Wikipedia kwwiki https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folen_dre MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.21 first-letter Media Arbennek Keskows Devnydhyer Keskows Devnydhyer Wikipedia Keskows Wikipedia Restren Keskows Restren MediaWiki Keskows MediaWiki Skantlyn Keskows Skantlyn Gweres Keskows Gweres Klass Keskows Klass Porth Keskows Porth TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 8081 229427 228099 2026-09-25T06:41:32Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229427 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Restren:Charles Bronson Cannes.jpg|thumb|Charles Bronson]] '''Charles Dennis Buchinsky''' (3 Du [[1921]] &ndash; 30 Est [[2003]]) o gwarier [[Pobel Statys Unys|amerikan]] geryes da. {{Stock-tus}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bronson, Charles}} [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1921]] [[Klass:Gorcita an Eledh]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon bellwolok amerikanek]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon fylm amerikanek]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon fylm bughwesyon]] [[Klass:Mernansow 2003]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Statys Unys]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kleves a’n skevens]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kleves kardiovaskulek]] [[Klass:Soudoryon]] [[Klass:Ynkleudhyansow yn Vermont]] 09b5ogjvfwgcxvt71kqjof8us9h3fdo 0 8097 229416 227964 2026-09-25T06:19:15Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229416 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Den|fetchwikidata=ALL|qid=Q16390}} '''Humphrey DeForest Bogart''' (25 Kevardhu [[1899]] &ndash; 14 Genver [[1957]]) o gwarier [[Pobel Statys Unys|amerikan]] geryes da. {{Stock-tus-sua}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bogart, Humphrey}} [[Klass:Amerikanyon a dhevedhyans sowsnek]] [[Klass:Demokratyon]] [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1899]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon fylm amerikanek]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon lev amerikanek]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon radyo]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon wariva amerikanek]] [[Klass:Gwaynyoryon Pewas Akademi Gwella Gwarier]] [[Klass:Manhattan]] [[Klass:Mernansow 1957]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Statys Unys]] [[Klass:Ynkleudhyansow yn Konteth an Eledh]] [[Klass:Amerikanyon]] [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1899]] [[Klass:Mernansow 1957]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon amerikanek]] so4y3otmpk64pouwxd6lvd4akp99xa6 0 8099 229419 228831 2026-09-25T06:27:20Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Den|fetchwikidata=ALL}} '''Vincent Leonard Price, Jr.''' (27 Me 1911 &ndash; 25 Hedra 1993) o gwarier [[Pobel Statys Unys|amerikan]] geryes da. {{Stock-tus-sua}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Price, Vincent}} [[Klass:Amerikanyon a dhevedhyans sowsnek]] [[Klass:Amerikanyon LKDT]] [[Klass:Demokratyon]] [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1911]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon bellwolok amerikanek]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon fylm amerikanek]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon lev amerikanek]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon LKDT]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon radyo]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon wariva amerikanek]] [[Klass:Gweythresoryon amerikanek]] [[Klass:Gweythresoryon gwiryow LKDT]] [[Klass:Istorioryon]] [[Klass:Mernansow 1993]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Statys Unys]] [[Klass:Skriforyon amerikanek]] [[Klass:Skriforyon LKDT]] [[Klass:Ynkleudhyansow yn mor]] 1mt21185tmvroefwnkf252d0wpbsjyu 0 8101 229426 223646 2026-09-25T06:40:35Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229426 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Restren:Dennis Hopper Cannes 2008 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Dennis Hopper]] '''Dennis Lee Hopper''' (17 Me 1936 &ndash; 29 Me 2010) o gwarier [[Pobel Statys Unys|amerikan]] geryes da. {{Stock-tus}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hopper, Dennis}} [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1936]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon bellwolok amerikanek]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon fylm amerikanek]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon lev amerikanek]] [[Klass:Kevarwodhoryon fylm]] [[Klass:Mernansow 2010]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Statys Unys]] [[Klass:Ynkleudhyansow yn Meksiko Nowydh]] 5octqooeo3r22lz918nl0b6i926jllp 0 9136 229414 227963 2026-09-25T06:15:16Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229414 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Restren:Don Ameche 1964.JPG|thumb|Ameche, [[1964]]]] '''Dominic Felix Amici''' ([[1908]] – [[1993]]) o gwarier [[Pobel Statys Unys|amerikan]] geryes da. {{Stock-tus-sua}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ameche, Don}} [[Klass:Amerikanyon a dhevedhyans italek]] [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1908]] [[Klass:Gorcita Chicago]] [[Klass:Gesyoryon]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon bellwolok amerikanek]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon fylm amerikanek]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon lev amerikanek]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon radyo]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon wariva amerikanek]] [[Klass:Gwaynyoryon Pewas Akademi Gwella Gwarier-Skoodhya]] [[Klass:Kanoryon amerikanek]] [[Klass:Mernansow 1993]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Statys Unys]] [[Klass:Parti Repoblikanek]] [[Klass:Ynkleudhyansow yn Iowa]] 91ut90xpp6xh7zxdmo09ae9ot6uxzpj 0 9259 229418 227205 2026-09-25T06:23:53Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229418 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Lewydh Statys Unys | hanow =Ulysses Grant | skeusen =Ulysses S. Grant 1870-1880.jpg | niver =18ves | sodhans =4 Meurth 1869 – 4 Meurth 1877 | parti = [[Parti Repoblikanek|Republican]] | kyns = [[Andrew Johnson]] | wosa = [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] | islewydh =Schuyler Colfax (1869-73)<br /> Henry Wilson (1873-1875)<br /> Gwag (1875-77) }} '''Ulysses S. Grant '''(genys Hiram Ulysses Grant; 27 mis Ebryl 1822 – 23 mis Gortheren 1885) o [[Lywydhyon a'n Statys Unys Amerika|Lewydh]] [[Statys Unys|an Statys Unys]]. Ev o ombrofyer Republikan yn etholansow 1868 ha 1872. {{DEFAULTSORT:Grant, Ulysses}} {{stock-tus-sua}} [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1822]] [[Klass:Istorioryon]] [[Klass:Lewydhyon a'n Statys Unys]] [[Klass:Mernansow 1885]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Statys Unys]] [[Klass:Ombrofyoryon]] [[Klass:Parti Repoblikanek]] [[Klass:Perghennow kethyon amerikanek]] [[Klass:Skriforyon amerikanek]] [[Klass:Soudoryon]] [[Klass:Ynkleudhyansow yn Evrek Nowydh]] 5m0gx7k2vt2godlk69md32e6xca4ds6 0 9856 229415 227990 2026-09-25T06:17:04Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229415 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Restren:John Wayne Publicity Photo 1952.jpg|thumb|John Wayne (1952)]] '''John Wayne''' (26 [[Me]] [[1907]] – 11 [[Metheven]] [[1979]]) o gwarier [[Pobel Statys Unys|amerikan]] geryes da. == Fylmow == * 1965: The Sons of Katie Elder * 1966: Cast a Giant Shadow * 1966: El Dorado * 1967: The War Wagon * 1968: The Green Berets * 1968: Hellfighters * 1969: True Grit * 1969: The Undefeated * 1970: Chisum * 1970: Rio Lobo {{Stock-tus}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Wayne, John }} [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1907]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon bel droos amerikanek]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon fylm amerikanek]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon fylm bughwesyon]] [[Klass:Gwaynyoryon Pewas Akademi Gwella Gwarier]] [[Klass:Gweythresoryon amerikanek]] [[Klass:Kevarwodhoryon fylm]] [[Klass:Masons Rydh]] [[Klass:Mernansow 1979]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Statys Unys]] [[Klass:Parti Repoblikanek]] [[Klass:Ynkleudhyansow yn Kaliforni]] 2ew285ctg1qwjx1mbckps7hk6manupa 0 10153 229420 223691 2026-09-25T06:28:58Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229420 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Restren:Fred Rogers White House.jpg|thumb|Rogers, [[2002]]]] '''Frederick McFeely''' "'''Fred'''" '''Rogers''' ([[20 Meurth]], [[1928]] - 2003) o gwarier [[Pobel Statys Unys|amerikan]] geryes da. {{Stock-tus}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rogers, Fred}} [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1928]] [[Klass:Gorcita Pitt]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon bellwolok amerikanek]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon lev amerikanek]] [[Klass:Kanoryon amerikanek]] [[Klass:Komposydhyon]] [[Klass:Mernansow 2003]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Statys Unys]] [[Klass:Skriforyon amerikanek]] [[Klass:Ynkleudhyansow yn Pennsylvani]] ablg8rx98dgoj9eeictgdx0hw8dyqsc 0 11383 229412 225687 2026-09-25T06:11:57Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229412 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Restren:FredWillardApr08.jpg|thumb]] '''Frederick Charles Willard''' ([[1933]]–[[2020]]) o gwarier a'n [[Statys Unys]]. {{stock-tus-sua}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Willard, Fred}} [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1933]] [[Klass:Gesyoryon]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon bellwolok amerikanek]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon fylm amerikanek]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon lev amerikanek]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon wari gwydhyow amerikanek]] [[Klass:Mernansow 2020]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Statys Unys]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kleves kardiovaskulek]] [[Klass:Ynkleudhyansow yn Konteth an Eledh]] siz6q1axdkj4dsmtuonmf3zm516oypx 0 13219 229409 228597 2026-09-25T00:37:23Z InternetArchiveBot 12414 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 229409 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Lle | fetchwikidata=ALL | suppressfields = }}'''Tour klock Manara''' po '''tour klock al-Manura'''<ref>{{cite web|last=Guide|first=Nablus|title=Nablus Today|url=http://www.nablusguide.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=59:nablus-today&catid=39:history&Itemid=60|accessdate=2 January 2014|archive-date=2 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102192517/http://www.nablusguide.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=59:nablus-today&catid=39:history&Itemid=60|url-status=dead}}</ref> ew tour klock desedhys en kres plen an varghas (''casbah'') cita goth Nablus ryb an Mosk An-Nasr en Tiredhow Palestayn.<ref name=Semplici>Semplici, Andrea and Boccia, Mario. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170708122053/http://www.ucodep.org/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=631&Itemid=90 - Nablus, At the Foot of the Holy Mountain]</ref> Ev a gomprehend pymp leur, derevys en [[1906]] dre worhebmyn sodon an Emperoureth Ottoman, Abdul Hamid II, rag solempnya 30 bledhen y reyn.<ref name=Semplici/><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20041019034027/http://www.islamicart.co.il/english/clock.asp Seven clock towers were built in the Land of Israel] L.A. Mayer Museum for Islamic Art - Jerusalem, 2004.</ref> Haval ew an tour dhe'n re na derevys gen Sodon Sultan Abdul Hamid en Tripoli (lebmyn en Lebnon) ha Jaffa.<ref name=Semplici/> Ema dhe Dour Klock Manara od dhe'n sodon en lytherenyeth arabek afinus.<ref>La Guardia, 2002, p.315.</ref> Arwodh ew Tour Klock Manara a vurjestra Nablus, apoyntys woja trygh parti politek Hamas en etholans Palestayn [[2006]] e'n cita na.<ref>Barnard, Anne. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184401/http://www.boston.com/news/world/articles/2006/01/17/hamas_campaign_throws_politics_into_confusion/ Hamas campaign throws politics into confusion, Palestinians and Israelis unsure if it is moderating], Globe Newspaper Company. 17 January 2006.</ref> ==Dustuni== {{reflist}} ==Bewskrif== * {{Citation|title=War Without End: Israelis, Palestinians, and the Struggle for a Promised Land|first1=Anton|last1=La Guardia|publisher=Macmillan|year=2002|ISBN=0-312-27669-9|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/warwithoutend00anto}} {{udn k}} [[Klass:Drehevyansow yn Asi]] [[Klass:Stat a Balestin]] [[Klass:Touryow]] ibpo6xqmztfeign70xkje6jj5e4ewoa 0 13349 229407 228925 2026-09-25T00:20:44Z InternetArchiveBot 12414 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 229407 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nintendo Co., Ltd.''' (Japanek: 任天堂 株式会社 Nintendo Kabushiki gaisha) yw cowethas electronek usy owth arbenegy in gwariow video. Fùndyes a veu 23 Gwynngala 1889 in [[Kyoto]], [[Japan]] gans Fusajiro Yamauchi. Meur yw hanow Nintendo dre rêson a’y gonsolennow hedhon avell an Game Boy ha'n Nintendo DS, a’y gonsolennow tre kepar ha'n Nintendo Entertainment System ha'n Wii, kefrÿs ha lies steus gwary ow comprehendya Mario, The Legend of Zelda ha Pokémon. == Istory == === Dalathfos le-aswonys === Bys penn 74 bledhen wosa hy fùndyans 23 Gwynngala 1889, ny wrug Nintendo ascor marnas cartennow gwary. I’n dalathfos, lêdys gans Fusajiro Yamauchi, Nintendo a wrug hanafuda (花札 ‘cartennow flour’) yn unnyk<ref name="Ashcraft 2011">https://web.archive.org/web/20181124030451/https://kotaku.com/5784314/the-nintendo-theyve-tried-to-forget-gambling-gangsters-and-love-hotels</ref><ref name="Istory Nintendo">https://www.nintendo.co.jp/corporate/en/history/index.html</ref><ref name="Kohler 2013">https://web.archive.org/web/20141218125805/http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2013-09/20/hiroshi-yamauchi</ref>. Y fedha cartennow Nintendo gwrÿs dre dhorn a rusk morbren i’n dedhyow avarr, hag afinusterow ink a vedha paintyes warnodhans<ref name="Firestone">Firestone, Mary. Nintendo: The Company and Its Founders. (Edina, MN: ABDO Publishing Company, 2011), pp. 16-21</ref>. Y a veu an cartennow moyha kerys gans pobel Kyoto, ha Yamauchi a wrug degemeres lowr a gosmers a’n yakuza (mafya Japan), a wre devnyth a hanafuda dhe hapwary ha dallath pùb gwary gans packet a gartennow nowyth-flàm<ref name="Firestone" />. Yamauchi a wrug kemeres arvedhesygyon nowyth ha desky dhedhans may halla Nintendo contentya demond an yakuza. 1907, ev a voghhas an gowethas arta dhe vos an kensa cowethas in Japan dhe ascor cartennow gwary a sort an west. Adro dhe’n eur-na, Yamauchi a wrug bargennya may fe cartennow Nintendo gwerthys in shoppys backa oll adro dhe’n nacyon<ref name="Firestone" />. Nyns esa dhe Fusajiro Yamauchi mab vÿth, ha herwyth laha Japan, ny ylly ev istyn y gowethas dh’y vyrgh<ref name="Firestone" />. Rag sensy Nintendo i’n teylu, y feu res dhe Yamauchi gortos erna wrella onen a’y vyrhas demedhy. Y vyrgh, Tei, a wrug demedhy gans Sekiryo Kaneda, neb a gemeras hanow teylu Tei, dell o an ûsadow in Japan mars esa gour ow kemeres cowethas teylu y wreg<ref name="Firestone" />. Sekiryo Yamauchi a veu presydent Nintendo 1929, ha’n gowethas a gartennow a wrug soweny ganso lêdys<ref name="Firestone" />. Ev a vyldyas sodhvaow nowyth, ha scoren lesrannans gelwys Marufuku (丸福, 'fortun tien' pò 'kelgh a fortun'), dhodho lies sort nowyth a garten gwary arnowyth<ref name="Firestone" />. Ny gafas Tei ha Sekiryo mab vÿth. Aga myrgh, Kimi, a wrug demedhy gans Shikanojo Inaba<ref name="Firestone" />. Ev a gemeras hanow teylu Kimi, saw ny wrug ev bythqweth perhenna Nintendo<ref name="Firestone" />, drefen y whrug ev gasa an teylu pàn o y vab pymp bloodh<ref name="Thomas 2012">http://uk.ign.com/articles/2012/05/25/hiroshi-yamauchi-nintendos-legendary-president</ref>. Hiroshi, mab Kimi ha Shikanojo, a veu an kensa er gorow a veu genys in Nintendo<ref name="Firestone" />. Ny ylly Kimi hy honen oll kemeres with a Hiroshi, ytho ev êth dh’y gerens wynn<ref name="Firestone" />. Tei a wrug dhe Hiroshi remainya i’n scol in le jùnya dhe’n lu dell o whans dhodho<ref name="Firestone" /><ref name="Thomas 2012" />. Hiroshi a worthebas dhe sevureth y gerens wynn dre gowntnans rebel hag ev a wrug dysqwedhyans a’y rychys<ref name="Firestone" /><ref name="Thomas 2012" />. Pàn wrug Hiroshi jùnya dhe scol laha Penscol Waseda in Tokyo, nyns o va porposys dhe woverna an gowethas i’n termyn ogas esa ow tos<ref name="Firestone" />. Nena, Sekiryo a gafas strocas<ref name="Firestone" />. Sekiryo a wrug omdava dh’y vab wynn, ha hemma a bromyssyas y whre va degemeres soodh presydent Nintendo, mara qwrussa Sekiryo gordhyllo cosyn cotha Hiroshi; ny garsa Hiroshi dh’y soodh bos dyspûtys<ref name="Firestone" />. Hiroshi a wre gordhyllo pùb menystror o kelmys dhe is hengovek an lêdyoryon kyns, drefen y dhe vos godrosow<ref name="Thomas 2012" /><ref name="Firestone" />. Hiroshi a veu presydent 1949<ref name="Firestone" />. Dres an bledhynnyow a wrug sewya, Hiroshi Yamauchi a veu abyl dhe ledanhe marhas an gowethas dre wul cartennow gwary a’n west ha, yn holerha, dre bryntya fygùrs a Disney wàr gil hy hartennow<ref name="Istory Nintendo" /><ref>https://www.wired.com/2010/09/0923nintendo-founded/</ref>. Ny wrug Nintendo cessya dhe gostenna tevysogyon, bytegyns, dell yllyr gweles in y gartennow noth<ref name="Ashcraft 2011" />. I’n bledhynnyow 1960, Nintendo a dhalathas gweytha cowethas taxi, Daiya (ダイヤ 'Adamant') hy hanow<ref name="Ashcraft 2011" /><ref>https://gadgets.ndtv.com/games/features/as-nintendo-turns-125-6-things-you-may-not-know-about-this-gaming-giant-596606</ref>, kefrÿs ha love hotel ha rosweyth pellwolok. Hy a wrug boos desempys, ha scubellow sùgna gans sethor, inwedh<ref name="Firestone" /><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20181123021419/https://kotaku.com/5933163/nintendo-once-made-a-vacuum-cleaner</ref>. Ny wrug onen vÿth a’n aventuryansow-ma soweny<ref name="Kohler 2013" /><ref>https://gizmodo.com/the-surprisingly-long-history-of-nintendo-1354286257</ref>. === Gwariow === ==== An bledhynnyow 1970 ==== Wosa dysplegya gwariellow a dhros moy a spêda (rag ensampel an Ultra Hand, an Ultra Machine ha’n Love Tester)<ref>http://www.businessinsider.com/before-mario-nintendos-playing-cards-toys-and-love-hotels-2011-8?IR=T</ref><ref>https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110224052115/http://www.p-nintendo.com/histoire/H-3.html</ref>, kensa gwary video gwir Nintendo, EVR Race y hanow, a dheuth 1975<ref>https://kotaku.com/nintendos-hardware-wizard-will-get-lifetime-achievement-1822572036</ref>. Nena an gowethas a launchyas an Color TV-Game 6 i’n vledhen 1977 dre gesoberyans gans Mitsubishi Electric. Hemma yw consolen dre unnborpos (na yll bos ûsys marnas rag an gwariow a veu hy gwrÿs ragthans). Wosa unn seythen yn unnyk, Nintendo a wrug dyllo versyon gwellhÿs kerra, an Color TV-Game 15<ref>http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/det/42202/Color-TV-Game-15/</ref>. TV-Game nowyth a vedha dyllys pùb bledhen bys penn 1980. ==== An bledhynnyow 1980 ==== Y trehedhas an varhas 1980 an gwariow hedhon gelwys Game & Watch. Pùb Game & Watch yw consolen vian, dhedhy unn gwary. An grows lewya, usy wàr ogasty oll sethoryon gwary video hedhyw, a veu desmygys dhe wul dhe’n Game & Watch kemeres le a spâss<ref>http://www.nintendolife.com/news/2010/02/feature_the_history_of_the_nintendo_game_and_watch</ref>. An jyn gwary Donkey Kong, dyllys 1981, a veu kensa spêda veur vÿs-efan Nintendo<ref>Mark J. P. Wolf, Encyclopedia of Video Games: The Culture, Technology, and Art of Gaming (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2021).</ref>. Ev o onen a’n kensa gwariow a wrug devnyth a levelyow liesek, ha bysy a veu an dyversyta-ma avell elven y gerensa gans an bobel<ref name="Arsenault">Dominic Arsenault, “System Profile: The Nintendo Entertainment System (NES),” in The Video Game Explosion: A History From Pong to PlayStation and Beyond, 2nd ed. (Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood, 2008), pp. 109-114.</ref>. Wosa Nintendo dhe dhelyvra an Famcom, pò Family Computer, mis Gortheren 1983, y feu dhe’n gwerthow dallath lent, saw dre rêson a argemynnow hag a dhyllans Super Mario Bros.<ref>http://grantland.com/features/the-rise-of-nintendo-video-games-history/</ref> mis Gwynngala, an gonsolen 8-byt-ma a veu meurgerys yn scon. Semlant an jyn a veu desînys arta dhe vos gwerthys in Ameryca North, mayth esa dywysyans gwariow video whath ow sawya wosa kildro 1983<ref name="Arsenault" />, pàn lavaras jornalystyon dell o “marow” gwariow video tre ena. Hanow nowyth a veu rÿs dhe’n system inwedh: NES (Nintendo Entertainment System). Yma arbenegoryon a’n dywysyans owth agria y whrug NES dasserhy jynys gwariow video in Ameryca<ref name="Arsenault" />. 1989, Game Boy a dheuth<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20141212112812/http://www.allgame.com/platform.php?id=20</ref>. Hemma a’n jeves prow Game & Watch, awos ev dhe vos hedhon, saw possybyl yw inwedh keworra gwariow dhodho ha’ga remuvya dhyworto, kepar ha NES. Nintendo a gafas an gwir dhe wertha an gwary Tetris gans aga Game Boy, ha’ga dew a veu meurgerys warbarth<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2014/jun/02/how-we-made-tetris</ref>. ==== An bledhynnyow 1990 ==== Super Famicom a veu dyllys mis Du 1990 in Japan. Dres rann vrâssa an bÿs, an gonsolen dre 16-byt-ma yw gelwys SNES (Super Nintendo Entertainment System). Solabrÿs dyllys o Mega Drive Sega – rag henna, res o dhe Nintendo gul neppyth dhe overcùmya power an kesstrîvyor 16-byt, meur y vern – ha’n dhyw gonsolen a veu rann a gesstrif crev inter dyw gowethas a Japan<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210720005751/https://venturebeat.com/2015/11/28/the-art-and-legacy-of-the-90s-console-war/</ref>. SNES a wrug mentêna stauns crev Nintendo i’n varhas a gonsolennow tre bys pàn dhyllas Sony an PlayStation<ref name="Arsenault" />. Consolen realeth furvwir, Virtual Boy hy hanow, a dhrehedhas 1995. Kynth esa Virtual Boy owth offra effethyow 3D ha power 32 byt, ny wrug Nintendo gwertha marnas 350,000 anodhans – le ages an 3 mylyon a werthow gwetyes – ha’n gonsolen a veu astellys yn cosel<ref name="Langshaw 2014">http://www.digitalspy.com/gaming/retro-gaming/feature/a562419/virtual-boy-retrospective-nintendos-disastrous-foray-into-vr/</ref>. Cablys a veu an Virtual Boy rag na ylly dysplêtya gwariow marnas in rudh wàr an gilva dhu. Nintendo a laveras dell veu unn colour ûsys yn unnyk may fe an gonsolen afordyadow, mès pùb gwary Virtual Boy a gomprehendyas gwarnyans bos possybyl cafos drog penn der y wary termyn hir dre rêson a’n dewys-ma. Croffolow erel a veu bos an gwariow drog ha’n gonsolen cales dhe ûsya<ref name="Langshaw 2014" />. Ny veu an Virtual Boy bythqweth dyllys in mes a Japan hag Ameryca North. Nintendo a wrug dyllo an Nintendo 64 1996 in Japan hag Ameryca North, ha 1997 in Ewrop hag Australya. Hemma a veu dylâtys dhyworth gwâv 1995, drefen nag o gwrÿs lowr a galesweyth, ha nag o towlenoryon whath ûsys gans gul medhelweyth rag an N64, spessly in try dymensyon<ref>https://mic.com/articles/180718/nintendo-64-21st-anniversary-celebrating-nintendos-5th-generation-console#.28RxZf21y</ref>. 32.93 mylyon a unsesow a veu prenys, yw only tressa rann a’n nyver a PlayStations a wrug Sony gwertha<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140822194702/https://venturebeat.com/2014/08/20/heres-who-won-each-console-war/</ref>. Yma an rêsons profyes rag an dyffrans-ma ow comprehendya dell esa Nintendo ow qwertha aga gwariow wàr gartryjennow, ha Sony ow cul devnyth a CD-ROMs. Wàr eyl tu, cartryjennow a ylly carga aga restrynnow yn uskyssa meur; wàr y gela, CDs o moy iselbrîs, ha rag an gonsûmyoryon ha rag an dowlenoryon<ref>Leonard Herman, “A New Generation of Home Video Game Systems,” in The Video Game Explosion: A History From Pong to PlayStation and Beyond, 2nd ed. (Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood, 2008), pp. 115-121.</ref>. Wortyweth, consûmyoryon a wrug dêwys ascorras Sony ha Nintendo a dyllas dre goll kevrannow. Sethor an N64 a wrug kesunya crows lewya ha gwelen analog rag an kensa prÿs<ref>http://uk.ign.com/articles/2011/09/24/nintendo-64-launching-a-legacy</ref>. 1997 yw an vledhen may feu dyllys Game Boy Pocket ha New-Style Super NES kefrÿs. Game Boy Pocket yw Game Boy le ha scaffa ages an Game Boy gwredhek, nag yw res dhodho marnas a dhew vatry AAA<ref>http://www.ibtimes.com/nintendo-game-boy-25th-anniversary-history-handheld-console-shaped-generation-gamers-1574211</ref>. New-Style Super NES yw versyon le a’n SNES, iselha y brîs rag nebes gweythresow a’n gonsolen voyha dhe fyllel. 1998, Nintendo a dhyllas Game Boy Color, Game Boy abyl dhe dhysplegya colourys. Homma yw an gonsolen dhewetha a dhyllas Nintendo an vilvledhen-na. ==== An bledhynnyow 2000 ==== Game Boy Advance yw sort a Game Boy dyllys 2001, brâssa ha clerra y scrin ages an modellys a dheuth kyns agesso. Yma dhodho gallos video SNES ha myns Game Boy Pocket<ref name="Fahs 2012">http://uk.ign.com/articles/2009/07/27/ign-presents-the-history-of-game-boy?page=6</ref>. Ny veu Game Boy vÿth mar veurgerys inter towlenoryon gwary kyns<ref name="Fahs 2012" />. Bytegyns, an bobel a wrug y gably rag nag yw y scrin golowys. An problem-ma a veu assoylyes mis Whevrel 2003 pàn veu dyllys an Game Boy Advance SP: tu arâg scrin an gonsolen-ma yw golowys, ha’y batrys yw dascargadow. ==Devynnow== {{reflist}} [[Klass:Japan]] [[Klass:Medhelweyth]] 01773d5hitj0licqy2xruyoouvzjynf 0 14192 229410 227680 2026-09-25T06:07:13Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229410 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Den|fetchwikidata=ALL|onlysourced=yes|suppressfields=ymgynghorydd y doethor}} '''Enrico Fernando Fermi''' (Gwynngala 29, [[1901]] — Du 28, [[1954]]) o [[Fysegieth|fysegydh]] [[Itali|Italek]]-[[Statys Unys|Amerikan]] a oberas war an kynsa dasoberor sprusek ha gweres dhe wruthyl tybieth kwantum. Genys veu ev yn [[Rom]] hag ev a verwis yn [[Chicago]] a ganker. Posek o ev dhe fysegieth perthyglow ha mekanek [[statystek]]. Fermi a waynyas [[Pewas Nobel]] yn Fysegieth yn 1938 rag y ober ow studhya [[radyoweythres]] dynys. Y ober a ledyas dhe'n diskudhans a newtronow lent, falsans sprusek, ha gwruthyl [[Elven gymyk|elvennow]] nag usi war an [[An Vosen Beriodek|Vosen Beriodek]] a'n termyn na. {{DEFAULTSORT:Fermi, Enrico}} {{unn k}} {{Posek 1,000}} [[Klass:Amerikanyon a dhevedhyans italek]] [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1901]] [[Klass:Fysegydhyon]] [[Klass:Italians]] [[Klass:Masons Rydh]] [[Klass:Mernansow 1954]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Statys Unys]] [[Klass:Pewas Nobel]] [[Klass:Rom]] [[Klass:Ynkleudhyansow yn Illinois]] jr8klq0f6gnl1iplkib6hvss84hxjwa 0 15198 229423 224520 2026-09-25T06:33:53Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229423 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Carlos Ruiz Zafón''' ([[1964]] - [[2020]]) o romanser spaynek. {{stokk-tus-spayn}} [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1964]] [[Klass:Mernansow 2020]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Statys Unys]] [[Klass:Skriforyon fugieth]] [[Klass:Spaynyoryon]] [[Klass:Ynkleudhyansow yn Konteth an Eledh]] hd5l4emkoi0jfsj0useev6bch9mc3w7 0 15280 229417 227463 2026-09-25T06:20:40Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229417 wikitext text/x-wiki  '''Steven Paul Jobs''' (24 mis Hwevrer [[1955]] – 5 mis Hedra [[2011]]) o empreger amerikanek. [[Klass:Gweythresoryon amerikanek]] [[Klass:Mernansow 2011]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Statys Unys]] [[Klass:Tus yn medhelweyth]] [[Klass:Ynkleudhyansow yn Kaliforni]] ctnl8yndwjt9m1oxg4wmekcf2pdkvtl 0 15301 229421 226271 2026-09-25T06:31:12Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229421 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wernher Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun''' (23 mis Meurth [[1912]] - 16 mis Metheven [[1977]]) o ynjynor ayr-efanvos almaynek-amerikanek. [[Klass:Almanyon]] [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1912]] [[Klass:Fysegydhyon]] [[Klass:Mernansow 1977]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Statys Unys]] [[Klass:Pennseri amerikanek]] [[Klass:Skriforyon amerikanek]] [[Klass:Ynjinorieth]] [[Klass:Ynkleudhyansow yn Vyrjyni]] tk86fgdjjiw0nyycdbbp6o51bz8r44l 0 15357 229424 222971 2026-09-25T06:35:12Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229424 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wallace Stevens''' (2 mis Hedra [[1879]] - 2 mis Est [[1955]]) o prydydh arnowedhieth amerikanek. [[Klass:Arnowedhieth]] [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1879]] [[Klass:Mernansow 1955]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Statys Unys]] [[Klass:Parti Repoblikanek]] [[Klass:Prydydhyon]] [[Klass:Skriforyon amerikanek]] [[Klass:Vali Delaware]] [[Klass:Ynkleudhyansow yn Konnectikut]] 6upg7m5frj3qcchgxlpnvij8pgamjno 0 15503 229430 228760 2026-09-25T06:49:12Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229430 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Den|fetchwikidata=ALL}} '''Henry Charles Bukowski''' (/buːˈkaʊski/ boo-KOW-skee; genys '''Heinrich Karl Bukowski''', [[Almaynek]]: [ˈhaɪnʁɪç ˈkaʁl buˈkɔfski]; 16 mis Est [[1920]] – 9 mis Meurth [[1994]]) o prydydh, romanser ha skrifer a hwedhlow berr almaynek-amerikanek. {{stock-tus-europa}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bukowski, Charles}} [[Klass:Almanyon]] [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1920]] [[Klass:Mernansow 1994]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Statys Unys]] [[Klass:Prydydhyon]] [[Klass:Skriforyon fugieth amerikanek]] [[Klass:Ynkleudhyansow yn Konteth an Eledh]] 27698edfim7hlqtlh3gejwaal7wp3lt 0 15560 229422 228477 2026-09-25T06:32:41Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229422 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Den|fetchwikidata=ALL}} '''John Martin Feeney''' (1 mis Hwevrer [[1894]] – 31 mis Est [[1973]]), aswonys a-sankshyon avel '''John Ford''', o kevarwodher fylm ha sodhek a'n lu lestri amerikanek. {{stock-tus-sua}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ford, John}} [[Klass:Amerikanyon]] [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1894]] [[Klass:Evredhyon]] [[Klass:Kevarwodhoryon re waynyas Pewas Akademi]] [[Klass:Mernansow 1973]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Statys Unys]] [[Klass:Parti Repoblikanek]] [[Klass:Tus a’n Vresel Yeyn]] [[Klass:Ynkleudhyansow yn Konteth an Eledh]] 2rcxcr3o4ko1uc8hufxpzrn581n8koq 0 16009 229428 227465 2026-09-25T06:43:19Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229428 wikitext text/x-wiki '''William Melvin Hicks''' (16 mis Kevardhu [[1961]] – 26 mis Hwevrer [[1994]]) o gesyer hag ilewydh amerikanek. [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1961]] [[Klass:Gesyoryon]] [[Klass:Gweythresoryon amerikanek]] [[Klass:Mernansow 1994]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Statys Unys]] [[Klass:Ynkleudhyansow yn Mississippi]] 4hd8eu1k88qmf7c71yca0xpjh6xbb29 0 16151 229429 225517 2026-09-25T06:47:27Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229429 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Donald Henry Rumsfeld''' (9 mis Gortheren [[1932]] – 29 mis Metheven [[2021]]) o politeger, sodhek governans ha negysydh amerikanek. {{stock-tus-sua}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rumsfeld, Donald}} [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1932]] [[Klass:Eseli Chi Kanasedhoryon an Statys Unys]] [[Klass:Gorcita Chicago]] [[Klass:Gorcita Washington]] [[Klass:Mernansow 2021]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Statys Unys]] [[Klass:Parti Repoblikanek]] [[Klass:Skriforyon amerikanek]] [[Klass:Ynkleudhyansow yn Vyrjyni]] 997wjkervx6s0sklqkub9tlvpk1ifnf 0 16201 229425 229379 2026-09-25T06:37:04Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229425 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sidney Arthur Lumet''' (/luːˈmɛt/ loo-MET;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/nls/about/organization/standards-guidelines/ijkl/#l|title=Say How: L|publisher=National Library Service for the Blind and Print Disabled|access-date=June 20, 2022}}</ref> 25 mis Metheven [[1924]] – 9 mis Ebrel [[2011]]) o kevarwodher fylm amerikanek. [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1924]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon flogh]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon fylm amerikanek]] [[Klass:Gwaynyoryon a Bewas Akademi der Enor]] [[Klass:Kevarwodhoryon fylm]] [[Klass:Mernansow 2011]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Statys Unys]] [[Klass:Pellwolok amerikanek]] [[Klass:Skriforyon amerikanek]] [[Klass:Ynkleudhyansow yn Evrek Nowydh]] jf7l9gns0axf8d0h19zspogkosezrot 0 18426 229413 223452 2026-09-25T06:13:25Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229413 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Roy Edward Disney''' [[KCSG]] (January 10, 1930 – December 16, 2009) o gwarior ha gwrier a fylmow sowsnek geryes da. [[File:Roy E. Disney.jpg|thumb]] {{Stock-tus}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Disney, Roy E.}} [[Klass:Amerikanyon]] [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1930]] [[Klass:Mernansow 2009]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Statys Unys]] [[Klass:Parti Repoblikanek]] [[Klass:Ynkleudhyansow yn mor]] emhkcqkalu1vksea50g6f06o0zgjmcd 0 18447 229408 227810 2026-09-25T00:31:56Z InternetArchiveBot 12414 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 229408 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Den|qid=Q106522361|fetchwikidata=ALL}} '''Shahnez Boushaki''' (22 mis Meurth 1985) yw [[pel ganstell]] genys yn [[Aljeri]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shahnez BOUSHAKI at the Afrobasket Women 2015|url=https://www.fiba.basketball/fr/afrobasketwomen/2015/player/Shahnez-Boushaki|access-date=2022-02-19|website=Fiba.basketball|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Shahnez Boushaki|url=https://play.fiba3x3.com/players/60a075a6-69cd-4eb8-8436-e3fc920b3ae2|access-date=2022-02-19|website=Play.fiba3x3.com}}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210418144308/https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/p/rpp//q//pid/95216/_//players.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lesoirdalgerie/179295|title=BASKET-BALL : COUPE D'ALGERIE SENIORS DAMES|website=Djazairess.com|access-date=February 20, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/latribune/109326|title=Le GSP premier qualifié pour les demies|website=Djazairess.com|access-date=February 20, 2022}}</ref> == Devynnow == <references/> ==Kevrennow== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210418144308/https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/p/rpp//q//pid/95216/_//players.html Profil: FIBA.] * [https://basketball.afrobasket.com/player/Shahnez-Boushaki/Algeria/GS-Petroliers-Alger/228958?Women=1 Profiel: AFROBASKET.] * [https://play.fiba3x3.com/players/60a075a6-69cd-4eb8-8436-e3fc920b3ae2 Profiel: FIBA 3X3.] {{Commons|Category:Shahnez Boushaki|Shahnez Boushaki}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Boushaki, Shahnez}} {{Stock}} [[Klass:Afrikanesow]] [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1985]] [[Klass:Sportyadesow]] 47nsli6po74vw9wwz69sjl5z737qpgb 0 18452 229411 228156 2026-09-25T06:09:02Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229411 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tex Avery yearbook photo.png|thumb]] '''Frederick Bean "Tex" Avery''' (26 mis Hwevrer [[1908]] – 26 mis Est [[1980]]) o kevarwodher fylm amerikanek ha gwarier lev. {{Stock-tus}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Avery, Tex}} [[Klass:Artydhyon]] [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1908]] [[Klass:Evredhyon]] [[Klass:Gorwirieth]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon lev amerikanek]] [[Klass:Kevarwodhoryon fylm]] [[Klass:Mernansow 1980]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Statys Unys]] [[Klass:Ynkleudhyansow yn Konteth an Eledh]] sg77mo6elxxhtajvnmtz1pa8d1r4od6 0 19426 229406 228211 2026-09-24T23:51:33Z InternetArchiveBot 12414 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 229406 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fixkw}}{{For2|an versyon kottha gwreydhek|[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]]}}{{Taklow|fetchwikidata=ALL|qid=Q223318|image=A Royal Australian Air Force F-A-18F Super Hornet departs after receiving fuel from a U.S. Air Force KC-135 Stratotanker.jpg|image caption=F/A-18F Super Hornet ostralek}} An '''Boeing F/A-18E''' po '''F/A-18F Super Hornet''' yw jett kas liesrannel lester-karya-galladow gorsonek gans dew [[Stifjyn|stifjynnys]], dhyworth an [[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]]. An Super Hornet yw yn gonis gans an ayrluyow a'n [[Statys Unys]], [[Ostrali]], ha [[Kuweyt]]. An variennow (F/A-18E gans unn esedh ha F gans dew esedhow) yw versyons brassa ha moy avonsys a'n F/A-18C ha D Hornet. An Super Hornet yw fytti rag oberyansow ayr-dhe-ayr hag ayr-dhe-dhor, gans meur a arvow. Y hyll bos pymp tankow a-ves rag keunys keworransel. An kynsa Super Hornet a neyjas yn 1995, gans askorrans yn 1997. Yn 1999, an ayren a entras gonis gans an Morlu an SU. An ayren o devnydhys yn efan rag oberyansow breselek y'n [[Est Kres]] gans an Amerikanyon, ow komprehendya an breselyow yn [[Afganistan]], [[Irak]], hag yn [[Syri]] erbynn [[Stat Islamek]] ha'n governans [[Teylu Assad|Assad]]. An Super Hornet yw gwaytys dhe vos asleys gans an F/A-XX y'n 2030ow. == Displegyans == === Dalleth === {{Chif|Northrop YF-17|McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet}} [[Restren:Northrop YF-17 McDonnell Douglas FA-18 Boeing FA-18EF Super Hornet.png|skeusennik|Kehevelyans a'n ayrennow]] An ''Super Hornet'' yw dasdesin brashys a'n [[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]]. An selyans askel ha lost yw dhyworth ayren gynwrians [[Korforeth Northrop|Northrop]], an [[Northrop YF-17|P-530]] yn 1965, neb a dhallathas avel dasober a'n [[Northrop F-5E]] (gans askel vrassa, eskelli lost gevellek, hag ystynnans gwreydhen ledamal, po LERX).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20141107010303/http://www.joebaugher.com/usaf_fighters/f17.html</ref> Wosa henna ow neyja avel an [[Northrop YF-17]] "Cobra", hi a gesstrivyas y'n [[Towlen Gasor Skav|Dowlen Gasor Skav]] a'n [[Ayrlu an Statys Unys]] rag askorra kasor byghanna ha sempella rag keskowalhe an [[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] brassa; an YF-17 a fyll an kesstrif dhe'n [[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon|YF-16]] rag an DGS a'n Ayrlu, mes an [[Morlu an Statys Unys|Morlu]] a gavas an desin YF-17 gans dewstifynnys dhe vos moy fytti rag oberyansow war lestri-karya rag an Kasor Kas Ayr Morlu hag a dhewisas an YF-17 yn le a'n profyans ow kesstrivya [[Vought Model 1600]].<ref name=":0">Jenkins, Dennis R. ''F/A-18 Hornet: A Navy Success Story''. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000. ISBN 0-07-134696-1.</ref> Wosa ow tewis an YF-17, an Morlu a gevarwodhas an ayren dasdesinys dhe vos an F/A-18 Hornet brassa rag hedhes an edhommow rag Kasor Liesrannel ([[VFAX]]) rag keskowalhe an [[Grumman F-14 Tomcat]] brassa ha moy kostek ow servya y'n rannow a gontrewaytyer defens lu lestri ha tryghter ayr. Northrop a gesoberas gans McDonnell Douglas rag morluhe an desin, gans an pyth kampollys diwettha ow pos wortiwedh an kevamboser chif. An Hornet a wrug prov bos effeythus mes strothys yngwradh gas. An tybyans a Hornet brashys o profys kynsa y'n 1980ow, marghasys gans McDonnell Douglas avel "''Hornet 2000''". An tybyans "''Hornet 2000''" o F/A-18 avonsys gans askel vrassa ha korf hirra rag karya moy a geunys ha stifjynnys moy krev.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/military/fa18ef/fa18efmilestones.htm</ref> An diwedh a'n [[Bresel Yeyn]] a omsewyas dhe spys a dowlarghow breselek byhganna. Yn kettermyn, yth esa meur a gudynnow rag an Morlu wosa an dileans a'n [[McDonnell Douglas A-12 Avenger II]] yn 1991 (yntendys dhe aslea an [[Grumman A-6 Intruder]]).<ref>Donald 2004, p. 45.</ref> Ena an Morlu a dhallathas towlen ayren-omsettya aral henwys an "''Advanced-Attack (A-X)''", mes a brederas ynwedh ow nowedhi desin gwrys seulabrys rag abelieth anbarghus bys dhe'n A-X.<ref>Aronstein, David; Hirschberg, Michael (1998). ''Advanced Tactical Fighter to F-22 Raptor: Origins of the 21st Century Air Dominance Fighter''. Arlington, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. p. 240. ISBN 978-1-56347-282-4.</ref> Yn kettermyn, McDonnell Douglas re brofya an "''Super Hornet''" (y'n dalleth "''Hornet II''" ha wosa henna "''Hornet 2000''" y'n 1980ow), neb a yll servya avel kemerydh aral rag an A-6 Intruder po ayren anbarghus rag an A-X;<ref name=":1" /> an desin a ewnhaho nebes a'n finwethow a'n patronyow kyns F/A-18, kepar hag abilieth "bringback" anlowr, po an abilieth dhe dhaskavos arvow andhevnydhys a-lester lestri-karya.<ref>Elward 2001, p. 73.</ref> An desin Hornet henedh-nessa o moy tennvosek es an ughradhans "''Quick Strike''" F-14 Tomcat dhyworth Grumman, enebys gans an Skrifennyas a Dhefens [[Dick Cheney]]. Ynwedh, an A-X o hedhys yn 1993 dre reson an Super Hornet o moy tennvosek hag anperyllus dhe dhesin folen-glan awos leheansow towlargh wosa an [[Bresel Yeyn]].<ref name=":2">http://foxtrotalpha.jalopnik.com/top-gun-day-special-the-super-tomcat-that-was-never-bu-1575814142</ref> Y'n dedhyow na, an Grumman F-14 Tomcat o an kasor chif rag tryghter ayr ha kontrewaytyer defens lestri lu. Cheney a dheskrifas an F-14 avel teknologieth 1960ow, hag a lehas an prokuryans a'n F-14 yn 1989 kyns ow hedhi askorrans yn 1991, a-barth an F/A-18E/F nowedhys.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160202144220/http://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ac/f-14.htm</ref><ref>Donald, David. "Northrop Grumman F-14 Tomcat, U.S. Navy today". ''Warplanes of the Fleet''. London: AIRtime Publishing Inc, 2004. ISBN 1-880588-81-1.</ref> An ervirans dhe aslea an Tomcat gans an Hornet o gorthargyadow; byd [[Bresel Vietnam]] hag esel a'n [[Reythyansva Statys Unys|Reythyansva]] [[Duke Cunningham]] a gablas an Super Hornet avel desin anprovys neb a lehas tryghter ayr.<ref name=":2" /><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160508123944/http://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ac/docs/910507-f14.htm</ref> Ynter 1991 ha 1992, an Morlu a hedhis an [[Kasor Taktogel Avonsys]] rag an Morlu (NATF), varien vorluhys a'n [[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] rag keskowalhe an [[McDonnell Douglas A-12 Avenger II|A-12]], drefen kostow owth ynkressya.<ref name=":0" /> Avel ken dewis a bris isel dhe NATF, Grumman a brofyas gwellheansow meur dhe'n F-14 dres "''Quick Strike''", mes an [[Reythyansva Statys Unys|Reythyansva]] a's denaghas avel re gostek hag a dhasaffirmyas aga omrians dhe'n F/A-18E/F le kostek. Y'n dalleth ayren anbarghus rag an A-X po A/F-X, an Super Hornet a via an pennayren rag an Askel Ayr Karyer.<ref>Donald 2004, pp. 13, 15.</ref> === Provow hag askorrans === [[Restren:A44-204 Boeing F-A-18F Super Hornet & A21-16 McDonnell Douglas F-A-18A Hornet RAAF (7017164337).jpg|skeusennik|F/A-18F Super Hornet (a-gledh) ha F/A-18A Hornet (a-dhyghow)]] An Super Hornet o erghys kynsa gans an Morlu SU yn 1992, hag an kost [[Nivel yredieth gwrians|Displegyans Ynjynorieth ha Gwrians]] (DYG) kowal o finwethys dhe $4.88 bilvil y'n [[Dollar an Statys Unys|dollar]] 1990 (~$10.3 bilvil yn 2024).<ref>https://doi.org/10.2514%2F6.1998-4701</ref> An Morlu a withas an titlans F/A-18 rag gweres darbolla an dowlen dhe Reythyansva avel esplegyans anperyllus, kynth an Super Hornet yw ayren nowydh dre vras. An desin a'n F/A-18E/F o moy war, ow favera gwellheansow byghan war'n F/A-18C/D, affordyadewder, ha fydhyadewder yn le a berformans kriv. An Hornet ha Super Hornet a gevrenn meur a gnasow, ow komprehendya [[Esedh-estewlel|esedhow-estewlel]], [[radar]], arvow, medhelweyth, ha dyghtyansow oberyans. An stifjynnys F414 a'n Super Hornet a dheuth dhyworth an F404 a'n Hornet hag a ynkorforas avonsyansow displegys rag an F412 a'n A-12. Y'n dedhyow na, an kynsa F/A-18E/F a withas an brassa rann a'n kevreythyow a'n selyans F/A-18C/D rag iselhe kostow a dhisplegyans.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110425192042/http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG276.html</ref><ref name=":0" /> An desin o efanys y'n Super Hornet gans poos gwag boghes brassa es an F-15C. An rannans a wrians o haval dhe'n Hornet: McDonnell Douglas (wosa henna Boeing) o charjys gans an korf a-rag, eskelli, ha stabylatoryon; ha [[Northrop Grumman]] a askorras an korf kres hag a-dhelergh, ha eskelli plommwedhek. An bewnans gonis a'n desin o 6,000 euryow neyja.<ref>http://www.ausairpower.net/SuperBug.html</ref> An kynsa Super Hornet a neyjas yn 29 mis Du 1995.<ref name=":0" /> Askorrans kynsa a'n F/A-18E/F a dhallathas yn 1995. Provow neyj a dhallathas yn 1996 hag an kynsa tirans war lester-karya o yn 1997.<ref name=":0" /> Askorrans isel a dhallathas yn mis Meurth 1997<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100206111205/http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/military/fa18ef/news/mdc/97-78.html</ref> hag askorrans leun a dhallathas yn mis Gwynngala 1997.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100206110140/http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/military/fa18ef/news/1997/news_release_970922n.html</ref> Provow a besyas dres 1999, ow finsya gans provow war'n mor ha diskwedhyansow dasmethyans ayrel, ha chanjyow dhe'n desin rag ewnhe "droppyans askel" ha mellyans dyllans gwithva possybyl. Yth esa 3,100 neyjow prov ha 4,600 euryow nejya.<ref name=":1" /> An Super Hornet o provys gans an Morlu an SU yn 1999,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20121104023747/http://www.armed-services.senate.gov/statemnt/2000/000322pc.pdf</ref> hag o komendys yn mis Hwevrer 2000.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110608225404/http://www.defense.gov/transcripts/transcript.aspx?transcriptid=1013</ref> [[Restren:Four Super Hornets.jpg|skeusennik|4 F/A-18Fs a [[VFA-41]] "''Black Aces''" yn furvyans lergh. An kynsa ha tressa ayrennow y'n jeves kodhow [[AN/ASQ-228 ATFLIR]], hag an diwettha y'n jeves tank "[[Dasmethyans ayrel#Buddy store|buddy store]]"]] Wosa an omdennans a'n F-14 yn 2006, oll a'n jettys kas a'n Morlu o variennow Hornet erna vo ynworrys an [[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II|F-35 Lightning II]]. An ayrennow F/A-18E unn-esedh ha'n F/A-18F diw-esedh a gemeres an rann a'n F-14 Tomcat, A-6 Intruder, [[Lockheed S-3 Viking]], ha KA-6D. Yth esa varien vreselyans tredanek, an [[Boeing EA-18G Growler|EA-18G Growler]], a asleas an [[Grumman EA-6B Prowler|EA-6B Prowler]]. An Morlu a henwi an iselheans ma yn eghennow a ayrennow "''neck-down''". Dres an oos [[Bresel Vietnam]], an rannow a'n Super Hornet o gwrys gans kesunyans a'n [[Douglas A-1 Skyraider|A-1]]/[[Douglas A-4 Skyhawk|A-4]]/[[LTV A-7 Corsair II|A-7]] (omsettyans skav), A-6 (omsettyans kres), [[Vought F-8 Crusader|F-8]]/[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II|F-4]] (kasor), [[North American A-5 Vigilante|RA-5C]] (aspians), [[Douglas A-3 Skywarrior|KA-3]]/KA-6 (tanker), hag EA-6 (breselyans tredanek). Yth esa $1 bilvil dollars gwaytys yn erbysyon awos owth aslea eghennow erel gans an Super Hornet.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20080528120330/http://www.ndia.org/Content/ContentGroups/Divisions1/International/4202_Wallace.ppt</ref> An Morlu a grys an ynkerth a'n Super Hornet dhe vos sewen: ow metya kost, rol dermynyow, ha poos (181kg) a-woles dhe finwethow treudhow edhom.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140111033712/http://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_display.asp?cid=1100&tid=1200&ct=1</ref> An niver prokuryans kowal rag an Super Hornet a leskellas mynsek dres askorrans. An Daswel Dhefens Pedervledhennek [[Asran a Dhefens an Statys Unys|Asran a Dhefens]] a lehas an niver a a-dro dhe 1,000 gans ogas ha hanter. Gans mis Hedra 2008, Boeing re delirvsa 367 Super Hornets dhe'n Morlu an SU, mes yth esa hwath fowt a ayrennow awos an omdennans a ayrennow koth, breselyow yn [[Irak]] hag [[Afganistan]], ha ardagow y'n dowlen F-35.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20080706104817/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2007/07/23/215598/picture-us-navy-super-hornet-deal-could-cut-jsf-numbers.html</ref><ref>https://boeing.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=20295&item=417</ref> Yn 2006, yth esa fowt a 60 kasoryon a-woles dhe'n gosten a'n governans.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20090707085613/http://opencrs.com/document/RL30624</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110806163729/http://www.defense.gov/transcripts/transcript.aspx?transcriptid=4396</ref><ref>http://www.navytimes.com/news/2010/06/navy_fighter_gap_060710w/</ref> An towlargh 2010 a reythhas akord prenas liesbledhen rag moy Super Hornets, akordys yn 28 mis Gwynngala 2010, neb a erbysas $600 milvil yn le a gevambosow bledhynnyek.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/feeds/afx/2009/10/07/afx6977215.html</ref><ref>http://www.navytimes.com/news/2009/06/navy_fighter_gap_062409w/</ref> An kevambos ma rag 66 Super Hornets hag 58 Growlers o mynnys dhe sewajya ardak a 4 bledhynnyow y'n dowlen F-35.<ref>https://stltoday.com/business/article_ee32802a-e06a-51fc-ae02-b49a003b2375.html</ref> Yn 2019, Boeing a recevas kevambos a $4 bilvil rag delivra 78 Block III Super Hornets rag an Morlu dres 2021. An Morlu a vynn treylya oll a'ga ayrennow Block II dhe variennow Block III dres 2033.<ref>https://www.aviationtoday.com/2020/02/11/boeing-super-hornets-receiving-block-iii-avionics-upgrades/</ref> An F-35 yw yn gonis lemmyn, ha Boeing re dheklarya towlow dhe finsya askorrans a'n Super Hornet yn 2025, ystynnys dhe 2027 gans 17 moy ayrennow erghys gans an Morlu.<ref>https://www.wsj.com/articles/boeing-to-end-production-of-super-hornet-combat-jet-co-star-of-top-gun-maverick-fe801507</ref><ref>https://www.flightglobal.com/fixed-wing/boeing-extends-super-hornet-production-to-2027-with-final-new-build-order-from-usa/157449.article</ref> == Rol a dhevynnow == <references /> [[Klass:Ayrennow]] 1y4m9hnvwf3bzskrt1fv32ic34dig6t