çûn

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  <page>
    <title>çûn</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3143</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237726</id>
      <parentid>6231816</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-15T03:43:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Lêker */</comment>
      <origin>6237726</origin>
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      <text bytes="5781" sha1="68xysy5zsbohb4hhtj3vb85vdjn1f6e" xml:space="preserve">{{bnr-h|cun|cûn|cün|çun|çûn|çün}}

== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{IPA|ku|/t͡ʃʰuːn/}}
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36368 (kur)-Dildadil-çûn.wav|Deng|Amed}}
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163 (kmr)-Ebulfîda-çûn.wav|Deng|dever=Bidlîs}}
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk|çûn|form=negerguhêz|niha=her|niha2=ç|borî=çû}}
[[Wêne:Elephant_Walking_animated.gif|thumb|[[fîl|Fîlek]] bi rê ve [[çûn|diçe]].]]
{{lêker|ku|c=x-ngh}}
# Ji [[der]]ekê [[dûr ketin]], [[cih]]ek [[bi cih hêlan]] / [[bi cih hiştin]], [[dûr]]î derekê bûn.
#: {{hevmane|ku|herîn|rewtin|bi rê ketin}}
#* {{jêder-pirtûk|ku|jêgirtin=Nezer ji mala [[dewat]]ê der tê û di riya xwe de '''diçe'''.|nivîskar=Têmûrê Xelîl Mûradov|sernav=Nezerê Mêrxas|sal=1937|rûpel=}}
# [[hinda]] bûn, [[neman]], [[berze bûn]], [[rabûn]]:

==== Ji wêjeya klasîk ====
* {{jêder|ku|{{Jêgirtin/Mela Hisênê Bateyî/Mewlûda Kurdî}}|jêgirtin='''Çûn''' ji behrê me'rîfet ew hate der&lt;br /&gt;[[qetre|Qetre]] jêr werya bi ilham ew qeder}}
* {{jêder|ku|{{Jêgirtin/Feqiyê Teyran}}|jêgirtin=Taziyê uryan im ez&lt;/br&gt;Perde '''çû''' ez mame tazî&lt;/br&gt;Dil sera mehbûb dixwazî}}

==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|چوون}}
* {{ku-kr|ч'ӧн}}

==== Herwiha ====
* {{g|ku|çûndin}}
* {{g|ku|çûyin}}
* {{g|ku|çûyîn}}

==== Dijmane ====
* {{g|ku|hatin}}

==== Têkildar ====
* {{g|ku|bezîn}}
* {{g|ku|gerîn}}
* {{g|ku|livîn}}
* {{g|ku|meşîn}}

==== Jê ====
{{stûn|
* {{mj|lêker}} {{g|ku|çûn anîn}}
* {{mj|navdêr}} {{g|ku|çûnanîn}}
* {{g|ku|çûyî}}
* {{g|ku|derçûn}}
* {{g|ku|jê çûn}}
* {{g|ku|ji ber çûn}}
* {{g|ku|ji bîrê çûn}}
* {{g|ku|ji dest çûn}}
* {{g|ku|jihev çûn}}
* {{g|ku|pev çûn}}
}}

==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{ji|ine-pro|ku|-}} *''[[ḱey-]]''. Guherîna *ḱ-ya [[proto-hindûewropî]] bi /ç/ di zimanên [[hindûîranî]] de diyardeyeke berbelav e, binêrin bo nimûne: ''[[çar]], [[çav]], [[çend]], [[çi]]''...

Hevreha {{hv|ckb|چوون}}, [[kurdiya başûrî]] ''[[çûn]]'', [[şêxbizinî]] ''[[cigin]]'', zazakî ''[[şiyayene]]'', goranî/hewramî ''[[şiyay]]'', osetî [[цӕуын]] (çæwyn), {{hv|fa|شدن|tr=berê /şuden/ bi wateya ''çûn'', niha /şoden/ bi manaya ''bûn, bûn tiştek''}}, tacikî [[шудан]] (şudan), {{hv|pal||şuten|sc=Latn}}, hexamenişî [[𐎠𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎺𐎶]] (š(i)yav-, /şiyev/), peştûyî {{g|ps|شول|tr=şwəl}}, {{hv|ae||ş(ii)aw-|sc=Latn}} (/şyew-/), {{hv|sa|च्य्अवते}} (cyávate: [[ketin]]), {{hv|grc|σεύω}} (seúō: [[dan pey]], li [[pey]] çûn; [[lezîn]]) û [[κῐ́ω]] (kíō: çûn) û [[κῑνέω]] (kīnéō: [[livandin]]), latînî ''[[cieō]]'' ([[livandin]]), albanî ''[[qoj]]'' (bixwîne: /çoy/, [[hişyar]] kirin)... Bêjeka kurdî ketiye ermenî wek {{hv|xcl|չուեմ|w=çûn}} û {{hv|hy|չու|w=rêwîtî}}, {{q|hy|չվել|w=bar kirin, koç kirin}}.

Peyva {{hv|grc|κῑνέω}} (kīnéō: [[livandin]]) wek [[kîne-]] û [[sîne-]] ketiye gelek zimanan û kurdî jî, bo nimûne: ''[[kînetîk]], [[sînema]]''.

;{{biçûk|Çavkanî: 
* {{Cheung}}
* {{Chyet}}
* {{Lubotsky}}
* {{Tsabolov}}
}}

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser|dûr ketin}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|gehen}}, {{W+|de|fahren}}
* {{Z|az}}: {{W+|az|getmək}}
* {{Z|ba}}: {{W-|ba|барыу}}
* {{Z|br}}: {{W+|br|mont}}, {{W+|br|monet}}
* {{Z|bg}}: {{W+|bg|отивам|n}}
* {{Z|cs}}: {{W+|cs|jít}}
* {{Z|zh}}: {{W+|zh|去|tr=qǜ}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|gå}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W+|ar|راح|tr=raḧe|cuda=راحَ}}, {{W+|ar|ذهب|tr=ḏehebe}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|iri}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|رفتن|tr=reften}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|mennä}}, {{W+|fi|lähteä}}
* {{Z|vls}}: {{W-|vls|goan}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|aller}}, {{W+|fr|partir}}
* {{Z|gag}}: {{W-|gag|gitmää}}
* {{Z|roa-gal}}: {{W-|roa-gal|aler}}, {{W-|roa-gal|alae}}
* {{Z|got}}: {{W-|got|𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽|tr=gaggan}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|go}}
* {{Z|ga}}: {{W-|ga|dul}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|andare}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|行く|tr=iku}}
* {{Z|krc}}: {{W-|krc|барыргъа}}
* {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|anar}}
* {{Z|ky}}: {{W+|ky|баруу}}
* {{Z|ki}}: {{W-|ki|thie}}
* {{Z|ko}}: {{W+|ko|가다|tr=gada}}
* {{Z|kum}}: {{W-|kum|бармакъ}}
* {{Z|lb}}: {{W+|lb|goen}}
* {{Z|mk}}: {{W-|mk|оди|tr=ódi}}
* {{Z|mi}}: {{W-|mi|haere}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|megy}}
* {{Z|nrf}}: {{W-|nrf|marchi}}
* {{Z|oc}}: {{W+|oc|anar}}
* {{Z|oia}}: {{W-|oia|mara}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|ir}}
* {{Z|kk}}: {{W+|kk|бару|tr=baruw}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W+|ro|merge}}, se {{W+|ro|duce}}
* {{Z|se}}: {{W-|se|mannat}}, {{W-|se|johtit}}, {{W-|se|fitnat}}
* {{Z|sh}}: {{W+|sh|ići}}, {{W-|sh|ићи}}
* {{Z|sk}}: {{W+|sk|ísť}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|ir}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|gå}}, {{W+|sv|åka}}
* {{Z|zdj}}: {{W-|zdj|hwenɗa}}, {{W-|zdj|henɗa}}
* {{Z|tt}}: {{W-|tt|бару}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|gitmek}}
* {{Z|tk}}: {{W-|tk|gitmek}}
* {{Z|vi}}: {{W+|vi|đi}}
* {{Z|kjh}}: {{W-|kjh|парарға}}
* {{Z|sah}}: {{W-|sah|бар}}
* {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|πάω|tr=páo}}, {{W+|el|πηγαίνω|tr=piyéno}}
{{werger-bin}}

=== Formeke lêkerê ===
{{lêker|ku|form=erê}}
# (ji &quot;çûn&quot;) ''Binêre'': '''[[çûn]]'''.

=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|çûn|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[birêketin]], [[dûrketin]], [[dûr]]bûn, [[royîştin]], [[rewtin]], [[sefer]]kirin:
#: {{mk|ku|'''Çûna''' we bixêr be!|Hûn bixêr biçin!}}

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
{{werger-bin}}

{{bend}}

=== Hoker ===
{{hoker|ku}}
# [[wek|Wek]], [[mîna]], [[şibî]], [[nola]], [[fena]] (li [[pey]] peyvan bi kar tê).
#: {{mk|ku|mirov çûn|wek mirovan|birêz=1}}

==== Etîmolojî ====
Têkilî '' [[çawa]]''.

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
{{werger-bin}}

== {{ziman|ckb}} ==

=== Lêker ===
{{lêker|ckb|sc=Latn}}
# {{g|ku|çûn}}</text>
      <sha1>68xysy5zsbohb4hhtj3vb85vdjn1f6e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>hatin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3609</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237727</id>
      <parentid>6231301</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-15T03:44:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Lêker */</comment>
      <origin>6237727</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15605" sha1="smt9myfu0942hd8tkmxf9kgcy4b9t5o" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163_(kmr)-Key Mîrza-hatin.wav|Deng|Bidlîs}}
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk|hatin|form=negerguhêz|niha=wer|niha2=ê|borî=hat}}
{{lêker|ku|c=x-ngh}}
# Ji [[cih]]ek [[dûr]]tir [[gihiştin]] cihek [[nêzîk]]tir; [[nêzîk]]tir bûn, [[nêzîk]] bûn.
#: {{mk|ku|Em ji dûr '''hatine'''.}}
#* {{jêder|ku|{{Jêgirtin/Mela Hisênê Bateyî/Mewlûda Kurdî}}|jêgirtin=Lew Melek '''hatin''' ji bo wî sacidîn&lt;br /&gt;Bû xezîne ew ji bo durra yetîm}}
#* {{jêder|ku|jêgirtin=Xuya ye ji devera wan '''dihên''' û ber bi Zaxo diçin.|{{Jêgirtin/Sidqî Hirorî/Kurê Zinarê Serbilind/1996}}}}
#* {{jêder|ku|jêgirtin=Erd û esman li te '''bên''' hev.|{{Jêgirtin/Ahmet Öner/Di edebiyata kurdî ya gelêrî da di’a û nifir/2017|r=119}}}}
# [[dema|Dema]] [[tişt]]ek ji [[mirov]]î re [[tê]] di bêjin.
#: {{mk|ku|Telefonek bu min '''hat'''.}}
# Bi [[rê]]ve hatin yan [[pê]]ya '''hatin'''.
#: {{mk|ku|Em pêya '''hatin''' vêrê.}}
# [[lêker|Lêker]]ek [[alîkar]] bo [[çêkirin]]a [[form]]a [[tebatî]] anku [[pasîv]].
#: {{mk|ku|Hemî '''hatin''' kuştin.}}
#: {{mk|ku|Stranên ko heta niha '''nehatine''' gotin, zimanê ko '''nehatiye''' vejandin, wêjeya '''ko''' nehatiye nivîsandin, klasîkên ko '''nehatine''' çapkirin û belavkirin, çanda ko '''nehatiye''' nasandin û gelek tiştên din...}}
#* {{jêder-kitêb|ku-pro|nekat=1|amadekar=D.N. Mackenzie|sernav=The Language of the Medians |nivîskar={{w|Matenadaran MS 7117|ziman=en}}|sal=~1430-1446|sala weşandinê=1959|jêgirtin=Pakəž xodé, pakəž záhm, pakəž vémark, kóy '''hat'ì''' xač'é, əškə́rma. Rahmát'ē ma.|tr=Pakij xudê, pakij zehm, pakij vêmerg, koy '''hatî''' xaçê, ijkir me rehmetê me&lt;ref name=&quot;Bor2016&quot;&gt;{{kovar|url=https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/416578|kovar=Nûbihar Akademî|nivîskar=D.N. Mackenzie|sernav=Zimanê Medan|sal=2016|terciman=İbrahim Bor|hejmar=4|rûpel=116}}&lt;/ref&gt;|werger=Pakê Xweda, Pakê Qadir, Pakê Nemir, mirina di xaçê de ku '''hat''', Xweda bi me bê rehmê&lt;ref name=&quot;Bor2016&quot;/&gt;}}

==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|ھاتن}}
* {{ku-kr|һатьн}}

==== Dijmane ====
* {{g|ku|çûn}}

==== Jê ====
{{kol3|ku
| dahat
| dahate
| dahatin
| dahatî
| hatî
| hilhatin
| pêkhate
| pêk hatin
| hatin girtin&lt;q:lêker&gt;
| hatin berdan&lt;q:lêker&gt;
| hatin danîn
| hatin xistin
| hatin birin
| hatin kirin
| hatin xwarin
| hatingirtin&lt;q:navdêr&gt;
| hatinberdan&lt;q:navdêr&gt;
| hatindanîn
| hatinxistin
| hatinbirin
| hatinkirin
| hatinxwarin
}}

==== Etîmolojî ====
{{şêwexirab|beş}}

Ji {{ji|ine-pro|ku|-}} *'''g&lt;sup&gt;w&lt;/sup&gt;em'''- (&quot;hatin&quot;),
{{ji|ira-pro||-}} *'''[[a]]'''- (&quot;[[ber bi … ve]]&quot;) + '''gem'''- (&quot;hatin&quot;),
{{ae}}: '''a'''-'''gem'''- (&quot;hatin&quot;),
{{peo}}: '''a'''-'''gem'''- (&quot;hatin&quot;),
{{pal}}: '''a'''-'''md'''- (&quot;hatin&quot;),
{{fa}}: '''a'''-'''meden''' (&quot;hatin&quot;),
{{xpr}}: '''a'''-'''gd'''- (&quot;hatin&quot;),
{{sog}}: '''a'''-'''ğd'''- (&quot;hatin&quot;),
{{gil}}: '''a'''-'''men-''' (&quot;hatin&quot;),
{{siv}}: '''ā'''-'''mēy''' (&quot;hatin&quot;) {{ir}},
[[partî]]: '''a'''-'''γd'''- ... {{ir}},
{{kmr}}: '''ha'''-'''tin''' (&quot;hatin&quot;),
{{ckb}}: '''ha'''-'''tin''' (&quot;hatin&quot;),
{{hac}}: '''a'''-'''may''' (&quot;hatin&quot;),
{{zza}}: '''a'''-'''mayen''' (&quot;hatin&quot;),
{{sa}}: '''gem''' (&quot;hatin&quot;),
{{la}}: '''venire''' (&quot;hatin&quot;),
{{el}}: '''bainein''' (&quot;hatin&quot;),
{{en}}: '''come''' (&quot;hatin&quot;) ...

Ji hametin &gt; havetin &gt; havitin~hawitin &gt; hawtin~havtin &gt; hatin.

;{{biçûk|Çavkanî:
* {{Cheung|r=100}}
* {{Watkins|r=33}}
* {{Pokorny|r=465}}

[[hevreh|Hevreh]]: [[zeman]], [[gav]], [[peyam]]
}}

;{{biçûk|Çavkanî:
* {{Cheung|r=156}},
* {{Watkins|r=22}}

Bo rehê ''-wer-'' binêre: '''[[-wer-]]'''
}}

==== Bi zaravayên din ====
* {{Z|ckb}}: hatin
* {{Z|sdh}}: hatin
* {{Z|lki}}: {{W-|lki|hetin|sc=Latn}}, hatin
* {{Z|hac}}: {{W-|hac|amay|sc=Latn}}
* {{Z|zza}}: {{W-|zza|ameyene}}, {{W-|zza|hamayene}}, [[amayene]], [[ameyîş]], [[amayîş]]
* Luřî: [[oman]]

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|ab}}: {{W-|ab|аара}}
* {{Z|ady}}: {{W-|ady|къэкӏон}}
* {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|kom}}
* {{Z|ak}}: {{W-|ak|bra}}
* {{Z|sq}}: {{W+|sq|vij}}
* {{Z|pdc}}: {{W-|pdc|kumme}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|kommen}}
*: {{Z|gsw}}: {{W-|gsw|choo}}
* {{Z|alt}}: {{W-|alt|келер}}
* {{Z|rup}}: {{W-|rup|vin}}, {{W-|rup|yin}}
* {{Z|inc-oas}}: {{W-|inc-oas|আস্}}, {{W-|inc-oas|আ}}
* {{Z|as}}: {{W-|as|আহ}}
* {{Z|ast}}: {{W+|ast|venir}}
* {{Z|ae}}: {{W-|ae|𐬘𐬀𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌}}
* {{Z|az}}: {{W+|az|gəlmək}}
* {{Z|ban}}: {{W-|ban|teka}}
* {{Z|eu}}: {{W-|eu|etorri}}
* {{Z|bar}}: {{W-|bar|kemma}}
* {{Z|be}}: {{W-|be|прыбыва́ць|impf}}, {{W-|be|прыбы́ць|pf}}; {{W-|be|прыхо́дзіць|impf}}, {{W-|be|прыйсці́|pf}}; {{W-|be|прыязджа́ць|impf}}, {{W-|be|прые́хаць|pf}}
* {{Z|bn}}: {{W+|bn|আসা|sc=Beng}}
* {{Z|bqi}}: {{W-|bqi|اودن|tr=aweðen|sc=fa-Arab}}
* {{Z|bor}}: {{W-|bor|aregodu}}
* {{Z|brh}}: {{W-|brh|barr}}
* {{Z|bg}}: {{W-|bg|и́двам|impf}}, {{W-|bg|до́йда|pf}}
* {{Z|my}}: {{W+|my|လာ|sc=Mymr}}
* {{Z|chg}}: {{W-|chg|کلادو|tr=kelādū}}
* {{Z|ce}}: {{W-|ce|лела}}
* {{Z|cs}}: {{W+|cs|přicházet|impf}}, {{W+|cs|přijít|pf}}; {{W-|cs|přijíždět|impf}}, {{W+|cs|přijet|pf}}
* {{Z|zh}}:
*: {{Z|yue}}: {{W-|yue|嚟|tr=lei4; lai4}}
*: {{Z|dng}}: {{W-|dng|лэ}}
*: {{Z|cmn}}: {{W+|cmn|來|tr=lái}}
*: {{Z|cdo}}: {{W-|cdo|來|tr=lì}}
*: {{Z|wuu}}: {{W-|wuu|來}}
* {{Z|dlm}}: {{W-|dlm|vener}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|komme}}
* {{Z|dlg}}: {{W-|dlg|кэл|tr=kel}}
* {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|datang}}, {{W+|id|datang|cuda=mendatangi}}, {{W+|id|datang|cuda=mendatang}}, {{W+|id|datang|cuda=mendatangkan}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|جَاءَ}}, {{W+|ar|أَتَى}}
*: {{Z|arz}}: {{W-|arz|جا|tr=gā|sc=Arab}}, {{W-|arz|جه|tr=geh|sc=Arab}}
*: {{Z|acw}}: {{W-|acw|جا|tr=jā|sc=Arab}}
*: {{Z|apc}}: {{W-|apc|إجا|tr=ʾijā}}
*: {{Z|aeb}}: {{W-|aeb|جاء|tr=jāʾ|sc=Arab}}
* {{Z|hy}}: {{W+|hy|գալ}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|veni}}
* {{Z|et}}: {{W+|et|tulema}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|آمدن|tr=âmadan}}
* {{Z|ddg}}: {{W-|ddg|ma'u}}
* {{Z|phn}}: {{W-|phn|𐤁𐤀}}
* {{Z|fo}}: {{W+|fo|koma}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|tulla}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|venir}}
* {{Z|fur}}: {{W-|fur|vignî}}
* {{Z|frr}}: {{W-|frr|kaame}}, {{W-|frr|kem}}, {{W-|frr|kum}}
* {{Z|fy}}: {{W+|fy|komme}}
* {{Z|gd}}: {{W-|gd|thig}}
* {{Z|gl}}: {{W+|gl|vir}}
* {{Z|ka}}: {{W-|ka|მისვლა|sc=Geor}}, {{W-|ka|ჩამოსვლა|sc=Geor}}
* {{Z|ht}}: {{W-|ht|vini}}
* {{Z|ha}}: {{W+|ha|zo}}
* {{Z|hi}}: {{W+|hi|आना}}
* {{Z|mww}}: {{W-|mww|los}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|komen}}
* {{Z|hrx}}: {{W-|hrx|komme}}
* {{Z|he}}: {{W-|he|בָּא|tr=ba}}
* {{Z|io}}: {{W+|io|venar}}
* {{Z|ang}}: {{W-|ang|cuman}}
* {{Z|enm}}: {{W-|enm|comen}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|come}}, {{W+|en|arrive}}
* {{Z|ia}}: {{W+|ia|venir}}
* {{Z|ga}}: {{W-|ga|tar}}
*: {{Z|sga}}: {{W-|sga|do·icc}}, {{W-|sga|do·tét}}
* {{Z|ist}}: {{W-|ist|vignì}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|venire}}
* {{Z|is}}: {{W+|is|koma}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|来る|tr=くる, kuru}}, {{W+|ja|いらっしゃる|tr=irassharu}}, {{W-|ja|おいでになる|tr=o-ide ni naru}}, {{W+|ja|参る|tr=まいる, mairu}}
* {{Z|kaw}}: {{W-|kaw|tĕka}}
* {{Z|jv}}: {{W+|jv|teka}}
* {{Z|kbd}}: {{W-|kbd|къэкӏуэн}}
* {{Z|rkt}}: {{W-|rkt|aṣ}}
* {{Z|xqa}}: {{W-|xqa|کَلْماكْ|tr=kelmēk}}
* {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|venir}}
* {{Z|qu}}: {{W+|qu|hamuy}}, {{W-|qu|hamui}}, {{W-|qu|şamui}}, {{W-|qu|jamuy}}
* {{Z|ks}}: {{W-|ks|یُن}}
* {{Z|ky}}: {{W+|ky|келүү}}
* {{Z|ki}}: {{W-|ki|ũka}}
* {{Z|si}}: {{W-|si|එනවා|sc=Sinh}}
* {{Z|swb}}: {{W-|swb|ja|cuda=uja}}
* {{Z|ko}}: {{W+|ko|오다}}
* {{Z|jam}}: {{W-|jam|come}}
* {{Z|mfe}}: {{W-|mfe|vini}}
* {{Z|kum}}: {{W-|kum|гелмек}}
* {{Z|la}}: {{W+|la|venio}}, {{W+|la|progredior}}
* {{Z|lv}}: {{W+|lv|nākt}}
* {{Z|lo}}: {{W-|lo|ມາ}}
* {{Z|lt}}: {{W+|lt|ateiti}}
* {{Z|lmo}}: {{W-|lmo|vegnì}}
* {{Z|khb}}: {{W-|khb|ᦙᦱ}}
* {{Z|lut}}: {{W-|lut|ʔəƛ̕}}
* {{Z|mhn}}: {{W-|mhn|kemmen}}
* {{Z|mkz}}: {{W-|mkz|ma'u}}
* {{Z|mk}}: {{W-|mk|доаѓа|impf}}, {{W-|mk|дојде|pf}}
* {{Z|ms}}: {{W+|ms|datang}}, {{W+|ms|mari}}
* {{Z|mt}}: {{W-|mt|ġie}}
* {{Z|mnc}}: {{W-|mnc|ᠵᡳᠮᠪᡳ}}
* {{Z|gv}}: {{W-|gv|tar}}
* {{Z|msk}}: {{W-|msk|datung}}
* {{Z|yua}}: {{W-|yua|tal}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|jön}}
* {{Z|egy}}: {{W-egy|jj|h=ii-i-D54}}, {{W-egy|jwj|h=D54-w}}
* {{Z|min}}: {{W-|min|datang}}
* {{Z|mn}}: {{W+|mn|ирэх}}
* {{Z|nci}}: {{W-|nci|huītz}}
* {{Z|gld}}: {{W-|gld|ди-}}
* {{Z|nap}}: {{W-|nap|venì}}
* {{Z|ne}}: {{W+|ne|आउनु}}
* {{Z|nrf}}: {{W-|nrf|v'nîn}}
* {{Z|no}}:
*: {{Z|nb}}: {{W+|nb|komme}}
*: {{Z|nn}}: {{W-|nn|koma}}
* {{Z|cst}}: {{W-|cst|ká̄nak 'íwqisin}}
* {{Z|oc}}: {{W+|oc|venir}}, {{W-|oc|vir}}
* {{Z|or}}: {{W-|or|ଆସିବା}}
* {{Z|os}}: {{W-|os|ӕрцӕуын}}
* {{Z|ota}}: {{W-|ota|گلمك|tr=gelmek}}
* {{Z|ug}}: {{W-|ug|كەلمەك}}
* {{Z|uz}}: {{W+|uz|kelmoq}}
* {{Z|pap}}: {{W-|pap|bini}}
* {{Z|ps}}: {{W+|ps|راتلل|tr=rātlᶕl|sc=ps-Arab}}
* {{Z|ppl}}: {{W-|ppl|witz}}, {{W-|ppl|huitz}}
* {{Z|pl}}: {{W+|pl|przychodzić|impf}}, {{W+|pl|przyjść|pf}}; {{W+|pl|przyjeżdżać|impf}}, {{W+|pl|przyjechać|pf}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|vir}}
* {{Z|pa}}: {{W+|pa|ਆਉਣਾ|tr=āuṇā}}
* {{Z|xpu}}: {{W-|xpu|𐤁𐤀}}
* {{Z|kk}}: {{W+|kk|келу}}
* {{Z|rhg}}: {{W-|rhg|ai}}
* {{Z|rm}}: {{W-|rm|vegnir}}, {{W-|rm|vagnir}}, {{W-|rm|neir}}, {{W-|rm|gnir}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W+|ro|veni}}
* {{Z|ru}}: {{W-|ru|приходи́ть|impf}}, {{W-|ru|прийти́|pf}}; {{W-|ru|приезжа́ть|impf}}, {{W-|ru|прие́хать|pf}}
* {{Z|osx}}: {{W-|osx|kuman}}
* {{Z|sa}}: {{W-|sa|गमति}}, {{W-|sa|आगच्छति}}
* {{Z|sc}}: {{W-|sc|bènnere}}, {{W-|sc|benni}}, {{W-|sc|bènniri}}, {{W-|sc|vènnere}}
* {{Z|scn}}: {{W+|scn|vèniri}}
* {{Z|sh}}:
*: Kirîlî: {{W-|sh|доћи|pf|sc=Cyrl}}
*: Latînî: {{W+|sh|doći|pf}}
* {{Z|syl}}: {{W-|syl|ꠀꠃꠣ}}
* {{Z|sco}}: {{W-|sco|cum}}
* {{Z|sk}}: {{W-|sk|prichádzať|impf}}, {{W-|sk|prísť|pf}}
* {{Z|sl}}: {{W+|sl|priti|pf}}
* {{Z|so}}: {{W-|so|imasho}}
* Sorbî:
*: {{Z|dsb}}: {{W-|dsb|pśiś}}, {{W-|dsb|póraś|impf|cuda=se póraś}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|venir}}
* {{Z|su}}: {{W-|su|sumping}}
* {{Z|sw}}: {{W-|sw|kuja}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|komma}}
* {{Z|tg}}: {{W+|tg|омадан}}
* {{Z|tl}}: {{W-|tl|pumunta}}, {{W-|tl|magpunta}}
* {{Z|ta}}: {{W+|ta|வா}}
* {{Z|nod}}: {{W-|nod|ᨾᩣ|tr=ma|sc=Lana}}
* {{Z|th}}: {{W+|th|มา}}
* {{Z|crh}}: {{W-|crh|kelmek}}
* {{Z|tt}}: {{W+|tt|килергә}}
* {{Z|tet}}: {{W-|tet|mai}}
* {{Z|otk}}: {{W-|otk|𐰚𐰠|tr=kel-}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|gelmek}}
* {{Z|tk}}: {{W+|tk|gelmek}}
* {{Z|bo}}: {{W-|bo|ཡོང|sc=Tibt}}, {{W-|bo|ཕེབས|sc=Tibt}}
* {{Z|xto}}: {{W-|xto|kum-}}, {{W-|xto|käm-}}
* {{Z|txb}}: {{W-|txb|käm-}}
* {{Z|tyv}}: {{W-|tyv|келир}}
* {{Z|ur}}: {{W+|ur|آنا|tr=ānā}}
* {{Z|uk}}: {{W-|uk|прихо́дити|impf}}, {{W-|uk|прийти́|pf}}; {{W-|uk|приїжджа́ти|impf}}, {{W-|uk|приї́хати|pf}}, {{W-|uk|приїзди́ти|impf}}
* {{Z|vec}}: {{W+|vec|vegner}}
* {{Z|vi}}: {{W+|vi|lại}}, {{W+|vi|đến}}
* {{Z|wa}}: {{W+|wa|vni}}, {{W+|wa|vini}}
* {{Z|cy}}: {{W+|cy|dod}}
* {{Z|kjh}}: {{W-|kjh|килерге}}
* {{Z|km}}: {{W+|km|មក}}
* {{Z|sah}}: {{W-|sah|кэл}}
* {{Z|yag}}: {{W-|yag|akata}}
* {{Z|yi}}: {{W-|yi|קומען|sc=Hebr}}
* {{Z|yo}}: {{W-|yo|wá}}, {{W-|yo|bọ̀}}
* {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|έρχομαι}}
*: Kevn: {{W-|grc|ἀφικνέομαι}}, {{W-|grc|ἔρχομαι}}, {{W-|grc|ἱκνέομαι}}, {{W-|grc|ἱκάνω}}, {{W-|grc|ἵκω}}, {{W-|grc|ἥκω}}, {{W-|grc|ἕπομαι}}
* {{Z|zea}}: {{W-|zea|komme}}
* {{Z|za}}: {{W-|za|daeuj}}
* {{Z|zu}}: {{W-|zu|za|cuda=-za}}
{{werger-bin}}

=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|hatin|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[amadebûn]], [[hazirbûn]], [[gihiştin]]
#: {{mk|ku|Bi '''hatina''' te kêfxweş bûm.}}

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|aankoms}}
* {{Z|sq}}: {{W+|sq|arritje|m}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Ankunft|m}}
* {{Z|az}}: {{W-|az|gəliş}}
* {{Z|be}}: {{W-|be|прыбыццё|nt|sc=Cyrl}}, {{W-|be|прые́зд|n|sc=Cyrl}}, {{W-|be|прыхо́д|n|sc=Cyrl}}, {{W-|be|прылёт|n|sc=Cyrl}}
* {{Z|bn}}: {{W+|bn|আগমন}}
* {{Z|bg}}: {{W-|bg|присти́гане|nt}}
* {{Z|my}}: {{W+|my|ဆိုက်ရောက်|sc=Mymr}}, {{W-|my|ရောက်လာခြင်း|sc=Mymr}}
* {{Z|cs}}: {{W+|cs|příchod|n}}, {{W+|cs|příjezd|n}}, {{W+|cs|přílet|n}}
* {{Z|zh}}:
*: {{Z|cmn}}: {{W+|cmn|到達|tr=dàodá}}, {{W-|cmn|到來|tr=dàolái}}, {{W-|cmn|抵達|tr=dǐdá}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|ankomst|g}}
* {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|kedatangan}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|وُصُول|n}}, {{W-|ar|وِفَادَة|m}}
*: {{Z|arz}}: {{W-|arz|وصول|n|tr=wuṣūl}}
* {{Z|hy}}: {{W+|hy|ժամանում}}, {{W+|hy|գալուստ}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|alveno}}
* {{Z|et}}: {{W+|et|saabumine}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|ورود|tr=vorud}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|saapuminen}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|arrivée|m}}
* {{Z|gl}}: {{W-|gl|chegada|m}}, {{W+|gl|vida|m}}
* {{Z|got}}: {{W-|got|𐌵𐌿𐌼𐍃|n}}
* {{Z|ka}}: {{W-|ka|ჩამოსვლა}}, {{W-|ka|ჩამოფრენა}}
* {{Z|hi}}: {{W+|hi|आगमन|n|sc=Deva}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|komst|m}}, {{W+|nl|aankomst|m}}
* {{Z|he}}: {{W-|he|הַגָּעָה|m|tr=haga'a|sc=Hebr}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|coming}}, {{W+|en|advent}}, {{W+|en|arrival}},
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|arrivo|n}}
* {{Z|is}}: {{W+|is|koma|m}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|到着|tr=とうちゃく, tōchaku|sc=Jpan}}
* {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|arribada|m}}
* {{Z|ko}}: {{W-|ko|도착(到着)}}
* {{Z|la}}: {{W+|la|perventio|m}}, {{W+|la|adventum|nt}}, {{W+|la|adventus|n}}
* {{Z|lt}}: {{W+|lt|gimimas|n}}
* {{Z|mk}}: {{W-|mk|пристигнување|nt|sc=Cyrl}}
* {{Z|ms}}: {{W+|ms|kedatangan}}, {{W-|ms|ketibaan}}
* {{Z|mi}}: {{W-|mi|taenga}}, {{W-|mi|taetaenga}}, {{W-|mi|haramaitanga}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|érkezés}}
* {{Z|no}}:
*: {{Z|nb}}: {{W-|nb|ankomst|n}}
*: {{Z|nn}}: {{W-|nn|framkome|m}}, {{W-|nn|tilkomst|n}}, {{W-|nn|framkomst|n}}
* {{Z|ota}}: {{W-|ota|ادراك|tr=idrak}}
* {{Z|uz}}: {{W-|uz|yetib kelish}}, {{W+|uz|kelish}}
* {{Z|pdt}}: {{W-|pdt|Aunkunft|m}}
* {{Z|pl}}: {{W+|pl|przybycie|nt}}, {{W+|pl|przyjazd|n}}, {{W+|pl|przyjście|nt}}, {{W+|pl|przylot|n}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|chegada|m}}, {{W+|pt|vinda|m}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W+|ro|venire|m}}, {{W+|ro|sosire|m}}, {{W+|ro|ajungere|m}}
* {{Z|ru}}: {{W-|ru|прибы́тие|nt}}, {{W-|ru|прие́зд|n}}, {{W-|ru|прихо́д|n}}, {{W+|ru|прилёт|n}}
* {{Z|sa}}: {{W+|sa|आगमन|nt}}
* {{Z|sk}}: {{W-|sk|príchod|n}}, {{W-|sk|príjazd|n}}, {{W-|sk|prílet}}
* {{Z|sl}}: {{W+|sl|prihod|n}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|llegada|m}}, {{W+|es|venida|m}}, {{W+|es|arribo|n}}, {{W+|es|arribada|m}}
* {{Z|sw}}: {{W+|sw|ujaji}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|ankomst|g}}
* {{Z|tl}}: {{W-|tl|dating}}
* {{Z|twf}}: {{W-|twf|kwònéne}}
* {{Z|th}}: {{W-|th|การมาถึง|tr=gaan maa tʉ̌ng}}
* {{Z|te}}: {{W+|te|ఆగమనము}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|geliş}}
* {{Z|ur}}: {{W+|ur|آمد|n|tr=āmad|sc=ur-Arab}}
* {{Z|uk}}: {{W-|uk|прибуття́|nt|sc=Cyrl}}, {{W-|uk|приї́зд|n|sc=Cyrl}}, {{W-|uk|прихі́д|n|sc=Cyrl}}, {{W-|uk|прилі́т|n|sc=Cyrl}}
* {{Z|vi}}: {{W+|vi|đến|cuda=sự đến}}
* {{Z|cy}}: {{W-|cy|dyfodiad|n}}
* {{Z|km}}: {{W+|km|ដំណល់|tr=dɑmnɑl|sc=Khmr}}
* {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|άφιξη|m}}
*: Kevn: {{W-|grc|ἄφιξις|m}}, {{W-|grc|ἔλευσις|m}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>smt9myfu0942hd8tkmxf9kgcy4b9t5o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>çip</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4726</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237702</id>
      <parentid>6129528</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-14T14:54:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>6237702</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1961" sha1="1rt4c8y88spgfe7c59mlgm02p84bdx8" xml:space="preserve">{{bnr-h|cip|cîp|çîp}}

== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Navdêr 1===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|çip|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[dilop]], [[lib]]ên avê, [[heb]]ên avê yan yên [[şilî|şiliyek]]e din
#: {{nim|ku|Baran '''çip-çip''' dibarî.}}
# {{f|ku|mecazî}} [[piçek]], [[kêm]], [[hinek]]
#: {{nim|ku|Ger '''çipek''' jî hiş di serê te heba, te wa nedigot.}}

==== Ji wêjeyê ====
* {{jêder|ku|jêgirtin=Qedeha xwe ta '''çipa''' dawîn bi ser dilê xwe de kir, destê xwe bi serûçavên xwe de anî. Paşî destê xwe kir berîka xwe de û parçehelbesta xwe deranî. Xemek xweşik ket ser rûyê wî, dişibî mijek binefşî. Ji xwe re got: Helbest jiyanek bi serê xwe ye, wek tê gotin, zimanê xwedayan e. Ev tenêtiya min, esmanê sayî, dara şên, çîrok û şano, hemî bedewî û delaliyên vê jiyanê helbest in. 'Neke' û 'here' yên keçan, axîn û nalînên kuran, xwişîn û lemelema kanîkan, berfa rizde û betenan, hemî helbest in. Jiyana helbest tê de nemîne, dê bibe cemed û qeşayek bêtam û bêbêhn.| Reûf Bêgerd: ''Mirina helbestvanekî'', wergerrandin ji soranî: Husein Muhammed, Nefel.com, 10/2009}}

==== Etîmolojî ====
{{onom|ku}}, bide ber îbrî [[טיפה]] (ṭipa)

==== Jê ====
{{kol3|ku|cure=Jê
|çip kirin&lt;q:lêker&gt;
|çipkirin&lt;q:navdêr&gt;
|çipkirî&lt;q:rengdêr&gt;
|çipandin
|çip-çip
|çip-çipî
|çip-çipkî
|çipî
|çipîn
|çipik
|çipikandin
|çipikî
|çipikîn
}}

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Tropfen}} {{nt}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|pisara}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|goutte}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|druppel}} {{n}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|drop}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|goccia}}
* [[slovakî]]: [[kvapka]]
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|damla}}, {{W+|tr|şıp}}, {{W+|tr|pıt}}, {{W+|tr|zıp|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}

=== Navdêr 2 ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# '''xwe çip kirin''': xwe[[hilavêtin]]
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>1rt4c8y88spgfe7c59mlgm02p84bdx8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>rêbir</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5568</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237732</id>
      <parentid>6236208</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-15T10:11:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IbrahimKocher Duhok</username>
        <id>4280</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Werger */</comment>
      <origin>6237732</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1015" sha1="gb1zvbjjot3ku0dx8gtl6sf2isi2wyg" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}} {{r-ya req}}
* {{kîte|ku|rê|bir}}

=== Navdêr 1 ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|rêbir|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# Kesa/ê [[rê]] [[girtin|digire]].
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}

==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|رێبڕ}}

==== Herwiha ====
* [[rêbirr]]

==== Hevmane ====
* [[rêgir]]
* [[korsan]]
* [[eşqiya]]
* [[heydûd]]
* [[nijdevan]]
* [[çete]]

==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{qertaf|ku|rê|-bir}}.

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Räuber|m|guman=erê}}, {{W+|de|Behinderung|f|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|قاطع طريق}};{{W-|ar|لص}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|raider}}, {{W+|en|brigand}}, {{W+|en|bandit}}, {{W+|en|pirate}}, {{W+|en|highwayman}}, {{W+|en|bandolero|guman=erê}},  {{W-|en|highway robber|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|gangster}}, {{W+|tr|hayta}}, {{W+|tr|korsan}}, {{W+|tr|eşkıya}}
{{werger-bin}}

=== Navdêr 2 ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=mn}}
# ''(kesa/ê rê nîşanî xelkê dide) Binere'': '''[[rêber]]'''
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}</text>
      <sha1>gb1zvbjjot3ku0dx8gtl6sf2isi2wyg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>cil</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7061</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237697</id>
      <parentid>6114607</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-14T14:24:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Navdêr */</comment>
      <origin>6237697</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9814" sha1="8ce6ed3xw5m2z69xsk5mrlioeg3i4sc" xml:space="preserve">{{bnr-h|cil|cîl|çil|çîl}}

== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36368 (kur)-Dildadil-cil.wav|Deng|Amed}}
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|cil|nêr}}
[[Wêne:Clothes.jpg|thumb|Hin [[cûn]] '''cilên''' dîrokî.]]
{{navdêr|ku|z=n}}
# Tiştên mirov [[li xwe kirin|li xwe dikin]] anku [[kirin ber xwe|dikin ber xwe]] (wek [[gumlek]], [[derpî]], [[gore]], [[fanêle]], [[saqo]] û hwd.).
#* {{jêder|ku|{{Jêgirtin/Melayê Cizîrî/Dîwana Melayê Cizirî}}|jêgirtin=Darûwê qelbê Melê bû&lt;/br&gt;Lew bi çehvên min '''cila''' ye&lt;/br&gt;Banesîm dê çî lezînî}}

==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|جل}}

==== Herwiha ====
* [[cilik]]
* [[cilk]]

==== Hevmane ====
* [[çek]]
* [[libas]]
* [[kinc]]
* [[berg]]

==== Jê ====
{{kol3|ku|cure=Jê
|cil şil bûn&lt;q:lêker&gt;
|cil şil kirin&lt;q:lêker&gt;
|cil ziwa bûn
|cil ziwa kirin
|cil kirin
|cil xistin
|cillixwekirin&lt;q:navdêr&gt;
|ciljixwekirin&lt;q:navdêr&gt;
|ciljiberxwekirin&lt;q:navdêr&gt;
|cilşilbûn
|cilşilkirin
|cilziwabûn
|cilziwakirin
|cilbiristêvekirin
|ciljiristêvekirin
|cilkirin
|cilxistin
|bêcil
|bêcilî
|bicil
|bicilî
|bincil
|cildir
|cildirî
|cildirû
|sercil
}}

==== Etîmolojî ====
Herwiha [[cilik]], [[hevreh]]a tirkî [[çul]], herdu ji {{ji|ar|ku|جلة}} (culle&lt;sup&gt;t&lt;/sup&gt;: cil, libas; [[sercil]]). Peyva erebî bi xwe ihtimalen ji {{ji|tr|ku|yelek}} e, ji tirkiya kevn [[yél-]] ([[pif]] dan, [[pif]] kirinê). Ji eynî rehî: [[êlek]], [[jîle]]. Bo guherîna Y bi C bide ber: [[cihû]], [[cejn]], [[cuda]], [[cot]]... Peyva [[çek]] ya bi maneya &quot;cil&quot; jî dîsa kurtkirina &quot;*celek&quot; (cil, cilik) e lê L û E-yek jê hatine avêtin û C hatiye bêlerzkirin anku bûye Ç. Heman peyv wek [[jelick]] / [[gilet]] ketiye zimanên ewropî jî û wek [[jîle]] / [[jile]] li kurdî û tirkî vegeriye.

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|klere}}
* {{Z|sq}}: {{W-|sq|rroba}}, {{W-|sq|tesha}}, {{W+|sq|veshje|m}}, {{W+|sq|enë}}
* {{Z|pdc}}: {{W-|pdc|Gleeder|nt-p}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Kleider|nt-p}}, {{W+|de|Kleidung|m}}; {{W+|de|Anziehsachen|m-p}}, {{W+|de|Klamotten|m-p}}
* {{Z|alt}}: {{W-|alt|кийим}}
* {{Z|rup}}: {{W-|rup|vishtimintu|nt}}, {{W-|rup|nviscãmindu|nt}}, {{W-|rup|stranj|nt}}, {{W-|rup|stranjiu|nt}}, {{W-|rup|alãxãmintu|nt}}, {{W-|rup|stoli}}, {{W-|rup|custumi}}
* {{Z|ast}}: {{W-|ast|ropa|m}}
* {{Z|az}}: {{W+|az|geyim}}, {{W+|az|paltar}}, {{W-|az|libas}}, {{W-|az|əyin}}
* {{Z|eu}}: {{W-|eu|arropa}}
* {{Z|ba}}: {{W-|ba|кейем}}
* {{Z|be}}: {{W-|be|адзе́жа|m}}, {{W-|be|адзе́нне|nt}}
* {{Z|bn}}: {{W+|bn|পোশাক}}, {{W+|bn|কাপড়}}, {{W+|bn|বস্ত্র}}
* {{Z|bg}}: {{W+|bg|облекло́|nt}}, {{W+|bg|дре́хи|p}}, {{W+|bg|оде́жда|m}}
* {{Z|my}}: {{W+|my|အဝတ်အစား}}
* {{Z|ccc}}: {{W-|ccc|ropa}}
* {{Z|cs}}: {{W+|cs|oblečení|nt}}, {{W+|cs|šaty|p}}
* {{Z|chr}}: {{W-|chr|ᏧᎾᏄᏬ}}, {{W-|chr|ᏗᎿᏬ}}
* {{Z|cic}}: {{W-|cic|naafka}}
* {{Z|zh}}:
*: {{Z|yue}}: {{W-|yue|衣服|tr=ji1 fuk6}}, {{W-|yue|服裝|tr=fuk6 zong1}}, {{W-|yue|衣著}}, {{W-|yue|衣着|tr=ji1 zoek3}}, {{W-|yue|衫褲|tr=saam1 fu3}}, {{W-|yue|衫|tr=saam1}}
*: {{Z|dng}}: {{W-|dng|йишон}}, {{W-|dng|йифу}}
*: {{Z|hak}}: {{W-|hak|服裝|tr=fu̍k-chông}}, {{W-|hak|衫褲|tr=sâm-fu}}
*: {{Z|cmn}}: {{W+|cmn|衣服|tr=yīfu}}, {{W+|cmn|服裝|tr=fúzhuāng}}, {{W+|cmn|衣裳|tr=yīshang}}, {{W-|cmn|衣著}}, {{W+|cmn|衣着|tr=yīzhuó}}
*: {{Z|cdo}}: {{W-|cdo|衣裳|tr=ĭ-siòng}}
*: {{Z|nan}}: {{W-|nan|衣服|tr=i-ho̍k}}, {{W+|nan|服裝|tr=ho̍k-tsong}}, {{W-|nan|衫褲|tr=saⁿ-khò͘}}, {{W+|nan|衫仔褲|tr=saⁿ-á-khò͘}}, {{W+|nan|衫|tr=saⁿ}}
*: {{Z|wuu}}: {{W-|wuu|衣裳}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|tøj|nt}}, {{W-|da|klæder|p}}, {{W-|da|beklædning|g}}
* {{Z|dlg}}: {{W-|dlg|таӈас|tr=taňas}}
* {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|pakaian}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W-|ar|مَلَابِس|m}}, {{W-|ar|ثِيَاب|m}}, {{W-|ar|كِسْوَة|m}}
*: {{Z|arz}}: {{W-|arz|هدوم|tr=hidūm}}, {{W-|arz|لبس|n|tr=libs}}
* {{Z|hy}}: {{W+|hy|հագուստ}}, {{W+|hy|զգեստ}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|vestaĵo}}
* {{Z|et}}: {{W-|et|kehakate}}, {{W-|et|riided}}, {{W-|et|riietus}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|لباس|tr=lebâs}}, {{W+|fa|پوشاک|tr=pušâk}}
* {{Z|ddg}}: {{W-|ddg|faru}}
* {{Z|fo}}: {{W-|fo|klæði|nt-p}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|vaate}}
* {{Z|vls}}: {{W-|vls|klêers|p}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|vêtements}}
* {{Z|gd}}: {{W-|gd|aodach|n}}
* {{Z|gl}}: {{W+|gl|vestimenta|m}}
* {{Z|ka}}: {{W-|ka|ტანსაცმელი}}
* {{Z|haw}}: {{W-|haw|lole}}
* {{Z|hi}}: {{W+|hi|कपड़ा|cuda=कपड़े|n-p}}
* {{Z|mww}}: {{W-|mww|khaub ncaws}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|kleren|p}}
* {{Z|he}}: {{W-|he|בְּגָדִים|n-p|tr=bgadím}}
* {{Z|io}}: {{W+|io|vesti}}, {{W+|io|vestaro}}
* {{Z|ilo}}: {{W-|ilo|bado}}
* {{Z|ang}}: {{W-|ang|clāþas|n-p}}
* {{Z|enm}}: {{W-|enm|clething}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|clothes}}
* {{Z|ga}}: {{W-|ga|éadach|n}}
* {{Z|ist}}: {{W-|ist|vesteîti}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|vestiti|n-p}}, {{W+|it|abbigliamento|n}}
* {{Z|is}}: {{W+|is|föt|nt-p}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|衣服|tr=いふく, ifuku}}, {{W+|ja|服|tr=ふく, fuku}}, {{W+|ja|衣類|tr=いるい, irui}}
* {{Z|jv}}: {{W+|jv|panganggo}}
* {{Z|xal}}: {{W-|xal|хувцн}}
* {{Z|pam}}: {{W-|pam|malan}}
* {{Z|krc}}: {{W-|krc|кийим|tr=kiyim}}
* {{Z|kdr}}: {{W-|kdr|kijit́}}
* {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|roba}}
* {{Z|qu}}: {{W-|qu|p'acha}}
* {{Z|ky}}: {{W+|ky|кийим}}
* {{Z|ko}}: {{W+|ko|옷}}, {{W+|ko|의복}}
* {{Z|kum}}: {{W-|kum|гийим|tr=giyim}}
* {{Z|la}}: {{W-|la|vestīmenta|nt-p}}, {{W-|la|vestītus|n}}, {{W-|la|vestis|m}}, {{W-|la|velāmen|nt}}
* {{Z|lv}}: {{W-|lv|drēbes|m-p}}
* {{Z|lo}}: {{W-|lo|ສົ້ງເສື້ອ}}, {{W-|lo|ເສື້ອຜ້າ}}, {{W-|lo|ເຄື່ອງນຸ່ງ}}
* {{Z|lt}}: {{W-|lt|apranga|m}}
* {{Z|mk}}: {{W-|mk|облека|m}}
* {{Z|ms}}: {{W+|ms|pakaian}}
* {{Z|mt}}: {{W-|mt|ħwejjeġ|p}}
* {{Z|mi}}: {{W-|mi|kākahu}}, {{W-|mi|koheka}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|ruha}}, {{W+|hu|ruhák}}
* {{Z|mn}}:
*: Kirîlî: {{W+|mn|хувцас}}, {{W+|mn|хунар}}
* {{Z|nv}}: {{W-|nv|ééʼ}}
* {{Z|ne}}: {{W+|ne|कपडा}}
* {{Z|nay}}: {{W-|nay|mayinggar}}
* {{Z|nog}}: {{W-|nog|кийим}}
* {{Z|no}}:
*: {{Z|nb}}: {{W+|nb|klær|p}}, {{W-|nb|bekledning|m}}
* {{Z|oc}}: {{W+|oc|vestit|n}}
* {{Z|om}}: {{W-|om|uffata}}
* {{Z|os}}: {{W-|os|дарӕс}}, {{W-|os|уӕлӕдарӕс}}, {{W-|os|дзаума}}
* {{Z|ug}}: {{W+|ug|كىيىم}}
* {{Z|uz}}: {{W+|uz|kiyim}}, {{W+|uz|libos}}
* {{Z|ps}}: {{W-|ps|البسه|m-p|tr=albesá}}, {{W-|ps|نواري|n-p|tr=nawārí}}
* {{Z|pl}}: {{W+|pl|ubranie|nt}}, {{W-|pl|ubrania|nt-p}}, {{W+|pl|odzież|n}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|roupa|m}}, {{W+|pt|vestuário|n}}
* {{Z|pa}}: {{W-|pa|ਬਸਤਰ|n}}, {{W-|pa|ਕੱਪੜੇ|n-p}}, {{W-|pa|ਪਹਿਰਾਵਾ|n}}
* {{Z|kk}}: {{W-|kk|киім}}
* {{Z|rom}}: {{W-|rom|gada|n-p}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W+|ro|haine|m-p}}, {{W+|ro|îmbrăcăminte|m}}, {{W+|ro|rufe|m-p}}
* {{Z|ru}}: {{W+|ru|оде́жда|m}}, {{W+|ru|одёжа|m}}
* {{Z|ceb}}: {{W-|ceb|sinina}}
* {{Z|sid}}: {{W-|sid|uddano}}
* {{Z|csm}}: {{W-|csm|ˀyká·py-}}
* {{Z|sh}}:
*: Kirîlî: {{W-|sh|о̏дећа|m}}, {{W-|sh|о̏дјећа|m}}, {{W-|sh|о̀дежда|m}}
*: Latînî: {{W+|sh|ȍdeća|m}}, {{W+|sh|ȍdjeća|m}}, {{W+|sh|òdežda|m}}
* {{Z|cu}}:
*: Kirîlî: {{W-|cu|одежда|m}}
* {{Z|sk}}: {{W-|sk|oblečenie|nt}}, {{W-|sk|šaty|p}}, {{W-|sk|oblek|n}}
* {{Z|sl}}: {{W+|sl|obleka|m}}, {{W-|sl|perílo|nt}}
* {{Z|so}}: {{W-|so|lebis}}
* {{Z|st}}: {{W-|st|diaparo}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|ropa|m}}, {{W+|es|trapos|n-p}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|kläder|c-p}}
* {{Z|tg}}: {{W+|tg|либос}}
* {{Z|tl}}: {{W-|tl|kasuotan}}, {{W+|tl|damit}}
* {{Z|ta}}: {{W+|ta|உடுப்பு}}, {{W+|ta|உடை}}, {{W+|ta|ஆடை}}, {{W+|ta|துணி}}
* {{Z|rif}}: {{W-|rif|arruḍ|n}}
* {{Z|th}}: {{W+|th|เสื้อผ้า}}
* {{Z|crh}}: {{W-|crh|urba}}
* {{Z|tt}}: {{W+|tt|кием}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|giyim}}, {{W+|tr|giysi}}, {{W+|tr|örtüler}}
* {{Z|tk}}: {{W-|tk|geýim}}, {{W-|tk|egin-eşik}}
* {{Z|bo}}: {{W-|bo|ན་བཟའ}}, {{W-|bo|དུག་སློག}}
* {{Z|kim}}: {{W-|kim|кедім|tr=kedim}}
* {{Z|tpi}}: {{W-|tpi|klos}}
* {{Z|txb}}: {{W-|txb|wastsi}}
* {{Z|ur}}: {{W-|ur|کپڑا|cuda=کپڑے|n-p|tr=kapṛe}}, {{W-|ur|لباس|tr=libās}}, {{W-|ur|پوشاک|tr=pośāk}}
* {{Z|uk}}: {{W+|uk|о́дяг|n}}, {{W-|uk|оде́жа|m}}, {{W-|uk|о́діж|m}}
* {{Z|uum}}: {{W-|uum|кийим|tr=kiyim}} ,{{W-|uum|т'ийим|tr=t́iyim}}
* {{Z|vi}}: {{W+|vi|quần áo}}, {{W+|vi|đồ}}
* {{Z|cy}}: {{W+|cy|dillad|p}}, {{W+|cy|dilledyn|n}}
* {{Z|win}}: {{W-|win|wainį}}
* {{Z|kjh}}: {{W-|kjh|кип}}
* {{Z|km}}: {{W-|km|ខោអាវ}}, {{W+|km|អាវ}}
* {{Z|sah}}: {{W-|sah|таҥас}}
* {{Z|yi}}: {{W-|yi|אָנטאָן|nt}}, {{W-|yi|קליידער|nt-p}}
* {{Z|yo}}: {{W-|yo|aṣọ}}, {{W-|yo|ẹ̀wù}}
* {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|ρούχο|nt}}
*: Kevn: {{W-|grc|ἐσθής|m}}, {{W-|grc|[[ἱμάτιον|ἱμάτια]]|nt-p}}
* {{Z|za}}: {{W-|za|buh}}, {{W-|za|buhvaq}}
{{werger-bin}}

:{{werger çavkanî|en|clothes|beş=Ev beşa Wergerê|oldid=75616000}}

== {{ziman|dlm}} ==

=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|dlm|z=n}}
# {{mijar|dlm|stêrnasî}} {{g|ku|esman}}
#* {{bêmînak|dlm}}

=== Çavkanî ===
{{rûpela wergerê|dlm|esman}}

== {{ziman|fr}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{deng|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Helenou66-cil.wav|Deng|dever=Saint-Laurent-de-Cerdans, Fransa}}

=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|fr|z=n}}
# {{mijar|fr|anatomî}} {{g|ku|bijang}}, {{g|ku|mijûlank}}
#* {{bêmînak|fr}}

=== Çavkanî ===
{{rûpela wergerê|fr|bijang}}

== {{ziman|vo}} ==

=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|vo}}
# {{f|vo|malbat}} [[zarok#ku|zarok]]
#* {{bêmînak|vo}}</text>
      <sha1>8ce6ed3xw5m2z69xsk5mrlioeg3i4sc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>zirûf</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>9160</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237731</id>
      <parentid>6026974</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-15T09:48:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IbrahimKocher Duhok</username>
        <id>4280</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Werger */</comment>
      <origin>6237731</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="641" sha1="mw1vlrqum0rxl2ebjt845g5dywvhj39" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=n}}
# [[rewş]], [[destûdar]], [[kavdan]], [[barûdox]], [[hal]], [[weziyet]]
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
# {{kontrol|rêz=erê|[[timtêl]], [[kewn]], [[kewter]]}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}

==== Herwiha ====
* [[zirof]]
* [[zurof]]
* [[zurûf]]

==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{ji|ar|ku}}

==== Jê ====
* [[zirûfî]]

==== Werger ====
''rewş''
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|شرایط}}, {{W+|fa|وضعیت}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|tilanne}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W-|en|situation}}, {{W+|en|state}}, {{W+|en|position}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|durum}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>mw1vlrqum0rxl2ebjt845g5dywvhj39</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>çêkirin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>10539</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237707</id>
      <parentid>6232961</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-14T22:10:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-34921-97</username>
        <id>15054</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Werger: +gahrî : [[Zayenda]] (bi alîkarî)</comment>
      <origin>6237707</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6777" sha1="l0pihcjzrf6qnuiaynxf6pao9kbqetn" xml:space="preserve">{{bnr-h|çekirin}}

== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36368 (kur)-Dildadil-çêkirin.wav|Deng|Amed}}
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163 (kmr)-Ebulfîda-çêkirin.wav|Deng|Bidlîs}}
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk|çêkirin|form=gerguhêz|niha=k|borî=kir|pêşgir=çê}}
{{lêker|ku|c=p-gh}}
# [[afirandin]], [[durist|durist kirin]], [[saz| saz kirin]], [[amade|amade kirin]], [[pêk anîn]], [[encam dan]], [[hazir kirin]]
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
# [[piraştin]]
#: {{mk|ku|Piraştina xwarinan gelek bi pêngav in}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
# [[dariştin]]
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
# [[daberandin]]
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
# [[ava kirin]]
#: {{mk|ku|Mirovên berê bi keviran xanî ava dikir}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
# [[hilberandin]]
#: {{mk|ku|Mêşhingiv hingivan ji kulîlkan hildiberînin}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
# [[ristin]]
#: {{mk|ku|Hevalên ku projeyek amade kir bi hezaran kod ristibûn}}
#: {{mk|ku|Rìste ristin bestîya kiryarê ye}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
# [[saxlem|saxlem kirin]], [[nûjen]] kirin, [[tamîr|tamîr kirin]], [[baş|baş kirin]], [[çak|çak kirin]], [[qenc|qenc kirin]], [[rind|rind kirin]], [[sax|sax kirin]]
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}

==== Ji wêjeya klasîk ====
* {{jêder|ku|{{Jêgirtin/Mela Hisênê Bateyî/Mewlûda Kurdî}}|jêgirtin=Kef bûye erd û dûxan bû asîman.&lt;br /&gt;Niveka dî '''çêkirin''' jê çarî çîz&lt;br /&gt;'Erş û kursî û qelem lewhe temîz}}

==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
*  {{ku-ar|چێکرن}}
*  (''Ehmedê Xanî''):  {{g|ku|sc=Arab|چیکرن|tr=çêkirin}}

==== Herwiha ====
*  [[çê kirin]]

==== Têkildar ====
* [[çêbûn]]

==== Jê ====
{{stûn|
* [[çêkar]]
* [[çêkarî]]
* [[çêker]]
* [[çêkerî]]
* [[çêkerîtî]]
* [[çêkirî]]
* [[çêkirîtî]]
}}

==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{pêk|ku|çê|kirin}}.

==== Bi zaravayên din ====
* Soranî: [[durist kirin]]
* Zazakî: [[viraştene]]

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|maak}}
* {{Z|goh}}: {{W-|goh|mahhōn}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|machen}}, {{W+|de|bauen}}
* {{Z|am}}: {{W-|am|መስራት|sc=Ethi}}
* {{Z|as}}: {{W-|as|সজা}}, {{W-|as|বনোৱা}}
* {{Z|ain}}: {{W-|ain|カラ|tr=kara}}
* {{Z|az}}: {{W-|az|eləmək}}, {{W+|az|etmək}}
* {{Z|be}}: {{W-|be|рабі́ць|impf|sc=Cyrl}}, {{W-|be|зрабі́ць|pf|sc=Cyrl}}
* {{Z|br}}: {{W+|br|ober}}
* {{Z|mbb}}: {{W-|mbb|ba'al}}
* {{Z|bg}}: {{W+|bg|строя}}
* {{Z|cs}}: {{W+|cs|stavět}}
* {{Z|zh}}:
*: {{Z|yue}}: {{W-|yue|整|tr=zing2}}
*: {{Z|cmn}}: {{W+|cmn|制造|tr=zhìzào}}, {{W+|cmn|做|tr=zuò}}, {{W+|cmn|製作|tr=zhìzuò}}
* {{Z|chk}}: {{W-|chk|föri}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|lave}}, {{W-|da|udføre}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W+|ar|فَعَلَ}}, {{W+|ar|صَنَعَ}}
*: {{Z|arq}}: {{W-|arq|دار}}
* {{Z|hy}}: {{W+|hy|անել}}, {{W+|hy|շինել}}, {{W+|hy|սարքել}}, {{W+|hy|պատրաստել}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|fari}}
* {{Z|et}}: {{W+|et|tegema}}
* {{Z|eve}}: {{W-|eve|о-}}
* {{Z|evn}}: {{W-|evn|о-}}
* {{Z|xfa}}: {{W-|xfa|facio|sc=Ital}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|ساختن|tr=sâxtan}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|tehdä}}, {{W+|fi|rakentaa}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|faire}}
* {{Z|frr}}: {{W-|frr|mååge}}, {{W-|frr|maage}}
* {{Z|fy}}: {{W-|fy|meitsje}}
* {{Z|gd}}: {{W-|gd|dèan}}
* {{Z|bfu}}: {{W|bfu|Zayenda}}
* {{Z|gl}}: {{W+|gl|facer}}, {{W+|gl|construír}}
* {{Z|got}}: {{W-|got|𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽}}
* {{Z|gn}}: {{W+|gn|japo}}
* {{Z|hi}}: {{W+|hi|बनाना}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|maken}}
* {{Z|he}}: {{W+|he|בנה|tr=banáh}}
* {{Z|ang}}: {{W-|ang|wyrċan}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|make}}
* {{Z|ga}}: {{W-|ga|déan}}
* {{Z|ist}}: {{W-|ist|fà}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|fare}}
* {{Z|is}}: {{W+|is|gera}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|作る|tr=つくる, tsukuru}}, {{W+|ja|建設|cuda=建設する|tr=けんせつする, kensetsu suru}}
* {{Z|jra}}: {{W-|jra|ngă}}
* {{Z|xbr}}: {{W-|xbr|pandoi}}
* {{Z|kea}}: {{W-|kea|faze}}
* {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|fer}}
* {{Z|ko}}: {{W+|ko|만들다}}, {{W+|ko|하다}}, {{W+|ko|제작하다}}
* {{Z|kw}}: {{W-|kw|gul}}, {{W-|kw|gwul}}, {{W-|kw|gwruthyl}}
* {{Z|ltg}}: {{W-|ltg|gatavēt}}, {{W-|ltg|rūst}}, {{W-|ltg|taiseit}}
* {{Z|la}}: {{W+|la|facio}}, {{W+|la|ago}}, {{W+|la|struo}}
* {{Z|lv}}: {{W+|lv|darīt}}
* {{Z|liv}}: {{W-|liv|tīedõ}}
* {{Z|mhn}}: {{W-|mhn|mòchen}}
* {{Z|mk}}: {{W+|mk|прави|impf}}
* {{Z|mi}}: {{W-|mi|hanga}}
* {{Z|mrw}}: {{W-|mrw|ba'al}}
* {{Z|gun}}: {{W-|gun|japo}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|készít}}, {{W+|hu|csinál}}
* {{Z|egy}}: {{W-egy|jrj|h=ir}}
* {{Z|gld}}: {{W-|gld|анго-}}
* {{Z|nds}}:
*: {{Z|nds-de}}: {{W-|nds-de|maken}}
* {{Z|nrf}}: {{W-|nrf|faithe}}
* {{Z|pl}}: {{W+|pl|konstruować}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|fazer}}, {{W+|pt|construir}}
* {{Z|cop}}: {{W-|cop|ⲉⲓⲣⲉ|sc=Copt}}, {{W-|cop|ⲣⲁ|tr=ra}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W+|ro|face}}
* {{Z|ru}}: {{W+|ru|де́лать|impf}}, {{W+|ru|сде́лать|pf}}, {{W+|ru|изгота́вливать|impf}}, {{W+|ru|изготовля́ть|impf}}, {{W+|ru|изгото́вить|pf}}
* {{Z|scn}}: {{W+|scn|fari}}
* {{Z|csm}}: {{W-|csm|čý·l-}}
* {{Z|syl}}: {{W-|syl|ꠛꠣꠘꠣꠘꠤ}}, {{W-|syl|ꠢꠣꠎꠣ}}
* {{Z|sco}}: {{W-|sco|mak}}
* {{Z|sk}}: {{W+|sk|robiť}}
* {{Z|sl}}: {{W-|sl|narediti}}
* {{Z|so}}: {{W-|so|samayn}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|hacer}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|göra}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|yapmak}}
* {{Z|txb}}: {{W-|txb|yām-}}
* {{Z|ur}}: {{W-|ur|بنانا|tr=banānā|sc=ur-Arab}}
* {{Z|uk}}: {{W+|uk|роби́ти|impf|sc=Cyrl}}, {{W+|uk|зроби́ти|pf|sc=Cyrl}}, {{W-|uk|виготовля́ти|impf|sc=Cyrl}}, {{W-|uk|вигото́вити|pf|sc=Cyrl}}
* {{Z|vec}}: {{W+|vec|far}}
* {{Z|vi}}: {{W+|vi|làm}}
* {{Z|cy}}: {{W+|cy|gwneud}}
* {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|κατασκευάζω}}, {{W+|el|φτιάχνω}}
*: Kevn: {{W-|grc|ποιέω}}
{{werger-bin}}
:{{werger çavkanî|en|make|beş=Ev qismê Wergerê|oldid=75964801}}

=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|çêkirin|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[afirandin]], [[duristkirin]], [[sazkirin]], [[amadekirin]], [[pêkanîn]], [[encamdan]], [[hazirkirin]], [[tamîrkirin]]:
#: ''çêkirina xwarinê'' (hazirkirin, kelandin, biraştin...)
#: ''çêkirina xaniyan'' (avakirin)
#: ''çêkirina tiştekî nû'' (îcadkirin, keşkirin)
#: ''çêkirina dersên xwe'' (nivîsîn)

==== Bi zaravayên din ====
* Soranî: [[duristkirin]]
* Zazakî: [[viraştiş]]

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W-|de|Anfertigen|nt}}, {{W+|de|Anfertigung|m}}, {{W+|de|Fabrikation|m}}, {{W+|de|Herstellung|m}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|tekeminen}}
* {{Z|gl}}: {{W-|gl|feitura|m}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|making}}
* {{Z|la}}: {{W+|la|factūra|n}}
* {{Z|sa}}: {{W+|sa|कृति|m}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|etme}}, {{W+|tr|yapma}}
* Yûnanî:
*: Kevn: {{W-|grc|ποίησις|m}}
{{werger-bin}}

:{{werger çavkanî|en|making|beş=Ev qismê Wergerê|oldid=75964826}}</text>
      <sha1>l0pihcjzrf6qnuiaynxf6pao9kbqetn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237724</id>
      <parentid>6237707</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-15T02:51:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Guhartoya [[Special:Diff/6237707|6237707]] yê [[Special:Contributions/~2026-34921-97|~2026-34921-97]] ([[User talk:~2026-34921-97|gotûbêj]]) şûnde kir</comment>
      <origin>6237724</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6746" sha1="2ve9hz3p94rzwkij4x0isaqot5268wt" xml:space="preserve">{{bnr-h|çekirin}}

== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36368 (kur)-Dildadil-çêkirin.wav|Deng|Amed}}
* {{deng|ku|LL-Q36163 (kmr)-Ebulfîda-çêkirin.wav|Deng|Bidlîs}}
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Lêker ===
{{ku-tewîn-lk|çêkirin|form=gerguhêz|niha=k|borî=kir|pêşgir=çê}}
{{lêker|ku|c=p-gh}}
# [[afirandin]], [[durist|durist kirin]], [[saz| saz kirin]], [[amade|amade kirin]], [[pêk anîn]], [[encam dan]], [[hazir kirin]]
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
# [[piraştin]]
#: {{mk|ku|Piraştina xwarinan gelek bi pêngav in}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
# [[dariştin]]
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
# [[daberandin]]
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
# [[ava kirin]]
#: {{mk|ku|Mirovên berê bi keviran xanî ava dikir}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
# [[hilberandin]]
#: {{mk|ku|Mêşhingiv hingivan ji kulîlkan hildiberînin}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
# [[ristin]]
#: {{mk|ku|Hevalên ku projeyek amade kir bi hezaran kod ristibûn}}
#: {{mk|ku|Rìste ristin bestîya kiryarê ye}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}
# [[saxlem|saxlem kirin]], [[nûjen]] kirin, [[tamîr|tamîr kirin]], [[baş|baş kirin]], [[çak|çak kirin]], [[qenc|qenc kirin]], [[rind|rind kirin]], [[sax|sax kirin]]
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}

==== Ji wêjeya klasîk ====
* {{jêder|ku|{{Jêgirtin/Mela Hisênê Bateyî/Mewlûda Kurdî}}|jêgirtin=Kef bûye erd û dûxan bû asîman.&lt;br /&gt;Niveka dî '''çêkirin''' jê çarî çîz&lt;br /&gt;'Erş û kursî û qelem lewhe temîz}}

==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
*  {{ku-ar|چێکرن}}
*  (''Ehmedê Xanî''):  {{g|ku|sc=Arab|چیکرن|tr=çêkirin}}

==== Herwiha ====
*  [[çê kirin]]

==== Têkildar ====
* [[çêbûn]]

==== Jê ====
{{stûn|
* [[çêkar]]
* [[çêkarî]]
* [[çêker]]
* [[çêkerî]]
* [[çêkerîtî]]
* [[çêkirî]]
* [[çêkirîtî]]
}}

==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{pêk|ku|çê|kirin}}.

==== Bi zaravayên din ====
* Soranî: [[durist kirin]]
* Zazakî: [[viraştene]]

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|maak}}
* {{Z|goh}}: {{W-|goh|mahhōn}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|machen}}, {{W+|de|bauen}}
* {{Z|am}}: {{W-|am|መስራት|sc=Ethi}}
* {{Z|as}}: {{W-|as|সজা}}, {{W-|as|বনোৱা}}
* {{Z|ain}}: {{W-|ain|カラ|tr=kara}}
* {{Z|az}}: {{W-|az|eləmək}}, {{W+|az|etmək}}
* {{Z|be}}: {{W-|be|рабі́ць|impf|sc=Cyrl}}, {{W-|be|зрабі́ць|pf|sc=Cyrl}}
* {{Z|br}}: {{W+|br|ober}}
* {{Z|mbb}}: {{W-|mbb|ba'al}}
* {{Z|bg}}: {{W+|bg|строя}}
* {{Z|cs}}: {{W+|cs|stavět}}
* {{Z|zh}}:
*: {{Z|yue}}: {{W-|yue|整|tr=zing2}}
*: {{Z|cmn}}: {{W+|cmn|制造|tr=zhìzào}}, {{W+|cmn|做|tr=zuò}}, {{W+|cmn|製作|tr=zhìzuò}}
* {{Z|chk}}: {{W-|chk|föri}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|lave}}, {{W-|da|udføre}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W+|ar|فَعَلَ}}, {{W+|ar|صَنَعَ}}
*: {{Z|arq}}: {{W-|arq|دار}}
* {{Z|hy}}: {{W+|hy|անել}}, {{W+|hy|շինել}}, {{W+|hy|սարքել}}, {{W+|hy|պատրաստել}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W+|eo|fari}}
* {{Z|et}}: {{W+|et|tegema}}
* {{Z|eve}}: {{W-|eve|о-}}
* {{Z|evn}}: {{W-|evn|о-}}
* {{Z|xfa}}: {{W-|xfa|facio|sc=Ital}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|ساختن|tr=sâxtan}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|tehdä}}, {{W+|fi|rakentaa}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|faire}}
* {{Z|frr}}: {{W-|frr|mååge}}, {{W-|frr|maage}}
* {{Z|fy}}: {{W-|fy|meitsje}}
* {{Z|gd}}: {{W-|gd|dèan}}
* {{Z|gl}}: {{W+|gl|facer}}, {{W+|gl|construír}}
* {{Z|got}}: {{W-|got|𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽}}
* {{Z|gn}}: {{W+|gn|japo}}
* {{Z|hi}}: {{W+|hi|बनाना}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|maken}}
* {{Z|he}}: {{W+|he|בנה|tr=banáh}}
* {{Z|ang}}: {{W-|ang|wyrċan}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|make}}
* {{Z|ga}}: {{W-|ga|déan}}
* {{Z|ist}}: {{W-|ist|fà}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|fare}}
* {{Z|is}}: {{W+|is|gera}}
* {{Z|ja}}: {{W+|ja|作る|tr=つくる, tsukuru}}, {{W+|ja|建設|cuda=建設する|tr=けんせつする, kensetsu suru}}
* {{Z|jra}}: {{W-|jra|ngă}}
* {{Z|xbr}}: {{W-|xbr|pandoi}}
* {{Z|kea}}: {{W-|kea|faze}}
* {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|fer}}
* {{Z|ko}}: {{W+|ko|만들다}}, {{W+|ko|하다}}, {{W+|ko|제작하다}}
* {{Z|kw}}: {{W-|kw|gul}}, {{W-|kw|gwul}}, {{W-|kw|gwruthyl}}
* {{Z|ltg}}: {{W-|ltg|gatavēt}}, {{W-|ltg|rūst}}, {{W-|ltg|taiseit}}
* {{Z|la}}: {{W+|la|facio}}, {{W+|la|ago}}, {{W+|la|struo}}
* {{Z|lv}}: {{W+|lv|darīt}}
* {{Z|liv}}: {{W-|liv|tīedõ}}
* {{Z|mhn}}: {{W-|mhn|mòchen}}
* {{Z|mk}}: {{W+|mk|прави|impf}}
* {{Z|mi}}: {{W-|mi|hanga}}
* {{Z|mrw}}: {{W-|mrw|ba'al}}
* {{Z|gun}}: {{W-|gun|japo}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|készít}}, {{W+|hu|csinál}}
* {{Z|egy}}: {{W-egy|jrj|h=ir}}
* {{Z|gld}}: {{W-|gld|анго-}}
* {{Z|nds}}:
*: {{Z|nds-de}}: {{W-|nds-de|maken}}
* {{Z|nrf}}: {{W-|nrf|faithe}}
* {{Z|pl}}: {{W+|pl|konstruować}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|fazer}}, {{W+|pt|construir}}
* {{Z|cop}}: {{W-|cop|ⲉⲓⲣⲉ|sc=Copt}}, {{W-|cop|ⲣⲁ|tr=ra}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W+|ro|face}}
* {{Z|ru}}: {{W+|ru|де́лать|impf}}, {{W+|ru|сде́лать|pf}}, {{W+|ru|изгота́вливать|impf}}, {{W+|ru|изготовля́ть|impf}}, {{W+|ru|изгото́вить|pf}}
* {{Z|scn}}: {{W+|scn|fari}}
* {{Z|csm}}: {{W-|csm|čý·l-}}
* {{Z|syl}}: {{W-|syl|ꠛꠣꠘꠣꠘꠤ}}, {{W-|syl|ꠢꠣꠎꠣ}}
* {{Z|sco}}: {{W-|sco|mak}}
* {{Z|sk}}: {{W+|sk|robiť}}
* {{Z|sl}}: {{W-|sl|narediti}}
* {{Z|so}}: {{W-|so|samayn}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|hacer}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|göra}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|yapmak}}
* {{Z|txb}}: {{W-|txb|yām-}}
* {{Z|ur}}: {{W-|ur|بنانا|tr=banānā|sc=ur-Arab}}
* {{Z|uk}}: {{W+|uk|роби́ти|impf|sc=Cyrl}}, {{W+|uk|зроби́ти|pf|sc=Cyrl}}, {{W-|uk|виготовля́ти|impf|sc=Cyrl}}, {{W-|uk|вигото́вити|pf|sc=Cyrl}}
* {{Z|vec}}: {{W+|vec|far}}
* {{Z|vi}}: {{W+|vi|làm}}
* {{Z|cy}}: {{W+|cy|gwneud}}
* {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|κατασκευάζω}}, {{W+|el|φτιάχνω}}
*: Kevn: {{W-|grc|ποιέω}}
{{werger-bin}}
:{{werger çavkanî|en|make|beş=Ev qismê Wergerê|oldid=75964801}}

=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|çêkirin|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[afirandin]], [[duristkirin]], [[sazkirin]], [[amadekirin]], [[pêkanîn]], [[encamdan]], [[hazirkirin]], [[tamîrkirin]]:
#: ''çêkirina xwarinê'' (hazirkirin, kelandin, biraştin...)
#: ''çêkirina xaniyan'' (avakirin)
#: ''çêkirina tiştekî nû'' (îcadkirin, keşkirin)
#: ''çêkirina dersên xwe'' (nivîsîn)

==== Bi zaravayên din ====
* Soranî: [[duristkirin]]
* Zazakî: [[viraştiş]]

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W-|de|Anfertigen|nt}}, {{W+|de|Anfertigung|m}}, {{W+|de|Fabrikation|m}}, {{W+|de|Herstellung|m}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|tekeminen}}
* {{Z|gl}}: {{W-|gl|feitura|m}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|making}}
* {{Z|la}}: {{W+|la|factūra|n}}
* {{Z|sa}}: {{W+|sa|कृति|m}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|etme}}, {{W+|tr|yapma}}
* Yûnanî:
*: Kevn: {{W-|grc|ποίησις|m}}
{{werger-bin}}

:{{werger çavkanî|en|making|beş=Ev qismê Wergerê|oldid=75964826}}</text>
      <sha1>2ve9hz3p94rzwkij4x0isaqot5268wt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>çîp</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>12355</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237703</id>
      <parentid>5932243</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-14T14:55:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>6237703</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1260" sha1="egl267s87lqpzogspyfkidz5owpw9by" xml:space="preserve">{{bnr-h|cip|cîp|çip}}

== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Navdêr 1 ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=n}}, {{ç-ya req}}, {{p-ya nerm}}
# {{f|ku|anatomî}} [[laq]], [[lûlaq]], [[qaç]], [[ling]] &lt;br&gt;(ji [[çok]]î ta [[gozek]]ê)
#* {{jêder|ku|jêgirtin=Li blûzê wê yê reş, zirav û honandî nihêrîbû, yê ku sîng û berê wê baş dida xuyakirin û ji navê de xwe bera ser '''çîpên''' wê yên bi tayteke reş pêçayî dida.|{{Jêgirtin/Mîran Janbar/Qolyeya Cecileê|r=105}}}}

==== Jê ====
* [[çîpî]]
* [[çîptazî]]

==== Etîmolojî ====
{{bêetîmolojî}}

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Unterschenkel|m}}, {{W+|de|Wade|m}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W-|fa|ران پا|guman=erê}}, {{W-|fa|ساق پا|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|sääri}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|calf}}, {{W+|en|shank}}, {{W+|en|shin|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|tibia|guman=erê}}, {{W-|en|shankpiece|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|shinbone|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|bacak}}, {{W+|tr|baldır}}, {{W+|tr|incik|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}

=== Navdêr 2 ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[qîj]], [[deng]]ê [[zirav]] û [[bilind]]
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}

==== Jê ====
* [[çîpe-çîp]]
* [[çîpîn]]

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>egl267s87lqpzogspyfkidz5owpw9by</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wîkîferheng:ceribandin</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>23016</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237722</id>
      <parentid>6237520</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-15T02:35:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>6237722</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="551" sha1="b1v98eucf4jjadyztfl6zky4tvcyngt" xml:space="preserve">: [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin]]

# [[Wîkîferheng:ceribandin#Gerguhêz|Gerguhêz]]
# [[Wîkîferheng:ceribandin#Negerguhêz|Negerguhêz]]

{{#invoke:ku-tewîn-nav|get_comma_separated_forms|heval|mê û nêr}}

{{#invoke:ku-tewandin/ceribandin|get_comma_separated_forms|niha=kev|borî=ket}}

=== dîtin ===
{{ku-tewandin/ceribandin|dîtin|form=gerguhêz|niha=bîn|borî=dît}}

=== çûn ===
{{ku-tewandin/ceribandin|çûn|form=negerguhêz|niha=ç|borî=çû}}

=== hatin ===
{{ku-tewandin|hatin|form=negerguhêz|niha=wer|niha2=ê|borî=hat}}</text>
      <sha1>b1v98eucf4jjadyztfl6zky4tvcyngt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>جيب</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>29974</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237704</id>
      <parentid>5902761</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-14T15:06:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* {{ziman|ku}} */</comment>
      <origin>6237704</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="731" sha1="3vwvzbss1etgdgw1tzq0wf7rg3e1n1q" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ku|sc=Arab|z=|tr=-}}
# {{ku-Latn|cîb}}

== {{ziman|arz}} ==

=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|arz|tr=gēb|z=n}}
# {{mijar|arz|cilûberg}} {{g|ku|berîk}}
#* {{bêmînak|arz}}

=== Çavkanî ===
{{rûpela wergerê|arz|berîk}}

== {{ziman|ary}} ==

=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ary|tr=jīb}}
# {{mijar|ary|cilûberg}} {{g|ku|berîk}}
#* {{bêmînak|ary}}

=== Çavkanî ===
{{rûpela wergerê|ary|berîk}}

== {{ziman|ar}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{deng|ar|LL-Q13955 (ara)-Fjmustak-جيب.wav|Deng|dever=}}

=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ar|z=}}
# [[berîk]], [[cêb]]
#* {{bêmînak|ar}}
# [[tûr]], [[tûrik]], [[çiwal]], [[torbe]], [[telîs]]
#* {{bêmînak|ar}}
# [[jîp]]
#* {{bêmînak|ar}}</text>
      <sha1>3vwvzbss1etgdgw1tzq0wf7rg3e1n1q</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>cêb</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>29975</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237698</id>
      <parentid>6237690</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-14T14:38:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Navdêr 1 */</comment>
      <origin>6237698</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1828" sha1="b3k8yw4lcdn745966hrzm75f2jg8nng" xml:space="preserve">{{bnr-h|ceb}}

== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Navdêr 1 ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|cêb|mê}}
[[Wêne:Trouser-parts ku.svg|thumb|Cêb an berîk.]]
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# Cihên li [[cil]]ê mirovî yê ku mirov dikare tiştan bike tê de.
#: {{hevmane|ku|berîk|gîrfan}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}

===== Jê =====
{{kol3|ku
| bêcêb
| bêcêbî
| bicêb
| bicêbî
| cêbdar
| cêbdarî
| cêbdarîtî
| cêbdartî
| cêbik
| cêbî
| cêbk
}}

===== Etîmolojî =====
Ji {{ji|ar|ku|جَيْب}}.

===== Werger =====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|sak}}
* {{Z|sq}}: {{W+|sq|xhep|m}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Tasche|f}}
* {{Z|br}}: {{W+|br|godell|f}}
* {{Z|ch}}: {{W-|ch|botsa}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|lomme}}
* {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|saku}}; {{W+|id|kantong}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W+|ar|جيب|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W-|eo|poŝo}}
* {{Z|fo}}: {{W-|fo|lummi}}, {{W-|fo|fikka}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|tasku}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|poche}}
* {{Z|fur}}: {{W-|fur|bûse}}
* {{Z|fy}}: {{W-|fy|bûse}}
* {{Z|ht}}: {{W-|ht|pòch}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|zak}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|pocket}}
* {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|butxaca}}
* {{Z|qu}}: {{W-|qu|uña}}
* {{Z|ms}}: {{W-|ms|saku}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|zseb}}
* {{Z|no}}: {{W+|no|lomme}}
* {{Z|oc}}: {{W+|oc|pòcha}}
* {{Z|pap}}: {{W-|pap|sacu}}
* {{Z|pl}}: {{W+|pl|kieszeń|f}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|bolso|m}}, {{W+|pt|algibeira}}, {{W+|pt|bolsa}}
* {{Z|rm}}: {{W-|rm|giaglioffa}}
* {{Z|rom}}: {{W-|rom|cêpa}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W+|ro|buzunar|n}}
* {{Z|nso}}: {{W-|nso|pôtla}}; {{W-|nso|sakana}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|bolsillo}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|ficka}}
* {{Z|tl}}: {{W-|tl|bulsá}}, {{W-|tl|bulsa}}
* {{Z|tt}}: {{W-|tt|kesä}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W-|tr|cep#Turc}}
* {{Z|tpi}}: {{W-|tpi|bak}}
* {{Z|vo}}: {{W+|vo|sakäd}}
{{werger-bin}}

=== Navdêr 2 ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{guherto|ku|jêp}}</text>
      <sha1>b3k8yw4lcdn745966hrzm75f2jg8nng</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237699</id>
      <parentid>6237698</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-14T14:51:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Navdêr 1 */</comment>
      <origin>6237699</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1872" sha1="8qtoniufiogf5ktgmvg0ofd4o6r0g7h" xml:space="preserve">{{bnr-h|ceb}}

== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Navdêr 1 ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|cêb|mê}}
[[Wêne:Trouser-parts ku.svg|thumb|Nîşandana '''cêbekê''' (an berîk) li ser pantolonekî.]]
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# Cihên li [[cil]]ê mirovî yê ku mirov dikare tiştan bike tê de.
#: {{hevmane|ku|berîk|gîrfan}}
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}

===== Jê =====
{{kol3|ku
| bêcêb
| bêcêbî
| bicêb
| bicêbî
| cêbdar
| cêbdarî
| cêbdarîtî
| cêbdartî
| cêbik
| cêbî
| cêbk
}}

===== Etîmolojî =====
Ji {{ji|ar|ku|جَيْب}}.

===== Werger =====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|af}}: {{W+|af|sak}}
* {{Z|sq}}: {{W+|sq|xhep|m}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Tasche|f}}
* {{Z|br}}: {{W+|br|godell|f}}
* {{Z|ch}}: {{W-|ch|botsa}}
* {{Z|da}}: {{W+|da|lomme}}
* {{Z|id}}: {{W+|id|saku}}; {{W+|id|kantong}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W+|ar|جيب|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|eo}}: {{W-|eo|poŝo}}
* {{Z|fo}}: {{W-|fo|lummi}}, {{W-|fo|fikka}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|tasku}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|poche}}
* {{Z|fur}}: {{W-|fur|bûse}}
* {{Z|fy}}: {{W-|fy|bûse}}
* {{Z|ht}}: {{W-|ht|pòch}}
* {{Z|nl}}: {{W+|nl|zak}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|pocket}}
* {{Z|ca}}: {{W+|ca|butxaca}}
* {{Z|qu}}: {{W-|qu|uña}}
* {{Z|ms}}: {{W-|ms|saku}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|zseb}}
* {{Z|no}}: {{W+|no|lomme}}
* {{Z|oc}}: {{W+|oc|pòcha}}
* {{Z|pap}}: {{W-|pap|sacu}}
* {{Z|pl}}: {{W+|pl|kieszeń|f}}
* {{Z|pt}}: {{W+|pt|bolso|m}}, {{W+|pt|algibeira}}, {{W+|pt|bolsa}}
* {{Z|rm}}: {{W-|rm|giaglioffa}}
* {{Z|rom}}: {{W-|rom|cêpa}}
* {{Z|ro}}: {{W+|ro|buzunar|n}}
* {{Z|nso}}: {{W-|nso|pôtla}}; {{W-|nso|sakana}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|bolsillo}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|ficka}}
* {{Z|tl}}: {{W-|tl|bulsá}}, {{W-|tl|bulsa}}
* {{Z|tt}}: {{W-|tt|kesä}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W-|tr|cep#Turc}}
* {{Z|tpi}}: {{W-|tpi|bak}}
* {{Z|vo}}: {{W+|vo|sakäd}}
{{werger-bin}}

=== Navdêr 2 ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{guherto|ku|jêp}}</text>
      <sha1>8qtoniufiogf5ktgmvg0ofd4o6r0g7h</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>gez</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34798</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237729</id>
      <parentid>6010246</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-15T04:45:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>6237729</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2393" sha1="gc6y83cqnjn0lcgq15kn9ftkgmq303h" xml:space="preserve">{{bnr-h|gêz}}

== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Navdêr 1 ===
# devlêkirin, bi diranan dv li lêvên xwe kir
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}

==== Bi alfabeyên din ====
* {{ku-ar|گه‌ز}}

==== Herwiha ====
* [[gaz]]

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W|de|Bissen|m}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W|ar|الذراع|guman=erê}}, {{W|ar|العجم|guman=erê}}, {{W|ar|العض|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W|fa|درخت گز|guman=erê}}, {{W|fa|گز|guman=erê}}, {{W|fa|نوعی گیاه|guman=erê}}, {{W|fa|نیش|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|cubit}}, {{W+|en|snap|guman=erê}}, {{W+|en|tamarisk|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|butcher's broom|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|cubitus|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|ell|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|fern|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|fern tree|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|pteridophyte|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|tree fern|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|summer cypress|guman=erê}}, {{W|en|nougat|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|ılgın}}, {{W+|tr|ısırık|guman=erê}}
{{werger-bin}}

=== Navdêr 2 ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[leq]], [[boç]], [[didan]] [[lêdan]], [[gezandin]], [[dan ber didanan]], bi diranan hûr-hûr kirin
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}

==== Jê ====
* {{mj|lêker}} [[gez kirin]]
* {{mj|navdêr}} [[gezkirin]]
* {{mj|rengdêr}} [[gezkirî]]
* [[gestin]]
* [[gezandin]]
* [[gezandî]]
* [[gezîner]]

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
{{werger-bin}}

=== Navdêr 3 ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=n}}
# [[doner]], [[kebab]]
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}

==== Etîmolojî ====
* {{ji|ira-pro||-}}:*'''gaz'''- (&quot;[[gezandin]], [[gestin]]; [[pê vedan]]&quot;)
:{{peo}}: '''gc'''- (&quot;[[pê vedan]]; [[gestin]], [[gezandin]]&quot;)
* {{Z|de}}: {{W|de|Biss}}
:{{xpr}}: '''gšt''' (&quot;[[gestin]], [[gezandin]]; [[pê vedan]]&quot;)
:{{fa}}: '''gazidan''' (&quot;[[gestin]], [[gezandin]]; [[pê vedan]]&quot;), gazā (&quot;ajelek [[pêveder]]&quot;)
:{{bal}}: '''gast''' (&quot;[[gestin]], [[gezandin]]&quot;) {{ir}}
:{{kmr}}: '''gestin''' (&quot;[[gezandin]], [[gestin]]&quot;)
:{{zza}}: '''gāz''' (&quot;[[gestin]], [[gezandin]]&quot;)

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
{{werger-bin}}

=== Çavkanî ===
* Têmûrê Xelîl: Peyvên kurdî û îranî di ermenî de'', rojnameya ''Kurmancî'', hj. 39, 2007)

== {{ziman|tr}} ==

=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|tr}}
# kirtika qemça tîrê ya ku dikeve ji yê kevanê
#* {{bêmînak|tr}}
# [[sihrik]], [[gezik]], [[gazik]], [[nîşangeh]]
#* {{bêmînak|tr}}
# [[gaz]]
#* {{bêmînak|tr}}
# [[şakul]]
#* {{bêmînak|tr}}</text>
      <sha1>gc6y83cqnjn0lcgq15kn9ftkgmq303h</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>cîp</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52940</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237700</id>
      <parentid>6210443</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-14T14:54:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>6237700</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1134" sha1="ap5gwtiuma8zsjx1onc3pf8kbar5cec" xml:space="preserve">{{bnr-h|cip|çip|çîp}}

== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Navdêr ===
[[Wêne:Mahindra.jpg|thumb|250px|cîpek]]
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# Hin [[tirimpêl]]ên mîna [[cemse]] û [[hummer]] û [[humvî|humviyan]] in û [[bi kêr hatin|bi kêrî]] [[meşîn]] li [[derve]]yî [[rê]]yan tên.
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}

==== Herwiha ====
* [[cêp]]
* [[jêp]]
* [[jîp]]

==== Têkildar ====
* [[cemse]]
* [[hummer]]
* [[humvî]]

==== Etîmolojî ====
Deyn ji {{deyn|en|ku|jeep}}.

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Jeep|m}}
* {{Z|cs}}: {{W-|cs|džíp|m}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W+|ar|جيب|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W-|fa|نوعی ماشین}}, {{W+|fa|جیپ}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|maastoauto}}, {{W+|fi|jeeppi}}, {{W+|fi|maasturi}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|jeep}}
* {{Z|he}}: {{W-|he|ג׳יפ}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|jeep}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|jeep}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|dzsip}}
* {{Z|ru}}: {{W+|ru|джип|m}}, {{W+|ru|внедорожник|m}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|jeep}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|jeep}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|cip}}, {{W+|tr|jip|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|τζιπ}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>ap5gwtiuma8zsjx1onc3pf8kbar5cec</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237705</id>
      <parentid>6237700</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-14T15:07:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Navdêr */</comment>
      <origin>6237705</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1128" sha1="kr98w0idivgcpfgrnsxbdsgyinn83tp" xml:space="preserve">{{bnr-h|cip|çip|çîp}}

== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-IPA}}
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Navdêr ===
[[Wêne:Mahindra.jpg|thumb|Cîpek]]
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# Hin [[tirimpêl]]ên mîna [[cemse]] û [[hummer]] û [[humvî|humviyan]] in û [[bi kêr hatin|bi kêrî]] [[meşîn]] li [[derve]]yî [[rê]]yan tên.
#* {{bêmînak|ku}}

==== Herwiha ====
* [[cêp]]
* [[jêp]]
* [[jîp]]

==== Têkildar ====
* [[cemse]]
* [[hummer]]
* [[humvî]]

==== Etîmolojî ====
Deyn ji {{deyn|en|ku|jeep}}.

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|de}}: {{W+|de|Jeep|m}}
* {{Z|cs}}: {{W-|cs|džíp|m}}
* {{Z|ar}}: {{W+|ar|جيب|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W-|fa|نوعی ماشین}}, {{W+|fa|جیپ}}
* {{Z|fi}}: {{W+|fi|maastoauto}}, {{W+|fi|jeeppi}}, {{W+|fi|maasturi}}
* {{Z|fr}}: {{W+|fr|jeep}}
* {{Z|he}}: {{W-|he|ג׳יפ}}
* {{Z|en}}: {{W+|en|jeep}}
* {{Z|it}}: {{W+|it|jeep}}
* {{Z|hu}}: {{W+|hu|dzsip}}
* {{Z|ru}}: {{W+|ru|джип|m}}, {{W+|ru|внедорожник|m}}
* {{Z|es}}: {{W+|es|jeep}}
* {{Z|sv}}: {{W+|sv|jeep}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|cip}}, {{W+|tr|jip|guman=erê}}
* {{Z|el}}: {{W+|el|τζιπ}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>kr98w0idivgcpfgrnsxbdsgyinn83tp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>cip</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>130469</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237701</id>
      <parentid>4608284</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-14T14:54:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>6237701</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="88" sha1="odgy8mfbko1ti5ick86431d0rldirj8" xml:space="preserve">{{bnr-h|cîp|çip|çîp}}

== {{ziman|tr}} ==

=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|tr}}
# [[cîb]]</text>
      <sha1>odgy8mfbko1ti5ick86431d0rldirj8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>gêz</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>179721</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237728</id>
      <parentid>5785470</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-15T04:43:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>6237728</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="271" sha1="7qou55yr446110k0fmem5m6ku0j02cx" xml:space="preserve">{{bnr-h|gez}}

== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=}}
# {{f|ku|dar}} Cureyekî daran e.
# {{f|ku|fêkî}} Fêkiyên vê darê.

==== Etîmolojî ====
{{bêetîmolojî}}

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|نوعی درخت}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>7qou55yr446110k0fmem5m6ku0j02cx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>orispîbûn</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>307003</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237706</id>
      <parentid>6147162</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-14T20:32:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-34921-97</username>
        <id>15054</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Werger: +gahrî : [[tozan]] (bi alîkarî)</comment>
      <origin>6237706</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="310" sha1="ar97entem1yud71l8ow0ayjngmq75ms" xml:space="preserve">{{bnr-l|orispî bûn}}

== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|orispîbûn|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{mane?|ku}}
#: {{mînak?|ku}}

==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{pêk|ku|orispî|bûn}}.

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|bfu}}: {{W|bfu|tozan}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>ar97entem1yud71l8ow0ayjngmq75ms</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237723</id>
      <parentid>6237706</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-15T02:51:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Guhartoya [[Special:Diff/6237706|6237706]] yê [[Special:Contributions/~2026-34921-97|~2026-34921-97]] ([[User talk:~2026-34921-97|gotûbêj]]) şûnde kir</comment>
      <origin>6237723</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="281" sha1="bk29nm0t3tdv3ne2sqg2haufm20beu9" xml:space="preserve">{{bnr-l|orispî bûn}}

== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Bilêvkirin ===
* {{ku-kîte}}

=== Navdêr ===
{{ku-tewîn-nav|orispîbûn|mê}}
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# {{mane?|ku}}
#: {{mînak?|ku}}

==== Etîmolojî ====
Ji {{pêk|ku|orispî|bûn}}.

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
{{werger-bin}}</text>
      <sha1>bk29nm0t3tdv3ne2sqg2haufm20beu9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>nof</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>540216</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237709</id>
      <parentid>5789979</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-14T22:22:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ferhengvan</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kurmancî */</comment>
      <origin>6237709</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="247" sha1="gpu8rfhgenlmke4srcssr84at69h3tu" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Mane ===
{{cure?|ku}}
# [[kom]], [[hrûp]], [[bir]], [[qefle]]

==== Etîmolojî ====
{{bêetîmolojî}}

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|فصل}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|bölüm}}
{{werger-bin}}
{{kontrol}}</text>
      <sha1>gpu8rfhgenlmke4srcssr84at69h3tu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237710</id>
      <parentid>6237709</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-14T22:23:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ferhengvan</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Navdêr */</comment>
      <origin>6237710</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="256" sha1="7u7hhqiherecxr9sqv6hy02wry7uk2u" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[kom]], [[hrûp]], [[bir]], [[qefle]]

==== Etîmolojî ====
{{bêetîmolojî}}

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|فصل}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|bölüm}}
{{werger-bin}}
{{kontrol}}</text>
      <sha1>7u7hhqiherecxr9sqv6hy02wry7uk2u</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237711</id>
      <parentid>6237710</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-14T22:23:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ferhengvan</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Navdêr */</comment>
      <origin>6237711</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="256" sha1="pfkj3dpm3saimyeoa8y59tw0bogc5n3" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[kom]], [[grûp]], [[bir]], [[qefle]]

==== Etîmolojî ====
{{bêetîmolojî}}

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|فصل}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|bölüm}}
{{werger-bin}}
{{kontrol}}</text>
      <sha1>pfkj3dpm3saimyeoa8y59tw0bogc5n3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237712</id>
      <parentid>6237711</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-14T22:23:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ferhengvan</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Werger */</comment>
      <origin>6237712</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="253" sha1="3nft5dway37ji1e1lg5byxyjms4op7e" xml:space="preserve">== {{ziman|ku}} ==

=== Navdêr ===
{{navdêr|ku|z=m}}
# [[kom]], [[grûp]], [[bir]], [[qefle]]

==== Etîmolojî ====
{{bêetîmolojî}}

==== Werger ====
{{werger-ser}}
* {{Z|fa}}: {{W+|fa|فصل}}
* {{Z|tr}}: {{W+|tr|grup}}
{{werger-bin}}
{{kontrol}}</text>
      <sha1>3nft5dway37ji1e1lg5byxyjms4op7e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Modul:ku-tewandin</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>628614</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237714</id>
      <parentid>6237527</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-15T02:02:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+</comment>
      <origin>6237714</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="46739" sha1="i6qnttl9jzyfrpect3y6g1y3k19hsf6" xml:space="preserve">-- Modula tewandina lêkerên kurmancî

local export = {}

-- Load irregular forms table
-- local irreg = require('Module:ku-tewandin/nestandard')
local langKu = require(&quot;Modul:languages&quot;).getByCode(&quot;ku&quot;)
local link = require('Module:links').language_link
local shallowCopy = require(&quot;Module:table/shallowCopy&quot;)
local deepCopy = require(&quot;Module:table/deepCopy&quot;)

local gsub = mw.ustring.gsub
local find = mw.ustring.find

-- =============================================================================
-- Pronouns in Kurmanji
-- =============================================================================
export.order = {&quot;s1&quot;, &quot;s2&quot;, &quot;s3&quot;, &quot;p1&quot;, &quot;p2&quot;, &quot;p3&quot;}

export.pronouns = {
    s1 = &quot;ez&quot;,    p1 = &quot;em&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;tu&quot;,    p2 = &quot;hûn&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;ew&quot;,    p3 = &quot;ew&quot;
}

export.obliquePronouns = {
    s1 = &quot;min&quot;,      p1 = &quot;me&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;te&quot;,       p2 = &quot;we&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;wê/wî&quot;,    p3 = &quot;wan&quot;
}

export.agents = {
    s1 = &quot;te, wî, wê, we, wan&quot;,            p1 = &quot;te, wî, wê, we, wan&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;min, wî, wê, me, wan&quot;,           p2 = &quot;min, wî, wê, me, wan&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;min, te, wî, wê, me, we, wan&quot;,   p3 = &quot;min, te, wî, wê, me, we, wan&quot;
}

-- Oblique pronoun (green) 
export.obliquePronounsGreen = {
    s1 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;min&lt;/span&gt;',
    s2 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;te&lt;/span&gt;',
    s3 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;wê/wî&lt;/span&gt;',
    p1 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;me&lt;/span&gt;',
    p2 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;we&lt;/span&gt;',
    p3 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;wan&lt;/span&gt;'
}

-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- 1) This function returns correct subject/agent pronoun, ergativity rule:
--   - Transitive verbs in past tenses → oblique pronoun (green) = agent
--   - All other cases                 → direct pronoun (no color) = subject
-- 2) Also add the subjunctive prefix &quot;(bila)&quot;
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
function export.conjPronouns(stemType, mode, isTransitive)
    local pronouns = shallowCopy(export.pronouns)

    -- Ergativity in kurdish: transitive verbs that are conjugated with the past tense stem are
    -- conjugated according to the object, not the subject.
    -- Therefore, to have an ergative construction,
    -- the verb must be transitive and its stem must be the stem of the past tense.
    local isErgative = isTransitive and (stemType == 'past')

    -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: &quot;min&quot;, &quot;te&quot;, ...
    -- If it's not ergative, we use normal pronouns: &quot;ez&quot;, &quot;tu&quot;, ...
    if isErgative then
        pronouns = shallowCopy(export.obliquePronounsGreen)
    end

    -- For the subjunctive mood, we add &quot;(bila)&quot; at the beginning.
    if mode == 'subjunctive' then
    	local subjPrefix = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(bila)&lt;/span&gt;'
        for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
            pronouns[pers] = subjPrefix .. ' ' .. pronouns[pers]
        end
    end
    return pronouns
end

-- =============================================================================
-- VERBAL STRUCTURE IN THE INFINITIVE:
-- Verbs in the infinitive appear in three main forms:
--  1) Simple verb (indivisible light verb):
--       - ex.:  &quot;kirin&quot;, &quot;çûn&quot;, &quot;xwarin&quot;, ...
--  2) Verbs with preverbs (preverb + simple verb):
--       - ex.: &quot;rakirin&quot; (ra- + kirin), &quot;çêkirin&quot; (çê- + kirin), &quot;vexwarin&quot; (ve- + xwarin), ...
--       - Preverb verbs don't use the prefix &quot;bi-&quot; (ez ê rakim , ew ê rake , ...)
--  3) Compound verbs, construction with non-verbal element (the noun is not attached to the verb):
--       - Left of the simple verb: &quot;hez kirin&quot; (&quot;hez&quot; + &quot;kirin&quot;), &quot;li dar xistin&quot; (&quot;li dar&quot; + &quot;xistin&quot;), ...
--       - Right of the simple verb: &quot;kirin der&quot; (&quot;kirin&quot; + &quot;der&quot;), &quot;girtin ser xwe&quot; (&quot;girtin&quot; + &quot;ser xwe&quot;), ...
--       - Compound verbs use the prefix &quot;bi-&quot; (ez ê hez bi-kim , ew ê hez bi-ke )

-- STRUCTURE:  preSimpleVerb + spacing + simpleVerb + postSimpleVerb
-- EX.     kirin: preSimpleVerb='';    spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--       rakirin: preSimpleVerb='ra';  spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--     hez kirin: preSimpleVerb='hez'; spacing=true;  simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--       pev çûn: preSimpleVerb='pev'; spacing=true;  simpleVerb='çûn';   postSimpleVerb=''
--     kirin der: preSimpleVerb='';    spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='der'

-- WARNING: Conjugation can vary depending on the type of verb.
-- For example, in the future tense,the prefix &quot;bi&quot; is used for compound verbs,
-- but not for preverbal verbs, see the function that manages it  &quot;tenseRules&quot; table.
-- This table does not yet support the mixed case: a verb composed of a noun and a preverb verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
    local struct

    if (preSimpleVerb and preSimpleVerb ~= '' and not isCompoundVerb) then
        struct = 'preverbVerb'
    elseif isCompoundVerb then
        struct = 'compoundVerb'
    else
        struct = 'simpleVerb'
    end

    return struct
end

-- ================================================================
-- INFLECTIONAL ENDINGS
-- Assigns verb inflectional endings (suffixes) to all tenses
-- ================================================================
local getEndings = {}

do
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ending using present stem
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['present'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends = {}
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends['std'] = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
            ends['rojhilatî'] = {s1='m', s2='(y)', s3='t', p1='yn', p2='n', p3='n'}
        else
            ends['std'] = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='e', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
			ends['rojhilatî'] = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='&lt;u&gt;it&lt;/u&gt;/ît', p1='în', p2='in', p3='in'}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ind. preterite + ind. imperfect ending
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['past'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
		local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiouû]$') then
            ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then
           -- if self.name == 'indImperfect' then
           --     -- special indicative ind. imperfect rule
           --     ends = {s1='yam', s2='yayî', s3='ya', p1='yan', p2='yan', p3='yan'}
           -- end
            ends = {s1='m', s2='', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        else
            ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Compound endings with auxiliary &quot;bûn&quot;
    -- Inflectional endings are created by taking the different forms of the
    -- verb &quot;bûn&quot; (with present stem &quot;-b-&quot; and past stem &quot;-bû-&quot;) and
    -- adding an &quot;i-&quot; prefix before them: &quot;i-b-im&quot;, &quot;i-bû-m&quot;, &quot;i-bû-me&quot;, &quot;i-bû-ma&quot;.
    -- This &quot;i-&quot; varies according to the final letter of the verb stem.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    local function normalize_i(stem)
        local prfx_i = &quot;i&quot;
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, &quot;ya$&quot;) or
           mw.ustring.match(stem, &quot;[îû]$&quot;) then -- cf. karîn (-karî-)
           	prfx_i = &quot;&quot;
        elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiou]$') then
            prfx_i = &quot;yi&quot;
        end
        return prfx_i
    end

    getEndings['ibim'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bim&quot;,   p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;be&quot;,    p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûm'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûm&quot;,     p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bû&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûme'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûme&quot;,      p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyiye&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûye&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûma'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûma&quot;,      p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyayî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûya&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;
        }
    end
    
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ind. perfect ending.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['ime'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends

        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;me&quot;, s2=&quot;yî&quot;, s3=&quot;ye&quot;, p1=&quot;ne&quot;, p2=&quot;ne&quot;, p3=&quot;ne&quot;}
        else
            ends = {s1=&quot;ime&quot;, s2=&quot;iyî&quot;, s3=&quot;iye&quot;, p1=&quot;ine&quot;, p2=&quot;ine&quot;, p3=&quot;ine&quot;}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Subj. Imperfect ending.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['ama'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends

        -- The doublet in &quot;-iyan&quot; of verbs in -&quot;în&quot; (gerîn/-geriya-, kenîn/-keniya-, ...),
        -- in the conditional and subjunctive moods, a doublet &quot;yaya&quot; appears; it's removed.
        -- -yayayî → -yayî; -yaya → -ya
		if mw.ustring.match(stem, '(ya)$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;ma&quot;, s2=&quot;yî&quot;, s3=&quot;&quot;, p1=&quot;na&quot;, p2=&quot;na&quot;, p3=&quot;na&quot;}
		elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;ma&quot;, s2=&quot;yayî&quot;, s3=&quot;ya&quot;, p1=&quot;na&quot;, p2=&quot;na&quot;, p3=&quot;na&quot;}
        else
            ends = {s1=&quot;ama&quot;, s2=&quot;ayî&quot;, s3=&quot;a&quot;, p1=&quot;ana&quot;, p2=&quot;ana&quot;, p3=&quot;ana&quot;}
        end
        return ends
    end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR PREVERBS: &quot;bi-&quot; and &quot;di-&quot;
-- There are two preverbs: &quot;bi-&quot; and &quot;di-&quot;. These preverbs can change form
-- depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getPreverb = {}

do
	getPreverb['bi'] = function (self, opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local verbStruct = opts.verbStruct
	    local overridePreverb = opts.overridePreverb
		local accent     = opts.accent

		-- Devoka rojhilatî:
		-- @Ferhengvan: Dema bêt bi lêkera alîkar &quot;ê / dê&quot; û bi rehê lêkerê yê
		-- dema niha û pêşgirên kesî tê çêkirin. Pêşgira &quot;bi-&quot; li destpêka lêkera
		-- serekî nîne: - ez ê / dê xw-im (standard: ez ê/dê bi-xw-im).
		if (self.name == 'indFuture' and accent == 'rojhilatî') then
			return ''
		end
	
	    -- Preverb verbs don't use the preverb &quot;bi-&quot;: ra-kirin (ez ê rakim), ve-xwarin (ez ê vexwim) , ...
	    -- But compound verb and simple verbs use it: hez kirin (ez ê hez bi-kim), lê bigirin (ez ê lê bi-girim), ...
	    if (verbStruct == 'preverbVerb') then
	        return ''
	    end
	
		-- If the preverb &quot;bi-&quot; is provided.
		if (self.stem == 'present' and overridePreverb.presentBi) then
			return overridePreverb.presentBi
		elseif (self.stem == 'past' and overridePreverb.pastBi) then
			return overridePreverb.pastBi
		elseif overridePreverb.sameBi then
			return overridePreverb.sameBi
		end
	
	    -- Modification of the preverbe &quot;bi-&quot; according to the last letter of the stem.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[aeêiîouû]') then
	        return 'b'
	    end
	
	    return 'bi'
	end

	getPreverb['di'] = function (self, opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local overridePreverb = opts.overridePreverb
	
		-- If the preverb &quot;di&quot; is provided.
		if (self.stem == 'present' and overridePreverb.presentDi) then
			return overridePreverb.presentDi
		elseif (self.stem == 'past' and overridePreverb.pastDi) then
			return overridePreverb.pastDi
		elseif overridePreverb.sameDi then
			return overridePreverb.sameDi
		end
	
	    -- Modification of the preverbe &quot;di-&quot; according to the last letter of the stem.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[ai]') then
	        return 'd'
	    end
	    -- Ex. hatin : stem = -ê- // ez têm
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[êî]') then
	        return 't'
	    end
	
	    return 'di'
	end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR NEGATION PREFIXES: &quot;na-&quot; and &quot;ne-&quot;
-- There are two negation prefixes: &quot;na-&quot; and &quot;ne-&quot;. These preverbs can change
-- form depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getNegPrefix = {}

do
	getNegPrefix['na'] = function (self, opts)
		-- self: reserved for future use
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local overrideNa = opts.overrideNegPrefix.presentNa
	
	    if overrideNa then return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNa .. '&lt;/b&gt;' end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] end
	
	    -- Add sufix &quot;-y&quot; before certain vowels.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;nay&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	    -- Elision before stems beginning with &quot;a-&quot; (removal of the final &quot;-e&quot;).
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;n&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    -- Tîpa duyem &quot;-a-&quot; ye (k-a-rîn, z-a-nîn, ...)
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^%wa') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;ni&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    return '&lt;b&gt;na&lt;/b&gt;'
	end

	getNegPrefix['ne'] = function (self, opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local tenseName = self.name
	    local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm -- form &quot;1&quot; or &quot;2&quot; of imp.
		local overrideNegPrefix = opts.overrideNegPrefix

        local negPrefix = 'ne'

		-- Bo neyînî: pêşgira &quot;di-&quot; tenê di nav dema &quot;indImperfect&quot; de tê bikaranîn.
		-- ji ber vê yekê 'negPrefix' hertim (?) 'ne' ye ji ber ku dikeve pêş 
		-- pêşgira &quot;di-&quot;: wê/wî ne-di-elimand (elimandin)
	    if (tenseName == 'indImperfect') then
	         return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end

		-- Override		
		if (overrideNegPrefix.impMe or overrideNegPrefix.presentNe
									or overrideNegPrefix.pastNe
				                    or overrideNegPrefix.sameNe) then
			-- Ovverride imp.
			if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then
				if (impNegForm == 1 and overrideNegPrefix.impMe) then
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNegPrefix.impMe .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
				elseif (impNegForm == 1 and overrideNegPrefix.presentNe and 
					find(overrideNegPrefix.presentNe, '^n')) then
					--For the &quot;me-&quot; form, we replace the &quot;n&quot; with an &quot;m&quot;.
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. gsub(overrideNegPrefix.presentNe, '^(.)', 'm') .. '&lt;/b&gt;'	
				elseif (impNegForm == 1 and overrideNegPrefix.sameNe and 
					find(overrideNegPrefix.sameNe, '^n')) then
					--For the &quot;me-&quot; form, we replace the &quot;n&quot; with an &quot;m&quot;.
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. gsub(overrideNegPrefix.sameNe, '^(.)', 'm') .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
				elseif (impNegForm == 2 and overrideNegPrefix.presentNe) then
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNegPrefix.presentNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
				elseif (impNegForm == 2 and overrideNegPrefix.sameNe) then
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNegPrefix.sameNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
				end
			else
				-- For other tenses besides the imperative
				if (self.stem == 'present' and overrideNegPrefix.presentNe) then
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNegPrefix.presentNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
			    elseif (self.stem == 'past' and overrideNegPrefix.pastNe) then
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNegPrefix.pastNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
				elseif overrideNegPrefix.sameNe then
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNegPrefix.sameNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
				end
			end
		end
	
	    -- There are two forms of construction of the imperative,
	    -- one with the prefix &quot;me-&quot; (1) and the other (2) with the prefix &quot;ne-&quot;.
	    if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then
	        negPrefix = (impNegForm == 2) and 'ne' or 'me'
	    end
		
	    -- Add sufix &quot;-y&quot; before certain vowels.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. 'y&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    -- Elision before stems beginning with &quot;a-&quot; (removal of the final &quot;-e&quot;).
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
	        negPrefix = mw.ustring.sub(negPrefix, 1, -2)
	        return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- Standardization of the PREVERBAL PARTICLE
-- The proverbial particle &quot;ê&quot; is placed after the personal pronoun.
-- =============================================================================
-- If there are no verbal preparticles, return empty table.
function export.getPreverbParticles(preverbParticle, typeStem, isTransitive)
    if not preverbParticle then
        return {s1='', s2='', s3='', p1='', p2='', p3=''}
    end

    if preverbParticle == 'ê' then
        local isErgative = isTransitive and (typeStem == 'past')

        -- When the personal pronoun ends in a vowel, a &quot;y-&quot; is added before &quot;ê&quot;.
        -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: &quot;min&quot;, &quot;te&quot;, ...
        if isErgative then
            return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='yê/dê', p1='yê/dê', p2='yê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
        else
            return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='ê/dê', p1='ê/dê', p2='ê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
        end
    end

    -- If the verbal preparticle is identical for all pronouns,
    -- we create a table with the same value.
    local preverbParticles = {}
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        preverbParticles[pers] = preverbParticle
    end

    return preverbParticles
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING EACH VERB TENSE
-- This table lists, for each verb tense, what elements are required to form it:
--   - Verb conjugation is built by placing either the preverb &quot;bi-&quot; or &quot;di-&quot; before
--     the verb stem (past or present), followed by a personal ending.
--   - For the negative form, one of the prefixes &quot;na-&quot; or &quot;ne-&quot; is added as well.
--   - In some cases, a preverbal particle such as /ê/ or /dê/ is added before
--     the conjugated verb as well.
-- Not: - The &quot;negPreverb&quot; (preverb (bi-/di-) for negative tenses) parameter has a
--         value different from &quot;nil&quot; only for the Imperfect tense (&quot;negPreverb=di&quot;).
--      - The parameter &quot;negPrefix=na&quot; is used only for the present indicative.
--
-- Preverb &quot;di&quot;, used in: &quot;indPresent&quot;(present stem), &quot;indImperfect&quot;(past stem)
--                        - Bo neyînî: pêşgira &quot;di-&quot; tenê di nav dema &quot;IndImperfect&quot; de tê bikaranîn.
-- Preverb &quot;bi&quot;, used in: &quot;indFuture&quot;(present stem), &quot;subPresent&quot;(present stem),
--                         &quot;subImperfect&quot;(past stem) = &quot;condPresent&quot;(past stem)
--                        - The prefix &quot;bi-&quot; isn't used in negative forms.
--
-- Present stem, used in: &quot;indPresent&quot;(di)(na),
--                        &quot;indFuture&quot;(bi)(ne) = &quot;subPresent&quot;(bi)(ne)
--
-- Past stem, used in: &quot;indPreterite&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indImperfect&quot;(di)(ne), &quot;indPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;indPerfect&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indNwPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indFuturePerfect&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;subPreterite&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;subImperfect&quot;(bi)(ne) = &quot;condPresent&quot;(bi)(ne),
--                     &quot;subPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne) = &quot;condPreterite&quot;(-)(ne)
-- =============================================================================
-- Some conjugations are identical except that they differ only in the preverbal particle (/ê/, /dê/).
-- So, to avoid repeating the same information (and thus risking errors),
-- we establish the common part shared between these verbs.
local sharedTenseRules = {
    indFuture = {
        stem         = &quot;present&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['bi'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['present']
    },

    indFuturePerfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibim']
    },

    subImperfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['bi'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ama']
    },

    subPluperfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûma']
    }
}

local mt = {
    __index = function(t, k)
        local commonRules = t._commonRules
        if commonRules then return commonRules[k] end
    end
}

-- TENSES CONJUGATION RULES
export.tenseRules = {
    -- IMPERATIVE MOOD
    impPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;impPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raweya fermanî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present imperative&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;imperative&quot;,
        _commonRules = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    -- INDICATIVE MOOD
    indPresent = {
        name         = &quot;indPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema niha&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;present&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['di'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['na'],
        endings      = getEndings['present'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indPreterite = {
        name         = &quot;indPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya sade&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;simple past&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['past'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indImperfect = {
        name         = &quot;indImperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya berdest&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;Imperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['di'],
        negPreverb   = getPreverb['di'],
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['past'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indPluperfect    = {
        name         = &quot;indPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûr&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;pluperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûm'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indFuture = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;indFuture&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema bê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;future&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    indFuturePerfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;indFuturePerfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dahatiya pêş&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;future perfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuturePerfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    -- In some books, the &quot;perfect&quot; and &quot;nonconfirmative pluperfect&quot; tenses
    -- are classified in the &quot;inferential mood&quot; (&quot;moda neşahidî&quot;).
    -- Currently we classify them using the indicative mood (at the end).
    indPerfect = {
        name         = &quot;indPerfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûdar&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;perfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ime'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indNwPluperfect = {
        name         = &quot;indNwPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;çîrokiya boriya dûdar&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;non-witnessed pluperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûme'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    -- SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
    subjPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema nihaya xwestekî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    subjPreterite = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema boriya xwestekî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;preterite subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuturePerfect,
        preverbParticle = nil,
    }, mt),

    subjImperfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjImperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya bilaniyê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;imperfect subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subImperfect,
        preverbParticle = nil,
    }, mt),

    subjPluperfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûr a bilaniyê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;pluperfect subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subPluperfect,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    -- CONDITIONAL MOOD
    condPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;condPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;çîrokiya dema nihaya mercî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present conditional&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;conditional&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subImperfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    condPreterite = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;condPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema boriya mercî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;preterite conditional&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;conditional&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subPluperfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

}

-- =============================================================================
-- MAIN CONJUGATION FUNCTOIN
-- This function returns an array containing the conjugation table for a given
-- tense as well as other information about the conjugated verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugate(opts)
    opts = opts or {}
    -- Required parameters
    local tense          = opts.tense or error(&quot;'tense' required&quot;, 2)
    --One of the two parameters is required:
    --  - If the tense uses the present stem, indicate &quot;presentStem&quot;.
    --  - If it uses the past stem, indicate &quot;pastStem&quot;.
    local presentStem    = opts.presentStem
    local pastStem       = opts.pastStem
    -- Optional parameters
    local isTransitive   = opts.isTransitive or false   -- Indicate if the verb is transitive (true/false)
    local isNegative     = opts.isNegative or false     -- Indicate if it's the negative form (true/false)
    local isCompoundVerb = opts.isCompoundVerb or false -- Indicate if it's a compound verb (true/false)
    local preSimpleVerb  = opts.preSimpleVerb or ''     -- The part before the simple verb
    local postSimpleVerb = opts.postSimpleVerb or ''    -- The part after the simple verb
    -- These parameters are provided when the verb is irregular.
    -- Allows you to manually modify preverbs (&quot;bi-&quot;&quot; or &quot;di-&quot;)
    -- and negation prefixes (&quot;na-&quot; or &quot;ne-&quot;)
	local overridePreverb = {
		-- Preverbs (bi-, di)
	    presentBi = opts.presentBi or nil,
	    presentDi = opts.presentDi or nil,
	    pastBi    = opts.pastBi or nil,
	    pastDi    = opts.pastDi or nil,
		-- Same preverbs (&quot;past&quot; and &quot;present&quot; stem)
	    sameBi     = opts.sameBi or nil,
	    sameDi     = opts.sameDi or nil,
	}
	local overrideNegPrefix = {
		-- Neg. prefix (na-, ne-)
	    presentNa  = opts.presentNa or nil,
	    presentNe  = opts.presentNe or nil,
	    pastNe     = opts.pastNe or nil,
		-- same neg. prefix (for past and present stem)
	    sameNe     = opts.sameNe or nil,
		impMe      = opts.impMe or nil,
	}
    -- By default, the negation of the imperative is constructed from the prefix &quot;me-&quot;&quot;.
    -- To obtain the second variant, the prefix with &quot;ne-&quot;, you must specify &quot;impNegForm=2&quot;.
    local impNegForm     = opts.impNegForm or 1
	-- Accent/ Devok
    local accent = opts.accent or 'std'
	
	-- If &quot;tags='na'&quot;, remove links/tags
	local tags = opts.tags or 'erê'
	-- If addPreverbParticles='na', remove preverb particles (ê/dê) before
	-- the conjugated verbs.
	local addPreverbParticles = opts.addPreverbParticles or 'erê'

	
	-- We add a space to the left of the &quot;postSimpleVerb&quot; because it shouldn't be attached
	-- to the simple verb.
	if (postSimpleVerb ~= '' and postSimpleVerb ~=nil) then
		postSimpleVerb = ' ' .. postSimpleVerb
	end

    -- Access to the classification table and retrieval of verb tense parameters
    local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy') or false

    -- We check that this tense is indeed in table &quot;tenseRules&quot;.
    if (not infoTense) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    -- We check that one of the two parameters of the stem is given
    if (infoTense.stem == 'present' and not presentStem) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;presentStem parameter required&lt;/span&gt;'
    elseif (infoTense.stem == 'past' and not pastStem) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;pasttStem parameter required&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    -- Choice between the present stem or past stem
    local stem = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStem or pastStem

    --────────────────────────────
    -- Conjugation construction --
    -- ───────────────────────────
    local preverb = ''
    local negPrefix = ''

	-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
    -- Lêkerin nestandard --
    -- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
	-- çûn
	if (stem == 'her' and pastStem == 'çû') then
		if tense == 'indPresent' then
			if isNegative then
				stem = 'r'
			else
				stem = 'er'
				overridePreverb.presentDi = 't'
			end
		elseif ({impPresent=true, indFuture=true, subjPresent=true})[tense] then
			overridePreverb.presentBi = ''
			if isNegative then
				stem = 'r'
			else
				stem = 'her'
			end
		end
	end

	-- hatin
	if (stem == 'wer'  and pastStem == 'hat') then
		if ({impPresent=true, indFuture=true, subjPresent=true})[tense] then
			if isNegative then
				stem = 'ê'
			else
				overridePreverb.presentBi = ''
				stem = 'wer'
			end
		elseif (tense == 'indPresent') then
			stem = 'ê'
		end
	end
	-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
	
    -- Ruturns the verb type: &quot;simpleVerb&quot; or &quot;preverbVerb&quot; or &quot;compoundVerb&quot;
    local verbStruct = export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)

    if isNegative then
        negPrefix = infoTense:negPrefix{stem=stem,
                                        impNegForm=impNegForm,
                                        overrideNegPrefix=overrideNegPrefix}
        if infoTense.negPreverb then
            preverb = infoTense:negPreverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
                                           overridePreverb=overridePreverb}
        end
    else
        if infoTense.preverb then
            preverb = infoTense:preverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
                                        overridePreverb=overridePreverb,
										accent=accent}
        end
    end

    infoTense.conj = {}
    local spacing = isCompoundVerb and ' ' or ''
    local endings = infoTense:endings(stem)
	
	-- 'rojhilatî' accent (devok) for present stem
	if (infoTense.stem == 'present') then
		if (accent == 'rojhilatî') then
			endings = endings['rojhilatî']
		else
			endings = endings['std']
		end

	end
	
    local preverbParticles = export.getPreverbParticles(
		infoTense.preverbParticle,
		infoTense.stem, isTransitive
	)
	
    local isErgative = isTransitive and (infoTense.stem == 'past')

    -- Creating the conjugation table for a given tense
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local ending
        local conjSimbleVerb
        local conjVerb

        if isErgative then
            ending = endings.s3
        else
            ending = endings[pers]
        end

        -- Adding space after the preverbal particle, and
		-- if &quot;addPreverbParticles='na'&quot;: remove preverb particles (ê/dê).
		local preverbParticle = ''
		if infoTense.preverbParticle and addPreverbParticles ~= 'na' then
	            preverbParticle = preverbParticles[pers] .. ' '
		end

        conjSimbleVerb = negPrefix  .. preverb .. stem .. ending
        -- Adding prefixe and suffixe
        conjVerb =  preSimpleVerb .. spacing .. conjSimbleVerb .. postSimpleVerb
        -- Spelling correction(îy -&gt; iy)
        conjVerb = gsub(conjVerb, 'îy', 'iy')
        -- Add a link / if tags='na' no links
		if tags ~= 'na' then
        	conjVerb = link{term=conjVerb, lang=langKu}
		end
        -- Addition of the preverbal particle
        infoTense.conj[pers] = preverbParticle .. conjVerb
    end

    -- Imperative
    if (infoTense.name == 'impPresent') then
        infoTense.conj.s1 = nil
        infoTense.conj.s2 = infoTense.conj.s3
        infoTense.conj.s3 = nil
        infoTense.conj.p1 = nil
        -- infoTense.conj.p2 = infoTense.conj.p2
        infoTense.conj.p3 = nil
    end

    return infoTense
end

-- =============================================================================
--                               END
-- =============================================================================
-- Some useful tools
-- =============================================================================
-- Returns the list of verb tenses
export.tensesList = function()
	local list = {}
    for _, tense in pairs(export.tenseRules) do
        table.insert(list, tense.name)
    end
	return list
end

-- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
-- (for a given conjugate tense in all persons of that tense)
function export.concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjVerbs)
    local concatTab = {}

    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local pronom = pronoms[pers] or &quot;&quot;
        local verbe  = conjVerbs[pers] or &quot;&quot;

        if pronom == &quot;&quot; then
            concatTab[pers] = verbe
        elseif verbe == &quot;&quot; then
            concatTab[pers] = pronom
        else
            concatTab[pers] = pronom .. &quot; &quot; .. verbe
        end
    end

    return concatTab
end

-- Remove duplicates
local function removeDuplicates(list)
	local seen = {}
	local result = {}
	
	for _, value in ipairs(list) do
		if not seen[value] then
			seen[value] = true
			table.insert(result, value)
		end
	end
	
	return result
end

-- =============================================================================
-- ADDITIONAL STEM OF THE PAST AND PRESENT (pastStem2, ... and presentStem2, ...)
-- This function does nothing more than add additional parameters for verb stems
-- in the past and present tenses.
-- Conjugations for the different stems will be separated by &quot;/&quot;
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems)
    local opts = deepCopy(baseOpts or {}, 'copy')
	opts.tense = tense
	opts.addPreverbParticles = 'na'
	
    presentStems = presentStems or {}
	pastStems = pastStems or {}
    
    local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy')
    if not infoTense then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;Unknown tense: ' .. tostring(tense) ..'&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    local stems = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStems or pastStems
	
    -- For each verb stem, its conjugation table is calculated and stored in conjTabs.
    local conjTabs = {}
    for i = 1, #stems do
		 local stem = stems[i]
        if stem then
            if (infoTense.stem == 'past') then
				opts.pastStem = stem
				
			elseif (infoTense.stem == 'present') then
				opts.presentStem = stem
				-- For the recognition of irregular verbs based on the past-stem part
				-- see: &quot;çûn&quot; û &quot;hatin&quot;
				opts.pastStem = pastStems[1]
			end

			-- The proverbs are added only for the first conjugation form: reading is easier.
			--if (i &gt; 1) then opts.addPreverbParticles = 'na' end

			local result = export.conjugate(opts)
			if result and result.conj then
				table.insert(conjTabs, result.conj)
			end
        end
    end

    -- We concatenate each row of the conjugation tables.
	local preverbParticles = deepCopy(export.getPreverbParticles(
		infoTense.preverbParticle, 
		infoTense.stem, 
		opts.isTransitive
	), 'copy')

    local concatConjTabs = {}
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local frag = {}
        for i = 1, #conjTabs do
            local val = conjTabs[i][pers]
            if val then
				table.insert(frag, tostring(val))
			end
        end
				
		frag = removeDuplicates(frag)
		if infoTense.preverbParticle then
	        concatConjTabs[pers] = preverbParticles[pers] .. ' '
								 .. table.concat(frag, ' — ')
		else
			concatConjTabs[pers] = table.concat(frag, ' — ')
		end
    end

    infoTense.conj = concatConjTabs
	
    return infoTense
end

-- ====================================================================================
--  VERB CONJUGATION IN ALL TENSES WITH OR WITHOUT PRONOUNS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, negation, concatPrs)
	-- &quot;concatPrs=false&quot; table without pronouns
	
    local opts = deepCopy(baseOpts or {}, 'copy')
    
    if negation == 'negative' then
		opts.isNegative = true
	end

    presentStems = presentStems or {}
    pastStems    = pastStems or {}

    -- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
	local concatPronomsVerbs = export.concatPronomsVerbs

    local tensesList = export.tensesList()

    -- Conjugation in all tenses
    local conjTab = {}

    for _, tense in ipairs(tensesList) do
        -- Conjugations without the pronouns
        local conjData = deepCopy(
            export.conjugateLong(opts, tense, presentStems, pastStems),
            'copy'
        )
		
        -- We concatenate the pronouns and the verbs if &quot;concatPrs&quot; is different of &quot;false&quot;
		-- No pronouns for the imperative mood
        if tense ~= 'impPresent' and concatPrs ~= false then
            local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy')
            
            local pronoms = deepCopy(
                export.conjPronouns(infoTense.stem, infoTense.mode, opts.isTransitive)
            )
            
            conjData.conj = concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjData.conj)
        end

        conjTab[tense] = conjData
    end
	
    return conjTab
end

-- ====================================================================================
-- Allows you to obtain a given conjugation from a model.
-- Ex. {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=s1}}
-- See {{ku-tewîn-lk-niha}}
-- ====================================================================================
function export.tew(frame)
   local args = frame:getParent().args

    local baseOpts = {
        isNegative     = frame.args['neyînî'] or false,
        isTransitive   = args['form'],
        isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = args['pêşgir'] or nil,
        postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil,
		-- overridePreverb:
		presentBi = frame['nihaBi'] or nil,
		presentDi = frame['nihaDi'] or nil,
		pastBi    = frame['borîBi'] or nil,
		pastDi    = frame['borîDi'] or nil,
		sameBi    = frame['bi'] or nil,
		sameDi    = frame['di'] or nil,
		-- overrideNegPrefix:
		presentNa  = frame['na'] or nil,
		presentNe  = frame['nihaNe'] or nil,
		pastNe     = frame['borîNe'] or nil,
		sameNe     = frame['ne'] or nil,
		impMe      = frame['me'] or nil,
		
        impNegForm     = 1,
		tags           = args['lînk'] or 'erê',
		accent         = args['devok'] or 'std',
    }
	
	local tense        = frame.args['dem'] or nil
	local pers         = frame.args['kes'] or nil
    local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
    local pastStems    = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}

    -- A few checks
    if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = true
    elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = false
    else
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
    else
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
    end

    if (baseOpts.isNegative == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isNegative = true
    end

	local tabConj = export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems).conj
	
    return tabConj[pers]
end

-- ====================================================================================
-- GET COMMMA SEPARED FORMS
-- Bnr. [[MediaWiki:Gadget-QQ.js]]
-- Ex. {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|get_comma_separated_forms|niha=kev|borî=ket}}
-- ====================================================================================
function export.get_comma_separated_forms(frame)
    local opts = {
        presentStem     = frame.args['niha'],
        pastStem        = frame.args['borî'],
        isTransitive    = false,
        isNegative      = false,
        isCompoundVerb  = frame['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb   = frame['pêşgir'] or '',
        postSimpleVerb  = frame['paşgir'] or '',
		-- overridePreverb:
		presentBi = frame['nihaBi'] or nil,
		presentDi = frame['nihaDi'] or nil,
		pastBi    = frame['borîBi'] or nil,
		pastDi    = frame['borîDi'] or nil,
		sameBi    = frame['bi'] or nil,
		sameDi    = frame['di'] or nil,
		-- overrideNegPrefix:
		presentNa  = frame['na'] or nil,
		presentNe  = frame['nihaNe'] or nil,
		pastNe     = frame['borîNe'] or nil,
		sameNe     = frame['ne'] or nil,
		impMe      = frame['me'] or nil,
		
        impNegForm     = 1,
		tags           = 'na', -- Remove links/tags
		addPreverbParticles = 'na' -- Remove preverb particles (ê/dê)
    }

   local function concateList(tenseList)
        local concatList = {}
        for _, pers in ipairs({&quot;s1&quot;, &quot;s2&quot;, &quot;s3&quot;, &quot;p1&quot;}) do
        	local tense = tenseList[pers]
            table.insert(concatList, tense)
        end

        return table.concat(concatList, &quot;,&quot;)
   end

   	local tenseList = {'indPresent','indPreterite','indImperfect',
                      'indPluperfect','indPerfect','indNwPluperfect',
                      'indFuture','indFuturePerfect',
                      'subjImperfect','subjPluperfect'
                    }
                    
    local concatAllTense = {}
    
    for  i = 1, #tenseList do
        local tense = tenseList[i]
        if export.tenseRules[tense] then
            opts.tense = tense
            local conj = shallowCopy(export.conjugate(opts).conj)
            local concatTense = concateList(conj)
            table.insert(concatAllTense, concatTense)
        end
    end
    
    return table.concat(concatAllTense, &quot;,&quot;)
end

return export</text>
      <sha1>i6qnttl9jzyfrpect3y6g1y3k19hsf6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237716</id>
      <parentid>6237714</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-15T02:10:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>nav</comment>
      <origin>6237716</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="46754" sha1="ckpv2iiw9xx976gbjy45kvq2bfq0y82" xml:space="preserve">-- Modula tewandina lêkerên kurmancî

local export = {}

-- Load irregular forms table
-- local irreg = require('Module:ku-tewandin/nestandard')
local langKu = require(&quot;Modul:languages&quot;).getByCode(&quot;ku&quot;)
local link = require('Module:links').language_link
local shallowCopy = require(&quot;Module:table/shallowCopy&quot;)
local deepCopy = require(&quot;Module:table/deepCopy&quot;)

local gsub = mw.ustring.gsub
local find = mw.ustring.find

-- =============================================================================
-- Pronouns in Kurmanji
-- =============================================================================
export.order = {&quot;s1&quot;, &quot;s2&quot;, &quot;s3&quot;, &quot;p1&quot;, &quot;p2&quot;, &quot;p3&quot;}

export.pronouns = {
    s1 = &quot;ez&quot;,    p1 = &quot;em&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;tu&quot;,    p2 = &quot;hûn&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;ew&quot;,    p3 = &quot;ew&quot;
}

export.obliquePronouns = {
    s1 = &quot;min&quot;,      p1 = &quot;me&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;te&quot;,       p2 = &quot;we&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;wê/wî&quot;,    p3 = &quot;wan&quot;
}

export.agents = {
    s1 = &quot;te, wî, wê, we, wan&quot;,            p1 = &quot;te, wî, wê, we, wan&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;min, wî, wê, me, wan&quot;,           p2 = &quot;min, wî, wê, me, wan&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;min, te, wî, wê, me, we, wan&quot;,   p3 = &quot;min, te, wî, wê, me, we, wan&quot;
}

-- Oblique pronoun (green) 
export.obliquePronounsGreen = {
    s1 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;min&lt;/span&gt;',
    s2 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;te&lt;/span&gt;',
    s3 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;wê/wî&lt;/span&gt;',
    p1 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;me&lt;/span&gt;',
    p2 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;we&lt;/span&gt;',
    p3 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;wan&lt;/span&gt;'
}

-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- 1) This function returns correct subject/agent pronoun, ergativity rule:
--   - Transitive verbs in past tenses → oblique pronoun (green) = agent
--   - All other cases                 → direct pronoun (no color) = subject
-- 2) Also add the subjunctive prefix &quot;(bila)&quot;
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
function export.conjPronouns(stemType, mode, isTransitive)
    local pronouns = shallowCopy(export.pronouns)

    -- Ergativity in kurdish: transitive verbs that are conjugated with the past tense stem are
    -- conjugated according to the object, not the subject.
    -- Therefore, to have an ergative construction,
    -- the verb must be transitive and its stem must be the stem of the past tense.
    local isErgative = isTransitive and (stemType == 'past')

    -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: &quot;min&quot;, &quot;te&quot;, ...
    -- If it's not ergative, we use normal pronouns: &quot;ez&quot;, &quot;tu&quot;, ...
    if isErgative then
        pronouns = shallowCopy(export.obliquePronounsGreen)
    end

    -- For the subjunctive mood, we add &quot;(bila)&quot; at the beginning.
    if mode == 'subjunctive' then
    	local subjPrefix = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(bila)&lt;/span&gt;'
        for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
            pronouns[pers] = subjPrefix .. ' ' .. pronouns[pers]
        end
    end
    return pronouns
end

-- =============================================================================
-- VERBAL STRUCTURE IN THE INFINITIVE:
-- Verbs in the infinitive appear in three main forms:
--  1) Simple verb (indivisible light verb):
--       - ex.:  &quot;kirin&quot;, &quot;çûn&quot;, &quot;xwarin&quot;, ...
--  2) Verbs with preverbs (preverb + simple verb):
--       - ex.: &quot;rakirin&quot; (ra- + kirin), &quot;çêkirin&quot; (çê- + kirin), &quot;vexwarin&quot; (ve- + xwarin), ...
--       - Preverb verbs don't use the prefix &quot;bi-&quot; (ez ê rakim , ew ê rake , ...)
--  3) Compound verbs, construction with non-verbal element (the noun is not attached to the verb):
--       - Left of the simple verb: &quot;hez kirin&quot; (&quot;hez&quot; + &quot;kirin&quot;), &quot;li dar xistin&quot; (&quot;li dar&quot; + &quot;xistin&quot;), ...
--       - Right of the simple verb: &quot;kirin der&quot; (&quot;kirin&quot; + &quot;der&quot;), &quot;girtin ser xwe&quot; (&quot;girtin&quot; + &quot;ser xwe&quot;), ...
--       - Compound verbs use the prefix &quot;bi-&quot; (ez ê hez bi-kim , ew ê hez bi-ke )

-- STRUCTURE:  preSimpleVerb + spacing + simpleVerb + postSimpleVerb
-- EX.     kirin: preSimpleVerb='';    spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--       rakirin: preSimpleVerb='ra';  spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--     hez kirin: preSimpleVerb='hez'; spacing=true;  simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--       pev çûn: preSimpleVerb='pev'; spacing=true;  simpleVerb='çûn';   postSimpleVerb=''
--     kirin der: preSimpleVerb='';    spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='der'

-- WARNING: Conjugation can vary depending on the type of verb.
-- For example, in the future tense,the prefix &quot;bi&quot; is used for compound verbs,
-- but not for preverbal verbs, see the function that manages it  &quot;tenseRules&quot; table.
-- This table does not yet support the mixed case: a verb composed of a noun and a preverb verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
    local struct

    if (preSimpleVerb and preSimpleVerb ~= '' and not isCompoundVerb) then
        struct = 'preverbVerb'
    elseif isCompoundVerb then
        struct = 'compoundVerb'
    else
        struct = 'simpleVerb'
    end

    return struct
end

-- ================================================================
-- INFLECTIONAL ENDINGS
-- Assigns verb inflectional endings (suffixes) to all tenses
-- ================================================================
local getEndings = {}

do
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ending using present stem
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['present'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends = {}
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends['std'] = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
            ends['rojhilatî'] = {s1='m', s2='(y)', s3='t', p1='yn', p2='n', p3='n'}
        else
            ends['std'] = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='e', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
			ends['rojhilatî'] = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='&lt;u&gt;it&lt;/u&gt;/ît', p1='în', p2='in', p3='in'}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ind. preterite + ind. imperfect ending
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['past'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
		local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiouû]$') then
            ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then
           -- if self.name == 'indImperfect' then
           --     -- special indicative ind. imperfect rule
           --     ends = {s1='yam', s2='yayî', s3='ya', p1='yan', p2='yan', p3='yan'}
           -- end
            ends = {s1='m', s2='', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        else
            ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Compound endings with auxiliary &quot;bûn&quot;
    -- Inflectional endings are created by taking the different forms of the
    -- verb &quot;bûn&quot; (with present stem &quot;-b-&quot; and past stem &quot;-bû-&quot;) and
    -- adding an &quot;i-&quot; prefix before them: &quot;i-b-im&quot;, &quot;i-bû-m&quot;, &quot;i-bû-me&quot;, &quot;i-bû-ma&quot;.
    -- This &quot;i-&quot; varies according to the final letter of the verb stem.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    local function normalize_i(stem)
        local prfx_i = &quot;i&quot;
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, &quot;ya$&quot;) or
           mw.ustring.match(stem, &quot;[îû]$&quot;) then -- cf. karîn (-karî-)
           	prfx_i = &quot;&quot;
        elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiou]$') then
            prfx_i = &quot;yi&quot;
        end
        return prfx_i
    end

    getEndings['ibim'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bim&quot;,   p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;be&quot;,    p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûm'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûm&quot;,     p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bû&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûme'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûme&quot;,      p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyiye&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûye&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûma'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûma&quot;,      p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyayî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûya&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;
        }
    end
    
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ind. perfect ending.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['ime'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends

        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;me&quot;, s2=&quot;yî&quot;, s3=&quot;ye&quot;, p1=&quot;ne&quot;, p2=&quot;ne&quot;, p3=&quot;ne&quot;}
        else
            ends = {s1=&quot;ime&quot;, s2=&quot;iyî&quot;, s3=&quot;iye&quot;, p1=&quot;ine&quot;, p2=&quot;ine&quot;, p3=&quot;ine&quot;}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Subj. Imperfect ending.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['ama'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends

        -- The doublet in &quot;-iyan&quot; of verbs in -&quot;în&quot; (gerîn/-geriya-, kenîn/-keniya-, ...),
        -- in the conditional and subjunctive moods, a doublet &quot;yaya&quot; appears; it's removed.
        -- -yayayî → -yayî; -yaya → -ya
		if mw.ustring.match(stem, '(ya)$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;ma&quot;, s2=&quot;yî&quot;, s3=&quot;&quot;, p1=&quot;na&quot;, p2=&quot;na&quot;, p3=&quot;na&quot;}
		elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;ma&quot;, s2=&quot;yayî&quot;, s3=&quot;ya&quot;, p1=&quot;na&quot;, p2=&quot;na&quot;, p3=&quot;na&quot;}
        else
            ends = {s1=&quot;ama&quot;, s2=&quot;ayî&quot;, s3=&quot;a&quot;, p1=&quot;ana&quot;, p2=&quot;ana&quot;, p3=&quot;ana&quot;}
        end
        return ends
    end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR PREVERBS: &quot;bi-&quot; and &quot;di-&quot;
-- There are two preverbs: &quot;bi-&quot; and &quot;di-&quot;. These preverbs can change form
-- depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getPreverb = {}

do
	getPreverb['bi'] = function (self, opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local verbStruct = opts.verbStruct
	    local overridePreverb = opts.overridePreverb
		local accent     = opts.accent

		-- Devoka rojhilatî:
		-- @Ferhengvan: Dema bêt bi lêkera alîkar &quot;ê / dê&quot; û bi rehê lêkerê yê
		-- dema niha û pêşgirên kesî tê çêkirin. Pêşgira &quot;bi-&quot; li destpêka lêkera
		-- serekî nîne: - ez ê / dê xw-im (standard: ez ê/dê bi-xw-im).
		if (self.name == 'indFuture' and accent == 'rojhilatî') then
			return ''
		end
	
	    -- Preverb verbs don't use the preverb &quot;bi-&quot;: ra-kirin (ez ê rakim), ve-xwarin (ez ê vexwim) , ...
	    -- But compound verb and simple verbs use it: hez kirin (ez ê hez bi-kim), lê bigirin (ez ê lê bi-girim), ...
	    if (verbStruct == 'preverbVerb') then
	        return ''
	    end
	
		-- If the preverb &quot;bi-&quot; is provided.
		if (self.stem == 'present' and overridePreverb.presentBi) then
			return overridePreverb.presentBi
		elseif (self.stem == 'past' and overridePreverb.pastBi) then
			return overridePreverb.pastBi
		elseif overridePreverb.sameBi then
			return overridePreverb.sameBi
		end
	
	    -- Modification of the preverbe &quot;bi-&quot; according to the last letter of the stem.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[aeêiîouû]') then
	        return 'b'
	    end
	
	    return 'bi'
	end

	getPreverb['di'] = function (self, opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local overridePreverb = opts.overridePreverb
	
		-- If the preverb &quot;di&quot; is provided.
		if (self.stem == 'present' and overridePreverb.presentDi) then
			return overridePreverb.presentDi
		elseif (self.stem == 'past' and overridePreverb.pastDi) then
			return overridePreverb.pastDi
		elseif overridePreverb.sameDi then
			return overridePreverb.sameDi
		end
	
	    -- Modification of the preverbe &quot;di-&quot; according to the last letter of the stem.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[ai]') then
	        return 'd'
	    end
	    -- Ex. hatin : stem = -ê- // ez têm
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[êî]') then
	        return 't'
	    end
	
	    return 'di'
	end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR NEGATION PREFIXES: &quot;na-&quot; and &quot;ne-&quot;
-- There are two negation prefixes: &quot;na-&quot; and &quot;ne-&quot;. These preverbs can change
-- form depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getNegPrefix = {}

do
	getNegPrefix['na'] = function (self, opts)
		-- self: reserved for future use
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local overrideNa = opts.overrideNegPrefix.presentNa
	
	    if overrideNa then return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNa .. '&lt;/b&gt;' end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] end
	
	    -- Add sufix &quot;-y&quot; before certain vowels.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;nay&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	    -- Elision before stems beginning with &quot;a-&quot; (removal of the final &quot;-e&quot;).
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;n&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    -- Tîpa duyem &quot;-a-&quot; ye (k-a-rîn, z-a-nîn, ...)
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^%wa') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;ni&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    return '&lt;b&gt;na&lt;/b&gt;'
	end

	getNegPrefix['ne'] = function (self, opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local tenseName = self.name
	    local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm -- form &quot;1&quot; or &quot;2&quot; of imp.
		local overrideNegPrefix = opts.overrideNegPrefix

        local negPrefix = 'ne'

		-- Bo neyînî: pêşgira &quot;di-&quot; tenê di nav dema &quot;indImperfect&quot; de tê bikaranîn.
		-- ji ber vê yekê 'negPrefix' hertim (?) 'ne' ye ji ber ku dikeve pêş 
		-- pêşgira &quot;di-&quot;: wê/wî ne-di-elimand (elimandin)
	    if (tenseName == 'indImperfect') then
	         return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end

		-- Override		
		if (overrideNegPrefix.impMe or overrideNegPrefix.presentNe
									or overrideNegPrefix.pastNe
				                    or overrideNegPrefix.sameNe) then
			-- Ovverride imp.
			if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then
				if (impNegForm == 1 and overrideNegPrefix.impMe) then
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNegPrefix.impMe .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
				elseif (impNegForm == 1 and overrideNegPrefix.presentNe and 
					find(overrideNegPrefix.presentNe, '^n')) then
					--For the &quot;me-&quot; form, we replace the &quot;n&quot; with an &quot;m&quot;.
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. gsub(overrideNegPrefix.presentNe, '^(.)', 'm') .. '&lt;/b&gt;'	
				elseif (impNegForm == 1 and overrideNegPrefix.sameNe and 
					find(overrideNegPrefix.sameNe, '^n')) then
					--For the &quot;me-&quot; form, we replace the &quot;n&quot; with an &quot;m&quot;.
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. gsub(overrideNegPrefix.sameNe, '^(.)', 'm') .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
				elseif (impNegForm == 2 and overrideNegPrefix.presentNe) then
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNegPrefix.presentNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
				elseif (impNegForm == 2 and overrideNegPrefix.sameNe) then
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNegPrefix.sameNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
				end
			else
				-- For other tenses besides the imperative
				if (self.stem == 'present' and overrideNegPrefix.presentNe) then
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNegPrefix.presentNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
			    elseif (self.stem == 'past' and overrideNegPrefix.pastNe) then
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNegPrefix.pastNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
				elseif overrideNegPrefix.sameNe then
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNegPrefix.sameNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
				end
			end
		end
	
	    -- There are two forms of construction of the imperative,
	    -- one with the prefix &quot;me-&quot; (1) and the other (2) with the prefix &quot;ne-&quot;.
	    if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then
	        negPrefix = (impNegForm == 2) and 'ne' or 'me'
	    end
		
	    -- Add sufix &quot;-y&quot; before certain vowels.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. 'y&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    -- Elision before stems beginning with &quot;a-&quot; (removal of the final &quot;-e&quot;).
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
	        negPrefix = mw.ustring.sub(negPrefix, 1, -2)
	        return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- Standardization of the PREVERBAL PARTICLE
-- The proverbial particle &quot;ê&quot; is placed after the personal pronoun.
-- =============================================================================
-- If there are no verbal preparticles, return empty table.
function export.getPreverbParticles(preverbParticle, typeStem, isTransitive)
    if not preverbParticle then
        return {s1='', s2='', s3='', p1='', p2='', p3=''}
    end

    if preverbParticle == 'ê' then
        local isErgative = isTransitive and (typeStem == 'past')

        -- When the personal pronoun ends in a vowel, a &quot;y-&quot; is added before &quot;ê&quot;.
        -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: &quot;min&quot;, &quot;te&quot;, ...
        if isErgative then
            return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='yê/dê', p1='yê/dê', p2='yê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
        else
            return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='ê/dê', p1='ê/dê', p2='ê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
        end
    end

    -- If the verbal preparticle is identical for all pronouns,
    -- we create a table with the same value.
    local preverbParticles = {}
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        preverbParticles[pers] = preverbParticle
    end

    return preverbParticles
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING EACH VERB TENSE
-- This table lists, for each verb tense, what elements are required to form it:
--   - Verb conjugation is built by placing either the preverb &quot;bi-&quot; or &quot;di-&quot; before
--     the verb stem (past or present), followed by a personal ending.
--   - For the negative form, one of the prefixes &quot;na-&quot; or &quot;ne-&quot; is added as well.
--   - In some cases, a preverbal particle such as /ê/ or /dê/ is added before
--     the conjugated verb as well.
-- Not: - The &quot;negPreverb&quot; (preverb (bi-/di-) for negative tenses) parameter has a
--         value different from &quot;nil&quot; only for the Imperfect tense (&quot;negPreverb=di&quot;).
--      - The parameter &quot;negPrefix=na&quot; is used only for the present indicative.
--
-- Preverb &quot;di&quot;, used in: &quot;indPresent&quot;(present stem), &quot;indImperfect&quot;(past stem)
--                        - Bo neyînî: pêşgira &quot;di-&quot; tenê di nav dema &quot;IndImperfect&quot; de tê bikaranîn.
-- Preverb &quot;bi&quot;, used in: &quot;indFuture&quot;(present stem), &quot;subPresent&quot;(present stem),
--                         &quot;subImperfect&quot;(past stem) = &quot;condPresent&quot;(past stem)
--                        - The prefix &quot;bi-&quot; isn't used in negative forms.
--
-- Present stem, used in: &quot;indPresent&quot;(di)(na),
--                        &quot;indFuture&quot;(bi)(ne) = &quot;subPresent&quot;(bi)(ne)
--
-- Past stem, used in: &quot;indPreterite&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indImperfect&quot;(di)(ne), &quot;indPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;indPerfect&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indNwPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indFuturePerfect&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;subPreterite&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;subImperfect&quot;(bi)(ne) = &quot;condPresent&quot;(bi)(ne),
--                     &quot;subPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne) = &quot;condPreterite&quot;(-)(ne)
-- =============================================================================
-- Some conjugations are identical except that they differ only in the preverbal particle (/ê/, /dê/).
-- So, to avoid repeating the same information (and thus risking errors),
-- we establish the common part shared between these verbs.
local sharedTenseRules = {
    indFuture = {
        stem         = &quot;present&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['bi'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['present']
    },

    indFuturePerfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibim']
    },

    subImperfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['bi'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ama']
    },

    subPluperfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûma']
    }
}

local mt = {
    __index = function(t, k)
        local commonRules = t._commonRules
        if commonRules then return commonRules[k] end
    end
}

-- TENSES CONJUGATION RULES
export.tenseRules = {
    -- IMPERATIVE MOOD
    impPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;impPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raweya fermanî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present imperative&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;imperative&quot;,
        _commonRules = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    -- INDICATIVE MOOD
    indPresent = {
        name         = &quot;indPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema niha&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;present&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['di'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['na'],
        endings      = getEndings['present'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indPreterite = {
        name         = &quot;indPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya sade&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;simple past&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['past'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indImperfect = {
        name         = &quot;indImperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya berdest&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;Imperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['di'],
        negPreverb   = getPreverb['di'],
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['past'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indPluperfect    = {
        name         = &quot;indPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûr&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;pluperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûm'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indFuture = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;indFuture&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema bê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;future&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    indFuturePerfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;indFuturePerfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dahatiya pêş&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;future perfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuturePerfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    -- In some books, the &quot;perfect&quot; and &quot;nonconfirmative pluperfect&quot; tenses
    -- are classified in the &quot;inferential mood&quot; (&quot;moda neşahidî&quot;).
    -- Currently we classify them using the indicative mood (at the end).
    indPerfect = {
        name         = &quot;indPerfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûdar&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;perfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ime'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indNwPluperfect = {
        name         = &quot;indNwPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;çîrokiya boriya dûdar&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;non-witnessed pluperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûme'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    -- SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
    subjPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema nihaya xwestekî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    subjPreterite = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema boriya xwestekî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;preterite subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuturePerfect,
        preverbParticle = nil,
    }, mt),

    subjImperfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjImperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya bilaniyê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;imperfect subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subImperfect,
        preverbParticle = nil,
    }, mt),

    subjPluperfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûr a bilaniyê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;pluperfect subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subPluperfect,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    -- CONDITIONAL MOOD
    condPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;condPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;çîrokiya dema nihaya mercî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present conditional&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;conditional&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subImperfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    condPreterite = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;condPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema boriya mercî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;preterite conditional&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;conditional&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subPluperfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

}

-- =============================================================================
-- MAIN CONJUGATION FUNCTOIN
-- This function returns an array containing the conjugation table for a given
-- tense as well as other information about the conjugated verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugate(opts)
    opts = opts or {}
    -- Required parameters
    local tense          = opts.tense or error(&quot;'tense' required&quot;, 2)
    --One of the two parameters is required:
    --  - If the tense uses the present stem, indicate &quot;presentStem&quot;.
    --  - If it uses the past stem, indicate &quot;pastStem&quot;.
    local presentStem    = opts.presentStem
    local pastStem       = opts.pastStem
    -- Optional parameters
    local isTransitive   = opts.isTransitive or false   -- Indicate if the verb is transitive (true/false)
    local isNegative     = opts.isNegative or false     -- Indicate if it's the negative form (true/false)
    local isCompoundVerb = opts.isCompoundVerb or false -- Indicate if it's a compound verb (true/false)
    local preSimpleVerb  = opts.preSimpleVerb or ''     -- The part before the simple verb
    local postSimpleVerb = opts.postSimpleVerb or ''    -- The part after the simple verb
    -- These parameters are provided when the verb is irregular.
    -- Allows you to manually modify preverbs (&quot;bi-&quot;&quot; or &quot;di-&quot;)
    -- and negation prefixes (&quot;na-&quot; or &quot;ne-&quot;)
	local overridePreverb = {
		-- Preverbs (bi-, di)
	    presentBi = opts.presentBi or nil,
	    presentDi = opts.presentDi or nil,
	    pastBi    = opts.pastBi or nil,
	    pastDi    = opts.pastDi or nil,
		-- Same preverbs (&quot;past&quot; and &quot;present&quot; stem)
	    sameBi     = opts.sameBi or nil,
	    sameDi     = opts.sameDi or nil,
	}
	local overrideNegPrefix = {
		-- Neg. prefix (na-, ne-)
	    presentNa  = opts.presentNa or nil,
	    presentNe  = opts.presentNe or nil,
	    pastNe     = opts.pastNe or nil,
		-- same neg. prefix (for past and present stem)
	    sameNe     = opts.sameNe or nil,
		impMe      = opts.impMe or nil,
	}
    -- By default, the negation of the imperative is constructed from the prefix &quot;me-&quot;&quot;.
    -- To obtain the second variant, the prefix with &quot;ne-&quot;, you must specify &quot;impNegForm=2&quot;.
    local impNegForm     = opts.impNegForm or 1
	-- Accent/ Devok
    local accent = opts.accent or 'std'
	
	-- If &quot;tags='na'&quot;, remove links/tags
	local tags = opts.tags or 'erê'
	-- If addPreverbParticles='na', remove preverb particles (ê/dê) before
	-- the conjugated verbs.
	local addPreverbParticles = opts.addPreverbParticles or 'erê'

	
	-- We add a space to the left of the &quot;postSimpleVerb&quot; because it shouldn't be attached
	-- to the simple verb.
	if (postSimpleVerb ~= '' and postSimpleVerb ~=nil) then
		postSimpleVerb = ' ' .. postSimpleVerb
	end

    -- Access to the classification table and retrieval of verb tense parameters
    local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy') or false

    -- We check that this tense is indeed in table &quot;tenseRules&quot;.
    if (not infoTense) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    -- We check that one of the two parameters of the stem is given
    if (infoTense.stem == 'present' and not presentStem) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;presentStem parameter required&lt;/span&gt;'
    elseif (infoTense.stem == 'past' and not pastStem) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;pasttStem parameter required&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    -- Choice between the present stem or past stem
    local stem = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStem or pastStem

    --────────────────────────────
    -- Conjugation construction --
    -- ───────────────────────────
    local preverb = ''
    local negPrefix = ''

	-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
    -- Lêkerin nestandard --
    -- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
	-- çûn
	if (stem == 'her' and pastStem == 'çû') then
		if tense == 'indPresent' then
			if isNegative then
				stem = 'r'
			else
				stem = 'er'
				overridePreverb.presentDi = 't'
			end
		elseif ({impPresent=true, indFuture=true, subjPresent=true})[tense] then
			overridePreverb.presentBi = ''
			if isNegative then
				stem = 'r'
			else
				stem = 'her'
			end
		end
	end

	-- hatin
	if (stem == 'wer'  and pastStem == 'hat') then
		if ({impPresent=true, indFuture=true, subjPresent=true})[tense] then
			if isNegative then
				stem = 'ê'
			else
				overridePreverb.presentBi = ''
				stem = 'wer'
			end
		elseif (tense == 'indPresent') then
			stem = 'ê'
		end
	end
	-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
	
    -- Ruturns the verb type: &quot;simpleVerb&quot; or &quot;preverbVerb&quot; or &quot;compoundVerb&quot;
    local verbStruct = export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)

    if isNegative then
        negPrefix = infoTense:negPrefix{stem=stem,
                                        impNegForm=impNegForm,
                                        overrideNegPrefix=overrideNegPrefix}
        if infoTense.negPreverb then
            preverb = infoTense:negPreverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
                                           overridePreverb=overridePreverb}
        end
    else
        if infoTense.preverb then
            preverb = infoTense:preverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
                                        overridePreverb=overridePreverb,
										accent=accent}
        end
    end

    infoTense.conj = {}
    local spacing = isCompoundVerb and ' ' or ''
    local endings = infoTense:endings(stem)
	
	-- 'rojhilatî' accent (devok) for present stem
	if (infoTense.stem == 'present') then
		if (accent == 'rojhilatî') then
			endings = endings['rojhilatî']
		else
			endings = endings['std']
		end

	end
	
    local preverbParticles = export.getPreverbParticles(
		infoTense.preverbParticle,
		infoTense.stem, isTransitive
	)
	
    local isErgative = isTransitive and (infoTense.stem == 'past')

    -- Creating the conjugation table for a given tense
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local ending
        local conjSimbleVerb
        local conjVerb

        if isErgative then
            ending = endings.s3
        else
            ending = endings[pers]
        end

        -- Adding space after the preverbal particle, and
		-- if &quot;addPreverbParticles='na'&quot;: remove preverb particles (ê/dê).
		local preverbParticle = ''
		if infoTense.preverbParticle and addPreverbParticles ~= 'na' then
	            preverbParticle = preverbParticles[pers] .. ' '
		end

        conjSimbleVerb = negPrefix  .. preverb .. stem .. ending
        -- Adding prefixe and suffixe
        conjVerb =  preSimpleVerb .. spacing .. conjSimbleVerb .. postSimpleVerb
        -- Spelling correction(îy -&gt; iy)
        conjVerb = gsub(conjVerb, 'îy', 'iy')
        -- Add a link / if tags='na' no links
		if tags ~= 'na' then
        	conjVerb = link{term=conjVerb, lang=langKu}
		end
        -- Addition of the preverbal particle
        infoTense.conj[pers] = preverbParticle .. conjVerb
    end

    -- Imperative
    if (infoTense.name == 'impPresent') then
        infoTense.conj.s1 = nil
        infoTense.conj.s2 = infoTense.conj.s3
        infoTense.conj.s3 = nil
        infoTense.conj.p1 = nil
        -- infoTense.conj.p2 = infoTense.conj.p2
        infoTense.conj.p3 = nil
    end

    return infoTense
end

-- =============================================================================
--                               END
-- =============================================================================
-- Some useful tools
-- =============================================================================
-- Returns the list of verb tenses
export.tensesList = function()
	local list = {}
    for _, tense in pairs(export.tenseRules) do
        table.insert(list, tense.name)
    end
	return list
end

-- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
-- (for a given conjugate tense in all persons of that tense)
function export.concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjVerbs)
    local concatTab = {}

    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local pronom = pronoms[pers] or &quot;&quot;
        local verbe  = conjVerbs[pers] or &quot;&quot;

        if pronom == &quot;&quot; then
            concatTab[pers] = verbe
        elseif verbe == &quot;&quot; then
            concatTab[pers] = pronom
        else
            concatTab[pers] = pronom .. &quot; &quot; .. verbe
        end
    end

    return concatTab
end

-- Remove duplicates
local function removeDuplicates(list)
	local seen = {}
	local result = {}
	
	for _, value in ipairs(list) do
		if not seen[value] then
			seen[value] = true
			table.insert(result, value)
		end
	end
	
	return result
end

-- =============================================================================
-- ADDITIONAL STEM OF THE PAST AND PRESENT (pastStem2, ... and presentStem2, ...)
-- This function does nothing more than add additional parameters for verb stems
-- in the past and present tenses.
-- Conjugations for the different stems will be separated by &quot;/&quot;
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugateMultiStem(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems)
    local opts = deepCopy(baseOpts or {}, 'copy')
	opts.tense = tense
	opts.addPreverbParticles = 'na'
	
    presentStems = presentStems or {}
	pastStems = pastStems or {}
    
    local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy')
    if not infoTense then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;Unknown tense: ' .. tostring(tense) ..'&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    local stems = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStems or pastStems
	
    -- For each verb stem, its conjugation table is calculated and stored in conjTabs.
    local conjTabs = {}
    for i = 1, #stems do
		 local stem = stems[i]
        if stem then
            if (infoTense.stem == 'past') then
				opts.pastStem = stem
				
			elseif (infoTense.stem == 'present') then
				opts.presentStem = stem
				-- For the recognition of irregular verbs based on the past-stem part
				-- see: &quot;çûn&quot; û &quot;hatin&quot;
				opts.pastStem = pastStems[1]
			end

			-- The proverbs are added only for the first conjugation form: reading is easier.
			--if (i &gt; 1) then opts.addPreverbParticles = 'na' end

			local result = export.conjugate(opts)
			if result and result.conj then
				table.insert(conjTabs, result.conj)
			end
        end
    end

    -- We concatenate each row of the conjugation tables.
	local preverbParticles = deepCopy(export.getPreverbParticles(
		infoTense.preverbParticle, 
		infoTense.stem, 
		opts.isTransitive
	), 'copy')

    local concatConjTabs = {}
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local frag = {}
        for i = 1, #conjTabs do
            local val = conjTabs[i][pers]
            if val then
				table.insert(frag, tostring(val))
			end
        end
				
		frag = removeDuplicates(frag)
		if infoTense.preverbParticle then
	        concatConjTabs[pers] = preverbParticles[pers] .. ' '
								 .. table.concat(frag, ' — ')
		else
			concatConjTabs[pers] = table.concat(frag, ' — ')
		end
    end

    infoTense.conj = concatConjTabs
	
    return infoTense
end

-- ====================================================================================
--  VERB CONJUGATION IN ALL TENSES WITH OR WITHOUT PRONOUNS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, negation, concatPrs)
	-- &quot;concatPrs=false&quot; table without pronouns
	
    local opts = deepCopy(baseOpts or {}, 'copy')
    
    if negation == 'negative' then
		opts.isNegative = true
	end

    presentStems = presentStems or {}
    pastStems    = pastStems or {}

    -- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
	local concatPronomsVerbs = export.concatPronomsVerbs

    local tensesList = export.tensesList()

    -- Conjugation in all tenses
    local conjTab = {}

    for _, tense in ipairs(tensesList) do
        -- Conjugations without the pronouns
        local conjData = deepCopy(
            export.conjugateMultiStem(opts, tense, presentStems, pastStems),
            'copy'
        )
		
        -- We concatenate the pronouns and the verbs if &quot;concatPrs&quot; is different of &quot;false&quot;
		-- No pronouns for the imperative mood
        if tense ~= 'impPresent' and concatPrs ~= false then
            local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy')
            
            local pronoms = deepCopy(
                export.conjPronouns(infoTense.stem, infoTense.mode, opts.isTransitive)
            )
            
            conjData.conj = concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjData.conj)
        end

        conjTab[tense] = conjData
    end
	
    return conjTab
end

-- ====================================================================================
-- Allows you to obtain a given conjugation from a model.
-- Ex. {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=s1}}
-- See {{ku-tewîn-lk-niha}}
-- ====================================================================================
function export.tew(frame)
   local args = frame:getParent().args

    local baseOpts = {
        isNegative     = frame.args['neyînî'] or false,
        isTransitive   = args['form'],
        isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = args['pêşgir'] or nil,
        postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil,
		-- overridePreverb:
		presentBi = frame['nihaBi'] or nil,
		presentDi = frame['nihaDi'] or nil,
		pastBi    = frame['borîBi'] or nil,
		pastDi    = frame['borîDi'] or nil,
		sameBi    = frame['bi'] or nil,
		sameDi    = frame['di'] or nil,
		-- overrideNegPrefix:
		presentNa  = frame['na'] or nil,
		presentNe  = frame['nihaNe'] or nil,
		pastNe     = frame['borîNe'] or nil,
		sameNe     = frame['ne'] or nil,
		impMe      = frame['me'] or nil,
		
        impNegForm     = 1,
		tags           = args['lînk'] or 'erê',
		accent         = args['devok'] or 'std',
    }
	
	local tense        = frame.args['dem'] or nil
	local pers         = frame.args['kes'] or nil
    local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
    local pastStems    = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}

    -- A few checks
    if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = true
    elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = false
    else
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
    else
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
    end

    if (baseOpts.isNegative == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isNegative = true
    end

	local tabConj = export.conjugateMultiStem(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems).conj
	
    return tabConj[pers]
end

-- ====================================================================================
-- GET COMMMA SEPARED FORMS
-- Bnr. [[MediaWiki:Gadget-QQ.js]]
-- Ex. {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|get_comma_separated_forms|niha=kev|borî=ket}}
-- ====================================================================================
function export.get_comma_separated_forms(frame)
    local opts = {
        presentStem     = frame.args['niha'],
        pastStem        = frame.args['borî'],
        isTransitive    = false,
        isNegative      = false,
        isCompoundVerb  = frame['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb   = frame['pêşgir'] or '',
        postSimpleVerb  = frame['paşgir'] or '',
		-- overridePreverb:
		presentBi = frame['nihaBi'] or nil,
		presentDi = frame['nihaDi'] or nil,
		pastBi    = frame['borîBi'] or nil,
		pastDi    = frame['borîDi'] or nil,
		sameBi    = frame['bi'] or nil,
		sameDi    = frame['di'] or nil,
		-- overrideNegPrefix:
		presentNa  = frame['na'] or nil,
		presentNe  = frame['nihaNe'] or nil,
		pastNe     = frame['borîNe'] or nil,
		sameNe     = frame['ne'] or nil,
		impMe      = frame['me'] or nil,
		
        impNegForm     = 1,
		tags           = 'na', -- Remove links/tags
		addPreverbParticles = 'na' -- Remove preverb particles (ê/dê)
    }

   local function concateList(tenseList)
        local concatList = {}
        for _, pers in ipairs({&quot;s1&quot;, &quot;s2&quot;, &quot;s3&quot;, &quot;p1&quot;}) do
        	local tense = tenseList[pers]
            table.insert(concatList, tense)
        end

        return table.concat(concatList, &quot;,&quot;)
   end

   	local tenseList = {'indPresent','indPreterite','indImperfect',
                      'indPluperfect','indPerfect','indNwPluperfect',
                      'indFuture','indFuturePerfect',
                      'subjImperfect','subjPluperfect'
                    }
                    
    local concatAllTense = {}
    
    for  i = 1, #tenseList do
        local tense = tenseList[i]
        if export.tenseRules[tense] then
            opts.tense = tense
            local conj = shallowCopy(export.conjugate(opts).conj)
            local concatTense = concateList(conj)
            table.insert(concatAllTense, concatTense)
        end
    end
    
    return table.concat(concatAllTense, &quot;,&quot;)
end

return export</text>
      <sha1>ckpv2iiw9xx976gbjy45kvq2bfq0y82</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237718</id>
      <parentid>6237716</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-15T02:14:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>6237718</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="46611" sha1="1q29dc6lte916kee86l6hfn43jg1mc2" xml:space="preserve">-- Modula tewandina lêkerên kurmancî

local export = {}

-- Load irregular forms table
-- local irreg = require('Module:ku-tewandin/nestandard')
local langKu = require(&quot;Modul:languages&quot;).getByCode(&quot;ku&quot;)
local link = require('Module:links').language_link
local shallowCopy = require(&quot;Module:table/shallowCopy&quot;)
local deepCopy = require(&quot;Module:table/deepCopy&quot;)

local gsub = mw.ustring.gsub
local find = mw.ustring.find

-- =============================================================================
-- Pronouns in Kurmanji
-- =============================================================================
export.order = {&quot;s1&quot;, &quot;s2&quot;, &quot;s3&quot;, &quot;p1&quot;, &quot;p2&quot;, &quot;p3&quot;}

export.pronouns = {
    s1 = &quot;ez&quot;,    p1 = &quot;em&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;tu&quot;,    p2 = &quot;hûn&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;ew&quot;,    p3 = &quot;ew&quot;
}

export.obliquePronouns = {
    s1 = &quot;min&quot;,      p1 = &quot;me&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;te&quot;,       p2 = &quot;we&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;wê/wî&quot;,    p3 = &quot;wan&quot;
}

export.agents = {
    s1 = &quot;te, wî, wê, we, wan&quot;,            p1 = &quot;te, wî, wê, we, wan&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;min, wî, wê, me, wan&quot;,           p2 = &quot;min, wî, wê, me, wan&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;min, te, wî, wê, me, we, wan&quot;,   p3 = &quot;min, te, wî, wê, me, we, wan&quot;
}

-- Oblique pronoun (green) 
export.obliquePronounsGreen = {
    s1 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;min&lt;/span&gt;',
    s2 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;te&lt;/span&gt;',
    s3 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;wê/wî&lt;/span&gt;',
    p1 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;me&lt;/span&gt;',
    p2 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;we&lt;/span&gt;',
    p3 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;wan&lt;/span&gt;'
}

-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- 1) This function returns correct subject/agent pronoun, ergativity rule:
--   - Transitive verbs in past tenses → oblique pronoun (green) = agent
--   - All other cases                 → direct pronoun (no color) = subject
-- 2) Also add the subjunctive prefix &quot;(bila)&quot;
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
function export.conjPronouns(stemType, mode, isTransitive)
    local pronouns = shallowCopy(export.pronouns)

    -- Ergativity in kurdish: transitive verbs that are conjugated with the past tense stem are
    -- conjugated according to the object, not the subject.
    -- Therefore, to have an ergative construction,
    -- the verb must be transitive and its stem must be the stem of the past tense.
    local isErgative = isTransitive and (stemType == 'past')

    -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: &quot;min&quot;, &quot;te&quot;, ...
    -- If it's not ergative, we use normal pronouns: &quot;ez&quot;, &quot;tu&quot;, ...
    if isErgative then
        pronouns = shallowCopy(export.obliquePronounsGreen)
    end

    -- For the subjunctive mood, we add &quot;(bila)&quot; at the beginning.
    if mode == 'subjunctive' then
    	local subjPrefix = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(bila)&lt;/span&gt;'
        for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
            pronouns[pers] = subjPrefix .. ' ' .. pronouns[pers]
        end
    end
    return pronouns
end

-- =============================================================================
-- VERBAL STRUCTURE IN THE INFINITIVE:
-- Verbs in the infinitive appear in three main forms:
--  1) Simple verb (indivisible light verb):
--       - ex.:  &quot;kirin&quot;, &quot;çûn&quot;, &quot;xwarin&quot;, ...
--  2) Verbs with preverbs (preverb + simple verb):
--       - ex.: &quot;rakirin&quot; (ra- + kirin), &quot;çêkirin&quot; (çê- + kirin), &quot;vexwarin&quot; (ve- + xwarin), ...
--       - Preverb verbs don't use the prefix &quot;bi-&quot; (ez ê rakim , ew ê rake , ...)
--  3) Compound verbs, construction with non-verbal element (the noun is not attached to the verb):
--       - Left of the simple verb: &quot;hez kirin&quot; (&quot;hez&quot; + &quot;kirin&quot;), &quot;li dar xistin&quot; (&quot;li dar&quot; + &quot;xistin&quot;), ...
--       - Right of the simple verb: &quot;kirin der&quot; (&quot;kirin&quot; + &quot;der&quot;), &quot;girtin ser xwe&quot; (&quot;girtin&quot; + &quot;ser xwe&quot;), ...
--       - Compound verbs use the prefix &quot;bi-&quot; (ez ê hez bi-kim , ew ê hez bi-ke )

-- STRUCTURE:  preSimpleVerb + spacing + simpleVerb + postSimpleVerb
-- EX.     kirin: preSimpleVerb='';    spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--       rakirin: preSimpleVerb='ra';  spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--     hez kirin: preSimpleVerb='hez'; spacing=true;  simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--       pev çûn: preSimpleVerb='pev'; spacing=true;  simpleVerb='çûn';   postSimpleVerb=''
--     kirin der: preSimpleVerb='';    spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='der'

-- WARNING: Conjugation can vary depending on the type of verb.
-- For example, in the future tense,the prefix &quot;bi&quot; is used for compound verbs,
-- but not for preverbal verbs, see the function that manages it  &quot;tenseRules&quot; table.
-- This table does not yet support the mixed case: a verb composed of a noun and a preverb verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
    local struct

    if (preSimpleVerb and preSimpleVerb ~= '' and not isCompoundVerb) then
        struct = 'preverbVerb'
    elseif isCompoundVerb then
        struct = 'compoundVerb'
    else
        struct = 'simpleVerb'
    end

    return struct
end

-- ================================================================
-- INFLECTIONAL ENDINGS
-- Assigns verb inflectional endings (suffixes) to all tenses
-- ================================================================
local getEndings = {}

do
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ending using present stem
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['present'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends = {}
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends['std'] = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
            ends['rojhilatî'] = {s1='m', s2='(y)', s3='t', p1='yn', p2='n', p3='n'}
        else
            ends['std'] = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='e', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
			ends['rojhilatî'] = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='&lt;u&gt;it&lt;/u&gt;/ît', p1='în', p2='in', p3='in'}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ind. preterite + ind. imperfect ending
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['past'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
		local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiouû]$') then
            ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then
           -- if self.name == 'indImperfect' then
           --     -- special indicative ind. imperfect rule
           --     ends = {s1='yam', s2='yayî', s3='ya', p1='yan', p2='yan', p3='yan'}
           -- end
            ends = {s1='m', s2='', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        else
            ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Compound endings with auxiliary &quot;bûn&quot;
    -- Inflectional endings are created by taking the different forms of the
    -- verb &quot;bûn&quot; (with present stem &quot;-b-&quot; and past stem &quot;-bû-&quot;) and
    -- adding an &quot;i-&quot; prefix before them: &quot;i-b-im&quot;, &quot;i-bû-m&quot;, &quot;i-bû-me&quot;, &quot;i-bû-ma&quot;.
    -- This &quot;i-&quot; varies according to the final letter of the verb stem.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    local function normalize_i(stem)
        local prfx_i = &quot;i&quot;
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, &quot;ya$&quot;) or
           mw.ustring.match(stem, &quot;[îû]$&quot;) then -- cf. karîn (-karî-)
           	prfx_i = &quot;&quot;
        elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiou]$') then
            prfx_i = &quot;yi&quot;
        end
        return prfx_i
    end

    getEndings['ibim'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bim&quot;,   p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;be&quot;,    p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûm'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûm&quot;,     p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bû&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûme'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûme&quot;,      p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyiye&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûye&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûma'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûma&quot;,      p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyayî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûya&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;
        }
    end
    
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ind. perfect ending.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['ime'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends

        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;me&quot;, s2=&quot;yî&quot;, s3=&quot;ye&quot;, p1=&quot;ne&quot;, p2=&quot;ne&quot;, p3=&quot;ne&quot;}
        else
            ends = {s1=&quot;ime&quot;, s2=&quot;iyî&quot;, s3=&quot;iye&quot;, p1=&quot;ine&quot;, p2=&quot;ine&quot;, p3=&quot;ine&quot;}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Subj. Imperfect ending.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['ama'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends

        -- The doublet in &quot;-iyan&quot; of verbs in -&quot;în&quot; (gerîn/-geriya-, kenîn/-keniya-, ...),
        -- in the conditional and subjunctive moods, a doublet &quot;yaya&quot; appears; it's removed.
        -- -yayayî → -yayî; -yaya → -ya
		if mw.ustring.match(stem, '(ya)$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;ma&quot;, s2=&quot;yî&quot;, s3=&quot;&quot;, p1=&quot;na&quot;, p2=&quot;na&quot;, p3=&quot;na&quot;}
		elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;ma&quot;, s2=&quot;yayî&quot;, s3=&quot;ya&quot;, p1=&quot;na&quot;, p2=&quot;na&quot;, p3=&quot;na&quot;}
        else
            ends = {s1=&quot;ama&quot;, s2=&quot;ayî&quot;, s3=&quot;a&quot;, p1=&quot;ana&quot;, p2=&quot;ana&quot;, p3=&quot;ana&quot;}
        end
        return ends
    end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR PREVERBS: &quot;bi-&quot; and &quot;di-&quot;
-- There are two preverbs: &quot;bi-&quot; and &quot;di-&quot;. These preverbs can change form
-- depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getPreverb = {}

do
	getPreverb['bi'] = function (self, opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local verbStruct = opts.verbStruct
	    local overridePreverb = opts.overridePreverb
		local accent     = opts.accent

		-- Devoka rojhilatî:
		-- @Ferhengvan: Dema bêt bi lêkera alîkar &quot;ê / dê&quot; û bi rehê lêkerê yê
		-- dema niha û pêşgirên kesî tê çêkirin. Pêşgira &quot;bi-&quot; li destpêka lêkera
		-- serekî nîne: - ez ê / dê xw-im (standard: ez ê/dê bi-xw-im).
		if (self.name == 'indFuture' and accent == 'rojhilatî') then
			return ''
		end
	
	    -- Preverb verbs don't use the preverb &quot;bi-&quot;: ra-kirin (ez ê rakim), ve-xwarin (ez ê vexwim) , ...
	    -- But compound verb and simple verbs use it: hez kirin (ez ê hez bi-kim), lê bigirin (ez ê lê bi-girim), ...
	    if (verbStruct == 'preverbVerb') then
	        return ''
	    end
	
		-- If the preverb &quot;bi-&quot; is provided.
		if (self.stem == 'present' and overridePreverb.presentBi) then
			return overridePreverb.presentBi
		elseif (self.stem == 'past' and overridePreverb.pastBi) then
			return overridePreverb.pastBi
		elseif overridePreverb.sameBi then
			return overridePreverb.sameBi
		end
	
	    -- Modification of the preverbe &quot;bi-&quot; according to the last letter of the stem.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[aeêiîouû]') then
	        return 'b'
	    end
	
	    return 'bi'
	end

	getPreverb['di'] = function (self, opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local overridePreverb = opts.overridePreverb
	
		-- If the preverb &quot;di&quot; is provided.
		if (self.stem == 'present' and overridePreverb.presentDi) then
			return overridePreverb.presentDi
		elseif (self.stem == 'past' and overridePreverb.pastDi) then
			return overridePreverb.pastDi
		elseif overridePreverb.sameDi then
			return overridePreverb.sameDi
		end
	
	    -- Modification of the preverbe &quot;di-&quot; according to the last letter of the stem.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[ai]') then
	        return 'd'
	    end
	    -- Ex. hatin : stem = -ê- // ez têm
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[êî]') then
	        return 't'
	    end
	
	    return 'di'
	end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR NEGATION PREFIXES: &quot;na-&quot; and &quot;ne-&quot;
-- There are two negation prefixes: &quot;na-&quot; and &quot;ne-&quot;. These preverbs can change
-- form depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getNegPrefix = {}

do
	getNegPrefix['na'] = function (self, opts)
		-- self: reserved for future use
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local overrideNa = opts.overrideNegPrefix.presentNa
	
	    if overrideNa then return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNa .. '&lt;/b&gt;' end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] end
	
	    -- Add sufix &quot;-y&quot; before certain vowels.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;nay&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	    -- Elision before stems beginning with &quot;a-&quot; (removal of the final &quot;-e&quot;).
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;n&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    -- Tîpa duyem &quot;-a-&quot; ye (k-a-rîn, z-a-nîn, ...)
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^%wa') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;ni&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    return '&lt;b&gt;na&lt;/b&gt;'
	end

	getNegPrefix['ne'] = function (self, opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local tenseName = self.name
	    local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm -- form &quot;1&quot; or &quot;2&quot; of imp.
		local overrideNegPrefix = opts.overrideNegPrefix

        local negPrefix = 'ne'

		-- Bo neyînî: pêşgira &quot;di-&quot; tenê di nav dema &quot;indImperfect&quot; de tê bikaranîn.
		-- ji ber vê yekê 'negPrefix' hertim (?) 'ne' ye ji ber ku dikeve pêş 
		-- pêşgira &quot;di-&quot;: wê/wî ne-di-elimand (elimandin)
	    if (tenseName == 'indImperfect') then
	         return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end

		-- Override		
		if (overrideNegPrefix.impMe or overrideNegPrefix.presentNe
									or overrideNegPrefix.pastNe
				                    or overrideNegPrefix.sameNe) then
			-- Ovverride imp.
			if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then
				if (impNegForm == 1 and overrideNegPrefix.impMe) then
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNegPrefix.impMe .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
				elseif (impNegForm == 1 and overrideNegPrefix.presentNe and 
					find(overrideNegPrefix.presentNe, '^n')) then
					--For the &quot;me-&quot; form, we replace the &quot;n&quot; with an &quot;m&quot;.
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. gsub(overrideNegPrefix.presentNe, '^(.)', 'm') .. '&lt;/b&gt;'	
				elseif (impNegForm == 1 and overrideNegPrefix.sameNe and 
					find(overrideNegPrefix.sameNe, '^n')) then
					--For the &quot;me-&quot; form, we replace the &quot;n&quot; with an &quot;m&quot;.
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. gsub(overrideNegPrefix.sameNe, '^(.)', 'm') .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
				elseif (impNegForm == 2 and overrideNegPrefix.presentNe) then
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNegPrefix.presentNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
				elseif (impNegForm == 2 and overrideNegPrefix.sameNe) then
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNegPrefix.sameNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
				end
			else
				-- For other tenses besides the imperative
				if (self.stem == 'present' and overrideNegPrefix.presentNe) then
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNegPrefix.presentNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
			    elseif (self.stem == 'past' and overrideNegPrefix.pastNe) then
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNegPrefix.pastNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
				elseif overrideNegPrefix.sameNe then
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNegPrefix.sameNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
				end
			end
		end
	
	    -- There are two forms of construction of the imperative,
	    -- one with the prefix &quot;me-&quot; (1) and the other (2) with the prefix &quot;ne-&quot;.
	    if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then
	        negPrefix = (impNegForm == 2) and 'ne' or 'me'
	    end
		
	    -- Add sufix &quot;-y&quot; before certain vowels.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. 'y&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    -- Elision before stems beginning with &quot;a-&quot; (removal of the final &quot;-e&quot;).
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
	        negPrefix = mw.ustring.sub(negPrefix, 1, -2)
	        return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- Standardization of the PREVERBAL PARTICLE
-- The proverbial particle &quot;ê&quot; is placed after the personal pronoun.
-- =============================================================================
-- If there are no verbal preparticles, return empty table.
function export.getPreverbParticles(preverbParticle, typeStem, isTransitive)
    if not preverbParticle then
        return {s1='', s2='', s3='', p1='', p2='', p3=''}
    end

    if preverbParticle == 'ê' then
        local isErgative = isTransitive and (typeStem == 'past')

        -- When the personal pronoun ends in a vowel, a &quot;y-&quot; is added before &quot;ê&quot;.
        -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: &quot;min&quot;, &quot;te&quot;, ...
        if isErgative then
            return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='yê/dê', p1='yê/dê', p2='yê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
        else
            return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='ê/dê', p1='ê/dê', p2='ê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
        end
    end

    -- If the verbal preparticle is identical for all pronouns,
    -- we create a table with the same value.
    local preverbParticles = {}
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        preverbParticles[pers] = preverbParticle
    end

    return preverbParticles
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING EACH VERB TENSE
-- This table lists, for each verb tense, what elements are required to form it:
--   - Verb conjugation is built by placing either the preverb &quot;bi-&quot; or &quot;di-&quot; before
--     the verb stem (past or present), followed by a personal ending.
--   - For the negative form, one of the prefixes &quot;na-&quot; or &quot;ne-&quot; is added as well.
--   - In some cases, a preverbal particle such as /ê/ or /dê/ is added before
--     the conjugated verb as well.
-- Not: - The &quot;negPreverb&quot; (preverb (bi-/di-) for negative tenses) parameter has a
--         value different from &quot;nil&quot; only for the Imperfect tense (&quot;negPreverb=di&quot;).
--      - The parameter &quot;negPrefix=na&quot; is used only for the present indicative.
--
-- Preverb &quot;di&quot;, used in: &quot;indPresent&quot;(present stem), &quot;indImperfect&quot;(past stem)
--                        - Bo neyînî: pêşgira &quot;di-&quot; tenê di nav dema &quot;IndImperfect&quot; de tê bikaranîn.
-- Preverb &quot;bi&quot;, used in: &quot;indFuture&quot;(present stem), &quot;subPresent&quot;(present stem),
--                         &quot;subImperfect&quot;(past stem) = &quot;condPresent&quot;(past stem)
--                        - The prefix &quot;bi-&quot; isn't used in negative forms.
--
-- Present stem, used in: &quot;indPresent&quot;(di)(na),
--                        &quot;indFuture&quot;(bi)(ne) = &quot;subPresent&quot;(bi)(ne)
--
-- Past stem, used in: &quot;indPreterite&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indImperfect&quot;(di)(ne), &quot;indPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;indPerfect&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indNwPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indFuturePerfect&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;subPreterite&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;subImperfect&quot;(bi)(ne) = &quot;condPresent&quot;(bi)(ne),
--                     &quot;subPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne) = &quot;condPreterite&quot;(-)(ne)
-- =============================================================================
-- Some conjugations are identical except that they differ only in the preverbal particle (/ê/, /dê/).
-- So, to avoid repeating the same information (and thus risking errors),
-- we establish the common part shared between these verbs.
local sharedTenseRules = {
    indFuture = {
        stem         = &quot;present&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['bi'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['present']
    },

    indFuturePerfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibim']
    },

    subImperfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['bi'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ama']
    },

    subPluperfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûma']
    }
}

local mt = {
    __index = function(t, k)
        local commonRules = t._commonRules
        if commonRules then return commonRules[k] end
    end
}

-- TENSES CONJUGATION RULES
export.tenseRules = {
    -- IMPERATIVE MOOD
    impPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;impPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raweya fermanî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present imperative&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;imperative&quot;,
        _commonRules = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    -- INDICATIVE MOOD
    indPresent = {
        name         = &quot;indPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema niha&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;present&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['di'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['na'],
        endings      = getEndings['present'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indPreterite = {
        name         = &quot;indPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya sade&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;simple past&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['past'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indImperfect = {
        name         = &quot;indImperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya berdest&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;Imperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['di'],
        negPreverb   = getPreverb['di'],
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['past'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indPluperfect    = {
        name         = &quot;indPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûr&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;pluperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûm'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indFuture = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;indFuture&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema bê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;future&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    indFuturePerfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;indFuturePerfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dahatiya pêş&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;future perfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuturePerfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    -- In some books, the &quot;perfect&quot; and &quot;nonconfirmative pluperfect&quot; tenses
    -- are classified in the &quot;inferential mood&quot; (&quot;moda neşahidî&quot;).
    -- Currently we classify them using the indicative mood (at the end).
    indPerfect = {
        name         = &quot;indPerfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûdar&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;perfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ime'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indNwPluperfect = {
        name         = &quot;indNwPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;çîrokiya boriya dûdar&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;non-witnessed pluperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûme'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    -- SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
    subjPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema nihaya xwestekî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    subjPreterite = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema boriya xwestekî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;preterite subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuturePerfect,
        preverbParticle = nil,
    }, mt),

    subjImperfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjImperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya bilaniyê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;imperfect subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subImperfect,
        preverbParticle = nil,
    }, mt),

    subjPluperfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûr a bilaniyê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;pluperfect subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subPluperfect,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    -- CONDITIONAL MOOD
    condPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;condPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;çîrokiya dema nihaya mercî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present conditional&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;conditional&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subImperfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    condPreterite = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;condPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema boriya mercî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;preterite conditional&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;conditional&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subPluperfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

}

-- =============================================================================
-- MAIN CONJUGATION FUNCTOIN
-- This function returns an array containing the conjugation table for a given
-- tense as well as other information about the conjugated verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugate(opts)
    opts = opts or {}
    -- Required parameters
    local tense          = opts.tense or error(&quot;'tense' required&quot;, 2)
    --One of the two parameters is required:
    --  - If the tense uses the present stem, indicate &quot;presentStem&quot;.
    --  - If it uses the past stem, indicate &quot;pastStem&quot;.
    local presentStem    = opts.presentStem
    local pastStem       = opts.pastStem
    -- Optional parameters
    local isTransitive   = opts.isTransitive or false   -- Indicate if the verb is transitive (true/false)
    local isNegative     = opts.isNegative or false     -- Indicate if it's the negative form (true/false)
    local isCompoundVerb = opts.isCompoundVerb or false -- Indicate if it's a compound verb (true/false)
    local preSimpleVerb  = opts.preSimpleVerb or ''     -- The part before the simple verb
    local postSimpleVerb = opts.postSimpleVerb or ''    -- The part after the simple verb
    -- These parameters are provided when the verb is irregular.
    -- Allows you to manually modify preverbs (&quot;bi-&quot;&quot; or &quot;di-&quot;)
    -- and negation prefixes (&quot;na-&quot; or &quot;ne-&quot;)
	local overridePreverb = {
		-- Preverbs (bi-, di)
	    presentBi = opts.presentBi or nil,
	    presentDi = opts.presentDi or nil,
	    pastBi    = opts.pastBi or nil,
	    pastDi    = opts.pastDi or nil,
		-- Same preverbs (&quot;past&quot; and &quot;present&quot; stem)
	    sameBi     = opts.sameBi or nil,
	    sameDi     = opts.sameDi or nil,
	}
	local overrideNegPrefix = {
		-- Neg. prefix (na-, ne-)
	    presentNa  = opts.presentNa or nil,
	    presentNe  = opts.presentNe or nil,
	    pastNe     = opts.pastNe or nil,
		-- same neg. prefix (for past and present stem)
	    sameNe     = opts.sameNe or nil,
		impMe      = opts.impMe or nil,
	}
    -- By default, the negation of the imperative is constructed from the prefix &quot;me-&quot;&quot;.
    -- To obtain the second variant, the prefix with &quot;ne-&quot;, you must specify &quot;impNegForm=2&quot;.
    local impNegForm     = opts.impNegForm or 1
	-- Accent/ Devok
    local accent = opts.accent or 'std'
	
	-- If &quot;tags='na'&quot;, remove links/tags
	local tags = opts.tags or 'erê'
	-- If addPreverbParticles='na', remove preverb particles (ê/dê) before
	-- the conjugated verbs.
	local addPreverbParticles = opts.addPreverbParticles or 'erê'

	
	-- We add a space to the left of the &quot;postSimpleVerb&quot; because it shouldn't be attached
	-- to the simple verb.
	if (postSimpleVerb ~= '' and postSimpleVerb ~=nil) then
		postSimpleVerb = ' ' .. postSimpleVerb
	end

    -- Access to the classification table and retrieval of verb tense parameters
    local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy') or false

    -- We check that this tense is indeed in table &quot;tenseRules&quot;.
    if (not infoTense) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    -- We check that one of the two parameters of the stem is given
    if (infoTense.stem == 'present' and not presentStem) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;presentStem parameter required&lt;/span&gt;'
    elseif (infoTense.stem == 'past' and not pastStem) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;pasttStem parameter required&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    -- Choice between the present stem or past stem
    local stem = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStem or pastStem

    --────────────────────────────
    -- Conjugation construction --
    -- ───────────────────────────
    local preverb = ''
    local negPrefix = ''

	-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
    -- Lêkerin nestandard --
    -- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
	-- çûn
	if (stem == 'her' and pastStem == 'çû') then
		if tense == 'indPresent' then
			if isNegative then
				stem = 'r'
			else
				stem = 'er'
				overridePreverb.presentDi = 't'
			end
		elseif ({impPresent=true, indFuture=true, subjPresent=true})[tense] then
			overridePreverb.presentBi = ''
			if isNegative then
				stem = 'r'
			else
				stem = 'her'
			end
		end
	end

	-- hatin
	if (stem == 'wer'  and pastStem == 'hat') then
		if ({impPresent=true, indFuture=true, subjPresent=true})[tense] then
			if isNegative then
				stem = 'ê'
			else
				overridePreverb.presentBi = ''
				stem = 'wer'
			end
		elseif (tense == 'indPresent') then
			stem = 'ê'
		end
	end
	-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
	
    -- Ruturns the verb type: &quot;simpleVerb&quot; or &quot;preverbVerb&quot; or &quot;compoundVerb&quot;
    local verbStruct = export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)

    if isNegative then
        negPrefix = infoTense:negPrefix{stem=stem,
                                        impNegForm=impNegForm,
                                        overrideNegPrefix=overrideNegPrefix}
        if infoTense.negPreverb then
            preverb = infoTense:negPreverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
                                           overridePreverb=overridePreverb}
        end
    else
        if infoTense.preverb then
            preverb = infoTense:preverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
                                        overridePreverb=overridePreverb,
										accent=accent}
        end
    end

    infoTense.conj = {}
    local spacing = isCompoundVerb and ' ' or ''
    local endings = infoTense:endings(stem)
	
	-- 'rojhilatî' accent (devok) for present stem
	if (infoTense.stem == 'present') then
		if (accent == 'rojhilatî') then
			endings = endings['rojhilatî']
		else
			endings = endings['std']
		end

	end
	
    local preverbParticles = export.getPreverbParticles(
		infoTense.preverbParticle,
		infoTense.stem, isTransitive
	)
	
    local isErgative = isTransitive and (infoTense.stem == 'past')

    -- Creating the conjugation table for a given tense
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local ending
        local conjSimbleVerb
        local conjVerb

        if isErgative then
            ending = endings.s3
        else
            ending = endings[pers]
        end

        -- Adding space after the preverbal particle, and
		-- if &quot;addPreverbParticles='na'&quot;: remove preverb particles (ê/dê).
		local preverbParticle = ''
		if infoTense.preverbParticle and addPreverbParticles ~= 'na' then
	            preverbParticle = preverbParticles[pers] .. ' '
		end

        conjSimbleVerb = negPrefix  .. preverb .. stem .. ending
        -- Adding prefixe and suffixe
        conjVerb =  preSimpleVerb .. spacing .. conjSimbleVerb .. postSimpleVerb
        -- Spelling correction(îy -&gt; iy)
        conjVerb = gsub(conjVerb, 'îy', 'iy')
        -- Add a link / if tags='na' no links
		if tags ~= 'na' then
        	conjVerb = link{term=conjVerb, lang=langKu}
		end
        -- Addition of the preverbal particle
        infoTense.conj[pers] = preverbParticle .. conjVerb
    end

    -- Imperative
    if (infoTense.name == 'impPresent') then
        infoTense.conj.s1 = nil
        infoTense.conj.s2 = infoTense.conj.s3
        infoTense.conj.s3 = nil
        infoTense.conj.p1 = nil
        -- infoTense.conj.p2 = infoTense.conj.p2
        infoTense.conj.p3 = nil
    end

    return infoTense
end

-- =============================================================================
--                               END
-- =============================================================================
-- Some useful tools
-- =============================================================================
-- Returns the list of verb tenses
export.tensesList = function()
	local list = {}
    for _, tense in pairs(export.tenseRules) do
        table.insert(list, tense.name)
    end
	return list
end

-- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
-- (for a given conjugate tense in all persons of that tense)
function export.concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjVerbs)
    local concatTab = {}

    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local pronom = pronoms[pers] or &quot;&quot;
        local verbe  = conjVerbs[pers] or &quot;&quot;

        if pronom == &quot;&quot; then
            concatTab[pers] = verbe
        elseif verbe == &quot;&quot; then
            concatTab[pers] = pronom
        else
            concatTab[pers] = pronom .. &quot; &quot; .. verbe
        end
    end

    return concatTab
end

-- Remove duplicates
local function removeDuplicates(list)
	local seen = {}
	local result = {}
	
	for _, value in ipairs(list) do
		if not seen[value] then
			seen[value] = true
			table.insert(result, value)
		end
	end
	
	return result
end

-- =============================================================================
-- ADDITIONAL STEM OF THE PAST AND PRESENT (pastStem2, ... and presentStem2, ...)
-- This function does nothing more than add additional parameters for verb stems
-- in the past and present tenses.
-- Conjugations for the different stems will be separated by &quot;/&quot;
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugateMultiStem(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems)
    local opts = deepCopy(baseOpts or {}, 'copy')
	opts.tense = tense
	opts.addPreverbParticles = 'na'
	
    presentStems = presentStems or {}
	pastStems = pastStems or {}
    
    local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy')
    if not infoTense then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;Unknown tense: ' .. tostring(tense) ..'&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    local stems = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStems or pastStems
	
    -- For each verb stem, its conjugation table is calculated and stored in conjTabs.
    local conjTabs = {}
    for i = 1, #stems do
		 local stem = stems[i]
        if stem then
            if (infoTense.stem == 'past') then
				opts.pastStem = stem
				
			elseif (infoTense.stem == 'present') then
				opts.presentStem = stem
				-- For the recognition of irregular verbs based on the past-stem part
				-- see: &quot;çûn&quot; û &quot;hatin&quot;
				opts.pastStem = pastStems[1]
			end

			local result = export.conjugate(opts)
			if result and result.conj then
				table.insert(conjTabs, result.conj)
			end
        end
    end

    -- We concatenate each row of the conjugation tables.
	local preverbParticles = deepCopy(export.getPreverbParticles(
		infoTense.preverbParticle, 
		infoTense.stem, 
		opts.isTransitive
	), 'copy')

    local concatConjTabs = {}
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local frag = {}
        for i = 1, #conjTabs do
            local val = conjTabs[i][pers]
            if val then
				table.insert(frag, tostring(val))
			end
        end
				
		frag = removeDuplicates(frag)
		if infoTense.preverbParticle then
	        concatConjTabs[pers] = preverbParticles[pers] .. ' '
								 .. table.concat(frag, ' — ')
		else
			concatConjTabs[pers] = table.concat(frag, ' — ')
		end
    end

    infoTense.conj = concatConjTabs
	
    return infoTense
end

-- ====================================================================================
--  VERB CONJUGATION IN ALL TENSES WITH OR WITHOUT PRONOUNS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, negation, concatPrs)
	-- &quot;concatPrs=false&quot; table without pronouns
	
    local opts = deepCopy(baseOpts or {}, 'copy')
    
    if negation == 'negative' then
		opts.isNegative = true
	end

    presentStems = presentStems or {}
    pastStems    = pastStems or {}

    -- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
	local concatPronomsVerbs = export.concatPronomsVerbs

    local tensesList = export.tensesList()

    -- Conjugation in all tenses
    local conjTab = {}

    for _, tense in ipairs(tensesList) do
        -- Conjugations without the pronouns
        local conjData = deepCopy(
            export.conjugateMultiStem(opts, tense, presentStems, pastStems),
            'copy'
        )
		
        -- We concatenate the pronouns and the verbs if &quot;concatPrs&quot; is different of &quot;false&quot;
		-- No pronouns for the imperative mood
        if tense ~= 'impPresent' and concatPrs ~= false then
            local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy')
            
            local pronoms = deepCopy(
                export.conjPronouns(infoTense.stem, infoTense.mode, opts.isTransitive)
            )
            
            conjData.conj = concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjData.conj)
        end

        conjTab[tense] = conjData
    end
	
    return conjTab
end

-- ====================================================================================
-- Allows you to obtain a given conjugation from a model.
-- Ex. {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=s1}}
-- See {{ku-tewîn-lk-niha}}
-- ====================================================================================
function export.tew(frame)
   local args = frame:getParent().args

    local baseOpts = {
        isNegative     = frame.args['neyînî'] or false,
        isTransitive   = args['form'],
        isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = args['pêşgir'] or nil,
        postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil,
		-- overridePreverb:
		presentBi = frame['nihaBi'] or nil,
		presentDi = frame['nihaDi'] or nil,
		pastBi    = frame['borîBi'] or nil,
		pastDi    = frame['borîDi'] or nil,
		sameBi    = frame['bi'] or nil,
		sameDi    = frame['di'] or nil,
		-- overrideNegPrefix:
		presentNa  = frame['na'] or nil,
		presentNe  = frame['nihaNe'] or nil,
		pastNe     = frame['borîNe'] or nil,
		sameNe     = frame['ne'] or nil,
		impMe      = frame['me'] or nil,
		
        impNegForm     = 1,
		tags           = args['lînk'] or 'erê',
		accent         = args['devok'] or 'std',
    }
	
	local tense        = frame.args['dem'] or nil
	local pers         = frame.args['kes'] or nil
    local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
    local pastStems    = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}

    -- A few checks
    if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = true
    elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = false
    else
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
    else
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
    end

    if (baseOpts.isNegative == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isNegative = true
    end

	local tabConj = export.conjugateMultiStem(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems).conj
	
    return tabConj[pers]
end

-- ====================================================================================
-- GET COMMMA SEPARED FORMS
-- Bnr. [[MediaWiki:Gadget-QQ.js]]
-- Ex. {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|get_comma_separated_forms|niha=kev|borî=ket}}
-- ====================================================================================
function export.get_comma_separated_forms(frame)
    local opts = {
        presentStem     = frame.args['niha'],
        pastStem        = frame.args['borî'],
        isTransitive    = false,
        isNegative      = false,
        isCompoundVerb  = frame['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb   = frame['pêşgir'] or '',
        postSimpleVerb  = frame['paşgir'] or '',
		-- overridePreverb:
		presentBi = frame['nihaBi'] or nil,
		presentDi = frame['nihaDi'] or nil,
		pastBi    = frame['borîBi'] or nil,
		pastDi    = frame['borîDi'] or nil,
		sameBi    = frame['bi'] or nil,
		sameDi    = frame['di'] or nil,
		-- overrideNegPrefix:
		presentNa  = frame['na'] or nil,
		presentNe  = frame['nihaNe'] or nil,
		pastNe     = frame['borîNe'] or nil,
		sameNe     = frame['ne'] or nil,
		impMe      = frame['me'] or nil,
		
        impNegForm     = 1,
		tags           = 'na', -- Remove links/tags
		addPreverbParticles = 'na' -- Remove preverb particles (ê/dê)
    }

   local function concateList(tenseList)
        local concatList = {}
        for _, pers in ipairs({&quot;s1&quot;, &quot;s2&quot;, &quot;s3&quot;, &quot;p1&quot;}) do
        	local tense = tenseList[pers]
            table.insert(concatList, tense)
        end

        return table.concat(concatList, &quot;,&quot;)
   end

   	local tenseList = {'indPresent','indPreterite','indImperfect',
                      'indPluperfect','indPerfect','indNwPluperfect',
                      'indFuture','indFuturePerfect',
                      'subjImperfect','subjPluperfect'
                    }
                    
    local concatAllTense = {}
    
    for  i = 1, #tenseList do
        local tense = tenseList[i]
        if export.tenseRules[tense] then
            opts.tense = tense
            local conj = shallowCopy(export.conjugate(opts).conj)
            local concatTense = concateList(conj)
            table.insert(concatAllTense, concatTense)
        end
    end
    
    return table.concat(concatAllTense, &quot;,&quot;)
end

return export</text>
      <sha1>1q29dc6lte916kee86l6hfn43jg1mc2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237725</id>
      <parentid>6237718</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-15T03:41:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>neg.</comment>
      <origin>6237725</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="46689" sha1="9nw43mradg7rycypwqkbv3xu9b8go8z" xml:space="preserve">-- Modula tewandina lêkerên kurmancî

local export = {}

-- Load irregular forms table
-- local irreg = require('Module:ku-tewandin/nestandard')
local langKu = require(&quot;Modul:languages&quot;).getByCode(&quot;ku&quot;)
local link = require('Module:links').language_link
local shallowCopy = require(&quot;Module:table/shallowCopy&quot;)
local deepCopy = require(&quot;Module:table/deepCopy&quot;)

local gsub = mw.ustring.gsub
local find = mw.ustring.find

-- =============================================================================
-- Pronouns in Kurmanji
-- =============================================================================
export.order = {&quot;s1&quot;, &quot;s2&quot;, &quot;s3&quot;, &quot;p1&quot;, &quot;p2&quot;, &quot;p3&quot;}

export.pronouns = {
    s1 = &quot;ez&quot;,    p1 = &quot;em&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;tu&quot;,    p2 = &quot;hûn&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;ew&quot;,    p3 = &quot;ew&quot;
}

export.obliquePronouns = {
    s1 = &quot;min&quot;,      p1 = &quot;me&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;te&quot;,       p2 = &quot;we&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;wê/wî&quot;,    p3 = &quot;wan&quot;
}

export.agents = {
    s1 = &quot;te, wî, wê, we, wan&quot;,            p1 = &quot;te, wî, wê, we, wan&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;min, wî, wê, me, wan&quot;,           p2 = &quot;min, wî, wê, me, wan&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;min, te, wî, wê, me, we, wan&quot;,   p3 = &quot;min, te, wî, wê, me, we, wan&quot;
}

-- Oblique pronoun (green) 
export.obliquePronounsGreen = {
    s1 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;min&lt;/span&gt;',
    s2 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;te&lt;/span&gt;',
    s3 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;wê/wî&lt;/span&gt;',
    p1 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;me&lt;/span&gt;',
    p2 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;we&lt;/span&gt;',
    p3 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;wan&lt;/span&gt;'
}

-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- 1) This function returns correct subject/agent pronoun, ergativity rule:
--   - Transitive verbs in past tenses → oblique pronoun (green) = agent
--   - All other cases                 → direct pronoun (no color) = subject
-- 2) Also add the subjunctive prefix &quot;(bila)&quot;
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
function export.conjPronouns(stemType, mode, isTransitive)
    local pronouns = shallowCopy(export.pronouns)

    -- Ergativity in kurdish: transitive verbs that are conjugated with the past tense stem are
    -- conjugated according to the object, not the subject.
    -- Therefore, to have an ergative construction,
    -- the verb must be transitive and its stem must be the stem of the past tense.
    local isErgative = isTransitive and (stemType == 'past')

    -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: &quot;min&quot;, &quot;te&quot;, ...
    -- If it's not ergative, we use normal pronouns: &quot;ez&quot;, &quot;tu&quot;, ...
    if isErgative then
        pronouns = shallowCopy(export.obliquePronounsGreen)
    end

    -- For the subjunctive mood, we add &quot;(bila)&quot; at the beginning.
    if mode == 'subjunctive' then
    	local subjPrefix = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(bila)&lt;/span&gt;'
        for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
            pronouns[pers] = subjPrefix .. ' ' .. pronouns[pers]
        end
    end
    return pronouns
end

-- =============================================================================
-- VERBAL STRUCTURE IN THE INFINITIVE:
-- Verbs in the infinitive appear in three main forms:
--  1) Simple verb (indivisible light verb):
--       - ex.:  &quot;kirin&quot;, &quot;çûn&quot;, &quot;xwarin&quot;, ...
--  2) Verbs with preverbs (preverb + simple verb):
--       - ex.: &quot;rakirin&quot; (ra- + kirin), &quot;çêkirin&quot; (çê- + kirin), &quot;vexwarin&quot; (ve- + xwarin), ...
--       - Preverb verbs don't use the prefix &quot;bi-&quot; (ez ê rakim , ew ê rake , ...)
--  3) Compound verbs, construction with non-verbal element (the noun is not attached to the verb):
--       - Left of the simple verb: &quot;hez kirin&quot; (&quot;hez&quot; + &quot;kirin&quot;), &quot;li dar xistin&quot; (&quot;li dar&quot; + &quot;xistin&quot;), ...
--       - Right of the simple verb: &quot;kirin der&quot; (&quot;kirin&quot; + &quot;der&quot;), &quot;girtin ser xwe&quot; (&quot;girtin&quot; + &quot;ser xwe&quot;), ...
--       - Compound verbs use the prefix &quot;bi-&quot; (ez ê hez bi-kim , ew ê hez bi-ke )

-- STRUCTURE:  preSimpleVerb + spacing + simpleVerb + postSimpleVerb
-- EX.     kirin: preSimpleVerb='';    spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--       rakirin: preSimpleVerb='ra';  spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--     hez kirin: preSimpleVerb='hez'; spacing=true;  simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--       pev çûn: preSimpleVerb='pev'; spacing=true;  simpleVerb='çûn';   postSimpleVerb=''
--     kirin der: preSimpleVerb='';    spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='der'

-- WARNING: Conjugation can vary depending on the type of verb.
-- For example, in the future tense,the prefix &quot;bi&quot; is used for compound verbs,
-- but not for preverbal verbs, see the function that manages it  &quot;tenseRules&quot; table.
-- This table does not yet support the mixed case: a verb composed of a noun and a preverb verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
    local struct

    if (preSimpleVerb and preSimpleVerb ~= '' and not isCompoundVerb) then
        struct = 'preverbVerb'
    elseif isCompoundVerb then
        struct = 'compoundVerb'
    else
        struct = 'simpleVerb'
    end

    return struct
end

-- ================================================================
-- INFLECTIONAL ENDINGS
-- Assigns verb inflectional endings (suffixes) to all tenses
-- ================================================================
local getEndings = {}

do
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ending using present stem
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['present'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends = {}
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends['std'] = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
            ends['rojhilatî'] = {s1='m', s2='(y)', s3='t', p1='yn', p2='n', p3='n'}
        else
            ends['std'] = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='e', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
			ends['rojhilatî'] = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='&lt;u&gt;it&lt;/u&gt;/ît', p1='în', p2='in', p3='in'}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ind. preterite + ind. imperfect ending
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['past'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
		local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiouû]$') then
            ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then
           -- if self.name == 'indImperfect' then
           --     -- special indicative ind. imperfect rule
           --     ends = {s1='yam', s2='yayî', s3='ya', p1='yan', p2='yan', p3='yan'}
           -- end
            ends = {s1='m', s2='', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        else
            ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Compound endings with auxiliary &quot;bûn&quot;
    -- Inflectional endings are created by taking the different forms of the
    -- verb &quot;bûn&quot; (with present stem &quot;-b-&quot; and past stem &quot;-bû-&quot;) and
    -- adding an &quot;i-&quot; prefix before them: &quot;i-b-im&quot;, &quot;i-bû-m&quot;, &quot;i-bû-me&quot;, &quot;i-bû-ma&quot;.
    -- This &quot;i-&quot; varies according to the final letter of the verb stem.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    local function normalize_i(stem)
        local prfx_i = &quot;i&quot;
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, &quot;ya$&quot;) or
           mw.ustring.match(stem, &quot;[îû]$&quot;) then -- cf. karîn (-karî-)
           	prfx_i = &quot;&quot;
        elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiou]$') then
            prfx_i = &quot;yi&quot;
        end
        return prfx_i
    end

    getEndings['ibim'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bim&quot;,   p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;be&quot;,    p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûm'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûm&quot;,     p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bû&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûme'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûme&quot;,      p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyiye&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûye&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûma'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûma&quot;,      p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyayî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûya&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;
        }
    end
    
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ind. perfect ending.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['ime'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends

        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;me&quot;, s2=&quot;yî&quot;, s3=&quot;ye&quot;, p1=&quot;ne&quot;, p2=&quot;ne&quot;, p3=&quot;ne&quot;}
        else
            ends = {s1=&quot;ime&quot;, s2=&quot;iyî&quot;, s3=&quot;iye&quot;, p1=&quot;ine&quot;, p2=&quot;ine&quot;, p3=&quot;ine&quot;}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Subj. Imperfect ending.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['ama'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends

        -- The doublet in &quot;-iyan&quot; of verbs in -&quot;în&quot; (gerîn/-geriya-, kenîn/-keniya-, ...),
        -- in the conditional and subjunctive moods, a doublet &quot;yaya&quot; appears; it's removed.
        -- -yayayî → -yayî; -yaya → -ya
		if mw.ustring.match(stem, '(ya)$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;ma&quot;, s2=&quot;yî&quot;, s3=&quot;&quot;, p1=&quot;na&quot;, p2=&quot;na&quot;, p3=&quot;na&quot;}
		elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;ma&quot;, s2=&quot;yayî&quot;, s3=&quot;ya&quot;, p1=&quot;na&quot;, p2=&quot;na&quot;, p3=&quot;na&quot;}
        else
            ends = {s1=&quot;ama&quot;, s2=&quot;ayî&quot;, s3=&quot;a&quot;, p1=&quot;ana&quot;, p2=&quot;ana&quot;, p3=&quot;ana&quot;}
        end
        return ends
    end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR PREVERBS: &quot;bi-&quot; and &quot;di-&quot;
-- There are two preverbs: &quot;bi-&quot; and &quot;di-&quot;. These preverbs can change form
-- depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getPreverb = {}

do
	getPreverb['bi'] = function (self, opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local verbStruct = opts.verbStruct
	    local overridePreverb = opts.overridePreverb
		local accent     = opts.accent

		-- Devoka rojhilatî:
		-- @Ferhengvan: Dema bêt bi lêkera alîkar &quot;ê / dê&quot; û bi rehê lêkerê yê
		-- dema niha û pêşgirên kesî tê çêkirin. Pêşgira &quot;bi-&quot; li destpêka lêkera
		-- serekî nîne: - ez ê / dê xw-im (standard: ez ê/dê bi-xw-im).
		if (self.name == 'indFuture' and accent == 'rojhilatî') then
			return ''
		end
	
	    -- Preverb verbs don't use the preverb &quot;bi-&quot;: ra-kirin (ez ê rakim), ve-xwarin (ez ê vexwim) , ...
	    -- But compound verb and simple verbs use it: hez kirin (ez ê hez bi-kim), lê bigirin (ez ê lê bi-girim), ...
	    if (verbStruct == 'preverbVerb') then
	        return ''
	    end
	
		-- If the preverb &quot;bi-&quot; is provided.
		if (self.stem == 'present' and overridePreverb.presentBi) then
			return overridePreverb.presentBi
		elseif (self.stem == 'past' and overridePreverb.pastBi) then
			return overridePreverb.pastBi
		elseif overridePreverb.sameBi then
			return overridePreverb.sameBi
		end
	
	    -- Modification of the preverbe &quot;bi-&quot; according to the last letter of the stem.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[aeêiîouû]') then
	        return 'b'
	    end
	
	    return 'bi'
	end

	getPreverb['di'] = function (self, opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local overridePreverb = opts.overridePreverb
	
		-- If the preverb &quot;di&quot; is provided.
		if (self.stem == 'present' and overridePreverb.presentDi) then
			return overridePreverb.presentDi
		elseif (self.stem == 'past' and overridePreverb.pastDi) then
			return overridePreverb.pastDi
		elseif overridePreverb.sameDi then
			return overridePreverb.sameDi
		end
	
	    -- Modification of the preverbe &quot;di-&quot; according to the last letter of the stem.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[ai]') then
	        return 'd'
	    end
	    -- Ex. hatin : stem = -ê- // ez têm
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[êî]') then
	        return 't'
	    end
	
	    return 'di'
	end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR NEGATION PREFIXES: &quot;na-&quot; and &quot;ne-&quot;
-- There are two negation prefixes: &quot;na-&quot; and &quot;ne-&quot;. These preverbs can change
-- form depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getNegPrefix = {}

do
	getNegPrefix['na'] = function (self, opts)
		-- self: reserved for future use
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local overrideNa = opts.overrideNegPrefix.presentNa
	
	    if overrideNa then return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNa .. '&lt;/b&gt;' end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] end
	
	    -- Add sufix &quot;-y&quot; before certain vowels.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;nay&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	    -- Elision before stems beginning with &quot;a-&quot; (removal of the final &quot;-e&quot;).
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;n&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    -- Tîpa duyem &quot;-a-&quot; ye (k-a-rîn, z-a-nîn, ...)
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^%wa') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;ni&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    return '&lt;b&gt;na&lt;/b&gt;'
	end

	getNegPrefix['ne'] = function (self, opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local tenseName = self.name
	    local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm -- form &quot;1&quot; or &quot;2&quot; of imp.
		local overrideNegPrefix = opts.overrideNegPrefix

        local negPrefix = 'ne'

		-- Bo neyînî: pêşgira &quot;di-&quot; tenê di nav dema &quot;indImperfect&quot; de tê bikaranîn.
		-- ji ber vê yekê 'negPrefix' hertim (?) 'ne' ye ji ber ku dikeve pêş 
		-- pêşgira &quot;di-&quot;: wê/wî ne-di-elimand (elimandin)
	    if (tenseName == 'indImperfect') then
	         return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end

		-- Override		
		if (overrideNegPrefix.impMe or overrideNegPrefix.presentNe
									or overrideNegPrefix.pastNe
				                    or overrideNegPrefix.sameNe) then
			-- Ovverride imp.
			if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then
				if (impNegForm == 1 and overrideNegPrefix.impMe) then
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNegPrefix.impMe .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
				elseif (impNegForm == 1 and overrideNegPrefix.presentNe and 
					find(overrideNegPrefix.presentNe, '^n')) then
					--For the &quot;me-&quot; form, we replace the &quot;n&quot; with an &quot;m&quot;.
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. gsub(overrideNegPrefix.presentNe, '^(.)', 'm') .. '&lt;/b&gt;'	
				elseif (impNegForm == 1 and overrideNegPrefix.sameNe and 
					find(overrideNegPrefix.sameNe, '^n')) then
					--For the &quot;me-&quot; form, we replace the &quot;n&quot; with an &quot;m&quot;.
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. gsub(overrideNegPrefix.sameNe, '^(.)', 'm') .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
				elseif (impNegForm == 2 and overrideNegPrefix.presentNe) then
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNegPrefix.presentNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
				elseif (impNegForm == 2 and overrideNegPrefix.sameNe) then
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNegPrefix.sameNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
				end
			else
				-- For other tenses besides the imperative
				if (self.stem == 'present' and overrideNegPrefix.presentNe) then
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNegPrefix.presentNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
			    elseif (self.stem == 'past' and overrideNegPrefix.pastNe) then
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNegPrefix.pastNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
				elseif overrideNegPrefix.sameNe then
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNegPrefix.sameNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
				end
			end
		end
	
	    -- There are two forms of construction of the imperative,
	    -- one with the prefix &quot;me-&quot; (1) and the other (2) with the prefix &quot;ne-&quot;.
	    if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then
	        negPrefix = (impNegForm == 2) and 'ne' or 'me'
	    end
		
	    -- Add sufix &quot;-y&quot; before certain vowels.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. 'y&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    -- Elision before stems beginning with &quot;a-&quot; (removal of the final &quot;-e&quot;).
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
	        negPrefix = mw.ustring.sub(negPrefix, 1, -2)
	        return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- Standardization of the PREVERBAL PARTICLE
-- The proverbial particle &quot;ê&quot; is placed after the personal pronoun.
-- =============================================================================
-- If there are no verbal preparticles, return empty table.
function export.getPreverbParticles(preverbParticle, typeStem, isTransitive)
    if not preverbParticle then
        return {s1='', s2='', s3='', p1='', p2='', p3=''}
    end

    if preverbParticle == 'ê' then
        local isErgative = isTransitive and (typeStem == 'past')

        -- When the personal pronoun ends in a vowel, a &quot;y-&quot; is added before &quot;ê&quot;.
        -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: &quot;min&quot;, &quot;te&quot;, ...
        if isErgative then
            return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='yê/dê', p1='yê/dê', p2='yê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
        else
            return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='ê/dê', p1='ê/dê', p2='ê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
        end
    end

    -- If the verbal preparticle is identical for all pronouns,
    -- we create a table with the same value.
    local preverbParticles = {}
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        preverbParticles[pers] = preverbParticle
    end

    return preverbParticles
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING EACH VERB TENSE
-- This table lists, for each verb tense, what elements are required to form it:
--   - Verb conjugation is built by placing either the preverb &quot;bi-&quot; or &quot;di-&quot; before
--     the verb stem (past or present), followed by a personal ending.
--   - For the negative form, one of the prefixes &quot;na-&quot; or &quot;ne-&quot; is added as well.
--   - In some cases, a preverbal particle such as /ê/ or /dê/ is added before
--     the conjugated verb as well.
-- Not: - The &quot;negPreverb&quot; (preverb (bi-/di-) for negative tenses) parameter has a
--         value different from &quot;nil&quot; only for the Imperfect tense (&quot;negPreverb=di&quot;).
--      - The parameter &quot;negPrefix=na&quot; is used only for the present indicative.
--
-- Preverb &quot;di&quot;, used in: &quot;indPresent&quot;(present stem), &quot;indImperfect&quot;(past stem)
--                        - Bo neyînî: pêşgira &quot;di-&quot; tenê di nav dema &quot;IndImperfect&quot; de tê bikaranîn.
-- Preverb &quot;bi&quot;, used in: &quot;indFuture&quot;(present stem), &quot;subPresent&quot;(present stem),
--                         &quot;subImperfect&quot;(past stem) = &quot;condPresent&quot;(past stem)
--                        - The prefix &quot;bi-&quot; isn't used in negative forms.
--
-- Present stem, used in: &quot;indPresent&quot;(di)(na),
--                        &quot;indFuture&quot;(bi)(ne) = &quot;subPresent&quot;(bi)(ne)
--
-- Past stem, used in: &quot;indPreterite&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indImperfect&quot;(di)(ne), &quot;indPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;indPerfect&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indNwPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indFuturePerfect&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;subPreterite&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;subImperfect&quot;(bi)(ne) = &quot;condPresent&quot;(bi)(ne),
--                     &quot;subPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne) = &quot;condPreterite&quot;(-)(ne)
-- =============================================================================
-- Some conjugations are identical except that they differ only in the preverbal particle (/ê/, /dê/).
-- So, to avoid repeating the same information (and thus risking errors),
-- we establish the common part shared between these verbs.
local sharedTenseRules = {
    indFuture = {
        stem         = &quot;present&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['bi'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['present']
    },

    indFuturePerfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibim']
    },

    subImperfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['bi'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ama']
    },

    subPluperfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûma']
    }
}

local mt = {
    __index = function(t, k)
        local commonRules = t._commonRules
        if commonRules then return commonRules[k] end
    end
}

-- TENSES CONJUGATION RULES
export.tenseRules = {
    -- IMPERATIVE MOOD
    impPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;impPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raweya fermanî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present imperative&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;imperative&quot;,
        _commonRules = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    -- INDICATIVE MOOD
    indPresent = {
        name         = &quot;indPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema niha&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;present&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['di'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['na'],
        endings      = getEndings['present'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indPreterite = {
        name         = &quot;indPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya sade&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;simple past&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['past'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indImperfect = {
        name         = &quot;indImperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya berdest&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;Imperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['di'],
        negPreverb   = getPreverb['di'],
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['past'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indPluperfect    = {
        name         = &quot;indPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûr&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;pluperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûm'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indFuture = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;indFuture&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema bê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;future&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    indFuturePerfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;indFuturePerfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dahatiya pêş&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;future perfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuturePerfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    -- In some books, the &quot;perfect&quot; and &quot;nonconfirmative pluperfect&quot; tenses
    -- are classified in the &quot;inferential mood&quot; (&quot;moda neşahidî&quot;).
    -- Currently we classify them using the indicative mood (at the end).
    indPerfect = {
        name         = &quot;indPerfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûdar&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;perfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ime'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indNwPluperfect = {
        name         = &quot;indNwPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;çîrokiya boriya dûdar&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;non-witnessed pluperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûme'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    -- SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
    subjPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema nihaya xwestekî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    subjPreterite = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema boriya xwestekî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;preterite subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuturePerfect,
        preverbParticle = nil,
    }, mt),

    subjImperfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjImperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya bilaniyê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;imperfect subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subImperfect,
        preverbParticle = nil,
    }, mt),

    subjPluperfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûr a bilaniyê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;pluperfect subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subPluperfect,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    -- CONDITIONAL MOOD
    condPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;condPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;çîrokiya dema nihaya mercî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present conditional&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;conditional&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subImperfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    condPreterite = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;condPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema boriya mercî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;preterite conditional&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;conditional&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subPluperfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

}

-- =============================================================================
-- MAIN CONJUGATION FUNCTOIN
-- This function returns an array containing the conjugation table for a given
-- tense as well as other information about the conjugated verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugate(opts)
    opts = opts or {}
    -- Required parameters
    local tense          = opts.tense or error(&quot;'tense' required&quot;, 2)
    --One of the two parameters is required:
    --  - If the tense uses the present stem, indicate &quot;presentStem&quot;.
    --  - If it uses the past stem, indicate &quot;pastStem&quot;.
    local presentStem    = opts.presentStem
    local pastStem       = opts.pastStem
    -- Optional parameters
    local isTransitive   = opts.isTransitive or false   -- Indicate if the verb is transitive (true/false)
    local isNegative     = opts.isNegative or false     -- Indicate if it's the negative form (true/false)
    local isCompoundVerb = opts.isCompoundVerb or false -- Indicate if it's a compound verb (true/false)
    local preSimpleVerb  = opts.preSimpleVerb or ''     -- The part before the simple verb
    local postSimpleVerb = opts.postSimpleVerb or ''    -- The part after the simple verb
    -- These parameters are provided when the verb is irregular.
    -- Allows you to manually modify preverbs (&quot;bi-&quot;&quot; or &quot;di-&quot;)
    -- and negation prefixes (&quot;na-&quot; or &quot;ne-&quot;)
	local overridePreverb = {
		-- Preverbs (bi-, di)
	    presentBi = opts.presentBi or nil,
	    presentDi = opts.presentDi or nil,
	    pastBi    = opts.pastBi or nil,
	    pastDi    = opts.pastDi or nil,
		-- Same preverbs (&quot;past&quot; and &quot;present&quot; stem)
	    sameBi     = opts.sameBi or nil,
	    sameDi     = opts.sameDi or nil,
	}
	local overrideNegPrefix = {
		-- Neg. prefix (na-, ne-)
	    presentNa  = opts.presentNa or nil,
	    presentNe  = opts.presentNe or nil,
	    pastNe     = opts.pastNe or nil,
		-- same neg. prefix (for past and present stem)
	    sameNe     = opts.sameNe or nil,
		impMe      = opts.impMe or nil,
	}
    -- By default, the negation of the imperative is constructed from the prefix &quot;me-&quot;&quot;.
    -- To obtain the second variant, the prefix with &quot;ne-&quot;, you must specify &quot;impNegForm=2&quot;.
    local impNegForm     = opts.impNegForm or 1
	-- Accent/ Devok
    local accent = opts.accent or 'std'
	
	-- If &quot;tags='na'&quot;, remove links/tags
	local tags = opts.tags or 'erê'
	-- If addPreverbParticles='na', remove preverb particles (ê/dê) before
	-- the conjugated verbs.
	local addPreverbParticles = opts.addPreverbParticles or 'erê'

	
	-- We add a space to the left of the &quot;postSimpleVerb&quot; because it shouldn't be attached
	-- to the simple verb.
	if (postSimpleVerb ~= '' and postSimpleVerb ~=nil) then
		postSimpleVerb = ' ' .. postSimpleVerb
	end

    -- Access to the classification table and retrieval of verb tense parameters
    local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy') or false

    -- We check that this tense is indeed in table &quot;tenseRules&quot;.
    if (not infoTense) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    -- We check that one of the two parameters of the stem is given
    if (infoTense.stem == 'present' and not presentStem) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;presentStem parameter required&lt;/span&gt;'
    elseif (infoTense.stem == 'past' and not pastStem) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;pasttStem parameter required&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    -- Choice between the present stem or past stem
    local stem = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStem or pastStem

    --────────────────────────────
    -- Conjugation construction --
    -- ───────────────────────────
    local preverb = ''
    local negPrefix = ''

	-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
    -- Lêkerin nestandard --
    -- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
	-- çûn
	if (stem == 'her' and pastStem == 'çû') then
		if tense == 'indPresent' then
			if isNegative then
				stem = 'r'
			else
				stem = 'er'
				overridePreverb.presentDi = 't'
			end
		elseif ({impPresent=true, indFuture=true, subjPresent=true})[tense] then
			overridePreverb.presentBi = ''
			if isNegative then
				stem = 'r'
			else
				stem = 'her'
			end
		end
	end

	-- hatin
	if (stem == 'wer'  and pastStem == 'hat') then
		if ({impPresent=true, indFuture=true, subjPresent=true})[tense] then
			if isNegative then
				stem = 'ê'
			else
				overridePreverb.presentBi = ''
				stem = 'wer'
			end
		elseif (tense == 'indPresent') then
			stem = 'ê'
		end
	end
	-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
	
    -- Ruturns the verb type: &quot;simpleVerb&quot; or &quot;preverbVerb&quot; or &quot;compoundVerb&quot;
    local verbStruct = export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)

    if isNegative then
        negPrefix = infoTense:negPrefix{stem=stem,
                                        impNegForm=impNegForm,
                                        overrideNegPrefix=overrideNegPrefix}
        if infoTense.negPreverb then
            preverb = infoTense:negPreverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
                                           overridePreverb=overridePreverb}
        end
    else
        if infoTense.preverb then
            preverb = infoTense:preverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
                                        overridePreverb=overridePreverb,
										accent=accent}
        end
    end

    infoTense.conj = {}
    local spacing = isCompoundVerb and ' ' or ''
    local endings = infoTense:endings(stem)
	
	-- 'rojhilatî' accent (devok) for present stem
	if (infoTense.stem == 'present') then
		if (accent == 'rojhilatî') then
			endings = endings['rojhilatî']
		else
			endings = endings['std']
		end

	end
	
    local preverbParticles = export.getPreverbParticles(
		infoTense.preverbParticle,
		infoTense.stem, isTransitive
	)
	
    local isErgative = isTransitive and (infoTense.stem == 'past')

    -- Creating the conjugation table for a given tense
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local ending
        local conjSimbleVerb
        local conjVerb

        if isErgative then
            ending = endings.s3
        else
            ending = endings[pers]
        end

        -- Adding space after the preverbal particle, and
		-- if &quot;addPreverbParticles='na'&quot;: remove preverb particles (ê/dê).
		local preverbParticle = ''
		if infoTense.preverbParticle and addPreverbParticles ~= 'na' then
	            preverbParticle = preverbParticles[pers] .. ' '
		end

        conjSimbleVerb = negPrefix  .. preverb .. stem .. ending
        -- Adding prefixe and suffixe
        conjVerb =  preSimpleVerb .. spacing .. conjSimbleVerb .. postSimpleVerb
        -- Spelling correction(îy -&gt; iy)
        conjVerb = gsub(conjVerb, 'îy', 'iy')
        -- Add a link / if tags='na' no links
		if tags ~= 'na' then
        	conjVerb = link{term=conjVerb, lang=langKu}
		end
        -- Addition of the preverbal particle
        infoTense.conj[pers] = preverbParticle .. conjVerb
    end

    -- Imperative
    if (infoTense.name == 'impPresent') then
        infoTense.conj.s1 = nil
        infoTense.conj.s2 = infoTense.conj.s3
        infoTense.conj.s3 = nil
        infoTense.conj.p1 = nil
        -- infoTense.conj.p2 = infoTense.conj.p2
        infoTense.conj.p3 = nil
    end

    return infoTense
end

-- =============================================================================
--                               END
-- =============================================================================
-- Some useful tools
-- =============================================================================
-- Returns the list of verb tenses
export.tensesList = function()
	local list = {}
    for _, tense in pairs(export.tenseRules) do
        table.insert(list, tense.name)
    end
	return list
end

-- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
-- (for a given conjugate tense in all persons of that tense)
function export.concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjVerbs)
    local concatTab = {}

    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local pronom = pronoms[pers] or &quot;&quot;
        local verbe  = conjVerbs[pers] or &quot;&quot;

        if pronom == &quot;&quot; then
            concatTab[pers] = verbe
        elseif verbe == &quot;&quot; then
            concatTab[pers] = pronom
        else
            concatTab[pers] = pronom .. &quot; &quot; .. verbe
        end
    end

    return concatTab
end

-- Remove duplicates
local function removeDuplicates(list)
	local seen = {}
	local result = {}
	
	for _, value in ipairs(list) do
		if not seen[value] then
			seen[value] = true
			table.insert(result, value)
		end
	end
	
	return result
end

-- =============================================================================
-- ADDITIONAL STEM OF THE PAST AND PRESENT (pastStem2, ... and presentStem2, ...)
-- This function does nothing more than add additional parameters for verb stems
-- in the past and present tenses.
-- Conjugations for the different stems will be separated by &quot;/&quot;
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugateMultiStem(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems, negation)
    local opts = deepCopy(baseOpts or {}, 'copy')
	opts.tense = tense

    if negation == 'negative' then
		opts.isNegative = true
	end
	
	opts.addPreverbParticles = 'na'
	
    presentStems = presentStems or {}
	pastStems = pastStems or {}
    
    local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy')
    if not infoTense then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;Unknown tense: ' .. tostring(tense) ..'&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    local stems = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStems or pastStems
	
    -- For each verb stem, its conjugation table is calculated and stored in conjTabs.
    local conjTabs = {}
    for i = 1, #stems do
		 local stem = stems[i]
        if stem then
            if (infoTense.stem == 'past') then
				opts.pastStem = stem
				
			elseif (infoTense.stem == 'present') then
				opts.presentStem = stem
				-- For the recognition of irregular verbs based on the past-stem part
				-- see: &quot;çûn&quot; û &quot;hatin&quot;
				opts.pastStem = pastStems[1]
			end

			local result = export.conjugate(opts)
			if result and result.conj then
				table.insert(conjTabs, result.conj)
			end
        end
    end

    -- We concatenate each row of the conjugation tables.
	local preverbParticles = deepCopy(export.getPreverbParticles(
		infoTense.preverbParticle, 
		infoTense.stem, 
		opts.isTransitive
	), 'copy')

    local concatConjTabs = {}
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local frag = {}
        for i = 1, #conjTabs do
            local val = conjTabs[i][pers]
            if val then
				table.insert(frag, tostring(val))
			end
        end
				
		frag = removeDuplicates(frag)
		if infoTense.preverbParticle then
	        concatConjTabs[pers] = preverbParticles[pers] .. ' '
								 .. table.concat(frag, ' — ')
		else
			concatConjTabs[pers] = table.concat(frag, ' — ')
		end
    end

    infoTense.conj = concatConjTabs
	
    return infoTense
end

-- ====================================================================================
--  VERB CONJUGATION IN ALL TENSES WITH OR WITHOUT PRONOUNS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, negation, concatPrs)
	-- &quot;concatPrs=false&quot; table without pronouns
	
    local opts = deepCopy(baseOpts or {}, 'copy')
    
    if negation == 'negative' then
		opts.isNegative = true
	end

    presentStems = presentStems or {}
    pastStems    = pastStems or {}

    -- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
	local concatPronomsVerbs = export.concatPronomsVerbs

    local tensesList = export.tensesList()

    -- Conjugation in all tenses
    local conjTab = {}

    for _, tense in ipairs(tensesList) do
        -- Conjugations without the pronouns
        local conjData = deepCopy(
            export.conjugateMultiStem(opts, tense, presentStems, pastStems),
            'copy'
        )
		
        -- We concatenate the pronouns and the verbs if &quot;concatPrs&quot; is different of &quot;false&quot;
		-- No pronouns for the imperative mood
        if tense ~= 'impPresent' and concatPrs ~= false then
            local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy')
            
            local pronoms = deepCopy(
                export.conjPronouns(infoTense.stem, infoTense.mode, opts.isTransitive)
            )
            
            conjData.conj = concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjData.conj)
        end

        conjTab[tense] = conjData
    end
	
    return conjTab
end

-- ====================================================================================
-- Allows you to obtain a given conjugation from a model.
-- Ex. {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=s1}}
-- See {{ku-tewîn-lk-niha}}
-- ====================================================================================
function export.tew(frame)
   local args = frame:getParent().args

    local baseOpts = {
        isNegative     = frame.args['neyînî'] or false,
        isTransitive   = args['form'],
        isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = args['pêşgir'] or nil,
        postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil,
		-- overridePreverb:
		presentBi = frame['nihaBi'] or nil,
		presentDi = frame['nihaDi'] or nil,
		pastBi    = frame['borîBi'] or nil,
		pastDi    = frame['borîDi'] or nil,
		sameBi    = frame['bi'] or nil,
		sameDi    = frame['di'] or nil,
		-- overrideNegPrefix:
		presentNa  = frame['na'] or nil,
		presentNe  = frame['nihaNe'] or nil,
		pastNe     = frame['borîNe'] or nil,
		sameNe     = frame['ne'] or nil,
		impMe      = frame['me'] or nil,
		
        impNegForm     = 1,
		tags           = args['lînk'] or 'erê',
		accent         = args['devok'] or 'std',
    }
	
	local tense        = frame.args['dem'] or nil
	local pers         = frame.args['kes'] or nil
    local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
    local pastStems    = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}

    -- A few checks
    if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = true
    elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = false
    else
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
    else
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
    end

    if (baseOpts.isNegative == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isNegative = true
    end

	local tabConj = export.conjugateMultiStem(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems).conj
	
    return tabConj[pers]
end

-- ====================================================================================
-- GET COMMMA SEPARED FORMS
-- Bnr. [[MediaWiki:Gadget-QQ.js]]
-- Ex. {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|get_comma_separated_forms|niha=kev|borî=ket}}
-- ====================================================================================
function export.get_comma_separated_forms(frame)
    local opts = {
        presentStem     = frame.args['niha'],
        pastStem        = frame.args['borî'],
        isTransitive    = false,
        isNegative      = false,
        isCompoundVerb  = frame['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb   = frame['pêşgir'] or '',
        postSimpleVerb  = frame['paşgir'] or '',
		-- overridePreverb:
		presentBi = frame['nihaBi'] or nil,
		presentDi = frame['nihaDi'] or nil,
		pastBi    = frame['borîBi'] or nil,
		pastDi    = frame['borîDi'] or nil,
		sameBi    = frame['bi'] or nil,
		sameDi    = frame['di'] or nil,
		-- overrideNegPrefix:
		presentNa  = frame['na'] or nil,
		presentNe  = frame['nihaNe'] or nil,
		pastNe     = frame['borîNe'] or nil,
		sameNe     = frame['ne'] or nil,
		impMe      = frame['me'] or nil,
		
        impNegForm     = 1,
		tags           = 'na', -- Remove links/tags
		addPreverbParticles = 'na' -- Remove preverb particles (ê/dê)
    }

   local function concateList(tenseList)
        local concatList = {}
        for _, pers in ipairs({&quot;s1&quot;, &quot;s2&quot;, &quot;s3&quot;, &quot;p1&quot;}) do
        	local tense = tenseList[pers]
            table.insert(concatList, tense)
        end

        return table.concat(concatList, &quot;,&quot;)
   end

   	local tenseList = {'indPresent','indPreterite','indImperfect',
                      'indPluperfect','indPerfect','indNwPluperfect',
                      'indFuture','indFuturePerfect',
                      'subjImperfect','subjPluperfect'
                    }
                    
    local concatAllTense = {}
    
    for  i = 1, #tenseList do
        local tense = tenseList[i]
        if export.tenseRules[tense] then
            opts.tense = tense
            local conj = shallowCopy(export.conjugate(opts).conj)
            local concatTense = concateList(conj)
            table.insert(concatAllTense, concatTense)
        end
    end
    
    return table.concat(concatAllTense, &quot;,&quot;)
end

return export</text>
      <sha1>9nw43mradg7rycypwqkbv3xu9b8go8z</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>628615</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237715</id>
      <parentid>6237501</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-15T02:10:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>6237715</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="7299" sha1="7k48pkbp4uoz5ai2x41b9pwk6o88o0n" xml:space="preserve">local export = {}

local conj = require('Modul:ku-tewandin')
local lang = mw.getContentLanguage()

function export.tablo(frame)
    local args = frame:getParent().args

    local baseOpts = {
        isTransitive   = args['form'],
        isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = args['pêşgir'] or '',
        postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or '',
		accent         = args['devok'] or 'std',
		-- overridePreverb:
		presentBi      = args['nihaBi'] or nil,
		presentDi      = args['nihaDi'] or nil,
		pastBi         = args['borîBi'] or nil,
		pastDi         = args['borîDi'] or nil,
		sameBi         = args['bi'] or nil,
		sameDi         = args['di'] or nil,
		-- overrideNegPrefix:
		presentNa      = args['na'] or nil,
		presentNe      = args['nihaNe'] or nil,
		pastNe         = args['borîNe'] or nil,
		sameNe         = args['ne'] or nil,
		impMe          = args['me'] or nil,
		
        -- impNegForm     = 1, -- By default negative form with 'me' (1).
		-- tags           = 'erê',
		-- addPreverbParticles = 'erê',
    }
	
    local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
    local pastStems    = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}
	
    if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = true
    elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = false
    else
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;form = gerghuhêz / negerguhêz&lt;/span&gt;'
    end
	
    if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
    else
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
    end

    -- Conjugation table in all tenses
    local infoTense = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems)
    -- Negatives conjugations table
    local negInfoTense = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, 'negative')
	-- Imperatrive form '2'; negative form with 'ne'
	baseOpts.impNegForm = 2
	local impNegForm2 = conj.conjugateMultiStem(baseOpts, 'impPresent', presentStems, pastStems, 'negative').conj

	-- Creation of internal conjugation tables for the different tenses
    local function conjugateTable(tense)
		local nameKu = lang:ucfirst(infoTense[tense].nameKu) -- Kurdish name
		local nameEn = lang:ucfirst(infoTense[tense].nameEn) -- English name
		local idName = infoTense[tense].name -- 'tenseRules' name (indPresent, ...)
		local classStem = infoTense[tense].stem -- 'present' or 'past'
		
		-- First, create the table header.
		local tabHeader = '\n! colspan=&quot;2&quot; id=&quot;' .. idName .. '&quot;'
			.. 'class=&quot;' .. classStem .. '-stem tense-table-title&quot; |'
			.. nameKu .. ' - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;-{'.. nameEn ..'}-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
			.. '\n|-'
			.. '\n! class=&quot;negative&quot; | Erênî'
			.. '\n! class=&quot;positive&quot; | Neyînî'
			.. '\n|-'
		
		-- Create the table body.		
        local tabBody = ''
        for _, pers in ipairs(conj.order) do
            tabBody = tabBody .. '\n|' .. infoTense[tense].conj[pers]
                              .. '\n|' .. negInfoTense[tense].conj[pers]
                              .. '\n|-'
        end
		
		-- Create the table (header + body).	
		local tab = '\n{| cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;tense-table&quot;' 
					.. '\n|-'
		            .. tabHeader
		            .. tabBody
		       .. '\n|}'
        return tab
    end

	--Retrieving some parameters for creating the main table header
	local verb = args[1]
    local transitivity = args['form']
    local preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or ''
    local postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or ''
	
	-- Cureyê lêkerê
	local verbStruc =  conj.verbStruct(baseOpts.isCompoundVerb, baseOpts.preSimpleVerb)
	if (verbStruc == 'preverbVerb') then
		verbStruc = 'pêkhatî'
	elseif (verbStruc == 'compoundVerb') then
		verbStruc = 'hevedudanî'
	else
		verbStruc = 'xwerû'
	end

	local prsStemsFormat = {}
	for _, stem in ipairs(presentStems) do
	    if stem then prsStemsFormat[#prsStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
	end
	local pstStemsFormat = {}
	for _, stem in ipairs(pastStems) do
	    if stem then pstStemsFormat[#pstStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
	end
	local prsStems = table.concat(prsStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb
	local pstStems = table.concat(pstStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb


   return
'{| align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;conj-table&quot;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; class=&quot;title&quot; | Tewandina lêkera [[' .. verb .. ']]&lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;(' .. verbStruc .. ', ' .. transitivity .. ')&lt;/span&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;present-stem&quot; | Rehê dema niha'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal; text-align:center; border-bottom:dotted 1px grey;&quot; | ' .. prsStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;past-stem&quot; | Rehê dema borî'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;&quot; | ' .. pstStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;imp&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya fermanî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Imperative&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' 
	.. '\n{| cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;tense-table&quot;'
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;present-stem&quot; style=&quot;border-top:1px dotted grey; border-bottom:1px dotted grey&quot;| '
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n! class=&quot;negative&quot; | Erênî'
		.. '\n! class=&quot;positive&quot; | Neyînî'
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n| valign=&quot;top&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(tû)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. infoTense.impPresent.conj.s2
		.. '\n| valign=&quot;top&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(tû)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. negInfoTense.impPresent.conj.s2
	                  .. '&lt;br&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(tû)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. impNegForm2.s2
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n| valign=&quot;top&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(hûn)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. infoTense.impPresent.conj.p2
		.. '\n| valign=&quot;top&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(hûn)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. negInfoTense.impPresent.conj.p2
	                  .. '&lt;br&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(hûn)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. impNegForm2.p2
	..'\n|}'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;ind&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya pêşkerî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Indicative&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPresent')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPreterite')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indImperfect')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuture')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuturePerfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPerfect')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indNwPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;subj&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya xwestekî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Subjunctive&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPresent')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPreterite')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjImperfect')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;cond&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya mercî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conditional&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('condPresent')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('condPreterite')
.. '\n|}'
end

return export</text>
      <sha1>7k48pkbp4uoz5ai2x41b9pwk6o88o0n</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gotûbêja modulê:ku-tewandin</title>
    <ns>829</ns>
    <id>628996</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237708</id>
      <parentid>6237278</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-14T22:12:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ferhengvan</username>
        <id>16</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Paşgirên lêkeran di kurmanciya rojhilatî de */ Bersiv</comment>
      <origin>6237708</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7707" sha1="t1d3q8oks326t6oh6bgy9660d7x0rda" xml:space="preserve">{{arşîvkirin|1=
* [[Gotûbêja modulê:ku-tewandin/arşîv 1|Arşîv 1]]
}}

== Ergatîvî ==
; Lêkera ''[[Tewandin:kirin#indPreterite|kirin]]'' (dema borî):

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ {{reng2|green|Biker}} + Berkar {{nobold|(bireser/obje)}} + lêkera tewandî
|-
! {{reng2|green|Biker}} \ Berkar !! ez !! tu !! ew/– !! em !! hûn !! ew
|-
! {{reng2|green|min}}
| &lt;u&gt;xwe&lt;/u&gt; kirim || kirî || style=&quot;background-color:#FFF9E0&quot;| kir || kirin || kirin || kirin
|-
! {{reng2|green|te}}
| kirim || &lt;u&gt;xwe&lt;/u&gt; kirî || style=&quot;background-color:#FFF9E0&quot;| kir || kirin || kirin || kirin
|-
! {{reng2|green|wê/wî}}
| kirim || kirî || style=&quot;background-color:#FFF9E0&quot;| &lt;u&gt;xwe&lt;/u&gt;/– kir || kirin || kirin || kirin
|-
! {{reng2|green|me}}
| kirim || kirî || style=&quot;background-color:#FFF9E0&quot;| kir || &lt;u&gt;xwe&lt;/u&gt; kirin || kirin || kirin
|-
! {{reng2|green|we}}
| kirim || kirî || style=&quot;background-color:#FFF9E0&quot;| kir || kirin || &lt;u&gt;xwe&lt;/u&gt; kirin || kirin
|-
! {{reng2|green|wan}}
| kirim || kirî || style=&quot;background-color:#FFF9E0&quot;| kir || kirin || kirin || &lt;u&gt;xwe&lt;/u&gt; kirin
|}

* &lt;u&gt;Xwandina tabloyê&lt;/u&gt; ({{reng2|green|Bik.}} + '''Berk.''' + ''L''):
*:stûn1 ('''Berk.'''=ez): {{reng2|green|min}} '''ez''' &lt;u&gt;xwe&lt;/u&gt; kirim; {{reng2|green|te}} '''ez''' kirim; {{reng2|green|wê/wî}} '''ez''' kirim; {{reng2|green|me}} '''ez''' kirim; {{reng2|green|we}} '''ez''' kirim; {{reng2|green|hûn}} '''ez''' kirim
*:stûn2 ('''Berk.'''=tu): {{reng2|green|min}} '''tu''' kirî; {{reng2|green|te}} '''tu''' &lt;u&gt;xwe&lt;/u&gt; kirî; {{reng2|green|wê/wî}} '''tu''' kirî; {{reng2|green|me}} '''tu''' kirî; ...
*:stûn3 ('''Berk.'''=ew/–): {{reng2|green|min}} '''(ew)''' kir; {{reng2|green|te}} '''(ew)''' kir; {{reng2|green|wê/wî}} '''(ew &lt;u&gt;xwe&lt;/u&gt;)''' kir; {{reng2|green|me}} '''(ew)''' kir; ...
*: ...

Silav, em tewandinên lêkerên gerguhêz wekî tabloya jor tevlî Tabloya tewandinê ([[Tewandin:kirin]]) bikin? {{ping|Ferhengvan|Bikarhêner|Keyomerd}} [[Bikarhêner:Ghybu|Ghybu]] ([[Gotûbêja bikarhêner:Ghybu|gotûbêj]]) 23:21, 11 gulan 2026 (UTC)

:Ê min ket serê min. Lê min beşên ko &quot;xwe&quot; dihewînin fam nekir. Divê bo nimûne &quot;min xwe kir&quot; be, an jî &quot;min ez kirim&quot; be lê jixwe tiştekî werê jî tune ye. [[Bikarhêner:Keyomerd|Keyomerd]] ([[Gotûbêja bikarhêner:Keyomerd|gotûbêj]]) 08:36, 12 gulan 2026 (UTC)
::Bi vî awayî?

{| cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot; border-collapse:collapse;&quot; align=center
|+ {{{ser|}}}
|-style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px grey; border-top:solid 1px grey;&quot;
!id=&quot;11&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=#FFFFE0|[[Pêvek:Rastnivîsî/Lêker/Dema niha|Dema niha]] - &lt;small&gt;''Present''&lt;/small&gt;
!colspan=&quot;4&quot; bgcolor=#ececff|[[Pêvek:Rastnivîsî/Lêker/Dema borî ya sade|Raboriya sade]] - &lt;small&gt;''Preterite''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Dema boriya têdeyî&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|bgcolor=#F4F4F4|Erênî
|bgcolor=#F4F4F4|Neyînî
|bgcolor=#e9e9e9|{{reng2|green|Biker}}
|bgcolor=#e9e9e9|{{reng2|blue|Berkar}}
|bgcolor=#F4F4F4|Erênî
|bgcolor=#F4F4F4|Neyînî
|-
|ez dikim
|ez '''na'''kim
|{{reng2|green|te, wî/wê, we, wan}}
|{{reng2|blue|ez}}
|kirim
|'''ne'''kirim
|-
|tu dikî
|tu '''na'''kî
|{{reng2|green|min, wî/wê, me, wan}}
|{{reng2|blue|tu}}
|kirî
|'''ne'''kirî
|-
|ew dike
|ew '''na'''ke
|{{reng2|green|min, te, wî/wê, me, we, wan}}
|{{reng2|blue|ew}}
|kir
|'''ne'''kir
|-
|em dikin
|em '''na'''kin
|{{reng2|green|te, wî/wê, we, wan}}
|{{reng2|blue|em}}
|kirin
|'''ne'''kirin
|-
|hûn dikin
|hûn '''na'''kin
|{{reng2|green|min, wî/wê, me, wan}}
|{{reng2|blue|hûn}}
|kirin
|'''ne'''kirin
|-
|ew dikin
|ew '''na'''kin
|{{reng2|green|min, te, wî/wê, me, we, wan}}
|{{reng2|blue|ew}}
|kirin
|'''ne'''kirin
|}
::--[[Bikarhêner:Ghybu|Ghybu]] ([[Gotûbêja bikarhêner:Ghybu|gotûbêj]]) 15:26, 20 gulan 2026 (UTC)
:::{{silav|Bikarhêner}}. Tu dikarî van rûpelan çêkî:
:::* [//ku.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Bikarh%C3%AAner:Ghybu/common.js&amp;oldid=6236001] → tevlî [[MediaWiki:Gadget-kuTewandin.js]] bike
:::* &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;Stûna bikerê (bireser/obje) di [[Şablon:ku-tewandin|tabloya tewandinê]] de berfire dike.&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; → [[MediaWiki:Gadget-kuTewandin]]
:::* &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;* kuTewandin[ResourceLoader|default]|kuTewandin.js&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; → tevlî beşa &quot;Rû&quot; ([[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition#Rû]]) bike.
:::* '''Encam''': [[Wîkîferheng:ceribandin]] / herwiha rûyê mobîlê û moda tarî jî hatin guherandin...
:::Spas! [[Bikarhêner:Ghybu|Ghybu]] ([[Gotûbêja bikarhêner:Ghybu|gotûbêj]]) 19:25, 24 gulan 2026 (UTC)
::::Çêbû? -- [[Bikarhêner:Bikarhêner|Bikarhêner]] ([[Gotûbêja bikarhêner:Bikarhêner|gotûbêj]]) 09:25, 25 gulan 2026 (UTC)
:::::Vêga çêbû? -- [[Bikarhêner:Bikarhêner|Bikarhêner]] ([[Gotûbêja bikarhêner:Bikarhêner|gotûbêj]]) 17:54, 25 gulan 2026 (UTC)
::::::{{çêbû}} Spas! [[Bikarhêner:Ghybu|Ghybu]] ([[Gotûbêja bikarhêner:Ghybu|gotûbêj]]) 19:50, 25 gulan 2026 (UTC)
:::::::Yên din (her dukên pêşîyê, eger bêkêr bin) jê bibim? -- [[Bikarhêner:Bikarhêner|Bikarhêner]] ([[Gotûbêja bikarhêner:Bikarhêner|gotûbêj]]) 22:24, 25 gulan 2026 (UTC)
::::::::Erê, jê bibe. Spas! [[Bikarhêner:Ghybu|Ghybu]] ([[Gotûbêja bikarhêner:Ghybu|gotûbêj]]) 21:41, 26 gulan 2026 (UTC)

== Paşgirên lêkeran di kurmanciya rojhilatî de ==
:→ ''Binêre: [[Gotûbêja_modulê:ku-tewandin/arşîv_1#Paşgirên_lêkeran_di_kurmanciya_rojhilatî_de|Paşgirên_lêkeran_di_kurmanciya_rojhilatî_de]]''

{{silav|Ferhengvan}}. Min paşgirên lêkeran çêkirin (kod li [[Modul:ku-tewandin#L-132|'''vira''']] ye / [[Modul:ku-tewandin#L-290|kod]]) feqet kontrol kirin hewce ye, bnr. [[Tewandin:kirin/test]] û [[Tewandin:xistin/test]].&lt;br&gt;Min hemû paşgirên demên niha guherand: ''[[Tewandin:kirin/test#indPresent|'''indPresent''']], [[Tewandin:kirin/test#indFuture|'''indFuture''']], [[Tewandin:kirin/test#subjPresent|'''subjPresent''']], [[Tewandin:kirin/test#imp|'''imperative''']]''

Çend pirsên min hene:
# Tenê dema hiha û dema bê tên guherandin an jî hemû (''indPresent, indFuture, subjPresent, imperative'') 
# Di devoka rojhilatê de raweya fermanî çito tê çêkirin wekî  dema bê (kesê 3em)?&lt;br&gt; Di forma neyînî de kijan paşgir tê bikaranîn '''[[me-]]''' an '''[[ne-]]''' ?
# Paşgirên rojhilatî ji bo hemû rehan werin çêkirin an jî tenê yên ku di wê devokê de tên bikaranîn ? Niha bi parametreya {{param2|devok|rojhilatî}} tê çêkirin.
# Paşgirên demên borî?
[[Bikarhêner:Ghybu|Ghybu]] ([[Gotûbêja bikarhêner:Ghybu|gotûbêj]]) 00:22, 8 hezîran 2026 (UTC)

:Silav! Gelek spas. Di devokên kurmanciya rojhilatî de:
:1. Guherandin di dema indPresent, indFuture, subjPresent de hene. 
:2. Imperatîv wek ya standard e: bike! bikin! 
:3. Paşgira neyînîkirina împeratîvê &quot;ne-&quot; ye: neke! nekin!
:4. Mebesta te ew peyv in ku di kurmanciya rojhilatî de nayên bikaraîn? Eger ew be, bi nêrîna min divê em tenê ji wan lêkeran re çêkin ku bi rastî di kurmanciya rojhilatî de hene. Bo nimûne, lêkera &quot;karîn/kanîn&quot; di devokên kurmanciya rojhilatî de nîne lome nabe ku em li ber &quot;karîn&quot;ê &quot;formên rojhilatî&quot; bidin çunkî di pratîkê de formên wisa peyda nabin.
:4. Paşgirên de borî:
:- dema borî ya sade, atematîk: ez hat-im, tu hat-î, ew hat, em hat-în, hûn hat-in, ew hat-in
:- dema borî ya sade, tematîk: ez çû-m, tu çû-y (ne wek standard: çû-yî), ew çû, em çû-yn, hûn çû-n, ew çû-n
:- dema borî ya dûdar: varyanteke wek ya standard tê bikaranîn (hin varyantên din jî hene)
:- dema borî ya dûr: varyanteke wek ya standard tê bikaranîn (hin varyantên din jî hene) [[Bikarhêner:Ferhengvan|Ferhengvan]] ([[Gotûbêja bikarhêner:Ferhengvan|gotûbêj]]) 22:12, 14 hezîran 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>t1d3q8oks326t6oh6bgy9660d7x0rda</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo/ceribandin</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>1325207</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237721</id>
      <parentid>6237499</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-15T02:34:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>6237721</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="7299" sha1="7k48pkbp4uoz5ai2x41b9pwk6o88o0n" xml:space="preserve">local export = {}

local conj = require('Modul:ku-tewandin')
local lang = mw.getContentLanguage()

function export.tablo(frame)
    local args = frame:getParent().args

    local baseOpts = {
        isTransitive   = args['form'],
        isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = args['pêşgir'] or '',
        postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or '',
		accent         = args['devok'] or 'std',
		-- overridePreverb:
		presentBi      = args['nihaBi'] or nil,
		presentDi      = args['nihaDi'] or nil,
		pastBi         = args['borîBi'] or nil,
		pastDi         = args['borîDi'] or nil,
		sameBi         = args['bi'] or nil,
		sameDi         = args['di'] or nil,
		-- overrideNegPrefix:
		presentNa      = args['na'] or nil,
		presentNe      = args['nihaNe'] or nil,
		pastNe         = args['borîNe'] or nil,
		sameNe         = args['ne'] or nil,
		impMe          = args['me'] or nil,
		
        -- impNegForm     = 1, -- By default negative form with 'me' (1).
		-- tags           = 'erê',
		-- addPreverbParticles = 'erê',
    }
	
    local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
    local pastStems    = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}
	
    if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = true
    elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = false
    else
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;form = gerghuhêz / negerguhêz&lt;/span&gt;'
    end
	
    if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
    else
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
    end

    -- Conjugation table in all tenses
    local infoTense = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems)
    -- Negatives conjugations table
    local negInfoTense = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, 'negative')
	-- Imperatrive form '2'; negative form with 'ne'
	baseOpts.impNegForm = 2
	local impNegForm2 = conj.conjugateMultiStem(baseOpts, 'impPresent', presentStems, pastStems, 'negative').conj

	-- Creation of internal conjugation tables for the different tenses
    local function conjugateTable(tense)
		local nameKu = lang:ucfirst(infoTense[tense].nameKu) -- Kurdish name
		local nameEn = lang:ucfirst(infoTense[tense].nameEn) -- English name
		local idName = infoTense[tense].name -- 'tenseRules' name (indPresent, ...)
		local classStem = infoTense[tense].stem -- 'present' or 'past'
		
		-- First, create the table header.
		local tabHeader = '\n! colspan=&quot;2&quot; id=&quot;' .. idName .. '&quot;'
			.. 'class=&quot;' .. classStem .. '-stem tense-table-title&quot; |'
			.. nameKu .. ' - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;-{'.. nameEn ..'}-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
			.. '\n|-'
			.. '\n! class=&quot;negative&quot; | Erênî'
			.. '\n! class=&quot;positive&quot; | Neyînî'
			.. '\n|-'
		
		-- Create the table body.		
        local tabBody = ''
        for _, pers in ipairs(conj.order) do
            tabBody = tabBody .. '\n|' .. infoTense[tense].conj[pers]
                              .. '\n|' .. negInfoTense[tense].conj[pers]
                              .. '\n|-'
        end
		
		-- Create the table (header + body).	
		local tab = '\n{| cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;tense-table&quot;' 
					.. '\n|-'
		            .. tabHeader
		            .. tabBody
		       .. '\n|}'
        return tab
    end

	--Retrieving some parameters for creating the main table header
	local verb = args[1]
    local transitivity = args['form']
    local preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or ''
    local postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or ''
	
	-- Cureyê lêkerê
	local verbStruc =  conj.verbStruct(baseOpts.isCompoundVerb, baseOpts.preSimpleVerb)
	if (verbStruc == 'preverbVerb') then
		verbStruc = 'pêkhatî'
	elseif (verbStruc == 'compoundVerb') then
		verbStruc = 'hevedudanî'
	else
		verbStruc = 'xwerû'
	end

	local prsStemsFormat = {}
	for _, stem in ipairs(presentStems) do
	    if stem then prsStemsFormat[#prsStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
	end
	local pstStemsFormat = {}
	for _, stem in ipairs(pastStems) do
	    if stem then pstStemsFormat[#pstStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
	end
	local prsStems = table.concat(prsStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb
	local pstStems = table.concat(pstStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb


   return
'{| align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;conj-table&quot;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; class=&quot;title&quot; | Tewandina lêkera [[' .. verb .. ']]&lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;(' .. verbStruc .. ', ' .. transitivity .. ')&lt;/span&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;present-stem&quot; | Rehê dema niha'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal; text-align:center; border-bottom:dotted 1px grey;&quot; | ' .. prsStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;past-stem&quot; | Rehê dema borî'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;&quot; | ' .. pstStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;imp&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya fermanî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Imperative&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' 
	.. '\n{| cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;tense-table&quot;'
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;present-stem&quot; style=&quot;border-top:1px dotted grey; border-bottom:1px dotted grey&quot;| '
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n! class=&quot;negative&quot; | Erênî'
		.. '\n! class=&quot;positive&quot; | Neyînî'
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n| valign=&quot;top&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(tû)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. infoTense.impPresent.conj.s2
		.. '\n| valign=&quot;top&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(tû)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. negInfoTense.impPresent.conj.s2
	                  .. '&lt;br&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(tû)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. impNegForm2.s2
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n| valign=&quot;top&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(hûn)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. infoTense.impPresent.conj.p2
		.. '\n| valign=&quot;top&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(hûn)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. negInfoTense.impPresent.conj.p2
	                  .. '&lt;br&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(hûn)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. impNegForm2.p2
	..'\n|}'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;ind&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya pêşkerî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Indicative&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPresent')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPreterite')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indImperfect')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuture')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuturePerfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPerfect')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indNwPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;subj&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya xwestekî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Subjunctive&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPresent')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPreterite')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjImperfect')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;cond&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya mercî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conditional&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('condPresent')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('condPreterite')
.. '\n|}'
end

return export</text>
      <sha1>7k48pkbp4uoz5ai2x41b9pwk6o88o0n</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Modul:ku-tewandin/ceribandin</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>1356654</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237713</id>
      <parentid>6237503</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-15T00:33:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>6237713</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="46616" sha1="rvwjyj9e7t53tav206e82nij1z4oy0o" xml:space="preserve">-- Modula tewandina lêkerên kurmancî

local export = {}

-- Load irregular forms table
-- local irreg = require('Module:ku-tewandin/nestandard')
local langKu = require(&quot;Modul:languages&quot;).getByCode(&quot;ku&quot;)
local link = require('Module:links').language_link
local shallowCopy = require(&quot;Module:table/shallowCopy&quot;)
local deepCopy = require(&quot;Module:table/deepCopy&quot;)

local gsub = mw.ustring.gsub
local find = mw.ustring.find

-- =============================================================================
-- Pronouns in Kurmanji
-- =============================================================================
export.order = {&quot;s1&quot;, &quot;s2&quot;, &quot;s3&quot;, &quot;p1&quot;, &quot;p2&quot;, &quot;p3&quot;}

export.pronouns = {
    s1 = &quot;ez&quot;,    p1 = &quot;em&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;tu&quot;,    p2 = &quot;hûn&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;ew&quot;,    p3 = &quot;ew&quot;
}

export.obliquePronouns = {
    s1 = &quot;min&quot;,      p1 = &quot;me&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;te&quot;,       p2 = &quot;we&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;wê/wî&quot;,    p3 = &quot;wan&quot;
}

export.agents = {
    s1 = &quot;te, wî, wê, we, wan&quot;,            p1 = &quot;te, wî, wê, we, wan&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;min, wî, wê, me, wan&quot;,           p2 = &quot;min, wî, wê, me, wan&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;min, te, wî, wê, me, we, wan&quot;,   p3 = &quot;min, te, wî, wê, me, we, wan&quot;
}

-- Oblique pronoun (green) 
export.obliquePronounsGreen = {
    s1 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;min&lt;/span&gt;',
    s2 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;te&lt;/span&gt;',
    s3 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;wê/wî&lt;/span&gt;',
    p1 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;me&lt;/span&gt;',
    p2 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;we&lt;/span&gt;',
    p3 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;wan&lt;/span&gt;'
}

-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- 1) This function returns correct subject/agent pronoun, ergativity rule:
--   - Transitive verbs in past tenses → oblique pronoun (green) = agent
--   - All other cases                 → direct pronoun (no color) = subject
-- 2) Also add the subjunctive prefix &quot;(bila)&quot;
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
function export.conjPronouns(stemType, mode, isTransitive)
    local pronouns = shallowCopy(export.pronouns)

    -- Ergativity in kurdish: transitive verbs that are conjugated with the past tense stem are
    -- conjugated according to the object, not the subject.
    -- Therefore, to have an ergative construction,
    -- the verb must be transitive and its stem must be the stem of the past tense.
    local isErgative = isTransitive and (stemType == 'past')

    -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: &quot;min&quot;, &quot;te&quot;, ...
    -- If it's not ergative, we use normal pronouns: &quot;ez&quot;, &quot;tu&quot;, ...
    if isErgative then
        pronouns = shallowCopy(export.obliquePronounsGreen)
    end

    -- For the subjunctive mood, we add &quot;(bila)&quot; at the beginning.
    if mode == 'subjunctive' then
    	local subjPrefix = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(bila)&lt;/span&gt;'
        for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
            pronouns[pers] = subjPrefix .. ' ' .. pronouns[pers]
        end
    end
    return pronouns
end

-- =============================================================================
-- VERBAL STRUCTURE IN THE INFINITIVE:
-- Verbs in the infinitive appear in three main forms:
--  1) Simple verb (indivisible light verb):
--       - ex.:  &quot;kirin&quot;, &quot;çûn&quot;, &quot;xwarin&quot;, ...
--  2) Verbs with preverbs (preverb + simple verb):
--       - ex.: &quot;rakirin&quot; (ra- + kirin), &quot;çêkirin&quot; (çê- + kirin), &quot;vexwarin&quot; (ve- + xwarin), ...
--       - Preverb verbs don't use the prefix &quot;bi-&quot; (ez ê rakim , ew ê rake , ...)
--  3) Compound verbs, construction with non-verbal element (the noun is not attached to the verb):
--       - Left of the simple verb: &quot;hez kirin&quot; (&quot;hez&quot; + &quot;kirin&quot;), &quot;li dar xistin&quot; (&quot;li dar&quot; + &quot;xistin&quot;), ...
--       - Right of the simple verb: &quot;kirin der&quot; (&quot;kirin&quot; + &quot;der&quot;), &quot;girtin ser xwe&quot; (&quot;girtin&quot; + &quot;ser xwe&quot;), ...
--       - Compound verbs use the prefix &quot;bi-&quot; (ez ê hez bi-kim , ew ê hez bi-ke )

-- STRUCTURE:  preSimpleVerb + spacing + simpleVerb + postSimpleVerb
-- EX.     kirin: preSimpleVerb='';    spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--       rakirin: preSimpleVerb='ra';  spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--     hez kirin: preSimpleVerb='hez'; spacing=true;  simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--       pev çûn: preSimpleVerb='pev'; spacing=true;  simpleVerb='çûn';   postSimpleVerb=''
--     kirin der: preSimpleVerb='';    spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='der'

-- WARNING: Conjugation can vary depending on the type of verb.
-- For example, in the future tense,the prefix &quot;bi&quot; is used for compound verbs,
-- but not for preverbal verbs, see the function that manages it  &quot;tenseRules&quot; table.
-- This table does not yet support the mixed case: a verb composed of a noun and a preverb verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
    local struct

    if (preSimpleVerb and preSimpleVerb ~= '' and not isCompoundVerb) then
        struct = 'preverbVerb'
    elseif isCompoundVerb then
        struct = 'compoundVerb'
    else
        struct = 'simpleVerb'
    end

    return struct
end

-- ================================================================
-- INFLECTIONAL ENDINGS
-- Assigns verb inflectional endings (suffixes) to all tenses
-- ================================================================
local getEndings = {}

do
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ending using present stem
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['present'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends = {}
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends['std'] = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
            ends['rojhilatî'] = {s1='m', s2='(y)', s3='t', p1='yn', p2='n', p3='n'}
        else
            ends['std'] = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='e', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
			ends['rojhilatî'] = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='&lt;u&gt;it&lt;/u&gt;/ît', p1='în', p2='in', p3='in'}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ind. preterite + ind. imperfect ending
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['past'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
		local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiouû]$') then
            ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then
           -- if self.name == 'indImperfect' then
           --     -- special indicative ind. imperfect rule
           --     ends = {s1='yam', s2='yayî', s3='ya', p1='yan', p2='yan', p3='yan'}
           -- end
            ends = {s1='m', s2='', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        else
            ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Compound endings with auxiliary &quot;bûn&quot;
    -- Inflectional endings are created by taking the different forms of the
    -- verb &quot;bûn&quot; (with present stem &quot;-b-&quot; and past stem &quot;-bû-&quot;) and
    -- adding an &quot;i-&quot; prefix before them: &quot;i-b-im&quot;, &quot;i-bû-m&quot;, &quot;i-bû-me&quot;, &quot;i-bû-ma&quot;.
    -- This &quot;i-&quot; varies according to the final letter of the verb stem.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    local function normalize_i(stem)
        local prfx_i = &quot;i&quot;
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, &quot;ya$&quot;) or
           mw.ustring.match(stem, &quot;[îû]$&quot;) then -- cf. karîn (-karî-)
           	prfx_i = &quot;&quot;
        elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiou]$') then
            prfx_i = &quot;yi&quot;
        end
        return prfx_i
    end

    getEndings['ibim'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bim&quot;,   p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;be&quot;,    p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûm'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûm&quot;,     p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bû&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûme'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûme&quot;,      p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyiye&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûye&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûma'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûma&quot;,      p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyayî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûya&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;
        }
    end
    
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ind. perfect ending.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['ime'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends

        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;me&quot;, s2=&quot;yî&quot;, s3=&quot;ye&quot;, p1=&quot;ne&quot;, p2=&quot;ne&quot;, p3=&quot;ne&quot;}
        else
            ends = {s1=&quot;ime&quot;, s2=&quot;iyî&quot;, s3=&quot;iye&quot;, p1=&quot;ine&quot;, p2=&quot;ine&quot;, p3=&quot;ine&quot;}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Subj. Imperfect ending.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['ama'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends

        -- The doublet in &quot;-iyan&quot; of verbs in -&quot;în&quot; (gerîn/-geriya-, kenîn/-keniya-, ...),
        -- in the conditional and subjunctive moods, a doublet &quot;yaya&quot; appears; it's removed.
        -- -yayayî → -yayî; -yaya → -ya
		if mw.ustring.match(stem, '(ya)$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;ma&quot;, s2=&quot;yî&quot;, s3=&quot;&quot;, p1=&quot;na&quot;, p2=&quot;na&quot;, p3=&quot;na&quot;}
		elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;ma&quot;, s2=&quot;yayî&quot;, s3=&quot;ya&quot;, p1=&quot;na&quot;, p2=&quot;na&quot;, p3=&quot;na&quot;}
        else
            ends = {s1=&quot;ama&quot;, s2=&quot;ayî&quot;, s3=&quot;a&quot;, p1=&quot;ana&quot;, p2=&quot;ana&quot;, p3=&quot;ana&quot;}
        end
        return ends
    end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR PREVERBS: &quot;bi-&quot; and &quot;di-&quot;
-- There are two preverbs: &quot;bi-&quot; and &quot;di-&quot;. These preverbs can change form
-- depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getPreverb = {}

do
	getPreverb['bi'] = function (self, opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local verbStruct = opts.verbStruct
	    local overridePreverb = opts.overridePreverb
		local accent     = opts.accent

		-- Devoka rojhilatî:
		-- @Ferhengvan: Dema bêt bi lêkera alîkar &quot;ê / dê&quot; û bi rehê lêkerê yê
		-- dema niha û pêşgirên kesî tê çêkirin. Pêşgira &quot;bi-&quot; li destpêka lêkera
		-- serekî nîne: - ez ê / dê xw-im (standard: ez ê/dê bi-xw-im).
		if (self.name == 'indFuture' and accent == 'rojhilatî') then
			return ''
		end
	
	    -- Preverb verbs don't use the preverb &quot;bi-&quot;: ra-kirin (ez ê rakim), ve-xwarin (ez ê vexwim) , ...
	    -- But compound verb and simple verbs use it: hez kirin (ez ê hez bi-kim), lê bigirin (ez ê lê bi-girim), ...
	    if (verbStruct == 'preverbVerb') then
	        return ''
	    end
	
		-- If the preverb &quot;bi-&quot; is provided.
		if (self.stem == 'present' and overridePreverb.presentBi) then
			return overridePreverb.presentBi
		elseif (self.stem == 'past' and overridePreverb.pastBi) then
			return overridePreverb.pastBi
		elseif overridePreverb.sameBi then
			return overridePreverb.sameBi
		end
	
	    -- Modification of the preverbe &quot;bi-&quot; according to the last letter of the stem.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[aeêiîouû]') then
	        return 'b'
	    end
	
	    return 'bi'
	end

	getPreverb['di'] = function (self, opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local overridePreverb = opts.overridePreverb
	
		-- If the preverb &quot;di&quot; is provided.
		if (self.stem == 'present' and overridePreverb.presentDi) then
			return overridePreverb.presentDi
		elseif (self.stem == 'past' and overridePreverb.pastDi) then
			return overridePreverb.pastDi
		elseif overridePreverb.sameDi then
			return overridePreverb.sameDi
		end
	
	    -- Modification of the preverbe &quot;di-&quot; according to the last letter of the stem.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[ai]') then
	        return 'd'
	    end
	    -- Ex. hatin : stem = -ê- // ez têm
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[êî]') then
	        return 't'
	    end
	
	    return 'di'
	end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR NEGATION PREFIXES: &quot;na-&quot; and &quot;ne-&quot;
-- There are two negation prefixes: &quot;na-&quot; and &quot;ne-&quot;. These preverbs can change
-- form depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getNegPrefix = {}

do
	getNegPrefix['na'] = function (self, opts)
		-- self: reserved for future use
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local overrideNa = opts.overrideNegPrefix.presentNa
	
	    if overrideNa then return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNa .. '&lt;/b&gt;' end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] end
	
	    -- Add sufix &quot;-y&quot; before certain vowels.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;nay&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	    -- Elision before stems beginning with &quot;a-&quot; (removal of the final &quot;-e&quot;).
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;n&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    -- Tîpa duyem &quot;-a-&quot; ye (k-a-rîn, z-a-nîn, ...)
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^%wa') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;ni&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    return '&lt;b&gt;na&lt;/b&gt;'
	end

	getNegPrefix['ne'] = function (self, opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local tenseName = self.name
	    local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm -- form &quot;1&quot; or &quot;2&quot; of imp.
		local overrideNegPrefix = opts.overrideNegPrefix

        local negPrefix = 'ne'

		-- Bo neyînî: pêşgira &quot;di-&quot; tenê di nav dema &quot;indImperfect&quot; de tê bikaranîn.
		-- ji ber vê yekê 'negPrefix' hertim (?) 'ne' ye ji ber ku dikeve pêş 
		-- pêşgira &quot;di-&quot;: wê/wî ne-di-elimand (elimandin)
	    if (tenseName == 'indImperfect') then
	         return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end

		-- Override		
		if (overrideNegPrefix.impMe or overrideNegPrefix.presentNe
									or overrideNegPrefix.pastNe
				                    or overrideNegPrefix.sameNe) then
			-- Ovverride imp.
			if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then
				if (impNegForm == 1 and overrideNegPrefix.impMe) then
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNegPrefix.impMe .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
				elseif (impNegForm == 1 and overrideNegPrefix.presentNe and 
					find(overrideNegPrefix.presentNe, '^n')) then
					--For the &quot;me-&quot; form, we replace the &quot;n&quot; with an &quot;m&quot;.
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. gsub(overrideNegPrefix.presentNe, '^(.)', 'm') .. '&lt;/b&gt;'	
				elseif (impNegForm == 1 and overrideNegPrefix.sameNe and 
					find(overrideNegPrefix.sameNe, '^n')) then
					--For the &quot;me-&quot; form, we replace the &quot;n&quot; with an &quot;m&quot;.
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. gsub(overrideNegPrefix.sameNe, '^(.)', 'm') .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
				elseif (impNegForm == 2 and overrideNegPrefix.presentNe) then
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNegPrefix.presentNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
				elseif (impNegForm == 2 and overrideNegPrefix.sameNe) then
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNegPrefix.sameNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
				end
			else
				-- For other tenses besides the imperative
				if (self.stem == 'present' and overrideNegPrefix.presentNe) then
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNegPrefix.presentNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
			    elseif (self.stem == 'past' and overrideNegPrefix.pastNe) then
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNegPrefix.pastNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
				elseif overrideNegPrefix.sameNe then
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNegPrefix.sameNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
				end
			end
		end
	
	    -- There are two forms of construction of the imperative,
	    -- one with the prefix &quot;me-&quot; (1) and the other (2) with the prefix &quot;ne-&quot;.
	    if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then
	        negPrefix = (impNegForm == 2) and 'ne' or 'me'
	    end
		
	    -- Add sufix &quot;-y&quot; before certain vowels.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. 'y&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    -- Elision before stems beginning with &quot;a-&quot; (removal of the final &quot;-e&quot;).
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
	        negPrefix = mw.ustring.sub(negPrefix, 1, -2)
	        return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- Standardization of the PREVERBAL PARTICLE
-- The proverbial particle &quot;ê&quot; is placed after the personal pronoun.
-- =============================================================================
-- If there are no verbal preparticles, return empty table.
function export.getPreverbParticules(preverbParticle, typeStem, isTransitive)
    if not preverbParticle then
        return {s1='', s2='', s3='', p1='', p2='', p3=''}
    end

    if preverbParticle == 'ê' then
        local isErgative = isTransitive and (typeStem == 'past')

        -- When the personal pronoun ends in a vowel, a &quot;y-&quot; is added before &quot;ê&quot;.
        -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: &quot;min&quot;, &quot;te&quot;, ...
        if isErgative then
            return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='yê/dê', p1='yê/dê', p2='yê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
        else
            return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='ê/dê', p1='ê/dê', p2='ê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
        end
    end

    -- If the verbal preparticle is identical for all pronouns,
    -- we create a table with the same value.
    local preverbParticles = {}
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        preverbParticles[pers] = preverbParticle
    end

    return preverbParticles
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING EACH VERB TENSE
-- This table lists, for each verb tense, what elements are required to form it:
--   - Verb conjugation is built by placing either the preverb &quot;bi-&quot; or &quot;di-&quot; before
--     the verb stem (past or present), followed by a personal ending.
--   - For the negative form, one of the prefixes &quot;na-&quot; or &quot;ne-&quot; is added as well.
--   - In some cases, a preverbal particle such as /ê/ or /dê/ is added before
--     the conjugated verb as well.
-- Not: - The &quot;negPreverb&quot; (preverb (bi-/di-) for negative tenses) parameter has a
--         value different from &quot;nil&quot; only for the Imperfect tense (&quot;negPreverb=di&quot;).
--      - The parameter &quot;negPrefix=na&quot; is used only for the present indicative.
--
-- Preverb &quot;di&quot;, used in: &quot;indPresent&quot;(present stem), &quot;indImperfect&quot;(past stem)
--                        - Bo neyînî: pêşgira &quot;di-&quot; tenê di nav dema &quot;IndImperfect&quot; de tê bikaranîn.
-- Preverb &quot;bi&quot;, used in: &quot;indFuture&quot;(present stem), &quot;subPresent&quot;(present stem),
--                         &quot;subImperfect&quot;(past stem) = &quot;condPresent&quot;(past stem)
--                        - The prefix &quot;bi-&quot; isn't used in negative forms.
--
-- Present stem, used in: &quot;indPresent&quot;(di)(na),
--                        &quot;indFuture&quot;(bi)(ne) = &quot;subPresent&quot;(bi)(ne)
--
-- Past stem, used in: &quot;indPreterite&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indImperfect&quot;(di)(ne), &quot;indPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;indPerfect&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indNwPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indFuturePerfect&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;subPreterite&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;subImperfect&quot;(bi)(ne) = &quot;condPresent&quot;(bi)(ne),
--                     &quot;subPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne) = &quot;condPreterite&quot;(-)(ne)
-- =============================================================================
-- Some conjugations are identical except that they differ only in the preverbal particle (/ê/, /dê/).
-- So, to avoid repeating the same information (and thus risking errors),
-- we establish the common part shared between these verbs.
local sharedTenseRules = {
    indFuture = {
        stem         = &quot;present&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['bi'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['present']
    },

    indFuturePerfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibim']
    },

    subImperfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['bi'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ama']
    },

    subPluperfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûma']
    }
}

local mt = {
    __index = function(t, k)
        local commonRules = t._commonRules
        if commonRules then return commonRules[k] end
    end
}

-- TENSES CONJUGATION RULES
export.tenseRules = {
    -- IMPERATIVE MOOD
    impPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;impPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raweya fermanî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present imperative&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;imperative&quot;,
        _commonRules = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    -- INDICATIVE MOOD
    indPresent = {
        name         = &quot;indPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema niha&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;present&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['di'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['na'],
        endings      = getEndings['present'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indPreterite = {
        name         = &quot;indPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya sade&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;simple past&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['past'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indImperfect = {
        name         = &quot;indImperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya berdest&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;Imperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['di'],
        negPreverb   = getPreverb['di'],
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['past'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indPluperfect    = {
        name         = &quot;indPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûr&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;pluperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûm'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indFuture = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;indFuture&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema bê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;future&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    indFuturePerfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;indFuturePerfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dahatiya pêş&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;future perfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuturePerfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    -- In some books, the &quot;perfect&quot; and &quot;nonconfirmative pluperfect&quot; tenses
    -- are classified in the &quot;inferential mood&quot; (&quot;moda neşahidî&quot;).
    -- Currently we classify them using the indicative mood (at the end).
    indPerfect = {
        name         = &quot;indPerfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûdar&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;perfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ime'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indNwPluperfect = {
        name         = &quot;indNwPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;çîrokiya boriya dûdar&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;non-witnessed pluperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûme'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    -- SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
    subjPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema nihaya xwestekî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    subjPreterite = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema boriya xwestekî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;preterite subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuturePerfect,
        preverbParticle = nil,
    }, mt),

    subjImperfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjImperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya bilaniyê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;imperfect subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subImperfect,
        preverbParticle = nil,
    }, mt),

    subjPluperfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûr a bilaniyê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;pluperfect subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subPluperfect,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    -- CONDITIONAL MOOD
    condPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;condPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;çîrokiya dema nihaya mercî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present conditional&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;conditional&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subImperfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    condPreterite = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;condPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema boriya mercî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;preterite conditional&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;conditional&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subPluperfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

}

-- =============================================================================
-- MAIN CONJUGATION FUNCTOIN
-- This function returns an array containing the conjugation table for a given
-- tense as well as other information about the conjugated verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugate(opts)
    opts = opts or {}
    -- Required parameters
    local tense          = opts.tense or error(&quot;'tense' required&quot;, 2)
    --One of the two parameters is required:
    --  - If the tense uses the present stem, indicate &quot;presentStem&quot;.
    --  - If it uses the past stem, indicate &quot;pastStem&quot;.
    local presentStem    = opts.presentStem
    local pastStem       = opts.pastStem
    -- Optional parameters
    local isTransitive   = opts.isTransitive or false   -- Indicate if the verb is transitive (true/false)
    local isNegative     = opts.isNegative or false     -- Indicate if it's the negative form (true/false)
    local isCompoundVerb = opts.isCompoundVerb or false -- Indicate if it's a compound verb (true/false)
    local preSimpleVerb  = opts.preSimpleVerb or ''     -- The part before the simple verb
    local postSimpleVerb = opts.postSimpleVerb or ''    -- The part after the simple verb
    -- These parameters are provided when the verb is irregular.
    -- Allows you to manually modify preverbs (&quot;bi-&quot;&quot; or &quot;di-&quot;)
    -- and negation prefixes (&quot;na-&quot; or &quot;ne-&quot;)
	local overridePreverb = {
		-- Preverbs (bi-, di)
	    presentBi = opts.presentBi or nil,
	    presentDi = opts.presentDi or nil,
	    pastBi    = opts.pastBi or nil,
	    pastDi    = opts.pastDi or nil,
		-- Same preverbs (&quot;past&quot; and &quot;present&quot; stem)
	    sameBi     = opts.sameBi or nil,
	    sameDi     = opts.sameDi or nil,
	}
	local overrideNegPrefix = {
		-- Neg. prefix (na-, ne-)
	    presentNa  = opts.presentNa or nil,
	    presentNe  = opts.presentNe or nil,
	    pastNe     = opts.pastNe or nil,
		-- same neg. prefix (for past and present stem)
	    sameNe     = opts.sameNe or nil,
		impMe      = opts.impMe or nil,
	}
    -- By default, the negation of the imperative is constructed from the prefix &quot;me-&quot;&quot;.
    -- To obtain the second variant, the prefix with &quot;ne-&quot;, you must specify &quot;impNegForm=2&quot;.
    local impNegForm     = opts.impNegForm or 1
	-- Accent/ Devok
    local accent = opts.accent or 'std'
	
	-- If &quot;tags='na'&quot;, remove links/tags
	local tags = opts.tags or 'erê'
	-- If addPreverbParticles='na', remove preverb particles (ê/dê) before
	-- the conjugated verbs.
	local addPreverbParticles = opts.addPreverbParticles or 'erê'

	
	-- We add a space to the left of the &quot;postSimpleVerb&quot; because it shouldn't be attached
	-- to the simple verb.
	if (postSimpleVerb ~= '' and postSimpleVerb ~=nil) then
		postSimpleVerb = ' ' .. postSimpleVerb
	end

    -- Access to the classification table and retrieval of verb tense parameters
    local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy') or false

    -- We check that this tense is indeed in table &quot;tenseRules&quot;.
    if (not infoTense) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    -- We check that one of the two parameters of the stem is given
    if (infoTense.stem == 'present' and not presentStem) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;presentStem parameter required&lt;/span&gt;'
    elseif (infoTense.stem == 'past' and not pastStem) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;pasttStem parameter required&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    -- Choice between the present stem or past stem
    local stem = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStem or pastStem

    --────────────────────────────
    -- Conjugation construction --
    -- ───────────────────────────
    local preverb = ''
    local negPrefix = ''

	-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
    -- Lêkerin nestandard --
    -- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
	-- çûn
	if (stem == 'her' and pastStem == 'çû') then
		if tense == 'indPresent' then
			if isNegative then
				stem = 'r'
			else
				stem = 'er'
				overridePreverb.presentDi = 't'
			end
		elseif ({impPresent=true, indFuture=true, subjPresent=true})[tense] then
			overridePreverb.presentBi = ''
			if isNegative then
				stem = 'r'
			else
				stem = 'her'
			end
		end
	end

	-- hatin
	if (stem == 'wer'  and pastStem == 'hat') then
		if ({impPresent=true, indFuture=true, subjPresent=true})[tense] then
			if isNegative then
				stem = 'ê'
			else
				overridePreverb.presentBi = ''
				stem = 'wer'
			end
		elseif (tense == 'indPresent') then
			stem = 'ê'
		end
	end
	-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
	
    -- Ruturns the verb type: &quot;simpleVerb&quot; or &quot;preverbVerb&quot; or &quot;compoundVerb&quot;
    local verbStruct = export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)

    if isNegative then
        negPrefix = infoTense:negPrefix{stem=stem,
                                        impNegForm=impNegForm,
                                        overrideNegPrefix=overrideNegPrefix}
        if infoTense.negPreverb then
            preverb = infoTense:negPreverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
                                           overridePreverb=overridePreverb}
        end
    else
        if infoTense.preverb then
            preverb = infoTense:preverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
                                        overridePreverb=overridePreverb,
										accent=accent}
        end
    end

    infoTense.conj = {}
    local spacing = isCompoundVerb and ' ' or ''
    local endings = infoTense:endings(stem)
	
	-- 'rojhilatî' accent (devok) for present stem
	if (infoTense.stem == 'present') then
		if (accent == 'rojhilatî') then
			endings = endings['rojhilatî']
		else
			endings = endings['std']
		end

	end
	
    local preverbParticles = export.getPreverbParticules(
		infoTense.preverbParticle,
		infoTense.stem, isTransitive
	)
	
    local isErgative = isTransitive and (infoTense.stem == 'past')

    -- Creating the conjugation table for a given tense
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local ending
        local conjSimbleVerb
        local conjVerb

        if isErgative then
            ending = endings.s3
        else
            ending = endings[pers]
        end

        -- Adding space after the preverbal particle, and
		-- if &quot;addPreverbParticles='na'&quot;: remove preverb particles (ê/dê).
		local preverbParticle = ''
		if infoTense.preverbParticle and addPreverbParticles ~= 'na' then
	            preverbParticle = preverbParticles[pers] .. ' '
		end

        conjSimbleVerb = negPrefix  .. preverb .. stem .. ending
        -- Adding prefixe and suffixe
        conjVerb =  preSimpleVerb .. spacing .. conjSimbleVerb .. postSimpleVerb
        -- Spelling correction(îy -&gt; iy)
        conjVerb = gsub(conjVerb, 'îy', 'iy')
        -- Add a link / if tags='na' no links
		if tags ~= 'na' then
        	conjVerb = link{term=conjVerb, lang=langKu}
		end
        -- Addition of the preverbal particle
        infoTense.conj[pers] = preverbParticle .. conjVerb
    end

    -- Imperative
    if (infoTense.name == 'impPresent') then
        infoTense.conj.s1 = nil
        infoTense.conj.s2 = infoTense.conj.s3
        infoTense.conj.s3 = nil
        infoTense.conj.p1 = nil
        -- infoTense.conj.p2 = infoTense.conj.p2
        infoTense.conj.p3 = nil
    end

    return infoTense
end

-- =============================================================================
--                               END
-- =============================================================================
-- Some useful tools
-- =============================================================================
-- Returns the list of verb tenses
export.tensesList = function()
	local list = {}
    for _, tense in pairs(export.tenseRules) do
        table.insert(list, tense.name)
    end
	return list
end

-- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
-- (for a given conjugate tense in all persons of that tense)
function export.concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjVerbs)
    local concatTab = {}

    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local pronom = pronoms[pers] or &quot;&quot;
        local verbe  = conjVerbs[pers] or &quot;&quot;

        if pronom == &quot;&quot; then
            concatTab[pers] = verbe
        elseif verbe == &quot;&quot; then
            concatTab[pers] = pronom
        else
            concatTab[pers] = pronom .. &quot; &quot; .. verbe
        end
    end

    return concatTab
end

-- Remove duplicates
local function removeDuplicates(list)
	local seen = {}
	local result = {}
	
	for _, value in ipairs(list) do
		if not seen[value] then
			seen[value] = true
			table.insert(result, value)
		end
	end
	
	return result
end

-- =============================================================================
-- ADDITIONAL STEM OF THE PAST AND PRESENT (pastStem2, ... and presentStem2, ...)
-- This function does nothing more than add additional parameters for verb stems
-- in the past and present tenses.
-- Conjugations for the different stems will be separated by &quot;/&quot;
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems)
    local opts = deepCopy(baseOpts or {}, 'copy')
	
	opts.addPreverbParticles = 'na'
	
    presentStems = presentStems or {}
	pastStems = pastStems or {}
    
    local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy')
    if not infoTense then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;Unknown tense: ' .. tostring(tense) ..'&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    local stems = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStems or pastStems
	
    -- For each verb stem, its conjugation table is calculated and stored in conjTabs.
    local conjTabs = {}
    for i = 1, #stems do
		 local stem = stems[i]
        if stem then
            if (infoTense.stem == 'past') then
				opts.pastStem = stem
				
			elseif (infoTense.stem == 'present') then
				opts.presentStem = stem
				-- For the recognition of irregular verbs based on the past-stem part
				-- see: &quot;çûn&quot; û &quot;hatin&quot;
				opts.pastStem = pastStems[1]
			end

			-- The proverbs are added only for the first conjugation form: reading is easier.
			--if (i &gt; 1) then opts.addPreverbParticles = 'na' end

			local result = export.conjugate(opts)
			if result and result.conj then
				table.insert(conjTabs, result.conj)
			end
        end
    end

    -- We concatenate each row of the conjugation tables.
	local preverbParticules = deepCopy(export.getPreverbParticules(
		infoTense.preverbParticule, 
		infoTense.stem, 
		opts.isTransitive
	), 'copy')
	
    local concatConjTabs = {}
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local frag = {}
        for i = 1, #conjTabs do
            local val = conjTabs[i][pers]
            if val then
				table.insert(frag, tostring(val))
			end
        end
				
		frag = removeDuplicates(frag)
        concatConjTabs[pers] = preverbParticules[pers]
							 .. table.concat(frag, ' — ')
    end

    infoTense.conj = concatConjTabs
	
    return infoTense
end

-- ====================================================================================
--  VERB CONJUGATION IN ALL TENSES WITH OR WITHOUT PRONOUNS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, negation, concatPrs)
	-- &quot;concatPrs=false&quot; table without pronouns
	
    local opts = deepCopy(baseOpts or {}, 'copy')
    
    if negation == 'negative' then
		opts.isNegative = true
	end

    presentStems = presentStems or {}
    pastStems    = pastStems or {}

    -- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
	local concatPronomsVerbs = export.concatPronomsVerbs

    local tensesList = export.tensesList()

    -- Conjugation in all tenses
    local conjTab = {}

    for _, tense in ipairs(tensesList) do
        -- Conjugations without the pronouns
        local conjData = deepCopy(
            export.conjugateLong(opts, tense, presentStems, pastStems),
            'copy'
        )
		
        -- We concatenate the pronouns and the verbs if &quot;concatPrs&quot; is different of &quot;false&quot;
		-- No pronouns for the imperative mood
        if tense ~= 'impPresent' and concatPrs ~= false then
            local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy')
            
            local pronoms = deepCopy(
                export.conjPronouns(infoTense.stem, infoTense.mode, opts.isTransitive)
            )
            
            conjData.conj = concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjData.conj)
        end

        conjTab[tense] = conjData
    end


    return conjTab
end

-- ====================================================================================
-- Allows you to obtain a given conjugation from a model.
-- Ex. {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=s1}}
-- See {{ku-tewîn-lk-niha}}
-- ====================================================================================
function export.tew(frame)
   local args = frame:getParent().args

    local baseOpts = {
        isNegative     = frame.args['neyînî'] or false,
        isTransitive   = args['form'],
        isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = args['pêşgir'] or nil,
        postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil,
		-- overridePreverb:
		presentBi = frame['nihaBi'] or nil,
		presentDi = frame['nihaDi'] or nil,
		pastBi    = frame['borîBi'] or nil,
		pastDi    = frame['borîDi'] or nil,
		sameBi    = frame['bi'] or nil,
		sameDi    = frame['di'] or nil,
		-- overrideNegPrefix:
		presentNa  = frame['na'] or nil,
		presentNe  = frame['nihaNe'] or nil,
		pastNe     = frame['borîNe'] or nil,
		sameNe     = frame['ne'] or nil,
		impMe      = frame['me'] or nil,
		
        impNegForm     = 1,
		tags           = args['lînk'] or 'erê',
		accent         = args['devok'] or 'std',
    }
	
	local tense        = frame.args['dem'] or nil
	local pers         = frame.args['kes'] or nil
    local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
    local pastStems    = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}

    -- A few checks
    if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = true
    elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = false
    else
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
    else
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
    end

    if (baseOpts.isNegative == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isNegative = true
    end

	local tabConj = export.conjugateLong(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems).conj
	
    return tabConj[pers]
end

-- ====================================================================================
-- GET COMMMA SEPARED FORMS
-- Bnr. [[MediaWiki:Gadget-QQ.js]]
-- Ex. {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|get_comma_separated_forms|niha=kev|borî=ket}}
-- ====================================================================================
function export.get_comma_separated_forms(frame)
    local opts = {
        presentStem     = frame.args['niha'],
        pastStem        = frame.args['borî'],
        isTransitive    = false,
        isNegative      = false,
        isCompoundVerb  = frame['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb   = frame['pêşgir'] or '',
        postSimpleVerb  = frame['paşgir'] or '',
		-- overridePreverb:
		presentBi = frame['nihaBi'] or nil,
		presentDi = frame['nihaDi'] or nil,
		pastBi    = frame['borîBi'] or nil,
		pastDi    = frame['borîDi'] or nil,
		sameBi    = frame['bi'] or nil,
		sameDi    = frame['di'] or nil,
		-- overrideNegPrefix:
		presentNa  = frame['na'] or nil,
		presentNe  = frame['nihaNe'] or nil,
		pastNe     = frame['borîNe'] or nil,
		sameNe     = frame['ne'] or nil,
		impMe      = frame['me'] or nil,
		
        impNegForm     = 1,
		tags           = 'na', -- Remove links/tags
		addPreverbParticles = 'na' -- Remove preverb particles (ê/dê)
    }

   local function concateList(tenseList)
        local concatList = {}
        for _, pers in ipairs({&quot;s1&quot;, &quot;s2&quot;, &quot;s3&quot;, &quot;p1&quot;}) do
        	local tense = tenseList[pers]
            table.insert(concatList, tense)
        end

        return table.concat(concatList, &quot;,&quot;)
   end

   	local tenseList = {'indPresent','indPreterite','indImperfect',
                      'indPluperfect','indPerfect','indNwPluperfect',
                      'indFuture','indFuturePerfect',
                      'subjImperfect','subjPluperfect'
                    }
                    
    local concatAllTense = {}
    
    for  i = 1, #tenseList do
        local tense = tenseList[i]
        if export.tenseRules[tense] then
            opts.tense = tense
            local conj = shallowCopy(export.conjugate(opts).conj)
            local concatTense = concateList(conj)
            table.insert(concatAllTense, concatTense)
        end
    end
    
    return table.concat(concatAllTense, &quot;,&quot;)
end

return export</text>
      <sha1>rvwjyj9e7t53tav206e82nij1z4oy0o</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>6237720</id>
      <parentid>6237713</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-15T02:31:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>6237720</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="46611" sha1="1q29dc6lte916kee86l6hfn43jg1mc2" xml:space="preserve">-- Modula tewandina lêkerên kurmancî

local export = {}

-- Load irregular forms table
-- local irreg = require('Module:ku-tewandin/nestandard')
local langKu = require(&quot;Modul:languages&quot;).getByCode(&quot;ku&quot;)
local link = require('Module:links').language_link
local shallowCopy = require(&quot;Module:table/shallowCopy&quot;)
local deepCopy = require(&quot;Module:table/deepCopy&quot;)

local gsub = mw.ustring.gsub
local find = mw.ustring.find

-- =============================================================================
-- Pronouns in Kurmanji
-- =============================================================================
export.order = {&quot;s1&quot;, &quot;s2&quot;, &quot;s3&quot;, &quot;p1&quot;, &quot;p2&quot;, &quot;p3&quot;}

export.pronouns = {
    s1 = &quot;ez&quot;,    p1 = &quot;em&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;tu&quot;,    p2 = &quot;hûn&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;ew&quot;,    p3 = &quot;ew&quot;
}

export.obliquePronouns = {
    s1 = &quot;min&quot;,      p1 = &quot;me&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;te&quot;,       p2 = &quot;we&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;wê/wî&quot;,    p3 = &quot;wan&quot;
}

export.agents = {
    s1 = &quot;te, wî, wê, we, wan&quot;,            p1 = &quot;te, wî, wê, we, wan&quot;,
    s2 = &quot;min, wî, wê, me, wan&quot;,           p2 = &quot;min, wî, wê, me, wan&quot;,
    s3 = &quot;min, te, wî, wê, me, we, wan&quot;,   p3 = &quot;min, te, wî, wê, me, we, wan&quot;
}

-- Oblique pronoun (green) 
export.obliquePronounsGreen = {
    s1 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;min&lt;/span&gt;',
    s2 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;te&lt;/span&gt;',
    s3 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;wê/wî&lt;/span&gt;',
    p1 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;me&lt;/span&gt;',
    p2 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;we&lt;/span&gt;',
    p3 = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;wan&lt;/span&gt;'
}

-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-- 1) This function returns correct subject/agent pronoun, ergativity rule:
--   - Transitive verbs in past tenses → oblique pronoun (green) = agent
--   - All other cases                 → direct pronoun (no color) = subject
-- 2) Also add the subjunctive prefix &quot;(bila)&quot;
-- ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
function export.conjPronouns(stemType, mode, isTransitive)
    local pronouns = shallowCopy(export.pronouns)

    -- Ergativity in kurdish: transitive verbs that are conjugated with the past tense stem are
    -- conjugated according to the object, not the subject.
    -- Therefore, to have an ergative construction,
    -- the verb must be transitive and its stem must be the stem of the past tense.
    local isErgative = isTransitive and (stemType == 'past')

    -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: &quot;min&quot;, &quot;te&quot;, ...
    -- If it's not ergative, we use normal pronouns: &quot;ez&quot;, &quot;tu&quot;, ...
    if isErgative then
        pronouns = shallowCopy(export.obliquePronounsGreen)
    end

    -- For the subjunctive mood, we add &quot;(bila)&quot; at the beginning.
    if mode == 'subjunctive' then
    	local subjPrefix = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(bila)&lt;/span&gt;'
        for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
            pronouns[pers] = subjPrefix .. ' ' .. pronouns[pers]
        end
    end
    return pronouns
end

-- =============================================================================
-- VERBAL STRUCTURE IN THE INFINITIVE:
-- Verbs in the infinitive appear in three main forms:
--  1) Simple verb (indivisible light verb):
--       - ex.:  &quot;kirin&quot;, &quot;çûn&quot;, &quot;xwarin&quot;, ...
--  2) Verbs with preverbs (preverb + simple verb):
--       - ex.: &quot;rakirin&quot; (ra- + kirin), &quot;çêkirin&quot; (çê- + kirin), &quot;vexwarin&quot; (ve- + xwarin), ...
--       - Preverb verbs don't use the prefix &quot;bi-&quot; (ez ê rakim , ew ê rake , ...)
--  3) Compound verbs, construction with non-verbal element (the noun is not attached to the verb):
--       - Left of the simple verb: &quot;hez kirin&quot; (&quot;hez&quot; + &quot;kirin&quot;), &quot;li dar xistin&quot; (&quot;li dar&quot; + &quot;xistin&quot;), ...
--       - Right of the simple verb: &quot;kirin der&quot; (&quot;kirin&quot; + &quot;der&quot;), &quot;girtin ser xwe&quot; (&quot;girtin&quot; + &quot;ser xwe&quot;), ...
--       - Compound verbs use the prefix &quot;bi-&quot; (ez ê hez bi-kim , ew ê hez bi-ke )

-- STRUCTURE:  preSimpleVerb + spacing + simpleVerb + postSimpleVerb
-- EX.     kirin: preSimpleVerb='';    spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--       rakirin: preSimpleVerb='ra';  spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--     hez kirin: preSimpleVerb='hez'; spacing=true;  simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb=''
--       pev çûn: preSimpleVerb='pev'; spacing=true;  simpleVerb='çûn';   postSimpleVerb=''
--     kirin der: preSimpleVerb='';    spacing=false; simpleVerb='kirin'; postSimpleVerb='der'

-- WARNING: Conjugation can vary depending on the type of verb.
-- For example, in the future tense,the prefix &quot;bi&quot; is used for compound verbs,
-- but not for preverbal verbs, see the function that manages it  &quot;tenseRules&quot; table.
-- This table does not yet support the mixed case: a verb composed of a noun and a preverb verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)
    local struct

    if (preSimpleVerb and preSimpleVerb ~= '' and not isCompoundVerb) then
        struct = 'preverbVerb'
    elseif isCompoundVerb then
        struct = 'compoundVerb'
    else
        struct = 'simpleVerb'
    end

    return struct
end

-- ================================================================
-- INFLECTIONAL ENDINGS
-- Assigns verb inflectional endings (suffixes) to all tenses
-- ================================================================
local getEndings = {}

do
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ending using present stem
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['present'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends = {}
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends['std'] = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
            ends['rojhilatî'] = {s1='m', s2='(y)', s3='t', p1='yn', p2='n', p3='n'}
        else
            ends['std'] = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='e', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
			ends['rojhilatî'] = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='&lt;u&gt;it&lt;/u&gt;/ît', p1='în', p2='in', p3='in'}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ind. preterite + ind. imperfect ending
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['past'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
		local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiouû]$') then
            ends = {s1='m', s2='yî', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, 'î$') then
           -- if self.name == 'indImperfect' then
           --     -- special indicative ind. imperfect rule
           --     ends = {s1='yam', s2='yayî', s3='ya', p1='yan', p2='yan', p3='yan'}
           -- end
            ends = {s1='m', s2='', s3='', p1='n', p2='n', p3='n'}
        else
            ends = {s1='im', s2='î', s3='', p1='in', p2='in', p3='in'}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Compound endings with auxiliary &quot;bûn&quot;
    -- Inflectional endings are created by taking the different forms of the
    -- verb &quot;bûn&quot; (with present stem &quot;-b-&quot; and past stem &quot;-bû-&quot;) and
    -- adding an &quot;i-&quot; prefix before them: &quot;i-b-im&quot;, &quot;i-bû-m&quot;, &quot;i-bû-me&quot;, &quot;i-bû-ma&quot;.
    -- This &quot;i-&quot; varies according to the final letter of the verb stem.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    local function normalize_i(stem)
        local prfx_i = &quot;i&quot;
        if mw.ustring.match(stem, &quot;ya$&quot;) or
           mw.ustring.match(stem, &quot;[îû]$&quot;) then -- cf. karîn (-karî-)
           	prfx_i = &quot;&quot;
        elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiou]$') then
            prfx_i = &quot;yi&quot;
        end
        return prfx_i
    end

    getEndings['ibim'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bim&quot;,   p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;be&quot;,    p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bin&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûm'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûm&quot;,     p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bû&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûn&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûme'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûme&quot;,      p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyiye&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûye&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûne&quot;
        }
    end

    getEndings['ibûma'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local prfx_i = normalize_i(stem)
        return {
            s1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûma&quot;,      p1 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;,
            s2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûyayî&quot;,    p2 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;,
            s3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûya&quot;,      p3 = prfx_i .. &quot;bûna&quot;
        }
    end
    
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Ind. perfect ending.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['ime'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends

        if mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;me&quot;, s2=&quot;yî&quot;, s3=&quot;ye&quot;, p1=&quot;ne&quot;, p2=&quot;ne&quot;, p3=&quot;ne&quot;}
        else
            ends = {s1=&quot;ime&quot;, s2=&quot;iyî&quot;, s3=&quot;iye&quot;, p1=&quot;ine&quot;, p2=&quot;ine&quot;, p3=&quot;ine&quot;}
        end

        return ends
    end

    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    -- Subj. Imperfect ending.
    -- ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    getEndings['ama'] = function(self, stem)
		-- self: reserved for future use (was used before, might be needed again)
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
        local ends

        -- The doublet in &quot;-iyan&quot; of verbs in -&quot;în&quot; (gerîn/-geriya-, kenîn/-keniya-, ...),
        -- in the conditional and subjunctive moods, a doublet &quot;yaya&quot; appears; it's removed.
        -- -yayayî → -yayî; -yaya → -ya
		if mw.ustring.match(stem, '(ya)$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;ma&quot;, s2=&quot;yî&quot;, s3=&quot;&quot;, p1=&quot;na&quot;, p2=&quot;na&quot;, p3=&quot;na&quot;}
		elseif mw.ustring.match(stem, '[aeêiîouû]$') then
            ends = {s1=&quot;ma&quot;, s2=&quot;yayî&quot;, s3=&quot;ya&quot;, p1=&quot;na&quot;, p2=&quot;na&quot;, p3=&quot;na&quot;}
        else
            ends = {s1=&quot;ama&quot;, s2=&quot;ayî&quot;, s3=&quot;a&quot;, p1=&quot;ana&quot;, p2=&quot;ana&quot;, p3=&quot;ana&quot;}
        end
        return ends
    end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR PREVERBS: &quot;bi-&quot; and &quot;di-&quot;
-- There are two preverbs: &quot;bi-&quot; and &quot;di-&quot;. These preverbs can change form
-- depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getPreverb = {}

do
	getPreverb['bi'] = function (self, opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local verbStruct = opts.verbStruct
	    local overridePreverb = opts.overridePreverb
		local accent     = opts.accent

		-- Devoka rojhilatî:
		-- @Ferhengvan: Dema bêt bi lêkera alîkar &quot;ê / dê&quot; û bi rehê lêkerê yê
		-- dema niha û pêşgirên kesî tê çêkirin. Pêşgira &quot;bi-&quot; li destpêka lêkera
		-- serekî nîne: - ez ê / dê xw-im (standard: ez ê/dê bi-xw-im).
		if (self.name == 'indFuture' and accent == 'rojhilatî') then
			return ''
		end
	
	    -- Preverb verbs don't use the preverb &quot;bi-&quot;: ra-kirin (ez ê rakim), ve-xwarin (ez ê vexwim) , ...
	    -- But compound verb and simple verbs use it: hez kirin (ez ê hez bi-kim), lê bigirin (ez ê lê bi-girim), ...
	    if (verbStruct == 'preverbVerb') then
	        return ''
	    end
	
		-- If the preverb &quot;bi-&quot; is provided.
		if (self.stem == 'present' and overridePreverb.presentBi) then
			return overridePreverb.presentBi
		elseif (self.stem == 'past' and overridePreverb.pastBi) then
			return overridePreverb.pastBi
		elseif overridePreverb.sameBi then
			return overridePreverb.sameBi
		end
	
	    -- Modification of the preverbe &quot;bi-&quot; according to the last letter of the stem.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[aeêiîouû]') then
	        return 'b'
	    end
	
	    return 'bi'
	end

	getPreverb['di'] = function (self, opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local overridePreverb = opts.overridePreverb
	
		-- If the preverb &quot;di&quot; is provided.
		if (self.stem == 'present' and overridePreverb.presentDi) then
			return overridePreverb.presentDi
		elseif (self.stem == 'past' and overridePreverb.pastDi) then
			return overridePreverb.pastDi
		elseif overridePreverb.sameDi then
			return overridePreverb.sameDi
		end
	
	    -- Modification of the preverbe &quot;di-&quot; according to the last letter of the stem.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[ai]') then
	        return 'd'
	    end
	    -- Ex. hatin : stem = -ê- // ez têm
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[êî]') then
	        return 't'
	    end
	
	    return 'di'
	end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR NEGATION PREFIXES: &quot;na-&quot; and &quot;ne-&quot;
-- There are two negation prefixes: &quot;na-&quot; and &quot;ne-&quot;. These preverbs can change
-- form depending on the first letters of the verb’s present stem or past stem.
-- =============================================================================
local getNegPrefix = {}

do
	getNegPrefix['na'] = function (self, opts)
		-- self: reserved for future use
	    local _ = self -- delete the warning (unused argument)
		
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local overrideNa = opts.overrideNegPrefix.presentNa
	
	    if overrideNa then return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNa .. '&lt;/b&gt;' end
	    -- if irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] then return irreg.dijrezikNa[stem] end
	
	    -- Add sufix &quot;-y&quot; before certain vowels.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;nay&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	    -- Elision before stems beginning with &quot;a-&quot; (removal of the final &quot;-e&quot;).
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;n&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    -- Tîpa duyem &quot;-a-&quot; ye (k-a-rîn, z-a-nîn, ...)
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^%wa') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;ni&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    return '&lt;b&gt;na&lt;/b&gt;'
	end

	getNegPrefix['ne'] = function (self, opts)
	    opts = opts or {}
	    local stem = opts.stem
	    local tenseName = self.name
	    local impNegForm = opts.impNegForm -- form &quot;1&quot; or &quot;2&quot; of imp.
		local overrideNegPrefix = opts.overrideNegPrefix

        local negPrefix = 'ne'

		-- Bo neyînî: pêşgira &quot;di-&quot; tenê di nav dema &quot;indImperfect&quot; de tê bikaranîn.
		-- ji ber vê yekê 'negPrefix' hertim (?) 'ne' ye ji ber ku dikeve pêş 
		-- pêşgira &quot;di-&quot;: wê/wî ne-di-elimand (elimandin)
	    if (tenseName == 'indImperfect') then
	         return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end

		-- Override		
		if (overrideNegPrefix.impMe or overrideNegPrefix.presentNe
									or overrideNegPrefix.pastNe
				                    or overrideNegPrefix.sameNe) then
			-- Ovverride imp.
			if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then
				if (impNegForm == 1 and overrideNegPrefix.impMe) then
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNegPrefix.impMe .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
				elseif (impNegForm == 1 and overrideNegPrefix.presentNe and 
					find(overrideNegPrefix.presentNe, '^n')) then
					--For the &quot;me-&quot; form, we replace the &quot;n&quot; with an &quot;m&quot;.
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. gsub(overrideNegPrefix.presentNe, '^(.)', 'm') .. '&lt;/b&gt;'	
				elseif (impNegForm == 1 and overrideNegPrefix.sameNe and 
					find(overrideNegPrefix.sameNe, '^n')) then
					--For the &quot;me-&quot; form, we replace the &quot;n&quot; with an &quot;m&quot;.
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. gsub(overrideNegPrefix.sameNe, '^(.)', 'm') .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
				elseif (impNegForm == 2 and overrideNegPrefix.presentNe) then
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNegPrefix.presentNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
				elseif (impNegForm == 2 and overrideNegPrefix.sameNe) then
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNegPrefix.sameNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
				end
			else
				-- For other tenses besides the imperative
				if (self.stem == 'present' and overrideNegPrefix.presentNe) then
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNegPrefix.presentNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
			    elseif (self.stem == 'past' and overrideNegPrefix.pastNe) then
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNegPrefix.pastNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
				elseif overrideNegPrefix.sameNe then
					return '&lt;b&gt;' .. overrideNegPrefix.sameNe .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
				end
			end
		end
	
	    -- There are two forms of construction of the imperative,
	    -- one with the prefix &quot;me-&quot; (1) and the other (2) with the prefix &quot;ne-&quot;.
	    if (tenseName == 'impPresent') then
	        negPrefix = (impNegForm == 2) and 'ne' or 'me'
	    end
		
	    -- Add sufix &quot;-y&quot; before certain vowels.
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^[eêiîouû]') then
	        return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. 'y&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    -- Elision before stems beginning with &quot;a-&quot; (removal of the final &quot;-e&quot;).
	    if mw.ustring.match(stem, '^a') then
	        negPrefix = mw.ustring.sub(negPrefix, 1, -2)
	        return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	    end
	
	    return '&lt;b&gt;' .. negPrefix .. '&lt;/b&gt;'
	end
end

-- =============================================================================
-- Standardization of the PREVERBAL PARTICLE
-- The proverbial particle &quot;ê&quot; is placed after the personal pronoun.
-- =============================================================================
-- If there are no verbal preparticles, return empty table.
function export.getPreverbParticles(preverbParticle, typeStem, isTransitive)
    if not preverbParticle then
        return {s1='', s2='', s3='', p1='', p2='', p3=''}
    end

    if preverbParticle == 'ê' then
        local isErgative = isTransitive and (typeStem == 'past')

        -- When the personal pronoun ends in a vowel, a &quot;y-&quot; is added before &quot;ê&quot;.
        -- If it's ergative, we use oblique pronouns: &quot;min&quot;, &quot;te&quot;, ...
        if isErgative then
            return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='yê/dê', p1='yê/dê', p2='yê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
        else
            return {s1='ê/dê', s2='yê/dê', s3='ê/dê', p1='ê/dê', p2='ê/dê', p3='ê/dê'}
        end
    end

    -- If the verbal preparticle is identical for all pronouns,
    -- we create a table with the same value.
    local preverbParticles = {}
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        preverbParticles[pers] = preverbParticle
    end

    return preverbParticles
end

-- =============================================================================
-- RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING EACH VERB TENSE
-- This table lists, for each verb tense, what elements are required to form it:
--   - Verb conjugation is built by placing either the preverb &quot;bi-&quot; or &quot;di-&quot; before
--     the verb stem (past or present), followed by a personal ending.
--   - For the negative form, one of the prefixes &quot;na-&quot; or &quot;ne-&quot; is added as well.
--   - In some cases, a preverbal particle such as /ê/ or /dê/ is added before
--     the conjugated verb as well.
-- Not: - The &quot;negPreverb&quot; (preverb (bi-/di-) for negative tenses) parameter has a
--         value different from &quot;nil&quot; only for the Imperfect tense (&quot;negPreverb=di&quot;).
--      - The parameter &quot;negPrefix=na&quot; is used only for the present indicative.
--
-- Preverb &quot;di&quot;, used in: &quot;indPresent&quot;(present stem), &quot;indImperfect&quot;(past stem)
--                        - Bo neyînî: pêşgira &quot;di-&quot; tenê di nav dema &quot;IndImperfect&quot; de tê bikaranîn.
-- Preverb &quot;bi&quot;, used in: &quot;indFuture&quot;(present stem), &quot;subPresent&quot;(present stem),
--                         &quot;subImperfect&quot;(past stem) = &quot;condPresent&quot;(past stem)
--                        - The prefix &quot;bi-&quot; isn't used in negative forms.
--
-- Present stem, used in: &quot;indPresent&quot;(di)(na),
--                        &quot;indFuture&quot;(bi)(ne) = &quot;subPresent&quot;(bi)(ne)
--
-- Past stem, used in: &quot;indPreterite&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indImperfect&quot;(di)(ne), &quot;indPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;indPerfect&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indNwPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne), &quot;indFuturePerfect&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;subPreterite&quot;(-)(ne),
--                     &quot;subImperfect&quot;(bi)(ne) = &quot;condPresent&quot;(bi)(ne),
--                     &quot;subPluperfect&quot;(-)(ne) = &quot;condPreterite&quot;(-)(ne)
-- =============================================================================
-- Some conjugations are identical except that they differ only in the preverbal particle (/ê/, /dê/).
-- So, to avoid repeating the same information (and thus risking errors),
-- we establish the common part shared between these verbs.
local sharedTenseRules = {
    indFuture = {
        stem         = &quot;present&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['bi'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['present']
    },

    indFuturePerfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibim']
    },

    subImperfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['bi'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ama']
    },

    subPluperfect = {
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûma']
    }
}

local mt = {
    __index = function(t, k)
        local commonRules = t._commonRules
        if commonRules then return commonRules[k] end
    end
}

-- TENSES CONJUGATION RULES
export.tenseRules = {
    -- IMPERATIVE MOOD
    impPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;impPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raweya fermanî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present imperative&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;imperative&quot;,
        _commonRules = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    -- INDICATIVE MOOD
    indPresent = {
        name         = &quot;indPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema niha&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;present&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['di'],
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['na'],
        endings      = getEndings['present'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indPreterite = {
        name         = &quot;indPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya sade&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;simple past&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['past'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indImperfect = {
        name         = &quot;indImperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya berdest&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;Imperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = getPreverb['di'],
        negPreverb   = getPreverb['di'],
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['past'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indPluperfect    = {
        name         = &quot;indPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûr&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;pluperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûm'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indFuture = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;indFuture&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema bê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;future&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    indFuturePerfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;indFuturePerfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dahatiya pêş&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;future perfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuturePerfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    -- In some books, the &quot;perfect&quot; and &quot;nonconfirmative pluperfect&quot; tenses
    -- are classified in the &quot;inferential mood&quot; (&quot;moda neşahidî&quot;).
    -- Currently we classify them using the indicative mood (at the end).
    indPerfect = {
        name         = &quot;indPerfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûdar&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;perfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ime'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    indNwPluperfect = {
        name         = &quot;indNwPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;çîrokiya boriya dûdar&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;non-witnessed pluperfect&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;indicative&quot;,
        stem         = &quot;past&quot;,
        preverb      = nil,
        negPreverb   = nil,
        negPrefix    = getNegPrefix['ne'],
        endings      = getEndings['ibûme'],
        preverbParticle = nil
    },

    -- SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
    subjPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema nihaya xwestekî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuture,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    subjPreterite = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema boriya xwestekî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;preterite subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.indFuturePerfect,
        preverbParticle = nil,
    }, mt),

    subjImperfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjImperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya bilaniyê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;imperfect subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subImperfect,
        preverbParticle = nil,
    }, mt),

    subjPluperfect = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;subjPluperfect&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;raboriya dûr a bilaniyê&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;pluperfect subjunctive&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;subjunctive&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subPluperfect,
        preverbParticle = nil
    }, mt),

    -- CONDITIONAL MOOD
    condPresent = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;condPresent&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;çîrokiya dema nihaya mercî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;present conditional&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;conditional&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subImperfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

    condPreterite = setmetatable({
        name         = &quot;condPreterite&quot;,
        nameKu       = &quot;dema boriya mercî&quot;,
        nameEn       = &quot;preterite conditional&quot;,
        mode         = &quot;conditional&quot;,
       _commonRules  = sharedTenseRules.subPluperfect,
        preverbParticle = 'ê'
    }, mt),

}

-- =============================================================================
-- MAIN CONJUGATION FUNCTOIN
-- This function returns an array containing the conjugation table for a given
-- tense as well as other information about the conjugated verb.
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugate(opts)
    opts = opts or {}
    -- Required parameters
    local tense          = opts.tense or error(&quot;'tense' required&quot;, 2)
    --One of the two parameters is required:
    --  - If the tense uses the present stem, indicate &quot;presentStem&quot;.
    --  - If it uses the past stem, indicate &quot;pastStem&quot;.
    local presentStem    = opts.presentStem
    local pastStem       = opts.pastStem
    -- Optional parameters
    local isTransitive   = opts.isTransitive or false   -- Indicate if the verb is transitive (true/false)
    local isNegative     = opts.isNegative or false     -- Indicate if it's the negative form (true/false)
    local isCompoundVerb = opts.isCompoundVerb or false -- Indicate if it's a compound verb (true/false)
    local preSimpleVerb  = opts.preSimpleVerb or ''     -- The part before the simple verb
    local postSimpleVerb = opts.postSimpleVerb or ''    -- The part after the simple verb
    -- These parameters are provided when the verb is irregular.
    -- Allows you to manually modify preverbs (&quot;bi-&quot;&quot; or &quot;di-&quot;)
    -- and negation prefixes (&quot;na-&quot; or &quot;ne-&quot;)
	local overridePreverb = {
		-- Preverbs (bi-, di)
	    presentBi = opts.presentBi or nil,
	    presentDi = opts.presentDi or nil,
	    pastBi    = opts.pastBi or nil,
	    pastDi    = opts.pastDi or nil,
		-- Same preverbs (&quot;past&quot; and &quot;present&quot; stem)
	    sameBi     = opts.sameBi or nil,
	    sameDi     = opts.sameDi or nil,
	}
	local overrideNegPrefix = {
		-- Neg. prefix (na-, ne-)
	    presentNa  = opts.presentNa or nil,
	    presentNe  = opts.presentNe or nil,
	    pastNe     = opts.pastNe or nil,
		-- same neg. prefix (for past and present stem)
	    sameNe     = opts.sameNe or nil,
		impMe      = opts.impMe or nil,
	}
    -- By default, the negation of the imperative is constructed from the prefix &quot;me-&quot;&quot;.
    -- To obtain the second variant, the prefix with &quot;ne-&quot;, you must specify &quot;impNegForm=2&quot;.
    local impNegForm     = opts.impNegForm or 1
	-- Accent/ Devok
    local accent = opts.accent or 'std'
	
	-- If &quot;tags='na'&quot;, remove links/tags
	local tags = opts.tags or 'erê'
	-- If addPreverbParticles='na', remove preverb particles (ê/dê) before
	-- the conjugated verbs.
	local addPreverbParticles = opts.addPreverbParticles or 'erê'

	
	-- We add a space to the left of the &quot;postSimpleVerb&quot; because it shouldn't be attached
	-- to the simple verb.
	if (postSimpleVerb ~= '' and postSimpleVerb ~=nil) then
		postSimpleVerb = ' ' .. postSimpleVerb
	end

    -- Access to the classification table and retrieval of verb tense parameters
    local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy') or false

    -- We check that this tense is indeed in table &quot;tenseRules&quot;.
    if (not infoTense) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;Unknown tense: ' .. tense ..'&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    -- We check that one of the two parameters of the stem is given
    if (infoTense.stem == 'present' and not presentStem) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;presentStem parameter required&lt;/span&gt;'
    elseif (infoTense.stem == 'past' and not pastStem) then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;pasttStem parameter required&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    -- Choice between the present stem or past stem
    local stem = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStem or pastStem

    --────────────────────────────
    -- Conjugation construction --
    -- ───────────────────────────
    local preverb = ''
    local negPrefix = ''

	-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
    -- Lêkerin nestandard --
    -- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
	-- çûn
	if (stem == 'her' and pastStem == 'çû') then
		if tense == 'indPresent' then
			if isNegative then
				stem = 'r'
			else
				stem = 'er'
				overridePreverb.presentDi = 't'
			end
		elseif ({impPresent=true, indFuture=true, subjPresent=true})[tense] then
			overridePreverb.presentBi = ''
			if isNegative then
				stem = 'r'
			else
				stem = 'her'
			end
		end
	end

	-- hatin
	if (stem == 'wer'  and pastStem == 'hat') then
		if ({impPresent=true, indFuture=true, subjPresent=true})[tense] then
			if isNegative then
				stem = 'ê'
			else
				overridePreverb.presentBi = ''
				stem = 'wer'
			end
		elseif (tense == 'indPresent') then
			stem = 'ê'
		end
	end
	-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
	
    -- Ruturns the verb type: &quot;simpleVerb&quot; or &quot;preverbVerb&quot; or &quot;compoundVerb&quot;
    local verbStruct = export.verbStruct(isCompoundVerb, preSimpleVerb)

    if isNegative then
        negPrefix = infoTense:negPrefix{stem=stem,
                                        impNegForm=impNegForm,
                                        overrideNegPrefix=overrideNegPrefix}
        if infoTense.negPreverb then
            preverb = infoTense:negPreverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
                                           overridePreverb=overridePreverb}
        end
    else
        if infoTense.preverb then
            preverb = infoTense:preverb{stem=stem, verbStruct=verbStruct,
                                        overridePreverb=overridePreverb,
										accent=accent}
        end
    end

    infoTense.conj = {}
    local spacing = isCompoundVerb and ' ' or ''
    local endings = infoTense:endings(stem)
	
	-- 'rojhilatî' accent (devok) for present stem
	if (infoTense.stem == 'present') then
		if (accent == 'rojhilatî') then
			endings = endings['rojhilatî']
		else
			endings = endings['std']
		end

	end
	
    local preverbParticles = export.getPreverbParticles(
		infoTense.preverbParticle,
		infoTense.stem, isTransitive
	)
	
    local isErgative = isTransitive and (infoTense.stem == 'past')

    -- Creating the conjugation table for a given tense
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local ending
        local conjSimbleVerb
        local conjVerb

        if isErgative then
            ending = endings.s3
        else
            ending = endings[pers]
        end

        -- Adding space after the preverbal particle, and
		-- if &quot;addPreverbParticles='na'&quot;: remove preverb particles (ê/dê).
		local preverbParticle = ''
		if infoTense.preverbParticle and addPreverbParticles ~= 'na' then
	            preverbParticle = preverbParticles[pers] .. ' '
		end

        conjSimbleVerb = negPrefix  .. preverb .. stem .. ending
        -- Adding prefixe and suffixe
        conjVerb =  preSimpleVerb .. spacing .. conjSimbleVerb .. postSimpleVerb
        -- Spelling correction(îy -&gt; iy)
        conjVerb = gsub(conjVerb, 'îy', 'iy')
        -- Add a link / if tags='na' no links
		if tags ~= 'na' then
        	conjVerb = link{term=conjVerb, lang=langKu}
		end
        -- Addition of the preverbal particle
        infoTense.conj[pers] = preverbParticle .. conjVerb
    end

    -- Imperative
    if (infoTense.name == 'impPresent') then
        infoTense.conj.s1 = nil
        infoTense.conj.s2 = infoTense.conj.s3
        infoTense.conj.s3 = nil
        infoTense.conj.p1 = nil
        -- infoTense.conj.p2 = infoTense.conj.p2
        infoTense.conj.p3 = nil
    end

    return infoTense
end

-- =============================================================================
--                               END
-- =============================================================================
-- Some useful tools
-- =============================================================================
-- Returns the list of verb tenses
export.tensesList = function()
	local list = {}
    for _, tense in pairs(export.tenseRules) do
        table.insert(list, tense.name)
    end
	return list
end

-- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
-- (for a given conjugate tense in all persons of that tense)
function export.concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjVerbs)
    local concatTab = {}

    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local pronom = pronoms[pers] or &quot;&quot;
        local verbe  = conjVerbs[pers] or &quot;&quot;

        if pronom == &quot;&quot; then
            concatTab[pers] = verbe
        elseif verbe == &quot;&quot; then
            concatTab[pers] = pronom
        else
            concatTab[pers] = pronom .. &quot; &quot; .. verbe
        end
    end

    return concatTab
end

-- Remove duplicates
local function removeDuplicates(list)
	local seen = {}
	local result = {}
	
	for _, value in ipairs(list) do
		if not seen[value] then
			seen[value] = true
			table.insert(result, value)
		end
	end
	
	return result
end

-- =============================================================================
-- ADDITIONAL STEM OF THE PAST AND PRESENT (pastStem2, ... and presentStem2, ...)
-- This function does nothing more than add additional parameters for verb stems
-- in the past and present tenses.
-- Conjugations for the different stems will be separated by &quot;/&quot;
-- =============================================================================
function export.conjugateMultiStem(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems)
    local opts = deepCopy(baseOpts or {}, 'copy')
	opts.tense = tense
	opts.addPreverbParticles = 'na'
	
    presentStems = presentStems or {}
	pastStems = pastStems or {}
    
    local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy')
    if not infoTense then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;Unknown tense: ' .. tostring(tense) ..'&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    local stems = (infoTense.stem == 'present') and presentStems or pastStems
	
    -- For each verb stem, its conjugation table is calculated and stored in conjTabs.
    local conjTabs = {}
    for i = 1, #stems do
		 local stem = stems[i]
        if stem then
            if (infoTense.stem == 'past') then
				opts.pastStem = stem
				
			elseif (infoTense.stem == 'present') then
				opts.presentStem = stem
				-- For the recognition of irregular verbs based on the past-stem part
				-- see: &quot;çûn&quot; û &quot;hatin&quot;
				opts.pastStem = pastStems[1]
			end

			local result = export.conjugate(opts)
			if result and result.conj then
				table.insert(conjTabs, result.conj)
			end
        end
    end

    -- We concatenate each row of the conjugation tables.
	local preverbParticles = deepCopy(export.getPreverbParticles(
		infoTense.preverbParticle, 
		infoTense.stem, 
		opts.isTransitive
	), 'copy')

    local concatConjTabs = {}
    for _, pers in ipairs(export.order) do
        local frag = {}
        for i = 1, #conjTabs do
            local val = conjTabs[i][pers]
            if val then
				table.insert(frag, tostring(val))
			end
        end
				
		frag = removeDuplicates(frag)
		if infoTense.preverbParticle then
	        concatConjTabs[pers] = preverbParticles[pers] .. ' '
								 .. table.concat(frag, ' — ')
		else
			concatConjTabs[pers] = table.concat(frag, ' — ')
		end
    end

    infoTense.conj = concatConjTabs
	
    return infoTense
end

-- ====================================================================================
--  VERB CONJUGATION IN ALL TENSES WITH OR WITHOUT PRONOUNS
-- ====================================================================================
function export.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, negation, concatPrs)
	-- &quot;concatPrs=false&quot; table without pronouns
	
    local opts = deepCopy(baseOpts or {}, 'copy')
    
    if negation == 'negative' then
		opts.isNegative = true
	end

    presentStems = presentStems or {}
    pastStems    = pastStems or {}

    -- Concatenation of pronouns and conjugated verbs
	local concatPronomsVerbs = export.concatPronomsVerbs

    local tensesList = export.tensesList()

    -- Conjugation in all tenses
    local conjTab = {}

    for _, tense in ipairs(tensesList) do
        -- Conjugations without the pronouns
        local conjData = deepCopy(
            export.conjugateMultiStem(opts, tense, presentStems, pastStems),
            'copy'
        )
		
        -- We concatenate the pronouns and the verbs if &quot;concatPrs&quot; is different of &quot;false&quot;
		-- No pronouns for the imperative mood
        if tense ~= 'impPresent' and concatPrs ~= false then
            local infoTense = deepCopy(export.tenseRules[tense], 'copy')
            
            local pronoms = deepCopy(
                export.conjPronouns(infoTense.stem, infoTense.mode, opts.isTransitive)
            )
            
            conjData.conj = concatPronomsVerbs(pronoms, conjData.conj)
        end

        conjTab[tense] = conjData
    end
	
    return conjTab
end

-- ====================================================================================
-- Allows you to obtain a given conjugation from a model.
-- Ex. {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|tew|dem=indPresent|kes=s1}}
-- See {{ku-tewîn-lk-niha}}
-- ====================================================================================
function export.tew(frame)
   local args = frame:getParent().args

    local baseOpts = {
        isNegative     = frame.args['neyînî'] or false,
        isTransitive   = args['form'],
        isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = args['pêşgir'] or nil,
        postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil,
		-- overridePreverb:
		presentBi = frame['nihaBi'] or nil,
		presentDi = frame['nihaDi'] or nil,
		pastBi    = frame['borîBi'] or nil,
		pastDi    = frame['borîDi'] or nil,
		sameBi    = frame['bi'] or nil,
		sameDi    = frame['di'] or nil,
		-- overrideNegPrefix:
		presentNa  = frame['na'] or nil,
		presentNe  = frame['nihaNe'] or nil,
		pastNe     = frame['borîNe'] or nil,
		sameNe     = frame['ne'] or nil,
		impMe      = frame['me'] or nil,
		
        impNegForm     = 1,
		tags           = args['lînk'] or 'erê',
		accent         = args['devok'] or 'std',
    }
	
	local tense        = frame.args['dem'] or nil
	local pers         = frame.args['kes'] or nil
    local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
    local pastStems    = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}

    -- A few checks
    if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = true
    elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = false
    else
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
    else
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
    end

    if (baseOpts.isNegative == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isNegative = true
    end

	local tabConj = export.conjugateMultiStem(baseOpts, tense, presentStems, pastStems).conj
	
    return tabConj[pers]
end

-- ====================================================================================
-- GET COMMMA SEPARED FORMS
-- Bnr. [[MediaWiki:Gadget-QQ.js]]
-- Ex. {{#invoke:ku-tewandin|get_comma_separated_forms|niha=kev|borî=ket}}
-- ====================================================================================
function export.get_comma_separated_forms(frame)
    local opts = {
        presentStem     = frame.args['niha'],
        pastStem        = frame.args['borî'],
        isTransitive    = false,
        isNegative      = false,
        isCompoundVerb  = frame['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb   = frame['pêşgir'] or '',
        postSimpleVerb  = frame['paşgir'] or '',
		-- overridePreverb:
		presentBi = frame['nihaBi'] or nil,
		presentDi = frame['nihaDi'] or nil,
		pastBi    = frame['borîBi'] or nil,
		pastDi    = frame['borîDi'] or nil,
		sameBi    = frame['bi'] or nil,
		sameDi    = frame['di'] or nil,
		-- overrideNegPrefix:
		presentNa  = frame['na'] or nil,
		presentNe  = frame['nihaNe'] or nil,
		pastNe     = frame['borîNe'] or nil,
		sameNe     = frame['ne'] or nil,
		impMe      = frame['me'] or nil,
		
        impNegForm     = 1,
		tags           = 'na', -- Remove links/tags
		addPreverbParticles = 'na' -- Remove preverb particles (ê/dê)
    }

   local function concateList(tenseList)
        local concatList = {}
        for _, pers in ipairs({&quot;s1&quot;, &quot;s2&quot;, &quot;s3&quot;, &quot;p1&quot;}) do
        	local tense = tenseList[pers]
            table.insert(concatList, tense)
        end

        return table.concat(concatList, &quot;,&quot;)
   end

   	local tenseList = {'indPresent','indPreterite','indImperfect',
                      'indPluperfect','indPerfect','indNwPluperfect',
                      'indFuture','indFuturePerfect',
                      'subjImperfect','subjPluperfect'
                    }
                    
    local concatAllTense = {}
    
    for  i = 1, #tenseList do
        local tense = tenseList[i]
        if export.tenseRules[tense] then
            opts.tense = tense
            local conj = shallowCopy(export.conjugate(opts).conj)
            local concatTense = concateList(conj)
            table.insert(concatAllTense, concatTense)
        end
    end
    
    return table.concat(concatAllTense, &quot;,&quot;)
end

return export</text>
      <sha1>1q29dc6lte916kee86l6hfn43jg1mc2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Modul:ku-tewandin/tabloGotar</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>1357097</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237717</id>
      <parentid>6237500</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-15T02:11:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>6237717</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="6287" sha1="4ptxvqgr48ir7kftb0zboy4cghp5yjq" xml:space="preserve">-- ====================================================================================
-- Modula tabloya gotaran, bikaranîn: {{ku-tewîn-lk}}
-- Ji bo tabloya mezin, bnr. [[Modul:ku-tewandin/tablo]]
-- Ji bo stîla vê tabloyê, bnr. {{ku-tewîn-nav/style.css}}
-- ====================================================================================
local export = {}

local conj = require('Modul:ku-tewandin')

function export.tew(frame)
   local args = frame:getParent().args

    local baseOpts = {
        isTransitive   = args['form'],
        isNegative     = false,
        isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = args['pêşgir'] or nil,
        postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or nil,
        accent         = args['devok'] or 'std',
        impNegForm     = 1,
		-- overridePreverb:
		presentBi      = args['nihaBi'] or nil,
		presentDi      = args['nihaDi'] or nil,
		pastBi         = args['borîBi'] or nil,
		pastDi         = args['borîDi'] or nil,
		sameBi         = args['bi'] or nil,
		sameDi         = args['di'] or nil,
		-- overrideNegPrefix:
		presentNa      = args['na'] or nil,
		presentNe      = args['nihaNe'] or nil,
		pastNe         = args['borîNe'] or nil,
		sameNe         = args['ne'] or nil,
		impMe          = args['me'] or nil,
		
		-- tags           = 'erê',
		-- addPreverbParticles = 'erê'
    }
	
    local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
    local pastStems = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}

    if (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'gerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = true
    elseif (baseOpts.isTransitive == 'negerguhêz') then
        baseOpts.isTransitive = false
    else
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;form = gerguhêz / negerguhêz&lt;/span&gt;'
    end

    if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
    else
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
    end

    -- Retrieving conjugation tables for different tenses
	local indPresent = conj.conjugateMultiStem(baseOpts, 'indPresent', presentStems, pastStems).conj
	local impPresent = conj.conjugateMultiStem(baseOpts, 'impPresent', presentStems, pastStems).conj
	local indPreterite = conj.conjugateMultiStem(baseOpts, 'indPreterite', presentStems, pastStems).conj
	
	-- Past pronouns for preterite tense
	local prtPronouns = conj.conjPronouns('past', 'indicative', baseOpts.isTransitive)
	
	-- =========================================================================
	-- TABLE
	-- =========================================================================
	-- Construction of the verbal stems for the table title (&quot;rehNiha&quot; and &quot;rehBori&quot;)
	local verb = args[1] or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText
    local transitivity = args['form']
	local preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or ''
	local postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or ''
	local sameConjAs = args['wekî'] or nil

	local prsStemsFormat = {}
	for _, stem in ipairs(presentStems) do
	    if stem then prsStemsFormat[#prsStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
	end
	
	local pstStemsFormat = {}
	for _, stem in ipairs(pastStems) do
	    if stem then pstStemsFormat[#pstStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
	end
	
	local prsStems = table.concat(prsStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb
	local pstStems = table.concat(pstStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb
	
	-- Formata &quot;Raweya pêşkerî&quot; (RP.)
	local indTitle = '&lt;span style=&quot;cursor:help;&quot; title=&quot;Raweya pêşkerî&quot;&gt;'
					.. '&lt;span style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px dotted #555555; &quot;&gt;RP.&lt;/span&gt;'
				.. '&lt;/span&gt;'
	
	local function nobold(str)
		return '&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt; '.. str .. '&lt;/span&gt;'
	end

	-- Preloads [[Şablon:ku-tewandin/preload]]
	local function preloadUrl(title, preload)
	    local params = {
	    	args['form'],
	    	args['niha'],
	    	args['niha2'] or nil,
	    	args['niha3'] or nil,
	    	args['borî'],
	    	args['borî2'] or nil,
	    	args['pêşgir'] or nil,
	  		args['valahî'] or nil,
	    	args['paşgir'] or nil
	    }

		local query = {
			action = 'edit',
			preload = preload,
			['preloadparams'] = params
		}

	    local url = mw.uri.fullUrl(title, query)
	    url = '&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;['
		          .. tostring(url)
		          .. ' &lt;span style=&quot;color:#9f3526&quot;&gt;'.. title .. '&lt;/span&gt;'
              .. ']&lt;/span&gt;'
	    
	    return url
	end

	-- Formên din
	local otherConjForms
	if (mw.title.new(verb, 'Tewandin').exists == true) then
	    otherConjForms = '[['.. 'Tewandin:'.. verb ..']]'
	elseif sameConjAs then
		otherConjForms = 'wekî [['.. 'Tewandin:' .. sameConjAs ..']]'
	else
		otherConjForms = preloadUrl('Tewandin:' .. verb, 'Şablon:ku-tewandin/preload')
	end
	
   return 
'{| class=&quot;wikitable tablo-flip tewandin-tablo mw-collapsible&quot;'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;3&quot; class=&quot;row-flip tewandin-header&quot; |'
			..  verb .. ' ' .. nobold('('.. transitivity .. '&lt;/span&gt;)')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;3&quot; class=&quot;tewandin-header3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot; |'
			.. nobold('Rehê dema niha:') .. ' ' .. prsStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |' .. indTitle .. '&lt;br&gt;Niha'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| width=&quot;60&quot; |ez'
.. '\n| width=&quot;100&quot; |' .. indPresent.s1
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| tu'
.. '\n|' ..  indPresent.s2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| ew'
.. '\n|' ..  indPresent.s3
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| em, hûn, ew'
.. '\n| ' ..  indPresent.p1
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Fermanî'
.. '\n| width=&quot;60&quot;  | &lt;small&gt;Yekjimar&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n| width=&quot;100&quot; |' ..  impPresent.s2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| width=&quot;60&quot;  | &lt;small&gt;Pirjimar&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n| width=&quot;100&quot; |' ..  impPresent.p2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;3&quot; class=&quot;tewandin-header3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot; |'
			.. nobold('Rehê dema borî:') .. ' ' .. pstStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |'.. indTitle ..'&lt;br&gt;Boriya&lt;br&gt;sade'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|' .. prtPronouns.s1
.. '\n|' .. indPreterite.s1
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|' .. prtPronouns.s2
.. '\n|' .. indPreterite.s2
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|' .. prtPronouns.s3
.. '\n|' .. indPreterite.s3
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|' .. prtPronouns.p1 .. ', ' ..  prtPronouns.p2 .. ', ' .. prtPronouns.p3
.. '\n|' .. indPreterite.p1
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; background-color:#transparent;&quot; |'
			.. 'Formên din: [[Wêne:1rightarrow.png|15px|link=]]' .. otherConjForms
.. '\n|}'

end

return export</text>
      <sha1>4ptxvqgr48ir7kftb0zboy4cghp5yjq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Şablon:ku-dem-lîste</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>1357125</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237730</id>
      <parentid>6236011</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-15T06:38:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>6237730</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3319" sha1="j7phuqvbz7yhasjp1vgr0807jokwkjh" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;wikitable mw-collapsible &lt;includeonly&gt;mw-collapsed&lt;/includeonly&gt;&quot; style=&quot;background-color:white;&quot;
|-
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Lîsteya nav û şablonên lêkerên kurmancî{{pad|0.3em}}&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{nobold|1=&amp;#91;[[Şablon:ku-dem-lîste|biguhêre]]&amp;#93;}}&lt;/small&gt;{{pad|0.3em}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;
|-
! style=&quot;background-color:#f2f2f2;&quot; | Rawe
! style=&quot;background-color:#f2f2f2;&quot; | Dem
! style=&quot;background-color:#f2f2f2;&quot; | Bi îngilîzî
! style=&quot;background-color:#f2f2f2;&quot; | Mînak {{nobold|1=([[ketin]])}}
! style=&quot;background-color:#f2f2f2;&quot; | ≅
! style=&quot;background-color:#f2f2f2;&quot; | Şablon
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:#FFCC99&quot; | ''Imp.''
| id=&quot;imperative&quot; | Fermanî
| ''Imperative'' || [[bikeve]] || || {{ş|ku-fermanî}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#FFDBA8&quot; | ''Ind.''
| id=&quot;indPresent&quot; | Dema niha
| ''Present'' || ez [[dikevim]] || || {{ş|ku-dema-niha}}
|-
| id=&quot;indPreterite&quot; | Raboriya sade&lt;br&gt;Dema boriya têdeyî
| ''Simple past'' || ez [[ketim]] || || {{ş|ku-raboriya-sade}}
|-
| id=&quot;indImperfect&quot; | Raboriya berdest&lt;br&gt;Çîrokiya dema niha
| ''Imperfect'' || ez [[diketim]] || || {{ş|ku-raboriya-berdest}}
|-
| id=&quot;indPluperfect&quot; | Raboriya dûr&lt;br&gt;Çîrokiya boriya têdeyî
| ''Pluperfect'' || ez [[ketibûm]]|| || {{ş|ku-raboriya-dûr}}
|-
| id=&quot;indFuture&quot; | Dema bê
| ''Future'' || ez ê [[bikevim]] || A || {{ş|ku-dema-bê}}
|-
| id=&quot;indFuturePrefect&quot; | Dathatiya pêş
| ''Future perfect'' || ez ê [[ketibim]] || B || {{ş|ku-dahatiya-pêş}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#FFEBB8&quot; | ''Ind.&lt;br/&gt;(Infer.)''
| id=&quot;inferPerfect&quot; | Raboriya dûdar&lt;br&gt;Dema boriya dûdar
| ''Perfect'' || ez [[ketime]] || || {{ş|ku-raboriya-dûdar}}
|-
| id=&quot;inferPluperfect&quot; | Çîrokiya boriya dûdar
| ''Non-witnessed pluperfect'' || ez [[ketibûme]] || || {{ş|ku-çîrokiya-boriya-dûdar}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#FFF6CC&quot; | ''Subj.''
| Dema nihaya xwestekî&lt;br&gt;Nihaya bilaniyê || ''Present subjunctive'' || (bila) ez [[bikevim]] || A || 
|-
| id=&quot;subjPreterite&quot; | Dema boriya xwestekî
| ''Preterite subjunctive'' || (bila) ez [[ketibim]] || B || 
|-
| id=&quot;subjImperfect&quot; | Raboriya bilaniyê
| ''Imperfect subjunctive'' || (bila) ez [[biketama]] || C || 
|-
| id=&quot;subjPluperfect&quot; | Raboriya dûr a bilaniyê
| ''Pluperfect subjunctive'' || (bila) ez [[ketibûma]] || D || 
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color:#FFF9E0&quot; | ''Cond.''
| id=&quot;condPresent&quot; | Çîrokiya dema nihaya mercî
| ''Present conditional'' || ez ê [[biketama]] || C || {{ş|ku-merciya-borî-I}}
|-
| id=&quot;condPreterite&quot; | Dema boriya mercî
| ''Preterite conditional'' || ez ê [[ketibûma]] || D || {{ş|ku-merciya-borî-II}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;font-size:small; background-color:#f2f2f2;&quot; |
{| style=&quot;background-color:transparent;&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |
* '''''Imp.''' (Imperative)'': Raweya fermanî
* '''''Ind.''' (Indicative)'': Raweya pêşkerî (daxuyanî)
* '''''Infer.''' ({{w|inferential mood|ziman=en}})'': Moda/raweya neşahidî
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |
* '''''Subj.''' (Subjunctive)'': Raweya xwestekî (bilanî, daxwazî)
* '''''Cond.''' (Conditional)'': Raweya mercî (hekînî)
|-
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; |
* '''&lt;big&gt;≅&lt;/big&gt;''' Ev form tenê bi lêzêdekirina [[pirtik]]an (ê, dê, bila) ji hev cuda dibin. Tewandinên lêkeran wekhev in.
|}
|}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{belgekirin}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>j7phuqvbz7yhasjp1vgr0807jokwkjh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Modul:ku-tewandin/tabloErgatîv</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>1357312</id>
    <revision>
      <id>6237719</id>
      <parentid>6237318</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-15T02:26:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ghybu</username>
        <id>1393</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>6237719</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="8273" sha1="e0386ho5slna6xxtlb00g0aul5sozjk" xml:space="preserve">-- [[Wîkîferheng:ceribandin]]
-- [[Template:ku-tewandin/ceribandin]]
-- [[Template:ku-tewandin/ceribandin/style.css]]

local conj = require('Modul:ku-tewandin')

local export = {}

function export.tablo(frame)
    local args = frame:getParent().args

    local baseOpts = {
        isTransitive   = false,
        isCompoundVerb = args['valahî'] or false,
        preSimpleVerb  = args['pêşgir'] or '',
        postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or '',
        overrideBi     = args['bi'] or nil,
        overrideDi     = args['di'] or nil,
        overrideNa     = args['na'] or nil,
        overrideNe     = args['ne'] or nil,
        impNegForm     = nil,
		addPreverbParticles = 'na' -- Remove preverb particles (ê/dê)
    }
	
    local presentStems = {args['niha'], args['niha2'], args['niha3']}
    local pastStems    = {args['borî'], args['borî2'], args['borî3']}

	local transitivity = args['form']
    if (transitivity ~= 'gerguhêz' and transitivity ~= 'negerguhêz') then
        return '&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;form = gerghuhêz / negerguhêz&lt;/span&gt;'
    end
	
    if (baseOpts.isCompoundVerb == 'erê') then
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = true
    else
        baseOpts.isCompoundVerb = false
    end

    -- Conjugation table in all tenses
	local concatPrs = false
    local conjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, 'positive', concatPrs)
    -- Negatives conjugations table
    local negConjTab = conj.conjugateAllTenses(baseOpts, presentStems, pastStems, 'negative', concatPrs)

    -- Construction of conjugation table whose dimensions change depending on
    -- whether it is a transitive verb or not; and whether there is a preverbParticle (yes or no).
	-- First, we create the table header, then the body (content).
	local function tenseTableHeader(tense)
		local tabHeader = function(col)
			local header = '\n! id=&quot;' .. conjTab[tense].name .. '&quot;'
			           .. 'class=&quot;' .. conjTab[tense].stem .. '-stem tense-table-title&quot; colspan=&quot;'.. col .. '&quot; |'
			           .. conjTab[tense].nameKu
			           .. '- &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;-{'.. conjTab[tense].nameEn ..'}-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
			           .. '\n|-'
			return header
	    end

		local preverbParticle = ''
		local tabH = tabHeader(4)
		
		if conjTab[tense].preverbParticle == &quot;ê&quot; then
			tabH = tabHeader(5)
			preverbParticle = '\n! class=&quot;agent-title&quot; | '
						
		end
		
		local tenseHeader =  tabHeader(2)
		                     .. '\n! class=&quot;negative&quot; | Erênî'
	                          ..'\n! class=&quot;positive&quot; | Neyînî'
		                     .. '\n|-'
		
	    if (conjTab[tense].stem == &quot;past&quot; and transitivity == &quot;gerguhêz&quot;) then
			tenseHeader = tabH
			               .. '\n! class=&quot;agent-title&quot; | Biker &lt;span class=&quot;toggle-width&quot;&gt;zêde &lt;span class=&quot;arrow&quot;&gt;›&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'
	                        .. preverbParticle
	                        .. '\n! class=&quot;object-title&quot;  | Berkar'
	                        .. '\n! class=&quot;negative&quot;      | Erênî'
	                        .. '\n! class=&quot;positive&quot;      | Neyînî'
			               ..  '\n|-'
		end
		return tenseHeader
	end
	
	local function tenseTableBody(tense, pers)
		local preverbParticles = conj.getPreverbParticles(conjTab[tense].preverbParticle, 
															conjTab[tense].stem, false)

		local bila = ''
		if conjTab[tense].mode == &quot;subjunctive&quot; then
			bila = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(bila) &lt;/span&gt;'
		end
		
		local preverbParticle = ''
		if conjTab[tense].preverbParticle == &quot;ê&quot; then
			preverbParticle = '\n| class=&quot;particle&quot; | (y)ê/dê'
		end
		
		local body = '\n|' .. bila .. conj.pronouns[pers] .. ' ' .. preverbParticles[pers] .. ' ' .. conjTab[tense].conj[pers]
				  .. '\n|' .. bila .. conj.pronouns[pers] .. ' ' .. preverbParticles[pers] .. ' ' .. negConjTab[tense].conj[pers]
				  .. '\n|-'
		
		if (conjTab[tense].stem == &quot;past&quot; and transitivity == &quot;gerguhêz&quot;) then
			body = '\n| class=&quot;agent&quot;   |' .. bila .. conj.agents[pers]
				   .. preverbParticle
				   .. '\n| class=&quot;object&quot;  |' .. conj.pronouns[pers]
				   .. '\n|' .. conjTab[tense].conj[pers]
				   .. '\n|' .. negConjTab[tense].conj[pers]
				   .. '\n|-'
		end
		
		return body
	end
	
    -- Construction of the conjugation table for a given tense: the header
	-- and the body are combined.
    local function conjugateTable(tense)
        local tenseBody = ''
        local tenseHeader = tenseTableHeader(tense)
		
        for _, pers in ipairs(conj.order) do
           tenseBody = tenseBody .. tenseTableBody(tense, pers)
        end
		local tab = '\n{| cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;tense-table&quot;' 
					.. '\n|-'
		            .. tenseHeader
		            .. tenseBody
		       .. '\n|}'
        return tab
    end

	--Retrieving some parameters for creating the main table header
	local verb = args[1]
    local preSimpleVerb = args['pêşgir'] or ''
    local postSimpleVerb = args['paşgir'] or ''
	
	-- Cureyê lêkerê
	local verbStruc =  conj.verbStruct(baseOpts.isCompoundVerb, baseOpts.preSimpleVerb)
	if (verbStruc == 'preverbVerb') then
		verbStruc = 'pêkhatî'
	elseif (verbStruc == 'compoundVerb') then
		verbStruc = 'hevedudanî'
	else
		verbStruc = 'xwerû'
	end

	local prsStemsFormat = {}
	for _, stem in ipairs(presentStems) do
	    if stem then prsStemsFormat[#prsStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
	end
	local pstStemsFormat = {}
	for _, stem in ipairs(pastStems) do
	    if stem then pstStemsFormat[#pstStemsFormat+1] = preSimpleVerb .. '-' .. stem ..'-' end
	end
	local prsStems = table.concat(prsStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb
	local pstStems = table.concat(pstStemsFormat, ' / ') .. postSimpleVerb

   return
'{| align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;conj-table&quot;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; class=&quot;title&quot; | Tewandina lêkera [[' .. verb .. ']]&lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot;&gt;(' .. verbStruc .. ', ' .. transitivity .. ')&lt;/span&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;present-stem&quot; | Rehê dema niha'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal; text-align:center; border-bottom:dotted 1px grey;&quot; | ' .. prsStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;past-stem&quot; | Rehê dema borî'
.. '\n! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;&quot; | ' .. pstStems
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n|'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;imp&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya fermanî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Imperative&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' 
	.. '\n{| cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;tense-table&quot;'
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n! class=&quot;negative&quot; | Erênî'
		.. '\n! class=&quot;positive&quot; | Neyînî'
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n| &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(tû)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.s2
		.. '\n| &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(tû)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.s2
		.. '\n|-'
		.. '\n| &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(hûn)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. conjTab.impPresent.conj.p2
		.. '\n| &lt;span style=&quot;color:gray&quot;&gt;(hûn)&lt;/span&gt; ' .. negConjTab.impPresent.conj.p2
	..'\n|}'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;ind&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya pêşkerî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Indicative&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPresent')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPreterite')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indImperfect')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuture')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indFuturePerfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indPerfect')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('indNwPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;subj&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya xwestekî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Subjunctive&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPresent')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPreterite')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjImperfect')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('subjPluperfect')
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;8&quot; id=&quot;cond&quot; class=&quot;mood&quot; | Raweya mercî - &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conditional&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;'
.. '\n|-'
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('condPresent')
.. '\n| colspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; | ' .. conjugateTable('condPreterite')
.. '\n|}'
end

return export</text>
      <sha1>e0386ho5slna6xxtlb00g0aul5sozjk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>