}} Çivîkeke tovxwer e, mezinahiya wê digêje 15 santîmetreyan û li daristan, baxçe û zeviyan tê dîtin.  ==== Herwiha ==== * {{hw|ku|befrik}} * {{hw|ku|befroke}} * {{hw|ku|berfîtik||Efrîn}} * {{hw|ku|berfîtok||Efrîn}}  ==== Navê zanistî ==== * {{q|navz|Fringilla coele...&quot; hat çêkirin</comment>
      <origin>6237202</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="848" sha1="q8z3svb955lsvp5s0eftx9ski6xjazj" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Navdêr ===
[[Wêne: Fringilla_coelebs_male1.jpg|thumb|'''Berfokeyekî''' nêr.]]
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{f|ku|teyr}} Çivîkeke tovxwer e, mezinahiya wê digêje 15 santîmetreyan û li daristan, baxçe û zeviyan tê dîtin.

==== Herwiha ====
* {{hw|ku|befrik}}
* {{hw|ku|befroke}}
* {{hw|ku|berfîtik||Efrîn}}
* {{hw|ku|berfîtok||Efrîn}}

==== Navê zanistî ====
* {{q|navz|Fringilla coelebs}}

==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{paş|ku|berf|oke}}, ji ber ku bêtir zivistanî têne aliyên başûrî ên Kurdistanê.

==== Bi zaravayên din ====
* {{Z|ckb}}: {{W-|ckb|سەیرە}}

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|سهره}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|pinson|n}}, {{W+|fr|pinsonne|m}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|chaffinch}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|ispinoz}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>q8z3svb955lsvp5s0eftx9ski6xjazj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>befroke</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1357304</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237210</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-05T16:27:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Keyomerd</username>
        <id>8814</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rûpel bi &quot;== {{ziman|ku}} ==  === Navdêr === {{navdêr|ku|z=m}} # {{guharto|ku|berfoke}}&quot; hat çêkirin</comment>
      <origin>6237210</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="79" sha1="cnl6yzfs0yogm3o4w654gicfnwe1t0o" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{guharto|ku|berfoke}}</text>
      <sha1>cnl6yzfs0yogm3o4w654gicfnwe1t0o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bikarhêner:Kawarizgar1</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>1357305</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237232</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-06T03:24:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kawarizgar1</username>
        <id>14836</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>6237232</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15" sha1="dnh6wtukcls8tclmzb0kv4shih4nk5d" xml:space="preserve">Bijî Kurdistan</text>
      <sha1>dnh6wtukcls8tclmzb0kv4shih4nk5d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>