Wikipedia kwwiki https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folen_dre MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.21 first-letter Media Arbennek Keskows Devnydhyer Keskows Devnydhyer Wikipedia Keskows Wikipedia Restren Keskows Restren MediaWiki Keskows MediaWiki Skantlyn Keskows Skantlyn Gweres Keskows Gweres Klass Keskows Klass Porth Keskows Porth TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2811 229434 205355 2026-09-25T13:44:08Z Gazamp 9824 /* Dineythyansow */ +[[Tim Walz]] 229434 wikitext text/x-wiki <center> [[1961]] - [[1962]] - [[1963]] - [[1964]] - [[1965]] - [[1966]] - [[1967]] </center> '''1964''' [[OK]] yw [[blydhen lamm]] y'n [[dydhyans gregorek]], ow talleth [[dy' Mergher]]. == Hwarvedhyansow == * 21 [[Gwynngala]]: anserghogeth [[Malta]] == Dineythyansow == * 7 [[Genver]]: [[Nicolas Cage]] * 17 [[Genver]]: [[Michelle Obama]] * 9 [[Meurth]]: [[Juliette Binoche]] * 29 [[Meurth]]: [[Elle Macpherson]] * 30 [[Meurth]]: [[Tracy Chapman]] * 6 [[Ebril]]: [[Tim Walz]] * 7 Ebril: [[Russell Crowe]] * 19 [[Metheven]]: [[Boris Johnson]] * 21 [[Metheven]]: [[Tania Mathias]] * 25 [[Est]]: [[Clive Myrie]] * 2 [[Gwynngala]]: [[Keanu Reeves]] * 20 [[Hedra]]: [[Kamala Harris]] * 16 [[Du]]: [[Waheed Alli]] == Mernansow == * 27 [[Me]]: [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], pennmynyster [[Eynda]] * 28 [[Gwynngala]]: [[Harpo Marx]] * 20 [[Hedra]]: [[Herbert Hoover]], lywydh [[Statys Unys]] {{stokk-blydhen}} [[Klass:1964]] 56dm98i7naikb4ud99r1zy1nhtu50iw 229435 229434 2026-09-25T13:44:58Z Gazamp 9824 /* Dineythyansow */ 229435 wikitext text/x-wiki <center> [[1961]] - [[1962]] - [[1963]] - [[1964]] - [[1965]] - [[1966]] - [[1967]] </center> '''1964''' [[OK]] yw [[blydhen lamm]] y'n [[dydhyans gregorek]], ow talleth [[dy' Mergher]]. == Hwarvedhyansow == * 21 [[Gwynngala]]: anserghogeth [[Malta]] == Dineythyansow == * 7 [[Genver]]: [[Nicolas Cage]] * 17 [[Genver]]: [[Michelle Obama]] * 9 [[Meurth]]: [[Juliette Binoche]] * 29 [[Meurth]]: [[Elle Macpherson]] * 30 [[Meurth]]: [[Tracy Chapman]] * 6 [[Mis Ebrel|Ebril]]: [[Tim Walz]] * 7 Ebril: [[Russell Crowe]] * 19 [[Metheven]]: [[Boris Johnson]] * 21 [[Metheven]]: [[Tania Mathias]] * 25 [[Est]]: [[Clive Myrie]] * 2 [[Gwynngala]]: [[Keanu Reeves]] * 20 [[Hedra]]: [[Kamala Harris]] * 16 [[Du]]: [[Waheed Alli]] == Mernansow == * 27 [[Me]]: [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], pennmynyster [[Eynda]] * 28 [[Gwynngala]]: [[Harpo Marx]] * 20 [[Hedra]]: [[Herbert Hoover]], lywydh [[Statys Unys]] {{stokk-blydhen}} [[Klass:1964]] pxgybsouidg3a5bgk9r6cxjzxtt9x6c 0 6950 229454 229121 2026-09-26T09:41:15Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229454 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Restren:David Lloyd George.jpg|thumb|David Lloyd George]] '''David Lloyd George''' (17 mis Genver [[1863]] – 26 mis Meurth [[1945]]) o [[Pennmenyster an Rywvaneth Unys|Pennmenyster]] an [[Rywvaneth Unys]] ([[1916]] - [[1922]]) a-dhiworth an [[Parti Livrel|Livrel Kenedhlek/ Unyans]]. Ev a veu genys yn 1863 orth [[Mankenyon]], [[Pow Sows]]. {{DEFAULTSORT:Lloyd George, David}} {{Pennvenystroryon an Ruvaneth Unys}} [[Klass:Chansloryon]] [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1863]] [[Klass:Gweythresoryon]] [[Klass:Kembrek]] [[Klass:Konseloryon]] [[Klass:Krows Veur a’n Lyjyon a Enor]] [[Klass:Lagha]] [[Klass:Mernansow 1945]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Ruvaneth Unys]] [[Klass:Politegoryon a Bow Sows]] [[Klass:Politegoryon a Gembra]] [[Klass:Pennvenystroryon an Ruvaneth Unys]] [[Klass:Ynkleudhyansow yn Europa]] bqkydtznj3ksvm60oo83rnbccjywnbc 0 8315 229452 227764 2026-09-26T09:32:48Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Den|qid=Q103876|fetchwikidata=ALL}} '''Peter Seamus Lorcan O'Toole''' (8 mis-Est 1932 &ndash; 14 mis-Kevardhu 2013) o gwarier [[Iwerdhonek]] geryes da. {{Stock-tus-iwerdhon}} {{DEFAULTSORT:O'Toole, Peter}} [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1932]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon bellwolok]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon fylm]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon lev]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon sowsnek]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon wariva]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon wordhenek]] [[Klass:Gwaynyoryon a Bewas Akademi der Enor]] [[Klass:Mernansow 2013]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Ruvaneth Unys]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon]] [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1932]] [[Klass:Mernansow 2013]] bri8wnaval8hz2fcpytmglfpp9z3a48 0 9285 229461 225079 2026-09-26T10:01:43Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229461 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pennmenyster Ruwvaneth Unys | hanow = Margaret Thatcher | skeusen = Margaret Thatcher.png | sodhans = 4 Me 1979 - 28 Du 1990 | myghtern = [[Elizabeth II]] | parti = Tori | kyns = [[James Callaghan]] | wosa = [[John Major]] }} '''Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher''', LG, OM, PC, FRS (genys Roberts; 13 mis Hedra 1925 – 8 mis Ebryl 2013) o [[Pennmenyster an Rywvaneth Unys|pennmenyster]] [[Ruwvaneth Unys]] a 1979 dhe 1990, ha hembrenkyades [[Parti Gwithadorek|Parti Tori]] a 1975 dhe 1990. Hy sodhans o an hirra yn kansvledhen ugensves ha bys dhe'n eur ma nyns yw hi marnas benowek. Journalyas [[URSS|Sovyetek]] a's henwis an 'Arlodhes Horn', leshanow dynerghys gensi hag a dheuth ha bos kelmys orth hy policiow ha'y gis ledyans heb kessassolyans. Avel 'Thatchereth'. Y teuth ha bos hi policiow. == Pennmenyster == === 1979-1983 === Hi a dheuth ha bos pennmenyster wosa bos sewen yn etholans 3 mis Me, 1979; yn unn waynya braster a 44 esedh. An etholans a veu gwrys wosa Thatcher a gelwis hag a waynyas (gans unn raglev) raglev kyfyans-vyth governans minoryta [[Lavur]] a [[James Callaghan]]. Yn hy hynsa termyn, yn 2 a vis Ebryl 1982, Arghantina a woryskynnas [[Ynysow Falkland|Enesow Falkland.]] Yn despit a'n pellder ha'n kalettrow lojistek, Thatcher erviras bos hy polici daskemeres an ynysyow. Lu-task a veu danvenys dhe'n Enesow, a veu daskemeres wosa kas dew vis y hirder, ha 258 mernans Predennek. === 1983-1987 === Sewena gaskyrgh Falkland, diberthans yn Parti Lavur ha gwelheans erbisek, faktorow oll yn hy sewena yn etholans kemmyn 1983, may kressyas Thatcher hy braster yn [[Chi Kemmynyon a'n Ruwvaneth Unys|Chi Gemmynoryon]] bys dhe 144 esedh. Thatcher a vynna lehe gallos kesunyansow lavur, dell breder aga vos re gallosek. Astel Tus Bal o an gwella gorthenebans yntra Thatcher ha’n kesunyansow. Yn unn brotestya orth degeans 20 a’n 174 bal a vynna degea Kesva Low Kenedhlek, Arthur Scargill a erghis askel yn mis Meurth 1984. Y nagha Thatcher aga gorholethow, ha’n askel a hedhis heb unverheans yn mis Meurth 1985. Sewyans degeans wortiwedh 150 bal glow o koll moy ages 10,000 sodh, ha kemenethow a veu shyndys yn kales. === 1987-1990 === Thatcher a waynya hy thressa etholyans yn 1987, kyn feu hy braster lehes. Hi a dhasfurvyas tollow governans leel, yn unn gommendya Kost an Gemeneth (aswonnys avel Toll Penn, po Poll Tax yn Sowsnek). Y feu kommendys yn Alban yn kynsa le, hag yn RU gesys wosa bledhen. Ny pleg an toll ma dhe dus, hag yth esa protestyans bras yn [[Loundres]], may 70,000-200,000 a dus a guntella yn [[Pedrek Trafalgar]]. == Mernans == Hi a verwis 8 vis Ebryl, 2013, 87 hy bloodh. Gorthebys a veu hy mernans yn unn kemyski. Hy skodhyoryon a lawdya hy dhe vos an gwella pennmenyster a-der termyn bresel; re erel a gevewi hy mernans a-barth sewyansow hy policiow. {{FSS}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Thatcher, Margaret}} {{Pennvenystroryon an Ruvaneth Unys}} [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1925]] [[Klass:Eseli Chi an Arlydhi a'n RU]] [[Klass:ES Parti Gwithyasel rag pastellow bro Pow Sows]] [[Klass:Istorioresow]] [[Klass:Laghyadesow]] [[Klass:Mernansow 2013]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Ruvaneth Unys]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kleves neurologyl]] [[Klass:Pennvenystroryon an Ruvaneth Unys]] [[Klass:Pennvenystresow]] [[Klass:Skriforesow sowsnek]] [[Klass:Tus a’n Vresel Yeyn]] 280hp217r04r3poude128pnr9civ9pd 0 9304 229446 225081 2026-09-26T09:19:00Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229446 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pennmenyster Ruwvaneth Unys | hanow = Harold Wilson | skeusen = Harold Wilson.jpg | sodhans = 16 Hedra 1964 - 19 Metheven 1970 (1a)<br /> 4 Meurth 1974 – 5 Ebryl 1976 (2a) | myghtern = Elizabeth II | parti = Lavur | kyns = [[Alec Douglas-Home]] (1a)<br /> [[Edward Heath]] (2a) | wosa = Edward Heath (1a)<br /> [[James Callaghan]] (2a) }} '''James Harold Wilson, Baron Wilson of Rievaulx,''' KG, OBE, FRS, FSS, PC (11 mis [[Meurth]] [[1916]] – 24 mis [[Me]] [[1995]]) o politiger [[Parti Lavur]] [[Ruwvaneth Unys|Predennek]], a sodha avel [[Pennmenyster an Rywvaneth Unys|Pennmenyster Ruwvaneth Unys]] diwweyth; a 1964-70 ha 1974-76. {{DEFAULTSORT:Wilson, Harold}} {{Pennvenystroryon an Ruvaneth Unys}} [[Klass:Chevalri]] [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1916]] [[Klass:Eseli Chi an Arlydhi a'n RU]] [[Klass:ES Parti Lavur rag pastellow bro Pow Sows]] [[Klass:Mernansow 1995]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Ruvaneth Unys]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kleves neurologyl]] [[Klass:Pennvenystroryon an Ruvaneth Unys]] [[Klass:Tus a’n Vresel Yeyn]] [[Klass:Ynkleudhyansow yn Europa]] 1iowhx7kwlv73nnlcrppu4dhyfyh5he 0 11010 229462 228312 2026-09-26T10:06:00Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229462 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Restren:James Clerk Maxwell big.jpg|skeusennik| James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879)]] '''James Clerk Maxwell''' (13 Mis Metheven [[1831]]&nbsp;– 5 Mis Du [[1879]]) o godhonydh [[Alban|albanek]], poesek yn studhyans an fisegieth hag awgrym. Y dybieth yn kever dewynnyans tennvenieth-tredan a wrug unya tredan, tennvenieth, ha golow kepar ha tri heweledh dhe unn hwarvos. <br /> [[Klass:Albanyon]] [[Klass:Awgrymoryon]] [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1831]] [[Klass:Fysegydhyon]] [[Klass:Mernansow 1879]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Ruvaneth Unys]] [[Klass:Skriforyon]] [[Klass:Ynkleudhyansow yn Europa]] eqpw39gk7hax3ikfioik41f824w9os0 0 11468 229442 217545 2026-09-25T18:22:47Z Gazamp 9824 Nowedhheans 229442 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixkw|date=Est 2020}} [[File:Official portrait of Rt Hon Ian Blackford MP crop 2.jpg|thumb|Blackford yn 2020]] '''Ian Blackford''' (genys 14 Me [[1961]] yn [[Karedin]], [[Alban]]) yw politeger [[Alban|albanek]] neb o leyder an [[Parti Kenedhlek Albanek]] yn [[Westminster]] a-dhia [[Dewisyans ollgemmyn Ruwvaneth Unys, 2017|2017]] bys 2022, hag an [[Chi Kemmynyon a'n Ruwvaneth Unys|esel senedh]] rag Ross, Skye ha Lochaber a-dhia [[Dewisyans ollgemmyn Ruwvaneth Unys, 2015|2015]] bys [[Etholans ollgemmyn Ruvaneth Unys 2024|2024]]. {{stokk-tus-alban}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Blackford, Ian}} [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1961]] [[Klass:Eseli Senedh a'n RU 2015-2017]] [[Klass:Eseli Senedh a'n RU 2017-2019]] [[Klass:Eseli Senedh a'n RU 2019-2024]] [[Klass:Parti Kenedhlek Alban]] [[Klass:Politegoryon a Alban]] f68afvd0rnbi1xrqswmjziftpjxenwi 0 11513 229439 229377 2026-09-25T18:15:07Z Gazamp 9824 Nowydhheans 229439 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixkw|date=Est 2020}} [[File:Deb Haaland official portrait, 116th congress 2.jpg|thumb|Haaland yn 2019]] '''Debra Anne 'Deb' Haaland''' (genys 2 Kevardhu [[1960]] yn [[Winslow, Arisona|Winslow]], [[Arisona]]) politegores [[Statys Unys|amerikanek]] neb servyas avel Skrifenyades an Pervedh an [[Statys Unys]] a-dhia 2021 bys 2025. Hi o esel [[Chi Kanasedhoryon Statys Unys|Chi an Ganasedhoryon]] rag an 1a ranndir kuntellesel yn [[Meksiko Nowydh]] a-dhia 2019 bys yn 2021. Hi yw esel [[Parti an Dhemokratyon]]. Haaland a veu etholys dhe Ji an Ganasedhoryon yn [[2018]], ow talleth servya yn [[2019]]. Hi yw eyl esel benow amerikanek enesik (an huni aral yw [[Sharice Davids]]). Yn mis Kevardhu 2020, [[Joe Biden]] a wrug henwel Haaland avel Skrifenyades an Pervedh. [[Senedh an Statys Unys|An Senedh]] a gonfirmas Haaland yn mis Meurth 2021.<ref>Clare Foran; Ted Barrett (15 mis Meurth 2021), [https://edition.cnn.com/2021/03/15/politics/deb-haaland-senate-confirmation-vote/index.html Senate confirms Deb Haaland as Biden's Interior secretary in historic vote], ''CNN'' (yn Sowsnek), kyrgys 1 July 2021</ref> Hi o an kynsa Skrifenyades an Pervedh amerikanek teythyek. ==Devynnow== {{reflist}} {{start box}} {{s-bef|before=[[Michelle Lujan Grisham]] ([[Parti Demokratek|D]])}} {{s-ttl|title=Esel [[Chi Kanasedhoryon Statys Unys|Chi an Ganasedhoryon]] rag 1a ranndir yn [[Meksiko Nowydh]]|years=2019-2021}} {{s-aft|after=[[Melanie Stansbury]] ([[Parti Demokratek|D]])}} {{s-bef|before=[[David Bernhardt]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Skrifenyades an Pervedh an [[Statys Unys]]|years=2021-}} {{s-aft|after=''Yn offis a-lemmyn''}} {{end box}} {{stokk-tus-sua}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Haaland, Deb}} [[Klass:Amerikanyon Enesik]] [[Klass:Benenes yn Kuntelles an Statys Unys]] [[Klass:Demokratyon]] [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1960]] [[Klass:Eseli Chi Kanasedhoryon an Statys Unys]] [[Klass:Ombrofyoryon]] ckrjnmxy3sz9e597m1pncnd15nuocvy 229440 229439 2026-09-25T18:16:05Z Gazamp 9824 /* Devynnow */ Nowydhheans 229440 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixkw|date=Est 2020}} [[File:Deb Haaland official portrait, 116th congress 2.jpg|thumb|Haaland yn 2019]] '''Debra Anne 'Deb' Haaland''' (genys 2 Kevardhu [[1960]] yn [[Winslow, Arisona|Winslow]], [[Arisona]]) politegores [[Statys Unys|amerikanek]] neb servyas avel Skrifenyades an Pervedh an [[Statys Unys]] a-dhia 2021 bys 2025. Hi o esel [[Chi Kanasedhoryon Statys Unys|Chi an Ganasedhoryon]] rag an 1a ranndir kuntellesel yn [[Meksiko Nowydh]] a-dhia 2019 bys yn 2021. Hi yw esel [[Parti an Dhemokratyon]]. Haaland a veu etholys dhe Ji an Ganasedhoryon yn [[2018]], ow talleth servya yn [[2019]]. Hi yw eyl esel benow amerikanek enesik (an huni aral yw [[Sharice Davids]]). Yn mis Kevardhu 2020, [[Joe Biden]] a wrug henwel Haaland avel Skrifenyades an Pervedh. [[Senedh an Statys Unys|An Senedh]] a gonfirmas Haaland yn mis Meurth 2021.<ref>Clare Foran; Ted Barrett (15 mis Meurth 2021), [https://edition.cnn.com/2021/03/15/politics/deb-haaland-senate-confirmation-vote/index.html Senate confirms Deb Haaland as Biden's Interior secretary in historic vote], ''CNN'' (yn Sowsnek), kyrgys 1 July 2021</ref> Hi o an kynsa Skrifenyades an Pervedh amerikanek teythyek. ==Devynnow== {{reflist}} {{start box}} {{s-bef|before=[[Michelle Lujan Grisham]] ([[Parti Demokratek|D]])}} {{s-ttl|title=Esel [[Chi Kanasedhoryon Statys Unys|Chi an Ganasedhoryon]] rag 1a ranndir yn [[Meksiko Nowydh]]|years=2019-2021}} {{s-aft|after=[[Melanie Stansbury]] ([[Parti Demokratek|D]])}} {{s-bef|before=[[David Bernhardt]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Skrifenyades an Pervedh an [[Statys Unys]]|years=2021-2025}} {{s-aft|after=[[Doug Burgum]]}} {{end box}} {{stokk-tus-sua}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Haaland, Deb}} [[Klass:Amerikanyon Enesik]] [[Klass:Benenes yn Kuntelles an Statys Unys]] [[Klass:Demokratyon]] [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1960]] [[Klass:Eseli Chi Kanasedhoryon an Statys Unys]] [[Klass:Ombrofyoryon]] qsekh5jtorvp5na30yf2r9y4ajo3zmr 0 11764 229445 224091 2026-09-26T09:16:16Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229445 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Den | fetchwikidata=ALL | onlysourced=no | suppressfields= }} '''Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace''' (10ves Mis Kevardhu [[1815]] – 27ves Mis Du [[1852]]) a skrifas an kynsa towlen jynn-amontya y'n bys. == Kowlwriansow == Skrifer sowsnek o Lovelace. Hi a dheuth ha bos an kynsa towlenner [[jynn-amontya]] y'n bys. Hi a skrifas an dowlen rag jynn-amontya jynnweythek Charles Babbage, "The Analytical Engine" ("An Jynn Dielvennus"), yn 1844. Hi a skrifas an kynsa awgrym dhe vos argerdhys gans jynn. Yntra 1842 ha 1843, hi a dreylyas erthygel gans kalkor [[Itali|Italek]] Luigi Menabrea war an jynn. Hi a geworras hy notennow dhodho. Yma y'n notennow ma an kynsa towlen jynn-amontya, dell brederyn. Homm o awgrym kodennys rag bos argerdhys gans jynn. Kyn nag o gwrys jynn Babbage, notennow Lovelace yw posek yn istori a-varr jynnow-amontya. Hi a gonvedhas y halsa jynnow-amontya gul moy ages rekna po niver-densel hepken. Re erel, yn aga mysk Babbage y honan, a oberas gans an galladewderyow rekna hepken. == Flogholeth == Hi a veu genys an 10ves Mis Kevardhu, 1815. Hi o an unnsel flogh herwydh lagha a [[George Gordon Byron|Arlodh Byron]] hag Anne Isabella Milbanke. Ny aswonnis hi hy thas awos ev dhe verwel pan o hi naw bloodh. Prydydh o ev. Hy mamm o esel an vrentynyon. Dyskys o Lovelace tre. Ha hi benyn yowynk, awgrym o dhe les dhedhi, yn rann awos Babbage. == Bewnans == Demedhys veu Lovelace gans William King yn 1835. Yth esa tri flogh dhedha. Yn skon, hi a godhas klav gans kolera, mes hi a dreusvewas an klavder. Yth esa asthma ha kudynnyow goi warnedhi ynwedh. Hi a usyas koskles avel paynladher hag, awos hemma, hi a dheuth ha bos keth dhedha. Hi a verwis a ganker an brys, yn Loundres, an 27ves Mis Du 1852. <gallery> Restren:Ada Lovelace portrait.jpg|alt=Portrayans Ada Lovelace|Portrayans Ada Lovelace Restren:AdaLovelaceplaque.JPG|alt=Leghen las rag Lovelace yn Loundres|Leghen las rag Lovelace yn Loundres </gallery> {{unn k}} [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1815]] [[Klass:Godhonydhesow]] [[Klass:Mernansow 1852]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Ruvaneth Unys]] [[Klass:Prydydhesow]] [[Klass:Skriforesow sowsnek]] [[Klass:Ynkleudhyansow yn Europa]] hjw1ch0ns5v2ibzoqe2p4iudwy78c2s 0 11842 229451 228660 2026-09-26T09:29:35Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229451 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixkw|date=Est 2020}} {{Den|fetchwikidata=ALL}} '''Margaret Anne Ewing''' (genys '''McAdam''', seulabrys '''Bain'''; 1 Gwynngala [[1945]] yn [[Lanark]], [[Lanarkshire]] - 21 Meurth [[2006]] yn [[Lossiemouth]], [[Morayshire]]) o dyskadores, jornalyades ha politegores a [[Alban]]. Hi a servas a [[Chi Kemmynyon a'n Ruwvaneth Unys|esel Senedh]] [[Parti Kenedhlek Alban|PKA]] rag [[Dunbartonshire Est]] a-dhia [[1974]] bys yn [[1979]] ha [[Moray (pastel vro Senedhek RU)|Moray]] a-dhia [[1987]] bys yn [[2001]]. Hi o esel Senedh Alban rag Moray a-dhia [[1999]] bys yn hy mernans yn [[2006]] ynwedh. {{stock-tus-alban}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ewing, Margaret}} [[Klass:Albanesow]] [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1945]] [[Klass:Gweythresoryon]] [[Klass:Jornalyadesow]] [[Klass:Mernansow 2006]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Ruvaneth Unys]] [[Klass:Parti Kenedhlek Alban]] [[Klass:Politegoresow]] [[Klass:Politegoryon a Alban]] m84mz3yycn8mrwpxds6h90g4rurrugn 0 12145 229464 227871 2026-09-26T10:11:34Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229464 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Den|qid=Q312579|fetchwikidata=ALL}} '''Iain Banks''' (16 Mis-Hwevrer [[1954]]– 9 Mis-Metheven [[2013]]) o  awtour [[Alban|albanek]]. Ev a dhevnydhyas an hanow '''Iain M. Banks''' pan skrifa [[Fugieth Skiensel| fugieth skiensel]] hag Iain Banks rag skrifyansow erell. == Romansow == ===Romansow Iain Banks=== * ''The Wasp Factory'' (1984) * ''Walking on Glass'' (1985) * ''The Bridge'' (1986) * ''Espedair Street'' (1987) * ''Canal Dreams'' (1989) * ''The Crow Road'' (1992) * ''Complicity'' (1993) *''Whit'' (1995) *''A Song of Stone'' (1997) *''The Business'' (1999) *''Dead Air'' (2002) *''The Steep Approach to Garbadale'' (2007) *''Transition'' (2009) *''Stonemouth'' (2012) *''The Quarry'' (2013) ===Romansow Iain M. Banks=== *''Consider Phlebas'' (1987) *''The Player of Games'' (1988) *''Use of Weapons'' (1990) *''Excession'' (1996) *''Inversions'' (1998) *''Look to Windward'' (2000) *''Matter'' (2008) *''Surface Detail'' (2010) *''The Hydrogen Sonata'' (2012) *''Against a Dark Background'' (1993) *''Feersum Endjinn'' (1994) *''The Algebraist'' (2004) [[Klass:Albanyon]] [[Klass:Didhuwydhyon]] [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1954]] [[Klass:Gorwirieth]] [[Klass:Mernansow 2013]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Ruvaneth Unys]] [[Klass:Prydydhyon]] [[Klass:Skriforyon euth]] [[Klass:Skriforyon fugieth wothek]] ef3kc8od4dxlzcezkvhux6sbg8w5rjm 10 12952 229432 229363 2026-09-25T13:41:57Z Gazamp 9824 Kernewekheans 229432 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox|child={{{child|}}} | bodyclass = biography vcard | above = {{Br separated entries | 1 = {{If empty|<span class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: small">{{{honorific prefix|{{{honorific_prefix|}}}}}}</span>}} | 2 = <span class="fn">{{If empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}</span> | 3 = {{If empty|<span class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: small">{{{honorific suffix|{{{honorific_suffix|}}}}}}</span>}} }} | abovestyle = {{{abovestyle|}}} | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage |InfoboxImage |image={{#invoke:WikidataIB |getPreferredValue |P18 |name=image |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced=no |noicon=yes | maxvals=1 |{{{image|}}}}} |size={{{image size|{{{image_size|{{{imagesize|}}}}}}}}} |sizedefault=frameless |upright={{{image_upright|1}}} |alt={{{alt|}}} |suppressplaceholder=yes}} | caption = {{#if:{{{image|}}}|{{{caption|}}}|{{#invoke:Wikidata|getImageLegend|FETCH_WIKIDATA}}}} | label1 = Hanow | data1 = {{#if:{{{native_name|}}}|<span class="nativename" {{#if:{{{native_name_lang|}}}|lang="{{{native_name_lang}}}"}}>{{{native_name}}}</span>}} <!-- | label2 = Leveryans | data2 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P443 |name=pronunciation |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}}|onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} |{{{pronunciation|}}} }} --> | label3 = Leshanow | data3 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P742 |name=alma |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} | {{{ffugenw|{{{ffugenw|}}}}}} }} | label4 = Lev | data4 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P990 |name=lev |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} | {{{llais|{{{llais|}}}}}} }} | label5 = Genys | data5 = {{br separated entries |1={{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P1477 |name=birth_name |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}}|{{{birth_name|}}}}} |2={{#if:{{{birth_date|}}}|{{{birth_date|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:wd|qualifier|P569|P1480}}|circa|{{circa}}&nbsp;|}}{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getPreferredValue |P569 |name=birth_date |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}}|{{{birth_date|}}} |df={{{dateformat|dmy}}} }} }} |3={{#if:{{{birth_place|{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P19 |name=birth_place |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} }} }}}|<span class="birthplace">{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P19 |name=birth_place |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} |{{{birth_place|}}}}}</span>}} }} | label6 = Besydhys | data6 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P1636 |name=baptised |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} |{{{baptised|}}} }} | label9 = Dedhyas Vansya | data9 = {{Br separated entries|1={{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P746 |name=disappeared_date |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |{{{disappeared_date|}}} }}|2={{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P746 |name=disappeared_place |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |{{{disappeared_place|}}} }}}} | label12 = Mernans | data12 = {{br separated entries |1={{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P570 |name=dedhyans_merwel |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}}|{{{dedhyans_merwel|}}}}} |2={{#if:{{#invoke:WikidataIB | getValue | rank=best |P509 |name=death_cause |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} |{{{death_cause|}}} }}|<span class="deathcause">a {{#invoke:WikidataIB | getValue | rank=best |P509 |name=death_cause |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} |{{{death_cause|}}} }}</span>}} |3={{#if:{{{death_place|{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P20 |name=tyller_merwel |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} }} }}}|<span class="deathplace">{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P20 |name=Tyller_merwel |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} |{{{death_place|}}} }}</span>}} }} | label16 = {{#if:{{{burial_place|}}}|Man&nbsp;claddu|Man&nbsp;gowedd}} | data16 = {{#if:{{{burial_place|}}}|{{Br separated entries|1={{{burial_place|}}}|2={{{burial_coordinates|}}}}}|{{Br separated entries|1={{{resting place|{{{resting_place|{{{restingplace|}}}}}}}}}|2={{{resting place coordinates|{{{resting_place_coordinates|{{{restingplacecoordinates|}}}}}}}}}}}}} | class16 = label <!-- | label18 = Men Kov | data18 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P0 |name=monuments |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |{{{monuments|}}} }} --> | label19 = Trigva | data19 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P551 |name=trigva |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} |{{{residence|}}} }} | class19 = {{#if:{{{death_date|}}}{{{death_place|}}}||label}} | label21 = Gwannhanow | data21 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P1449 |name=othername |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} | {{{other names|{{{other_names|{{{othername|{{{alias|}}}}}}}}}}}} }} | class21 = nickname | label22 = Label&nbsp;rekordya | data22 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P264 |name=label |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} | {{{label_recordio|{{{label_recordio|}}}}}} }} | label23 = Kenedhlogeth | data23 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P27 |name=nationality |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} | {{{nationality|}}} }} | class23 = category | label24 = Adhysk | data24 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P512 |name=education |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} |{{{education|}}} }} | label25 = ''Alma&nbsp;mater'' | data25 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P69 |name=alma |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} |list={{{list|ubl}}}| {{{alma mater|{{{alma_mater|}}}}}} }} | label26 = ymgynghorydd y doethor | data26 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P184 |name=ymgynghorydd |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} |list={{{list|ubl}}}| {{{ymgynghorydd y doethor|{{{ymgynghorydd_y_doethor|}}}}}} }} | label27 = Galwesigeth | data27 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P106 |name=galwesigeth |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} | {{{galwedigaeth|{{{galwedigaeth|}}}}}} }} | label28 = Bleujyow | data28 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P1317 |name=years active |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} ||fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} | {{{years active|{{{years_active|{{{yearsactive|}}}}}}}}} }} | label29 = Soodh | data29 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P39 |name=soodh |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} | {{{swydd|{{{swydd|}}}}}} }} | label30 = Arvether | data30 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB | getPreferredValue |P108 |name=employer |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} | list={{{list|ubl}}} | sorted=yes | {{{employer|}}} }} | class30 = org | label31 = {{#if:{{{organisation|}}}|Organisation|Organization}} | data31 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P1416 |name=organization |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |{{{organisation|{{{organization|{{{organizations|}}}}}}}}} }} | class31 = org | label32 = Kelmys&nbsp;gans | data32 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P2789 |name=kelmys_gans |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} | {{{cysylltir_gyda|{{{cysylltir_gyda|}}}}}} }} | label33 = Aswonnys&nbsp;rag | data33 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P800 |name=known |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} |{{{known for|{{{known_for|{{{known|}}}}}}}}} }} <!-- | label34 = Ober &nbsp;nosedhek | data34 = {{br separated entries |1={{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P800 |name=works |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} |{{{works|{{{credits|{{{notable works|{{{notable_works|}}}}}}}}}}}} }} |2={{#if:{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P1455 |name=list of works |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|no}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} |{{{list of works|{{{list_of_works|}}}}}} }}|Gweler: {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P1455 |name=list of works |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|no}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} |{{{list of works|{{{list_of_works|}}}}}} }}}}}} --> | label35 = Gis | data35 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P136 |name=style |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} |{{{arddull|}}} }} | class35 = category | label36 = Sort&nbsp;a&nbsp;lev | data36 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P412 |name=alma |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} | {{{math_o_lais|{{{math_o_lais|}}}}}} }} | label37 = Chyf&nbsp;delanwes | data37 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P737 |name=alma |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} | {{{prif_ddylanwad|{{{prif_ddylanwad|}}}}}} }} | label38 = Gool | data38 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P841 |name=home town |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} |{{{home_town|{{{home_town|}}}}}} }} | label39 = Talvosogeth | data39 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P2218 |name=worth |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |{{{net worth|{{{net_worth|{{{networth|}}}}}}}}} }} | label40 = Ughelder | data40 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P2048 |name=ughelder |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} | {{{taldra|{{{taldra|}}}}}} }} | label41 = Poos | data41 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P2067 |name=poos |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} | {{{pwysau|{{{pwysau|}}}}}} }} | label42 = Tre&nbsp;teylu | data42 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P66 |name=tre_teylu |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} | {{{cartre'r_teulu|{{{cartre'r_teulu|}}}}}} }} | label45 = Ragresegydh | data45 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P1365 |name=predecessor |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} |{{{predecessor|}}} }} | label46 = Holyer | data46 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P156 |name=successor |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} |{{{successor|}}} }} | label47 = Parti&nbsp;Politek | data47 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P102 |name=parti |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} |{{{party|}}} }} | class47 = org | label48 = Movyans | data48 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P135 |name=movyans |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} |{{{movement|}}} }} | class48 = category | label49 = Erbynner | data49 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P461 |name=opponents |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} |{{{opponents|}}} }} | label50 = Tas | data50 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P22 |name=tas |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} |{{{tad|}}} }} | label51 = Mamm | data51 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P25 |name=mamm |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} |{{{mam|}}} }} | label56 = Pries | data56 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P26 |name=spouse |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} | {{{spouse|}}} }} | label57 = Kespar | data57 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P451 |name=partner |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} |{{{partner|{{{domesticpartner|{{{domestic_partner|}}}}}}}}} }} | label58 = Fleghes | data58 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB | getPreferredValue |P40 |name=fleghes |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} | {{{plant|}}} }} | label60 = Neskerens | data60 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P1038 <!--not for direct family members: parents (P22, P25), siblings (P3373)), children (P40) --> |name=relatives |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} |{{{relations|{{{relatives|}}}}}} }} <!-- gormod / too many! | label61 = Teylu | data61 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P3373 |name=family |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} |{{{family|}}} }} --> | label62 = Linyeth | data62 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB | getPreferredValue|P53||name=dynasty |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} |{{{dynasty|}}} }} | label63 = Arwodh | data63 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P5143 |name=callsign |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |{{{callsign|}}} }} | label64 = Pewasow | data64 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P166 |name=awards |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} | {{{awards|}}} }} <!-- | label65 = {{#if:{{{honours|}}}|Anrhydedd|Anrhydeddau}} | data65 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P0 |name=honours |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |{{{honours|{{{honors|}}}}}} }} --> | label66 = Gwiasva | data66 = {{if empty | {{#invoke:WikidataIB | getValue | rank=best |P856 |name=website |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced=no |noicon={{{noicon|}}} | {{{website|{{{homepage|}}}}}} }} | {{#invoke:WikidataIB | getValue | rank=best |P1581 |name=blog |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|no}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} }} }} | header67 = {{#if:{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P641 |name=sportys |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced=no |noicon=yes|{{{chwaraeon|}}}}}|Sportys}} | label68 = Para | data68 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P54 |name=sports_team |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} | {{{sports_team|}}} }} | label69 = Savle | data69 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P413 |name=savle |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} | {{{safle|}}} }} | label70 = Gwlas&nbsp;sport | data70 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P1532 |name=gwlas_sport |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} | {{{gwlad_chwaraeon|}}} }} | label71 = Eseleth | data71 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P463 |name=membership |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|}}} |noicon={{{noicon|}}} | {{{membership|}}} }} | header73 = {{#if:{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P109 |name=signature |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced=no |noicon=yes|{{{signature|}}}}}|Sinans}} | data74 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage |InfoboxImage |image={{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P109 |name=signature |qid={{{qid|}}} |suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}} |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|no}}} |noicon=yes |{{{signature|}}}}} |size={{{signature_size|}}} |sizedefault=150px |alt={{{signature alt|{{{signature_alt|}}}}}}}} | header75 = {{#if:{{{footnotes|}}}|Nodiadau}} | data75 = {{#if:{{{footnotes|}}}|<div style="text-align: left;"> {{{footnotes}}}</div>}} | data77 = {{{misc|{{{module|}}}}}} | data78 = {{{misc2|{{{module2|}}}}}} | data79 = {{{misc3|{{{module3|}}}}}} | data80 = {{{misc4|{{{module4|}}}}}} | data81 = {{{misc5|{{{module5|}}}}}} | data82 = {{{misc6|{{{module6|}}}}}} | below = {{EditOnWikidata|noicon={{{noicon|false}}}}} }}<!-- -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview = Page using [[Template:Infobox person]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y |qid |suppressfields |fetchwikidata |onlysourced |noicon | abovestyle | agent | alias | alma mater | alma_mater | alt | awards | baptised | birth_date | birth_name | birth_place | birthname | boards | body discovered | body_discovered | burial_coordinates | burial_place | callsign | caption | child | children | citizenship | credits | criminal charge | criminal penalty | criminal status | criminal_charge | criminal_penalty | criminal_status | dateformat | death cause | death_cause | death_date | death_place | denomination | disappeared_date | disappeared_place | disappeared_status | domestic_partner | 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}}<includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{{child|}}}|yes||{{Wikidata image|1={{#invoke:Wikidata|getValue|P18|{{{image|FETCH_WIKIDATA}}}}}}}}}</includeonly><includeonly>{{main other|{{#if:{{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=1|preview=1|fetchwikidata|onlysourced|dateformat}}|<!-- Check for locally-defined parameters could go here-->|[[Klass:Erthyglow gans kedhlow yn tien a Wikidata]]}}}}</includeonly><includeonly>{{main other |}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 019ltvjry9xp9yyp2gr5yxxe28y99m3 0 13965 229447 223348 2026-09-26T09:21:24Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229447 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Restren:Mary Anning painting.jpg|skeusennik|Liwans a Mary Anning, ''The Natural History Museum, [[Loundres]]]] '''Mary Anning''' (21 Mis-Me 1799 – 9 Mis-Meurth 1847) o kuntelores, gwerthores, ha studhyores a menhesennow diworth Lyme Regis, [[Dorset]], [[Pow Sows]]. Hi a guntella menhesennow diworth an alsow ogas dhe Lyme Regis (hag o meurgerys gans tornysi) ha hi a's wertha diworth moes yn tavern kyns hi dhe brena hy gwerthji hy honan. Hi a drovyas: * An kynsa menhesenn ichthyosaur * An kynsa dew venhesenn plesiousaurus * An kynsa pterosaur yn-mes [[Almayn]] [[Restren:Ichthyosaurus_communis_in_London.jpg|skeusennik|300px|Ensampel a ichthyosaur dhiworth an [[Pri]] Kimmeridge yn Dorset]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Anning, Mary}} [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1799]] [[Klass:Godhonydhesow]] [[Klass:Mernansow 1847]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Ruvaneth Unys]] [[Klass:Sowsesow]] 05k6vbyfbe6ncba3u1jcbkxw7g6ua7p 0 14378 229458 227935 2026-09-26T09:53:52Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229458 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Den|fetchwikidata=ALL|onlysourced=yes|suppressfields=ymgynghorydd y doethor}} '''Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein''' (26 Ebrel [[1889]] – 29 Ebrel [[1951]]) o [[Filosofieth|filosofer]] [[Estrych|ostrian]]-[[Breten Veur|bretennek]] a oberi dre vras yn [[lojyk]], filosofieth [[awgrym]], filosofieth an [[brys]] ha filosofieth [[Yeth|yethow]]. Y'n aswonir avel onan a'n posekka filosofers gans meur a dhelanwes war an oos arnowydh. Ludwig Wittgenstein a veu genys y'n [[Wien]] an 26ves Ebrel 1889, y gerens Karl ha Leopoldine Wittgenstein. An yowynka a eth [[flogh]] o ev hag ev a veu genys dhe onan a'n teyluyow an moyha golusek y'n [[Emperouregieth|emperoureth]] Ostro-Hungarian. [[LKDT|Kethreydhel]] o ev. Ev a verwis a ganker an ragwagren yn [[Kergront]]. Kyns y vernans dhe 62 bloodh, ny wrug Wittgenstein dyllo marnas unn [[lyver]]: ''Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus''. Y nessa lyver, ''Philosophical Investigations'', o dyllys hware wosa y vernans. An dhew oberen yw aswonnys avel pur bosek rag filosofieth dielvennus. {{unn k}} {{Posek 1,000}} [[Klass:Awgrymoryon]] [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1889]] [[Klass:Filosofers art]] [[Klass:Filosofers awgrym]] [[Klass:Mernansow 1951]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Ruvaneth Unys]] [[Klass:Ostrians]] [[Klass:Skriforyon LKDT]] [[Klass:Tus gans disordyrs brysel]] ouy7g6oi6ewu0dkx8laciolvr91rcqw 0 15425 229463 224708 2026-09-26T10:08:05Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229463 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Den | fetchwikidata=ALL | onlysourced=yes | suppressfields= }} '''Victoria Wood''' ''CBE'' (19 mis Me [[1953]] – 20 mis Ebrel [[2016]]) o gesyores, gwariores, ''lyricist'', kanores, komposydhes, pianydhes, ''screenwriter'', askorres ha kevarwodhes sowsnek. [[Klass:Chevalri]] [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1953]] [[Klass:Gesyoresow]] [[Klass:Gwarioresow lev]] [[Klass:Gwarioresow pellwolok]] [[Klass:Mernansow 2016]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Ruvaneth Unys]] [[Klass:Skriforesow sowsnek]] nlnztzdio4nfbzn42qg1gihgeytqlm4 0 15564 229456 226562 2026-09-26T09:46:12Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229456 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Andrew Bonar Law''' (/ˈbɒnər ˈlɔː/ BONN-ər;<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/bonar-law|title=Bonar Law – Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes Oxford Advanced Learner&apos;s Dictionary at OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=21 May 2015}}</ref> 16 mis Gwynngala [[1858]] – 30 mis Hedra [[1923]]) o politeger bretennek. ==Devynnow== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Law, Andrew Bonar}} {{Pennvenystroryon an Ruvaneth Unys}} [[Klass:Chansloryon]] [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1858]] [[Klass:ES Parti Gwithyasel rag pastellow bro Pow Sows]] [[Klass:Kanadians]] [[Klass:Mernansow 1923]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Ruvaneth Unys]] [[Klass:Pennvenystroryon an Ruvaneth Unys]] [[Klass:Ynkleudhyansow yn Loundres]] 0bfsgmqu3d2t7q03fdbvbv36usyd5f1 0 16036 229449 229209 2026-09-26T09:25:23Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229449 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Den | fetchwikidata=ALL | onlysourced=yes | suppressfields= }} '''Dama Enid Diana Elizabeth Rigg''' DBE (20 mis Gortheren [[1938]]{{Spaced en dash}}10 mis Gwynngala [[2020]]) o gwariores fylm ha gwariva sowsnek. [[Klass:Damyow]] [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1938]] [[Klass:Gwarioresow fylm]] [[Klass:Gwarioresow lev]] [[Klass:Gwarioresow pellwolok]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon wariva]] [[Klass:Mernansow 2020]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Ruvaneth Unys]] [[Klass:Sowsesow]] 4cyz9m9vgqeklgyqd37v0uem38cujnj 0 16115 229457 223725 2026-09-26T09:50:17Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229457 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dr Marjorie "Mo" Mowlam''' (18 mis Gwynngala [[1949]] – 19 mis Est [[2005]]) o politegores bretennek. [[Klass:Didhuwydhyon]] [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1949]] [[Klass:ES Parti Lavur rag pastellow bro Pow Sows]] [[Klass:Jornalyadesow]] [[Klass:Mernansow 2005]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Ruvaneth Unys]] [[Klass:Skriforesow sowsnek]] 76c9uciwnpamnnuovn4h4icpbej43s8 0 16341 229453 226480 2026-09-26T09:37:33Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229453 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Den | fetchwikidata=ALL | onlysourced=yes | suppressfields=soodh }} '''Tessa Jane Helen Douglas Jowell, Baroness Jowell''', DBE, PC (née Palmer; 18 mis Gwynngala [[1947]] – 12 mis Me [[2018]]) o politegores bretennek. {{DEFAULTSORT:Jowell, Tessa}} [[Klass:Damyow]] [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1947]] [[Klass:Eseli Senedh a'n RU 2010-2015]] [[Klass:ES Parti Lavur rag pastellow bro Pow Sows]] [[Klass:Konseloryon]] [[Klass:Mernansow 2018]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Ruvaneth Unys]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kleves neurologyl]] [[Klass:Politegoresow]] [[Klass:Politegoryon a Loundres]] [[Klass:Sowsesow]] meg3nxuuco2zwx2etsh0sg2lfc9dmf0 0 16363 229448 228805 2026-09-26T09:22:51Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229448 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Den|fetchwikidata=ALL}} '''David Arthur Whitaker''' (18 mis Ebrel [[1928]] – 4 mis Hwevrer [[1980]]) o skrifer pellwolok ha romanser sowsnek. (''Doctor Who''). {{stock-tus-ru}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Whitaker, David}} [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1928]] [[Klass:Mernansow 1980]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Ruvaneth Unys]] [[Klass:Pellwolok]] [[Klass:Skriforyon fugieth]] [[Klass:Sowson]] p1o8l5ta1rqssrseqe672y6jikt1mry 0 16440 229455 225285 2026-09-26T09:44:16Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229455 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Den | fetchwikidata=ALL | onlysourced=yes | suppressfields=soodh }} '''Arloedhes Megan Arvon Lloyd George''', CH (22 mis Ebrel [[1902]] – 14 mis Me [[1966]]) o politeger kembrek. {{stokk-tus-kembra}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lloyd George, Megan}} [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1902]] [[Klass:Kembresow]] [[Klass:Mernansow 1966]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Ruvaneth Unys]] [[Klass:Politegoresow]] [[Klass:Politegoryon a Gembra]] [[Klass:Ynkleudhyansow yn Europa]] eg4xekwczpy5bzrslf9jtkzfhpizlyt 0 16467 229459 226158 2026-09-26T09:57:09Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229459 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Den | fetchwikidata=ALL | onlysourced=yes | suppressfields= }} '''Madeleine Sophie Wickham''', aswonys avel hy hanow pluven '''Sophie Kinsella''', (genys 12 mis Kevardhu [[1970]]) yw awtoures sowsnek. {{stock-tus-ru}} [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1969]] [[Klass:Mernansow 2025]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Ruvaneth Unys]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kleves neurologyl]] [[Klass:Skriforesow sowsnek]] [[Klass:Skriforyon fugieth]] 7zcv2amtd5foaz0o2nd5hfur5gf7yrh 0 16479 229450 228256 2026-09-26T09:27:06Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229450 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Den|fetchwikidata=ALL}} '''Syr Roger Vernon Scruton''' FBA FRSL ({{IPA|/ˈskruːtən/}}; 27 mis Hwevrer [[1944]]{{Spaced en dash}}12 mis Genver [[2020]]) o [[Filosofieth|filosofer]] ha skrifer sowsnek. {{stock-tus-ru}} [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1944]] [[Klass:Filosofers art]] [[Klass:Komposydhyon]] [[Klass:Marghogyon Vacheler]] [[Klass:Mernansow 2020]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Ruvaneth Unys]] [[Klass:Sowson]] lvkdl8w06e5sp50uesfubwn49rocih5 0 16482 229460 229110 2026-09-26T09:59:41Z Aqchampion 8099 klass 229460 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Den|fetchwikidata=ALL}} '''John Morley Shrapnel''' (27 mis Ebrel [[1942]] – 14 mis Hwevrer [[2020]]) o gwarier sowsnek. {{stock-tus-ru}} [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1942]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon bellwolok]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon fylm]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon sowsnek]] [[Klass:Gwarioryon wariva]] [[Klass:Mernansow 2020]] [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker y’n Ruvaneth Unys]] 1xf4mat9ior2z9vizazt15uhzt8fna6 2 18772 229441 224890 2026-09-25T18:17:39Z Gazamp 9824 229441 wikitext text/x-wiki Since there are only so many editors on Wikipedya Kernewek, it is important to maintain the pages that are created. This is a list of when I last updated pages which could be affected by events and news that I use to monitor which articles I need to spend time on. ==Need to be updated== ===Out of date=== *[[Mike Pence]] - update with 2024 presidential campaign *[[Theresa Villiers]] - EO24 *[[Angela Rayner]] *[[Parti Brexit]] *[[Caroline Lucas]] *[[Rosena Allin-Khan]] *[[Dawn Butler]] *[[Jeremy Corbyn]] *[[Geoffrey Cox]] *[[Jeremy Wright]] *[[Sadiq Khan]] *[[Olivia Blake]] *[[Emmanuel Macron]] *[[Rishi Sunak]] *[[Wendy Chamberlain]] *[[Gwariow Europek]] *[[Kamala Harris]] *[[Diane Abbott]] *[[Ian Blackford]] *[[Florence Eshalomi]] *[[Mhairi Black]] *[[Lloyd Russell-Moyle]] *[[Sajid Javid]] *[[Vladimir Putin]] *[[Waheed Alli]] *[[Munira Wilson]] *[[Jane Hunt]] *[[Rushanara Ali]] *[[Yasmin Qureshi]] *[[Barbara Comstock]] *[[Amy Callaghan]] *[[Vince Cable]] *[[Wera Hobhouse]] *[[Priti Patel]] *[[Xavier Bettel]] *[[Ingrida Šimonytė]] *[[Leo Varadkar]] *[[Adam Price]] *[[Nadine Dorries]] *[[Aldershot (pastell vro Senedh an RU)]] *[[Bethnal Green ha Bow]] *[[Bolton Soth-Est]] *[[Dunbartonshire Est]] *[[Fife North-Est (pastell vro Senedh an RU)]] *[[Karvyrdhin Est ha Dinefwr (pastell vro Senedh an RU)]] *[[Loughborough (pastell vro Senedh an RU)]] *[[Twickenham (pastell vro Senedh an RU)]] *[[Pewasow Akademi]] ===May need updating in future=== *[[Sinn Fein]] *[[Steven Spielberg]] *[[Jonathan Bartley]] *[[Chuck Schumer]] *[[Andrew Cuomo]] *[[Stacey Abrams]] *[[Gretchen Witmer]] *[[Nancy Pelosi]] *[[Michelle Obama]] *[[Tim Berners-Lee]] *[[Mary Lou McDonald]] *[[Julia Goldsworthy]] *[[Michael Heseltine]] *[[John Bercow]] *[[Molly Scott Cato]] *[[Magid Magid]] *[[Kim Jong-un]] *[[Marsha Blackburn]] *[[Lamar Alexander]] *[[Nick Clegg]] *[[Sharice Davids]] *[[Steve Gilbert]] *[[Brian Paddick]] *[[Sal Brinton]] *[[Sally Hamwee]] *[[Nicky Morgan]] *[[Jo Swinson]] *[[Tim Kaine]] *[[Elizabeth Warren]] *[[Kelly Loeffler]] *[[Raphael Warnock]] *[[Jon Ossoff]] *[[David Perdue]] *[[Kaja Kallas]] *[[Paul Tyler]] *[[Bernie Sanders]] *[[Lisa Murkowski]] *[[Brian Schatz]] *[[Mazie Hirono]] *[[Ralph Northam]] *[[Marco Rubio]] *[[Ed Markey]] *[[Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez]] *[[Rashida Tlaib]] *[[Zara Rutherford]] *[[Marine Le Pen]] *[[Jonas Gahr Støre]] *[[John Fetterman]] ==2024== ===Gortheren=== *[[Siân Berry]] *[[Brighton Kemptown ha Peacehaven (pastell vro Senedh an RU)]] *[[Brighton Pavilion (pastell vro Senedh an RU)]] *[[Nicola Sturgeon]] (no mention of police investigation yet) *[[Jay Inslee]] (term diwedhys yn mis Genver 2025) ===Hedra=== *[[Parti Gwer Pow Sows ha Kembra]] *[[Skrifennyas an Stat rag Gonisogeth, Media ha Sport]] *[[Asran rag Gonisogeth, Media ha Sport]] ==2025== ===Ebrel=== *[[Marco Rubio]] *[[Liz Truss]] *[[Skrifennyas an Stat rag an Kerghynnedh, Boos ha Negysyow Powek]] ===Me=== *[[Ska Keller]] ===Est=== *[[Rachel Reeves]] *[[Stephen Morgan]] *[[Sheryll Murray]] *[[Kernow Soth Est (pastell vro Senedh an RU)]] *[[Nadia Whittome]] *[[Wendy Morton]] *[[Aldridge-Brownhills (pastell vro Senedh an RU)]] *[[Derek Thomas]] *[[Porth Ia (pastell vro Senedhek RU)]] *[[Jennifer Wexton]] *[[Robert Halfon]] ==2026== ===Genver=== *[[Zarah Sultana]] *[[George Eustice]] *[[Harlow (pastell vro Senedh an RU)]] *[[Mark Drakeford]] *[[Parti Rudh (Norgagh)]] *''[[Vaughan Gething]]'' ===Hwevrer=== *[[Suella Braverman]] *[[Fareham (pastell vro Senedh an RU)]] *''[[John Swinney]]'' ===Gwynngala=== *[[Deb Haaland]] 6ky66bfdm0qifb0frh002sqa0ltumue 229443 229441 2026-09-25T18:23:17Z Gazamp 9824 229443 wikitext text/x-wiki Since there are only so many editors on Wikipedya Kernewek, it is important to maintain the pages that are created. This is a list of when I last updated pages which could be affected by events and news that I use to monitor which articles I need to spend time on. ==Need to be updated== ===Out of date=== *[[Mike Pence]] - update with 2024 presidential campaign *[[Theresa Villiers]] - EO24 *[[Angela Rayner]] *[[Parti Brexit]] *[[Caroline Lucas]] *[[Rosena Allin-Khan]] *[[Dawn Butler]] *[[Jeremy Corbyn]] *[[Geoffrey Cox]] *[[Jeremy Wright]] *[[Sadiq Khan]] *[[Olivia Blake]] *[[Emmanuel Macron]] *[[Rishi Sunak]] *[[Wendy Chamberlain]] *[[Gwariow Europek]] *[[Kamala Harris]] *[[Diane Abbott]] *[[Florence Eshalomi]] *[[Mhairi Black]] *[[Lloyd Russell-Moyle]] *[[Sajid Javid]] *[[Vladimir Putin]] *[[Waheed Alli]] *[[Munira Wilson]] *[[Jane Hunt]] *[[Rushanara Ali]] *[[Yasmin Qureshi]] *[[Barbara Comstock]] *[[Amy Callaghan]] *[[Vince Cable]] *[[Wera Hobhouse]] *[[Priti Patel]] *[[Xavier Bettel]] *[[Ingrida Šimonytė]] *[[Leo Varadkar]] *[[Adam Price]] *[[Nadine Dorries]] *[[Aldershot (pastell vro Senedh an RU)]] *[[Bethnal Green ha Bow]] *[[Bolton Soth-Est]] *[[Dunbartonshire Est]] *[[Fife North-Est (pastell vro Senedh an RU)]] *[[Karvyrdhin Est ha Dinefwr (pastell vro Senedh an RU)]] *[[Loughborough (pastell vro Senedh an RU)]] *[[Twickenham (pastell vro Senedh an RU)]] *[[Pewasow Akademi]] ===May need updating in future=== *[[Sinn Fein]] *[[Steven Spielberg]] *[[Jonathan Bartley]] *[[Chuck Schumer]] *[[Andrew Cuomo]] *[[Stacey Abrams]] *[[Gretchen Witmer]] *[[Nancy Pelosi]] *[[Michelle Obama]] *[[Tim Berners-Lee]] *[[Mary Lou McDonald]] *[[Julia Goldsworthy]] *[[Michael Heseltine]] *[[John Bercow]] *[[Molly Scott Cato]] *[[Magid Magid]] *[[Kim Jong-un]] *[[Marsha Blackburn]] *[[Lamar Alexander]] *[[Nick Clegg]] *[[Sharice Davids]] *[[Steve Gilbert]] *[[Brian Paddick]] *[[Sal Brinton]] *[[Sally Hamwee]] *[[Nicky Morgan]] *[[Jo Swinson]] *[[Tim Kaine]] *[[Elizabeth Warren]] *[[Kelly Loeffler]] *[[Raphael Warnock]] *[[Jon Ossoff]] *[[David Perdue]] *[[Kaja Kallas]] *[[Paul Tyler]] *[[Bernie Sanders]] *[[Lisa Murkowski]] *[[Brian Schatz]] *[[Mazie Hirono]] *[[Ralph Northam]] *[[Marco Rubio]] *[[Ed Markey]] *[[Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez]] *[[Rashida Tlaib]] *[[Zara Rutherford]] *[[Marine Le Pen]] *[[Jonas Gahr Støre]] *[[John Fetterman]] ==2024== ===Gortheren=== *[[Siân Berry]] *[[Brighton Kemptown ha Peacehaven (pastell vro Senedh an RU)]] *[[Brighton Pavilion (pastell vro Senedh an RU)]] *[[Nicola Sturgeon]] (no mention of police investigation yet) *[[Jay Inslee]] (term diwedhys yn mis Genver 2025) ===Hedra=== *[[Parti Gwer Pow Sows ha Kembra]] *[[Skrifennyas an Stat rag Gonisogeth, Media ha Sport]] *[[Asran rag Gonisogeth, Media ha Sport]] ==2025== ===Ebrel=== *[[Marco Rubio]] *[[Liz Truss]] *[[Skrifennyas an Stat rag an Kerghynnedh, Boos ha Negysyow Powek]] ===Me=== *[[Ska Keller]] ===Est=== *[[Rachel Reeves]] *[[Stephen Morgan]] *[[Sheryll Murray]] *[[Kernow Soth Est (pastell vro Senedh an RU)]] *[[Nadia Whittome]] *[[Wendy Morton]] *[[Aldridge-Brownhills (pastell vro Senedh an RU)]] *[[Derek Thomas]] *[[Porth Ia (pastell vro Senedhek RU)]] *[[Jennifer Wexton]] *[[Robert Halfon]] ==2026== ===Genver=== *[[Zarah Sultana]] *[[George Eustice]] *[[Harlow (pastell vro Senedh an RU)]] *[[Mark Drakeford]] *[[Parti Rudh (Norgagh)]] *''[[Vaughan Gething]]'' ===Hwevrer=== *[[Suella Braverman]] *[[Fareham (pastell vro Senedh an RU)]] *''[[John Swinney]]'' ===Gwynngala=== *[[Deb Haaland]] *[[Ian Blackford]] 2gh1dpd148b7z6yorkk9xplyaqhfvgg 2 19432 229437 229376 2026-09-25T16:31:27Z Flynn Peck 18125 229437 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fixkw}} '''Lusu loskvenydhyek''' a gonsyst a dharnow a garrek, [[Gwrys|gwrysow]] moon, ha [[gweder loskvenydhyek]], askorrys dre [[Tardhans loskvenydhyek|dardhansow loskvenydhyek]] ha le es 2 mm y'n dreuslinen.<ref name=":8">https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jvolgeores.2009.01.010</ref> An term lusu loskvenydhyek yw devnydhys yn fenowgh rag kampolla oll askorrasow [[tardhans hedardh]] (henwys yn hwir ''[[tefra]]''), ow komprehendya perthyglow brassa es 2 mm. Furvys yw lusu loskvenydhyek yn tardhansow loskvenydhyek hedardh ha gassys teudhys yn [[magma]] a omles hag a skeus yn hwyls y'n ayrgylgh. An nerth a'n gassys a vrew an magma hag a's tewl y'n ayrgylgh le may solydha yn darnow a garrek ha gweder loskvenydhyek. Lusu yw askorrys ynwedh ha magma a gestav orth dowr yn [[Tardhans freatomagmatek|tardhansow freatomagmatek]], ow kawsya an dowr dhe lughesi yn ethen owth omsewya yn brewans a vagma. Y'n ayr, lusu yw treusperthys gans gwyns bys yn milyow a gilometrow dhe-ves. [[Restren:Plume from eruption of Chaiten volcano, Chile.jpg|skeusennik|Kommol lusu a'n tardhans 2008 a loskvenydh [[Chaitén (loskvenydh)|Chaitén]], owth ystyn a-dreus dhe [[Patagoni|Batagoni]] dhyworth an [[Keynvor Hebask|Hebask]] dhe'n [[Keynvor Atlantek|Atlantek]]]] Awos hy skollyans efan, lusu a yll menni hwarheans dre: kudynnow yeghes yn miles ha tus, goderryans dhe neyjieth, goderryans dhe isframweyth droboyntel (r.e. kevreythyow provyans tredan, pellgomunyans, rosweythyow dowr ha skoll, treusporth), diwysyansow kynsa (r.e. amethieth), ha shyndyans dhe dhrehevyansow ha strethurow erel. == Furvyans == [[Restren:Eyjafjallajokull-April-17.JPG|skeusennik|Pluven lusu ow sevel a [[Eyjafjallajökull]] yn 17 mis Ebrel 2010]] Lusu loskvenydhyek yw furvys dres tardhansow loskvenydhyek hedardh ha [[Tardhans freatomagmatek|tardhansow freatomagmatek]],<ref>https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0377-0273%2802%2900471-7</ref> hag y hyll bos furvys dres treusporth yn [[Fros tandharnek|frosow dosedh tandharnek]].<ref>https://doi.org/10.1029%2F2007JB005555</ref> [[Restren:DC-10-30 resting on its tail due to Pinatubo ashfall.jpg|skeusennik|Lusu loskvenydhyek war [[McDonnell Douglas DC-10|McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30]] dres an tardhans 1991 a [[Menydh Pinatubo|Venydh Pinatubo]]. Lusu usi ow kodha a far yn maner haval dhe [[ergh]], an poos a lusu a yll kawsya arnow a vri dhe dhrehevyansow ha kerri. Y'n kas ma, lusu loskvenydhyek a janjyas kres gravedh an ayren, orth hy hawsya dhe dhiskwitha war hy lost.]] Yma tardhansow hedardh pan vo diwaskys magma hag y sev, ow kasa [[Volatil (sterdororieth)|volatilys]] teudhys (dre vras [[dowr]] ha [[karbon dioksid]]) dhe dhiberth yn hwethennow gass.<ref>Wilson, T.M.; Stewart, C. (2012). "Volcanic Ash". In P, Bobrowsky (ed.). ''Encyclopaedia of Natural Hazards''. Springer. p. 1000.</ref> Awos moy hwethennow usi ow nuklesenna, yma ewon askorrys a iselha [[Doesedh (fisegieth)|dosedh]] an magma, orth y uskishe yn-bann an ganel. Yma omvrewyans pan gevanettho hwethennow ~70–80 dalgh% a'n kemyskans usi ow tardha.<ref>[[Cashman, K.V.]]; Sturtevant, B.; Papale, P.; Navon, O. (2000). "Magmatic fragmentation". In Sigurdsson, H.; Houghton, B.F.; McNutt, S.R.; Rymer, H.; Stix, J. (eds.). ''Encyclopedia of Volcanoes''. San Diego, USA: Elsevier Inc. p. 1417.</ref> Pan usi omvrewyans, hwethennow a efan yn freudhek hag a freg an magma yn darnow a vydh estewlys dhe'n [[ayrgylgh]] le may solydhons dhe vos perthyglow lusu. Omvrewyans yw argerdh fest effeythus a furvyans lusu hag y hyll dinythi lusu pur fin heb hogen keworrans a dhowr.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pce.2011.09.002</ref> [[Restren:MtCleveland ISS013-E-24184.jpg|skeusennik|Pluven lusu a [[Menydh Cleveland, Alaska|Venydh Cleveland]], loskvenydh gweliek y'n [[Enesow Aleutiek]]]] Lusu loskvenydhyek yw askorrys ynwedh dres [[Tardhans freatomagmatek|tardhansow freatomagmatek]]. Y'n tardhansow ma, yma omvrewyans pan usi magma ow tos erbynn dowr (kepar hag an mor, lynnyn, ha keunegi), dordhowr, ergh, po rew. Hag an magma (pottha yn arwedhek es an poynt-bryjyon dowr) a dheu erbynn dowr, yma kennen-enesega a ethen ([[effeyth Leidenfrost]]).<ref name=":1">Zimanowski, B. (2000). "Physics of phreatomagmatism. Part 1: explosion physics". ''Terra Nostra''. '''6''': 515–523.</ref> Wostiwedh an gennen ethen ma a wra diskara, owth omsewya yn koplans didro a'n dowr yeyn ha magma pooth. Hemm a gress an treusporth tomder neb a omsew yn efanyans uskis a dhowr hag omvrewyans a'n magma yn perthyglow byghan usi estewlys yn iskevresek a'n dardhell loskvenydhyek. Omvrewyans a gaws kressyans yn arenebedh-kestava yntra magma ha dowr usi ow kwruthyl method-dasliva,<ref name=":1" /> owth omsewya yn omvrewyans pella hag askorrans a berthyglow lusu fin. [[Restren:Vulkaanilise tuha kiht.JPG|skeusennik|Lusu loskvenydhyek a 454 milvil bloodh yntra gweliow a [[Kalgh|galgh]] y'n vedhva [[Skons Morlu Peder Meur]] yn [[Estoni]] yn ogas a [[Laagri]]. Hemm yw remenant a onan a'n kottha [[Rol a'n brassa tardhansow loskvenydhyek|tardhansow bras]] gwithys. An dreuslinen a'n aden wedrik kamera yw 55 mm.]] Frosow dosedh tandharnek a yll askorra ynwedh perthyglow lusu. An re ma yw askorrys yn tipek dre dhiskar [[krommdo lava]] po diskar a'n [[Koloven dardhans|goloven dardhans]].<ref name=":10">Parfitt, E.A.; Wilson, L. (2008). ''Fundamentals of Physical Volcanology''. Massachusetts, USA: Blackwell Publishing. p. 256.</ref> A-berth yn frosow dosedh tandharnek, yma [[Kravas (jynnweythek)|kravas]] perthygel ha perthyglow a gesskwatt yn freudhek, owth omsewya yn iselheans a vraster reun hag askorrans a berthyglow lusu fin. Yn keworransel, lusu a yll bos askorrys dres omvrewyans nessa a dharnow pumis, awos an gwithans tomder a-berth y'n fros.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0377-0273%2881%2990077-9</ref> An argerdhow ma a askorr mynsow bras a lusu fest fin usi dileys rag frosow dosedh tandharnek yn pluvennow lusu kes-ignimbrit. [[Restren:Volcanic Ash from Mount St Helens - GeoDIL 460.jpg|skeusennik|Lusu loskvenydhyek a'n [[tardhans 1980 a Venydh Sen Helens]]]] Teythi fisegel ha kymygiethel a lusu loskvenydhyek yw routys dre vras gans an gis a dardhans loskvenydhyek.<ref name=":9">https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/ash/</ref> Loskvenydhyow a omdhiskwedh efander bras a isyow tardhans routys dre gymygieth vagma, synsas gwrys, tempredh, ha gassys teudhys a'n magma usi ow tardha hag y hyll bos klassys ow tevnydhya an [[Menegva dardhadewder loskvenydhyek|venegva dardhadewder loskvenydhyek]] (MDL). Tardhans diverek (VEI 1) a gomposyans [[Basalt|basaltek]] a askorr <10⁵ m³ a estewlas, ha tardhansow fest hedardh (VEI 5+) a gomposyans [[Ryolit|ryolitek]] ha [[Dacit|dacitek]] a yll skitya mynsow bras (>10⁹ m³) a estewlas y'n ayrgylgh.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1029%2FJC087iC02p01231</ref> == Teythi == === Kymygiethel === An eghennow a vonyow usi yn lusu loskvenydhyek yw serghek war gymygieth a'n magma. Dre reson an moyha pals elvennow kevys yn magma [[silikat]] yw [[silikon]] hag [[oksyjen]], an eghennow dyffrans a vagma (ha rag henna, lusu) askorrys dres tardhansow loskvenydhyek yw displegys yn kemmyn dre aga synsas silika. Tardhansow dinerth a [[Basalt|vasalt]] a askorr lusu du usi owth yssynsi ~45–55% silika, dre vras rych yn [[horn]] (Fe) ha [[magnesiom]] (Mg). An moyha hedardh tardhansow [[ryolit]] a askorr lusu [[felsek]] gans meur a silika (>69%) hag eghennow erel a lusu gans komposyans kres (r.e., [[andesit]] po [[dacit]]) a's teves synsas silika yntra 55 ha 69%. An gassys chif dyllys dres aktivita loskvenydhyek yw [[dowr]], [[karbon dioksid]], [[hidrojen]], [[sulfur dioksid]], [[hidrojen sulfid]], [[karbon monoksid]], ha [[hidrojen klorid]].<ref name=":2">https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00445-010-0396-1</ref> An [[sulfur]] ha gassys [[halojen]] hag alkenyow yw dileys rag an ayrgylgh der argerdhow a dhasoberyans kymygiethel, kreun sygh ha glyb, ha der [[Arlenans (kymygieth)|arlenans]] war'n arenep a lusu loskvenydhyek. Re beu aswonys seuladhydh yma efander bras a gesunyansow [[sulfat]] ha [[halid]] (dres oll [[klorid]] ha [[fluorid]]) gwayys yn es gans lusu loskvenydhyek.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.209.4461.1116</ref><ref name=":3">https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.gca.2008.05.030</ref> Prederys an moyha gwirhaval yw yma a'n holan ma furvys awos bos teudhans a berthyglow lusu a-berth yn [[Koloven dardhans|kolovennow tardhans]] usi krysys dhe brovia an kations omvyskys gans an gasans a sulfat ha holan halid.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.epsl.2007.04.052</ref> Kyn re beu 55 eghen ionek derivasys yn [[Dewanat|dewanatys]] lusu yr,<ref name=":2" /> an moyha pals eghennow kevys dell yw usys yw an kations [[Sodiom|Na⁺]], [[Potassiom|K⁺]], [[Kalciom|Ca²⁺]], ha [[Magnesiom|Mg²⁺]] hag an anions [[Klorin|Cl⁻]], [[Fluorid|F⁻]], ha [[Sulfat|SO₄²⁻]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Komparrivow molek ynter an ions usi yn dewanatys a brof, yn lies kas yma an elvennow ma avel holan sempel kepar ha [[Sodiom klorid|NaCl]] ha [[Kalciom sulfat|CaSO₄]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4">https://doi.org/10.1029%2FGL007i011p00949</ref><ref>https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fbf02597580</ref><ref>https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0377-0273%2801%2900198-6</ref> Yn arbrov dewanans iskevresek war lusu a'n [[tardhans 1980 a Venydh Sen Helens]], yth esa [[Klorid|holan klorid]] kevys dhe vos an moyha hedeuth yn es, holys gans holan [[sulfat]].<ref name=":4" /> Kesunyansow [[fluorid]] yw dre vras hedeuth namenowgh hepken (r.e., [[Kalciom fluorid|CaF₂]], [[Magnesiom fluorid|MgF₂]]), saw holan fluorid a [[Alkan alkaliek|alkenyow alkaliek]] ha kesunyansow kepar ha kalciom hweghfluorosilikat (CaSiF₆).<ref>https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09603120220129274</ref> An [[pH]] a dhewanatys lusu yr yw pur janjus, ow kregi war'n lok a gluthyat gass trenk (dres oll avel sewyans a'n gassys [[Sulfur dioksid|SO₂]], [[Trenken dhowrglorek|HCl]], ha [[Hidrojen fluorid|HF]] y'n bluven dardhans) war arenep an lusu. Kesweyth gwrysek-solyd an holan a ober moy avel eneseger es kendeger.<ref>Nellis, C.A.; Hendrix, K.W. (1980). "Progress report on the investigation of volcanic ash fallout from Mount St Helens". ''Bonneville Power Administration, Laboratory Report ERJ-80-47''.</ref><ref>https://doi.org/10.1109%2FTPAS.1981.316741</ref><ref>https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jvolgeores.2008.07.023</ref><ref name=":5">https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pce.2011.09.003</ref> Byttegyns, pan vo teudhys yn teudhans an holan dre bennfenten a lybor (r.e., niwl, glaw skav, h.e.), an lusu a yll dos ha bos kesknius ha kendegek yn tredanek. Studhyans a-dhiwedhes re dhiskwedhas an kendegekter tredanek a lusu loskvenydhyek a gress gans:<ref name=":5" /> # synsas glybor usi owth ynkressya # synsas holan hedeuth usi owth ynkressya # kewaskans usi owth ynkressya Yma sewyansow a vri rag kevreythyow-provia tredanek dhe'n gallos a lusu loskvenydhyek dhe gendegi fros tredan. === Fisegel === ==== Rannow ==== [[Restren:Ashsem small.jpg|skeusennik|Skeusen [[Korrwelell-arhwilas elektron|korrgraf-arhwilas elektron]] a berthygel a lusu loskvenydhyek dhyworth [[Menydh Sen Helens]]]] Perthyglow lusu loskvenydhyek usi tardhys dres tardhansow magmatek yw gwrys a lies rann a berthyglow [[Gweder loskvenydhyek|gwedrek]] anwrysek po [[Darn menek (dororieth)|menek]] gwrysek (anvagmatek). Lusu askorrys dres tardhansow magmatek [[gluskter]]-isel (r.e., tardhansow basaltek [[Tardhans hawaiiek|hawaiiek]] ha [[Tardhans stromboliek|stromboliek]]) a askorr efander bras a dandharnow dyffrans serghek war'n argerdh tardhek. Rag ensampel, lusu kuntellys a fentynnyow lava hawaiiek a gonsyst a dandharnow [[sideromelan]] (gweder basaltek gell) neb a yssyns [[korrlitys]] (gwrysow-goyeynhe byghan, dihaval orth an moon treweythus [[mikrolit]]) ha [[Fenowrys|fenowrysow]]. Tardhansow nebes moy glusek a vasalt (r.e. stromboliek) a furv lies eghen a dandharnow a dhagrennow sideromelan avrewlys dhe [[Takylit|dakylit]] stockek (tandharnow korrwrysek du ha gorm). Yn gorthwedh, an brassa rann a lusu silika (r.e. ryolit) a gonsyst a askorrasow mannvrewys a [[Pumis|bumis]], fenowrysow unnik (rann wrysek), ha nebes darnow menek ([[Esven|esveyn]]).<ref name=":6">Heiken, G.; Wohletz, K.H. (1985). ''Volcanic ash''. University of California Press. p. 245.</ref> ==== Furvieth ==== [[Restren:MtStHelensAsh1980eruption.jpg|skeusennik|Skeusen [[Korrwelell wolow|gorrwelell wolow]] a lusu a'n tardhans 1980 a Venydh Sen Helens]] An furvieth a lusu loskvenydhyek yw routys gans lies argerdh tardhans ha gwayek.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7">https://doi.org/10.1130%2F0016-7606%281972%2983%5B1961%3Amapova%5D2.0.co%3B2</ref> Tardhans a vagmaow anlusek (r.e., basalt) a furv yn tipek perthyglow y'n furv a dhagrennow. An furv dagren ma yw, yn rannel, routys gans [[tynder arenep]], uskisheans a'n dagrennow wosa y tiberthons an dardhell, ha rutyans a'n ayr. Furvow a var a belyow perfeydh dhe efander bras a dhagrennow hirhys stummys gans arenebow leven linyel.<ref name=":7" /> An furvieth a lusu dhyworth tardhansow a vagmaow glusek (r.e., ryolit, dacit, ha nebes andesitys) yw serghek dre vras war'n furv a [[Gwiasedh kellek|gellow]] y'n magma usi ow sevel kyns diskara. Kellow yw furvys gans an omlesans a ass loskvenydhyek kyns bo solydhys an lava. Perthyglow lusu a's teves lies gradhow dyffrans a gellegieth ha perthyglow kellek a's teves komparrivow arenebedh arenep dhe dhalghedh.<ref name=":6" /> Kowgromvaow, kawnow, ha pibennow aspiys war berthyglow greun yw awos fosow kell terrys.<ref name=":7" /> Perthyglow lusu gwedrek a dardhansow magma glusek yw yn tipek darnow elinyek, kellek, ha pumisek po darnow tanow a fos an gell ha darnow menek yn lusu loskvenydhyek yw yn tipek ekwant, po elinyek dhe iskromm. Furvieth venek yn lusu yw dre vras routys gans teythi jynnweythek an karrek fos terrys dre [[spallans]] po omlesans hedardh a assys y'n magma hag y trehedh an arenep. An furvieth a berthyglow lusu a dardhansow freatomagmatek yw routys gans gwaskow a-berth y'n magma yeynhys neb a omsew yn omvrewyans a'n gweder rag furvya perthyglow lusu gweder byghan stockek po pyramidek.<ref name=":6" /> Furv ha dosedh a'n kellow a dheterm rann vyghan a furv an greun yn tardhansow freatomagmatek. Y'n eghen ma a dardhans, an magma usi ow sevel yw yeynhys snell wosa kestav orth an dor po dowr arenebel. Gwaskow y'n magma goyeynhys a gaws omvrewyans yn pymp eghen a furvow: # stockek hag ekwant # kellek hag avrewlys gans arenebow smodh # kewriek ha komplek # pelyek po dagrennek # platek ==== Dosedh ==== An dosedh a berthyglow unnik yw dihaval yn tardhansow dyffrans. An dosedh a lusu loskvenydhyek a var yntra 700 ha 1200 kg/m³ rag pumis, 2350–2450 kg/m³ rag gweder, 2700–3300 kg/m³ rag gwrysow, ha 2600–3200 kg/m³ rag perthyglow menek.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pce.2011.06.006</ref> Dre reson perthyglow garwa ha tewha yw leys ogassa dhe'n bennfenten, gweder ha pumis fin yw rychhys yn kodhow lusu yn tylleryow pell.<ref>Shipley, S.; Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M. (1982). "Distribution, thickness, and mass of late pleistocene and holocene tephra from major volcanoes in the northwestern United States: a preliminary assessment of hazards from volcanic ejecta to nuclear reactors in the Pacific Northwest". ''US Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-1435''.</ref> Rag an dosedh ha kaletter ughel (~5 war'n [[Skeul Mohs|Skeul Galetter Mohs]]) war-barth ha degre ughel a enlinyekter, yma nebes eghennow a lusu loskvenydhyek (dres oll an re na gans synsas silika ughel) pur eskravus. ==== Braster greunen ==== Lusu loskvenydhyek a gonsyst a berthyglow (tandharnow) gans treuslinennow le es 2 mm (perthyglow usi brassa es 2 mm yw klassys avel [[lapilli]]),<ref name=":8" /> hag y hyllons bos mar fin avel 1μm.<ref name=":9" /> An lesrannans braster greunen a yll varya yn feur gans komposyansow magma dyffrans. Re beu boghes assayys dhe omdhesedha teythi braster greunen orth an re na a'n hwarvos mayth aga askorras, mes y hyll nebes darganow bos gwrys. Magmaow ryolitek a askorr dre vras daffar finha es magma basaltek, awos bos an glusekter, ha rag henna tardhadewder, ughella. An kemusuryow a lusu fin yw ughella rag tardhansow silikek hedardh, dell hevel dre reson braster kell y'n magma kynstardhek yw byghanna es an re na yn magmaow mafek.<ref name=":8" /> Yma dustuni da dhe skoodhya frosow tandharnek a askorr kemusuryow ughel a lusu fin gans kowethyans ha gwirhaval yw an argerdh ma a hwer a-berth yn pibennow loskvenydhyek hag y fo an moyha effeythus pan usi arenep omvrewyans an magma a-woles dhe'n penn.<ref name=":8" /> == Skollyans == [[Restren:MountRedoubtEruption.jpg|skeusennik|Pluven lusu ow sevel dhyworth Menydh Redoubt wosa tardhans 27 mis Ebrel 1990]] [[Restren:Ash Plume and Ash Fall of May 1994 Eruption of Mount Pagan volcano in Northern Mariana Islands.jpg|skeusennik|Pluven lusu ha kodh lusu yn [[Menydh Pagan]], mis Me 1994]] Perthyglow lusu yw ynkorforys yn kolovennow tardhans hag yth estewlons a'n dardhell yn tooth da. An momentom a'n tardhans a rakherdh an goloven war-vann. Ayr yw tennys y'n goloven, hag an dosedh a iselha hag y talleth sevel yn neuvelladow y'n ayrgylgh.<ref name=":10" /> Pan vo drehedhys dosedh an goloven an keth nivel avel an ayrgylgh, an goloven a wra astel sevel hag y hwra dalleth gwaya yn tenwennek. Keskar tenwennek yw routys gans an krevva gwynsow hag an lusu a yll bos settys war-nans kansow dhe vilvilyow a gilometrow a-ves dhe'n loskvenydh, ow kregi war ughelder an goloven dardhans, braster greunen an lusu, ha studh hinek (dres oll tu ha krevder an gwyns, ha leythder).<ref>https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF01046546</ref> Yma kodh lusu a-dhesempis wosa an tardhans ha hemm yw routys gans dosedh perthygel. Y'n dalleth, perthyglow garow a godh yn ogas a'n bennfenten. Wosa hemma yma kodh a [[Lapilli|lapilli keskreunek]], an sewyans a [[Keskreunyans lusu loskvenydhyek|geskreunyans perthygel]] a-berth y'n goloven.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pce.2011.11.001</ref> Kodh lusu yw le keskreunys y'n kammow finek hag an goloven a way war-nans an gwyns. Hemm a omsew yn daffar lusu kodhys usi owth iselhe yn tewder ha braster greun yn esponentek a-ves dhe'n loskvenydh.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF01086757</ref> Perthyglow lusu fin a yll remaynya y'n ayrglygh rag dydhyow dhe seythynnyow hag y hyllons bos keskarys gans gwynsow ughel. An perthyglow ma a yll menni an diwysyans neyjieth ha, war-barth ha perthyglow gass, y hyllons menni an hin ollvysel. Pluvennow lusu loskvenydhyek a yll furvya a-ugh dhe frosow dosedh tandharnek. An re ma yw henwys pluvennow kes-ignimbrit. Hag yma frosow dosedh tandharnek ow viajya a-ves dhe'n loskvenydh, perthyglow byghanna yw dileys rag an fros der [[elutryans]] hag y furv parth le tew a-ugh dhe'n pennfros. Ena, an barth ma a gar war-barth an ayr ogas hag yma pluven ges-ignimbrit neuvelladow furvys. An pluvennow ma a duedh dhe bos gans kesgreunyansow ughella a berthyglow lusu fin es pluvennow tardhans magmatek awos bos an kravas a-berth y'n fros dosedh tandharnek.<ref name=":8" /> == Effeythyow == [[Restren:Cast victim eruptions Pompeii.jpg|skeusennik|Molysen a fethesik a'n tardhansow 79 OK a Venydh Vesuvius, [[Pompeii]], [[Itali]]]] Tevyans poblans re gawsyas an avonsyans a dhisplegyans trevel yn arenebedhow perylla, ogassa dhe gresennow loskvenydhyek, owth ynkressya diskudhans denel dhe hwarvosow kodh lusu loskvenydhyek.<ref name=":11">https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pce.2011.06.006</ref> Dell yw usys, effeythyow yeghes didro a lusu loskvenydhyek war dus yw berrdermyn ha klor rag tus yn yeghes normal, kyn tiskudhans hirhys yw martesen argol a [[silikosis]] rag oberoryon andhifresys.<ref name=":12">https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00445-006-0052-y</ref> Bern brassa yw an effeyth a lusu loskvenydhyek war'n [[isframweyth]] usi ow skoodhya hwarheansow arnowydh, dres oll yn arenebedhow trevel, le may ma dosedhow poblans ughel ow tinythi demond ughel rag gonisyow.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-7717.1991.tb00446.x</ref><ref name=":11" /> Lies tardhans a-dhiwedhes re dhiskwedhas an goliadewder a [[Arenebedh trevel|arenebedhow trevel]] neb a dhegemeras mar nebes milimetrow po centimetrow a lusu loskvenydhyek.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1130%2F0016-7606%282000%29112%3C720%3Aiotare%3E2.0.co%3B2</ref><ref>Leonard, G.S.; Johnston, D.M.; Williams, S.; Cole, J.W.; Finnis, K.; Barnard, S. (2005). "Impacts and management of recent volcanic eruptions in Ecuador: lessons for New Zealand". Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Science Report: 51.</ref><ref>Wilson, T.M.; Cole, J.; Stewart, C.; Dewar, D.; Cronin, S. (2008). "Assessment of long-term impacts on agriculture and infrastructure and recovery from the 1991 eruption of Hudson Volcano, Chile". University of Canterbury: 34.</ref><ref name=":15">https://doi.org/10.26021%2F9258</ref><ref>Sword-Daniels, V.L. (2010). The impacts of volcanic ash fall on critical infrastructure systems.</ref> Hemma re beu lowr rag kawsya goderryans dhe gevreythyow karyans,<ref>https://books.googleusercontent.com/books/content?req=AKW5QaeFmVfIKYjY_m8JICW5Zdt9lkgvgHEeyScWtjC95-Te-PyAOknAgAkVOBY-BYoV-0I_WbqP-ZtJjWIH29kLfuWiIXYgrv5i3A-7PLw9AoNecG8xa1a3bwZK_SaVwxuH54x6JUFs6iYTT7kbwgKBl8iJYFKRXZN0x3yfj8yYqqxdNy07iQEeNUcatSmlmSGbY2DpY8BXKgpIx10oTZ5s-9w7LNVnzseRwSB4wyhOXFBK8YsgdHqSvW0Tp10ADNsnW6GZPfd2ykWNMaWfF3bs6jUcZdtX7A</ref> [[Lesrannans tredan|tredan]],<ref>https://books.googleusercontent.com/books/content?req=AKW5QaeFmVfIKYjY_m8JICW5Zdt9lkgvgHEeyScWtjC95-Te-PyAOknAgAkVOBY-BYoV-0I_WbqP-ZtJjWIH29kLfuWiIXYgrv5i3A-7PLw9AoNecG8xa1a3bwZK_SaVwxuH54x6JUFs6iYTT7kbwgKBl8iJYFKRXZN0x3yfj8yYqqxdNy07iQEeNUcatSmlmSGbY2DpY8BXKgpIx10oTZ5s-9w7LNVnzseRwSB4wyhOXFBK8YsgdHqSvW0Tp10ADNsnW6GZPfd2ykWNMaWfF3bs6jUcZdtX7A</ref> [[Rosweyth-provia dowr|dowr]],<ref>Johnston, D.M.; Stewart, C.; Leonard, G.S.; Hoverd, J.; Thordarsson, T.; Cronin, S. (2004). "Impacts of volcanic ash on water supplies in Auckland: part I". ''Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Science Report'': 25.</ref><ref name=":14">https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jvolgeores.2006.07.002</ref> [[Beudhowr|karthyon]] ha [[dowr arnow]].<ref>Wilson et al. 2012, "4.1. Impacts on sewerage and stormwater drainage networks".</ref> Kevys veu kostow dre woderryans negys, asleans a dharnow arnewys, ha kollow surheans. Effeythyow kodh lusu war isframweyth droboyntel a yll kawsya lies effeyth nessa ynwedh, y hyllons goderri meur a dreghow ha gonisyow dyffrans.<ref>Wilson et al. 2012, "8.2. Case study in infrastructure interdependency: Montserrat".</ref> Kodh lusu loskvenydhyek yw parys dhe ania yn fisegel, yn socyel, hag yn erbysus.<ref>https://doi.org/10.5194%2Facp-11-4333-2011</ref> Lusu loskvenydhyek a yll menni an dhew arenebedhow ogas hag arenebedh lies kansgilometer a-ves dhe'n bennfenten,<ref>Wilson et al. 2012, "1.4. Distribution".</ref> hag y kaws goderryansow ha kollow yn lies tregh isframweyth. Effeythyow yw serghek war: tewder an kodh lusu; braster greun ha kymygieth an lusu; mars usi glyb po sygh; hirder termyn an kodh lusu; ha neb musurys darbarekter, [[Dyghtyans goredhom|dyghtyans]], ha lestans usi rag iselhe effeythyow an kodh lusu. Treghow dyffrans a isframweyth ha hwarheans yw mennys yn maneryow dihaval hag godiadow yw dhe efander bras a effeythyow po sewyansow. An re ma yw omgussulys y'n treghow a sew.<ref name=":11" /> === Yeghes denel ha bestes === Perthyglow lusu le es 10 μm y'n dreuslinen kregys y'n ayr yw aswonys bos ynanelladow, ha tus diskudhys dhe godhow lusu re glewas anes ha kaletter anellans, rudhder lagas ha kroghen, ha sinyow tron ha briansen.<ref name=":13">http://www.ivhhn.org/</ref> Brassa rann a'n effeythyow ma yw berrdermyn ha nyns yw krysys argol yeghes a vri rag an re ma heb [[kleves anellans]] kyns.<ref name=":12" /> An effeythyow yeghes a lusu loskvenydhyek a greg war'n braster greun, komposyans mononiethel, ha gwiskas kymygiethel war arenep an perthyglow lusu.<ref name=":12" /> Faktoryow keworransel keskelmys gans sinyow galladow anellans yw an menowghter ha hirder termyn a dhiskudhans, an kesgreunyans a lusu y'n ayrgylgh, hag an rannriv lusu anelladow; an kemusur a lusu gans treuslinen le es 10 μm, henwys [[Pyth perthyglek|PM₁₀]]. An gettesten socyal a yll bos posek ynwedh. Effeythyow yeghes hirdermyn a lusu loskvenydhyek yw galladow, dre reson diskudhans dhe silika gwrysek rydh yw aswonys kawsya [[silikosis]]. Monyow kowethys gans hemma a gomprehend [[kanndir]], [[kristobalit]], ha [[tridymit]], y hyllons i oll bos yn lusu loskvenydhyek. An monyow ma yw deskrifys avel silika 'rydh' drefen nyns yw an SiO₂ stag dhe elven aral rag gwruthyl moon nowydh. Byttegyns, diwirhaval yw yma magmaow owth yssynsi le es 58% SiO₂ a yssyns silika gwrysek.<ref name=":12" /> An nivelyow diskudhans dhe silika gwrysek rydh y'n lusu yw devnydhys yn kemmyn rag klassa an argol a silikosis yn studhyansow oberek (rag tus usi owth oberi yn balweyth, drehevyans, ha diwysyansow erel), awos bos klassys avel [[karsinogen]] denel gans an [[Maynorieth Geswlasek rag Hwithrans a Ganker]]. Re beu nivelyow-gidya gwrys rag diskudhans, mes gans resnans andhiblans; kevarwodhyansow RU rag perthygulatys yn ayr (PM₁₀) yw 50 μg/m³ ha kevarwodhyansow SUA rag diskudhans dhe silika gwrysek yw 50 μg/m³.<ref name=":12" /> Tybys yw an kevarwodhyansow ow tochya nivelyow diskudhans a yll bos gordremenys rag spysow berr heb effeythyow yeghes a vri war'n poblans ollgemmyn.<ref name=":13" /> Ny veu kasys kovadhys a silikosis displegys dhyworth diskudhans dhe lusu loskvenydhyek. Byttegyns, nyns eus studhyansow hirdermyn lowr rag arvreusi an effeythyow ma.<ref name=":12" /> ==== Konsumyans lusu ==== Rag pennfentynnyow dowr arenebel kepar ha lynnyn ha kreunyow, an dalghedh kavadow rag tanowheans a eghennow ionek dewanys a lusu yw bras dre vras. Yma an moyha pals rannow a luthyatys lusu (Ca, Na, Mg, Cl, F ha SO₄) yn naturel yn kesgreunyansow a vri y'n brassa rann a dhowrow arenebel ha rag henna nyns yns mennys dre vras gans ynworransow dhyworth kodh lusu loskvenydhyek, hag ymons i bern byghan yn dowr evadow, saw [[fluorin]]. An elvennow [[horn]], [[manganes]], hag [[aluminiom]] yw rychhys yn kemmyn a-ugh dhe nivelyow kilva gans kodh lusu loskvenydhyek. An elvennow ma a yll dri blas alkan dhe dhowr, hag y hyllons askorra nammans rudh, gell, po du a wynnweyth, mes nyns yns tybys bos argol yeghes. Nyns yw kodhow lusu loskvenydhyek aswonys dhe gawsya kudynnow yn provyansow dowr rag elvennow gwenonek kepar ha [[merkuri]] (Hg) ha [[Plobm|plomm]] (Pb) neb usi yn nivelyow fest isel yn gluthyatys lusu.<ref name=":14" /> Konsumyans lusu yw martesen dregynnus dhe [[Bestes|vestes]], ow kawsya kravas a'n dens, hag yn kasys a synsas [[fluorin]] ughel, posnans fluorin (gwenonek orth nivelyow a >100 μg/g) rag miles-peuri.<ref name=":16">https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0377-0273%2802%2900465-1</ref> Aswonys yw a'n tardhans 1783 a [[Laki]] yn [[Rewenys]], yth esa posnans fluorin yn tus ha bestes avel sewyans a gymygieth an lusu ha gass, neb a yssynas nivelyow ughel a [[hidrojen fluorid]]. Wosa an tardhansow 1995/96 a [[Menydh Ruapehu|Venydh Ruapehu]] yn Mordir Nowydh, dewvil deves hag eyn a verwis wosa bos mennys gans fluorosis yn unn beuri gans mar 1–3 mm a godh lusu.<ref name=":16" /> Sinyow a [[fluorosis]] yn biw diskudhys orth lusu a gomprehend brithansow melyn-gell po gwrydh-du y'n dens, ha gorfinder dhe boos y'n diwarr ha keyn.<ref>Araya Valenzuela, Oscar (2015). ''Erupciones volcánicas: Efectos sobre la ganadería.'' Collección Austral Universitaria de Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias (in Spanish). Ediciones UACh. p. 70. ISBN 978-956-9412-20-2.</ref> Konsumyans lusu a yll ynwedh kawsya lettyansow torrgolodhyonek.<ref name=":15" /> Deves neb a gonsumyas lusu a'n tardhans 1991 a [[Menydh Hudson|Venydh Hudson]] yn Chile a berthas [[skit]] ha gwander. ==== Effeythyow erel yn bestes ==== Lusu usi ow kesgreuni y'n gwlan keyn a dheves a yll keworra poos a vri, owth omsewya yn ludh hag analladow a'y sav. Glawas a yll omsewya yn begh a vri dre reson y keworr poos dhe lusu.<ref name=":17">Araya Valenzuela 2015, p. 63.</ref> Rannow gwlan a yll kodha dhe-ves ha neb gwlas usi remenant war dheves a yll bos euver awos an megyans drog usi kowethys gans tardhansow loskvenydhyek a venn kwalita an fiber.<ref name=":17" /> Mars usi an prasow ha plansow usadow gorherys gans lusu loskvenydhyek dres tardhans, nebes bestes a resort dhe dhybri pynag usi kavadow, ow komprehendya lesow gwenonek.<ref>Araya Valenzuela 2015, p. 77.</ref> Yma derivasow a ever ha deves yn [[Chile]] hag [[Arghantina]] gans erthylyansow naturel awos tardhansow loskvenydhyek.<ref>Araya Valenzuela 2015, p. 76.</ref> === Isframweyth === ==== Tredan ==== Lusu loskvenydhyek a yll gorderri kevreythyow-provia tredan yn oll nivelyow a dhinythyans tredan: treusfurvyans, treuskaryans, ha lesrannans. Yma peswar effeyth chif a'n mostyans lusu a dhaffar devnydhys y'n argerdh-livreson tredan:<ref>Wilson, T.M.; Daly, M.; Johnston, D.M. (2009). "Review of Impacts of Volcanic Ash on Electricity Distribution Systems, Broadcasting and Communication Networks". ''Auckland Engineering Lifelines Group Project AELG-19. Auckland Regional Council Technical Publication 051.''</ref> * Kodhow glyb a lusu war [[Enesegell (tredan)|enesegellow]] a yll dalleth fros-devera (myns byghan a'n fros a fros a-dreus dhe arenep an enesegell) may, mars eus fros lowr, hyll kawsya ‘treuslughes’ (diskargans heb vos yntendys a-dro po a-ugh dhe'n arenep a devnydh-enesega). : Mars an fros [[skochkylgh]] yw ughel lowr dhe dhisevel an [[spallyer trogylgh]], ena y fydh goderryans gonis. Treuslughes awos lusu a-dreus dhe enesegans treusfurvell a yll leski, gravya, po krackya an enesegans yn anewnheadow hag y hyll omsewya yn goderryans a'n provyans tredan.<ref>Wilson et al. 2012, "2.1. Insulator flashover and the resistivity of volcanic ash".</ref> * Lusu loskvenydhyek a yll esknias, pittya, ha skourya daffar alkan, dres oll rannow-gwaya kepar ha [[Turbin|turbinyow]] dowr ha gwyns ha gwynsellow-goyeynhe war dreusfurvellow po tredanvow tesel.<ref>Wilson et al. 2012, "2.2. Generation sites".</ref> * An dosedh bras gans nebes kodhow lusu a yll kawsya torrow linennow tredan hag arnow dhe douryow dur ha gwelynni prenn awos karg lusu. Hemm yw an moyha argollus pan vo glyb an lusu po linennow ha kesweythyow (r.e. dre lawas) hag y fe ≥10 mm a lawas. Lusu fin (r.e., <0.5 mm treuslinen) a omlen yn es orth linennow ha kesweythyow. Lusu loskvenydhyek a yll karga ynwedh losowedh usi ow palegi, hag ena y kodh war linennow. Kesgreunyans ergh ha rew war linennow ha losowedh usi ow palegi a gress yn fella argol a dorrow ha/po diskar a linennow po kalesweyth aral.<ref>Wilson et al. 2012, "2.4. Transmission and distribution lines".</ref> * Goderryansow routys a boyntys junyans goliadow (r.e., [[Isgorsav|isgorsavow]]) po trogylghyow erna vo omsedhys kodh lusu po rag glanheans a dhaffar.<ref>Wilson et al. 2012, "2. Impact on electricity networks".</ref> ==== Provyansow dowr evadow ==== Kevreythyow dordhowr yw stout erbynn effeythyow a godh lusu, kyn lusu y'n ayr a yll mellya gans an oberyans a bompellow pennfenten. Goderryansow tredan awos kodh lusu a yll ynwedh goderri pompellow tredanek mar nyns eus dinythyans-omskoodhya.<ref name=":18">Wilson et al. 2012, "3.1. Physical damage to water supply systems".</ref> An effeythyow fisegel a godh lusu a yll menni an oberyans a garthvaow dowr. Lusu a yll stoppya kesweythyow-kemeres, kawsya kisyans kravas dhe herdhyellow pompell ha gorveghya jynnow pompell.<ref name=":18" /> Lusu a yll entra kevreythyow sidhlans kepar ha sidhlow tewes ygor der an dhew kodh didro ha dre dhowrow ynkemerys. Y'n brassa rann a gasys, mentenans didorr a vydh res rag dyghtya an effeythyow a godh lusu, mes ny vydh goderryans gonis.<ref>Wilson, T.M.; Jenkins, S.F.; Stewart, C. (2015). "Volcanic ash fall impacts". Global volcanic hazards and risk. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. pp. 281–288. ISBN 9781107111752.</ref> An kamm finek a dhyghtyans dowr evadow yw disynklevyans rag surhe yma an dowr evadow finek heb korrorganedhow klevesus. Dre reson perthyglow kregys ([[stronkedh]]) a yll provia isweli-tevi rag korrorganedhow hag y hyll aga difres rag dyghtyans disynklevyans, pur bosek yw rag an argerdh dyghtyans dowr a hedh nivel da a berthyglow kregys. Y fydh res dhe gressya klorinheans rag surhe disynklevyans lowr.<ref>Stewart et al. 2006, "2.1. Turbidity".</ref> Yma lies chi, ha nebes kemenethow byghan, ow fydhya war lawas rag aga provyansow dowr evadow. Kevreythyow to yw fest goliadow dhe stronkans dre godh lusu, dre reson yma gansa arenebedh arenep brassa es dalghedh an dowrargh. Y'n kasys ma, sygerans a stronkoryon dhyworth an kodh lusu a yll dos ha bos argol yeghes ha nyns yw komendys dhe eva an dowr. Kyns kodh lusu, y tal dhe bibow glaw bos disjunys rag may tifresys yw dowr y'n dowrargh. Kudyn pella yw y hyll an gwiskas arenebel a lusu loskvenydhyek bos trenk. Dihaval orth an brassa rann a dhowrow arenebel, glawas a'n jeves yn ollgemmyn alkaninedh fest isel (gallos heptuheans trenk) ha rag henna kodh lusu a yll trenkhe dowrarghow. Hemm a yll omsewya yn kudynnow gans [[plommhebyganseth]], le may ma an dowr moy argasus dhe dhaffar orth y dhos erbynn. Hemm a yll bos kudyn arbennik mars eus kentrow plomm po lughesans plomm devnydhys war'n to, ha rag pibennow kober ha meblennow alkan erel.<ref>Stewart et al. 2006, "3.4. Domestic rainwater tank".</ref> == Devynnow == <references /> cfi8ewfyp8ijsp1ou5ewi6dijz15ylu 0 19609 229438 229339 2026-09-25T18:06:39Z Gazamp 9824 229438 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixkw|date=mis Gwynngala 2026}} {{Infobox election | election_name = Etholans lewydhek Statys Unys 2024 | country = Statys Unys | type = Presidential | ongoing = no | previous_election = Etholans lewydhek Statys Unys 2020 | previous_year = 2020 | election_date = 5 mis Du 2024 | next_election = Etholans lewydhek Statys Unys 2028 | next_year = 2028 | seats_for_election = Pub 538 esel Kolji an Etholoryon | majority_seats = 270 | turnout = 64.3%<ref>[https://election.lab.ufl.edu/2024-general-election-turnout/ 2024 General Election Turnout], ''Pennskol Florida'' (yn [[Sowsnek]]), kyrghys 17 mis Gwynngala 2026</ref> {{decrease}} <!-- Parti Repoblikanek --> | image1 = [[Image:Donald Trump official portrait (cropped).jpg|160x160px|Donald Trump]] | candidate1 = [[Donald Trump]] | party1 = Parti Repoblikanek | home_state1 = [[Florida]] | running_mate1 = [[JD Vance]] | electoral_vote1 = '''312''' | states_carried1 = '''31 + [[Mayn|ME-02]]''' | popular_vote1 = '''77,302,580''' | percentage1 = '''49.8%''' <!-- Parti Demokratek --> | image2 = [[Image:Kamala Harris Vice Presidential Portrait (cropped).jpg|160x160px|Kamala Harris]] | candidate2 = [[Kamala Harris]] | party2 = Parti Demokratek | home_state2 = [[Kaliforni]] | running_mate2 = [[Tim Walz]] | electoral_vote2 = 226 | states_carried2 = 19 + [[Washington, D.C.|DC]] + [[Nebraska|NE-02]] | popular_vote2 = 75,017,613 | percentage2 = 48.3% | map_image = ElectoralCollege2024.svg | map_size = 330px | title = [[Lywydhyon a'n Statys Unys Amerika|Lewydh]] | posttitle = Etholys Lewydh | before_election = [[Joe Biden]] | before_party = Parti Demokratek | after_election = [[Donald Trump]] | after_party = Parti Repoblikanek }} Yth esa etholans lewydhek yn [[Statys Unys]] war 5es mis Du 2024. An tokyn [[Parti Repoblikanek|Repoblikanek]], lewydh kyns [[Donald Trump]] hag esel [[Senedh an Statys Unys|Senedh]] dhyworth [[Ohio]] [[JD Vance]], a fethas an tokyn [[Parti Demokratek|Demokratek]], [[Is-Lywydhyon Statys Unys Amerika|is-lewydh]] [[Kamala Harris]] ha governour [[Minnesota]] [[Tim Walz]]. An lewydh a'n jydh, [[Joe Biden]], a ponyas rag dasetholans wortalleth hag a veu etholys avel ombrofyer an parti y'n etholansow kynsa, ow fetha [[Chi Kanasedhoryon an Statys Unys|kanasedher]] Dean Phillips a Minnesota. Prederow a-dro dh'y oos ha yeghes a veu trommys wosa performans dadhelva drog yn mis Metheven 2024; Biden a omdennas avel ombrofyer orth penn mis Gortheren, ow keynskrifa y is-lewydh ha kothman etholans [[Kamala Harris]] rag an ombrofyans.<ref>Shannon Pettypiece ha Mark Murray (21 mis Gortheren 2024), [https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2024-election/timeline-biden-withdrawal-trump-debate-25-days-us-politics-rcna162965 Timeline: From the Biden-Trump debate to Biden’s withdrawal: 25 days that shook American politics], ''Nowodhow NBC'' (yn [[Sowsnek]]), kyrghys 17 mis Gwynngala 2026</ref> Harris a veu gwrys an ombrofyer yn formel dre vot gowir a ganasedhoryon an parti yn mis Est ha hi a dhewisas Walz avel hy hothman.<ref>Max Matza ha Sam Cabral (2 mis Est 2024), [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c4ng1my55vno Kamala Harris formally chosen as Democratic nominee], ''[[BBC|Nowodhow BBC]]'' (yn [[Sowsnek]]), kyrghys 17 mis Gwynngala 2026</ref><ref>Sam Cabral (4 mis Est 2024), [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c51yewxgd4qo Kamala Harris picks Tim Walz as running mate], ''[[BBC|Nowodhow BBC]]'' (yn [[Sowsnek]]), kyrghys 17 mis Gwynngala 2026</ref> Trump, neb a veu fethas gans Biden yn [[Etholans lewydhek Statys Unys 2020|etholans lewydhek 2020]], a ponyas arta ha gwaynyas etholansow kynsa an [[Parti Repoblikanek]] erbynn governour [[Karolina Dheghow]] kyns Nikki Haley ha governour [[Florida]] Ron DeSantis.<ref>Kayla Epstein ha Mike Wendling (17 mis Gortheren 2024), [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cnd0gn6nel6o Trump's defeated Republican rivals show united front at convention], ''[[BBC|Nowodhow BBC]]'' (yn [[Sowsnek]]), kyrghys 17 mis Gwynngala 2026</ref> Ev a veu tennys yn {{ill|Moldrans assayys a Donald Trump yn Pennsylvani|en|Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania|lt=moldrans assayys}} war 13 mis Gortheren 2024.<ref>Graeme Baker (21 mis Gortheren 2024), [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cw5yrv2kwexo Inches from death: An hour that shook US election], ''[[BBC|Nowodhow BBC]]'' (yn [[Sowsnek]]), kyrghys 17 mis Gwynngala 2026</ref> Trump ha Vance a waynyas an etholans, gans 312 votys yn Kolji Etholoryon erbynn 226 rag Harris ha Walz. I a waynyas oll seyth statys an moyha amalek: [[Arizona]], [[Jeorji]], [[Karolina Gledh]], [[Michigan]], [[Nevada]], [[Pennsylvani]] ha [[Wisconsin]].<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/nov/10/trump-wins-arizona-completing-sweep-of-all-seven-battleground-states-ap-reports Trump wins Arizona, completing sweep of all seven battleground states, AP declares], ''[[The Guardian]]'' (yn [[Sowsnek]]), 10 mis Du 2024, kyrghys 17 mis Gwynngala 2026</ref> ==Devynnow== {{reflist}} [[Klass:2024]] [[Klass:Etholansow]] [[Klass:Gwlasegeth an Statys Unys]] qal5xijewc50x7ufx34s7dav9hg3d4r 0 19614 229431 2026-09-25T13:38:57Z Gazamp 9824 Folen nowydh 229431 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Timothy James Walz''' (genys 6 mis Ebrel 1964) yw politeger amerikanek, dyskador kyns ha hensouder an Gwith Kenedhlek Lu neb re servyas avel governour [[Minnesota]] a-dhia 2019.<ref>Anusha Marthur (6 mis Est 2026), [https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2024/08/06/tim-walz-55-things-harris-vp-00172790 55 Things to Know About Tim Walz, Kamala Harris' Pick for VP], ''Politico'', kyrghys 25 mis Gwynngala 2026</ref> Yntra 2007 ha 2019, esel [[Chi Kanasedhoryon an Statys Unys]] o ev rag an kynsa pastell vro Minnesota. Esel Parti Demokratek-Tiek-Lavur (parti stat omgelmys gans an [[Parti Demokratek]]) yw hag ev a veu dewisas avel an ombrofyer is-lewydh rag an Parti Demokratek y'n [[Etholans lewydhek Statys Unys 2024|etholans lewydhek 2024]]. == Devynnow == {{Dustuniow}} 5yfjnrbizqoch21j0s9a0qrrlmcg5x5 229433 229431 2026-09-25T13:42:59Z Gazamp 9824 +infobox 229433 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixkw|date=mis Gwynngala 2026}} {{Den | fetchwikidata=ALL | onlysourced=no | suppressfields= swydd, galwedigaeth, education, known, party, awards, alma, soodh, lev, trigva}} '''Timothy James Walz''' (genys 6 mis Ebrel 1964) yw politeger amerikanek, dyskador kyns ha hensouder an Gwith Kenedhlek Lu neb re servyas avel governour [[Minnesota]] a-dhia 2019.<ref>Anusha Marthur (6 mis Est 2026), [https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2024/08/06/tim-walz-55-things-harris-vp-00172790 55 Things to Know About Tim Walz, Kamala Harris' Pick for VP], ''Politico'', kyrghys 25 mis Gwynngala 2026</ref> Yntra 2007 ha 2019, esel [[Chi Kanasedhoryon an Statys Unys]] o ev rag an kynsa pastell vro Minnesota. Esel Parti Demokratek-Tiek-Lavur (parti stat omgelmys gans an [[Parti Demokratek]]) yw hag ev a veu dewisas avel an ombrofyer is-lewydh rag an Parti Demokratek y'n [[Etholans lewydhek Statys Unys 2024|etholans lewydhek 2024]]. == Devynnow == {{Dustuniow}} hrg5bpvy9du6kmypbq1jn3muw0mmfnr 229436 229433 2026-09-25T15:57:13Z Gazamp 9824 229436 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixkw|date=mis Gwynngala 2026}} {{Den | fetchwikidata=ALL | onlysourced=no | suppressfields= swydd, galwedigaeth, education, known, party, awards, alma, soodh, lev, trigva}} '''Timothy James Walz''' (genys 6 mis Ebrel 1964) yw politeger amerikanek, dyskador kyns ha hensouder an Gwith Kenedhlek Lu neb re servyas avel governour [[Minnesota]] a-dhia 2019.<ref>Anusha Marthur (6 mis Est 2026), [https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2024/08/06/tim-walz-55-things-harris-vp-00172790 55 Things to Know About Tim Walz, Kamala Harris' Pick for VP], ''Politico'' (yn [[Sowsnek]]), kyrghys 25 mis Gwynngala 2026</ref> Yntra 2007 ha 2019, esel [[Chi Kanasedhoryon an Statys Unys]] o ev rag an kynsa pastell vro Minnesota.<ref>[https://www.congress.gov/member/timothy-walz/W000799 Timothy Walz], ''Congress.gov'' (yn [[Sowsnek]]), kryghys 25 mis Gwynngala 2026</ref> Esel Parti Demokratek-Tiek-Lavur (parti stat omgelmys gans an [[Parti Demokratek]]) yw hag ev a veu dewisas avel an ombrofyer is-lewydh rag an Parti Demokratek y'n [[Etholans lewydhek Statys Unys 2024|etholans lewydhek 2024]].<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cleyjp5qldno Tim Walz: The ex-football coach and teacher who became Harris's VP pick], ''[[BBC|BBC News]]'' (yn [[Sowsnek]]), kyrghys 25 mis Gwynngala 2026</ref> == Devynnow == {{Dustuniow}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Walz, Tim}} [[Klass:Dinethyansow 1964]] [[Klass:Demokratyon]] [[Klass:Minnesota]] [[Klass:Eseli Chi Kanasedhoryon an Statys Unys]] [[Klass:Pennweythresogyon stat an Statys Unys]] qi90dtna67280nwezxklu2bpjy58dk9 14 19615 229444 2026-09-26T09:12:31Z Aqchampion 8099 Folen gwruthys gans: '[[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker]] [[Klass:Ruwvaneth Unys]]' 229444 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Klass:Mernansow awos kanker]] [[Klass:Ruwvaneth Unys]] 8x6yxrpqmopscmp6dvqmvihf5xtgxuc