Holodomor

<mediawiki xmlns="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11/ http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11.xsd" version="0.11" xml:lang="lad">
  <siteinfo>
    <sitename>Vikipedya</sitename>
    <dbname>ladwiki</dbname>
    <base>https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Primera_Hoja</base>
    <generator>MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.13</generator>
    <case>first-letter</case>
    <namespaces>
      <namespace key="-2" case="first-letter">Medya</namespace>
      <namespace key="-1" case="first-letter">Especial</namespace>
      <namespace key="0" case="first-letter" />
      <namespace key="1" case="first-letter">Diskusyón</namespace>
      <namespace key="2" case="first-letter">Usador</namespace>
      <namespace key="3" case="first-letter">Messaje de Usador</namespace>
      <namespace key="4" case="first-letter">Vikipedya</namespace>
      <namespace key="5" case="first-letter">Diskusyón de Vikipedya</namespace>
      <namespace key="6" case="first-letter">Dosya</namespace>
      <namespace key="7" case="first-letter">Diskusyón de Dosya</namespace>
      <namespace key="8" case="first-letter">MedyaViki</namespace>
      <namespace key="9" case="first-letter">Diskusyón de MedyaViki</namespace>
      <namespace key="10" case="first-letter">Xablón</namespace>
      <namespace key="11" case="first-letter">Diskusyón de Xablón</namespace>
      <namespace key="12" case="first-letter">Ayudo</namespace>
      <namespace key="13" case="first-letter">Diskusyón de Ayudo</namespace>
      <namespace key="14" case="first-letter">Kateggoría</namespace>
      <namespace key="15" case="first-letter">Diskusyón de Kateggoría</namespace>
      <namespace key="100" case="first-letter">Portal</namespace>
      <namespace key="101" case="first-letter">Diskusyón de Portal</namespace>
      <namespace key="710" case="first-letter">TimedText</namespace>
      <namespace key="711" case="first-letter">TimedText talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="828" case="first-letter">Módulo</namespace>
      <namespace key="829" case="first-letter">Módulo discusión</namespace>
      <namespace key="1728" case="first-letter">Evento</namespace>
      <namespace key="1729" case="first-letter">Evento discusión</namespace>
    </namespaces>
  </siteinfo>
  <page>
    <title>Holodomor</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>11774</id>
    <revision>
      <id>217057</id>
      <parentid>216867</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-03T00:13:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>18091</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>217057</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="32446" sha1="tmcnxzb03sskvnu9bjesqatq9c11qsf" xml:space="preserve">[[Dosya:Holomor Art Denysenko 1.jpg|thumb|200px|Leonid Denysenko, ''Why!?'']]
'''Holodomor''' o '''Golodomor''' (en [[Lingua ukrainia|ukrainio]]: ''Голодомор'', 'matar de ambre'), tambien yamado '''Jenosidio ukrainiano''' u '''Olokosto ukrainiano''', es el nombre atribuido a la [[ambre]] provokada por el regimen estalinista de [[Stalin]], ke asolo el territorio de la [[Repuvlika Sosyalista Sovyetika de Ukraina]] en [[Union Sovyetika]], durante los anyos de [[1932]]-[[1933]], en la kual murieron de ambre entre 7 i 10 milyones de personas.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927185300/http://www.consulado.ukrbcn.com/es/culture/forpress_002.php?print=Y A setenta años de la gran tragedia del pueblo ucranio.] {{es}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.lanación.com.ar/Archivo/nota.asp?nota_id=774480 El genocidio en Ucrania:Por Oleksandr Nykonen.] {{es}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20180412235646/http://celaforum.nuevamayoria.com/DATA/es/noticia.051125.php Ucrania: La mayor catástrofes mundial del Siglo XX provocada por el hombre.] {{es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Etimolojiya ==
[[Dosya:HolodomorUcrania9.jpg|thumb|200px|Viktima del Holodomor en una kaye de la sivdad ukrainiana de [[Harkiv]] en [[1933]].]]
La palavra Holodomor proviene del [[Lingua ukrainia|ukrainio]], i signifika ''[[ambre]]''. El termino fue utilizado por primera vez por el eskritor [[Nasionalizmo|nasionalista]] i [[antisovyetiko]] [[Oleksa Musienko]] en un reportaje presentado a la Union de Eskritores [[Ukrainios]] de [[Kiev]] en [[1988]]. Este akontesimiento se konmemora el kuarto sabado del mes de noviembre, tanto en [[Ukraina]] i en las komunidades ukrainianas de todo el mundo.

==Kausas==
Tras la yegada al poder de [[Stalin]] en [[1924]] se inisio una profunda  sovyetizasion de Ukraina. Se yevo a kabo la kolektivizasion de las eksplotasiones ukrainianas, afektando a un 80% de la poblasion de Ukraina payiz primordialmente [[agrikola]], rekvisando la [[ganaderia]] i las tierras privadas. Serka de 10 milyones de personas fueron desposeidas de sus hogares i deportadas a [[Siberia]] en kondisiones penosas donde peresieron aproksimadamente un tersio. Los kulaks los agrikultores i kampesinos poseedores de propiedades se rebelaron kontra las autoridades lokales sovyetikas i regresaron a sus propiedades unidos por un sentimiento nasional. Las autoridades sovyetikas persibieron el nasionalismo ukrainiano komo una amenaza.

==Jenosidio==
[[Dosya:409px-HolodomorCalgary Canadá.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Monumento en rekuerdo al Holodomor, en [[Calgary]], [[Kanada]].]]
Rapidamente  fue enviado el [[Ejersito Rojo]] para ahogar la rebelion. Paralelamente la polisía sekreta inisio una kampanya de terror kon el objektivo de romper el animo de los kulaks. En [[1929]], se arrestaron  a miles de intelektuales ukrainianos bajo falsos kargos siendo fusilados o enviados a kampos de trabajo ([[Gulag]]) en Siberia. En [[1932]], kolektivizadas forzosamente kasi en su totalidad todas las tierras de Ukraina, [[Stalin]] ordeno sistematikamente aumentos en las kuotas de produksion de komida. Se yevo akabo hasta el agotamiento de la komida en los graneros ukrainianos,  la kosecha de trigo de [[1933]] se vendio en el merkado mundial a presios por debajo del merkado para agotarla, se kalkula ke la kosecha de [[1933]] podria haber alimentado durante 2 anyos a la poblasion de Ukraina, yamada el granero de [[Evropa]]. 
 
Siendo kritika la situasion, el Partido Komunista de Ukraina solisito a Stalin la reduksion de las kuotas de komida, nuevamente se envio al Ejersito Rojo para reprender Partido Komunista de Ukraina. La polisia sekreta siguio siempre aterrorizando a la poblasion realizando inspeksiones aleatorias  apropiandose de toda la komida encontrada, konsiderada propiedad del estado. El kastigo por robar variaba, desde la muerte al envio minimo de 10 anyos a un Gulag.
 
Rapidamente se gesto una ambre masiva i duradera. Milyones de personas murieron por inanision. Las sivdades estaban inundadas de miseria i ambre. Los perros, gatos, ranas o ratas pasaron a ser kodisiados i dramatikamente aparesieron kasos de kanibalismo.
 
Durante los peores momentos se kalkula ke morian unas 25.000 personas kada dia en Ukraina. El rekuento final se situa entre los 5 i los 8 milyones de personas.
Desde los payizes de Evropa oksidental i [[Estatos Unitos d'Amerika]] los emigrantes ukrainianos respondieron enviando kargamentos de komida. La ayuda fue rekvisada por las autoridades sovyetikas. 
Los goviernos i la prensa oksidental ignoraron durante mucho tiempo los informes sobre las ambres ke periodikamente se eskapaban al kontrol sovyetiko.

[[Dosya:Holodomor World Recognition.svg|thumb|center|450px|Mapa de los payizes ke rekonosio el Holodomor komo [[jenosidio]].]]

{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot;
|
* {{flagicon|Andorra}} [[Andorra]]&lt;ref&gt; [http://www.consellgeneral.ad/micg/webconsell.nsf/0/85CFA1066515E305C1257671002BACE9 Proposta d’acord relativa al 75è aniversari de l’Holodomor de 1932-1933], Consell General Principat d'Andorra, 26 de noviembre de 2009.
&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Arjentina]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200530175401/http://www1.hcdn.gov.ar/folio-cgi-bin/om_isapi.dll?clientID=1679593240&amp;E1=&amp;E11=&amp;E12=&amp;E13=&amp;E14=&amp;E15=&amp;E16=&amp;E17=&amp;E18=hambruna+ucrania&amp;E19=&amp;E2=senado&amp;E3=&amp;E5=declaracion&amp;E6=aprobado&amp;E7=&amp;E9=&amp;headingswithhits=on&amp;infobase=proy99.nfo&amp;querytemplate=Consulta+de+Proyectos+Parlamentarios&amp;record=%7BF341%7D&amp;recordswithhits=on&amp;softpage=Doc_Frame_Pg42&amp;submit=ejecutar Resolução do Senado da Argentina (n.º1278/03)], Congreso de la Nación Argentina, 26 de djunio de 2003.&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Brasil]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110825032035/http://www.revistafatorbrasil.com.br/ver_noticia.php?not=19918 Holocausto Ucraniano é lembrado no Congresso Nacional], Congresso Nacional do Brasil, 22 de septembre de 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|the_Czech_Republic}} [[Chekia]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20080327132717/http://www.vesti.cz/2007/11/30/11 Česká republika uznala ukrajinský hladomor z let 1932-1933], Vesti.cz, 30 de noviembre de 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090411121500/http://www.ucrania.org.br/html/noticias.html Notícias], Embassy of Ukraine in Brazil, 3 de disiembre de 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|Chile}} [[Chile]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120603183425/http://www.camara.cl/prensa/noticias_detalle.aspx?prmid=28589 Cámara pide recognize hambruna en Ucrania en 1933 ], Cámara de Diputados de Chile, 14 de noviembre de 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|Ecuador}} [[Ekvador]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20071102145045/http://www.congreso.gov.ec/noticias/contenido.aspx?codigo_bol=5542&amp;sitio=noticias Aprueba resolución: Congreso se solidariza con pueblo ucraniano], Congreso Nacional del Ecuador, 30 de oktubre de 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20080304184820/http://mignews.com.ua/en/articles/277450.html Ecuador Recognized Holodomor in Ukraine!], Media International Group, 31 de oktubre de 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Espanya]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.congreso.es/public_oficiales/L8/CONG/BOCG/D/D_569.PDF#page=5 Propuesta de resolución de las Cortes Generales de España (No. 161/002237)], Cortes Generales de España, 15 de djunio de 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090420093457/http://actualidad.terra.es/nacional/articulo/congreso_honra_victimas_gran_hambruna_1609724.htm Congreso honra de victimas de gran hambruna ucraino en su 75 aniversario], Terra Actualidad - Reuters, 30 mayo de 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|Slovakia}} [[Eslovakia]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090219144330/http://www.velkaepocha.sk/content/view/3923/33/  Prijali deklaráciu k hladomoru v bývalom Sovietskom zväze], EpochMedia, 13 de disiembre de 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ukrinform.com/eng/order/?id=115330&amp;ulq=holodomor Slovak Parliament Recognizes Holodomor of 1932-1933 in Former USSR, Including in Ukraine, &quot;Extermination Act], Ukrinform, 13 de disiembre de 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;
|
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Estatos Unitos d'Amerika]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=108_cong_bills&amp;docid=f:hr356eh.txt.pdf Resolution of the House of Representatives of the US (H.R. 356)], U.S. Government Printing Office, 20 de oktubre de 2003&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200530175401/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-5273-commemoration-the-great-famine-the-ukraine Proclamation 5273 — Commemoration of the Great Famine in the Ukraine], The American Presidency Project, 30 de oktubre de 1984.&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927212436/http://www.vm.ee/est/kat_137/5260.html The Statement of the President of the Republic, March 7, 2005], Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 7 de marso de 2005.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927184158/http://www.ukrainianworldcongress.org/Holodomor/Passed_resolutions/Estonia_ukr.pdf Parliament of Estonia], Ukrainian World Congress, 31 de oktubre de 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;loi canad.19&quot;&gt;Holodomor Genocide Resolutions&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|Georgia}} [[Georgia]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.parliament.ge/index.php?lang_id=ENG&amp;sec_id=89&amp;info_id=8347&amp;date=2005-12-20&amp;new_month=12&amp;new_year=2005 Resolution of the Parlement of Georgia], Parlement of Georgia, 20 de disiembre de 2005.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20060203002914/http://5tv.com.ua/eng/newsline/186/0/19133/ Georgia recognizes Holodomor as genocide], 5tv, 3 de jenero de 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927063929/http://www.mfa.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=ENG&amp;sec_id=85&amp;info_id=3553 Georgian leader praises ties with Ukraine, upbeat on NATO - BBC], Georgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1 de marso de 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;loi canad.19&quot;/&gt;
* {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Kanada]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090930110021/http://www.parl.gc.ca/37/2/parlbus/chambus/senate/jour-e/pdf/072jr_2003-06-19.pdf Resolution of the Senate of Canada], Sénat du Canada / Senate of Canada, 19 de djunio de 2003 (p. 995).&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Kolombia]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090219095656/http://helsinki.org.ua/en/index.php?id=1198597096 Columbia declares Holodomor an act of genocide], Ukrainian Helsinki Human Rights Union, 25 de disiembre de 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Italia]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.is/20120629091253/http://banchedati.camera.it/sindacatoispettivo/ShowXml2Html.Asp?IdAtto=90369&amp;Stile=5&amp;HighLight=1&amp;SearchType=1&amp;Originale=0 Risoluzione della Camera dei deputati d'Italia (n.º 7/0038)], Camera dei Deputati, 3 de jenero de 2004.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.camera.it/_dati/leg14/lavori/stenografici/sed430/pdfbtind.pdf  Risoluzioni in Commissione], Atti Parlamentari - Camera dei Deputati, XIV Legislatura - Allegato B ai Resoconti - Seduta del 1.º Marzo 2004 (1 de marso de 2004).&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|Latvia}} [[Letonia]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20080516051344/http://www.ukrainianworldcongress.org/Holodomor/Latvia/Latvia_holodomor.pdf Resolution of the Latvian Sejm], Ukrainian World Congress, 13 de marso de 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nrcu.gov.ua/index.php?id=148&amp;listid=62233 Latvian Sejm adopted Declaration on Soviet Repressions in Ukraine in 1932-1933 and recognized Holodomor as genocide of Ukrainian people], The National Radio Company of Ukraine, 13 de marso 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lituania]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www3.lrs.lt/pls/inter3/dokpaieska.showdoc_e?p_id=266526&amp;p_query=&amp;p_tr2= Resolution of the Seimas of Lithuania], Seimas (Parliament) of the Republic of Lithuania, 24 de noviembre de 2005.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20060516004429/http://5tv.com.ua/eng/newsline/185/0/17092/ Lithuanian Seimas recognizes Ukraine’s Holodomor as genocide], 5tv, 24 de noviembre de 2005.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20121025184340/http://www.president.lt/en/news.full/8304 Speech by President of the Republic of Lithuania Valdas Adamkus - 62nd Session of the United Nations General Assembly], Office of the President of the Republic of Lithuania, 26 de septembre de 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;loi canad.19&quot;/&gt;
|
* {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Madjaristan]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mkogy.hu/irom37/6288/6288.htm Resolution of the National Assembly of Hungary (n.º 129/2003)], National Assembly of Hungary, 24 de noviembre de 2003.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20130514043244/http://www.artukraine.com/famineart/hung_assembly.htm Hungarian National Assembly Adopts A Resolution Recognizing The 1932-33 Great Ukrainian Famine As A Genocide], The Great Famine-Genocide in Soviet Ukraine (Holodomor), 28 de noviembre de 2003.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;loi canad.19&quot;/&gt;
* {{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Meksiko]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ucrania.org.br/asp10/artigos/artigos_view2.asp?cod=139 Notícias], Embassy of Ukraine in Brazil, 26 de fevrero de 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nrcu.gov.ua/index.php?id=475&amp;listid=61047 Mexiko erkannte ukrainische Hungersnotkatastrophe Holodomor 1932-1933 als Völkermord], NCRU, 22 de fevrero de 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Ostralya]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20060824112844/http://www.aph.gov.au/senate/work/journals/2003/jnlp_114.pdf Resolution of the Senate of Australia (No. 680)], Senate of Australia, 30 de oktubre de 2003.&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|Paraguay}} [[Paraguay]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20111208041045/http://www.mfa.gov.ua/mfa/en/newsmfa/detail/144.htm News - October 25, 2007], Ukrainian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 25 de oktubre de 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200530175411/http://www.senado.gov.py/?pagina=noticia&amp;id=2526 Solidaridad para con el pueblo ucraniano], Honorable Cámara de Senadores de Paraguay, 22 de noviembre de 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|Peru}} [[Peru]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927184222/http://ukrainianworldcongress.org/Holodomor/Passed_resolutions/Peru_sp.pdf Movimiento del Congreso del Perú], Ukrainian World Congress, 5 de djulio de 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.khpg.org/en/index.php?id=1183670476 Peru’s parliament passes Resolution acknowledging Holodomor as an act of genocide], Human Rights in Ukraine, 5 de djulio de 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Polonia]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20081028221248/http://www.senat.gov.pl/K6/dok/dr/050/a/090s.pdf Resolution of the Sejm of Poland (n.º 90 S)], Sejm (Parliament) of the Republic of Poland, 17 de marso de 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.kmu.gov.ua/control/en/publish/printable_article?art_id=31669944 Polish Senate stands up for recognition of famine in Ukraine as genocide act], Web-portal of the Ukrainian Government, 17 de marso de 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.unian.net/news/print.php?id=175953 Polish parliament blames Soviet regime for Ukraine Great Famine], UNIAN News Agency, 7 de disiembre de 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;loi canad.19&quot;/&gt;
* {{flagicon|the_Vatican_City}} [[Sivdad del Vatikano]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/speeches/2001/documents/hf_jp-ii_spe_20010623_ucraina-meeting_po.html Meeting of the Holy Father with representatives of World Politics, Culture, Science and Industry], Official Site of the Holy See, 23 de djunio de 2001.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/speeches/2003/december/documents/hf_jp-ii_spe_20031204_holodomor-ucraina_po.html Message of Pope John Paul II], Official Site of the Holy See, 23 de noviembre de 2003.&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraina]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20130121031253/http://www.artukraine.com/famineart/fam_resol.htm P. U. Declares the 1932-1933 Famine &quot;An Act of Genocide&quot; and a &quot;Deliberate Terrorist Act of the Stalinist Political System&quot;], Verkhovna Rada (Parliament of Ukraine) declares the famine of 1932-1933 &quot;an act of genocide&quot; (Holodomor), 19 de mayo de 2003.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20100706020952/http://eng.maidanua.org/node/648 Verkhovna Rada passes Law declaring Holodomor genocide], maidan.org.ua, Verkhovna Rada (Parliament of Ukraine) adopts a law declaring the Holodomor as genocide, 28 de noviembre de 2003.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930031516/http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/2006/490601.shtml Rada passes bill recognizing the Holodomor as genocide], The Ukrainian Weekly, by Zenon Zawada, No. 49, Vol. LXXIV, 3 de disiembre de 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20070328081937/http://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/data/1_14470.html President proposes Holodomor bill], Official Site of the President of Ukraine, 23 de marso de 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Negasionizmo del Holodomor ==
El negasionizmo del Holodomor signifika afirmar ke la &quot;ambre artifisial&quot; ukrainiana de [[1932]]-[[1933]] no eksistio. Esta negasion fue la postura tipika de la [[propaganda]] [[URSS|sovyetika]], respaldada por periodistas i sirkulos oksidentales de izkierda.

Las autoridades sovyetikas -entre ellos, el presidente [[Mikhail Kalinin]] o el ministro de asuntos eksteriores [[Maksim Litvinov]]- negaron desde el primer momento el Holodomor, i mantuvieron esa aktitud hasta bien entrada la dekada de [[1980]]. En esta misma linea se pronunsiaron numerosos periodistas de payizes oksidentales, komo Walter Duranty o Louis Fischer. La negasion del Holodomor se konvirtio en una eksitosa kampanya de desinformasion, orkestada desde el govierno sovyetiko. Stalin ''&quot;había logrado lo imposible: silensiar kualkier konversasion sobre el ambre... Mientras morían milyones, la nasion entonaba las loas a la [[kolektivizasion]]&quot;'', tal komo ekspreso el historiador i eskritor Edvard Radzinsky. Otro eksperto sobre el tema -Robert Conquest- afirmo ke fue el primer ensayo sovyetiko de las teknikas de propaganda [[nazi]],&lt;ref&gt;En relasion, vease la doktrina de [[Goebbels]], kalifikada komo la [[gran mentira]], inspirada en su frase ''&quot;una mentira, repetida mil vezes, se konvierte en una verdad&quot;''&lt;/ref&gt; y ke luego aplikarian durante los [[prosesos de Mosku]] i el okultamiento del [[Gulag]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Conquest&quot;&gt;CONQUEST, Robert; ''The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine'', [[Oxford University Press]] (1987), ISBN 0-19-505180-7, p. 308, [http://books.google.com/books?id=Bp31GmfH-6YC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=harvest+of+sorrow&amp;sig=ONivvVYlMPCPY0pb41NXw-AL8dE#PPA320,M1 Disponible online] {{en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bibliografiya ==
=== Libros i artikulos ===
* Robert Conquest, ''La grande terreur, précédé des &quot;Sanglantes moissons: Les purges staliniennes des années 30&quot;'', (1995) ISBN 2-221-06954-4
* Georges Sokoloff, ''1933, L'année noire - Témoignages sur la famine en Ukraine'', ISBN 2-226-11690-7
* Myron Dolot, ''Les affamés / l'holocauste masqué, Ukraine 1929-1933'' (1986), ISBN 2-85956-514-0
* Chastushka ''Journal of American folklore, Volume 89'' Houghton, Mifflin, and Co., 1976
* Fürst, Juliane. ''Stalin's Last Generation: Soviet Post-War Youth and the Emergence of Mature Socialism'' Oxford University Press. 30 September 2010. ISBN 978-0-19-957506-0
* Kowalski, Ludwik. ''Hell on Earth: Brutality and Violence Under the Stalinist Regime'' Wasteland Press 30 July 2008. ISBN 978-1-60047-232-9
* Ammende, Ewald, ''Human life in Russia'', (Cleveland: J.T. Zubal, 1984), Reprint, Originally published: London, England: Allen &amp; Unwin, 1936.
* ''The Black Deeds of the Kremlin: a white book'', S.O. Pidhainy, Editor-In-Chief, (Toronto: Ukrainian Association of Victims of Russian-Communist Terror, 1953), (Vol. 1 Book of testimonies. Vol. 2. The Great Famine in Ukraine in 1932–1933).
* Davies, R.W., ''The Socialist offensive: the collectivization of Soviet agriculture, 1929–1930'', (London: Macmillan, 1980).
* ''Der ukrainische Hunger-Holocaust: Stalins verschwiegener Volkermond 1932/33 an 7 Millionen ukrainischen Bauern im Spiegel geheimgehaltener Akten des deutschen Auswartigen Amtes'', (Sonnebuhl: H. Wild, 1988), By Dmytro Zlepko. [eine Dokumentation, herausgegeben und eingeleitet von Dmytro Zlepko].
* Luciuk, L. Y. (ed), &quot;Holodomor: Reflections on the Great Famine of 1932–1933 in Soviet Ukraine&quot; (Kingston: Kashtan Press, 200()
* Dolot, Miron, ''Who killed them and why?: in remembrance of those killed in the Famine of 1932–1933 in Ukraine'', (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University, Ukrainian Studies Fund, 1984).
* Dushnyk, Walter, ''50 years ago: the famine holocaust in Ukraine'', (New York: Toronto: World Congress of Free Ukrainians, 1983).
* ''Famine in the Soviet Ukraine 1932–1933: a memorial exhibition'', Widener Library, Harvard University, prepared by Oksana Procyk, Leonid Heretz, James E. Mace (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard College Library, distributed by Harvard University Press, 1986).
* ''Famine in Ukraine 1932–33'', edited by Roman Serbyn and Bohdan Krawchenko (Edmonton: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, 1986). (Selected papers from a conference held at the Universite du Quebec a Montreal in 1983).
* ''The Great Famine in Ukraine: the unknown holocaust: in solemn observance of the Ukrainian famine of 1932–1933'', (Compiled and edited by the editors of the Ukrainian Weekly [Roma Hadzewycz, George B. Zarycky, Martha Kolomayets] Jersey City, N.J.: Ukrainian National Association, 1983).
* Gregorovich, Andrew, “Black Famine in Ukraine 1932–33: A Struggle for Existence”, ''Forum: A Ukrainian Review'', No. 24, (Scranton: Ukrainian Workingmen's Association, 1974).
* Halii, Mykola, ''Organized famine in Ukraine, 1932–1933'', (Chicago: Ukrainian Research and Information Institute, 1963).
* ''Holod na Ukraini, 1932–1933: vybrani statti'', uporiadkuvala Nadiia Karatnyts'ka, (New York: Suchasnist', 1985).
* Hlushanytsia, Pavlo, &quot;Tretia svitova viina Pavla Hlushanytsi == The third world war of Pavlo Hlushanytsia, translated by Vera Moroz, (Toronto: Anabasis Magazine, 1986). [Bilingual edition in Ukrainian and English].
* ''Holod 1932-33 rokiv na Ukraini: ochyma istorykiv, movoij dokumentiv'', (Kiev: Vydavnytstvo politychnoyi literatury Ukrainy, 1990).
* Hryshko, Vasyl, ''The Ukrainian Holocaust of 1933'', Edited and translated by Marco Carynnyk, (Toronto: Bahrianyi Foundation, SUZHERO, DOBRUS, 1983).
* ''International Commission of Inquiry into the 1932–33 Famine in Ukraine, Proceedings [transcript]'', May 23–27, 1988, Brussels, Belgium, [Jakob W.F. Sundberg, President; Legal Counsel, World Congress of Free Ukrainians: John Sopinka, Alexandra Chyczij; Legal Council for the Commission, Ian A. Hunter, 1988.
* ''International Commission of Inquiry into the 1932–33 Famine in Ukraine. Proceedings [transcript]'', 21 October – 5 November 1988, New York City, [Jakob W.F. Sundberg, President; Counsel for the Petitioner, William Liber; General Counsel, Ian A. Hunter], 1988.
* ''International Commission of Inquiry into the 1932–1933 Famine in Ukraine. Final report'', [Jacob W.F. Sundberg, President], 1990. [Proceedings of the International Commission of Inquiry and its Final report are in typescript, contained in 6 vols. Copies available from the World Congress of Free Ukrainians, Toronto].
* Kalynyk, Oleksa, ''Communism, the enemy of mankind: documents about the methods and practise of Russian Bolshevik occupation in Ukraine'', (London, England: The Ukrainian Youth Association in Great Britain, 1955).
* Klady, Leonard, “Famine Film ''Harvest of Despair''”, ''Forum: A Ukrainian Review'', No. 61, Spring 1985, (Scranton: Ukrainian Fraternal Association, 1985).
* ''Kolektyvizatsia і Holod na Ukraini 1929–1933: Zbirnyk documentiv і materialiv'', Z.M. Mychailycenko, E.P. Shatalina, S.V. Kulcycky, eds., (Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1992).
* Kostiuk, Hryhory, ''Stalinist rule in Ukraine: a study of the decade of mass terror, 1929–1939'', (Munich: Institut zur Erforschung der UdSSSR, 1960).
* Kovalenko, L.B. &amp; Maniak, B.A., eds., ''Holod 33: Narodna knyha-memorial'', (Kiev: Radians'kyj pys'mennyk, 1991).
* Krawchenko, Bohdan, ''Social change and national consciousness in twentieth-century Ukraine'', (Basingstoke: Macmillan in association with St. Anthony's College, Oxford, 1985).
* Luciuk, Lubomyr (and L Grekul), Holodomor: Reflections on the Great Famine of 1932–1933 in Soviet Ukraine (Kashtan Press, Kingston, 2008.)
* ''Lettere da Kharkov: la carestia in Ucraina e nel Caucaso del Nord nei rapporti dei diplomatici italiani, 1932–33'', a cura di Andrea Graziosi, (Torino: Einaudi, 1991).
* Mace, James E., ''Communism and the dilemma of national liberation: national communism in Soviet Ukraine, 1918–1933'', (Cambridge, Mass.: Distributed by Harvard University Press for the Ukrainian Research Institute and the Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the U.S., 1983).
* Makohon, P., ''Svidok: Spohady pro 33-ho'', (Toronto: Anabasis Magazine, 1983).
* Martchenko, Borys, ''La famine-genocide en Ukraine: 1932–1933'', (Paris: Publications de l'Est europeen, 1983).
* Marunchak, Mykhailo H., ''Natsiia v borot'bi za svoie isnuvannia: 1932 і 1933 v Ukraini і diiaspori'', (Winnipeg: Nakl. Ukrains'koi vil'noi akademii nauk v Kanadi, 1985).
* ''Memorial'', compiled by Lubomyr Y. Luciuk and Alexandra Chyczij; translated into English by Marco Carynnyk, (Toronto: Published by Kashtan Press for Canadian Friends of “Memorial”, 1989). [Bilingual edition in Ukrainian and English. this is a selection of resolutions, aims and objectives, and other documents, pertaining to the activities of the Memorial Society in Ukraine].
* Mishchenko, Oleksandr, ''Bezkrovna viina: knyha svidchen''', (Kiev: Molod', 1991).
* Oleksiw, Stephen, ''The agony of a nation: the great man-made famine in Ukraine, 1932–1933'', (London: The National Committee to Commemorate the 50th Anniversary of the Artificial Famine in Ukraine, 1932–1933, 1983).
* ''Pavel P. Postyshev, envoy of Moscow in Ukraine 1933–1934'', [selected newspaper articles, documents, and sections in books], (Toronto: World Congress of Free Ukrainians, Secretariat, [1988], The 1932–33 Famine in Ukraine research documentation).
* Pidnayny, Alexandra, ''A bibliography of the great famine in Ukraine, 1932–1933'', (Toronto: New Review Books, 1975).
* Pravoberezhnyi, Fedir, ''8,000,000: 1933-i rik na Ukraini'', (Winnipeg: Kultura і osvita, 1951).
* Senyshyn, Halyna, ''Bibliohrafia holody v Ukraini 1932–1933'', (Ottawa: Montreal: UMMAN, 1983).
* Solovei, Dmytro, ''The Golgotha of Ukraine: eye-witness accounts of the famine in Ukraine'', compiled by Dmytro Soloviy, (New York: Ukrainian Congress Committee of America, 1953).
* Stradnyk, Petro, ''Pravda pro soviets'ku vladu v Ukraini'', (New York: N. Chyhyryns'kyi, 1972).
* Taylor, S.J., ''Stalin's apologist: Walter Duranty, the New York Time's man in Moscow'', (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990).
* ''The Foreign Office and the famine: British documents on Ukraine and the great famine of 1932–1933'', edited by Marco Carynnyk, Lubomyr Y. Luciuk and Bohdan Kor.
* ''The man-made famine in Ukraine'' (Washington D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1984). [Seminar. Participants: Robert Conquest, Dana Dalrymple, James Mace, Michael Nowak].
* United States, ''Commission on the Ukraine Famine. Investigation of the Ukrainian Famine, 1932–1933: report to Congress / Commission on the Ukraine Famine'', [Daniel E. Mica, Chairman; James E. Mace, Staff Director]. (Washington D.C.: U.S. G.P.O.: For sale by the Supt. of Docs, U.S. G.P.O., 1988), (Dhipping list: 88-521-P).
* United States, ''Commission on the Ukrainian Famine. Oral history project of the Commission on the Ukraine Famine'', James E. Mace and Leonid Heretz, eds. (Washington, D.C.: Supt. of Docs, U.S. G.P.O., 1990).
* ''Velykyi holod v Ukraini, 1932-33: zbirnyk svidchen', spohadiv, dopovidiv ta stattiv, vyholoshenykh ta drukovanykh v 1983 rotsi na vidznachennia 50-littia holodu v Ukraini—The Great Famine in Ukraine 1932–1933: a collection of memoirs, speeches and essays prepared in 1983 in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the Famine in Ukraine during 1932–33'', [Publication Committee members: V. Rudenko, T. Khokhitva, P. Makohon, F. Podopryhora], (Toronto: Ukrains'ke Pravoslavne Bratstvo Sv. Volodymyra, 1988), [Bilingual edition in Ukrainian and English].
* Verbyts'kyi, M., ''Naibil'shyi zlochyn Kremlia: zaplianovanyi shtuchnyi holod v Ukraini 1932–1933 rokiv'', (London, England: DOBRUS, 1952).
* Voropai, Oleksa, ''V deviatim kruzi'', (London, England: Sum, 1953).
* Voropai, Oleksa, '' The Ninth Circle: In Commemoration of the Victims of the Famine of 1933'', Olexa Woropay; edited with an introduction by James E. Mace, (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University, Ukrainian Studies Fund, 1983).
* Marco Carynnyk, Lubomyr Luciuk and Bohdan S Kordan, eds, ''The Foreign Office and the Famine: British Documents on Ukraine and the Great Famine of 1932–1933'', foreword by Michael Marrus (Kingston: Limestone Press, 1988)
* Barbara Falk, ''Sowjetische Städte in der Hungersnot 1932/33. Staatliche Ernährungspolitik und städtisches Alltagsleben'' (= Beiträge zur Geschichte Osteuropas 38), Köln: Böhlau Verlag 2005 ISBN 3-412-10105-2
* Wasyl Hryshko, ''The Ukrainian Holocaust of 1933'', (Toronto: 1983, Bahriany Foundation)
* Stanislav Kulchytsky, Hennadiy Yefimenko. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20070708024619/http://www.history.org.ua/kul/contents.htm Демографічні наслідки голодомору 1933 р. в Україні.  Всесоюзний перепис 1937 р. в Україні: документи та матеріали]'' (Demographic consequence of Holodomor of 1933 in Ukraine. The all-Union census of 1937 in Ukraine), Kiev, Institute of History, 2003.
* R. Kusnierz, ''[http://www.robertkusnierz.pl//wielkiglodpokazslajdow.html Ukraina w latach kolektywizacji i Wielkiego Glodu (1929–1933)]'',[https://web.archive.org/web/20220314210548/https://marszalek.com.pl/index.php?m=0 Torun],  2005
* Leonard Leshuk, ed., ''Days of Famine, Nights of Terror: Firsthand Accounts of Soviet Collectivization, 1928–1934'' (Kingston: Kashtan Press, 1995)
* Lubomyr Luciuk, ed., ''Not Worthy: Walter Duranty's Pulitzer Prize and The New York Times'' (Kingston: Kashtan Press, 2004)

== Referensias ==
 &lt;references/&gt; 

== Atamientos eksternos ==
{{Commonscat|Holodomor}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111028012927/http://www.ukrainiangenocide.com/ Ukrainian Genocide Famine Foundation USA] {{en}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120831154033/http://www.faminegenocide.com/index.html Famine Genocide Commemorative Committee Ukrainian Canadian Congress] {{en}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110604055926/http://www.faminegenocide.com/resources/findings.html Findings of the Commission on the Ukraine Famine], U.S. Commission on the Ukraine Famine, Report to Congress. Adopted by the Commission, 19 April 1988 {{en}}
* [http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Joint_Statement_on_Holodomor Joint declaration at the United Nations in connection with 70th anniversary of the Great Famine in Ukraine 1932–1933] {{en}}
* [http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/cgi-bin/laws/main.cgi?nreg=789%2D15 Address of the Verkhovna Rada to the Ukrainian nation on commemorating the victims of Holodomor 1932–1933] {{uk}}


{|id=&quot;toc&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0 2em 0 2em;&quot;
![[Dosya:world recognized.png|70px|Mapa]]||align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:#ccccff&quot; width=&quot;200%&quot;|El numero de los payizes ke ofisialmente rekonosen el Holodomor komo djenosidio||{{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraina]]
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot; colspan=&quot;3&quot;|
{{flagicon|Andorra}} [[Andorra]], {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Arjentina]], {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Brasil]], {{flagicon|the_Czech_Republic}} [[Chekia]], {{flagicon|Chile}} [[Chile]], {{flagicon|Ecuador}} [[Ekuador]], {{flagicon|Slovakia}} [[Eslovakia]], {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Espanya]], {{flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]], {{flagicon|USA}} [[Estatos Unitos d'Amerika]], {{flagicon|Georgia}} [[Georgia]], {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Italia]], {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Kanada]], {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Kolombia]], {{flagicon|Latvia}} [[Letonia]], {{flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lituania]], {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Madjaristan]], {{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Meksiko]], {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Ostralya]], {{flagicon|Paraguay}} [[Paraguay]], {{flagicon|Peru}} [[Peru]], {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Polonia]], {{flagicon|the_Vatican_City}} [[Sivdad del Vatikano]], {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraina]]
|-
|}

[[Katēggoría:Jenosidios]]
[[Katēggoría:Ambre]]
[[Katēggoría:Negasionizmo]]
[[Katēggoría:Ukraina]]
[[Katēggoría:Union Sovyetika]]
[[Katēggoría:1932]]
[[Katēggoría:1933]]
[[Kateggoría:Vikipedya:Artikolos kon grafia ladina]]</text>
      <sha1>tmcnxzb03sskvnu9bjesqatq9c11qsf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Messaje de Usador:Revi C.</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>12666</id>
    <revision>
      <id>217054</id>
      <parentid>217050</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-02T14:23:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pathoschild</username>
        <id>236</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>global user pages ([[m:Synchbot|requested by Revi C.]])</comment>
      <origin>217054</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1122" sha1="5b8qtz4dnjnrhc9ts3mku14m3gujbq8" xml:space="preserve">__NOINDEX__&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[File:Revi logo (pink).png|thumb|center|&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;PLEASE DO NOT LEAVE MESSAGE HERE!&lt;/span&gt;]]

'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt; BEFORE YOU BLOCK MY ACCOUNT: IF MY EDIT SUMMARY INCLUDE PREFIX &lt;/span&gt;''(Script)''&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;, DON'T BLOCK ME, JUST TELL ME TO SLOW DOWN AT COMMONS' TALK PAGE. IT IS AN AUTOMATED SCRIPT BEING USED ON COMMONS TO MOVE FILES.&lt;/span&gt;'''

Instead, please leave your message following site:
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|45px|link=d:User talk:Revi C.]] [[d:User talk:Revi C.]] for Wikidata (Interwiki links) stuff &lt;!--(I am {{int:Group-sysop}} there)--&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Commons-logo.svg|45px|link=commons:User talk:Revi C.]] [[commons:User talk:Revi C.]] for renaming stuff or [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] action (I am {{int:Group-sysop}} there)
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Community Logo optimized.svg|45px|link=m:User talk:Revi C.]] [[meta:User talk:Revi C.]] for other stuff (User right notification, revert message, etc...)

Messages left on this page may be reverted or moved without any response.&lt;/div&gt;</text>
      <sha1>5b8qtz4dnjnrhc9ts3mku14m3gujbq8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Usador:-revi</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>19438</id>
    <redirect title="Usador:Revi C." />
    <revision>
      <id>217055</id>
      <parentid>213596</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-02T15:00:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pathoschild</username>
        <id>236</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>global user pages ([[m:Synchbot|requested by Revi C.]])</comment>
      <origin>217055</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26" sha1="88g0cv17whfgb1wkeh281mptujwtlut" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[User:Revi C.]]</text>
      <sha1>88g0cv17whfgb1wkeh281mptujwtlut</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Messaje de Usador:-revi</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>19439</id>
    <redirect title="Messaje de Usador:Revi C." />
    <revision>
      <id>217056</id>
      <parentid>213597</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-02T15:36:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pathoschild</username>
        <id>236</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>global user pages ([[m:Synchbot|requested by Revi C.]])</comment>
      <origin>217056</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="31" sha1="o9z79lcc9a9pfmqmrod5w3eyk4q9i0o" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[User talk:Revi C.]]</text>
      <sha1>o9z79lcc9a9pfmqmrod5w3eyk4q9i0o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>